Class T^ lS3 Book ^y-f Copyright N" COPmiGlIT DEPOSIT. Everybody Should Have Dr. Chase's Recipe Book as Improved by the Publisher. EVERY HOUSEKEEPER NEEDS IT, To know how to wash, to cook, to preserve, to brew, to keep the house clean and sweet, to know how to color in modern style and newest colors, to understand household management and economy, and for its practical " Hints on Housekeeping." EVERY MOTHER NEEDS IT, To understand and provide for the care, dress, management, and bringing np of children ; to understand and cure the diseases peculiar to childhood : and for tlie " Advice to Mothers," which should make the Recipe Book a welcome friend to every mother and family in the land. EVERY WOMAN NEEDS IT, For its plain and practical treatment and cure of all female complaintB and irregularities : to know how to care for the sick ; and for its '' Manage- ment of the Sick Room," and advice to them especially. EVERY MAN NEEDS IT, To know how to act promptly in all kinds of "Accidents and Emergen- cies," and for its 2,000 invaluable Recipes in its various Departments, upoR almost every subject. EVERY YOUNG LADY NEEDS IT, For its " Hints upon Etiquette;" to know to dress becomingly; to know how to beautify the person and complexion ; to know how to soften and whiten the skin and hands ; to know how to promote the growth and beauty of the hair ; to know how to remove superfluous hair, or make it curl ; to know how to remove freckles, pimples, and blotches ; to know how to remove sun burn and tan ; to know how to make perfumes, pomade, tooth-wash, hair oil* 6tc 6tJC EVERY YOUNG MAN NEEDS IT, For its "Hints upon Personal Manners;" for its " Rules for the Preserva- tion of Health ;" for its advice and counsels upon habits, business, etc. EVERY SICK PERSON NEEDS IT, To know how to regain their health, and for its priceless reciijes and cure* for almost all kinds of sickness and disease. EVERY WELL PERSON NEEDS IT, To know how to preserve their health, and for its rules for the preventioi» of sickness and promotion of health. EVERY FARMER NEEDS IT, For its complete Farrier Department, which has no superior; to know how to manage Bees, and for hundreds of recipes especially la Lis Vine, whicl" he will have almost daily occasion to use or refer to. EVERY MECHANIC NEEDS IT, As blacksmiths, tinners, gunsmiths, jewelers, cabinet ;nakers, tannery painters, barbers, shoe and harness makers, for its recipes and advice in thes* various branches of industry. THE YOUNG FOLKS AND CHILDREN NEED IT, For its " Counsels to the Young," and its amusements and indoor games, EVERY FAMILY NEEDS IT, As a household work, to consult upon almost every conceivable subject j with its 2,000 practical recipeg for almost everything and everybody; tojcon- sult upon all the leading diseases of man, woman, or child, as it points out in plain language the .symptoms, cause, and cure; to consult upon all matters oi housekeeping, cooking, coloring, etc. ; to consult lu all cases of accidents, of poisoning, burns, scalds, bruises, cuts, bites, wounds, etc. ; to consult upon a thousand other things of everyday occurrence ; in short, as a Family Guide and Physician. To, conclude, every person should have It, whether young or old, married or single, whether farmer, mechanic, or professional, as a book to refer to in a thousand matters of daily occurrence, as it will not only save you many dol- lars, but perhaps life Itself, and will add to your comfort, pleasure and happi- ness. [7 DR. CI1A»E'» RECIPES OR Information for Everybody. AN INVALUABLE COLLECTION OF OVER ONE TnOIJSAND PRACTICAL RECIPES FOR MERCHANTS, GROCERS, SALOON-KEEPERS, PHYSICIANS, DRUGGISTS, TANNERS, SHOEMAKERS, HARNESSMAKERS, PAINTERS, JEWELERS, BLACKSMITHS, TIN- NERS, GUNSMITHS, FARRIERS, BARBERS, BAKERS, DYERS, RENOVATORS, FARMERS, AND FAMILIES GENERALLY. WITH A RATIONAL TREAT- MENT OF PLEURISY, INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS, AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY DISEASF.S, AND ALSO FOR GENERAL FEMALE DEBILITY AND IRREGULARITIES. BY A. W. CI1A8C, n. D. ILLL^TRATED EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED IN 1900. GREATLY ENLARGED and IMPROVED by the PUBLISHERS WHO HAVE ADDED APPENDICES TO THE MEDICAL, SALOON, FARRIERS', BAR- BERS', AND TOILET, BAKERS' AND COOKING, MISCELLANEOUS, AND COLOR- ING DEPARTMENTS, AND ALSO SEVERAL NEW DEPARTMENTS, VIZ.: "ADVICE TO MOTHERS,'' "RULES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH," "ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES," "HINTS UPON ETIQUETTE AND PERSONAL MANNERS," "HINTS ON HOUSEKEEPING," "AMUSE- MENTS FOR THE YOUNG," AND "BEE-KEEPING." ALLARRANOED IN THEIR APPROPRIATE DEPARTMENTS. WITH A COPIOUS INDEX. CtltCACO : TIIOMP^ON e» TnO^A8, 267 Wabash Avenue. 42789 LAWS OF COPYRIGHT. 'A IX %' 6^ c. ^^.^' The exclusive benefits of Copyrights extend to twenty-eight years then renewable for fourteen years, if the Author is dead, to the heirs byre-record ing. and advertising the re-record for four weeks in any newspaper in the Jnitt-d States. The forfeiture of all the books, and the plates on which the same shnll be wopicd, and a penalty of one dollar for each sheet of the work found in his Lssession— half to the United States and half to the Author— is the penalty or publishing or importing any work without the written consent of the Author; and also liable to the Author or proprietor for damages. Entries must be made in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Wash- ington, who is entitled to a fee of fifty cents for recording the title of each f.ok. and fifty cents in addition for each certificate of copyright under seal , f the office. Entered according to act of Congress, in the Year 1SC7, by A. W. CHASE, M. D , - »n the Clerk's office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Michigan. Entered according to Act of Congress, iu the Year 1871, by R. A. BEAL, In the office of the Librarian of Congres-s, at Washington. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Year 1874, by R. A. BEAL, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Year 1895, by J. E. BEAL, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. Revised and Enlarged Edition Copyright, 1900, by J. E. BEAL. PUBLISHER'S PREFACE. The pnbllBher of "Dr. Chase's Recipes ; or, Information for Everybody," »nile claiming that the Recipe Book as it is now published, Is the most com- plete, comprehensive, and valuable work of the kind in print, recognizes the (act that science and research are constantly adding to our knowledge, and as it is his earnest desire to keep his book up with the times and useful to Individual Families and the Public generally, has Revised and Enlarged the iook, sparing no expense of time or money, having himself twice crossed the Atlantic to procure from the wisdom and experience of the old world infor- natioD upon some particular subjects, to not only make the "Recipe Book" he best of its kind, but also the best deserving of public patronage. Great *ire has been observed in selecting our information, and in the Medical de- «4rtment many of the Recipes are more precious than rubies, they are price- «ss and will doubtless prove a blessing to many families. The publisher has ^opted the "reformed practice" of medicine,* and the additions to the Medi< al department are the result of long experience in practice of some of the most «cientiflc physicians of modem times. The publisher has added an ap- pendix to the Saloon, Medical, Farrier's, Barbers' and Toilet, Bakers' and ^looking, Miscellaneous, and Coloring Departments, and In order to distin- guish the new matter has marked it "Appendix by the Publisher," to the several departments to which it is attached, and has further added as an »»pendix several new departments, viz. : " Rules for the Preservation of H ealth," " Accidents and Emergencies," " Hints upon Etiquette and Personal xianners," " Hints on Housekeeping," " Amusements and Indoor Games for ^he Young," " Advice to Mothers," " Cold "Water Cure," " Rules for the Dress, Jare, and Bringing up ot Children," and "Bee-Keeping." If among the thousands of readers of this work any one should hastily pronounce these pages confused and ill-arranged, let them refer to the "Index" and forever hold their peace, and let it always be borne in mind that the " Index " is the knocker to the door of knowledge, and will enable you to refer in a moment to almost anything you may require. Agents wanted everywhere. Persons wishing to engage in the sale of the Book should address the publisher for Private Circulars and Terms. R. A. BEAL, Pafcllstaer, An7i Arbor, Mich. •Note.— The publisher knowing that a great number still strongly adhere to the the "Old School " of Medicine, has for their particular benefit, under the head of " Prescriptions," and "A List of Useful Prescriptions," given a number of the best formulas of that system. Under the head of " Diseases " will be found how and when they can be used. Only a lew of the prescrip- tions conflict with the " Reformed Practice," but each disease here mentioned IS fully treated according to the "Reformed Practice" elsewhere under its proper bead. AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE FIRST STEREOTYPED EDITIOB In bringing a permanent work, or one that is designed 80 fc. tie, before ih* public, it is expected of tlie autlior tliat lie give his reasons tor sa<5fa. putilf ca- tion. If the reasons are founded in truth, the people consequently seeing 1<^ necessity, will appreciate its advantages, and encourage the Author by quick and extensive purchases, they alone being the judges. Then— First.— Much of the information contained in " Dr. Chase's Recipes, or Information for Everybody," has never before been published, and is adapted to every-day use. Second.— The Author, after having carried on the drug and grocery busi« ness for a number of years, read medicine, after being thi/ty-eight years o> age, and graduated as a physician, to qualify himself for the work he was un dertaking ; for, having been familiar with some of the Recipes, adapted ta these branches of trade, more than twenty years, he began in " Fifty-six,' seven years ago, to publish them in a pamphlet of only a few pages, sine* Which time he has been traveling between New York and Iowa, selling th» work and prescribing, so that up to this time ("Sixty-three") over twenty three thousand copies have been sold. His travels have brought him in con tact with all classes of professional and business men, nLdchanics, farriers and farmers, thus enabling him to obtain from them many additional itema always having had his note-book with him, and whenever a prescription ha* been given before him, pr a remark made, that would have a practical bear ing, if has been noted, and at the first opportunity tested, then, if good, writter out in plain language expressly for the next edition of this work. In thi» way this mass of information has been collected, and ought to take away at objection which some persons have raised; "It is too much for one man tc know!"— because they did not realize that the work had been made up from others, as well as the Author's actual every-day experience, instead of from un tried books. Yet from the nature of some of the Recipes, one has occasionallj found its way into some of the earlier editions, which has needed revision, oi to be entirely dropped. This, with a desire to add to the various Departraent* at every edition, has kept us from having it stereotyped until the preseu* tenth edition. But now, all being what we desire, and the size of the work beiug suci that we cannot add to it without increasing the price, we have it steieotypeJ and send it out, just what we expect, and are willing it should remain. Third.— Many of the recipe-books published are very large, containing much useless matter, only to increase the number, consequently costing to< much. This one contains only about eight hundred recipes, upo'i only about four hundred diflferent subjects, aW of which are valuable in da'Jy, practica' life, and at a very reasonable price. Many of them are without «,rrangement This one is arranged in regular Departments, all of a. class being together Many of them are without remark or explanation. This oae is fully ex- plained, and accompanied with remarks upon the various subjects introduced by the Recipes under consideration. Those remarks, explanations and sug- gestions accompanying the Recipes are a special feature of (his work, making it worth double its cost as a reading book, even if there waa not a prescription in it. Fourth.— The remarks and explanations are in tore/e type, whilst the pre- scriptive and descriptive parts are in a little smaller type, which enables any one to see at a glance just what they wish to find. Fifth. — It is a well known fact that many unprincipled persons go around "gulling" the people by selling single recipes for exorbitant prices. The Author found a thing, calling himself a man, in Battle Creek, Mich., selling a washing-fluid recipe for two dollars, which he obtained of some ; but if he could not obtain that, he would take two shillitigs, or any other sum be- tween them. A merchant gave a horse for the " White Cement " recipe. The late Mr. Andrews, of Detroit, Mich., gave three hundred dollars for a recipe, now improved and in this work, to cure a bone spavin upon a race mare ol his. He removed the spavin with it, and won the anticipated wager with her. The Author has himself paid from twenty-five to fifty and seventy-five ceDt**. and one to two, three, five, and eight dollars for single items, or recipes. ha«" Author's Pre/ace. 9 /ng thereby to improve his work, but oftea flnding that he had much better ideas embodied tlieiein. The amount pairf for information in this work, and for testing by experi- ment, together with traveling expenses, and cuts used in illustrating it, h-is readied over two tliousand dollars, and all for the purpose of making a book •worthy to be found ia " Everybody's" library, and to prevent such extortions In the p>'i<:« of recipes. Yet any single recipe in tlie work which a person may wishto use, will often be found worth many times the price of tlie book, f>erhaps the|^we« of thos** you dearly love, by having at hand the necessary nformation, enabling y ju to immediatdy apply the means within your reacli, instead of giving time for disease to strengthen, whilst sending, perhaps miles, for a physician. Much pain ani sutTeriug, also, will often be saved or avoided, besides the satisfaction of knowing how many things are made which you are constantly tLsitig, and also being able to avoid many things which you certainly would avoid if you knew liow they were made. Sixth. — It will be observed that we have introduced a number- of recipes ■apon some of the subjects. Tiiis adapts the work to all circumstances and places. The reason for it Is this: we have become acquainted with them io •our practice and journeyings, and know that when the articles cannot be ob- tained for one way, they may be for some other way; as also that one pre- scription is better for some than for other persons; therefore, we give the variety, that all may be benefited as much as possible. For instance, there are twenty different prescriptions for different diseases and conditions of the eye ; tliere are also a dozen different liniments, etc., etc.; yet the Autlior feels well assured that the most perfect satisfaction will be experienced in them as A whole. And although it could not be expected that special advantages of particular recipes could be pointed out to any great extent, yet the Author must be indulged in referring to a few, in the various Departments. All, or nearly all, merchants and grocers, as also most families, will be more or less benefited by the directions for making or preserving butter, preserving eg^s, or fruit, computing interest, making vinegar, and keeping cider palatable, etc. In ague sections of country none should be without the information on this subject; and, in fact, there is not a medical subject introduced but what will be found more or less valuable to every one. Even physicians will be more than compensated in its perusal ; whilst consumptive, dyspeptic, rlieu- matic, and fever patients ought, by all means, to avail themselves of the ad- vantages here pointed out. The treatment in Female Debility, and the ob- servations on the changes in female life, are such that every one of them over thirteen or fourteen years of age should not be without this work. The direc- tions in Pleurisy and other inflammatory diseases cannot fail 10 benefit every family Into whose hands the book shall fall. The Good Samaritan Liniment, we do not believe, has its equal in the vrorld, for common uses, whilst there are a number of other liniments equally well adapted to particular cases. And we would not undertake to raise a family of children without our Whooping Cough Syrup and Croup Remedies, knowing their value as we do, if it cost a liundred dollars to obtain them. Tanners and shoemakers, painters and blacksmiths, tinners and gunsmiths, cabinet-makers, barbers, and bakers, will find in tlieir various Departments more than enough, in single recipes, to compensate them for the expense of the work ; and farriers and farmers who deal in horses and cattle, will often find that Department to save a hundred times its cost in single cases of disease. A gentleman recently called at my house for one of the books, saying : " I liave come ten miles out of my way to get it, for I staid over night with a fanner, who had one, and had been benefited more than twenty dollars, in curing a horse by its directions." A gentleman near this city says he had paid out dollars after dollars to cure a horse of spavin, without benefit, as directed by o^Aer books of recipes; but a few shillings, as directed by this, cured the horse. Another gentleman recently said to me : ' Your Eye Water is worth more tnan twenty dollars." I could flU pages with similar state- menis which have come to my knowledge since I commenced the publication of this work, but must be c )ntent by asking all to look over our References, which hive beeu voluiit inly accumulating during the seven years in which the work has been in growing up to its present size and perfection; and the position in society of most of tlie persons making these statements is such- many of whom are entire strangers to the Author and to each other— that any person can see that no possible complicity could exist between us, even if we desired it. Families will find in the Baking, Cioking, Coloring, and Miscellaneous Departments all f'ey will need, without the aid of any other "Cook Book ;" and the Washing 1 luid which we have u«ied at every washing except two for nearly right years, ' ; wor h to every f imily of eigiu or ten persons, ten tiiii?s the cost of the ooDk. -e-irlv, savfng both in labi>r and wear of clothes. siiiVE.v.'!!. — Many 'it' tii'- -iriirti -s (vm b'^ gatherfd from garden, field, or lo Author' s Preface. woods, and the others will always be found with druggists, and most of the preparations will cost only from one-half to as low as one-sixteenth as rau^h as to purchase them already made ; and the only certainty, nowadays, of having a good article, is to make it yourself, Finally.— There is one of two things /ac< about this book : It is the big- fest liumbug of the day ; or it is the best work of the kind published in the ;nglish language. If a careful perusal does not satisfy all tnat it is not ihe first, but that it is ihe last, then will the Author be willing to acknowledge that testing, experimenting, labor, travel, and study are of no account in qualifying a man for such a work, especially when that work has been the long cherished object of his life, for a lasting benefit to his fellow creatures, saving them from extortion in buying single recipes, and also giving them a reliable work, for every emergency, more than for his own peculiar benefit. Were it not so, I should have kept the work smaller, as heretofore— for the eighth edition of two hundred and twenty-four pages, when handsomely bound, sold for one dollar, as now ; but in this edition you get a dollar's worth of book, even in common reading matter, besides the most reliable practical Information, by which you will often save, not only dollars and cents, but re- lieve suffering and prolong life. It is, in fact, a perfect mass of the most valu- able methods of accomplishing the things SPOken of, an Encyclopoedia upon the various branches of science and art treated of in the work, which no fam- ily can afford to do without— indeed, young and old, "Everybody's" book. And the "taxs" nor "times" should be, for a moment, argued against the purchase of so valuable a work, especially when we assure you that the book is sold only by Traveling Agents, that all may have a chance lo purchase ; for if left at the book-stores, or by advertisement only, not one in fifty would ever see it. Some persons object to buying a book of recipes, as they are constantly receiving so many in the newspapers of the day ; but if they had all that this book contains, scattered through a number of years of accumulated .^apers, it would be worth more than the price of this work to have them gathered together, carefully orranged in their appropriate departments, with an alpha- betical index, and handsomely bound ; besides the advantage of their having passed under the Authors carefully jjj-Mnin^r and grafting hand. " 'To uproot error and do good should be the first and highest aspiration ol every intelligent being. He who labors to promote the physical perfection oi his race— lie who strives to make mankind intelligent, healthy, and happy- cannot fail to have reflected on his own soul the benign smiles of those whom he has been the instrument of benefiting." The Author has received too many expressions of gratitude^ thankfulness, and favor, in relation to the value of "Dr. Chase's Recipes, or Information for Everybody," to doubt in the least the truth of the forego -Ing quotation ; and trusts that the following quotation may not be set down to "egotism "' or "bigotry," when he gives it as the governing reason for the continued and permanent publication of th<» work : " I live to harn their story, wiio suffered for my sake; To emulate their glory, and follow in their wake ; Bards, patriots, martyrs, sages, and nobles of all ages, Whose deeds crown History's pages, and Time's great volume make. " 1 live for those who love me, for those who know me true ; For the heaven that smiles above me, and awaits my spirit too; For the cause that lacks assistance, for the wrong that needs resistance, For the future in the distance, and the ^ood that I can do." May these reasons speedily become the governing principles throughout the world, especially with all those who have taken upon themselves the vows of our " Holy Religion," knowing that it is to those only who begin to love God and right actions, A re, with whom the glories of heaven shall ever begin . Were they thus heeded, we should no longer need corroborating testimony to our statements. Now, however, we are obliged to array every point before the people, as a mt/v o/', that they may judge understandinqly, even in matters of the most vital importance to themselves; consequently we must be excused for this lengthy Preface, explanatory Index, and extended References follow- ing it. Yet, that there are some who will let the work go by them as one of the " humbugs of the day," notwithstanding all that has or might be said, we have no doubt; but we beg to refer such to the statement amongst our Refer- ences, of the Rev. C. P. Nash, of Muskegon, Mich., who, although he allowed it thus to pass him, could not rest satisfied when he saw the reltahtlity of the work, purchased by his less incredulous neighbors. Then if you will, let it go by; but it is hoped that all purcArtser* may have suflficient confidence in the work not to allow it to lie idle; for, that the designed anr greatest possible amount of good shall be accomplished by it, it is only necessary that it shoul* be generally introduced, and daily used, is the positive knowiedge of THE AUTHOR. REFERENCES. ixtracts from Certificates and Diplomas in the Doctor's Possession Connected with his Study of Medicine. " I hereby certify that A. W. Chase has prosecuted the study of medicine, under my instruction, during the term of two years, and sustains a good moral character. (Signed) O. B. REED, Physician. Belle River, Mich." University of Michigan, ( College of Medicine and Surgery. ( This certifies that A. W. Chase has attended a full Course of Lectures in this Insti- Tvion. (Signed) SILAS H DOUGLAS, Dean. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor." " Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. Know all men by these presents, that A. W. Chase has sustained an honorable vxamination before the Faculty of this Institute, on all the departments of Medical stience. etc. * * * Wherefore we, the Trustees and Faculty * * by the authority rested in us by the Legisltaure of the State of Ohio, do confer on him the degree of Vector of Medicine. WM. B. PIERCE, President. W. T. HURLBERT, Vice-President. -AS. G. Hrnshall, Secretary. Signed also by seven Professors, embracing the names of Scudder, Bickley, ^SEAl) Freeman, Newton, Baldridge, Jones, and Saunders. A/\/l\/ ARBOR REFERENCES. The fo'lowing statements are given by my neighbors, to whom I had sent the eighth edition of my •• Recipes," asking their opinions of its value for the people, most of whom had previously purchased earlier editions of the work, and several of them used many of the recipes ; and surely their position in society must pla:e their statements above all suspicion of complicity with the author in palming off a ^vorthless book : but are designed to benefit the people by increasing the spread of genf.ine practical infor- mation : Hon. Alpheus Felch, one of our first lawyers, formerly a Senator in Congress, and «Iso ex-Oovernor of Michigan, says : — Please accept my thanks for the copy of your ' Recipes,'' which you were so good as to send me. The book seems to me to contain much valuable practical information, tLnAlhayc no doubt w^ill be extensively useful A. Winchcll, Professor of Geology, ZoOlogy, and Botany, in the University of MichigJin, and also State Geologist, says : — 1 have examined a large number of recipes in Dr. Chase's published collection, and from my knowledge, either experimental or 'Jieoretical, of many of them, and my confidence in Dr. Chase's carefulness, judgment, and conscientiousness in the selection of such only as are proved useful, afler full trial, I feel no hesitation in saying that they may all be received with the utmost confid''nce in their practical value, except in those cases where the Doctor has himself qualified his recommendations. Rev L D. Chapin pastor of the Presbyterian Church, says:— Allow me to expres to you my gratification in the perusal of your book. I do not regard myself as qualified to speak in regard to the whole book, for you enter into dnpartments in which I have no special knowledge, but where I understand the subject I find many things of much oractical value for every practical man and housekeeper; and judging of those parts which I do not, by those which I do understand, I think that you have furnished a book that mo-.t f imilies can afford to have at any reasonable price. Rev. George Smith, Presiding Elder of the M. E Church, Ann Arbor, says:— I take pleasure in saying that so far as I have examined, I have reason to believe that your Recipes are genuine, and not intended as a catch-penny, but think any person pur- chasing it will get the worth of their money 12 Reference % Rev. Geo. Taylor, Pastor of Ann Arbor, and D:x'.ioro M. E. Church, writes as fol lows :— As per your request, I have carefully examined your book of Recipes, recently published, and take pleasure in adding my testimony to the many you have already received, that I regard it as the best compilation of recipes 1 have ever seen. Several o( these recipes we have used in our family for years, and count each of them worth the cost of your book. Elder Samuel Cornelius, Pastor of tKe Baptist Church, writes : — I have looked over your book of " Information for Everj-body," and as you ask my judgment of it, I say that it gives evidences of much industry aiii care on the part of the compiler, and con- tains information which must be valuable X.t all classes of business men in town and country, and especially to all families who v/anv to cook well, and have pleasant, healthy drinks, syrups, and jellies — who wish to keep l.-ealth when they enjoy it, or seek for it in an economical way. I thank you for the copy j-oa .sent me, and hope you may make a great many families healthy and happy. Rev. F. A. Blades, of the M. E. Church, and Paster in charge, for two years of Ann Arbor Station, says : — Dr. Chase: Dear Sir, — Your work of Recipes I have examined, and used some of them for a year past. I do uo,*; .hesit ite to pronounce it a valuable work, containing information for the million. I hope you will succeed in circulating ii very generally. It is worthy a place in every house. This gentleman speaks m the highest terms of tl.'e " Dyspeptic's Biscuit and Cof- fee," as of other recipes used. Eberbach &Co., Druggists, of Ann Arbor, say. — We l?ave been filling prescriptions from '■ Dr. Chase's Recipes," for three or four years, and freely say that we do not know of any dissatisfaction arising from want of cori-ecJ:ncs£ ; but, on the other hand, we know that they e\\e. general satisfaction. Rev. S. P. Hiloreth, of Dresden, O., a former neighbor, enclosing a recent letter says :— I have carefully examined your book, and regard ic as* containing a large amouni of information which will be valuable in every household. Rev. William C. Way, of tlie M. E. Church, Plymouth, Mich . ■.>ays ; — I have cur&l myself of Laryngitis, (inflammation of the throat,) brought on hy long continued and constant public speaking by the use of Dr. Chase's black oil, and ulso know a fever sort to have been cured upon a lady by the use of the same article, OPINIONS OF THE ANN ARBOR PRESS. A New Book. — Dr. Chase, of this city, has laid on our table a new edition of ni« work, entitled " Dr. Chase's Recipes; or. Information for Everybody,' fo.- making air sorts of things, money not excepted. We would not. however, convey thr idea that the Doctor tells you how to make spurious coin, or counterfeit bills, but by practicing upoa the maxims laid down in this work, money making is the certain result. Boy a bock, and adopt the recipes in your households, on your farms, and in your business, and success is sure to follow. The work is neatly printed, elegantly bound, and undoubt- edly embodies more useful information than any work of the kind now before the public. Students, or others, wishing to engage in selling a saleable work, will do well to se.jd for circulars describing the book, with terms to agents, etc., for it is indeed a work which " Everybody "ought to have. — Michigan State N'ems, Ann Arbor. Dr. A W. Chase, of this ciiy, has placed on our table a cr«py of his " Recipes; or. Information for Everybody." Begmning with a small pamphlet, the Doctor ha? swelled his work to a bound volume of about 400 pages ; an evidence that bis labors are appreciated. The volume furnishes many recipes and much information of real practi cal value. — Michigan Argus, Ann Arbor. Dr. Chasb's Recipes. — The ninth edition of Dr. Chase's Recipes has been re cently published, revised, illustrated, and enlarged, comprising a very large collection of practical information for business men, mechanics artists, farmers, and for families generally. The recipes are accompanied with explanations and comm-^nts which greatly increase the value of the work, It is a handsomely bound volume. -Ann Arbor Journal. Dr Chase, of Ann Arbor, has favored us with a copy of Recioes which he has pub- lished, * * * * who claims that they have been made up {tcm liis own and others' evv-ry-dav experience. There is certainly a great many useful recipes in this work that .•night be found to richly repay its cost to any fami'y. — jtfiVAj^a« Farmer, Detroit. OPINIONS OF THE PEOPLE-STf^ANGERS. Rev. C. P. Nash, of Muskegon, Mich., writes : — Dr, Chase: Dear Sir, — Some time since, one of your agents canvassed our town for your •' Book of Recipes," but thinking it, perhaps, one of the humbugs of the day, I neglected my opportunity to procure one. The books, however, were sold to our neighbors about us, and my wife borrowed one in order to test a few of its recipes. She found them all genuine, so lar as she tried them, and now very much regrets that we did not procure one. She considers tuem invaluable References. i^ The object of this note is to inquire whether we can procure one by oending you the necessary funds. If so, we will send by return of mail, upon receipt of your answer. I f not, can you, and will you be so kind as to inform us where and how we can procure one. P. S. — Enclosed please find a directed and pre-paid envelope, for you reply. Frederick Bues, Vinegar Manufacturer, of Freeport, 111., says: — Dr. Chase's plan of making vinegar is purely scientific, and 1 am making it with entire success. J.M.Chase, Canedea, N.Y., says: — Your vinegar is all right. More than forty men tested it last Saturday, and they, to a man, say it is the best and pleasantest they ever saw. J. Clark, of Conneautville, Pa., said to me he had made $500 in four months, from the vinegar recipe. L. Weber, grocer, of Crestline, O., says, May 26, 1859: — I purchased Dr. Chase's book about a year ago, and have made and sold the vinegar at a profit of about $40 on nine barrels. These statements refer to the " Vinegar in Three Days, w ithout Drugs.'' H. W. Lord and B. Fox, grocers, of Pont ac, Mich., say: — We have kept eggs two years, by Dr. Chase's process, as good as when put down. L. Howard, hotel keeper, (of the firm of Kinibal & Howard,) Waverl^ House, Elgin, 111., says : — We used eggs in June of this year, which were laid down in May of last year, by a plan just the same as Dr. Chase's, and they were just as good as iresb eggs, and as clean and nice in every w^ay. Wm. Buss, of the firm of Robinson & Co., grocers, of Erie, Pa., says — I have tried • recipe similar to Dr. Chase's egg preserving recipe, for several years with perfect success, and freely recommend it to any one wishing to deal in eggs. John A. Vanhorn, merchant, of Marshall, Mich., says : — 1 nave been acquainted sffith Dr Chase's plan of keeping eggs for five years, and know that it will keep them as flice as fresh eggs. T. L. Stevens, merchant, of Paw Paw, Mich., says that he is acquainted with tlie •ame thing, and knows that it is good. Chapel & Graves, grocers, at Ottawa, 111., say they paid $10 for the egg preserving i€cipe. I know two men, one of whom paid $100 and the oihcr $125, for a part only of the- /inegar recipes. Howbret & Fallor, druggists, of Bucyrus, Ohio, say; — Dr. Chase's Red Ink is •uperior to Harrison's Columbian Ink, and also that his Burning Fluid can have na •uperior. Miller & Davis, bankers, Ann Arbor, Mich., say: — We have tried Dr. Chase's Com- mon Ink, and find it a good article Robert Heany, Jr., druggist, of Hendrysburg, O., says: — I have tried several o£ /our recipes, and so far find them good. The Eye-Water gives good satisfaction ; the ■Good Samaritan takes the place of all other liniments in the shop ; the Green Mountain Salve takes well for plasters, and Mead's Sovereign Ointment is doing for me what no other medicine has done, it is curing a sore on my back which has baffled all applica- tions for more than two years. One doctor called it tetter, another erysipelas. It began like a ring-worm, and slowly spread, with the most intolerable itching. It is now nearly well, with only two weeKs' use of the ointment. Dr. A. S. Witter, Eclectic physician, of B.ittle Creek, Mich., says: — Either of Dr. kJhase's preparations for the Ague is worth double what he asks for the whole list of recipes. Prof. A. H. Piatt, M. D., of Antioch College, Yellow Springs, O., says :— To the ofedical Profession : This certifies that the recipe in Dr. Chase's Collection, for the cure of Uterine Hemorrhage, is original with me, and has been in my practice for nearly- twenty years, without a single failure. L. S. Hodgkins, of Reading, Mich., says : — I have cured my wife of Cancer of four years' standing, with one of Dr. Chase's cancer cures. I know it has cured others also. W. J. Cook, M. D., of Mendota, 111., says : — 1 have examined Dr. Chase's recipes,, and find two or three worth more than he asks for the wliole colli ction. T. W. Church, dentist, of Coldwater, Mich., says :- J have been acquainted with Dr. Chase and his book of Recipes for about two years. All 1 have tested are found to be practical ; and his prescription for my father, in paralysis, was found to be more eflfectual ID giving relief than that of any other physician. The editor of the Ann Arbor Local Aews says : — We have thoroughly examined the work published by A. W. Chase, M. D., entitled " Dr. Chase's Recipes," and believe it to be a most valu'able book for everybody. There is not, in our opinion, a single recipe- contained in it that is not of great practical use. N. S. Reed, harness maker, of Mansfield, O., says : — I have used Dr. Chase's Var- nish Blacking for Harness over three years, and say it is the best I ever used. J. & D. Minich, tanners, of Bucyrus, O., say: — We are using Dr. Chase's tanning and finishing recipes with good satisfaction. Mrs. Morris, of Lima, near Ann Arbor, Mich., says: — I am using Dr. Chase's. Washing Fluid, and have found it to be a very valuable recipe, and I would not do a^ washing without its aid for half the price of the book, weekly Stephen Allen, of Adrian, Mich., says: — We have used A. W. Chase's Washing Fluid for two years, and my wife says she would not do without it for $10 a year, and it- does not injure the clothes, out eaves all bleaching. 14 References. Jacob Schoen, of East Saginaw, Mich., says:— The recipe of Dr. Chase's Washing Fluid is genuine, and like the same which I manufactured and sold for niae years ia Vienna, the capital of Austria, in Europe. H. W. Donnelly, postmaster of Parma, Mich., says : — My family have used a prepar- ation in washing for ten years, similar to Dr. Chase's, and we know it to be practical and valuable. He said to a farmer, who asked his opinion of the book, buy one, says he — that recipe alone is worth the whole price, a dozen times. The editor of the Country Gentleman says of the Washing Fluid, from several years' experience, that clothes not only wash easier, but look better, and last fully ics, long as when washed in the old way. The Author knows that shirts will last twice as long, for the board-rubbing wears them out faster than body wear, and as two-thirds of that rubbing is saved, the wear is of course saved. Gideon Howell, of Oramel, N. Y., says: — 1 have drank cider two years old, (kept by one of Dr. Chase's recipes,) as good as when put up, and did not cost one-fourth of a cent per barrel to prepare it. Sheldon Bebee, a farmer, of Cary, Ohio, says :— I put away cider in November, by one of Dr. Chase's recipes, to preserve cider, and it is now, in March, as good as when first made. Messrs. J. W. Bell & P. Mower, blacksmiths, of New Vienna, O., August ii, iSvc>, say: — Dr. A. W. Chase : Dear Sir, — We have tried your process for re-cutting Files, and are happy to say to you that it works well ; and we desire you also to send us th« recipe for welding Cast-Steel without borax, which was forgotten when we obtained th« other. [I sold to them before these recipes were printed in the h-»ok.] John Miser, blacksmith, of Washington, Ohio, says, June 20th, 1859:— Dr. Chasi tried his FileCutting Process in my shop last night, and. I am satisfied that it is a goorf thing, and have purchased his book. Wm. Russell, blacksmith, of Princeton, Ind., says, May 7, 1S60:— I purchased Dr Chase's book of recipes this afternoon, and have tested the recipe for tempering Mill Picks, to my perfect satisfaction, and also of the miller who used them. They cut glas* also, very nicely. J. Kinneraan, miller in Union Mills, Union, Pa., says : — August 20, 1S60, Mr, Todd, a blacksmith of this place, put one dollar in my hands to be given to Dr. Chase, if his Mill-Pick Tempering recipe gave satislaction upon test; and the Doctor gained th« money. G. C. Schofield, of Conneautville, Pa., says : —After using Wood's Hair Restorativa without benefit, I have now a good head of hair from using a Restorative similar to Dr Chase's, and I know his to be a superior article; O. B. Bangs, of Napoleon, Mich., says: — Dr. Chase: Dear Sir, — Allow me to say by using 3'our Hair Restorative once a day for two weeks, gave me a beautiful dark heaa of hair in' place of a silver-gray which had been my companion for years; and although 1 have not now used it in four months, yet my hair retains its beautiful dark appearance, and is soft and pliable as in youth. It it was used once a day for two weeks, and then two or three days only, every two months, no gray hair would ever appear. The expense of it is so very trifling, also, no one would feel it, as 3}/^ pints cost only from zt to 30 cents. T.Shaw, cabinet maker, of Westfield, N. Y., says :— I have used Dr. Chase's pre- paration in finishing furniture, about five years, and know it is good and better than anv other thing I have used in thirty-five years. Jonathan Higgins, a farmer, of West Union, Adams connty, O., says : — I have usetf Dr. Chase's treatment for Cholic in horses for ths last 12 to 15 years, with perfect sue cess, and also on myself with as perfect satisfaction; and my wife says she likes Mrs Chase's Buck-wheat Short-cake better than the griddle cake, and It is not half the trouble to make it. A. French, of Jackson, O., says: — Having cured many horses of Spavin and Big- head with a preparation similar to Dr. Chase's Ring-bone and Spavin Cure, I am free to say that this recipe is worth more than the whole pnce of the book to all who are dealing in horses. It also cures curbs, callouses, i.jflammaaons, etc., etc., and this I know from twenty years experience in staging. J. M. Lowry, of Pomeroy, O., says : — I have successfully treated more than 25 cases of bots, with Dr. Chase's remedy for that disease. W. W. Robbins, of Milwood, O., says : — I purchased one of Dr. Chase's books about two years ago, and have used a number of the recipes, and I find all 1 have tried give entire satisfaction ; and I now want your last edition. E. L. Burton, a glove manufacturer, at Gloversville, N. Y., sajrs:— I have never known any preparation for removing paint from clothes equal to Dr. Chase's Renovating Mixture, From experience. Hiram Sisson, an old farrier and farmer, of Crown Point, Essex county, N. Y., says :— I have used Dr. Chase's Kitridge and Green Ointments for several years, oa human flesh and on horses, in bruises and deep sores, with better success than any other preparation which I have ever used, and know they are no humbug, but are wortKy ol very great confidence. References. 15 Hlnun Storma, dj^er and manufacturer, at Ann Atbor, Augfust 6, 1859, says : — I have examined and revised Dr. Chase's Coloring recipes, and am satisfied that tliey are practical and good. I have also furnished him with some valuable recipes in that line. " Dr. Chase's Recipes; or, Information for Everybody," a work of 384 pages, now passing through our press, treating upon some four hundred different subjects — over eight hundred recipes — being interspersed with sufficient wit and wisdom to make it interesting as a general readmg book, besides the fact that it embraces only such sub- jects as have a practical adaptaoility to " Everybody's " every-day use, makes it certain y worthy of universal favor. From the Author's great care and watchfulness in person- ally supervising its preparation for stereotyping, and from the correctness of its general teachings, after examination of the proof slieets, tc< _/f^/ satisjied that no person -will regret its purchase. As it is sold only by traveling agents, and only one agent in a , county, none, who can possibly avoid it, should allow the work to pass without obtain- ing a copy. It is only necessary to examine the ' Descriptive Circular," to satisfy every reasonable person of the truth of our statements.— ^yracj/.?? Journal, N. 1'. John A Stanley, of Fountain Creek, Tenn., writing September 13, 1S70, says : — I was cured of fever sores often years' standing, on my foot and right arm, by your Green Salve. Mr. E. U. Osgood, of South Vineland, says: — I have one of your Recipe Books, and you can judge how highly I value it when I tell you I paid away every cent I had to fet it. My wife told me we could not afford it, but I told her that we could not afford to o without it. I have not changed my mind yet — would not part with it for $500, if I tould not get another. L. S. Mason, of Sacramento, Cal., writes February 19,1870: — R. A. Beal : Dear *ir, — I have seen your circular and book of recipes. A friend of mine. Dr. Brown, c ys it is the best book of the kind he ever saw. Says he would not be without one if it tust him $10. I am so pleased with it that I wish to aid in its sale. It is a book that «v 11 never wear out. Mrs. Clapp, of the Golden Eagle Hotel, Grass Valley, says she puts up all her fruit, vegetables, meats, preserves, and eatables by your book, and never las known any one of the recipes to fail. Charlie Williams, of Warrensburg, Pa., writing July 20,1871, says: — R. A. Beal: bwar Sir, — I can not say one-half I desire in praise of your great work; but speaking ^ >m experience, I can say that it has saved my life. In 1866 I was at Tyrone, Blair ix> jnty. Fa., and was greatly annoyed by a large goiter or tumor, as Dr. Pancost called 't, the same as Bronchocele in your book. I had doctored for several months and spent \l^nost all my means, and despaired of a cure, when I was informed of Dr. Pancost's utility to cure such cases, and that he was at the head of his profession in this country. Iliad very little means, but procured a pass to go to Philadelphia and see this noted lector. I spent five days there, and he probed it several times before his students, but »t last gave it up. It grew very large, on the right side of my neck. Two years after I nad almost become useless with it, when a gentleman on a train between Detroit and Ciiicago told me that if I would stop with him he would give me a recipe to cure it. I (^bd very little faith in his recipe, but as it would cost me nothing to stop off and get it, V did so. He went to a certain book and read from it, and I copied it down. It was the only thing that ever did nie any good. I continued to use it for ten weeks, and the f-\>tlling disappeared, and has never troubled me since. Several months afterwards I ^>and that it was the recipe for Bronchocele in your valuable book. G. D. Curtis, of Montrose, Iowa, says :— I feel interested in the sale of your work oa account of the good it has done us. By it we saved the life of one of our children Ihat was poisoned hy eating a colored card that came off from dry goods. Our family plivsician, on arriving at a late hour, told us \te had saved the life of our child by the book, for it would have been dead long before he arrived had we not happened to have th« liook and used the remedy promptly. SPECIAL INDEX TO REVISED AND EN- LARGED EDITION OF 1900. A Almond Cake 532A Amber, Artificial 40A Angustura Bitters 40D Angel Cake 532A Attar of Roses 508A Ayers' Sarsaparilla GG8 B Bagholder. A Capital 652 Banana Fritters 532C Basket for Barn Use 651 Bay Rum 508A Beef or Hog Raiser 657 Beef Rack for Butchering 652 Beef Iron and Wine 668 Boat or Scow for Fishing. . . . 655 Beverages 40D Bicycles, Enamel for 40A Biscuit 532C Blackboard or Slate, Dressing for 659 Blacking for Shoes 40D Breakfast and Tea Cakes 532C Butterine, To Manufacture... 40A C Carbon Paper 40C Cast Iron, To Preserve 661 Catarrh Remedy, Sage's 688 Celluloid Goods. To Clean.... 600A Cement, Chinese 600R Cement for Leather Shoes, etc 600B Chewing Gum 40A Chocolate Cake 532A Cider, To Preserve 40D Cigars, Flavoring for 40A Cleansing, Renovating, etc. . . 6ii(iA Cocoanut Layer Cake 532 A Cod Liver Oil Emulsion 668 Coffee Substitutes 40D Coloring for Cheese or Butter. 40 A Complexion Powders 5()8B Coop Made from a Barrel .... 652 Corns to Cure 668 Cottolene and Cottosuet 40A Cow. To Prevent from Sucking Herself 652 Cream Filling for Layer Cake. 532 A D Dentifrice 50SB Diamond Cement 600B Disinfectants : 668 Dressing for Tan Shoes 662 Drying Rack Made of a Wheel . 657 E Egg Carrier, An Ingenious. . . . 653 Eggs, To Preserve 659 Enamel Black 40A Engravings, To Clean 600B F Feeding Rack for Sheep 653 Fence Posts. Everlasting 660 Fillers for Wood 40A Fig Cake 532B Fire Extinguisher, Babcock's.. 6.59 Fireproofing 660 Flowers, To preserve Natural Color 661 Fly Poison 4OA Fly Paper, Sticky 40A Frost bites 668 Frosting for Cake 532B G Glue or Mucilage 40C Gold, Artificial 4<;A Grafting Wa$ 660 Grass or Weeds, in Paths. To Kill ■ 661 Grasses, To Crystalize 661 Grindstone Box 649 Gun Cotton 40B H Harness Clamp 657 Harness Dressing 660 Hay Gatherer 657 Headache Cure 668 Hcktograph Ink 40B Hektograph 40B Hooking Cow, To Prevent Her Doing Damage 651 Honey, Artificial 40B Hostetter's Bitters. . 669 Horse Breaking, Appliance for. 658 I Ink for Drawing 40Tr Ink for Rubber Stamps 40E Ink Eraser 661 Ink. Faded. To Restore 661 Ink Powder 40B Ink, Cheap 40B Ink, Sympathetic 661 Insects, To Expel 661 Ivory, Artificial 40B J Japanning 40C K Knots, Splices, Rigger's Tackle 663. 665 L Laces to Wash 661 Lacquer for Iron 40C Ladder for Fruit Picking. . . . 655 Land Roller, Home-Made. . . . . 6.55 Lard Compound 40C Layer Cake Filling 532B Leveling with a Steel Square. . 651 Locusts and Grasshoppers, Trap for 651 Log, To Test Soundness of. . . 662 special Index. 15B MaccardotiB 532B Mayonaise Dressiiig 532G Measurer for Land 657 Mice, To Drive Away 661 Milking Stool 649 Mirrors and Window Glass, To Clean 600B Moles to Remove 508A Mosquitoes, To Drive Away 661 Musuroom Catsup 532G Mustard, Soyer's 532G Mustiness in Casks, To Pre- vent 661 N NeatBfootOIl 40C Nest for Egg Eating Hen.s 649 Nests for Setting Elens.. 651 O Oleomargarine, To Manufacture.. 40A Ottawa Beer 40D P Papier Mache 40C Paste for Paper Hanging 661 Perfumes, To Extract 508A Pierce's (Dr.) Golden Medical Discovery 669 Picalili 532G Picket Fence, Hen-Tight 649 Picture Frames, Composition for 40A Plaster Casts, to Bronze 662 Polish for Shirt Fronts 662 Portland Cement 600B Posts and Stakes, To Drive, Easy Method . 652 Potato Screen, Convenient 653 Potato Starch ... 40C Potatoes, To Preserve 662 Preservative for Meats 532Q Printers' Rollers 40C Printing Ink, To Erase 661 Probang, Use of 658 Puddings and Sauces 532D, 532E Putty. Old, To Remove 662 B Rabbit Trap 653 Rain Gauge, Simple 653 Rat Guard 652 Rat Trap, Ingenious 651 Rats, To Drive Away 662 Rocks. To Break Easily 662 Roofing, Fireproof 40C Root Cutter, A Home-Made 653 Rubber Goods, To Restore Elas- ticity 662 Rubber Stamp Pad 40D Rust on Machinery, Etc., to Pre- vent 662 Rust Spots, To Remove 6U0B S Sachet Powders 508A Sailors' Knots, Splices, Rigger's Tackle, etc 663, 664, 665 Salad Dressing 532G Sap Bucket, Cover for 649 Saratoga Chips 532D Sarsaparilla Mead. 40D Sawbuck for Long Poles 652 Sauces for Puddings, etc 532^ Sauces for Meats 532G Sea Shells, To Color 662 Sheep, Tagging Table for 653 Shoes or Leather, To Water- proof 662 Shortcakes, Strawberry, etc 532D Sidewalks, Artificial Stone 600B Silver, To Clean 600B Sozodont 508A Spalding's Glue 600C Springs in Pasture, To Protect... 658 Sponge Drops 532B Spice Cake 532A Stammering, To Cure 662 Starch, Potato 40 C Stainti for Furniture 40D Stone, Artificial 6008 Stratina 600C Stump Puller 651 Stumps, To Destroy 662 Summer Cholera Mixture 668 T Tar and Grease, To Remove 600B Toilet Preparations 508A Toilet Waters and Lotions 508B Tracingj Paper 40C V Vichy Water 40D Velvet, To Clean 6OOD Ventilators for Fodder Shock 657 W Wallpaper, To Clean 600B Walnut Catsup 532G Warner's Safe Cure 669 Well Curbing, Cheap 652 Wedding Cake .532 B Wheelbarrow for Stable 653 Wheels for Trucks, etc., Home- made 652 Window Glass, To Clean 6000 Worcestershire Sauce 532G Z Zinc, ToClean 600B GENERAL INDE:S BY THE PUBLISHER, -A. Abdominal Rupture ». . . . 188-190 Abortion, Treatment of 287-289 Abscess, Treatment of. 290 Abstinence 408 Abbreviations, Medical 589 Accidents 384, 396, 406 Accidents, to Prevent 391-100 Accidents, in Carriages 392 Accidents, of Fire 393 Accidents, of Swimming 394 Accidents, what to do 399 Advice, to Mothers.... 422-426; 429-439 Advice, to Young Ladies 576-580 After-Birth 290 After- Pains 290 Ague Medicines 72-74 Agge, Pills, Bitters, Powders 73 Auue Mixture, without Quinine... 73 Ague, Cured by Clairvoyant 73 Ague, Cured for a Penny 73 Ague Anodyne 74 Ague 191 Alie, Home Brewed 51 Ale, to Prevent Flatness 51 Alcohol, In Medicines 71,80 Alterative, for Skin Diseases 85 AlterativeSyrupor Blood Purlfyer 125 Alterative, very Strong : . . 125 Alterative Cathartic, Tonic 125 Alterative Pills and Syrup. 330 Amusements fob the Young : Hunt the Slipper.— Blind Man's Buff.— Hide and Seek. —Beans are Hot. — Oranges and Lemons. — My Lady's Toilet.— The Post.Kiss in the Ring. — Copenhagen.— Questions and Answers.— Put in a Word.— Queen Ann and her Maids. — Spat them Out.— Buzz. - Twirl the Trencher.— Hunt the Ri ng.— Here I Bake, Here 1 Brew. —Chasing the Deer.— Hold Fast and Let Go.— I Spy.— t^ly Away Sparrow.— Shadow Buff.— Blind Man's Wand.— Lawyer.— Conse- quences.— How Do You Like It. — Fox and Geese. -Confidante.— The Game of Twenty Questions. —Crying Forfeits.- Ransom for Forfeits.— Croquet 628-638 Almonds, Blanened . 534 Almonds, Pounding 56&- Anodynes .. 118 Anodyne, Godfry's Oirdial 118 Anodyne, Fomentations 328 Anodyne, Plaster, pawder 329 Anti- Bullous Pill 329 Anti-Cholera Drops 329 Antimonial Wine 329 Anti-Spiismodio Tincture 329 Anti-Spasmodic Clystei- a29 Ants 329 Annotta, to Prepare 598 Apparatus for Making Salves 148 Apoplexy, Treatment of. 184,, 38T Aperient vfiyiure 329, 330. 370 Aperient for Children, etc . . 329, 330, 371 Aperient, Pill and Tonic 330, 371 Appolilb 413 Apples, to Boil 629 Apple Fritters, etc 530-533 Apple Merange 53f A'pple Snow Balls 53J Apple Marmalade 53)' Artiflcial Skin 168 Armpits, Wash for 51? Arrow-root Jelley, etc 53? Asthma Remedies 122, 12^ Asthma, Treatment of 185, 18fc Atrophy 18* Author's Preface. . . , f Baking Powders 3S;526 Barber's Itch, to Cure 163 Balsam, Indian Healing 16;S Balsam, for Cuts, Bruises, etc 163 Baldness, toCure 194, 195 Baldness, to Prevent 194 Bathing 408 Balm of a Thousand Flowers 508 Bandoline 512 Beer, Root— Lemon— ,Spruce 49 Beer, Ginger— Corn— Qas ... 50 Beer, English, strong 51 Beer, Bran, Ginger.. «5.3. 64 Beer, Powders 65 Beer, to Bottle, ?nd fine 68 Bee Stings, to Cur© 201 Bedsores 285 Beef T-oH 534 Bee-Reeping .. 6S&-646 General Index t7 •■b-Kkkpino— Fundamental Points in— What Constitutes a Swarm— Descrip- tion of the Queen— The age of the Queen — Depositing the Egg — Hatching — Impregnation of the Queen — Wailings of the Queen— Worker Bee — Drone- Procuring Bees to Stock an Api- ary — Swarming— Method of Hiv- ing— Loss of the Queen— Winter- ing Bees— Enemies of Bees- Diseases of Bees— Foul Brood- Feeding Bees— Water for Bees- Robbing among Bees — The Italian Bee— Purity of Stock- Rearing Italian Queens— Intro- ducing the Queen— The Hive— The Apiary — Stands for Hives— Transferring- Conclusion .... 639-648 Bitters, Stomach 60 Bitters, Tonic 335 Birth, Premature 302 Biting the Nails B17 Bites, of Reptiles 400 Blackberry, Cultivation of 58 Blackberry Brandy 62 Blackberry Syrup- Cordial 334 Blsulder, Inflammation of. 191 Black Eye, to remove 199 Black Salve 335 Black Draught 371 Blacking, Waterproof 451 Bleeding, to Stop 165,198,335 Bleeding, at Nose 198, 386 IJlood-Root Tincture 96 Blood-Root, in Bronchitis, Catarrh, Asthma, Croup, Diphtheria, Scar- latina, Rheumatism, Liver Dis- eases, etc 3c»-333 elood- Root, Preparation of 333 Bloody Flux 334 Blotches, to Remove 334 Blotched Face, Wash 509, 517 Blisters, Uses and Abuses 430 Blisters, Liquid, Horse 498 Blueing, Liquid 553 Blue Vat, to make 600 Bottling Liquors, Wines, etc 68 Bottles, to Clean 70 Bologna Sausage 70 Boils, toCure 199 Boneset, Properties of 334 Body, in Flames 384 Box-Metal, to make 472 Bots, to Cure 479, 496 Boilers, to Prevent Lime 574 Boilers, to Prevent Exploding 574 Breath, Impure,to Cure, 195. 278, 292, 514 Bright's Disease 195 Bronchitis, Treatment of 196, 197 Brain, Inflammation of. 198 Brain, Compression ot 386 Breathing, Diflicult 256, 292 Bread, to Fry 530 Bread, to Make 524, 526, 534 Bread, Corn, Graham 538 Brandy, Blackberry, Cherry 63 Bronchocele 166, 229 Breasts, Inflammation of 291 Breasts, Hard 292 Bronchial Troches 334 Brown Ointment....... 334 Broken Limbs, Horses 486 Butter, to Preserve 31, 546 Butter, Making and Storing 32 Burning Fluid, to Make 85 Burns, Remedies for, 99, 100, 192, 194,384 Bunions, to Cure 202 Butten Farcen 499 Buns, Lemon, Bath 634 Business, Laws and Maxims 582 Bug Poisons 683 Candy, White, to make 47 Candy, Molasses 47 ' Candy, Action of on Teeth 48 'Casks, to Sweeten 68 CatarrhSnuff 87 Catarrh 203 Cancers, Treatment of. . . . 87-92, 204. 205 Cathartic Syrup . . ., 96 Cathartic Bitters 125 Cathartics 158 Cathartic Powders b89 Camphor Ice 39 Canker Tea 153 Carminatives 156 Carbuncle, to Cure 199 •iJatnip, Properties of 338 Camomile, Properties of 337 Calomel, its Use and Abuse 429 Case-Hardening Locks 474 Cakes, Various, to make, 518-523, 535. 536 Cake, Table, 15 kinds 521 Cake, Buckwheat 524 Cake, Yeast 624 Cake, Cream 534 Cakes, Icing for 523, 535 Cake, Browning for 535 Carpets, to Clean 547 Carpets, c heap, to Make 675 Candles, to Make 557 Catsup, to Make 562 Catechu, to Prepare 599 Cements, Various 564,565,583 Champagne, Sham 63 Champagne, Summer 66 Champagne Cider . 65 Chapped Hands, to Cure 203 Chapped Lips, to Cure 203 Charcoal Medicine 388 Cherry Brandy 62 Cheese, Cream 5-34 Chills, Congestive 79 Chillblalns, to Cure 101, 208,209 Child-Birth, or Labor 294-297 Chicken Pox 317 Children, Diseases of 310 Children, Advice About 311-814 Children, Cooking for 314-317 Children, Discipline of 317 China and Glassware, to Clean.... 546 Chlorosis 299 Cholera Tincture 153 Cholera, Remedies for 154, 155 Cholera Morbus, Cholera, etc. . 156, 166 Cholera, Treatment of 214-218 Cholera, Rules to Prevent 414 Choking 386 Cholic,ln Horses 479 Cider, Arlificial 41 Cider, to Bottle 41,66,68 Cider to Keep In Barrels 4^ i8 General Index. dder, to Keep Sweet 42, 43 Cider, Champagne 65 Cider - ^65 Cisterns, Capacity of oo6 Cleanliness 409, 4U Clothes, to Renovate 506 Counterfeit Money, to Detect 36 Coffee, Soot 74 Coffee, to Make 575 Coffee, Turkish mode 541 Congestive Chill xx-^^ J? Costiveness, to Cure 92, 209, 211 Corns, to Cure 102, 200 Corns, on Horses 498 Cod Liver Oil 106 Consumption.Treatmentand Rem- edies 107-112, 211-213 Cordial, Godfrey's 118 Composition Powder 123, 339 Cough Remedies 336, 338 Cough Lozenges 147 Cough, Mixture, Candy, Syrup..,. 148 Cough, Tincture, Pill 149 Cough, Whooping 149 Col1h»s. Etching and rj^wding 461 Gloves, Kid, To Clean. 5i2 Gleet, Nasal, Horses 495 Gold Lacquer, for Tin 471 Gout, Chronic, To Cure 93 Godfrey's Cordial 118 Goitre, Treatment of 166, 229 Gravel, Remedies for 230 Gravel, Drops for 98 Green Sickness 299 Green Ointment 345 Gregory's Powders 345 Grease Heel, To Cure 487, 495 Grease Spots on Silk, To Remove.. 552 Grease Spots, To Remove 685 Groggy Knees, Horses 496 Graham Bread, To Make 538 Grammar in Rhyme 580 Gun Barrels, To Brown 474 Hanging 387, 406 Hair Dye 504 Hair Restoratives 504 Hair Invigorator 605,511 Hair Oils, To Make . 507, 512 Hair, Superfluous, To Remove 510, 514 Hair Wash 512, 517 Hair, To Make Curl 514 Hair Brushes, To Clean 515, 586 Hands, To Whiten 511, 516 Hams, To Cure 548 Hams, To Keep .549 Headaclie, Sick, To Cure 95 Headache, Periodical 96 Headache Drops 98 Hemorrhages, Uterine 81 Hemorrhages 385, 386 Heartburn, To Cure 231, 419 Heart, Palpitation of. 349 Health, Rules to Pre- serve 408, 415, 417-419 Health In Youth 414 Herbs for Dyspepsia 346 Herbs for Various Diseases 347 Heaves, Treatment of 488 Hiccough, To Cure 235 Hoarseness from Cough 150 Honey, Artificial 38, 531 Honey, Domestic 39 Honey, Excellent 89 Hoof Ail in Sheep 490 Hoof Ointment, etc 494 Horse, Cut of 478 Horse, Name of Parts 478 Horse Ointment 485, 492 Horse Liniment 485 Horse Supporting Apparatus 486 Horses, To Tame 490, 498 Horses, English Recipes 492 Horses, Purge for , 492 Horses, Cordial for 492 Horses, Sore Back, To Cure 492 Horses, To Water 492 Horses, To Manage 492 Horses, Hoof-bound 494 Horses, Sore Mouth 496 Horses, To Make Get up and Haul. 499 Horses, To Sh e 489 Horses, Broken Limbs 485 House Leek, Properties of 345 Household, Management of. . . 542, 653 House Cleaning 547 so General Index. Houses— Gravel— stucco 6«7, 568 Uydrophobia, Cure for, 132-134, 232, 235 Hysteria, Treatment of 892, 293 I Ice-Cream, To Make 64, 66 Ice-Cream, Very Cheap 54 Ice-Cream, Strawberry— Rasp- berry 66, 67 Ice, To Make 68, 69 Illustrations, Index to 24 Imperial Drops, for Gravel and Kidney Complaints 98 Ink, Black Copying 37 Ink, To Make,Black —Red 37 Ink— Blue— Indelible 38 Ink, To Remove 651, 552 Index to Departments 24 Index to Illustrations 24 Index, General 16—24 Inflammatory Diseases 167,177 Inflammation of Throat 84 Inflammation of Lungs. .. 175, 177, 238 Indigestion, Treatment ot 236 Inhaler, Cut of. 348 Inhalation 348 Infants, Management of. 426-429 Indigo Extract, To Make 592 Interest, To Compute 35 Interest Rates in diflterent States. . 601 Interest Tables, Explanation of. . . 601 Interest Tables 602-606 Irritating Plaster 127, 235 Irritation in Children 431 Irritation, Special. 432 Iron, Black Polish for 4tj6 Iron, To W-ild 466 Iron, Poor, To Improve 466 Iron, To Prevent welding 468 Iron, To Case-harden 469 Iron, Wrought, To Case-harden — 469 Iron, To Soften 469 Iron Mold, To Remove 549 Iron Stains on Marble, To Remove 551 Itching Feet from Frost Bites 100 Itch, To Cure 163, 235 cr Jaundice, Dr. Peabody's Cure 116 Jaundice, Drink for 116 Jaundice, Treatment of. 239, 240 Japan Flow, for Tin 471 Jam, To Make 531 Jellies, To Make 531, 533, 538 Jellies, without Fruit 39 Jewelry, To Clean 477 Kettles, To Keep from Furring 549 King of Oils, for Neuralgia 160 Kidney Disease, Horses 495 Kid Gloves, To Clean 512 Knees, Broken, Horses 497 Knife-Handles, To Fasten 549 li Laryngitis 84 Laudanum lis t^t)Oror Cbliabirth a94-iJW Lacquer, Gold, for Tin 47V Lacquer for Brass 47> Lampers, To Cure 499 Leather, To Clean 549 Lemonade, To Carry in Pocket 48 Lemonade, To Make 65 Lemonade, M ilk 65 Lemonade for Fever Patients 80 Lemon Whey 539 Leucorrhea, Injection for 182 Liniment, Good Samaritan 103 Liniment for Old Sores 103 Liniment, Dr. Raymond's 103 ^ Liniment, Electro-Magnetic 104 Liniment for Spinal Affection* 104 Liniment, Great London 104 Liniment, Gum. Patent. 104 Liniment, Lobelia and Cayenne. .. 105 Liniment, St. John's 105 Liniments, Various 869 Liniment. Black 496 Liniment, Lime 359, 34€ Liniment, Iodine, Horse , 497 Liver, Inflammation of... 128, 240, 242 Liver Complaint 2rK) Liver Pill 128, 129. 24S Lime Water a46 Lightning and Sun Stroke. . . . 387, 40< Locked Jaw 231 Longing 291^' Lobelia, Properties of. 34* Logwood, Properties Of 344 Lotions, Various . 361 Lovers' Knots 531 Looking-Glasses, To Clean 548 Lungs, Inflammation of. .. 175-177, 238 Lungs, To Ascertain the State of. . . 41V Lung Fever, Horses ^ Mad Dog, Bite of, (See Hydrophobifc. Masturbation,, (See Spermatorrhea.) Mange and Surfeit 4* Magic Paper 66|i Marble, To Clean 56( Magnetic Ointment lli Marble, Imitation of 56f Marble, To Polish 6a Matches, Percussion 57) Manners, Hints upon 618-62" Mead, Metheglin, To Make... 65 Menses, Obstructed 29f Menstruation 298-30L Menstruation, Painful, Immoder- ate 305. Menstruation, Suppression of.. 304-306 Measles, Treatment of 319, 320 Meals, To Regulate 419-421 Meat, To Cure 550, 558, 561 Medicines, Preparation of 371-374 Medicines-, Precautions in Giving, 374 Medicines, To Prevent Taste of . . . . 37J Medicine, Doses for Diflferent Ages 375, Sfeo Milk Fever 296 Mixtures, Various 361 Milk Leg, Horses 4^ Milk, To Preserve 5« Mill Picks, To Sharpen 4W Mill Picks. To Temper 4OT Mildew, To Remove 64ft '&t Mouth Glvie *• General Index. 21 golafises Candy, To MAlr- 80 Tonic Bitters 335 Tonsils, Enlarged, To Cure 94 Tongue, Tied, To Remove 326 Toast, To Make 530 loilet, Roman Lady's 515 Toilet, Young Lady's 515 Tripe, To Pickle 46 Truss Springs, To Make 470 Typhus Fever, To Prevent Infec- > tion tA TyphusFever 27o| TJ Ulcer, Treatment of 275 Urine, Suppression of 277 Urine, liloody 276 Urine, Hot, Scalding 276 Urine, Involuntary 275 Urinary Decoction 277 Uterine Hemorrhage 81 Uterus, Inversion of 307 Vapors— Low Spirits 279, 280 Vapor Bath 285 Vaccination 327 Varnish , Black, for Shoes 452 Varnish for Harness 452 Varnish for Iron 466 Varnish, Black 471 Varnish and Polish 475 Varnishes 502, 603 Vermifuge Lozenges 142 Vermifuge Oil 143 Velvet, Flushed, To Restore 553 Vinegar, To Make— Eight Pro- cesses 25-31 Vinegar Generator 28 Vinegar, Cheap and Good 70 Vomiting, To Stop 278 Water, Ice— Raspberry -Orange... 67 Water, Ice— Strawberry— Lemon.. 67 Water Brash, To Cure 285 Water P'arcey '. 499 Waters, Medicated 532 Water, To Purify - 553 Water, To Soften 553 Water Filter 563 Warts, To Cure 102, 284 Warts on Horses 496 Walking 412 Washing Made Easy 517, 553 Washing Bed Clothes 553 Washing Fluid 554 Wens, To Cure 165, 286 Weather, Signs of 588 Weather and Blood 412 Weaning 449 Wetting the Bed 449 Welding Iron 466, 469 Welding, To Prevent.... 468 Weeds, To Destroy 564 Weights for Bushel of Grain 588 Whooping Cough 149, 3l8 White Swellings 881 Whites, The 30^,309 H General Index. Whitewash, To Make 669 Wind in the Stemaoh 286 Wines— Currant, Cherry, etc. 64, 66, 62 Wines, Rhubarb or Patent 55 Wine, Tomato 56 Wine, White Currant— Ginger 57 Wine, Blackberry 68, 62 Wlne,Port 58 Wine, Cider and Grape 59 Wine, Coloring for 60 Wine, Apple 62 Wine, To Bottle and Fine 68 Wine, Febrifuge 74 Wine Tincture, Tonic 74 Worm Tea 144 Worm Cake 144 Worms, Remedies for 281, 283 Worm Fever 282 Worm Seeds— Syrvgj 283 WormPowders 353 Worms in Horaes 497 Wounds, Treatment of. 383, 388 Wounds, Balsam for 486,498 Wool, To Cleanse ...-. .. 602 Womb, Diseases of -e? . 303-310 Womb, Inflammation of 30d Womb, Retroversion of. 308 Womb, Polypi of 308 Womb, Dropsy of 308 Yarrow, Properties of 283 Yeast, Hop 53 Yeast, Bakers' 53 Yeast, Jug, without Yeast to Start with 53 Yeast Cake 54, 524 Yeast, Potato 540 Yellow Fever, Treatment of 283 Yellow Dock, Properties of. 355 Yellow Water, Horses 496 mSiEX TO DEPARTMENTS. Merchants' and Grocers'. ... 35-40 Saloon '. . . . 41-61 Saloon— Appendix 62-70 Medical 71-183 Medical— Appendix 184-450 Accidents and Emergencies, 384-407 Rules for Preservation of Health 408-421 Advice to Mothers 422-450 Tanners, Shoe and Harness Makers' 451-456 Painters' 457-464 Blacksmiths' 465-470 Tinners' 471-473 Gunsmiths' 474-475 Jewellers' 476-477 Farriers' 478-491 Farriers'— Appendix 492-499 Cabinet Makers' 500-503 Barbers' and Toilet 504-508 Barbers' and Toilet— Appendix 509-517 Bakers' and Cooking 518-533 Bakers' and Cooking— Appen- dix 533-653 Hints on Housekeeping 542-553 Miscellaneous 554-581 Miscellaneous— Appendix 582-588 Coloring...., 590-595 Coloring— Appendix 596-60t» Interest 601-606 Glossorial • 607-617 Hints upon Ktiquette and Per- sonal Manners 617-62? Amusements and Indoor Games 628-638 Bce-Keeping 639-648 INDEX TO ILLUSTfiATIONS. Author's Portrait 1 Apparatus for Supporting Lame Animals 486 Courier Steam Printing House — 2 Lislocated Shoulder 402 Drone Bee 641 Form of Lettering Door Plate — 461 Inhaler 348 Match Splitting Machine 573 Lee, in Dislocated Hip 403 Miller and Worm 646 Movable Comb Hive 644 Name and Situation of External parts of a Horse 478 Ovaries of Queen Bee 640 Painters Sanding Apparatus 458 Queen Bee 639 Reducing Dislocated Shoulder.... 402 Keducmg Dislocated Jaw 404 Salve and lozenge Apparatus — 141 Shilling Battery 476 Section of Comb, Showing Honey, Bee-Bread, Brood and Queen Cells 640 Truss Spring 470 Michigan Uuivftr<»lty Hall 3 Vinegar Generator W Worker Bee - -- S41 DP. CHASE'S PECIPES MERCHANTS' AND GROCERS* DEPARTMENT. VINEGAR. — Merchants and grocers wlio retail vinegar should always have it made under their own eye, if possible, fiiom the fact that so many unprincipled men enter into its manufacture, as it affords such a large profit. And I would further remark, that th^re is hardly any article of domestic use, upon which the mass of the people have as little correct information as upon the subject of making vinegar. I shall be brief in my remarks upon the different points of the subject, yet I shall give all the knowl- edge necessary, that families or those wtishing to manufacture, may be aJble to have the best article, and at moderate figures. Remember this fact — That vinegar must have air as well as warmth, and especially is this necessary if you diesire to make it in a short space of time. And if at any time it seems to be "Dy- ing," as is usually called, add molasses, sugar, alcohol, or cider — whichever article you are making from, or prefer — for vinegar is an industrious fellow; he will either work or die, and when he begins to die you may know he has worked up all the material in his shop, and wants more. Remember this in all vinegars, and they will never die, if they have air. First, then, upon a small scale, for family use: To Make in Three Weeks. — Molasses, 1 qt; yeast, 1 pt; warm rain water, 3 gals. Put all into a jug or keg, and tie a piece of gauze over the bung to keep out files and let in air. In hot weather set it in the sun; in cold weather set it by the stove or in the chimney-corner, and in three weeks you will have good vinegar. When this is getting low, pour out some for use, and fill up the jug in the proportion as at first, and you will never have trou- ble for want of good vinegar. 2. A correspondent of the Dollar Newspaper says: "The cheapest mode of making good vinegar is to mix 5 qts. of warm rain water with two qts. of Orleans molasses, and 4 qts. of yeast. In a few weeks you will have the best vine- gar you ever tasted." He migh*. well say "The best vinegar you ever tasted," for i*"- would have dou'ble the necessary 26 Dr. Chase's Recipes. strength, and three or four times the strength of much tnat is sold-, yet this strength would cost less to make, than to buy by the quart. 3. In Barrels, Without Trouble. — Merchants and grocers, who retail vinegar, can always keep a good supply on hand by having about two or three barrels out of which to sell, by filling the first one they sell out, before quite empty, with Molasses, 1 gal. ; soft water 11 gals. Keeping this proportion to fill the barrel ; the vinegat^ and mother which is left in the barrel, makes it work mucli quicker than if put into empty barrels; so pass around to the next barrel as it is nearly out, having three barrels, and unless you sell more than a barrel a week, you need never be out of vinegar. Some recommend to use alum, cream-of-tartar, etc., in vinegar, but /say never. It is always advisable to have a hole in the top of the barrel, if standing on end ; if on the side, the bung out and a gauze over it, to keep out flies and let air in. 4. From Sugar, Drippings from Sugar Hogsheads, etc.— Dealers who x'etail molasses, often have from five to rifty pounds oH sugar left in the barrel after selling out the molasses. Each pound ot this, or other sugar, dissolved in two gallons of soft water, makes that amount of good vinegar by either of the above plans. Rinsings ot molasses barrels or drippings of sugar hogsheads, brought to this degree of sweetness, is as good for vinegar as any other material. Small beer, lager beer, ale, etc., which have become sour, make good vinegar by reducing with water; small beer will need but little water; lager beer will need as much water as beer, or a little more; and ale, twice as much water as ale; they will all need yeast, a quart or two to each barrel, unless put into barrels which have some vinegar in them, and it will do no harm, but quicken the process in all cases, if thert is vinegar in the barrel. 5. From Acetic Acid aud Molasses. — Acetic acid, 4 lbs. ; molasses, 1 gal, ; put them into a 40 gallon cask, and fill it up with rainwater; shake it up and let stand from one to three weeks, and the result is good vinegar. If this does not make it as sharp as you like, add a little more molasses. But some will object to this because an acid is used; let me say to such, that acetic acid is concentraUd vinegar. Take one lb. or one pt, or any other quantity of this acid, and add seven times as much soft water, and you have just as good vinegar as can be made from cider and that instantaneously. 6. From Apple Cider. — As there are those who will not have any but cider vinegar, and have plenty of cider out of which to make it, I will give you the best plan of proceeding, for manufacturers : Have a room where it will not freeze; place on end as many barrels or large casks, without heads, to hold as much as you wiA |o Merchants* and Gr&urt* Deparhneni. 2^ make; fill these one-third full of soft water, and the other two-thirds with apple cider; yeast, 2 qts. to each cask. In a few weeks you will have good vinegar; without the yeast it would be all the season in becoming good. Then fill up into barrels for sale, leaving a little, say one-eighth, in the open barrels, and fill them up with water and cider as before, and it will become good much quicker than befoie. If the water is objected to, use the cider without it, but pure cider makes vinegar too strong for any one to use, and requires much longer time in making. These barrels may have boards over them to keep out flies and dirt. If the retailer can give it his attention, by having a barrel of good cider vinegar to sell out of, he «an always keep it up, if, when he draws out two or three gallons of the vinegar, lie will go to his cider, kept for the purpose, and replace the vinegar with the cider; or, if making with molasses and water or any other article, fill up with the same; but take notice, if you forget or neglect, and draw your vinegar nearly all out before you fill in, it ^loes not keep to the point of sharpness desired, unless you have two or three barrels as mentioned in recipe No. 3. Persons who have old sour cider on hand can in this way, or as mentioned in No. G. have good vinegar from it immediately, as it comes around into vinegar much quicker than new cider. 7. In Tiiree Days Without Drugs. — The piillosophy of making vinegar quickly, is this: The means that will expose the largest SBrface of the vinegar fluid, of a certain temperatui*e, to the air, will convert it into vinegar in the shortest time; and as there is no way by whicli so great a surface can be exposed as bj' the shavings process and at the same time control the temperature, that plan has been adopted H9 explained in tiie wood-cut on, the next page, and in the descriptive note : Descriptivb Note. — Those wishing to manufacture, to sell at wholesale, will prepare a tub, or square box, and arrange it ag shown in tlie acconn)anying cut, knowing that the taller and larger the tub, the quicker will the vinegar become good. The air holes are bored through every other, or every third stave, around the whole tub. These holes are to be about one foot or eigliteen inches from the bottom: they must also be bored slanting down as you bore inward, • otherwise the vinegar would run out and waste as it drips down the side or of the tub. Tliese tubs ought to be from ten to twenty feet high, according to the quantity you desire to run off daily. Now take beech, maple or basswood boards — and they are valuable in the ordei' named — cut them off about eighteen inches in length, and plane thick, heavy shavings from the edges; and if they do not roll up and stay in nice rolls, you must roll and tie them up with small cord; or clean corn cobs will do, but they will only last one season, whilst the sliavinga ■mil last several years. If cobs are used, tliey must be' put in lay<"-?. 48 Dr. Chase's Rtcipes. each layer crossing the other, to prevent their packing too close. Then wet or soak them thoroughly in water, and fill up the tub or tubs with them, until you are within two or three feet of the top, at which place you will nail a stout, hoop around, upon the inside of the tub, which shall support the false top, which has been made and fitted for that purpose, through which false top you will have bored good sized gimlet holes about every two inches all over its whole surface, through each of which holes a small cord, about four or five inches in length, is to be drawn, having a knot tied upon its upper end to keep it in its place, and to prevent the vinegar fluid from working out too fast. The size of these holes, and the size of the cord, must be such as to allow the amount of vinegar being made to run through every twelve hours; or, if time can be given to put it up so often, it may run through every six hours. You will cork all around between the false toj) and the tub with cotton, whicli causes the vinegar-fluid, hereafter to be described, to pass through the gimlet holes and drip from thp ends of the small cords, evenly, all over the shavings, otherwise, if the false top was not exactly level, the vinegar fluid would all run offai the lowest point, down the side of the tub, and be a very long time in becoming good, whilst if it drips slowly and all over and down through the shavings; it soon comes around into good vinegar. Tlie hole* Main cover, or loose boards Vlnegai: fluid space False lop, with tubes ; and cords hanging through it Center portion of the tub, which sliould be tilled witli the shapings to within an inch or two of the fal«f> top Holes to let in air. The square projections on the aid* • Merchants' and Grocers' Department. 33 cans or bottles, pouring it around the top of the can cover, and dipping the neck of the bottle into it. A 'patent has been secured for a compo- sition for preserving fruit, of different proportions, however, from the foregoing, but the agent, at the Ohio State Fair in 1859, had such poor success at selling rights at three dollars that he reduced the price to twenty-five cents, and still but few would take hold of it, so that I think that not much more will be done with the patent. I purchased twenty recipes for one dollar, but finding his composition to stick together and tear off pieces wherever they touched each other, I went to work to improve it as above. The patented proportions are, resin, 5 lbs. ; lard or tallow, 8 oz., beeswax, 4 oz. The patentee is John K. Jenkins, of Wyoming, Pa., and the patent was issued Decembers, 1858. It does not work well on peaches or other juicy garden fruits. EGGS — To Preserve for Winter Use. — For every three gallons of ♦vater, put in one pt. of fresh slaked lime, and common salt, %, pt. ; mix well, and let the barrel be about half full of this fluid, then with 0. dish let down your fresh eggs into it, tipping the dish after it fills with water, so they roll out without cracking the shell, for if the shell IS cracked the egg will spoil. If fresh eggs are put in, fresh eggs will come out, as I have seen men who have kept them two, and even four years, at sea. A piece of board may be laid across the top of the eggs, and a little lime and eialt kept upon it, which keeps the fluid as strong at the top as at the bottom. This will not fail you. They must always be kept covered with the brine. Families in towns and cities by this plan can have •jggs for winter use at summer prices. I have put up forty dozen with ^entire success The plan of preserving eggs has undoubtedly come from a patent B«cured by a gentleman in England in 1791, Jaynes, of Sheffield, Yorkshire, which is as follows: 2. English Patented Method.— ''Put into a tub 1 bu., Winches- ter measure, of quick lime, (which is fresh slaked lime,) salt, 32 oz. ; cream-of-tartar, 8 oz. Use as much water as will give that consistency to the composition as will cause an ^gg to swim with its top just above the liquid. Then put and keep the eggs therein, which will preserve them perfectly sound at least 2 years." Persons who think it more safe can follow this English plan. I desire in all cases to givo all the information I have on each subject. Consequently I give you the followi;ig also: 3. J. W. Cooper, M. D.'s, Method of Keeping and Shipping Game Eggs. — '■■ Dissolve some gum shellac in a sufficient quantity of alcohol to make a thin varnish, give each egg a coat, and after they become thoroughly drj% pack them in bran or sawdust, with their points downwards, in such a manner that they cannot shift about. A.f ter you have kept them as long as you desire, wash the varnish 34 Df' Chase' s Recipes. carefully off, and they will be in the same state as they were before packing, ready for eating or hatching." This would seem to be from good authority, as Dr. Cooper has been engaged for the last thirty years in raising nothing but the best game fowls, and he has frequently imported eggs. He invariably directed them to be packed as above, and always had good success with them, notwithstanding the time and distance of the journey. He has also published a work upon Qarm Fowls. His address is Media, Delaware Co., Pa. This last plan would be a little more troublesome, but still would not be very much to prepare all that families would wish to use through the winter, or even for the retailer ; as the convenience of having them in condition to ship would be one inducement to use the last method, for with the first they must be taken out and packed in oats or something of that sort, to ship; with the last they are always ready, and weather permitting, about Christmas or New Tear's, fresh and good eggs in cities always command sutficient price to pay for all trouble and expense in the preservation and shipment. The Sex op Eggs. — Mr. Qenin lately addressed the Academy des Sciences, France, on the subject of the sex of eggs. He affirms that he is now able, after having studied the subject for upwards of three years, to state with assurance that the eggs containing the germ of males, have wrinkles ou their smaller ends, while female eggs are smooth at the extremities. While on the subject of eggs, you will excuse me for putting in a couple of items more which appropriately belong to other depart- ments : 4. To Increase the Laying'. — "For several years past I have spent a few weeks of the latter part of August on the Kennebec River, in Maine. The lady with whom I have stopped is a highly accom- plished and intelligent house-wife. She supports a "hennery," and from her I derived my information in the matter. She told me that for many years she had been in the habit of administering to her hens, with their common food : "Cayenne pepper, pulverized, at the rate of 1 tea-spoon each al- ternate day to one doz. fowls. "Last season, when I was with her, each morning she brought in from twelve to fourteen eggs, having but sixteen hens in all. She again and again experimented in the matter by omitting to feed with the cayenne for two or three days. The consequence invarably was that the product of eggs fell off five or six per day. The same effect of using the cayenne is produced in winter as in summer. — Boston Transcript. 5- To Fry— Extra Nice. — Three eggs; flour, 1 table spioon; milk 1 oup. Merchants* and Grocers^ Department. 35 Beat Ihe eggs and flour together, then stir in the milk. Have a skillet with a proper amount of butter in it, made hot, for frying this mixture; then pour it in, and when one side is done brown, turn it over, cooking rather slowly ; if a larger quantity is needed, it will require a little salt stirred in, but for this amount the salt in the but- ter in which you fry it seasons it very nicely. BURNING FLUID— Best in Use .—Alcohol, of 98 percent., 9pts.; good camphene, 1 qt., or in these proportions. Shake briskly, and it will at once become clear, when without the shaking it would take 6 to 7 qts. of alcohol to cut the camphene, while with the least t is the best. These proportions make the best burning fluid which can be 3ombined. Many put in camphor gum, alum, &c., the first to improve ay wish some one to read hundreds of years to come. Oxalic acid one-fourth oz. was formerly put in, but since the use of steel pens it does not work well on them. If not used as a copying ink, one- fourth the gum or sugar is suflScient, as it flows more freely without them. 2. Common Black. — Logwood chips, 1 lb. ; boil in \%. gals, of water until reduced to 2 qts. ; pour off, and repeat the boiling again as before; mix the two waters, 1 gal. in all; then add bi-chromate of potash, y^ oz. ; prussiate of potash, J^ oz. ; prussiate of iron, (prussian blue) %. oz. ; boil again about five minutes, and strain and bottle for use. You will find none of the gummniess about this ink that is found in that made from the extract of logwood ; yet it is not presumed that this will be as durable as the gall inks, for deeds, records, &c„ &c., but for schools and common use it is as good as the most costly inks. This copy was prepared with it, which was made two years ago. 3. Red— The Very Best. — Take an ounce vial and put into it a tea-spoon of aqua ammonia, gum arable the size of 2 peas, and 6 grs. No. 40 carmhie, and 5 grs. No. 6 or 8 carmine also; fill up with soft water and it is soon ready for use. This forms a beautiful ruling ink. I sold the book in Pike County Bank, 111., from the fact that this ink was so much better than what they could get of any other make. Speaking of banks makes me think of what a gentleman of Michigan City, Ind., told me about a black ink for banking purposes which would never fade, composed of two articles only : Iron or steel filings and simple rain water, exposing it to the sun 38 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. for a good length of time; pale when first written with, but becoming very black. * I have never thought to try it, but now mention it, for it might be good, and lost to the world, unless now thrown to the public. 4. Blue. — Take sulphate of indigo and put it into water untiT you get the desired depth of color; that sold in little xtoxes foi bluing clothes is the article desired. This does well for school children, or any writing not of impor- tance to keep; but for book-keeping it is not good, as tne heat of a safe in a burning building fades away the color. 5. Indelible. — Nitrate of silver, 11 grs. ; dissolve It in 30 grs., (or about a tea-spoon) of water of ammonia; in 85 grs. (or 23^ tea- spoons) of rain water, dissolve 20 grs. of gum arable. When the gum is dissolved put in tlie same vial also 22 grs. of carDonate of soda, (sal-soda.) When all is well dissolved, mix both vials, or their contents, and place the vial containing the mixture in a basin of water, and boil for several minutes, or until a black compound is the result. When cold it is ready for use. Have the linen or other goods starched and ironed, and perfectly dry; then write with a quill pen. If twice the amount is made at a time it will not cost any more, as the expense is only from the trouble of weighing, so little is used of the materials. Soft soap and boiling cannot efface it, nor years of wear. Use onlj' glass ve&'^els. 6. Powder — Black. — Sulphate of copper, 1 dr. ; gum arabic, J^ oz.; copperas 1 07.; nutgalls and extract of logwood 4 ozs. each; all to be pulverized and evenly mixed- — Scientific American. About one oz. of the mixtu'-e will be j-equired to each pint of boiling water used. It will be found a valuable color for boot, shoe or harness-edge, also. It should stand a couple of weeks before using, or it may be steeped a few hours if needed sooner. HONEYS.— Artiflcial Cuba Honey.— Good bi-own sugar, 10 lbs. ; water, 1 qt. ; old bee-bread houej'^ in the comb, 2 lbs. ; cream of tartar, 1 tea-spoon; gum-ai-abic, 1 oz.; oil of peppermint, 3 drops; oil of rose, 2 drops. Mix and boil 2 or 3 minutes, and have ready 1 qt. more of water in which an egg is put well beat up ; pour it in, and as it begins to boil, skim well, remove from the fire, and when a little cool, add 2 lbs. of nice bees' honey, and strain. This is really a nice article, looking and tasting like honey. It has been shipped in large quantities under the name of "Cuba Honey." It will keep any length of time as nice and fresh as when first made, if sealed up. Some persons use a table-spoon of slippery elm bark in this amount, but it will ferment in warm weather, and rise to the top, requiring to be skimmed off. If it is to be used only for eating purposes, the cream -of-tartar and gum-arabic may be left out. ^Isothe old bee-bread honey, substituting for it another pound of nice honey. Merchants' and Grocers' Department. 39 3. Domestic Honey. — Coffee sno:ar, 10 lbs. ; water, 3 lbs. ; cream- Df -tartar, 2 ozs. ; strong vinegar, 2 table-spoons; the white of one q^% well beaten; bees' honey, )^lb. ; Lubin's extract of honeysuckle, 10 'Jrops. First put the sugar and water into a suitable kettle and place upon the fire; and when luke-warm stir in the cream-of -tartar, and vine- gar; then continue to add the egg; and when the sugar is nearly melted put in the honey and stir until it comes to a boil, take it off, let it stand a few minutes, then strain, adding the extract of honeysuckle last, let stand over night, and it is ready for use. This resembles candied honey, and is a nice thing. 3. Excellent Honey. — An article suitable for every-day use is jnade as follows: Good common sugar, 5 lbs. ; water, 1 qt. ; gradually bring it to a tioil, skimming well; when cool, add 1 lb. bees' honey and 4 drops o£ peppermint essence. If you desire a better article, use white sugar and one-half .tint less water and one-half pound more honey. If it is desired to ^Ive it the ropy appearance of bees' honey, put into the water one- lourth ounce of alum. 4. Premium Honey. — Common sugar, 4 lbs. ; water, 1 pt. ; let \hem come to a boil, and skim ; then add pulverized alum, 34 oz. ; lemove from the Are and stir in cream-of-tartar, 1^ oz. ; and water or extract of rose, 1 table-spoon, and it is fit for use. This took the premium at the Ohio State Fair. We use the recipes tor common sugar and the one using Lubin's extract of honeysuckle, 4ud desire nothing better. JELLIES. — Without Frnit. — Take water, 1 pt., and add to it ipulverized alum, j^ oz., and boil a minute or two; then add 4 lbs. of white crushed or coffee sugar, continue the boiling a little, strain while hot ; and when cold put in half of a two shilling bottle of extract of vanilla, strawberry, or lemon, or any other flavor you desire for jelly. This will make a jelly so much resembling that made from the juice of the fruit that any one will be astonished, and when fruit can not be got, it will take its place admirablJ^ I have had neighbors eat of it and be perfectly astonished at its beauty and palatableness. BAKING POWDERS.— Without Drugs Baking soda, 6 ozs.; cream-of-tartar, 8 ozs. ; first dry them from all dampness by putting them on a paper and placing them in the oven for a short time, then mix and keep dry, in bottlea or boxes. The proper amount of this will be about one tea-spoon to each quart of flour being baked. Mix with cold water, and bake immediate- ly. This contains none of the drugs generally used for baking pow- ders ; it is easy made, and does not cost over half as much as to buy them already made. This makes biscuit very nice without milk or shorten- 46 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. ing. Yet if milk is used, of course it would be that much richer. The main object of baking powders is for those who are " keeping batch/ as it is called, or for those who are far from civilized conveniences, and for those who prefer this kind of bread or biscuit to that raised with yeast or sour milk and saleratus. I stand among the latter class. MOUTH GLUE.— For Torn Paper, Notes, &c.— Any quantity of glue may be used, with sugar, only half as much as of the glue First dissolve the glue in water, and carefully evaporate as much of the water as you can without burning the glue; then add the sus^ar: if desired to have a very nice article, use gelatine iii place of the ^:lue, and treat in the same manner; when the sugar is dissolved in the ijlue pour it into moulds or a pan and cut it into squares, for convenience, before it gets too hard. This dissolves very quickly by placing the edge of a piece in the mouth, and is not unpleasant to the taste, and is very handy for office or house use. Use to stick together torn bills, paper, etc., by softening the edge of a piece, as above, then touchin/^ the parts therewith and pressing together for a moiaant only. Manufacturers' and Workshop Recipes. 40A MANUFACTURERS AND WORKSHOP RECIPES. Amber, Artificial. — Dissolve shellac in an alkaline lye; then mix with a solution of chlorine until the lac is entirely precipi- tated. Wash in water and heat gently till it runs clear. It can then be molded. Artificial Gold. — Platinum, 7 parts; copper, 16 parts; zinc, 1 part; fuse together. Said to be best imitation of gold yet dis- covered; resists acido and will not easily tarnish. Cottolene and Cottosuet are made as follows: Cotton oil, 60 lbs.; oleostearine, 40 lbs. Do not bleach, the color should be yellow. Melt together at 180 degrees F. ; mix and filter into cans. Cheese or Butler Coloring. — Potassium carbonate, 1 part; roll annatto, 1 part; digest 1 day in 10 parts water. Filter and add water if necessary. It is perfectly harmless. Composition for Picture Frames, Interior Ornaments, Etc.^ Boil 2 lbs. resin, 1 gill Venice turpentine, 1 pint linseed oil. Dis- solve in another vessel 1 lb. glue in 1 gal. water. Mix all and boil until water is evaporated, then add pow'd whiting until the mass has the consistency of soft putty. Mold while warm. Chewing. Gum. — Melt parafline, with a little olive oil and glycerine together; add a few drops of oil of wintergreen or other suitable flavor. Black Enamel for Bicycles, Etc. — Asphalt, 40 oz.; boiled lin- seed oil, Vz gal.; litharge, 6 oz.; pow'd zinc sulphate, 4 oz.; red lead, 6 oz. Melt the asphalt, add the others; boil 2 hours; stir in 8 oz. fused dark amber gum and 1 pint hot linseed oil; boil 2 hours more. When thickened, remove from the fire, and thin with 1 gal. turpentine. Butterine or Oleomargerine. — Beef suet washed in warm and afterward cold water is melted in a pan at 120 deg. F., then cooled slowly and kept 12 hours at 70 deg. It is then pressed between cloths to remove the stearin or solid part; and the oil (about half of the original suet) is mixed with milk, viz., 20 lbs. oleomar- gerine, 4 qts. milk, 3 qts. water, a little annatto, to color; car- bonate of soda and salt to taste. It is then mixed at a tempera- ture of 70 deg. and cooled on ice. Flavoring for Cigars and Tobacco.— Moisten ordinary cigars with a strong tincture of cascarilla, adding a little gum benzoin and storax. Inferior tobacco may be flavored by using the fol- lowing: 2 oz. cinnamon; 4 oz. tonka beans; 1 qt. rum. Grind fine and macerate. A strong infusion of cascarilla alone also gives an excellent flavoring. Fillers for Wood. — Equal parts Japan, boiled linseed oil and turpentine, and one-half that quantity of dry starch. Mix and apply with sponge or flannel. Dry 48 hours and rub with No. sandpaper. Make second application, and when dry rub with ticking over a block of wood, until the wood is perfectly smooth. Stain and finish up in any desired style. Use no color for oak, Fly Poison. — White arsenic, 1 dram to 1 pt. water. Sweeten with sugar or molosses; place in a saucer. To make fly paper, saturate it in this solution and dry. Sticky Fly Paper. — Boiled linseed oil, 1 fluid dram; resin, % lb. Melt, and add a little honey. Soak the paper in strong alum water, dry, and apply the mixture. 40B Dr. Chase's Recipes. Gun Cotton.— Mix 4% oz. of pure dry nitrate of potash (salt- peter) with 30 fluid drams sulphuric acid (spec. gr. 1.845). Cool thoroughly. Stir into this mixture carefully 120 grains best carded cotton (with a glass tube). In about one minute, if the cotton is thoroughly saturated, remove it and rinse repeatedly until litmus shows no presence of acid; then squeeze in a cloth and pull out well. Dry cautiously at a temperature not more than 140 deg. Fah. Use great caution; it is now explosive. Hektograph or Copying Pad. — For a tin dish 7x11 in., gelatine or glue, 3 oz.; glycerine, 15 oz.; barium sulphate or kaolin (finely powdered), % oz.; water, 11 oz.; oil of cloves, 40 drops. Soak the gelatine over night in cold water, then pour off the excess of water, warm the gelatine in a double kettle, add the glycerine and barium and mix thoroughly, pour in the tin dish and cool; avoid bubbles. Hektograph Ink. — Dissolve 1 oz. violet or blue aniline in 7 oz. hot water, cool, add 1 oz. wine spirits and % oz. glycerine and 1 drop of carbolic acid. Hektograph, to Use. — Moisten slightly with a sponge and dry with a blotter. With a new steel pen write or draw on writing paper with hektograph ink the letter or design, and dry. Place this face downward on the pad; rub gently all over the back to insure perfect contact. After a minute remove and take your copies one after another with hand pressure or a rubber roller. When peeling off copies, grasp a corner. Immediately after each job, wash the surface of the pad lightly with a sponge and cold water, with sometimes a little muriatic acid added to the water. If the surface becomes uneven remelt it and cool. If too sticky, add a little gelatine in remelting. In warm weather use less glycerine. .Drawing Ink, Very Black and Indelible. — Grind a good quality of India ink In a hot solution of shellac dissolved in water and borax. Ink for Rubber Stamps, Rapid Drier. — Crystalized aniline black, % oz. in 15 oz. pure alcohol; add 15 oz. concentrated glycerine. Pour onto the pad or cushion and rub with a brush. Ink Powder — Excellent Article. — 1 lb. nutgalls, 7 oz. copperas, 4 oz. gum arable, 3 powdered cloves. Pulverize and mix. Will make 1 gal. black ink. Dissolve in water, India Ink, Cheap. — Grind fine lampblack and gelatine, scent with camphor or musk essence and mold in sticks. It can be improved by washing the lampblack with a solution of caustic soda and then straining off the solution or drying it out. In Making Inks or Other Colors Than Black. — Use aniline dyea in proportion of 3 or 5 parts to 7 of gelatine. The above may be used for typewriter ribbon (which see). Honey, Artificial. — Light brown or white sugar, 15 lbs.; water, 3 qts.; cream tartar, 60 grains; ess. of rose, 15 drops; ess. of peppermint, 15 drops; honey, 3 lbs. Bring sugar and water to a boil; add the cream tartar, dissolved in water; boil honey slightly and stir all together, then add the essence when cold. For a better quality add more honey. Artificial Ivory. — Four parts sulphuric acid; 50 parts water. Macerate peeled potatoes in the solution 36 hours. Dry the Manufacturers' and Workshop Recipes. 40C mass between blotting paper and subject while in the molds to great pressure. Japanning. — The articles are varnished and then heated to 250 to 300 deg. Fah. This drives off the volatile parts of the varnish and gives a high polish. Lard Compound. — A good imitation. Cotton oil, 60 lbs.; de- odorized hog's fat, 20 lbs.; tallow, 10 lbs.; oleostearine, 10 lbs. Lacquer for Iron, Cheap. — Asphaltum, 10 parts; resin, 3 parts; lampblack, 1 part; petroleum, 25 parts. Mix and set in a warm place for a few days, stirring occasionally until dissolved; then strain. Liquid Glue or Mucilage. — Dissolve 1 part clear glue in 1 part water and 1 part strong vinegar, adding 14 part alcohol and a little alum. Mucilage, Cheap. — Dextrine (British gum) dissolved in hot water to the proper consistency; add a little acetic acid and a few drops of clove oil. ' ' Carbon Paper. — Melt 10 parts of lard, 1 part wax and mix with lampblack to form a soft paste. With a brush saturate one side of unglazed paper. Remove the excess and press. For other colors use the anilines. Tracing Paper. — Saturate thin writing paper with benzine; coat at once with varnish by immersing. To make the varnish use boiled, bleached linseed oil, 20 lbs.; lead shavings, 1 lb.; zinc oxide, 5 lbs.; Venice turpentine, V^ lb. Mix and boil 8 hours. After cooling strain and add 5 lbs. white copal, Y2 lb. gum sandarac. Papier Mache. — Grind waste paper to a fine pulp with lime water and a little gum dextrin. Press it into form in molds; coat with linseed oil; bake with high temperature and varnish. For ornamenting wood, etc., mix the pulp before molding with kaolin, chalk or fresh slacked lime. To waterproof it, add sul- phate of iron, quick lime and glue. Add borax and phosphate of soda to render incombustible. The product is very light and durable. It may be lacquered and decorated after finishing. • Neatsfoot Oil is obtained from boiling the feet of cattle. The feet are boiled and the oil skimmed off. It is refined by filtering. Sometimes the marrow fat of the bones is added. Potato Starch. Grate or grind the tubers to a mush; mix wi,th water in a tub and strain the milky fluid through a cloth. The starch settles to the bottom and may be cleaned by repeating the process and then drying. The residue when boiled can be mixed with the feed of hogs, poultry or cattle. Printers' Rollers. — One part best glue, 1 part con. glycerine. Dissolve the glue in water, in a water bath, and gradually add the glycerine. Boil and stir until water is driven off, then cast in well-oiled brass molds. Another: 8 lbs. glue, 7 lbs. molasses; boil and mold as above. Another: lOi/^ lbs. glue. 2^/^ gals, molasses, 1 lb. India rubber dissolved in old of turpentine, 2 oz. Venice turpentine, 2 oz. glycerine, 4 oz. vinegar. Boil and mold as above. Roofing, Fireproof. — Fifteen pounds sifted unslacked lime, 100 lbs. coal tar. Boil together and apply hot to the surface of the roofing paper. It forms a very durable, glazed surface. 40D Dr. Chase's Recipes. Rubber Stamp Padi — ^A tin box filled with the following com- position makes an everlasting article: 1 part gelatine, 1 part water, 6 parts glycerine, and 6 parts coloring matter. The coloring inks are as follows: black, 1 part gelatine (glue), 3 parts lampblack or aliline black or logwood extract, 10 parts glycerine, 1 part alcohol, 2 parts water, 1 part Venetian soap, 1-5 part sali- cylic acid. For red, blue or violet use aniline colors in place of black (2 parts). Fill the tin in same way as in making "Hekto- graph," which see. Add the coloring before filling. Shoe Blacking (good and cheap). — 1 lb. ivory black, 1 lb. molasses, 8 tablespoonfuls sweet oil. Dissolve 1 oz. gum arable in 2 qts. of vinegar with % lb. vitriol; mix together. Cherry Stain for Furniture, Etc. — Rain water, 3 qts.; annatto, 4 oz. Boil in a copper kettle till the annatto is dissolved; add a piece of potash the size of a walnut. Keep on the fire one-half hour and bottle for use. After staining the article give it a good coat of varnish. Rosewood Stain. — Alcohol, 1 gal.; camwood, 2 oz. Set in a warm place twenty-four hours. Add extract of logwood, 3 oz; aqua fortis, 1 oz. When dissolved it is ready for use. BEVERAGES. — Angostura Bitters. — 4 parts each gentian, car- damom, rhubarb and galangal; 10 parts each calisaya bark, Can- ada snakeroot, Virginia snake root, licorice root, yellow dock, allspice, dandelion root, pimento root and angostura bark; 16 parts orange peel; 2 parts each caraway seed, cinnamon and nutmeg, coriander, catechu and wormwood; i^ part cloves; 1 part mace; 12 parts red sanders, 8 parts curcuma, 1,450 parts 65 per cent alcohol, 480 parts honey. Macerate. Cider, to Preserve. — Add % oz. sulphite of lime to each gallon cider. (Used by professional cider makers.) Rye Coffee — "Hunt's Breakfast Powder." — Rye roasted with a little butter and ground fine. An excellent substitute for cof- fee. Boil thoroughly. Coffee — Cheap Substitute. — Chop beet root fine, and dry in a close pan over the fire. Then roast with a little fresh butter until it can be ground. Ottawa Beer — Very Delicious. — 1 oz. each sassafras, alspice, wintergreen and yellow dock; % oz. each wild cherry bark, cor- iander and hops; 3 qts. molasses. Pour boiling water on the above; let stand 24 hours; strain and add ^2 Pint yeast; let stand 24 hours, then bottle. Lemon Juice, Articificial — Excellent. — Citric or tartaric acid 2^ oz. ; gum arable, ^ oz.; fresh lemon peel, % oz. ; loaf sugar, 2 oz.; boiling water, 1 qt. Macerate until cold and strain. Sarsaparilla Mead — An excellent Summer Drink. — Boil ^^ lb. Spanish sarsaparilla 5 hours in 1 gal. water, adding water as it evaporates. Strain and stir in 8 lbs sugar and 5 oz. tartaric acid. Vichy Water. — For 10 gals., mix with the water sodium car- bonate, 4,249 grains; sodium chloride, 112 grains; potassium chloride, 141 grains; sodium bromide, 10 grains; sodium silicate, 15% grains; lithiam carbonate, 11 grains; calcium chloride, 736 grains; magnesiam chloride, 308 grains; barium chloride, 6^4 grains; aluminum chloride, 12% grains; iron chloride, 4-1 0th grains. SALOON DEPARTMENT. REWARKS.— If saloon keepers and grocers, who deal in wine, 6eer. cider, etc.. will follow our directions here, and make some of the following articles, they, and their customers, will be better pleased than by purchasing the spurious articles of the day; and families will find them equally applicable to their own use. And although we start with an artificial cider, yet it is as healthy, and is more properly a small beer, which it should be called, but from its close resemblance to cider, in taste, it has been so named. CIDERS.— Artilleial, or Cider Without Apples.— To cold water, 1 gal., put dark brown sugar, 1 lb. ; tartaric acid, % oz. ; yeast. Stable- spoons, and keep these proportions for any amount desired to make; shake it well together. Make it in the evening and it will be fit for use the next day, I make in a keg a few gallons at a time, leaving a few quarts to make into next time — not using yeast again until the keg needs rinsing. If it gets a little sour make more into it. In hot weather draw in a pitcher with ice; or if your sales are slow, bottle it and keep in a cool cellar according to the next recipe. 2. To Bottle. — If it is desired to bottle this artificial cider by manufacturers of small drinks, you will proceed as follows: Put into a barrel hot water, 5 gals. ; brown sugar, 30 lbs. ; tartaric acid, % lb. ; cold water, 25 gals. ; hop or brewers' yeast, 3 pts. ; work the yeast into a paste with flour, % lb. ; shake or stir all well together; fill the barrel full, and let it work 24 to 48 hours; or until the yeast is done working out at the bung, by having put in a little sweetened water occasionally to keep the barrel full. When it has worked clear, bottle, putting in two or three broken raisins to each bottle, and it will nearly equal champagne. Let the bottles lie in a cool place on the side — (observe also this plan of laying the bottles upon the side, in putting away apple cider or wine) — but if it is only for your own retail trade, you can make as follows in the next recipe, and have it keep until a barrel is retailed. The first recipe will last only three or four days in hot weather, and about two weeks in winter. 43 Dr. Chase's Recipts. 3. In Barrels for Lon^ Keeping* — If retailers wish to keep thlr cider with the least possible loss of time, or families for their own drink or for the harvest field, proceed as follows: Place in a keg or barrel, cold water, 20 gals., brown sugar, 15 lbs. and tartaric acid, '% lb. only, not using any yeast, but if you have them, put in 2 or 3 lbs. dried sour apples, or boil them and pour In the expressed juice; without the yeast it will keep, in a cool cellar, for several weeks, even in summer. The darker the sugar the more natural will be the color of the cider. Dr. O. B Reed, of Belle Eiver, Mich., with whom I read medicine, drank freely, while sick with bilious fever, knowing its composition, and recommended it to his patients as soon as he got out amongst them again, as a drink that would allay thirst, with the least amount of fluid, of anything with whicli he was acquainted. But some will prefer Prof. Hufeland's drink for Fever Patients, which see. 4. Apple Cider, to Keep Sweet, with but Trifling Expense.— Two things are absolutely necessary to preserve cider in a palatable state for any considerable time; that is, to clear it of pomace, and then to keep it in a cool place, and the cooler the place the better And then if kept air-tight, by bottling, it is also better, but farmers cannot take the time nor expense of bottling. Some persons leach it through charcoal, and others boil, or rather scald and skim, to get clear of the pomace. In the first place, cider that is designed to keep over winter, should be made from ripe, sound, sour apples only, and consequently it will be getting cool weather, and less likely to ferment. Then when made : Stand in open casks or barrels, and put into each barrel about 1 pt. each of hickory, (if j^ou have them; if not, other hard wood,) ashes and fresh slaked lime; stir the ashes and lime first into 1 qt. of new milk; then stir into the cider. It will cause all the pomace to rise to the surface, from which you can skim it as it rises, or you can let it remain about 10 hours, then draw off by a faucet near the bot- tom, through a strainer, to avoid the hardened pomace. It is now ready for bottling, or barreling, if too much trouble to bottle. If you barrel it, it has been found essential to sulphur the barrel. The sulphuring is done by dipping cotton cloth into melted sulphur, and drying it; then cutting into strips about two by six inches. Put about three gallons of cider into the barrel; fire one end of the strip of the sulphured cloth, and introduce it into the bung- hole, and hold It by means of the bung, giving it air sufficient to let it burn, keeping the smoke in as it burns, when you will push the bung in tight and shake the barrel until the sulphur-gas is absorbed into the cider; then fill up the barrel with cider, and if not already in the cel- lar, place it there, and you have accomplished the two points ftrst ^oken of. If the above plan is too much labor, get oil barrels. U Saloon Depdrimeiit. 43 possible, to '\eep your cider in, (as vinegar can scarcely be made in an oil biirrei,) f ne oil coming out a little and forming an air-tight coat on the top of the cider in the barrel; or, 5. Make your cider late in the fall, and when made, put into each barrel, immediately, ground mustard, J^ lb.; salt, 2 oz.; pulver- ized elialk, 2 oz ; stir them up in a little of the cider, then pour into the barrel, il'^d shake well. 1 have drank cider, kept in this way, in August, which was made In early spring; it was very nice. 6. I have had cider keep very lace, also, by keeping in a cool cellar, and putting into each barrel: Mustard seed, 2 oz. ; allspice, 2 oz.; sweet oil, y^ pt, and alcohol, I pt. only. Always ship your cider, if you have cider 10 ship, late in the fall, 'jr early in spring, for if taken out of a cool cellar in hot weather it is *ure to start fermentation. If wanted for medicine, proceed as in the following recipe: 7. To Prepare for Medicine.— To each barrel of cider just -)ressed from ripe, sour apples, not watered: Take mustard seed, unground, 1 lb. ; isinglass, 1 oz. ; alum, pul- rurized, 1 oz. ; put all into the barrel, leave the bung out, and bhake v)r stir once a day for four days, then take new milk, 1 qt., and half a dozen eggs, beat well together, and put them into the cider and stir or shake again, as before, for 2 days ; then let it settle until you see that it is clear, and draw off bj' a faucet. And if you wish to use in place of wine, in medicine, put it into bottles; but if designed foi family use, you can barrel it, bunging it tight, and keep cool, of course, and you will have a very nice artide, if the cider was not made too near a well, or running stream of water; but it is found that if made too near these, the cider does not keep. Judge ye why? In some parts of England, by using only ripe, sound apples, let- ting it work clear, racking off about twice, bottling, etc., etc., cider Is kept from twenty to thirty years. When cider is drawn oflF and bottled, it should not be corked until the next day after filling the bottles, as many of them will burst. Then lay on the side. SYRUPS.— To Make the Various Colors.— Powder cochineal, 1 oz. ; soft water, 1 pt. ; boil the cocnineal in the water for a few min- utes, using a copper kettle ; while boiling, add 30 grs. of powdered alum, and 1 dr. of cream-of-tartar; when the coloring matter is all out of the cochineal, remove it from the fire, and when a little cool, «train, bottle and set aside for use. This gives a beautiful red, and is used in the strawberry syrups only. Colored rather deep in shade. Pine apple is left without color. Wintergp-een is colored with tincture of camwood, (not deep.) LemoB 4 44 Dr. Chase's Recipes. and ginger with tincture of turmeric. See "Tinctures." The two last named syrups are not colored high — a light shade only. 2. Artificial, Various Flavors.— The ground-work of all syrups ought to be the same, i. e., simple syrup; to make it, take V/^ lbs. «f the best coffee sugar, which is found not to c^^stalize, and water, 1 pt., or what is the same, 60 lbs. sugar, water, 3 gals. Dissolve the sugar in the water by heat, removing any scum that forms upon it, and strain while not. This can be kept in a barrel or keg, and is always ready to flavor, as desired. 3. Raspberry— Is made as follows: Take orris root, bruised, any quantity, say ^ lb., and just hand- somely cover it with dilute alcohol, (76 per cent, alcohol, and water, equal quantities,) so that it cannot be made any stronger of the root. This ia called the "Saturated Tincture," and use sufficient of this tincture to give the desired or natural taste of the raspberry, from which it cannot be distinguished. 4 . Strawberry— Flavor is as follows : The saturated tincture of orris, as above, 2 ozs., acetic ether, % drs. ; mix, and use sufficient to give the desired flavor^a very littla only is required, in either case. 5. Pine Apple— Flavor is made by using, to suit the taste, ot butyric-ether. If persons have any doubt of these facts, simply try them. Some think syrups even for fountains, charged with carbonic acid gas, that it is best to use about three-fourths oz. of tartaric acid to each gallon, but I prefer none unless the fountain is charged with the super-carbonate of soda, in which case it is necessary to use abou* three-fourths oz. of the acid to each pound of sugar. See "Sodj»« Syrups." This above plan, for making simple syrup, is the true way oJ making all syrups; but some people think they must use more water, that the syrup may be cheaper. Others will object to using artificial flavors. Oh ! they say: " I buy the genuine article." Then, just allow me to say, don't buy the syrups nor the extracts, for ninety-nine hun dredths of them are not made from the fruit, but are artificial. Rather make your own, as given under the head of " Jams and fix- tracts." For the more watery syrups, see " Soda Syrups." 6. Sarsaparilla— Is very nice as follows: Simple syrup, as above, and nice golden syrup, equal quantities of each, and mix well; then use a few drops of oils of wintergreen and sassafras to each bottle, as used. The amounts for the desired flavors cannot be given exactly to suit every one, but all will wish different flavors, in some towns usmg very high flavor, and in others sufficient to perceive it merely. Ail will tooa g«t a plan of Htneir own, and like it better than that o^ otb* Saloon Dipariment. 45 ers. This mixture of golden syrup makes the sarsaparilla a beautiful 4ark color withcnit other coloring. 7. Lemon Syrup, Common. — "Was formerlj'^ made by dissolving four pounds of crushed sugar in one quart of water, by boiling, and adding three ounces of tartaric acid and flavoring with the oil of lemon; but it is best made as follows: Coffee sugar, 3 lbs. ; water, IJ^ pts. ; dissolve by gentle heat, and add citric acid, 3 ozs., and flavor with oil or extract of lemon. See " Extracts." §. Or a ver}"^ nice lemon syrup is made as follows: Take citric acid in powder, 3^ oz. ; oil of lemon, 4 drops; simple syrup, 1 qt. Rub the acid and oil in three or four spoons of the syrup, then add the mixture to the remainder, and dissolve with gentle heat. Citric acid is not as likely to cause inflammation of the stomach as the tartaric, hence, its better adaptation to syrups calculated for drinks, 'ind especially in disease. 9. Lemon Syrup— To Save the Loss of Lemons. — Where you nave lemons that are spoiling or drying up, take the insides which are /et sound, squeeze out the juice, and to each pint put V/^ lbs. white *ugar, and a little of the peel; boil a few minutes, strain and cork for k.ise. This will not require any acid, and one-half tea-spoon of soda t© three-fourths of a glass of water, with two or three table-spoons of ^yrup, makes a foaming glass. Some persons think they ought to put ra water, but if water is added the syrup will not keep as well, and takes more of it. 10. Soda Syriip, With or Without Fountains.— The common or more watery syrups are made by using loaf or crushed sugar, 8 lbs. ; pure water, 1 gal.; gum arable, 2 ozs.; mix in a brass or copper ket- tle; boil until the gum is dissolved, then skim and strain through white flannel, after which add tartaric acid, 53^ ozs., dissolved in hot water; to flavor, use extract of lemon, orange, rose, pine-apple, peach, sarsaparilla, strawberry', etc-, J^ oz. to each bottle, or to your taste. Now use two or three table-spoons of the syrup to three-fourths of a tumbler of water and cne-half tea-spoon of super-carbonate of soda, made flne; stir well and be ready to drink, or use the soda in water as mentioned in the " Imperial Cream Nectar;" the gum arabic, however, holds the carbonic acid so it will not fly off" as rapidly as common soda. The above is to be used without fountains, that is, to make it up as used, in glasses, or for the cheaper fountains which have an ounce of super-carbonate of soda to the gallon of water; but for the fountains which are charged, in the cities, with carbonic acid gas, no acids are used in the sja-ups. 11. Cream Soda, Using Cow's Cream, for Fountains.— Nice loaf •ugar, 5 lbs.; sweet rich cream, 1 qt. ; water, 1)^ gills; warm gradu- 46 Dr. Chase's Recipes. ually so as not to burn ; extract of vanilla, \ oz. ; eijract oi nutmeg. Moz. Just bring to a boiling heat, for if you cook it any length of tim« it will crystalize; use four or five spoons of tliis syrup instead of three as ill other syrups. If used without a fountain, tartaric acid one- quarter pound is added. The tendency of this syrup is to sour rattier quicker than other syrups, but it is very nice while it lasts; and if only made in small quantities and kept cool, it more than pays for the trouble of making often. 12. Cream Soda, Without a Fountain,— Coffee sugar, 4 lbs. ; water, 3 pts.; nutmegs, grated, 3 in number; whites of 10 eggs, well beaten ; gum arable, 1 oz. ; oil of lemon, 20 drops, or extract equal to that amount. By using oils of other fruits you can make as many flavors from tliis as you desire, or prefer. Mix all and place over a gentle fire, and stir well about thirty minutes; remove from the fire, strain, and divide into two parts; into one-half put super-carbonate of soda, eight ounces; and into the other half put six ounces tartaric acid; shake well, and when cold they are ready to use, by pouring three or four spoons, from both parts, into separate glasses which are one-third full of cool water; stii each and pour together, and you have as nice a glass of cream soda as was ever drank, which can also be drank at your leisure, as the gum and eggs hold the gas. 13. Soda Water, Without a Machine for Bottling.— In each gal- lon of water to be used, carefully dissolve 3^ lb. of crushed sugar, and 1 oz. of super-carbonate of soda; then fill half-pint bottles with thif water, have your corks ready, now drop into each bottle 3^ dr. of cit- ric acid in crystals, and immediately cork and tie down. These bottles must be handled carefully without shaking, and keep cool, until needed ; a little more or less sugar can be used, to suit the taste of ditt'erent persons. OYSTER SOUP.— To each dozen or dish of oysters put y^ pt of water; milk, 1 gill; butter, 3^ oz.; powdered crackers to thicken. Bring the oysters and water to a boil, then add the other ingredients previously mixed together, and boil from 3 to 5 minutes only. Each one will choose to add salt, pepper, etc., to their own taste, Keep about these proportions if you should have to cook for an oyster supper, for parties, etc. TRIPE. — To Prepare and Pickle. — First sew it up, after it is turned inside out; be careful to sew it up tight, that no lime gets into it ; now have a tub of lime-water, the consistency of good thick white- wash ; let it remain in from 10 to 20 minutes, or until when you take hold of it, the dark outside skin will come off; then put it into clean water, changing three or four times to weaken the lime, that the hands be not injured by it; then with a dull knife scrape off all of the dark Saloon Department. 47 surface, and continue *o soak and scrape several times, which removes all offensive substances and smell. After this, let it soak 20 or 30 minutes in 2 or 3 hot waters, scraping over each time; then pickle in salt and water 12 hours, and it is ready for cooking; boil from 3 to 4 hours, cut in strips to suit, and put it into nice vinegar, with the various spices, as desired; renew the vinegar at the expiration of 1 week, is all that will be required further. Many persons stick up their nose when tripe is spoken of ; but, if nicely prepared, I prefer it to any dish furnished by the beef. MOLASSES CANDY AND POP-CORN BALLS— Candy*— Equal quantities of brown sugar and molasses, and put them iuto a suitable kettle — copper is the best — and when it begins to boil, skim it well, and strain it, or else pour it through a fine wire sieve to free it of slivers and sticks which are often found in the sugar ; then return it to the kettle and continue to boil, until, when you have dipped your hand in cold water and passed one or two fingers through the boiling candy and immediately back to the cold water, what adheres, when cold, will crush like dry egg-shells, and does not adhere to the teeth when bitten. When done, pour it on a stone or platter which has been greased, and as it gets cool begin to throw up the edges and work it by pulling on a hook or by the hand, until bright and glistening like gold; the hands should have a little flour on them occasionally; now keep the mass by a warm stove, (if much is made at one time,) and draw it into stick size, occasionally rolling them to keep round, until all is pulled out and cold; then with shears clip a little upon them, at proper leixgths for the sticks, and they will snap quickly while yet the stick will bend ; no color, no butter, no lard or flavor is used or need be, yet any oil can be used for flavoring, if desired, when poured out to cool. Sugar left in molasses barrels works very nicely in this prepara- tion. Pulverized white sugar sprinkled amongst it will prevent it from sticking together. 2. Candy Perfectly White. — If it is desired to have candy that is perfectly white, proceed as follows: Best coffee sugar, 2^^1bs.; the nicest syrup, 13^ pts. ; boil very carefully, until when tried as above, it crisps like egg-shells, or flics like glass; then draw and work upon the hook until very white. 3. Molasses Candy Without Su^ar. — Porto Eico molasses, boiled and worked as above, has a cream shade according to the amount of pulling, and most persons prefer it to tlie mixture of sugar and molasses, as in tlie first. 4. Pop Corn Balls. — Pop the corn, avoiding all that is not nicely opened; place '% bu. of the corn upon a table or in a large dripping pan ; put a little water in a suitable kettle with sugar, 1 lb. ; and boil as for candy ; until it becomes quite waxy in water, when tried as for 48 Dr. Chase's Recipes. candj'; then remove from the fire and dip into it 6 to 7 table-spoon? of thick gum sohition, made by pouring boiling water upon gum arable, over night, or some hours before; now dip the mixture upon different parts of the corn, putting a stick, or the hands, under the corn, lifting up and mixing until the corn is all saturated with the candy mixture; then with the hands press the corn into balls, as the boys do snow-balls, being quick, lest it sets before you get through. This amount will make about one hundred balls, if properly done. Wliite or brown sugar may be used. And for variety, white sugar for a part, and molasses or syrup for another batch. Either of these is suited to street peddlers. 5. Action of Sugar or Candy on the Teeth.— M. Larez, of France, in the course of his investigations on the teeth, has arrived at the following conclusions: ''■First. That refined sugar, either from cane or beet, is injurious to healthy te«)th, either by immediate contact with these organs, or by the gas developed owing to its stoppage in the stomach. " Second. That if a tooth is macerated in a saturated solution of sugar, it is so much altered in the chemical composition that it becomes gelatinous, and its enamel opaque, spongy, and easily broken. This modification is due, not to free acid, but to a tendency of sugar to combine with the calcareous basis of the teeth." I have destroyed my own teeth, I have no doubt now, by constantly eating candies, while in the grocery business, before I knew its- injurious effects, and I believe it to have destroyed the first teeth of all my children which were born during my candy-eating propensities- What say our candy-eating gentry to the above ? LEMONADE.— To Carry in the Pocket Loaf sugar, 1 lb. ; rub it down finely in a mortar, and add citric-acid, 3^ oz. ; (tartaric acid will do,) and lemon essence J^ oz., and continue the trituration unti) all is intimately mixed, and bottle for use. It is best to dry the powders as mentioned in the " Persian Sherbet," next followmg. A rounding table-spoon can be done up in a paper and carried conveniently in the pocket when persons are going into out-of-the-waj'^ places, and added to half pint of cold water, when all the Deauties of a lemonade will stand before you waiting to be drank, not costing a penny a glass. This can be made sweeter or more sour, it desired. It any, however, should prefer an effervescing drink, they can follow the directions given in the next recipe. Persian Sherbet. — Pulverized sugar, 1 lb. ; super-carbonate of soda, 4 ozs. ; tartaric acid, 3 ozs. ; put all the articles Into the stove oven when moderately warm, being separate, upon paper or plates; let them remain sufficiently long to dry out all dampness absorbed from the air, then rub about 40 drops of lemon oil, (or ir preferred any other flavored oil,) thoroughly with the sugar in a mortar— Saloon Department. 49 Wedgewood is the best — then add the soda and acid, and continue the rubbing until all are thoroughly mixed. Bottle and cork tight, for, if any degree of moisture is permitted to reach it, the acid and soda neutralize each other, and the virtue is thus destroyed. A middling sized table-spoon or two tea-spoons of this put into a half pint glass and nearly filled with water and quickly drank, makes an agreeable summer beverage ; and if three or four glasses of it are taken within a short time, say an hour or two, it has the effect of a gentle cathai-tic, hence, for those habitually costive it would be found nearly or quite equal to the Seidlitz powder, and for «hildren it would be the more pleasant of the two. [The printers have tried it, and can bear testimony to its good qualities.] BEERS.— Root Beer.— For each gallon of water to be used, take oops, burdock, yellow dock, sarsaparilla, dandelion, and spikenard i'oots, bruised, of each )^ oz. ; boil about 20 minutes, and strain while hot, add 8 or 10 drops of oils of spruce and sassafras mixed in equal proportions, when cool enough not to scald your hand, put in 2 or 3 table-spoons of yeast ; molasses, % ot a pint, or white sugar, ^ •b., gives it about the right sweetness. Keep these proportions for as many gallons as you wish to make. You can use more or less of the roots to suit your taste after crying it; it is best to get the dry roots, or dig them and let them get 4ry, and of course you can add any other root known to possess medicinal properties desired in the beer. After all is mixed, let it «tand in a jar with a cloth thrown over it, to work about two (lours, then bottle and set in a cool place. This is a nice way to take Alteratives, without taking medicine. And families ought to make it every spring, and drink freely of it for several weeks, and thereby - ming off the yeast, or letting it work over as the cider, then strain and bottle for use. This will keep fifteen or twenty days. The Port Huronites think it a splendid drink. 4. Ginger Beer. — Wliite sugar, 5 lbs. ; lemon juice, 1 gill j honey, 34 lb. ; ginger, bruised, .5 ozs. ; water, 4^ gals. Boil the ginger thirty minutes in three quarts or the water; then add the other ingredients, and strain; when cold, put in the white of an ^ggy well beaten, with one tea-spoon of lemon essence — let stand four days, and bottle. It will keep for months — much longer than if yeast was used ; the honey, however, operates mildly in place of yeast. 5. Philadelphia Beer. — Water, 30 gals.; brown sugar, 20 lbs.; ginger, bruised, \)^ lbs. ; cream-of-tartar, ^ lb. ; super-carbonate of soda, -3 ozs. ; oil of lemon, cut in a little alcohol, 1 tea-spoon; whites of 10 eggs, well beaten ; hops, 2 ozs. ; yeast, 1 qt. The ginger root and hops should be boiled twenty or thirty minutes in enough of the water to make all milk-warm, then strainei^ into the rest, and the yeast added and allowed to work over nighi; skimmed and boiled. 6. Patent Gas Beer. — Ginger, 2 ozs. ; allspice, 1 oz. ; cinnamon \ oz. ; cloves, ^ oz. ; all bruised or ground ; molasses, 2 qte. ; cola water, 7J^ gals.; yeast, 1 pt. Boil the pulverized articles, for fifteen or twenty minutes, in th» molasses; then strain into your keg, and add the water, then tb*- yeast, shake it well together and bung down. If made over night J« will be ready for use the next day. There ought to be a little spac* in the keg not filled with the beer. This beer is ahead of all the pop> and mineral waters of the day, for flavor, health or sparkling qualities or speed in making, Be careful you do not burst the keg. In hot weather, draw in a pitcher with ice. I have sold this in the principal towns of Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, traveling with a caravan, and obtained two dollars for the recipe of the man who kept the inside stand, and blew the head out of the first keg of it which he made. 7. Com Beer, Without Yeast.— Cold water, 5 gals. ; sound, nice corn, 1 qt.; molasses, 3 qts; put all into a keg of this size; shake well, and in 2 or 3 days a fermentation will have been brought on as nicely as with yeast. Keep it bunged tight. It may be flavored with oils of spruce or lemon, if desired, by pouring on to the oils one or two quarts of the water, boiling hot. The corn will last five or six makings. If it gets too sour, add more molasses and water in the same proportions. It is oheap. healthy, and no bother with yeast. Saloon Department. 51 «. Strong i)«y«w, English Improved.— Malt, 1 peck ; coarse ■■ivwn sugar, 6 lbs. ; ."lops, 4 ozs. ; good yeast, 1 tea-cup ; if you have not malt, take a little over 1 peck of barley, (twice the amount of oats will do, but are. not as good,) and put it into an oven after the bread to drawn, or into a stove oven, and steam the moisture from them. Grind coarseiy. Now pour upon the ground malt 8^ gals, of water at 170° or 172° of heat. The tub in which you scald the malt should have a false bottom, 2 or 3 inches from the real bottom ; the false bottom should be bored full of gimlet holes, so as to act as a strainer, to keep back the malt meal. Wnen the water is poured on, stir them well, and let it stand 3 hours, and draw oflf by a faucet ; put in 7 gals, more of water at 180° to 182° ; stir it well, and let it stand 2 hours and draw It off. Then put on a gal. or two of cold water, stir it well and draw It off; you should have about 5 or 6 gals. Put the 6 lbs. of coarse brown sugar in an equal amouijit of water; mix with the wort, and boil 13^ to 2 hours with the hops; you should have 8 gals, when boiled ; when cooled to 80° put in the yeast, and let it work 18 to 20 hours, covered with a sack; use sound iron-hooped kegs or porter bottles, bung or cork tight, and in two weeks it will be good sound beer, and will keep a long time; and for persons of a weak habit of body, and especially females, one glass of this with their meals is far better than tea or coffee, or all the ardent spirits in the universe. If more malt is used, not exceeding \i a bushel, the beer, of course, would have more spirit, but this strength is sufficient for the use of families or invalids. 9. Ale, Home-Brewed— How it is Made.— The following formula tor the manufacture of a famous home-brewed ale of the English yeomanry, will convey a very clear idea of the components and mixture of ordinary ales. The middle classes of the English people usually make their ale in quantities of two barrels, that is, seventy-two gallons. For this purpose a quarter of malt (8 bus.) is obtained at the malt-house— or, if wished to be extra strong, 9 bushels of malt— are taken, with hops, 12 lbs. ; yeast, 5 qts. The malt, being crushed or ground, is mixed with 72 gals, of water at the temperature of 160°, and covered up for 3 hours, when 40 gallons are drawn off, into which the hops are put, and left to Infuse. Sixty gallons of water at a temperature of 170° are then added to the malt in the mash-tub, and well mixed, and after standing t hours, 60 gallons are drawn off. The wort from these two mashes Is boiled with the hops for 2 hours, and after being cooled down to 65°, is strained through a flannel bag into a fermenting tub, where it '8 Tnixed with the yeast and left to work for 24 or 30 hours. It is tliea 52 Dr, Chase's Recces. run into barrels to cleanse, a few gallons being reserved for filling up the casks as the yeast works over. Of course when the yeast is worked out it must be bunged. \i one-half a pint of this was taken each meal by men, and half that amount by females, and no other spirits, tea nor coffee, during the day, I hesitate not in saying that I firmly believe it would conduce to health. I know that this, which a man makes himself, or some of the wines mentioned in this work, home-made, are all that any person ouglit to allow themselves to use in these days when dollars and cents are the governing influences of all who deal in such articles. 10. Porter, Ale, or Wiue, to Prevent Flatness in Parts of Bottles for the Invalid. — Sick persons who are recommended to use ale, porter, or wine, and can only take a small glass at a time, nearly always find the last of the bottle flat or stale. To prevent this, put in the cork firmly, and turn the cork end downwards, in a large tumbler or other vessel nearly filled with water. This plan prevents communication with the external air. 11. Cream Nectar, Imperial.— First, take water, 1 gal. ; loaf sugar, 8 lbs. ; tartaric acid, 8 ozs. ; gum-arabic, 1 oz. ; put into a suitable kettle and place on the fire- Second. Take flour, 4 tea-spoons ; the whites of 4 eggs, well beaten together, with the flour, and add water, % pt. ; when the first is blood-warm put in the second, and boil 3 minutes, and it is done. DiKECTioNS. — Three table-spoons of the syrup to a glass half or two-thirds full of water, and add one-third tea-spoon of super-carbon- ate of soda, made fine; stir well, and drink at your leisure. HJ^ In getting up any of the soda drinks which are spoken of, it will be found preferable to put about eight ounces of super-carbonate (often called carbonate of soda) into one pint of water in a bottle, and shake wlien you wish to make a glass of soda, and pour of this into the glass until it foams well, instead of using the dry soda as directed. 12. Ginger Pop. — Water, h% gals. ; ginger root, bruised, ^ lb. ; tartaric acid, % oz.; white sugar, 2% 'bs.; whites of 3 «ggs, well beaten; lemon oil, 1 tea-spoon; yeast, 1 gill. Boil the root for thirty minutes in one gallon of the water, strain off" and put the oil in while hot ; mix. Make over night, and in the morning skim and bottle, keeping out sediments. 13. Spanish Gingerette.— To each gal. of water put 1 lb. of wliite sugar; J^ oz. best bruised ginger root; ^ oz. of cream-of-tartar and 2 lemons sliced. Directions. — In making 5 gals., boil the ginger and lemons 10 minutes in 2 gals, of the water; the sugar and cream-of-tartar to be Saloon Department. 5g dksolved in the cold water, and mix all, and add J^ pint of good yeast ; let it ferment over night, strain and bottle in the morning. This is a valuable recipe for a cooling and refreshing beverage; eompounded of irtgredients highly calculated to assist the stomach, and is recommended to persons suffering with Dyspepsia or Sick Headache. It is much used in European countries, and persons having once tested its virtues, will constantly use it as a common drink. And for saloons or groceries, no temperance beverage will set it aside. 14. Sham-Champagne— A Purely Temperance Drink. — Tartaric acid, 1 oz. ; 1 good sized lemon ; ginger root, 1 oz. ; white sugar, 1 J^ lbs. ; water, 2)^ gals. ; yeast, 1 gill. Slice the lemon, and bruise the ginger, mix all, except the yeast; boil the water and pour it upon them, and let stand until cooled to blood heat; then add the yeast and let it stand in the sun through the day; at night, bottle, tying the corks, and in two days it will be fit to use. — Mrs. Beecher. Be sure and not drink over three or four bottles at one time. YEASTS.— Hop Yeast.— Hops, 1 oz.; water, 3 pts.; flour, 1 tea- cup ; brown sugar, 1 table-spoon ; salt, 1 tea-spoon ; brewers' or bakers' yeast, 1 gill. Boil the hops twenty minutes in the water, strain into a jar, and stir in the flour, sugar, and salt, and when a little cool add the yeast, and after four or five hours cover up, and stand in a cool place or on the ice for use. The above makes a good family yeast, but the following is the regular bakers' yeast, as they always keep the malt on hand : 2. Bakers' Yeast. — Hops, 2 ozs. ; water, 1 gal. ; wheat flour, 3^ lb. ; malt flour, 1 pt. ; stock yeast, % Pt- Boil the hops for thirty minutes in the water, strain, and let cool until you can well bear your hand in it ; then stir in the flour and yeast; keep in a warm place until the fermentation is well under way, and then let it work in a cooler place six to eight hours, when it should be put in pint bottles about half full, and closely corked, and tied down. By keeping this in a very cool cellar, or ice-house, it will keep for months, fit for use. But as it is often troublesome to obtain yeast, to start with, I give you the "Distillers' Jug Yeast," starting without yeast. 3. Jog Yeast, Without Yeast to Start With.— Hops, yi lb.; water, 1 gal. ; fine malt flour, }4. pt. ; brown sugar, }i lb. Boil the hops in the water until quite strong, strain, and stir in the malt flour ; and strain again through a coarse cloth, and boil again for ten minutes; when lukewarm stir in the sugar, and place in a jug, keeping it at the same temperature until it works over; then cork tight, and keep in a cold place. 54 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 4. Yeast Cake.— Good sized potatoes, 1 doz. ; hops, I largv. handful ; yeast, ^ pt. ; corn meal, sufficient quantity. Boil the potatoes, after peeling, and rub them through a colauderr boil the hops in two quarts of water, and strain into the potatoes; then Bcald sufficient Indian meal to make them the consistence of empty- ings, and stir in the yeast and let rise ; then, with unscalded meal thicken so as to roll out and cut into cakes, drying quickly, at first, to prevent souring. They keep better, and soak up quicker, than If made with flour. ICE CREAM.— Fresh cream, yi gal. ; rich milk, yi gal. ; white sugar, 1 lb.; some do use as much as 2 lbs. of sugar to the gallon, yet it leaves an unpleasant astringency in the throat after eating the cream; but please j^ourselves. Dissolve the sugar in the mixture, flavor with extract to suit your taste, or take the peel from a fresh lemon and steep one-half of it in as little water as you can, and add this — it makes the lemon flavor better than the extract — and no flavor will so universally please as the lemon; keep the same proportion for any amount desired. The iuicp of strawberries or raspberries gives a beautiful color and flavor to ice-cream; or about ^ oz. of essence or extracts to a gallon, or to suit the taste. Have your ice well broken ; 1 qt. salt to a bucket of ice. About half an hour's constant stirring and occasional scraping down and beating togethei-, will freeze it. The old-fashioned freezer which turns in a tub of ice, makes smoother and nicer ice-cream than all the patent freezers I have seen ; and the plan of using the genuine cream and milk gives sufficient profit; but I will give you the best substitutes there are, in the following recipe, but the less you eat of either, the better will it be for heacth. 2. Ice Cream, Yery Cheap.— Milk, 6 qts- : Oswego coru starch, K lb- First dissolve the starch in one quart of the milk, then mix all together and just simmer a little (not to boil). Sweeten and flavor to suit your taste, as above ; or, — 3. Irish moss, 1>^ oz. ; milk, 1 gal. First soak the moss in a little cold water for an hour, and rinse well to clear it of sand and a certain peculiar taste ; then steep it for an hour in the milk just at the boiling point, but not to boil; it imparts a rich color and flavor without eggs or cream. The moss may be steeped twice. It is the Chicago plan. I have eaten it, and know it to be very nice. A few minutes' rubbing, at the end of freezing, with the spatula, against the side of the freezer, gives ice-cream a smoothness not otherwise obtained. WINES.— Currant, Cherry, and other Berry Wines.— The juioe qt either of the above fruits can be usecj alone, or in combinationg to Saloon Department. 55 kiakto a variety of ilavors, or suit persons who have some, and not the other khids of fruit. Express all the juice you can, then take an equal amount of boiling water and pour on the pressed fruit, let stand 2 hours, squeeze out as much as there is of juice, and mix, then add 4 lbs. of broM'n sugar to each gallon of the mixture ; let stand until worked, or 3 or 4 weeks, without a bung in the keg or barrel, sknply putting a piece of gauze over the bung'-hole to keep out flies; when it is done working, bung it up. J A cool cellar, of course, is the best place for keeping wines, as they must be kept where they will not freeze. Some persons use only one-fourth juice, in making fruit wines, and three-fourths water, but you will bear in mind that the wine will be good or bad, just in proportion to the water and sugar used. If care is used when you •express the juice, to prevent the pulp or seeds from entering or "•emaining in the juice, no other straining or racking will be needed. Alost persons also recommend putting in brandy, but if any spirit is used at all, let it be pure alcohol, from one gill to one-half pint only uer gallon, but the strength of juice I recommend, and the amount of Bugar, remove all necessity for any addition of spirit whatever. Bear m mind that all fruit of which you ai"e to make wine ouglit to be pei-fectly ripe, and then make it as soori as possible thereafter, not letting the juice ferment before the addition of the sugar. If bottled, »lways lay them on the side. 2. Rhubarb, or English Patent Wine.— An agreeable and tiealthful wine is made from the expressed juice of the garden •rhubarb. To each gal. of juice, add 1 gal. of soft water in which 7 lbs. of brown sugar have been dissolved; fill a keg or a barrel with this proportion, leaving the bung out, and keep it filled with sweetened water as it works over, until clear; then bung down or bottle as you desire. These stalks will furnish about three-fourths their weight in juice, or from sixteen hundred to two thousand gallons of wine to each acre of well cultivated plants. Fill the barrels and let them stand until spring, and bottle, as any wine will be better in glass or stone. 3. Some persons give Mr. Gaboon, of Kenosha, Wis., credit for originating pie-plant wine, but that is a mistake. It has long been made in England, and has even been patented in that country. They first made it by the following directions, which also makes a very nice article, but more applicable for present use than for keeping: For every 4 lbs. of the stalks cut fine, pour on 1 gal. of boiling water, adding 4 lbs. brown sugar; let stand covered 24 hours, having *l«o added a little cinnamon, allspice, cloves and nutmeg, bruised, as 56 Dr. Chasers Recipes. may be desired for flavoring; then strain and let work a few days, and bottle. 4. Tomato Wine. — Express the juice from clean, ripe tomatoes, and to each gallon of it (without any water) put brown sugar, 4 lbs. Put in the sugar immediately, or before fermentation begins — this ought to be done in making any fruit wine. Something ©f the character of a cheese-press, hoop and cloth, is the best plan to squeeze out the juice of tomatoes or other fruits. Let the wine stand in a keg or barrel for two or three months ; then draw off into bottles, carefully avoiding the sediment. It makes a most delightful wine, having all the beauties of flavor belonging to the tomato, and I have no doubt all its medicinal properties also, either as a tonic in diisease, or as a beverage for those who are in the habit of using intoxicating bever- ages, and if such persons would have the good sense to make some wine of this kind, and use it instead of rot-gut whisky, there would not be one-hundredth part of the " snakes in the boot " that now curse our land. It must be tasted to be appreciated. I have it now which is three years old, worth more than much pretended wine which is sold for three or four shillings a pint. 5. Tomato Cultivation, for Early and Late.— The WorTd-n^ Farmer says of the tomato plant, " that it bears 80 per cent, of itii fruit within 18 inches of the ground, while more than half the plan) is above that part. When the branches are cut they do not bleed, and they may therefore be shortened immediately above the large, o> early-setting fruit. " The removal of the smali fruit on the ends of the branches \t no loss, for the lower fruit will swell to an unnatural size by trim ming, and both a greater weight and measure of fruit will be tht consequence, besides obtaining a large portion five to fifteen day* earlier. The trimming should be done so as to have a few leares^ beyond the fruit, to insure perfect ripening. The importance of earlj manuring is too evident to need comment. The burying of the removed leaves immediately around the plant is a good practice, both by insuring full disturbance of the soil, and by the presenting of a fertilizer progressed precisely to the point of fruit making. The portions buried decay rapidly, and are rapidly assimilated." If wanted very early and large, trim off all except two or three upon each plant. 6. To ripen late tomatoes, pull the plants having green tomatoes on them, before the commencement of frosts, and hang them in a well ventilated cellar. The fruit will continue to ripen until early winter, especially it the cellar is cool and damp. 7. The Tomato as F«od.— Dr. Bennett, a profefiMu: into an iron kettle, let boil, and burn to a red black, and thick; remov* from the fire and add a little hot water to keep it from hardening as » cools; then bottle for nse. Any of the foregoing wines can be colored with this, as desired "but for family use I never use any color. IT. Stomach Bitters, Equal to Hostetter's, for One-Fourth il^ Cost ; and Schiedam Schnapps Exposed.— European gentian root, 1> ozs.; orange peel, 2)4 ozs. ; cinnamon, }£ oz. ; anise seed, }4 oz. ; cori ander seed, }4 oz. ; cardanion seed, 3^ oz. ; unground Peruvian bark }4 oz. ; gum kino, J^ oz. ; bruise all these articles, and put them intc the best alcohol, 1 pt. ; let it stand a week, and pour off the clea> tincture; then boil the dregs a few minutes in 1 qt. of water, strain and press out all the strength ; now dissolve loaf sugar, 1 lb., in th*- hot liquid, adding 3 qts. cold water, and mix with the spirit tincturi- first poured off, or yoii can add these, and let it stand on the dregs it preferred. 1§. NOTE.— Schiedam Schnapps, Falsely so Called.— It is gen« erally known that in Schiedam, Holland, they make the best quality of gin, calling it "Schiedam Schnapps;" consequently it might be expected tluit unprincipled men would undertake its imitation; but hardly could it have been expected that so base an imitation would . start into existence under the guidance of a man who, at least, calls- himself honorable. " Take gentian root, }4^ lb. ; orange peel, ^ lb. ; puds, }^ lb. ; (but if this last cannot be obtained, poma aurantior, unripe oranores,) or agaric, ^ lb.; best galangal, 3^ lb.; centaury, J^ lb. ;— cost. $1.20. Put pure spirit, 10 gals., upon them, and let them stand 2 weeks ; stir Saloffn Department. 6i it every day, and at the end of that time put 3 gals, of this to one barrel of good whisky ; then bottle and label." And here follows the label : "AROMATIC SCHIEDAM SCHNAPPS, A Superlative Tonic, Diuretic, Anti- Dyspeptic, and Invigorating Cordial. — This Medical Beverage is manufactured at Schiedam, in Holland, and is warranted free from every injurious property and ingredient, and of the best possible quality. Its extraordinary medicinal properties in Gravel, Gout, Chronic Rheumatism, Incipient Dropsy, Flatulence, Colic Pains of the Stomach or Bowels, whether in adults or infants, in all ordinary cases of obstruction in the Kidneys, Bladder, and Urinary Organs, in Dyspepsia, wliether Acute or Chronic, in General Debilit}'^, Sluggish Circulation of tlie Blood, Inadequate Assimilation of Food and Exhausted Vital Eneigy, are acknowledged by the whole medical faculty, and attested in their liighest written authorities." I purchased tlie foregoing recipe of an extensive dealer in Evans- ville, Ind. He put up the stuff in quart bottles, and labeled it as I have shown you. His label was got up in splendid style, bronzed letters, and sent out to the world as pure '■^Schiedam Schnapps,''^ at $i per bottle. I liave given j^ou the wliole thing, that the thousands into whose hands this book may fall, shall know what confidence, or that no conjidence whatever, ca,i\ be placed in the " advertised nostrums" of the day, but that the only security we have is tO make our own, or go to those whom we k)ioio to be scientific. Obtain their prescription and follow their counsel. Every person knows that real Holland Gin possesses diuretic and other valuable properties; and who would not suppose he was getting a genuine article from this flaming, bronze- crested label, pointing out especially all the complaints that Schiedam Covers are wo'it to comjilain of? And yet not one drop of gin to a barrel of it! And my excuse for this exposure is, that they and all who may have an occasion to use such articles, ma}' know that "good whisky" ought to be afforded at less tlian ?4 per gallon, even if $1.20 worth of bitter tonics are put into Zyi barre.s of tlie precious stuff'. Then tak« our advice, wliere gin or plher liquor is needed, as mentioned in %e first recipe in the Medical Department. APPENDIX TO SALOON DEPARTMENT. BY THE PUBLISHER. Apple Wine. — Pure cider raade fi-om sound, dry apples, SA it runs from the press. Put sixty pounds of brown sugar into fifteen gallons of the cider and let it dissolve, then i)ut the mixture into a clean barrel and fill the bari«l up to within two gallons of being full with clean cider; put the cask in a cool place, leaving the bung out forty-eight hours, then put in the bung with a small vent, unti^ fermentation wholly ceases, and bung up tight, and, in one year, the wine will be fit for use. This wine requires no racking ; the longer it stands upon the lees the better. 2. Blackberry Wine. — Gather the fruit when ripe, on a dry day. Put into a vessel, with the head out, and a tap fitted near the bottom; pour on boiling water to cover it. Mash the berries witK your hands, and let them stand covered till the pulp rises to the top and forms a crust, in three or four days. Then draw off the fluid into another vessel, and to every gallon add one pound of sugar; mix well, and put it into a cask, to work for a week or ten days, and throw of* any remaining lees, keeping the cask well filled, particularly at the commencement. When the working has ceased, bung it down ; after six to twelve months it may be bottled. 3. To make a wine equal to Port, take ripe blackberries, press the juice from them, let it stand thirty-six hours to ferment (lightly covered) and skim well, then to every gallon of the juice add one quart of water and three pounds of sugar; let it stand in an open vessel twenty-four hours. Strain and barrel it, let it stand six months, then bottle and cork close. It improves by age. 4. Cherry Wine. — Pick and press out the juice of good cherries. White or Black Hearts, or May Dukes, without breaking the stones. (This wine is much improved by adding rasps, and red currants; an addition of black currants causes it to lesemble port). To every gallon put 2 lbs. of fine loaf sugar. Put in a cask till the fermentation ceases, stop it close. In three or four months, bottle it, and in five or six weeks it will be fit to drink. 5. Currant Wine. — Gather the currants when Y\\f, strip thetJa and squeeze out the juice* to one gallon of the juice ^\x^ two galloni Appendix to Saloon Department. 6j of Cold Wiiter and two spoonfuls of yeast; let it ferment two days; strain through a hair sieve; and to every gallon of liquor add three lbs. of loaf sugar, stir it well together, put it in a good cask; to every 10 g;dlon3 of wine put one quart of brandy; close well up and let it stjind four months, then bottle it; a few raspberries will improve the flavor. Blackberry Brandy. — To half a gallon of blackbeny juice put one pound and a half of lump sugar, half an ounce of cinnamon, half an ounce of grated nutmeg, quarter of an ounce of cloves, and one ounce of allspice. Boil it a few minutes, and when cool, add one pint of brandy. This is an invaluable remedy for diarrhoea. 2. Clierry Braady. — Cherries 36 lbs; half red and half black; squeeze them with the hands, and add 13^ gallons of brandy. Let ',hem Infuse 24 hours; then put tlie bruised cherries and liquor into a canvass bag, a little at a time, and press it as long as it will run. Sweeten with fine sugar, and let it stand a month ; bottle ofi", i^utting ■vdf sugar into every bottle. 3. Another. — To every gallon of brandy put 4 lbs. of red ■••uerries, 2 lbs. of black, 1 quart of raspberries, with a few cloves, a stick of cinnamon, a little orange peel; closely stop for a month in a -jarrel ; bottle oflf as before. Ginger Beer. — The following recipe for making a very superior ginger beer is taken from the celebrated treatise of Dr. Pereira on Diet. The honey gives the bevei-age a peculiar softness, and from not Deing fermented with yeast, it is lessviolentin its action when opened, 'jut requires to be kept a somewhat longer time before use. White Rugar, five pounds; lemon juice, one quarter of a pint; honey, one quarter of a pound; ginger, bruised, five ounces; w^ater, four gallons and a half. Boil the ginger in three quarts of the water for half an liour, then add the sugai-, lemon juice and honey, with the remainder of the water, and strain through a cloth ; when cold, add a quarter of the white of an Q^'g, and a small teaspoonful of essence of lemon; let the whole stand four days and then bottle; it will keep for many montiis. This quantity will make 100 bottles; the cost being, sugar, fivepounds, 2s.; lemon juice, 2d.; honey, 3d. ; best white ginger, 2d.; fi%g and essence of lemon, 2d. : total, 2s. 9d. Ginger-beer bottles may be obtained at the potteries at 10s. to 12s. per gross, and corks at 8d. to l». per gross. 2. Another.— White sugar, twenty pounds; lemon or lime juice eighteen (fluid) ounces; honey, one pound; bruised ginger, twenty-two ounces; water, eighteen gallons. Boil the ginger in three gallons of water for half an hour, then add the sugar, the juice, and the honey, with the remainder of the water, and strain through a cloth. When zdd add the white of one Qg'gt and half an ounce (fluid) of essence of qa Appendix to :^a/oon Depart7nent. lemon; after standing four days, bottle. This yields a very superun beverage, and one which will keep for many months. 3. Another, Cheap.— Sugar, 1 lb.; boiling water, 1 gallon; ginger, % oz., and a lemon sliced thin. Stir till all is mixed. Cool, and add a table-spoonful of yeast. Let it stand 20 hours, then strain, bottle, and tie down the corks. Will be prim© in a few days. 4. Another. — To every gallon of spring water, add 1 oz. of sliced white ginger, and 1 lb. of white sugar, or IJ^ lb., if you like. Boil nearly an hour. Then add 3^ oz. of lemon juice to every gallon; strain, cool, and add yeast, 1 tablespoonful or rather more to a gallon. In 48 hours, add a little isinglass, and the white of one or two eggs Put into the cask, and let it stand 24 hours longer. Bottle and cork well. 5. Another. — Ginger, 3 ozs. ; sugar, 4 lbs. ; cream-of-tartar, y^ oz. ; essence of lemon, 3^ oz. ; the juice and peel of two lemons ; brandy, 3^ pint; yeast, quarter of a pint; water, -i gallons. Bruis-f the sugar and ginger; boil 25 minutes; pour it boiling upon t!u lemon, tartar, essence, etc. Stir well; nearly cool, and add the yeast let it work three days, skimming well ; then strain into a cask ; adc the brandy; bung down close; and in a fortnight, draw off, anc" bottle. 0« Another, For Six Gallons.— Bruised ginger, 8 ozs. ; cream-ol- - tartar, 6ozs. ; loaf sugar, 6 lbs.; water, 6 gallons; three unpeeleC lemons, sliced. As soon as the water boils pour it on the ingredient^ and stir well. Add a small portion of yeast. Some prefer the additiow if 1 lb. of honey. After fermentation, strain, and bottle. Or strain and bottle, without previously adding yeast. 7. Another, Common.— Brown Sugar or Treacle, \}^ lb., wate^ 1^ gallon, 1 oz. of ginger, ground, and a lemon, if preferred. Boi. •\nd then add yeast. §. Another, Instantly Made.— Sugar, 13^ lb. ; bruised ginger, 1^ oz. ; water, 1 quart. Boil down to a syrup. When cool, strain, ant add the juice of a lemon, or )^ oz. of citric acid, and a little brandy. Keep this always by you in a bottle. It is to be used along with Carbonate of Soda and Tartaric Acid. First dissolve in water s quarter of a tea-spoonful of Tartaric Acid, into which put Gingei Svrup according to taste ; then dissolve half a tea-spoonful of carboiiatr of soda in water; unite the two mixtures, and you will have a gratefuj beverage. 9. Another, Quickly Made. — Dissolve 4 ozs. of candied ginger in V4- gallons of boiling wat(>r, add 2 lbs. of sugar ; add 3^ oz. ot citric acid, powdered when nearlj'- cold, and two table-spoonfuls of yeast. 10. Bran Beer. — Good bran, 1 bushel (to produce 18 gallons) liops> i^ pound. Mash with hot wat«r, sjnd f^rmenv. 'n the usuai way. Appendix to Saloon Departmtnt. 65 fTiis beer will cost about three cents per gallon. Two or three pounds of sugar Improve it, or four or five of molasses improre it. Ginger, Syrup of. — Macerate, \)4. oz. of beaten ginger in a quart of boiling water, closely covered for twenty-four hours ; then strain the infusion, make it into a syrup by adding at least two parts of fine loaf sugar, dissolved and boiled up in a hot water bath. Ginger Beer Powders. — Blue paper; Carbonate of Soda, thirty grains; powdered ginger, five grains; ground white sugar, one drachm to one drachm and a half; essence of lemon, one drop. Add the essence to the sugar, then the other ingredients. A quantity should be mixed and divided, as recommended for Seidlitz powders. — ^White paper : Tartaric acid, thirty grains. Directions. — ^Dissolve the contents of the blue paper in water ; stir in the contents of the white paper, and drinli during eff"ervescence. Ginger-beer powders do not meet with such general acception as lemon and kali, the powdered ginger rendering the liquid slightly turbid. 2. For the white Paper. — Loaf sugar, powdered, 2 drachms; ginger, powdered, 6 or 7 grains ; carbonate of soda, 26 grains. Mix well. For the Blue Paper — Citric Acid, 30 grains, or tartaric acid, 28 grains (which you please). Dissolve each powder in nearly half a tumbler of water, and mix together. Ginger, Tincture of.— Ginger, 1 oz. ; proof spirits, 1 pint. Digest in a gentle heat seven days, and strain. A good stimulant, and expellant of wind; used as a corrective to purgative draughts. Lemonade. — Powdered sugar, four pounds; citric or tartaric acid, one ounce; essence of lemon, two drachms; mix welL Two or three teaspoonfuls make a very sweet and agreeable glass of extemporane- ous lemonade. 2. Milk Lemonade. — Dissolve three quarters of a pound of loaf TSUgar in one pint of boiling water and mix with them one gill of lemon juice, and one gill of sherry, then add three gills of cold milk. Stir ihe whole ^^ell together, and strain it. Champagne, Summer. — To four parts of seltzer water add one of Moselle wine (or hock), and put a teaspoonful of powdered sugar in to a wineglassful of this mixture; an ebullition takes place, and you have a sort of champagne which is more wholesome in hot weather than the genuine wine known by that name. 2. Champagne Cider. — Cider, eighteen gallons ; spirit, three pints ; sugar, five pounds. Mix and let them rest for a fortnight, then fine with skimmed milk, 1 pint. Bottle in champagne bottles: when opened, it will be found to approach very nearly to genuine cham- pagne. ^g" Cider, 18 gallons ; spirit, 3 pints ; sugar, 5 lbs. ; skimmed milk, 1 pint. Cider.— A beverage made from the juice of the apple, and for 66 Appendix to Saloon Department, which sour and rough-tasted apples are generally preferred. Th* process of making cider varies in different localities, but in every case essentially consists of the collection of tlie fruit, and tlie expression and fermentation of the juice. The collection of the fruit should not be commenced before it has become sufficiently mature. The apples, after being gathered, are usually left for fourteen or fifteen days in a barn or loft to mellow, during which time the mucilage is decomposed, and alcohol and carbonic acid developed. The expression of the juice is the next step in cider-making. The apples are ground to a pulp in a mill, consisting of two fluted cylinders of hard wood or cast iron working against each other. The pulp is afterwards put into coarse strong bags, and pressed with a heavy weight so as to squeeze out all the juice. This is then placed in large, open tubs, and kept at a heat of about sixty degrees. After two or three days for weak ci der, anc" eight or ten days for strong cider, or as soon as the sediment has subsided, the liquor is "racked off" into clean casks. The casks are then stored in a cellar, shaded barn, or other cool place, where a low and regular temperature can be insured, and are left to mature ario ripen until the following spring, when iC may be re-racked for u.'^e. The refuse pulp is an acceptable food for pigs and store cattle. Preparatory to bottling cider, it should be examined, to see whether it is clear and sparkling. If not so, it should be clarified, and left foi a fortnight. The night previous to bottling, the bung should be taken out of the cask, and the filled bottles should not be corked down until the day after; as, if this is done at once, many of the bottles wil' burst by keeping. The best corks should be used. Champagne bottle« are the best for cider. When the cider is wanted for immediate use, or for consumption during the cooler season of the year, a small piece o^ lump sugar may be put into each bottle before corking it. When intended for keeping, it should be stored in a cool cellar, when the quality will be greatly improved by age. Ice Cream. — Put into a bucket 1 pound of ice broken very small- throw two handfuls of salt among it, and have it in the coolest place you can find. Put the cream into an ice pot and cover it, immerse it in the ice and draw the ice around the pot so as to touch every part ; in a few minutes put in a spoon and stir the parts that lie around the edges to the center, stirring quickly, increases the cold. There should b« holes in the bucket to let out the water as the ice melts. The cream for icing is thus made: New milk, one quart; yolk? of six eggs ; fine sugar, four ounces. Mix, strain, heat gently, then cool. 2. Strawberry Ice Cream.— Take one pint of strawbeiries, one pint of cream, nearly half a pound of powdered white sugar, the juice of a lemon ; masli the fruit through a sieve, and take out t>^ seeds : Appendix to Saloon Department. 67 aax with the other articles, and freeze. A little new milk added maKes the whole freeze moie quickly. 3. Raspberry Ice Cream. — Tlie same as strawberry. These Ices are often colored by cochineal, but the addition is not advantage- ous to the flavor. Strawberry or raspberry jam may be used Instead <»tthe fresh fruit, or equal quantities of jam and fruit employed. Of course the quantity of sugar must be proportionately diminished. , Strawberry -Water Ice. — One large pottle of scarlet strawberrie4 the juice of a lemon, a pound ot sugar, or one pint of strong syrup, half a pint of water. Mix, — first rubbing the fruit through a sieve, — and freeze. 2. Raspberry-Water Ice. — In the same manner. 3. Leiiioii-Water Ice. — Lemon juice and water, each half a pint; itrong syrup, one pint: the rind of the lemons should be rasped off, '»efore squeezing, with lump sugar, which is to be added to the juice; Taix the whole; strain after standing an hour, and freeze. Beat up iffith a little sugar the whites of two or three eggs, and as the ice is oegiuning to set, work this in with the spatula, which will much ^wprove the consistence and taste. 4. Orange- Water Ice. — In the same way. Head, Metheglin, Hydromel, or Bragget.— Various names for an 'utoxicating beverage made from honey, in use from the mosl> remote ^ges among the ancient Britons and Scandinavians, and regarded ^^ those rude nations as an earthly nectar, and a drink immeasurably superior to the wine of the grape or barley, as the various potations made from grain were called. Among the Welsh, mead, or metheglin, la still occasionally used, though as a general beverage it has long ceased to be esteemed. There are many modes of preparing this heavy drink ; some by simply fermenting the honey and water, others by making a strongly spiced decoction of the ingredients before allow- ing the mass to work. Those who are desirous of knowing how to manufacture the old English bragget, a beverage sold as one of the choicest articles in the country, will find the following receipe suffi- ciently near to make a very potent liquor : To 28 pounds of honey add 8>^ gallons of boiling water : mix thoroughly. Boil in half a gallon of water the peel of 3 lemons, 1 ounce of ginger, 2 drachms of mace, 1 drachm of cloves, and a small bundle of rosemary : strain, and add immediately to the hot mixture ;i stir the whole together, and set aside in a cask till quite cold. Mix two large spoonfuls of fresh yeast with a quart of the liquor ; pour into the cask, and allow it to remain till the fermentation has taken place, when the cask is to be bunged up. To obtain metheglin in perfection, it should remain a year in the wood untouched. It is then to be bottled, and kept for at least six months before being used, when A very agreeable and potent liquor will be obtained. (J8 Appendix to Saloon Department. Bottling and Fining'. — Corks shoukl be sound, clean, and sweet Beer and porter should be allowed to stand in the bottles a day or two before being corked. If for speedy use, wiiing is not necessary. Laying the bottles on their sides will assist the ripening for use. Those that are to be kept should be wired, and put to stand upright in saw- dust. Wines should be bottled in spring. If not tine enough, draw oil a jugful and dissolve isinglass in it, in the proportion of half an ounce to ten gallons, and then pour back through the bung-hole. Let it stand for a few weeks longer. Tap the cask above the lees. When the isinglass is put into the cask, stir it round with a stick, taking great care not to touch the lees at the bottom. For white wine only, mix with the isinglass a quarter of a pint of milk to each gallon of wine, some whites of eggs, beaten with some of the wine. One white of an egg to four gallons makes a good fining. To Sweeten Casks. — Mix half a pint of vitriol with a quart of water, pour it into the barrel, and roll it about ; next day add one pound of chalk, and roll again. Bung down for three or four days, then rinse well with hot water. 2. Another.— To scour casks effectually rinse them with a solu tion of vitriol and water, which will entirely deprive them of theii foulness. To Loosen Glass Stoppers of Bottles. — With a feather rub a drop or two of salad oil round the stopper, close to the mouth of the bottle or decanter, which must then be placed before the fire, at the distance of about eighteen inches ; the heat will cause the oil to insinuate itseJi between the stopper and the neck. When the bottle or decanter ha.» grown warm, gently strike the stopper on one side, and then ou tt.* other, with any light wooden instrument; then try it with the hand if it will not yet move, place it again before the fire, adding anothe* drop of oil. After a while strike again as before; and, by persevering in this process, however tightly it may be fastened in, you will av length succeed in loosening it. This is decidedly the best plan. Freezing Mixture Without Ice.— Nearly fill a gallon stone bottlb with hot spring water, (leaving room for about one pint) and put in two ounces of refined nitre. The bottle must be stopped very clost and letdown into a deep well. After three or four hours it will bb completely frozen, but the bottle must be broken to procure the ice. If the bottle is moved up and down so as to be sometimes in and sometimes out of the water, the consequent evaporation will haste/j the process. 2. Washing Soda as a Freezing Mixture.— If, however, nitrate of ammonia in coar.se powder is put into the cooler, and there is then added twice its weight of freshly cruslied washing soda, and an equal quantity of the coldest water that can be obtained, an intensely pow- erful frifforific mixture is the result, the cold often failing to forcv Appendix to Saloon Department. <$9 Jejjrees below freezinj?. This is by far the most efficacious freezing mixture that can be made without the use of ice or acids. But, luifortunatKlj'^, it lias an almost insuperable objection, that the nitrate of ammonia is decomposed by the soda, and cannot be recovered by evaporation ; this raises the expense to so great a height, that the plan is practically useless. 3. The New Freezing- Preparation Without Ice or Acids obviates all these objections. It is easy of use, not corrosive in its' properties, aiKl capable of being used at any time, at a minute's notice ; is easy of transport, being in a solid form, and, moreover, moderate in its cost. Tn India, to which country it has been exported iu enormous quantities, it has excited the most lively interest, and the Nepaulese princes, when •lved, and pour on as much water (the coldest that can be obtained ) as is sufficient to dissolve them; if a pint measure of each of the powders is used, they will require about a pint of water to dissolve them. More water than is necessary should not be used, as in that case the additional water is cooled instead of the substance that it is wished to freeze. Less than a pint of each powder, and about the same quantity of water, will be found sufficient to ice two bottles of wine, one after the other, in the hottest of weather, if a tub is used of duch a size as to prevent the waste of materials. fO Appendix to Saloon Department. To Clean Bottles. — There is no easier method of cleanirg gi?** bottles than putting into them fine coals, and well shaking, either with water or not, hot or cold, according to the substance that fouls the bottle. Charcoal left in a bottle or jar for a little time will take away disagreeable smells. 2. To Purify, — ^Rinse with lime water, or water and powdered charcoal. Soda Water Powders. — One pound of carbonate of soda, 4d. and thirteen and a half ounces of tartaric acid, at 28. per pound supnljr the materials for 256 powders of each sort. Usual retail price, Id. for the two powdei'S required for a draught. Put into blue papers thirty grains of carbonate of soda, and into white papers twenty-five grains of tartaric acid. Directions. — Dissolve the contents of the blue paper in half a tumbler of water, stir in the other powder, and drink during eflfervescence. Soda powders furnish a saline beverage which is very slightly laxative, and well calculated to allay the thirst in hot weather. Cheap and Good Vinegar. — To eight gallons of clear rain water, add three quarts of molasses; turn the mixture into a clean, tight cask, shake it well two or three times, and add three spoonfuls ol good yeast, or two yeast cakes; place the cask in a warm place, and in ten or fifteen days add a sheet of common wrapping paper, smeared with molasses, and torn into narrow strips, and you will have good vinegar. The paper is necessary to form the " mother," or life of tht vinegar. Fermentation, To Check. — The least bit of sulphate of Potass, u is applicable to liquors, syrups, preserves, etc. Bologna Sausagres. — Take equal quantities of bacon, fat and lean beef, veal, pork, and beef suet ; chop them small, season with peppc salt, etc., sweet herbs, and saore rubbed fine. Have a well-washed intestine, fill, and prick it; boil gently for an" bo"^r an^ lay on wi'aw to dry. They may be smoked the s^mc w \»iaa- MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. I would give an introductory word ofcautionin this Department. Whenever you buy an article of medicine which is not regularly labeled by the druggist, have him, in all cases, vyrite the name upon it. in this way you will not only save money, but perhaps life. Arsenic, phosphorus, laudanum, acids, etc., should always be put where children cannot get at them. And always purchase the best quality of drugs, to insure success. ALCOHOL— In Medicines, Preferable to Brandy, Rnm, or Gin of the Present Day.— There is no one thing doing so much to bolster, up the tottering yet strong tower of Intemperance, as the old-fogy physicians, who are constantly prescribing these articles to their patients, and one-half of the reason for it is to cover the faults of their own constant use of these beverages. This unnecessary call for these articles thus used as a medicine, keeps up a large demand; and vvhen we take into consideration the almost impossibility of obtaining A genuine article, the sin of prescribing them becomes so much the greater, when it is also known by all really scientific men that with alcohol (which is pure) and the native fruit wines, cider, and cider wines, (which every one can make for themselves, and can thus know their purity,) that all the indications desired to be fulfilled in curing disease can be accomplished without their use. Then, when it is deemed advisable to use spirits to preserve any bitters or syrups from souring, instead of 1 qt. of brandy, rum, or gin, use the best alcohol, % pt., with about 2 or 3 ozs. of crushed sugar for this amount, increasing or lessening according to the amount desired in these proportions. If a diuretic effect is desired, whieh is calculated to arise where gin is prescribed, put 1 dr. of oil of juniper into the alcohol before reducing with the water ; or if the preparation admits of it you may put in from 1 to 2 ozs. of juniper berries Instead of the oil. If the astringent effect is desired, as from brandy, use, say 1^ oz. of gum kino or catechu, either, or half of eac h may be used. If the sweating or opening properties are required, as indicated by the prescription of rum, sweeten with molasses in place of the sugar, and use 1 dr. of oil of caraway, or 1 to 2 ozs. of the seed, for the same amount, as the juniper berries for gin. 72 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. If the strength of wine only is desired, use 1 qt. of the ginge\ wine, or if that flavor is not fancied, use any other of the wines, aa preferred by the patient. But no one should use any of the descriptions of alcohol as a constant beverage, even in medicine, unless advised to do so by a physician wlio is not himself a toper. If families will follow tlie directions above given, and use proper care in making some of the vai'ious fruit wines as given in this book for medical use, preparing cider, etc., which are often used in prescriptions they would seldom, if ever, be obliged to call for the pretended pure brandies, rums, guis, etc., of commerce, and intemper- ance would die a natural death for want of support. And you will please allow me liere to correct a common error, with regard to the presence of alcoliol in wines. It is generally supposed that wine made from fruit, without putting some kind of spirits into it, does not contain any alcohol; but a greater mistake does not exist in the world. Au}- fruit, the juice of which will not pass into the vinous f«rmentatioa by whicli alcohol is produced, will not make wine at all. Pistillation will produce brandy or alcohol from any of these fermf 'it«d liquors. There is no wine, ol Hiiy note, containing less than 10 parts of alcohol to 100 parts of the W'oe; and from that amount up to 35i^ parts; currant, 203^; goo:^eb>rry, 11 ^ ; cider, from 5 to 9 parts, porter, 41^; even small beer, 1^ parts or qts. to 100 qts. So it will be seen that every quart of fn»'t wine not made for medicine, or sacramental purposes, helps to ^uild up the cause (Intemperance) which we all so much desire not tij encourage. And for those who take any kind of spirits for the sake of the i^pirit, let me give you the following: 2. " Spiritual Facts.— That whis-key is the key by which many gain entrance into our prisons and alms-houses. 3. That brandy brands the noses of all those who cannot govern their appetites. 4. Th-At punch is the cause of many wrefriendly puncJies. 5. That ale causes many ailings, wliile beer brings to the bier. 6. That wine causes many to take a winding way home. 7. That cha7n-i)iigne is the cause of many real pains. §. That gin slings have " slewed '" more than slings of old." AGUE MEDICINES.— Dr. Krieder's Pills.— Quinine, 30 grs.; Dover's powders, 10 grs. ; sub-carbonate of iron, 10 grs. ; mix with mucilage of gum arabic and form into 20 pills. DosE.— Two each hour, commencing 5 hours before the cliill should set in. Then take one night and morning, until all are taken. I cured myself of Ague with this pill after having it hang on to Medical Department. 73 me for thrve years with all the common remedies of the day, five »\"('ek8 being tlie longest I could keep it off, until I obtained the above |)ill. This was before 1 had studied medicine. I have cured many others with ic aiso, never having to repeat the dose only in one case. In att;icks ot ague it is best to take an active cathartic immediately after the first ' rit," unless the bowels are lax, whicli is not generally the case, and hy the lune the catliartic has worked off well, you will he prepared 10 go ahead with the " cure," as soon as you know its periodical return. 2. For very young chiidren nothing is better than 5 or 6 grs. of quinine in a 2 oz. vial, with one table-spoon of white sugar; then fill witli water. Dosk. — A tea-spoon given as above, as to time. A thick solution of licorice, however, uides the taste of the quinine quite ellectually. 3. Ague Bitters. — Quinine, 40 grs. ; capsicum, 20 grs. , cloves, <^oz. ; creain-of-tartar, 1 oz. ; whisky, 1 pt. ; mix. Dose. — 1 to 3 ;able-spoons every 3 hours, beginning 8 hoars before the chill comes in, and 3 times daily for several days. Or, if preferred without ipirits, take the following : 4. Ague Powder. — Quinine, 10 grs.; capsicum, 4 gTS.; mix, 4nd divide into 3 powders. Directions. — Take one 4 hours before the chill, one 2 hours, and the third one hour before the chill should commence, and it will very seldom commence again. Or, 5. Ague Mixture without Qaiuiue. — Mrs. Wadsworth, a few Miles south of this city, has been using the following Ague mixture >\'er twenty years, curing, she says, more than forty cases, without » failure. She takes — Mandrake root, fresli dug, and [lounds it ; then squeezes out the juice to obtain 13^ table-spoons, with which she mixes the same quantity of molasses ; then divides it into 3 equal doses of 1 table- spoon each, to be given 2 hours apart, commencing so as to take an hour before the chill. It sickens ana vomits some, but she says it will scarcely ever need repeating. Then steep dogwood bark, (some call it box-wood,) make it strong, and continue to drink it freely for a week or two, at least. 6. Ague Cure, by a Clairvoyant.— There is no doubt in my mind but what there is much virtue in the following clairvoyant prescription, for I have knowledge of the value of one of the roots. See "Colic Remedy": Blue vervain, leaf and top, 1 lb.; bone-set, J^ lb.; best rye whisky, 1 gal. The dose was not given, but most persons would take a wine-glass five or six times daily. 7. A^e Cared for a Penny. — It has been discovered that nitric 74 Dr. Chasers Recipes. acid is of great value in the treatment of Intermittent Fever, o) Ague. A physician administered the article in twenty-three cases ot sucli fever, and it was successful in all but one, in interrupting the paroxysms, and there occurred no relapse. In the majority of cases, 5 or 6 drops of the strong acid, given in a little gum mucilage, every 8 hours, until 60 drops had been taken, were found sufficient to break the fever, and restore the patient to health. The foregoing confirms the following : §. Ague Anodyne. — Muriatic acid and laudanum, of each 3^ oz., quinine, 40 grs. ; brandy, 4 ozs. Take 1 tea-spoon 9, 6, and 3 hours before the chill, until broken; then at 7, 15, and 21 days after, take 3 doses, and no relapse will be likely to occur. I am well satisfied that any preparation of opium, as laudanum, morphine, etc., which affects the nerves, is valuable in ague medicine from its intimate connection with, if not entirely confined to, tin nervous system ; hence the advantage of the first Ague Pill, the opiun. being in the Dover's powders. I have given this large number of preparations, and follow wltl« one or two more, from the fact tliat almost every physician will havv a peculiar prescription of his own, and is generally free to contribuu his mite for the benefit of the world; and as I have seen about u, much of it as most book-makers, I have come in for a large shari n.d mothers are carrying moie information out of the world, by r!:»i- deaths, than will ever be possessed by this class of "sniffei<," ■^\^C. i really thank God, so do thousands of others, that He has eii.ibled ■//'.*, in this work, to reclaim such an amount of it for tlie benelit of rhr world. 12. Balmony, i^ of a pint basin of loose leaves; liU whli Dolling water and steep; drink the whole in the course of the day. and repeat 3 or 4 days, or until well. It has cured many cases of Ague. It is valuable in Jaundice, aiul all diseases of the Liver; and also for worms, by the mouth and by injection. It is also valuable in Dyspepsia, Inflammatory and Febrile diseases, generally. NIGHT SWEATS— To Relieve.— After Agues, Fevers, etc., and in Consumption, many persons are troubled with '* Night Sweats." They are Ciiused by weakness or general debility. For their relief: Take ess. of tansy, % oz.; alcohol, J^ oz. ; water, J^ oz. ; quinine, 15 grs. ; muriatic acid, 30 drops; mix. Dose. — 1 tea-spoon in a gill of cold sage tea. It should be taken two or three times during the day, and at bed time; and the cold sage tea should be used freely as a drink, also, intU cured. It will even cui-e Ague, also, by repeating the above tose every hour, beginning twelve to fifteen hours before the chill. FEYERS. — General Improved Treatment for Bi ious, Typhoid, and Scarlet Fevers, Congestive Chills, etc. ; also valuable in Diarrhoea, Summer-Complaint, Cholera Infantum, and all F<>rms of Fever in Children. — The symptoms of fever are generally untler- stood, yet I will give the characteristic features by which it will always be detected : Cold chills followed by a hot skin; a quickened pulse, with a weak and languid feeling of distress ; also, loss of appetite, thirst, restlessness, scanty excretions: in fact, every function of the body is more or less deranged. Of course, then, that which will restore all the difl'erent machinery to healthy action, will restore healtli. Tiiat is what the following Febrifuge has done in hundreds of cases — so attested to by " Old Doctor Cone," from whose work on -'Fevers and Febrile Diseases" I first obtained the outlines of the ti-eatnient, and it gives me pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to him through fourteen years of neighborhood acquaintance, always liiniiiig him as willing to coinmunicate as qualified to practice, and 6 76 Dr. Chasers Recipes. daring, in breaking away from " Medical Society Rules,'* W occom' plish good. Febrifuge for Feyers in General. — Carbonate of ammouia, 2 drs. ; alum, 1 dr. ; capsicum, foreign gentian, Colombo root, and prussiate of iron, all pulverized, of each "% dr. ; mix, by putting into a bottle, adding cold water, 4 ozs. Dose. — One tea-spoon to a grown person, every 2 hours, in common cases of fever. It may be sweet- ened, if preferred. Shalie well each time before giving, and keep the bottle tightly corked. The philosophy of this treatment is, the carbonnate of ammonia neutralizes the acidity of the stomach, and determmes to, and relaxes the surface; and with the capsicum is a hundred per cent, more effi- cient. Tiie alum constringes, soothes, and aids in relieving the irritated and engorged mucous membrane of the stomacn, and finally operates as a gentle laxative. The Colombo and gentian are gently astringent and stimulating, but chieflj^ tonic, and the prussiate of iron is tonic; and in their combination are (as experience will and has proved) the most efficient and safe Febrifuge, in all forms and grades of fever- yet known. We therefore Avish to state that, after twenty-five yeai-s* experience in tlie treatment of disease, we have not been able to obtain a knowledge of any course of treatment that will begin to compare witli that given above, f oi- the certain, speedy and effectual cure of all forms of fever; and all that is requisite, is, to have sufficient confidence in the course of treatmeiit recommended; to use it from thi-ee to five, and in extreme cases, seven days as directed, and that confidence will be inspired in all who use it, whether physician (if unprejudiced) or patient, or the heads of families. Remember, all processes in nature requu-e time for their accom- plishment. After the patient has been twenty-four hours without fever, oi if the patient be pale, blanched, with a cool surface and feebk pulse, at the commencement of fever, prepare the following : 2. Febrifuge Tea, — Take Virginia snakeroot and valerian root, of each 2 drs. ; boiling water one pt. Pour the boiling water on the roots and steep "% an hour, and give a tea-spoon of the Febrifuge and a table-spoon of this Tea together every 2 hours, and after he has been another 24 hours mthout fever, give it every 3 or 4 hours, until the patient has good appetite and digestion, then 3 times daily, just before meals, until the patient has gained consid- erable strength, when it may be entirely discontinued; or he may continue the simnle infusion, to aid digestion. A strong tea of wild cherry bark makes the best substitute for the snakeroot tea, and especially if mercury has been previously used in the case ; and if it has, it is best to continue the cherry bark tex until the patient is entirely recovered. Medkal Department. 77 A patieut oAag this treatment, if bilious, may vomit bile a few times, or if there is congestion of the stomach, he will probably vomit occasionally for a few hours, but it will soon subside. It will not purge, except a patient be very bilious, in which case there will probably be two or three bilious discharges ; but it gives so much tone to the action of the stomach and bowels as to secure regular operations ; but if the bowels should not be moved in two or three days, give injections oHj warm water, or warm water with a little salt in it. Give the patient all the plain, wholesome diet, of any kind, he will take, especially broiled hani, mush and rich milk, boiled rice, milk or dry toast, hot mealy potatoes, boiled or roasted, with good fresh butter, etc., etc. ; and good pure cold water, or tea and coffee, seasoned to the taste, as drinks, and keep the person and bed clean, and room quiet and undisturbed by conversation, or any other noise, and see that it is well ventilated. If there should be extreme pain in the head when the fever is at the highest, or in the back or loins, and delirium at night, with intol- erance of light and noise ; in such cases, in addition to keeping the room cool, dark, and quiet, t»nd giving the febrifuge regularly, as above directed, take the following : 3, Feyer Liniment. — Sulphuric ether and aqua ammonia, of each 1 o«. ; muriate of ammonia, ig oz. ; mix, and shake the bottle, and wet the scalp and all painful parts, every 3 or 3 hours, until the pain abates. Keep tightly corked. After the application of the liniment, fold a muslin cloth four or five thicknesses, dip it in cold water, and apply it to the head or any part afflicted with severe pain ; or to the pit of the stomach, if there be much vomiting ; and it may be renewed every three or four hours. Besides the above treatment, dip a towel in cold water, and rub the patient off briskly and thoroughly, and be careful to wipe perfectly dry, with a clean, hot and dry towel ; this may be repeated every three or four hours, if the skin be very hot and dry ; but if the surface be pale, cool, moist, livid, or lead-colored, omit the general sponging ; but the face, neck and hands may be washed occasionally, but be sure to wipe perfectly dry with a clean, hot and dry towel. But if he be very pale and blanched, with a cool or cold surface, or have a white circle around his mouth and nose, or be covered with a cold, clammy perspir- ation, give the Febrifuge every hour, until the above symptoms disappear, giving tiie patient hot coffee or tea, pennyroyal, sage, balm, or mint tea, f.s hot as he can sup them, and as freely as possible, and make hot applications to his person, and put a bottle of hot water to the soles of liis feet ; and after this tendency to prostration is overcome, then give the Febrifuge once in two hours as before only. Children will use the medicine in all respects as directed for grown persons, giving to a child one year old a fourth of a tea-soocm, or 78 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. fifteen drops ; if under a year old, a little less, (we have frequently arrested Cholera Infiintum with the Febrifuge, in children under six months old, and in some instances under a ii)!>ntli old,) and increase the dose in proportion to the age above a year old, giving half a tea-spoon to a child from three to six, and three-fourths of a teaspoon from six to ten years old, and so on ; and be sure to oflfer children some food several times a day, the best of which is broiled smoked ham, good stale wheat bread boiled in good rich milk, mush and milk, boiled rice, etc. but, animal diet agrees best, and especially in cases or Summrr Com- plaint, or Cholera Infantum, the diet had better be almost exclusively animal. It will be difficult to use the infusion of snakeroot with children that are too young to obey the mandate of parents, and the Febrifuge may be made sweet, with white or loaf sugar, for young children, so as to cover its taste as much as possible, but older children will be benefited very much by the use of the infusion of snakeroot and valerian, and should take it as prescribed for adults, of course, adapting the dose to the age of the patient. 4. Note. — The above treatment, if persevered in for a short time, is effectual in arresting Diarrhoea, Summer Complaint, Cholera Infantum, and all forms of Fever in children. Give it every two hours, or if the patient be very feeble and corpse-like, give it every hour until there is reaction, and then give it every two hours, as prescribed for fever in general, and you will be satisfied with the result after a short time. 5. Typhoid Feyer. — If the patient be Typhoid, that is, if his tongue be brown or black, and dry in the centre, with glossy red edges ; if he have Diarrhoea, with thin, watery, or muddy stools, and a tumid or swollen belly, he will pr obably have a rapid, or frequent, and small pulse, and be delirious and rest but little at night; under these circumstances, give the Febrifuge in the Tea, No. 2, as for fevers in general, every two hours, and give, also, the following: 6. Febrifuge Balsam.— Gum camphor, 30 grs. ; balsam copaiba, sweet spirits of nitre, compound spirits of lavender, of each J^ oz. Shake the vial, and give forty drops every four hours, in with the other medicine, until the tongue becomes moist and the Diarrhoea is pretty well subdued, when you will discontinue this preparation, and continue the Febrifuge and snakeroot tea. as directed for fever in general. Note. — "\Ve do not believe that one case of fever in a thousand will develop Typhoid symptoms, unless such cases have been injured in the treatment of the first stage, by a reducing course of medicine, as bleed- ing, vomiting, emetic tartar, purging, especially with calomel, and compound extract of colocynth, or oil, salts, or infusion of senna, and the common cooling powder, which is composed of saltpetre or nitre, and tartar emetic or ipecac, all of which irritate the mucous membrane Medical Department. 79 9f the stomach and bowels, anil consequently produce determination of blood to these parts, that results in irritation, engorgement, congestion, inflammation, and consequently Typhoid Fever. If fever is attended with the Dysentery, or Bloody-Flux, it should be treated in the same manner precisely as Typhoid Fever, as it is nothing but Typhoid Fever with inflammation of the large, and some- times small bowels. The treatment given for Typhoid Fever above, will cure all forms of Dysentery as it does fever, but the bloody and slimy discharges will continue for two or three days after the fever is subdued and the appetite and digestion are restored, and at times, especially if the patient discharge bile, which will be green, there will be a good deal of pain at stool, which, however, will soon subside. 7. Scarlet Fever,— If you have Scarlet Fever, treat it in all fespects as fever in general, and if the patient's throat should show any 'ndications of swelling, apply the Fever Liniment No. 3, and make the ioplication of cold water in the same manner as there directed ; and 't had better be repeated every three or four hours until the swelling is intirely subdued, when the wet cloth should be substituted by a warm, iry, flannel one ; but if the patient's throat should ulcerate, give a few irops of the Febrifuge every half hour, or hour, until the dark sloughs •separate, and the throat looks red and clean, when you need only ^ive the medicine at regular intervals, as recommended for fever in general, that is, every two hours. If this treatment be pursued at the 9ns»et, the throat will seldom, if ever, ulcerate. 8. Congestive, or Sinking Cliill.— In case of Congestive, or Sink- •ng Chill, give the Febrifuge as directed for fever in general ; but if the patient be insensible and cold, or drenched in a cold perspiration, give the Febrifuge in a table-spoon of the snakeroot and valerian tea every hour until the patient becomes warm, and then give it every two hours to within twelve hours of the time he anticipates another chill, when you will give the following : 9. Stimulating Tonic.— Sulphate of quinine, 20 grs. ; pulverized capsicum, 30 grs ; pulverized carbonate ot ammonia, 90 grs. ; mix and put into a bottle, and add 15 tea-spoons of cold water, and give a tea- spoon, together with a tea-spoon of the Febrifuge, every hour, either alone, or what is better, in a tea-spoon of the snakeroot and valerian tea, for 15 hours. The patient should lie in bed and drink freely of pennyroyal tea, or hot cofiee, or some other hot tea, and after the time has elapsed for the chOl, give the same as for fever in general, until the patient is entirely recovered. The above treatmeat will arrest any form of Ague, and the after treatment will, with any degree of care, prevent its return. O' the Ague may be arrested most speedily, by taking one grain of 8o Dr. Chasers Recipes. quinine in a tea-spoon cf the Febrifuge every hour for six hours pre ceding a paroxysm, and then pursue the above tonic course. I have given the foregoing treatment for fevers, because I know that it is applicable in all cases, and that the articles are kept by all druggists. But there is a better, because quicker method of cure, and 1 am very sorry to say that for want of knowledge in regard to the value of medicine, it is not usually kept by druggists. I mean the Tincture of Gelseminum. It is an unrivaled Febrifuge. It relaxes the system, without permanent prostration of strength. Its specific action is to cloud the vision, give double-sightedness and inability to open the eyes, with distressed prostration ; which will gradually pass ojQF in a few hours, leaving the patient refreshed, and if combined with quinine, completely restored. To administer it : 10. Take the tincture of gelseminum, 50 drops, put into a vial, and add 5 tea-spoons of water ; quinine, 10 grs. Shake when used Dose. — One tea-spoon in half a glass of sweetened water, and repeat every two hours. Watch carefully its action, and as soon as you discover its speciUt action, as mentioned above, give no more. Dr. Hale, of this city, one of the more liberal class of pnysicianii (and I use the term liberal as synonymous with the term successful, prefers to add twenty-five drops of the tincture of veratrum viride witli the gelseminum, and give as there directed. And in case that their full specific action should be brought on, give a few spoons of brandy, to raist the patient from his stupor, or what is preferable ; 11. Carbonate of ammonia, J^ oz. ; water, 4 ozs. ; mix. Dose. - One table-spoon every 15 or 20 minutes, until revived. If Dr. Hale's addition should be used, it will be found applicable i> all cases of fever, except in Typhoid accompanied with its own exces sive prostration ; without the addition of the veratrum it is applicabl- in all cases of fever above described. Of course, in all cases where thb fever is thus subdued, you will continue quinine, or some other appro priate tonic treatment, to perfect a cure, and orevent a relapse. Anc it might not be amiss here to give a plan of preparing a nourishing and agreeable lemonade for the sick, and especially for persons afflicted with ferer : 13. Lemonade, Nourisliing, for Fever Patients.— Arrowroot. 2 or 3 tea-spoons, rubbed up with a little cold water, in a bowl or pitcher which will hold about 1 qt. ; then squeeze in the.iuice of half ol a good sized lemon, with two or three table-spoons of white sugar, and pour on boiling water to fill the dish, constantly stirring whilst adding the boiling water. ■ Cover the dish, and when cold, it may be freely drank to allay thirst, as also to nourish the weak. But some will prefer the following Medical Department. 8i 13. Prof. Hufeland's Drink for Feyer Patients or Excessive Thirst. — Cream of tartar, J^ oz. ; water, 3 qts. ; boil until dissolved; after taking it from the fire, add a sliced orange, with trom 1)^ to 3 ozs. of white sugar, according to the taste of the patient ; bottle and keep tool. To be used for a common drink in fevers of all grades, and at any Hme when a large amount of drink is craved by the invalid. Neither is there any bad taste to it for those in health. UTERINE HEMORRHAGES.— Prof. Piatt's Treatment, Twenty Years without a Failure.— Sugar of lead, 10 grs. ; ergot, 10 grs. ; opium, 3 grs. ; ipecac, 1 gr. ; all pulverized and well mixed. DOSB. — 10 to 12 grs., given in a little honey or syrup. In very bad cases after childbirth, it might be repeated in thirty minutes, or the dose increased to fifteen or eighteen grains; but in cases of rather profuse wasting, repeat it once at the end of three nours, will usually be found all that is necessary. If not, repeat occasionally, as the urgency of the case may seem to require. Prof. Piatt is connected with Antioch College, O., and has been a very successful practitioner. DYSPEPSIA.— In the good old days of corn bread and crust coffee, there was but little trouble with Dyspepsia; but since the days of fashionable intemperance', both in eating and drinking, such as spirit- uous liquors, wines, beer-s, ale, tea, and coffee, hot bread or biscuit, high seasoned food, overloading the stomach at meals, and constant eating and drinking betxveen meals, bolting the food, as called — that Is, swallowing it without properly chewing — excessive venery, want of out-door exercise, witii great anxiety of mind as to how the means can be made to continue the same indulgences, etc., all have a tendency to debilitate the stomach, and bring on, or cause Dyspepsia. And it would seem to the Author that the simple statement of its cause — the truth of which no one can reasonably doubt — would be, sufficient to at least suggest its cure. But I am willing to state that, as a general thing, thi* over-indulgence would not be continued, nor would it have been allowed, had they known its awful consequences. I know that this was true in my own case, in all its points; this was, of course, before I had studied, or knew but little of, the power of the human system or the practice of medicine, and it was for the purpose of finding something to cure myself, that I commenced its study; for it was by years of over-indulgence at table, and between meals, in the grocery business which I was carrying on, that I brought on such a condition of the stomach that eating gave me the most intolerable suffering — a feeling almost impossible to describe ; first a feeling of goneness or want of support at the stomach ; heat, lassitude, and finally pain, until a thousand deaths would have been a great relief; drink was craved, and the more I drank the more intolerable 82 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. the suffering — apple cider, vinegar and water made palatable with sugar, excepted. It might be asked at this point, what did I do ? I would ask, what could I do? Eat, I could not; drink, I could not. Then what else was to be done, only to do without either. What, starve? No. Treatment. — Take, — no just stop taking. " Throw all medicine to the dogs," — yes, and food also. What, starve? No, but simply get hungry. Who ever heard of a dyspeptic being hungry? at least, tnose who eat three meals a day. They eat because the victuals taste good — mouth hunger only. The last year or two of my dyspeptic life, I only ate because it was eating time, and supposed I must eat or die, when I only died forty deaths by eating. All physicians whose books I have read, and all whose prescrip- tions I have obtained, say: ''Eat little and often; drink little and often." I say eat a little, and at the right time — that is, when hungry at the stomach ; drink a little, and at the right time — that is, after digestion. And it is of just as much importance to eat and drink the right thing, as at the right time. Persons have been so low in Dyspepsia, that even one tea-spoon of food on the stomach would not rest. In such cases let nothing be taken by mouth for several days; but inject gruel, rice water, rich broths, etc. But these cases occur very seldom. First. — Then, with ordinary cases, if there is much heat of th« stomach, at bed-time, wet a towel in cold water, wringing it out that it may not drip, and lay it over the stomach, having a piece of flannel over it to prevent wetting the clothes. This will soon allay the heat, but keep it on during the night, and at any subsequent time, as may be needed. Second. — In the morning, if you have been in the habit of eating about two large potatoes, two pieces of steak, two slices of bread, or from four to six hot pancakes, or two to four hot biscuits, and drinking one to three cups of tea or coffee — Hold, hold, you cry. No, let me go on. I have many times seen all these eaten, with butter, honey, or molasses, too large in amount to be mentioned, with a taste of every other thing on the table, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, etc., etc., and all by dyspeptics ; but. You will stop this morning on half of one potato, two inches square of steak, and half of one slice of cold wheat bread — or I prefer, if it will agree with you, that you use the " Yankee Brown Bread,'' only the same quantity; eat very slow, cliew perfectly fine, and swallow it without watery tea, or coffee; neither must j'ou drink any, not a drop, until one hour before meal time again, then as little as possible, so as you think not quite to choke to death. fHiRD. — The question now to be s<;ttlpd is did you suffer from tjip Medical Department. 83 abundance of your breakfast, or from the kind of food taken ? If you did take less next time, or change the kind, until you ascertain the proper quantity and kind, Avhich enables you to overcome this exceed- ing suffering after meals; nay, more, which leaves you perfectly comfortable after meals. Lastly. — You now have tlie whole secret of curing the worst case of Dyspepsia in the world. You will, however, bear in mind that years have been spent in indulgence; do not, therefore, expect to cure it in days, nay, it will take months, possibly a wliole year of self- denial, watclifulness, and care; and even then, one overloading of tlie stomach at a Christmas pudding will set you back again for months. Make up your mind to eat only simple food, and that in small quan- tities, notwithstanding an over anxious wife, or other friend, will say, aow do try a little of this nice pie, pudding, or other dish, no matter A^hat it may be. Ola, now, do have a cup of this nice coffee, they will »ften ask ; but no, No, must be the invariable answer, or you are again . -'goner." For there is hardly any disease equally liable to relapse iH Dyspepsia; and indulgence in a variety of food, or overeating any >iie kind, or even watery vegetables or fruit, will be almost certain to »iake the patient pay dear for the whistle. Then you must eat only such food as you know to agree with you, and in just as small quantities as will keep you in health. Drink no fluids until digestion is over, or about four liours after eating, until the stomach has become a little strong, or toned up to bear it, then one cup of the "Dyspeptic Coffee," or one cup of the "Coffee Made Healthy," may be used. But more difficulty is experienced from over- drinking than overeating. Most positively must dyspeptics avoid cold water with their meals. If the saliva and gastric juice are diluted with an abundance of any fluid, they never have the same propertiep to aid, or carry on digestion, which tliey had before dilution. Then the only hope of the dyspeptic is to use no fluid with his food, nor until digestion has liad lier perfect work. Caution. — I may be allowed to give a word of caution to mothers as well as all others. Oyie plate of food is enough for health — two, and even three, are often eaten. Most persons have heard of the lady who did not want a " cail load," but when she got to eating, it all disappeared, and the retort, "Back up your cart and I will load it again," was just what I would liave expected to hear if tlie load had been given to a dyspeptic, which it no doubt was. Tlien learn the proper amount of food necessaiy for healtli, and wlien that is eaten by yourself or child, stop. If pudding is on tlie table, and you choose to have a little of it, it is all right — liave some pudding; if pie, have a piece of pie; or cake, have a piece of cake; but do not have all, and that after you have eaten twice as much meat victuals as health •ecjuires. If apples, melons, raisins, or nuts are on the table, anc} 84 Dr. Chase's Recipes, you wish some of them, eat them before meal, and never after it. If surprise is manifested around you, say you eat to lim, not live to eat. The reason for this is, that persons will eat all they need, and often more, of common food, then eat nuts, raisins, melons, etc., until the stomach is not only filled beyond comfort, but actually distended to its utmost capacity of endurance ; being led on by the taste, when if the reverse course was talien, the stomach becomes satisfied when a proper aa>ount of the more common food has been eaten, after the others. Are you a grocer, and constantly nibbling at raisins, candy, cneese apples, and every other edible ? Stop until just before meal, then eat what you like, go to your meal, and return, not touching again until meal-time, and you are safe; continue the nibbUug and you do it at the sacrifice of future health. Have you children, or other young persons under you care ? See that they eat only a reasonable quantity at meals and not anything between them. Do this, and I am willing to be called a fool by the younger ones, which I am sure to be- bw. do it not, and tJie fool will suffer for his folly. You may consider me a hard doctor. Be it so then. The drunk ard calls him hai-d names who says, give up your "cups." But a» sure as lie would die a drunkard, so sure will you die a dyspeptw unless you give up your overeating and overdrinking of water, te« coffee, wine, beer, ale, etc. Now you know the consequences, 8ui> yourselves; but I have paid too dearly for my experience, not to lit* a warning voice, or spare the guilty. In recent cases, and in cases brought on by over-indulgence a\ some extra rich meal, you will find the "Dyspeptic Tea," made fronij "Thompson's Composition," will be all sufficient, as spoken of und»!« that head, which see. 2. The wild black cherries put into Jamaica rum, are high]:« recommended, made very strong with the cherries, and without s^ga^ but I should say put them into some of the domestic wines, or wha» would be still better, make a wine directly from them, according to the directions under the head of "Fruit Wines." 3. Old " Father Pinkney," a gentleman of ninety years of age, •assures me that he has cured many bad cases of Dyspepsia, wKre they would give up their over-indulgences, by takiag: Blue fiag root, washed clean, and free from specks and rot^^/i streaks, then pounding it and putting into a little warm water, a-id straining out the milky juice, and adding sufficient pepper-sauce to make it a litte hot. Dose.— One table-spoon 3 times a day. It benefits by its action on the liver, and it would be good in Liver Complaints, the pepper also stimulating the stomach. See " Soot Coffee," No. 12, amongst the Ague medicines. LA.RYNGITIS.— Inflammation of the Throat.— This complaint in a chronic form has become very prevalent, and is a disease which i* Medical Department. 85 Aggravated by every change of weather, more especially in the fall and \vinter months. It is considered, and that justly, a very hard disease to cure, but with caution, time, and a rational course of treatment, it can be cured. The difficulty with most persons is, they think that it is an uncommon disease, and consequently they must obtain some uncom- mon preparation to cure it; instead of which, some of the more simple remedies, as follows, will cure nearly every case, if persevered in a sufficient length of time. First, then^ take the: Alterative for Diseases of the Skin.— Compound tincture of Peruvian bark, 6 ozs. ; lluid extract of sarsaparilla, 1 lb. ; extract of conium, ^ oz.; iodate of potash, (often called hydriodate), 3^ oz. ; iodine, 3^ dr. ; dissolve the extract of conium and the powders in a little of the fluid, and mix all. DoSE. — Two tea-spoons three times daily, before meals, until all is taken. Shake the bottle well before using. In the next place, take the: 2. Gargle for Sore Throat.— Very strong sage tea, }^ pt. ; strained honey, common salt, and strong vinegar, of each 2 table spoons; cayenne, the pulverized, one rounding tea-spoon; steeping the cayenne with the sage, strain, mix, and bottle for use, gargling fi-om 4 to a dozen times daily according to the severity of the case. This is one of the very best gargles in use. By persevering some three months, I cured a case of two years' standing, where the mouths of the Eustachian tubes constantly discharged matter at their open- ings through tne tonsils into the patient's mouth, he having previously been quite deaf, the whole throat being also diseased. I used the preparation for '"Deafness" also, as mentioned under that head. Remembering always to breathe through nature's channel for the breath, the nose. Besides the foregoing, you will wash the whole surface twice a week with plenty of the " Toilet Soap," in water, wiping dry, then with a coarse dry towel rub the whole surface for ten minutes at least, and accomplish the coarse towel part of it every night and morning until the skin will remain through the day with its flushed surface and genial heat. This draws the blood from the throat and other internal organs, or in other words, equalizes the circulation. Know, and act upon this fact, and no inflammation can long exist, no matter where it is located. Blood accumulates in the part inflamed, but let it flow evenly through the whole system, and of course there can be no inflammation. You will also apply to the throat and breast the following: 3. Sore Throat Liniment. — Gum camphor, 2 ozs.; castile soap shaved fine, 1 dr. ; oil of turpentine, 1 table-spoon; oil of origanum. 86 Dr. Chase's Recipes.. % oz.; opium, ]^ oz. ; alcohol, 1 pt. In a week or ten days it will be tit for use, then bathe the parts freely 2 or 3 times daily. This liniment would be found useful in almost any throat or other disease where an outward application might be needed. , If the fore- going treatment should fail, there is no alternative but to bring in emetics with the other treatment, and continue them for a long time. I mention the emetic plan last, from the fact that so many people utterly object to the emetic treatment. But when everything else fails, that steps in and saves the patient, which goes to show how unjust the prejudice. By the phrase, a long time, I mean several weeks, twice daily at first, then once a day, and finallj' thrice to twice a week, etc. A part of this course, you will see by the following, is corroborated by the celebrated Lung and Throat Doctor, S. S. Fitch, of New York, who says " it is a skin disease, and that purifying medicines are necessary to cleanse the blood — taking long, full breaths," etc. This is certainly good sense. His treatment of throat diseases is summed up in the following: Note. — " Wear but little clothing around the neck — chew often » little nut-gall and swallow the juice — wear a wet cloth about the throat at night, having a dry towel over it — bathe f-reely all over, as In con- sumption, and especially bathe the throat with cold water every morning, also wash out the inside of the throat with cold water — avoid crowded rooms — gargle with a very weak solution of nitrate of silvei — chewing gold-thread and swallowing the juice and saliva from it- borax and honey occasionally, and gum arable water, i^ much irritation ■^use the voice as little as possible until well, also often using a liniment externally." I had hoped for very much benefit from using croton-oil exter- nally, but time has shown that the advantage derived from it is not sufficient to remunerate for the excessive irritation caused by its contlnuetl application. 4. Smoking dried mullein leaves in a pipe not having been used for tobacco, is said to have cured many cases of Laryngitis. And I find in my last Eclectic Medical Journal so strong a corroboration, taken f roni the Medical and Surgical Reporter, of this fact, that I cannot refrain from giving the quotation. It says: " in that form of disease in which there is dryness of the trachea, icith a constant desire to clear the throaty attended with little expectoration, and considerable pain in the part effected, the mullein smoked through a pipe acts like a charm and aftbrds Instant relief. It seems to act as an anodyne in allaying irritation, while it promotes expectoration, and removes that gelatiii- ous mucus which gathers in the larynx, and, at the same time, by some unknown power, completely changes the nature of the disease, and, if persevered in, will produce a radical cure." We read in a certain place of a gentleman who waa walking Medical Department. 87 ground nriiJ tliioujyh a great city, and he came across an inscription "To the ■MiAnotcft God," — and directly we find him explaining that unknown Keing to the astonished inhabitants. And I always feel, like this old-rathioned gentleman, to cry out, upon every convenient occasion, my belief, that it was that God's great wisdom, seeing what was required, anct His exceeding goodness, providing according to our neciS'^ities, this wondeitui, and, to some, that unknown power in the tho'isaiuis of plants arouna us. What matters it to us how it is done ? \f tlie cure is performed, it is sufficient. Since the publication of the foregoing, in the ninth edition, I have been smoking the dried mullein, and recommending it to others. It has given general satisfaction for coughs and as a substitute for 'X)bacco in smoking, exhilarating the nerves, and allaying the hacking roughs from recent colds, by breathing the smoke into the lungs. In fue instance, after retiring, I could not rest from an irritation in the ipper portion of the lungs and throat, frequently hacking without e/ief only for a moment. I arose, filled my pipe with mullein, etuining to bed, I smoked the pipeful, drawing it into the lungs, and nd not cough again during the night. • An old gentleman, an inveterate smoker, from my suggestion wgan to mix the mullein with his tobacco, one-fourth at first, for a vhile, then half, and finally three-fourths; at this point he rested. It «atisHt'(l in i,)lace of the full amount of tobacco, and cured a cough Hiiich l:ad been left upon him after infiammation of the lungs. The davor can hardly be distinguished from the flavor of tobacco smoke, n rooms. It can be gathered any time during the season, the centre stem -tjmoved, carefully dried, and rubbed fine, when it is ready for use. 24 hours, fill the cavity also with the same 2 minutes, each time, then bruise the root, and lay it on gauze, and lay the gauze next to the ulcer, and wet linen clotns m the decoction and lay over the poultice ; and each time let the patient drink a wine-glass of the strong tea of the same root, with J^ of a glass of port-wine sweetened with honey. §. Dr. Buchan's work on Medicine, gives the case of a person, who liad cancer of the tongue, cured in fourteen days, as follows: Dilute nitric acid, i oz. ; honey, 2 ozs. ; pure water, 2 pts. ; mix. Dose.— Three table-spoons frequently, to be sucked past the teeth, through a quill or tube. Opium was given at night, simply to keep down pain. 9. Great Eng'llsh Eeinedy — By which a brother of Lowell Mason was cured, Is as follows: Take chloride of zinc, bloodroot, pulverized, and flour, equal quantities of each, worked into a paste and applied until tne mass comes out, then poultice and treat as a simple sore. The Rural Neio Yorker, in reporting this case, says, In applying it, "First spread a common sticking-plaster much larger tlian the cancer, cutting a circular piece from the center of it a little larger than the cancer, applying it, which exposes a narrow rim of healthy skin ; then apply the cancer plaster and keep it on twenty-four hours. On removing it, the cancer will be found to be burned into, and appears the color of an old shoe-sole, and the rim outside will appear white and parboiled, as if burned by steam. *' Dress with slippery elm poultice until suppuration takes place, then heal with any common salve." 10. Armenian Method. — In Armenia, a salve, made by boiling Medical Department. 91 oflve oil to a proper consistence for tlie use, is reported by an eastern traveler to have cured very bad cases. 11. Figs boiled in new milk until tender, then split and applied hot — cluinging twice daily, wasliing the parts every change, with some of the milk — drinking 1 gill of the milk also as often. And continuing from three to four months, is also reported to, have cured a man ninety-nine years old by using only six poundsJ whilst ten pounds cured a case of tea years' standing. The firsff application giving pain, but afterwards relief, every application. 12. Red Oak Bark. — A salve from the ashes, has long been credited for curing cancer, and as I have recently seen the method given for preparing and using it, by Isaac Dillon, of Oregon, pub- ished in a paper near him, I cannot keep the benefit of it from the oublic. The directions were sent to him by his father, John Dillon, Sen., of Zanesville, O., and, from my knowledge of the Dillon •■•» rally, I have the utmost confidence in the prescription. It is as -'Hows: TaKe red oak bark ashes, 1 peck; put on to them, boiling water, - qts. ; let it stand 12 hours; then draw off the ley and boil to a thick Milve; spread this, pretty thick, upon a thick cloth a little larger than ■jie cancer, and let it remain on 3 hours ; if it is too severe, half of that lime; the same day, or the next, apply again 3 hours, which will generally effect a cure ; after the last plaster, wash the sore with warm (nilk and water; then apply a healing salve made of mutton tallow, bark of elder, with a little resin and bees-wax, (some root of white illy may be added;) stewed over a slow fire; when the sore begins to matte rate, wash it 3 or 4 times daily, renewing the salve each time; avoid strong diet, and strong drink, but drink a tea of sassafras root ind spice-wood tops, for a week before and after the plaster. 13. Prof. R. S. Newton, of Cincinnati, uses the chloride of zinc, a saturated solution, (as strong as can be made,) or makes the chloride into a paste, with thick gum solution. In cases of large tumors he often removes the bulk of them with a knife, then applies the solution, or paste, as he thinks best, to destroy any remaining roots which have been severed by the knife. 14. Prof. Calkins, of Philadelphia, prefers a paste made from yellow dock, red clo\'er, and poke, using the leaves only, of either article, in equal quantities. Boiling, straining, and simmering to a paste, applying from time to time, to cancerous growths or tumors, until the entire mass is destroyed, then poultice and heal as usual. But Dr. Beach, of N. Y., who is a man of much experience in cancers, says bewf^re of the knife, or any plaster which destroys the cancer or tumor; out first use discutients, (medicines which have a tendency to drive away swellings,) unless already ulcerated, then, mild 7 92 Dr, Chasers Recipes . poultices to keep up a discharge from the ulcer, with alteratives, lonp continued, keeping the bowels regular, etc., etc. The Vienna physi- cians, as well as Dr. Beach, allow the inualatlon of a few drops of chloroform where the pain is excruciating. And I would say, apply' a little externall)^ also around the sore. Cancers should not be disturbed as long as they do not grow nor ulcerate, but as soon as either begins, then is the time to begin with them. COSTIVENESS.— To Cure.— Costive habits are often brought on by neglecting to go to stool at the usual tune, for most persons have a regular daily passage, and the most usual time is at rising in the morning, or immediately after breakfast; but hurry, or negligence, for the want of an understanding of the evil arising from putting it off, these calls of nature are suppressed; but let it be understood, nature. like a good workman or student, has a time for each duty; then nol only let her work at her own time, but if tardy go at this time and nol only aid but solicit her call, or in other words: When nature calls, at either door. Do not attempt to bluff her ; Bat haste away, night or day, Or, health is sure to suffer. The above, with attention to diet, using milk, roasted apples, ant if not dyspeptic, uncooked apples, pears, peaches, etc., at meal time. "Yankee Brown Bread," or bread made of unbolted wheat, if pre fered, and avoiding a meat diet, will in most cases soon remedy th*. difficulty. However: 2. In Very Obstinate Cases. — Take extract of henbane, ^ dr extract of colocynth, % dr. ; extract of nux vomica, 3 grs.; carefullj work into pill mass, and form into 15 pills. Dose. — One pill nigh' and morning. Continue their use until the difllculty is overcome, at the samk time, following the previous directions, faithfully. With many per sons, the following will be found all sufficient : 3. Brandy, 3^ pt. ; and put into it rhubarb root, bruised, 1 dr. , hierapicra, 1 oz. ; and fennel seed, 3^ oz. After it has stood for several days, take a table-spoon of it three times daily, before eating, until it operates, then half the quantity, or a little less, just sufficient to establish a daily action of the bowels, until all is taken. Or, the second pill under the head of " Eclectic Liver Pill," may be taken as an alterative to bring about the action ot the liver, which is, of course, more or less inactive in most cases of long continued costiveness. 4. Corn meal, 1 table-spoon stirred up in sufficient cold water to drink well, and drank in the morning, immediately after rising, has, with perseverance, cured manjr bad cases. 5. A fresh egg beat in a gill of water and drank on rismg in t3» Medical Department. 93 morning, and at each meal, for a week or ten days, has cured ohstinate cases. It might be increased to two or three at a time as the stomach will bear. CHRONIC GOUT.— To Cure.— "Take hot vinegar, and put into it all the table salt which it will dissolve, and bathe the parts affected with a soft piece of flannel. Rub in with the hand, and dry the foot,, etc.. by the fire- Repeat this operation four times in the 24 hours, 15. minutes each time, for four days; then twice a day for the same period; tlien once, and follow this rule whenever the symptoms show them- selves at any future time." The philosophy of the above formula is as follows: Chronic gout proceeds from the obstruction of the free circulation of the blood (in *,he parts affected) by the deposit of a chalky substance, which is gen- erally understood to be a carbonate and phosphate of lime. Vinegar -ind salt dissolve these; and the old chronic compound is broken up. The carbonate of lime, etc., become acetate and mui-iate, and these .leing soluble, are taken up by the circulating system, and discharged i»j' secretion. This fact will be seen by the gouty joints becoming less ui bulk until they assume their natural size. During this process, the biomach and bowels should be occasionally regulated by a gentle purgative. Abstinence from spiritous libations; exercise in the open air, and especially in the morning; freely bathing the whole surface; eating only the plainest food, and occupying the time by study, or ttsef ul employment, ai-e very desirable assistants. 2. Gout Tincture. — Veratrum viride, (swamp hellebore,) )^ oz.; vipium, ^ oz. ; wine, % pt. ; let them stand for several days. Dose.— 15 to 30 drops, according to the robustness of the patient, at intervals of two to four hours. M. Husson, a French officer, introduced this remedy in gout some the hand; also, electricity scientifically applied, that is by a Pliysiciai or some one who has studied the nature and operations of the electrical machine. This liniment should be applied so freely, that about an ounc« i day will be consumed, on an arm or leg, and if a whole side is palsied proportionally more. In cases of pains in the stomach or side a tea spoon will be taken with unusual success ; or for pain in the head apply to the surface, always bearing in mind that some should b* taken internally whenever an external application is made. In sprain, and bruises wliere the surface is not broken it will be found ver* efficacious. It may be successfully rubbed over the seat of an* internal disease accompanied with pain. ENLARGED TONSILS.- To Cure.— Where the tonsils are en larged from colds, or epidemic sore throat, Take No..»i«, 1 oz. ; molasses, 2 ozs. ; and hot water, 4 ozs.; \t\\\ and sip a little into the throat often, swallowing a little also ; it keeps up a discharge of saliva from those parts and thus relieves their swollen condition ; and stimulates to renewed healthy action. It has proved very efficacious in the above epidemic cases, whicii leave the tonsils much indurated (hardened), as well as swollen, with a tendency to chronic inflammation of the whole larynx, or throat, oftei with little ulcers. In that case: Put 10 grs. of nitrate of silver t; 1 oz. of water, with 3 or 4dropb of creosote, and swab the throat with it, and lay a flannel wet witti turpentine upon the outside. The worst cases will shortly yield to this mild treatment. Should there, however, be a disposition to fever, you might also put the feet Medical Department 95 into Tiot water fifteen or twenty minutes, with occasional sponging the whole surface. SICK HEAD-ACHE.— To Cure.— Sick head-ache, proper, arises from acidity, or over-loading the stomach ; when it is not from over eatins:, all that is necessary, is to soak the feet in hot water about twenty minutes, drinking at the same time some of the herb-teas, such as pennyroyal, catnij), or mint, etc., then get into bed, cover up warm and keep up a sweating process for about an hour, by which time relief will have been obtained; but when food has been taken which remains in the stomach, it is much the best way to take an emetic, and :lie following is the: 2. Eclectic tmetic— Which is composed of lobelia, and ipeca- cuanha, equal parts, and bloodroot half as much as of either of the others, each pulverized separately, and mix thoroughly. DoSE. — Half a common tea-spoon every 15 or 20 minutes in some of the warm teas, for instance, camomile flowers, pennyroyal, or boneset — drinking freely between doses of the same tea in which you take it; continue until you get a free and full evacuation of the contents of the stomach. After the operatioiu and when the stomach becomes a little set- tled, some nourishment will be desired, when any of the mild broths, or gruel, should be taken, in small quantities, without fear of increas- ing the difficulty. "There is, probably, no emetic surpassing this, either in efficacy of action, or efficiency in breaking up morbid, unhealthy conditions of the system generally, and exciting healthy action. It is excellent in croup, chronic affections of the liver or stomach etc., and in fact, when and wherever an emetic is needed." — Beach. But after a full trial of both, upon my own person and others, I prefer lobelia seed alone, pulverized, when used. The manner of ddministering them has been the cause of bringing the lobelia emetic into disrepute. I take " Thompson's Composition " tea, made as there directed and drink two saucers of it, fifteen minutes apart, and with the third I stir in one rounding tea-spoon of lobelia seed, pulverized, and drink it: then every fifteen minutes I take another saucer of the tea until free vomiting takes place, not taking any more of the lobelia; by this course I think it more efficient and thorough than the mixed emetic, and entirely fi-ee from danger of the "alarming symptoms," as they are called, brought on by continuing to give the lobelia every few minutes instead of waiting its action, and all for want of knowl- edge as to what that action should be; but if you give it its own time, continuing the stimulating tea, it will have its specific action, which is to vomit, no matter at which end it is introduced. When it begins to vomit it will generally continue its action until it empties the stomach, then I begin to substitute the composition with: 3. Bread Tea, Used in Taking Emetics. — Made by taking a piece g6 Dr. Cease's Recipn. of dry bread and crumbing it into a bowl, with a little salt, peppet, and butter, to suit the taste, then pouring boiling water upon it; this soon allays the retching, and strengthens the stomach to renewed healthy action. Periodical Headache. — There are those who have sick headache coming on at periods of from a few weeks to two or three months, lasting two or three days, accompanied with nausea, and occasionally with vomiting. In these cases after using the emetic to relieve the , present attack, take the Cathartic Syrup next following: 4. Cathartic Syrup. — Best senna leaf, 1 oz. ; jalap, ^ oz., but- ternut, the inner bark of the root, dried and bruised, 2 ozs. ; pepper- mint leaf, J^ oz. ; fennel seed, 3^ oz. ; alcohol, J^ pt. ; water, Vy^ pts. ; sugar, 2 lbs.; put all into the spirit and water, except the sugar, and let it stand 2 weeks, then strain, pressing out from the dregs, adding the sugar and simmering a few minutes only, to form the syrup. If it should cause griping in any case, increase the fennel seed and pepper- mint leaf. Dose. — One table-spoon, once a day, or less often if the bowels become too loose up to the next period when the headache might have been expected, and it will not be forthcoming. This is a mild purgative, and especially pleasant. Most persons, after a trial of it, will adopt it for their general cathartic, and especi' ally for children. Increase or lessen the dose, according to the eflfecl desired- Females in a weak and debilitated condition, often have a head- ache which is purely sympathetic; this they will distinguish by theii general weakness, irregularities, and light-headedness, often amount- ing to real pain; in such cases take the following: 5. Headache Drops. — Castor, gentian, and valerian roots, bruised, }r^ oz. ; laudanum, 1 oz. ; sulphuric ether, \^ ozs.; alcohol, 3^ pt.*, water, 3^ pt. ; put all into a bottle and let stand about 10 days. Dose. — A tea-spoon as often as required, or 2 or 3 times daily. 6. Tincture of Blood-Root. — Made by putting 1 oz. of ihe dried, bruised root, to 1 pt. of gin, and taking 1 tea-spoon, before eating, every morning, and only eating a reasonable amount of easUy digested food. Has worked wonders in cases where headache has been of very long standing. And it might not be amiss to say that the majority of headaches are found amongst those who are disposed to Dyspepsia, by long continued over-eating, then reducing the gastric juice by over- drinking, even of water, tea or coflFee. A Niles paper gives one which is easily tried. It is as follows: 7. " Charcoal, a Cure for Sick Headache. — It is stated that two tea-spoons of finely powdered charcoal, drank in hair a tumbler of water, will, in less than 15 minutes, give relief to the sick headache, when caused, as in most cases it is, by superabundance or acid on th« Medical Department. 97 stomach. We have tried this remedy time and again, and its efficacy In every instance has been signally satisfactory." When headache has been brought on by eating too freely of boiled beef, cabbage, etc., or any other indigestible dinner, one cup of "good tea," at tea time, eating only a slice of dry bread, will often allay the nervousness, quiet the head, and aid in getting to sleep. The " Grood- Samaritan " applied to the head is also good. . DELIRIUM TREMENS.— To Obtain Sleep.— Give an emetic of' ipecacuanha, then give 15 to 18 grs. of the same, every 2 hours, using the shower bath, and giving all the beef tea the patient desires. The jail Physician of Chicago reports thirty-six favorable cases treated as above. In Boston, at the " House of Correction," the danger arising from the sudden loss of their accustomed stimulus, according to Puritanic economy, is overcome by administering, freely, a strong iecoction of wormwood. . 2. Stimulating Anodyne. — Sulphate of quinine, 12 grs. ; sulphate ■jf morphine, 1 gr. ; mix, and divide into 6 powders. Dose. — One Qowder every hour. Prof. King, of Cincinnati, O., says that from two to four powders of the above anodyne, will nearly every time produce sleep in this whisky 4elirium. TYPHUS FEVER.— To Preyent Infection.— Take nitre, (saltpetre) pulverized, % oz. ; oil of vitriol, ^ oz. ; put the nitre into a tea-cup and 4et it on a red hot shovel, adding the vitriol one-sixth at a time, stirring It with a pipe stem; avoiding the fumes as they rise from the cup; no 4anger, however, in breathing the air of the room. The above amount is sufficient for a room twelve by sixteen feet, and less or more according to the size of other rooms. Dr. J. C. Smith, of London, is said to have received from Parliament £5000 for making this recipe public. 2. To purify the air from noxious effluvia in sick rooms, not of a contagious character, simply slice three or four onions, place them upon a plate ujjon the floor, changing them three or four times in the twenty four hours. 3. Disinfectant, for Rooms, Meat, and Fish.— Common salt, 3^ a tea-cup; sulphuric acid, 2 or 3 ozs. ; put about 3^ oz. of the acid upon the salt at a time, every 15 minutes, stirring, until all is put on. Which will purify a large room ; and for meat or fish, hang them up in a box, having a cover to it, and thus confine the gas, and tainted articles of food will soon be purified, by the same operation. And notwithstanding so much was paid for the " Smith Disinfectant," the above will be found equally good. 4. Coflee, dried and pulverized, then a little of it sprinkled upon a hot shovel, will, in a few minutes, clear a room of all impure effluvia, *nd especially of an animal character. 98 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 5. Cbloride of Lime. — Half a saxioer of it, moistened with an equal mixture of good vinegar and water, a few drops at a time only, will purify a sick-room in a few minutes. SWEATING PREPARATIONS.— Sweating Drops.— Ipecacuanha, saffron, Virginia snakeroot, and camphor gum, each 2 ozs.; opium, 1^ oz. ; alcohol, 2 qts. Let stand 2 weeks, shaking occasionally. Dose.— A tea-spoon in a cup of hot pennyroyal, spearmint, or catnip tea, every half hour, until perspiration is induced; then once an hour, foi a few hours. It is excellent in colds, fevers, pleurisy, inflammation of the lungs, etc. It is good to soak the feet in hot water at the same time. 2. Sweating with Burning Alcohol. — Pour alcohol into a saucer, to about half fill it; place this under a chair; strip the person to be sweated, of all clothing, and place him in the chair, putting d comforter over him, also; now light a match and throw it into tht saucer of alcohol, which sets it on fire, and by the time the alcohol i. burned out he will be in a profuse perspiration, if not, put in halt jn much more of alcohol and fire it again, which will accomplish the object then rise up and draw the comforter around you, and get into bed following up with hot teas and sweating drops, as in the first above. This last plan of sweating is also good in recent coias, pleurisy inflammation of the lungs, and all other inflammatory diseases, eitliei in recent attacks, or of long standing complaints. See the closin«, remarks after the treatment of " Pleurisy," also " Ginger Wine." IMPERIAL DROPS.— For Gravel and Kidney Complaints.- Take saltpetre, 1 oz. ; putting it into an iron mortar, dropping in j. live coal with it, which sets it on fire; stir it around until it all meltt down into the solid form, blow out the coals, and pulverize it; ther. take an equal amount of bicarbonate of potassia, or saleratus, ano dissolve both in soft water, 3 ozs. Dose.- From 20 to 30 drops, morning and evening, in a swallow of tea made from flaxseed, or a solution oJ gum arable. In connection with the drops, let the patient take from a table- spoon to two or three table-spoons of onion juice — that is. all the stomach will bear — eating all the raw onions he can, and continue it until free of the compiaint. I have seen gravel the size of a comn^on quill, crooked, and one and one-fourth inches in length, which a lady passed from the bladder, and smaller bits almost innumerable, by the simple use of onion juice alone. The onion juice, (red onions are said to be the best,) has, and may be injected through a catheter into the bladder, have no tears to do this, for I know a physician of forty years' practice who has done it five times with success — a physician, however, would have to be called to introduce the catheter. 3. In what is termed "Fits of the gravel," that is wherp sm.nl) Medical Department. ^ graye) has become packed in the ureter, (tube which leads from the kidney to the bladder,) causing excruciating pain in that region, a pill of opium must be given, varying in size from one to three grains, ac- cording to tlie pain, strength, and age of the patient. 3. A strong decoction made by using a large handful of smart- weed, adding a gill of gin, and a gill each of horse-mint and onion juices, and taking all in 12 hours, has been known to discharge gravel in large quantities. — Philadelphia Eclectic Journal. The surest sign of gravel is the dark appearance of the urine, as if mixed with coffee grounds, and a dull pain in the region of the kidney — if only inflammation, the darkness will not appear. See the closing remarks upon " Gout." CAMPHOR ICE.— For Chapped Hands or Lips, — Spermaceti tallow, IJ^ozs. ; oil of sweet almonds, 4 tea-spoons; gum camphor, % oz.; made line. Set on the stove until dissolved, constantly stirring. Use only just sufficient heat to melt them. Whilst warm, pour into moulds if desired to sell, then paper and put up in tin-foil. If for your own use, put up in a tight box. Apply to the chaps or ci-acks two or three times daily, especially at bed time. BURNS.— Salve for Burns, Frost-Bites, Cracked Nipples, etc.— Equal parts of turpentine, sweet oil, and bees-wax ; melt the oil and wax together, and when a little cool, add the turpentine, and stir until cold, wliich keeps them evenly mixed. Apply by spreading upon thin cloth — linen is the best. I used this salve upon one of my own children, only a year and a half old, which had pulled a cup of hot coffee upon itself, beginning on the eyelid and extending down the face, neck and breast, also over the shoulder, and in two places across the arm, the skin coming off with the clothes ; in afteen minutes from the application of the salve, the child was asleep, and it never cried again from the burn, and not a particle of scar left. It is good for chaps on hands or lips, or for any other sore. If put on burns before blistering has taken place, they will not blister. And if applied to sore or cracked nipples every time after the child nurses, it soon cures them also. For nipples, simply rubbing it on is suflScient- I find it valuable also for pimples, and common healing purposes ; and I almost regret to acid any other preparations for the same purposes, tor fear tliat some will neglect this ; but as there may be cases where some of the following can be made when the above cannot, I give a few others known to be valuable. The first one is from Dr. Downer, of Dixboro, within six miles of our city ; he used it in a case where a boy fell backwards into a tub of hot water, scalding the whole buttock, thighs, and privates, making a bad scald jn a bad place, but he suc- ceeded in bnuging him successfully through, and from its containing opium, it might be preferable to the first in deep and very extensive «-*c 160 * Dr. Chate's R&cipes. burns, but in that case the opium might be added to tlie flisi. Il is a, follows : 2. Dr. Downer's Salre for Burns.— Bees-wax, 4 ozs. ; opium, "% oz. ; sugar of lead, 1 oz. ; melt the bees- wax, and rub tne lead up in the wax, then the opium ; and finally add about a gill of sweet oil, or sufficient to make a salve of proper consistence. Spread lightly on cloth— no pain, he says, will be felt under its use He highly recommends it for the pain and inliammaiiou of Piles, also : 3. Poultice for Burns and Frozen Flesh.— A. Btonson, of Mead- ville. Pa., says, from 15 years' experience, that Indian meal poulticed covered with young hyson tea, moistened with hoi water, and laid over burns or frozen parts, as hot as can be borne, will relieve the pain in 5 minutes, and that blisters, if they have not, will not arise, and that one poultice is usually sufficient. 4. Salve for Burns.— Bees-wax, Burgundy pitch, white pine pitch, and resin, of each, \^ lb. ; mutton tallow, Y^ lb. ; goose oil, 1 gill ; tf-i"? /^ gill ; mixed and melted together, and used as other salves. This was used successfully on a very bad case, burned all over the face, neck, breast, bowels, etc., soothing and quieting pain, giving rest and sleep directly. 5. Garden and Kitchen Salve foi- Uurus and Frost Bites.— Live forever and sweet clover leaves, camomile and sweet elder, the inner bark, a handful of each; simmer them m fresh butter and mutton tal- low, of each, ^^ lb. ; when crisped, strain out and add 2 or 3 ozs. of bees- wax to form a salve. Spread very thin on thin cloth. Mrs. Miller, of Macon, Mich., cured a bad case with this, burned by the clothes taking fire, nearly destroying the whole surface. She speaks of it in equal praise for cuts and frost-bites. See the "Green Ointment also for Chilblains." 6. The white of an egg- beat up, then beat for a long time with a table-spoon of lard, until a little water separates from them, I have found good for burns. 7. The white oxide of bismuth, rubbed up in a little lard, is also a good application in burns. 8. Glycerine and tannin, equal weights, rubbed together into an •intment, is very highly recommended for sore or cracked nipples. See " Dr. Raymond's statement in connection with the treatment of Piles." ITCHING FEET FROM FROST-BITES.- To Cure. — Take hydrochloric acid, 1 oz. ; rain water, 7 ozs.; wash the feet with it 2 or 3 times daily, or wet the socks with the preparation, until relieved. A gentleman whose feet had been frozen, in the Alns. eight yeara before, and anotlier man's had been frozen two years before, on the Sierra Nevada Mountains, were effectually cured by its use. Medical Deparin^nt. XOt tHlLBLAINS.— To Cure Published by Order of the Gorern- tbm ft of Wirtemburg. — Mutton tallow and lard of each % lb. ; melfc in an iron vessel and add hydrated oxyde of iron, 2 ozs. ; stirring continually witfi an iron spoon, until the mass is of an unifoiin black color; then let It cool and add Venice turpentine, 2 ozs. ; and Armen- ian bole, 1 oz. ; oil of bergamot, 1 dr. ; rub up the bole with a little olive oil before putting it in. Apply several times daiiy by putting it upon lint or linen — heals the worst cases in a few days. Chilblains arise from a severe cold to the part, causing inflamma- tion, often ulcerating, making deep, and very troublesome, and long- continued sores. FELONS.— If Recent, to Cure lu Six Hours.— Venice turpentine, 1 oz., auf put into it half a tea-spoon of water, and stir with a rough stick until the mass looks like candied honey; then spread a good coat on a cloth and wrap around the linger. If the case is only I'ecent, it will remove the pain in 6 hours. 2. A poke root poultice on a felon cures by absorption, unless •natter is already formed; if it is, it soon brings it to a head, and thus »aves much pain and suftering. 3. Blue flag and helebore roots, equal parts, boiled in milk and (vater, then soak the felon in it for twenty mmutes, as hot as can be oorne, and bind tlie roots on the parts for one hour, has cured many felons, when commenced in time. 4. A poultice of clay, from an old log house, made and kept wet with spirits of camphor, is also good. 5. Felou Ointment. — Take sweet oil, )4. Pt-> and stew a 3 cent plug of tobocco in it until the tobacco is crisped; then squeeze it out and add red lead, 1 oz., and boil until black; when a little cool, add pulTerized camphor gum, 1 oz. Mrs. Jordan, of Clyde, O., paid ten dollars for this recipe, and has cured many bad felons, as well as fellows, with it. Bad fellows because they did not pay hei*. Certainly, this is a rational use of tobacco. 6. Felon Salve. — A salve made by burning one table-spoon of cojiperas, then pulverizing it and mixing with the yolk of an ^^%^ is said to relieve the pain, and cure the felon in twenty-four hours; then heal with cream two parts, and soft soap one part. Apply the healing salve daily after soaking the part in warm water. DEAFNESS.— If Recent, to Cure— if not, to Relieve.— Hen's oil, 1 gill; and a single handful of the sweet clover raised in gardens ; stew it in the oil until the juice is all out, strain it and bottle for use. "Where deafness is recent, it will be cured by putting three or four drops daily into the ear, but if of long-standing, much relief will be <^'>iained if continued a sufficient length of time. loft Dr. Chase's Recipes. 2. Much has been said in France about suiphunc ether first triect by Madame Cleret, of Paris; and, although she lost her reason by the elation of feeling brouglit on, no doubr, bj"^ the lionor given her for the discovery, yet tlie continued trial of tlie article does not give the satisfaction which liad been hoped for, from its first success. WARTS AND CORNS.— To Cure in Ten Minutes Take a small piece of potash and let it stand in the open air until it slacks, then thicken it to a paste with pulverized gum arable, which prevents ii from spreading where it is not wanted. Pare off tlie seeds of the wart or the dead skin of the corn, and apply the paste, and let it remain on ten minutes; wash off, and soak the place in sharp vinegar or sweet oil, either of which will neutralize the alkali. Now do not jam nor squeeze out the wart or corn, like " street-corner peddlers," but leave them alone, and nature wil) remove them without danger of taking cold, as would be if a sore is made by pinching them out. Corns are caused by pressure; in most cases removing the pressure cures the corn. Nine of every ten corn? can be cured by using twice, daily, upon it any good liniment, anP wearing loose shoes or boots. See " Good Samaritan." 2. Cure for Corns. — If a cripple will take a lemon, cut off a piece, then nick it so as to let in the toe with the corn, the pulp next the corn — tie this on at niglit, so that it cannot move — he will find next morning, tliat, with a blunt knife, the corn will come away to a great extent. Two or three applications of this will make a '* poor cripple '' happy for life. — London Field. 3. Acetic acid, touched to hai'd or soft corns, night and morning, for one week, will cure them. So will the Samaritan Liniment, which see. 4. Dr. Hariman's Innocent and Sure Cure for Corns, Warts and Chilblains. — Nitric and muriatic acids, blue vitriol, and salts ot tartar, of each 1 oz. ; add the blue vitriol, pulverized, to either of the acids, and in tlie same way add the salts of tartar; when done foam- ing, add tlie other acid, and in a fews days it will be fit for use. Directions. — For frosted feet, rub them with a swab or brush, wet witli this solution verj-- lightly, every part that is red and dry; in a day or two, if not cured, apply again as before. For corns, apply i I like manner, scraping off" dead skin before using. For warts, wet • rice a week until they disappear, which will be soon, for it is a certain Mire in all the above cases, and very cheap. So says the Doctor, of Andez'son, Ind. 5. A gentleman in Ohio offers to pay ten dollars apiece for all corns not cured in' three days by binding a bit of cotton batting upon it, and wetting L three times a day with spirits of turpe.itine. 6. I am assured by a gentleman of Syracuse, N- Y-. that a Medical Department. ^05 (jlaster of the '' Green Mountain Salve," put upon a com, will com- pletely cure it by the linie it naturally comes off. LINIMENTS— <)}oo(l Samaritau— Improved,— Take 98 per cent. alcohol, 2 qts.. ami add to it the following articles: Oils of sassafras, hemlock, spirits of turpentine, tincture of cayenne, catachu, guaicaci, (^uac.) and laudanum, of each, 1 oz. ; tincture of myrrh, 4 ozs.; oil of origanum, 2 ozs.; oil of wintergreen, 3^ oz. ; gum camphor, 2 ozs.j and chloroform, \y^ ozs. I have used the above liniment over five years, and cannot speak ♦^^00 highly of its value; I have cured myself of two severe attacks of rheumatism with it. the first in the knee and the last in the shoulder, three years after; mj' wife has cured two corns on the toes with it, by •vetting tiiem twice daily for a few days; and it is hard to think of mything which it has not cnred, such as sprairs, bruises, cuts, jams, heumatism, weak back, i-educing swellings, curing leg-ache in children Tom over-piayiufi:, for horse flesh, &c. But you will allow me one "emark about liniments— they ought in all cases to be put on and •ubbed in from twenty to thirty minutes, and laying the hand on the oart until it burns from its effects, instead of one or two minutes, as is «lie usual custom; and if made by the quart, you can use them freely, ds the cost is only about one-eighth as much as to purchase the two- shilling bottles. Wetting flannel with the liniment, and binding on, daughter took it internally for a cough also, with success. 7. Great London Liniment. — Take chloroform, olive oil, and aqua ammonia, of each 1 oz.; acetate of morphia, 10 grs. Mix> and use as other liniments. Very valuable. S. Gum Liniment. — Take gum myrrh, gum camphor, and gum opium, of each 3^ oz. ; cayenne pepper, i^ oz. ; alcohol, 1 pt. ; mix. This liniment is ready for use in three or four days, and is very highly I'ecommended by E. Burrows, of Matamora. Lapeer Co., Mich. He prefers rum, if a g^od article can be got, in placfe or the alcohol. This would be excellent in cnolic or diarrhoea, also. 9. Patent Liniment. — In order that those who puj-chase the patent liniments may know what thev are buying, I give a formula from which over twelve thousand dol]»n»' worth of iiniment was Medical Department. 105 lU two years' time, but one of the partnei's going out of the firm, and into the livery business, gave me the plan as follows: Take whisky, 15 gals.; and put into it 2 lbs. of capsicum, pulver- ized, let it stand 10 days and percolate, or draw oflF the whisky, free of the sediment ; in the meantime take 1 gal. of the spirits of turpen- tine, and put into it oils of origanum, horse-mint, sassafras, and hemlock, 6 ozs. e icli ; add gum camphor, 2 lbs. Mix, and it is ready to sell, for the purpose of gulling those who suppose everybody to be honent because they ai'e themselves so. But that no loss may arise from the space this liniment recipe occupies here, I will tell you how to make a good liniment by using a part of that with the following: Take of the patent liniment, 8 ozs. ; sweet oil and oils of origa- num, sassafras and aqua ammonia, of each, 2 ozs., and mix, shaking well as used, and this mixture will make a splendid horse liniment, with which you can easily blister, by bandaging the part if desired, Knd wetting the bandage with it. The first would cost less than $1.00 per gallon, whilst the retail price, two shillings per bottle, makes it oyer $2.00 per quart. See where your money goes. 10. Lobelia and Cayenne Liniment. — Take a quart bottle and put into it J^ oz. of cayenne, pulverized, then put in 3 ozs. of lobelia herb, and till up the bottle with whisky; in two weeks it is ready for nse, and applicable for cuts, bruises, strains, sprains, etc. ; and it will heal cork cuts in the feet of oxen or horses, without stopping them from labor, and with but very little soreness, by applying two or three times daily. I know a gentleman who had a gash cut in his scalp, four inches in length, and to the skull in depth, by a falling limb, which by the use of this liniment only, as strange as it maj' appear, it healed with- out pain or soreness. But some may object to it as a whisky liniment. I admit it to be such, but by knowing how to make it yourselves, you get it for a whisky price, and if it be not found as good as one-half of the two-shillings-a-bottle liniments, then you may tell me that I do not know when I have a good thing. 11. Liniment — Said to be St. Jolm's. — For 70 dozen bottles, take spirits of turpentine and seneca oils, of each 4 gals. ; linseed or sweet oil, 2 gals. ; oils of origanum, hemlock, juniper, amber, and laudanum, of each 3 qts. ; spirits of ammonia, 1 qt. ; tincture of arnica, 2 gals. ; camphor gum, 1 lb. Put all into a keg and shake well ; when you wish to fill into small bottles, shake it well and draw into a convenient bottle or pitcher to pour from ; and shake it well every time you fill five bottles; and shake the bottle whenever you use the liniment; thus it might be Cixlled Shaking Liniment. No matter what you call it, hewever, it is a good one. io6 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. I obtained the recipe of a young man wlio worlied in Mr. Si. John's store over a year ; yet much care was taken to prevent the linowledge ol its exact composition from being found out by assistants; it is a welf known fact, however, that an observing mind can learn much; although not expressed in words. Perhaps he will blame me for pub- lishing information gained in that way, but I obtain knowledge for the benefit of the people ; and as I have called on the Doctor two different times, to sell my work, but could not succeed, I do not feel under any special obligations to him, and if I did, I go in for the greatest good to the greatest number. Were it not s6, I should not publish much that is contained in this work, for there are many persons who have, and are making fortunes out of single recipes, now published for the benefit of the world. Because I could not sell my Recipes to I. L. St. John, a Druggist, of Tiffin, O., however, is not sajang I do not sell them to Druggists generally, as I do. In Aurora, 111., I sold to six, and in Pomeroy, O., to seven, every one in either place, which is not common. They are, however, not only anxious to obtain information generally, but also willing to impart it to others ; and how Mr. St. John should have obtained as good recipes as the ones here attributed to him. Without sometime having bought, is a little surprising ; for, as a general rule, tnose wno put out " Patent Medicines," are not themselves the origina- tors of the recipes ; even Dr. Jayne is reported^ I know not how truly, to have picked up the recipe in an out-house, for his celebrated Altera- tive. I say, then, am I not justified in publishing these recipes ? Nay, more ! am I not honorable in thus benefiting the people ? I rest the matter with them ; always willing to abide their decision. Persons only wishing to put up for their own use, will take one- seventieth the various amounts, which will be about as follows: Turpentine and seneca oils, of each 1% ozs. ; sweet oil and tinctura of arnica, of each %% ozs. ; oils of origanum, hemlock, juniper, am- ber, and laudanum, of each \% ozs. ; spirits of ammonia, )^ oz. ; and gum camphor, i^ oz. ; which makes a little less than 1 qt, there being 64 qts., besides the gum camphor, in the whole amount. This calculation will be sufficiently near for all practical purposes. I have sold the condition powder and liniment, out of the drug store, made by the Doctor, which has always given good satisfaction. And I think any one who tries both will be as well pleased with those made from these recipes as with that which is sent out from Tiffin, and make it for one-fourth the cost of the other. COD LITER OIL.— Made Palatable and More Digestible.— To each bottle, add fine table-salt, 1 oz. Mix well. By this very simple plan cod liver oil has its peculiar unpleasant- ness overcome, as well as made far more easy for the stomach to dispose of. But even with this improvement, I do not consider a table-spoon Medical t)eparimetii. 16^ <)tiaaJ, for consumption, to a glass of rich, sweet cream, with a tea-spooH rub the whole surface, wearing flannel next the skin, and clothi- yourself according to the weather and sex; for there is no reason whj females should not pursue about the same course. They can <\r&e> a la Bloomer, and with their father, husband, brother, or other knowh friend, derive the same benefit from out-door exercise, like field or forest rambles, botanical huntings, geological surveys, or whatevei sports or realities may give just the amount of exercise not to fatigut the invalid. For females who have families and cannot leave them, gardening will be the best substitute for travel, or of all the employments which- can be engaged in. Lastly, — Those who are already far down the consumptive track, and confined at home, will derive much benefit by using, at each meal, half a pint of rich, fresh cream. In all cases it is ahead of Cod-Livei Oil, with none of its disagreeableness. And if it can be boriie, a taa- fe) a table-spoon of the best brandy may be added. Medical Department. . 109 Much is being said, nowadaj'S, about the necessity of constant Inflation of the lungs by long-drawn breaths, holding the breath, also, as long as possible, when thus fully inflated; but, for those whose lungs are extensively diseased, it is not only useless, but very danger- ous, from the liabiltt}'^ to burst blood-vessels in the lungs, causing hemorrhage, if not instant death. In the commencement of the disease, however, or for those in health, the practice is decidedly good. 3. Half a pint of new milk, with a wine-glass of expressed juice of green hoarhound, each morning for a month, is said to have worked wonders in relieving the soreness of the lungs, and giving tone to the general health in this aisease. 3. Chlorate of PoVash, for Consumption, — A gentleman of Iowa read a paper about a year ago before the " American Medical Associa- tion," upon the subject of Chlorate of Potash in Consumption, giving the history of a few cases only. For the want of a more extended trial of it, the Association thought best not to publish his paper, but referred it back to him, and to the consideration of the other members for further test. Amongst those members is Dr. A. B. Palmer, of this city, one of the Vice-Presidents of the Association, and Professor of " Practice, Ma- teria Medica," etc., in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor — by the way, a gentleman and a scholar. Having had much experience in practice, he saw fit to give it a trial. He has'used it in about thirty cases, and with a single exception with marked success; and in that «ase there was at first much improvement, but the patient was a German who does not understand our language very well, and from this fact when he found that it caused a heat or burning sensation in the stomach instead of going to the professor and have the quantity lessened, he abandoned it altogether. But through Prof. Palmer's kindness I have been permitted to refer to other cases where a very marked amelioration has taken place. One of these, a married lady, although her lungs were full of tubercles, with much coughing, soreness of the lungs, with sharp pains upon full breaths being taken, etc., finds her cough loose, soreness all gone, and that full breaths can be taken without pain, (or stitching, as commonly called,) and fully believes that if she could have had this prescription early in the disease, she would now have been well, yet derives much relief from its use. Another lady has been using it only a few months, and finds that her symptoms are all very much relieved, and she has gained seventeen pounds in flesh. The Professor assures me that in the first few cases where he prescribed the chlorate, the benefits were so marked, it was really astonishing; which, of course, caused him to go on in its use, until, as before remarked, about thirty cases have been more or less benefited by its use, under his care. no Dr. Chase's Recipes. His method of giving it is to put about a tea-spoon of tin cnsorate into a glass of water, wiiicli is to be drank a little at a tim«, In from six to twenty-four hours, with other appropriate treatment. If in any case the chlorate should cause a heat or burning nensation at the stomach, lessen the quantity; and unless this does occur, no apprehensions need be felt in using it. It improves the general symp- toms, lessening the pulse, etc., whilst the Cod-Liver Oil has never done anything more than to benefit merely as food; anc« f»-om its very disgusting smell and taste, and the almost impossibility ol keeping it upon the stomach, I greatly prefer the fresh sweet crea-vA mentioned above, or the fat meat, as mentioned below. The hyper-phosphites have been extensively used, bar Professor Palmer tells me that in Paris and other parts of Europe, where he traveled during the past summer, that not one well authern<,lcated case of cure by them can be produced. But he feels much encouraged to hope that the chlorate will prove itself worthy of great conhdence. The above was written one year ago ; and the reports coming i.. since then, both in America and from Europe, more than confirm the expected, benefits and hoped-for advantages from the use or the ctdoraXb in this disease. 4. Remarks on the Use of Fat Meats— Preyentive of Consump* tion. — There is so much said against the use of fat meats, and especially pork, as an aiticle of diet, that I cannot better close my remarks upon this subject than by giving the opposite opinions of those In high places, corroborated also by my own experience. Dr. Dixon, of the Scalpel^ some time ago, assumed the position that "the use of oils would diminish the victims of consumption nine-tenths, and that that was the whole secret of the use of Cod-Livei Oil, to take the place of fat meats." Dr. Hooker's observations on the use of fat meats, connected with consumption, are as follows : "First. — Of all persons between the ages of 15 and 22 years, more than one-fifth eat no fat meat. Second. — Of persons at the age of 45, all, excepting less than 1 in 50, habitually use fat meat Third. — Of persona who, between the ages of 15 and 22, avoid fat meat, a few acquire an appetite for it, and live to a good old age, while the greater portion die with phthisis (consumption) before 35. Fourth. — Of persons dying with phthisis between the ages of 12 and 45, nine- tenths, at least, have never used fat meats." " Most individuals who avoid fat meat, also use little butter or oily gravies, though many compensate for this want in part, at least, by a free use of those articles, and also milk, eggs, and various saccharine substances. But they constitute an imperfect substitute for fat meat, without which, sooner or later, the body is almosfc «o»e to show the effects of deficient ealorification," Medical Department. Ill A l«cfy-leoturer recently said in this city, in one of her lectures : '* Pec a piece of por^' before a lady: oh, horrible! the dirty, nasty, 51thy stuflF ; give us chicken — clean, nice chicken." Now this lady, certainly, was no farmer's wife, or she would have observed that the habits of chickens are ten times more tilthy than that of the hog, if it be possible; for even the hog's leavings and droppings are carefully, overhauled by them, and much of it appropriated to " ladies' meat."' But their filthiness is no argument in either case; for nature's strainei* (the stomach) throws off" all impurities. Why do so many young ladies, young clergymen, and students, die of consumption ? Simply because chicken or other lean meats, hot biscuit, etc., without exercise, mnke up the sums of their diet; when, if they would eat fat meats, with bread not less than one day old, scrub floors, saw wood, or other irm exercise, according to sex, an hour at each end of each day, they might be spared for years — perhaps to long lives of usefulness, to \heir families, congregations, or the world. 5. So far as pork is concerned as food, the following rule may we safely followed : If it agrees with the stomach, which is known oy it« digesting without "risings," as it is called, its use may be sontiiiued, but if it rises, lessen the quantity, and if it still rises, Abandon its use altogether; but it digests better with me than mutton ■)r chicken, and I have been ti-ying them for nearly Jifty years. The «ime rule is good for all articles of food. As to exercise, for men who ■ire not regular laborers, wood-sawing is the best, next, horseback "dding, then walking; for women, hoeing in the garden or field, next, •weeping, dusting, etc., then horseback riding, walking, etc. 6. But I have recently seen a piece going the rounds of the papers as the best cure for consumption in the world, wnich contains so much good sense that I will close my remarks on the subject by giving it a quotation, and let every one judge for themselves, which \o try, if they see fit to give either a trial. It is represented as coming from an exchange only, but from its style of remark, I think it must have started from HalVs Journal of Health : " Eat all that the appetite requires of the most nourishing food, such as fresh beef, lamb, oysters, raw eggs, fruit, vegetables, and three times a day take a glass of egg-nog, made as rich as the patient can bear. Avoid all other alcoholic drinks. Bathe twice a week in water made agreeably warm, and in a warm room; after bathing, r\ib the body and limbs with sweet cream or sweet oil. Exercise daily in the open air ; walking is the best. Stand erect, exercise the arms and lungs freely; keep the mind cheerful; take freely of the best cough (iyrup, and consumption will be a stranger to your household. "For making the best cough syrup, take 1 oz. of thorough wort ; .1 oz. of slippery elm ; 1 oz. of stick licorice, and 1 oz. of fiax seed ; dimmer together in 1 qt. of water until tbe strength is entirely 112 Dr. Chase's Recipes. extracted. Strain carefully, add 1 pt. of best molasses and )^ lb. oJ loaf sugar; simmer them all well togetlier, and when cold bottle tight. This is the cheapest, best, and safest medicine now or ever in use." " A few doses of one table-spoon at a time will alleviate the most distressing cough of the lungs, soothes and allays irritation, and if continued, subdues any tendency to consumption; breaks up entirely the whooping cough, and no better remedy can be found for croup, asthma, bronchitis, and all affections of the lungs and throat. Thou- sands of precious lives may be saved every year by this chenp and simple remedy, as well as thousands of dollars which would otherwise be spent in the purchase of nostrums which are both useless and dangerous." — Exchange. For egg-nog, see " Stimulant in Low Ire- vers." OEfrMENTS.— For Old Sores.— Red precipitate, % oz.; sugar of lead, 3^ oz. ; burnt alum, 1 oz. ; white vitriol, 34 oz., or a little less; al to be very finely pulverized; have mutton tallow made warm, 3^ lo. stir all in, and stir until cool. Mr. Brownell, of Dowagiac, Michigan, thinks there is no ointment equal to this for fever or any other old sores, from actual trial, a? much so as Mr. Loomis does of his Liniment No. 2. 2. Judkin's Ointinenliv— This ointment has long been celebrated through Ohio and the Eastern States. It was invented and jnit up by an old Doctor of that name, whose family took to the proli'ssion ot medicine as naturally as ducks to water. I obtained it of one of the sons, who is practicing at Malaga, Ohio, from whom I also obtained Landolfi's and his own method of curing cancer, (see those recipes,) and he always uses this ointment to heal cancers and all other sores Linseed-oil, 1 pt.; sweet oil, 1 oz. ; and boil them in a kettle oi. coals for nearly 4 hours, as warm as you can; then have pulverizeo and mixed, borax, J^ oz. ; red lead, 4 ozs., and sugar of lead 1^ ozs. remove the kettle from the fire and thicken in the powder ; continue the stirring until cooled to blood heat, then stir in I oz. of spirits ol turpentine; and now take out a little, letting it get cold, and if not then sufficiently thick to spread upon thin, soft linen, as a salve, you will boll again until this point is reached. He says, and I have no doubt of it, that it is good for all kinds of wounds, bruises, sores, burns, white swellings, rheumatisms, ulcers, sore breasts, and even where there are wounds on the inside, it has been used with advantage, by applying a plaster over the part. 3. Sisson's Ointment.— Best brandy, % pt. ; turpentine, 1 gill , camphor gum, 1 oz. ; beefs gall, % pt ; (beefs gall bottled with }^ pt. alcohol, will keep nice for future use); neats-foot oil, 1 pt. Mix. This ointment, or properly liniment, is probably not equaled for reducing swellings which arise from bad bruises, or swellings of long Medical Department. 113 standing; rub it in for quite a lengtli of time, then wet a flannel in it and wrap around tlie parts. 4. Green Ointment.— Wliite pine turpentine and lard. J^ lb. each; honey and bees-wax, J^ lb. each; melt all together and stir in J^ oz. of very finely pulverized verdigris. In deep wounds and old sores this works admirably. It keeps out proud flesh and heals beyond all calculation, keeping up a healthyi discharge. It was used on a horse, which had run upon a fence stakeJ the stake entering under the shoulder-blade and penetrating eighteen' inches alongside of the ribs; the ointment was introduced by stiffening linen cloth with warm bees-wax, and rolling it up into what is called a tent^ then smearing the ointment upon the tent, and pushing it to the bottom of the wound, which kept the outside from healing until it healed from the bottom, and thus saved the horse, which everybody said must die; and of course everybody always knows. The man owning the horse was thrown from his buggy whilst the horse was running, and had a leg broken ; the horse was well before the man. Hiram Sisson, an old farrier and farmer, of Crown Point, Essex Co., N. T., has used this and the one bearing his name. No. 3, several years, and speaks of them in the highest terms. Mr, Wykoff, a few miles north of this city, has used this green ointment for several years, curing a deep cut in the thigh of a friend in a few days with it, which induced him to pay ten dollars to an English lady for the recipe; since then he cured a bad case of chilblains, with it, upon a German boy who had not worn boots or shoes for three years, on their account. I bave now known it for two years, curing cuts on horses' feet from stepping over corn stubble in spring ploughing, by only a few appli- cations. It is worth more than the cost of this book to any family who has not got it. This, mixed with equal parts of the " Magnetic," No. 11, and the world cannot beat it for general use. 5. Green Ointment. — Honey and bees-wax, each % Ih. ; spirits of turpentine, 1 oz. ; wintergreen oil and laudanum, each 2 ozs. ; verdigris, finely pulverized, j^ oz.; lard, ly^ lbs. ; mix by a stove fire, in a copper kettle, heating slowly. I have given this ointment, varying somewhat from the first obtained of a gentleman at Jamestown, N. Y. who was selling it in large quantities, as he uses the spirits of turpentine instead of the white pine, for that frequently is hard to get, and by some this will be preferred, for the flesh of a few persons will inflame tuider the free use of verdigris, and it will be seen that this last recipe has not near as much of it in as the first. 6. Dr. Kittredge's Celebrated Ointment,— For "Pimpled- face," " Prairie Itch," etc. — Take a pint bottle and put into it nitric acid, 1 0/.. ; quicksilver, 1 oz., and let stand until the silver is cut; ^Jien melt lard, J^ lb. in an earthen bowl and mix all together, and i\x with a wooden spatula until cold. 114 D^' Chasers ReapM. Old Dr. Kittredge is an Allopathic physician, but his ointment baa been known, over the whole State, as death to the "Michigan, or Prairie Itch," and the Doctor recommends it for Cancerous, Scrofulous, and Syphilitic Ulcers, also Salt-rheum, Ring-Worms, " Pimpled-Pace," Chronic Inflammation of the Eyelids, etc. Application. — For cutaneous eruptions, scratch oflE" the scab, warm the cerate, rub in ' thoroughly once a day ; for running ulcers, spread a thin plaster, and not change oftener than once in thirty-six or forty-eight hours. 7. Mead's Salt-rheum Ointment. — Aquafortis, 1 oz. ; quicksilver, 1 oz. ; good hard soap, dissolved so as to mix readily, 1 oz. ; prepared chalk 1 oz., mixed with 1 lb. of lard; incorporate the above by putting the aquafortis and quicksilver into an earthen vessel, and when done effervescing, mix with the other ingredients, putting the chalk in last, and add a little spirits of turpentine, say % a table-spoon. Mr. Mead is a resident of this city, advanced in age, over ninety years, and great confidence may be placed in this recipe. He sent it for insertion in the seventh edition of this work, and many have tried it with satisfaction. He first proved it on himself, after sufffering witH Salt-rheum for ten years; at first it came back after two years; he then cured it again, and now has been free from it about fourteen years. His only object in presenting me the recipe was to do good to his fellow-creatures. Some physicians think that if nitric acid one ounce and three drachms, was put upon the quicksilver, and cut oi dissolved by gentle heat, that it would be a better way to prepare it ; but I never wish to change when an article works as well as this does, §. Dr. Gibson, of Jamestown, Pa., says he has never failed in curing salt-rheum or leprosy, (meaning very bad skin diseases) with the following: First, wash the part with castile soap and water, dry with a soft cloth, then wet the parts erupted with the tincture of iodine, and aftei this gets dry, anoint with citron ointment. When the eruption exists about parts not covered with clothing, use the following wash alter^ nately with the tincture: Corrosive sublimate, 1 di-. ; sugar of lead, 3 ozs. ; white vitriol, 2 scruples; salammoniac, 3 drs. ; common salt, 2 drs. ; soft water, 1 pt. ; mix. He had a case— a young gentleman who was engaged to be married, but the lady would not marry him until cured from the fact that a sore of a leprous or obstinate character surrounded his head where the hat came in contact with it. But patience and nine months perseverance removed the scab f I'om his crown, and crowned him with a help-meet. Let me here say, that in any disease of long standing, use some of the alterative medicines to cleanse the blood, while using the out- ward applications. The " Cathartic Alterative" is especially adapted to the skin diseases, and should be continued some time, even if you are not anxious to get married. The Citron Ointment Is kept b/ nearly all druggists. Medical Department. 115 9. White lead in sweet oil, used as an ointment, cured a lady in Cafayette, Ind., of a bad case of Salt-rheum. 10. Itcli Ointment.— Unsalted butter, 1 lb. ; Burgundy pitch, 2 ozs. ; spirits of turpentine, 2 ozs. ; red percipitate, pulvericed, 13^ oz.; melt the pitch and add the butter, stirring well together; then remove from the lire, and when u little cool, add thespii'its of turpentine, and lastly the precipitate, and stir until cold. This will cure all cases of psora, usually called " The Itch," an(^ many other skin eruptions, as pimples, blotches, etc. Dr. Beach thinks the animal which infests the skin, in real itch. Is the result of the disease, whilst most authors think it the cause. 11. Magnetic Ointment — Said to be Trask's. — Lard, raisins, cut in pieces, and tine-cut tobacco, equal weights; simmer well together, then strain, and press out all from the dregs. The above is an excellent ointment, and looks like its namesake, tnd its action is really magnetic. Mix this in equal parts with the first Green Ointment, No. 4, and it will make a good application in ?iles. Salt-rheum, and all cutaneous or skin diseases, as well as Cuts, Bruises, etc. If used in Salt-rheum, some of the alterative remedies "uust be taken at the same time, and long continued. 12. Stramoninm Ointment. — The probability is, that for gen- eral use, no ointment will be found superior to this, M'^hen properly made. It is kept by most druggists, but it is not half as good, generally, as if made by the following directions. I give large pro- portions, from the fact that it will be used in large quantities. Stramonium is known by the names of " Jimpson," " Stink- weed," * Thorn-apple," etc., from its thorny burr. Pick about a bushel of the leaves, while yet green, having a suita- ble iron kettle placed over a slow fire; put in a few of the leaves, and mash them as you keep adding, until you get them all mashed into a pulpy mass; then put in lard, 5 lbs., and stew to a crisp; then strain, and box for use. Those who live in towns, and prefer to make it with less trouble, will purchase 1 dr. of the soft extract, kept by druggists, rubbing it with a little water luitil it is of such a consistence as to allow it to be rubbed into an ointment with lard, 1 oz. This will be better than the sale ointment, but not as good as the "Home Made," above. It is anodyne (relieves pain) in burns, scalds, old irritable ulcers, skin diseases, painful hemorrboids (Piles), and is discutient (driving away swellings), and very strengthening to broken limbs, i. e., after the bones are healed, to rub over the limb freely and thoroughly. It reduces the swelling, and gives tone to the muscles, tendons, etc. We have recently known two cases of fracture, one a compound fracture of the ankle, the other of the wrist, both in persons well advanced in life; in both cases strength returned very slowly, but W^ith double speed by the free application of this ointment ; and in the first case it undoubtedly prevented mortification. It is valuable, also, In painful or swelled rheumatism. Or, perhaps what \yould be pre,- Ii6 Dr. Chase's Recipes. ferable in such cases, is a tincture made from the seeds of the thorny burr, two ounces, to alcohol and water, of each a half-pint. If it is not found ahead of the "Tincture of Arnica," I will give you my head for a foot-ball. In applying it, wet cloths or brown paper, and bind upon the parts, keeping them well wet. To make this tincture, see "Tinctures." 13. Toad Ointment.— For sprains, strains, lame-back, rheuma- tism, caked breasts, caked udders, etc., etc. Good sized live toads, 4 in number; put into boiling water and cook very soft; then take tliem out and boil the water down to 3^ pt., and add fresh churned, unsalted butter, 1 lb., and simmer together; at the last add tincture of arnica, 2 ozs. This was obtained from an old physician, who thought more of it than of anj'^ other prescription in his possession. Some persons might think it hard on toads, but you could not kill them quicker in any other way. JAUNDICE.— Dr. Peabody's Cure.- In its Worst Forms.— Rert iodide of mercury, 7grs.; iodide of potassium, 9grs. ; aqua dis. (dis- tilled water), 1 oz. ; mix. Commence by giving 8 drops 3 or 4 times 9 diiy, increasing 1 drop a day until 12 or 15 drops are given at a dose. Give in a little water immediately after meals. If it causes a griping sensation in the bowls, and fullness in the head when you get up to 12 or 15 drops, go back to 6 drops, and up again as before. In two very bad cases of jaundice, I have known the above to l»« entirely successful. I am aware that many persons will not use any preparation con- taining mercury in any of its forms, while there are many others who would use them for that very reason. My object is to beneht dtl. without strengthening the prejudices of any. For this reason, I glvf you the following: 2. Drinls for Jaundice.— Tie up soot and saffron, equal parti, in a cloth, to the size or half of a hen's egg; let it lie in a glass oi water over night ; in the morning put the yolk of an ^g^, beaten^ into this water, and drink it. Do this 3 mornings, skipping 3, until ninf- doses have been taken. I am assured that it has proved successful in manj'^ bad cases. See also " Soot Coffee," No. 12, amongst the Ague remedies. PILES.— Successful Remedies.— Internal Remedy.— Cream-of- tartar, jalap pulverized, senna, and flowers ot sulphur, \ oz. each; nitrate of potash (saltpeti-e), '% oz. ; golden seal, 1 oz., thoroughly pulverize all together, in a mortar, and give a tea-spoon three time* every day, or the dose may be varied to suit the condition of the patient, taking more or less to suit circumstances, keeping the bowels in a solvent state. External Application. — Inner bark of the white oak tree, bed and strain, and boil again until you obtain i^ pt. of the extract, very thick; then add y^ \A. of tiie oil of tiie oldest and strongest bacon you can procure; simmer together until a union takes i)lace when cold. Then apply by tlie linger up the rectum every night, until well. Ke very strict to abstain from strong and stimulating'cliet. The abuv* >» Medical Department. wj A »%re cure tor blind or bleeding piles, in all cases, sooner or later. Dr. Harrnnau, of Andersontown, Ind., has been very successful with this plan of treating Piles; and since I obtained the plan, now two yeai-s, I have had one opportunity of proving it efficiency, upon a i^entleman who had been laid up for days, and sometimes weeks, with the complaint. By a few applications of the external remedy he has. been enabled to Iceep directly along with his labor. 2. Pile Cerate. — Carbonate of lead, 3^ oz. ; sulphate of morphia, 15 grs. ; stramonium ointment, 1 oz. ; olive oil, 20 drops. Mix, and apply 3 times a day, or as occasion and pain may require. This create has been highly celebrated as a remedy in Piles. It will relieve the pain most assuredlj-. Piles Dave been cured with lamp oil, applied to tlie parts tjvo or three times a day. Even tallow or any simple ointment, is good for dry piles, that is, tor pain in those parts, •oming on often in the dead of night, without apparent cause. 3. For External Piles. — The following is very highly spoken )t: Take oyster shells wash and burn them, then finely pulverize and ^•ub up with fresh lard; anoint with this, and take internally, sulphur, •)ne ounce, mixed with three ounces of pulverized resin ; take night iind morning what will lay on a five cent piece. Take every day for Uie first week, then every three or four days, until well, continuing i^he ointment. 4. Mrs. Morehead, of Danville, Ind., cured herself of Piles by simply sitting in a hip-bath of warm water, every time the pains would come on, after stools, or any other time, remaining in the bath until the pain left her. Her husband cured himself by sitting in cold water, and using upon the parts an ointment made by stewing celen- 'line in fresh lard. I give these various plans, so that if any one fails, a remedy may certainly be found amongst the many given. 5. G. P. Eogers, of Irouton, O., has known cases cured by using the following ointment: Powdered opium and powdered resin, one ounce each, mixed with one ounce of tallow, and anoint as required. 6. Dr, D. W. Raymond, of Conneaut, O., says: Equal weights of glycerine and tannin will cure Piles, by anointing with it, and that very speedily; also cures sore or cracked nipples in twenty-four hours, and is remarkably good for any excoriation, or sore, of the skin. I know that simple tallow introduced into the rectum is exceedingly beneficial in Piles, which satisfies me that any preparation containing oil, or any kind of grease, is good. 7. I have found in the scrap of an old newspaper, the following, and it is so easily tried, and speaks with so much certainty, and is so simple, that I give it an insertion: " Simple cure for Piles.— Mix one table-spoon of sulphur with half a pint of milk, to be taken every day until favorable symptoms appear, and then occasionally, as the case may require. The above is a cheap, simple, and most infallible cure for that most painfnJ nnd un- Ii8 Dr. Chase's Recipes. pleasant disoi-der. It has been used with complete success in old ana inveterate cases where individuals had spent scores of dollars in medi- cal advice. It is equally useful as a preventive. It will injure none, and only requires a trial." 8. Paschal Mason, living near this city, cured a Southern lady, visiting in the neighborhood, who was confined to the bed with them, by making a strong tea of the wild swamp-currant root, drinking occasionally for a few days only. 9. Jimpson leaves and parsely, a handful of each, stewed in lard, one pound, and used as an ointment, has cured many cases. ANODYNES— Hoflfman's Anodyne, or Golden Tincture.— Sul- phuric ether, 2 ozs. ; alcohol, 4 ozs. ; and ethereal oil % dr.; mix. Dose. — From half to two tea-spoons, (3^ dr. to 2 dr.), according to the urgency or pain for which it is given. It is given in a little sweetened water, and much preferred by the Germans to laudanum, especially where laudanum causes sickness of tne stomach. It makes an excellent local application in neuralgi<> and other painful affections, being second cousin to the "Magneti* Tooth Cordial " and " Paralytic Liniment."' 2. Laudanum. — Best Turkey opium, 1 oz.; slice, and pour upoi it boiling water, 1 gill, and work it in a bowl or mortar until it is dis solved; then pour it into the bottle, and with alcohol of seventy-si> per cent, proof, }4 pt., rinse the dish, adding the alcohol to the prepa ration, shaking well, and in twenty-four hours it will be ready fo) use. Dose. — ^From 10 to 30 drops for adults, according to the strength of patient, or severity of the pain. Thirty drops of this laudanum will be equal to one grain o» opium. And this is a much better way to prepare it than putting tb«- opium into alcohol, or any other spirits alone, for in that case mud of the opium does not dissolve. See the remarks occurring aftet " Godfrey's Cordial." 3. Paregoric. — Best opium ^ dr.; dissolve in about 2 table spoons of boiling water; then add benzoic acid }4 dr.; oil of anise, ^ a fluid dr. ; clarified honey, 1 oz ; camphor gum, 1 scruple ; alcohol 76 per cent., 11 fluid ozs; distilled water, 4^ fluid ozs.; raaceratf- (keep warm) for two weeks. Dose. — For children, 5 to 20 drops- adults, 1 to 2 tea-spoons. Used as an anodyne and antispasmodic, allays cough, relieves nausea and slight pains in the stomach and bowels, checks diarrhoea, and procures sleep. Used principally for children. See the remarks after No. 5, below. 4. Bateman's Pectoral Drops. — Opium in powder, catechu iu powder, camphor gum, red Sanders rasped, of each, }4 oz.; oil of anise, 1 dr.; dilute alcohol, (alcohol of 76 per cent, and watei in equal proportions,) 1 gal. Keej) warm for two weeks. The opium strength of this is about equal to paregoric, and it is used for similar purposes, and doses. See the remarks below. 5. Ctodfrey's Cordial.— Dissolve pure carbonate of potassa, 1 oz., in water, 5 qts., and add nice golden syrup or best molasses, 3 qts*, Medical Department. 119 and heat until they hegin to simmer, take off the scum, and add laudanum, 9 ozs., and oil of sassafras, 1 dr. Mix well. Used similar to the two last. Remarks. — It is a well-known fact that much injury is done to children by the use of anodynes, such as the above, and " Mrs. Wins- low's Soothing Syrup," which is now taking the place, to a great extent, in towns, of the foregoing, for I noticed a short time ago eighty-seven empty bottles with Mrs. Winslow's label upon them, sitting on a counter of one of our drug stores, which led me to ask if they put up her syrup. The answer was No, a lady in this city has fed that much to one child within the past eighteen months. The question might be asked, why do you tell people how to make any of these anodynes? Because they are good in proper cases, when properly used, and to give a place for these remarks ; for those who are evil disposed will find a way to accomplish their designs, whilst the well disposed will, or can act only from knowledge, and if they do not know the evils arising from the constant use of anodynes on children, are as liable to do evil as the evil disposed. Then let it be remembered that the constant use of opium in any of its preparations, on children or adults, disturbs the nervous system, and establishes a nervous necessity for its continuation. Then use them only in severe pain, or extreme nervousness, laying them by again as soon as possible under the circumstances of the case. Of course we do not give a recipe for the "Soothing Syrup" spoken of, as its exact composition has not yet come out to the public ; but that its soothing properties are owing to opium, there is not the least doubt. See " Carminatives," which are preferable to opiates, especially for children. RHEUMATISMS.- inflammatory Rheumatisms.— Bill Wright's ttnd other Cures. — Sulphur and saltpetre, of each, 1 oz.; gum guaiac, % oz. ; colchicum root, or seed, and nutmegs, of eacli, 3^ oz. ; all to be pulverized and mixed with simple syrup or molasses, 2 ozs. Dose. — One tea-spoon every 2 houi-s. Until it moves the bowels rather freely; then 3 or 4 times uaily, until cured. Mr. Wright, ot the Niagara Hotel, Toledo, O., has several times proved this to be an excellent medicine, and since I obtained it I found a man at Marsiiall, Mich., one Saturday evening, with his feet and legs so swollen with this disease, that he could but just crawl with two crutches. I libed this prescription and gave him a tea-spoon of it every two hours, until it moved his bowels, then every four hours, and on Monday noon he could walk quite comfortably without cane or crutch, the medicine costing him only twenty cents. 2. Rheumatic Alterative. — In Rheumatism of long standing, the following preparation has often proved very valuable: Colcbicum seed, and black cohosh root, of each, 3^ oz., the roct to be bruised; best rye whisky, 1 pt. ; put together, and let stand 3 or 4 I20 Dr. Chase's Rtcipes. days. Dose. — From 1 tea-spoon to a table-spoon 3 times daily, before meals. The action will be to loosen the bowels, or cause a little sickness at the stomach; and the dose may be modified, not to cause too great an effect upon the patient either way, but increasing the dose, if neces- sary, until one of these specific actions is felt, and lessening it if the action is too great in any case. 3. Rheumatic Liniment. — Olive oil, spirits of camphor, and chloroform, of eacli, 2 ozs. ; sassafras oil, 1 tea-spoon. First add the oil of sassafras to tlie olive oil, then the spirits of camphor, and shake well before putting in the chloroform, shaking when used, keeping it corked, as the chloroform evaporates very fast if left open. Apply 3 or four times daily, rubbing it well, and always toward the body. I had a brother-in-law cured of a very bad case of inflammatory, or swelling rheumatism, by the use of this liniment — accomplished in about four days, without other treatment. He paid five dollars for the recipe after the cure. But I would recommend the use of this in connection with " Bill Wright's Cure," above, feeling perfectly assured that no attack will stand before the internal and external combination. 4. J. B. Hitchcox, Ypsilanti, Mich., uses spirits of turpentine, 1 pt. ; tar, 2 tea-spoons; oil of vitriol, 1 tea-spoon; mixing in a mug; then sets them on tire, letting it burn 15 minutes, and bottle for use. He bathes the parts freely twice daily with this preparation, then binds on the mashed tory-weed, as mentioned under the head of "Reducing Swellings," and gives a little spirits of turpentine inter- nally. 5. Alvah Raymond takes rum, 1 pt. ; neafs-foot oil, % pt., or i< the joint is stiff, skunk's oil instead of the other; spirits of turpentine 1 gill, and simmers them together, and bottles for use, rubbing it iii thoroughly 3 times daily. He also directs to soak the feet in hot water, scraping the bottoms ^ of the feet with an old knife; then he has poke root roasted and mashed, mixing with it tar and sulphur, to form drafts for the feet. With this method of treatment he assures me he has been very success- ful for 30 years. And it bears so strong a resemblance to Dr. Kittredge's preparation, next following, for stiffened joints in rheu-. matism, that it gives me double confidence in theni both. 6. Dr. Kittredge's Remely for Rheumatism aud Stiif Joints. — Strong camphor spirits, 1 pt. ; neat's-foot, coon, bear, or skunk's oil, 1 pt. • spirits of turpentine, i^ pt. Shake the bottle when used, and apply 3 times daily, by pouring on a little at a time and rubbing in all you can for 20 to 30 minutes. The old Doctor recommends this as a sure cure for chronic rheu- matism, sprains, stiff joints, where they have not formed an anchy- losis, that is, if the bones have not actually grown together ; and as remarked in connection with his ointment. No. 6, he has been a very celebrated physician for many years; but like many ofAer men with Medical Department. lai iSU|.«(rIor minds, oh ! how fallen. Rum, and its advocates, have got a moKt fearful account to balance. ^ 7. French and Other Remedies for Chronic Rheumatism.— Dr. Bonnett, of Graulbet, France, states in a letter to the AbeUle Medicare, that he " has been long in the habit of prescribing: •' The essential oil of turpentine for frictions against rheumatism. And that he has used it himself with perfect success, having almost Instantaneously got rid of rheumatic pains in both knees and in the left shoulder." He was led to make the prescription from having used the oil of turpentine to wash coal tar and other sticking mixtures from his hands. After having washed his hands in soap and water, and drjing them, a pricking sensation, like an electric spark upon the knuckles from a machine Listing about two hours, was always experienced, and 't is to this exciting action that he attributes its efficacy. It may be ■used twice or thrice daily. 8. Chronic Rheumatism has been cured in twenty-four hours, ifter two years' suffering, by using alcohol, spirits of turpentine, »,weet spirits of nitre, and oil of juniper, equal parts of each; mix; ^ub well into the parts, and take ten drops at bed time in water. 9. Bitters for Chronic Rheumatism.— Prickly-ash berries, spike- nard root, yellow poplar and dog-wood barks, of each % lb.; all pulverized and put into a gallon jug, and fill it up with brandy. OoSE.— Awine glass of it is to be taken 3 times daily before meals. A baker, of Lafayette, Ind., was cured by the use of this amount, 5f a very bad case of this disease, of long standing. 10. David Mowry, of Greenville, Ohio, says yellow poplar, dog- ivood, prickly-ash, wild cherry, and white-ash barks of the trees, iqual quantities of each, a good large handful, boiled in 2 gals, of water to 1. and add 1 gal. of good old rye, will, if taken freely 3 times laily, cure the worst inflammatory rheumatism in the world. There Is no question but what both of these preparations, and the aext also, are good, if made sufficiently strong with the barks. But I snould consider them much more applicable in chronic cases, or rheu- matism of long standing; and in these very applicable indeed; and I am well satisfied that no one will take them for spirits. 11. Chronic Rheumatism, has been cured by taking the bark of a bearing crab-apple tree, and putting a sufficient amount of it into whisky to make It very strong, then taking a wine-glass three times daily, until a gallon was used. 12. Green Bay Indian's Remedy for Rheumatism.— Wahoo, bark of the root, 1 oz. ; blood-root, 1 oz. ; black cohosh root, 2 ozs. ; swamp hellebore, % oz. ; prickly-ash bark or berries, 1 oz. ; poke root, cut fine, 1 oz. ; rye whisky, 1 qt.; let stand a few days before using. Dose.— One tea-spoon every 3 or 4 hours, increasing the dose to 2 or 3 tea-spoons, as the stomach will bear. Soak the feet well and go to bed, covering up warm, and taking the 'Sweating Drops" between each dose, as there directed, for three or 122 Dr. Chase's Recipes. four hours, and repeat the sweating every day until the disease surrefl» ders to the treatment. If at any time tlie head feels too full, or the stomach sickens too much, drop down to the first dose of a tea-spoon? or even less, if necessary. This prescription is from Jacob S. Cornelius, an Indian of Green Bay, who was very successful in Illinois, with it, In this disease. 13. I know an old physician who assures me that he has cured cases where all other remedies failed, with saltpeter, beginning with twenty grains, and doubling the dose every three or four hours, until it reached half an ounce, in a very robust and plethoric patient; but this dose would be too large to venture upon by persons not of a plethoric habit. But as it is mostly prescribed, by putting a table- spoon to a pint of whisky, then a tea-spoon for a dose ; you might as well expect to dip the Atlantic into the Pacific with a tea-spoon, as to cure rheumatism in that slow way. It may be taken in quantities from half an ounce to an ounce and a half, in the twenty-four hours, being largely diluted with water. If pain should come on in the stomach, under its use, stop it at once, and give large quantities ot mucilaginous drinks, such as slippery-elm water, gum-arabic water» flax-seed tea, etc. 14. New Remedy. — Kerosene oil, 3 ozs. ; skunk's oil, 1 oz. ; mix. and shake when applied. Put it on quite freely, and heat it in by the stove, or by means of a hot shovel. A firm of grocers, Slawson & Geer, of this city, have been using this mixture during the past winter upon their own persons, and have recommended it to many others, amongst them one of the Clergymen^ and also the President of the University, and so far as they know, it has proved very successful, relieving the pain directly. 15. One of our physicians in the city has used a preparation very nearly resembling tlie above, but varying sufllciently to satisfy myself that any other animal oil will do as well as that from th* highly-flavored one above mentioned. He used kerosene oil, 2 ozs. ; neat's-f oot oil, 1 oz. ; oil of origanum, y^ oz. ; mixed and shaken as used. The smell of the kerosene oil is not very pleasant, but if a pair of ankles and feet, badly swollen, so much so that you could not walk on them for months, could be cured in two or three weeks, as it was in this case, it might be well to put up with its disagreeable smell. Rub and heat it in thoroughly twice daily. ASTHMA. — Remedies. — Elecampane, angelica, comfrey, and spikenard roots, with hoarhound tops, of each 1 oz. ; bruise and steep in honey, 1 pt. Dose— A table-spoon, taken hot every few minutes, until relief is obtained, then several times daily until a cure is efi'ected. It cured a young lady, near the "Falls of the Ohio," wlxom the doctors said it was wicked to disturb- " Let her die in peiM*.'' wu* Medical Department. 123 tnelr advice to the parents. An old lady, instead, let her Ivoe in peace. It will be found very excellent in any cough; even low consumptives will And great relief from its use. 2. Dr. J. K. Finley, of Pittsburg, cured a lady with whom I afterwards became acquainted, and from the completeness of the cure, I was induced to write to the doctor and obtain the prescription. It is as follows: Oil of tar, 1 dr ; tinctur? of veratrum viride, 2 drs. ; simple syrup, 2 drs. ; mix. DosE.— For adults, 15 drops, 8 or 4 times daily. I have very great contidence in this prescription. 3. A lady at Yellow Springs, O., tells me that she cured herself of Asthma, by using, for her common drink, a tea made of the leaves of common chestnut, which had fallen from the tree in autumn; sweeten well, and continue its use for 2 or 3 months. She used it for a month at first, and it returned, when she cgn- tinued its use for two months; and ten years have elapsed without its return. It is certainly safe as well as simple, and of easy trial. Lobelia is considered by some a specific in Asthma, but the pre- judice against it is so great I forbear speaking further of it; but: 4. Iodide of potassium has cured a bad case of Asthma, by taking 5 gr. doses, 3 times daily. Take ^ oz. and put it into a vial, and add 32 tea-spoons of water — then 1 tea-spoon of it will contain the 5 grs., which put into 3^ gill more of water, and drink before meals. COMPOSITION POWDER.— Thompson's.— "Bayberry bark, 3 lbs. ; liemlock bark, 1 lb. ; ginger root, 1 lb. ; cayenne pepper, 2 ozs. ; cloves, 2 ozs. ; all finely pulverized and well mixed. Dose. — One-half of a tea-spoon of it, and a spoon of sugar; put them into a tea-cup and pour it half full of boiling water; let it stand a few minutes and fill the cup with milk, and drink freely. If no milk is to be obtained fill up the cup with hot water. "This, in the first stages and less violent attacks of the disease, is a, valuable medicine, and may be safely employed in all cases. It is good in relax, pain in the stomach and bowels, and to remove all obstructions caused by cold. A few doses, the patient being in bed with a steaming stone at the feet, or having soaked the feet fifteen or twenty minutes in hot water, drinking freely of the tea at the same time, will cure a bad cold, and often throw off disease in its first stages." I use it, taking or giving, lobelia emetics, as mentioned under the head of "Eclectic Emetics." I use it also as a: 2. Dyspeptic Tea. — Where an attack has bee?\ brought on by over-indulgence at an extra rich meal, you will fina immediate and generally perfect i-elief by having a cup of this tea made, and drink- ing about one-half of it fifteen minutes before meals, and the balance just as you sit down to the meal, not taking any other fluid at all until after digestion is over, following up the same plan for a few days or w»»ks, as may be necessary. It stimulates the stomach to action, 9 124 JDr, Chase's Recipes. causing digestion and absorption, i)reventing also the accumulation of gas, which is the cause of eructations of wind from the stomach, commonly called belching, add gives tone to the whole sj'stem. A cup of this tea taken when going ouc into extreme cold, will be found a better warmer than the whisky or any other ardent spirit, which so many resort to upon such occasions; and, what is best of all, it will be found : 3. A Perfect Cure for DruiikeiiDf>8S. — Let those who are accus. tomed to the excessive use of ardent spirits, and who wish to stop the practice, I say, let such have a cup of this tea made, as above directed, and drink a part of it immediately on rising in the morning, and the balance just before meal time, keeping entirelj'^ away from the places of temptation, they will find a warm, healthy glow spreading from the stomach over the whole system, with a desire for food instead of "rot-gut." Follow this up faithfully, two or three times daily, or whenever the craving begins for the accustomed stimulus, for a few daj^s or weeks, if necessary, and it will be found that the cayenne, which is the purest stimulant in the whole Materia Medica, with its assistant, the bayberry, which stimulate without an nfter prosti-ation, have gradually supplied and satisfied the previous false appetite or cravings of the stomach; Avhilst the combination has toned up the stomach, together with the whole sj'stem, and again you find your- self a man. But remember, oh, remember! your only safety is in keeping entirely away from places where intoxicating spirits are kept or sold ! A burned child will not plaj'- with fire. I would to God that a burned man was equally wise. For not one in a thousand can resist the solicitation of enemies, (called friends,) to take a glass, just one, and that one glass acts like fresh coals upon extinguished bands, and the fire goes ahead again with a hundred-fold more energy than if thrown upon wood which had never been chaired; hence, the propri- ety of the sentence, "plucked as a brand from the everlasting burn- ings,'' — for if re-kindled, there is but little prospect of a iiotlier extin- guishment of the riiging fire. Dr. Thompson, notwitlistauding all that has been said ;igainst him, has done more good than an^' other medical man that over lived; for he set the people to studjMng for themselves. STIMULAST — In Low Fevers, and After Uterine Hemorrhages. — Mistiira Spiritus vini Gallici.— Best brandy, and cinnamon water, of eacli, 4 fluid o/.s.; the yolks of 2 eggs, well beaten; loaf sugar, }^ oz. ; oil of cinnamon, 2 drops; mix. Dose. — FroR" ,^to 1 (fluid) oz., as often as required. This makes both eat and drink. Of course any other flavoring oil can be used, if preferred, in place of the cinnamon. This mixture is an imitation of the well-known compound termed "egg-flip." It is an exceedingly valuable stimulant and restorative, Medical Department. 125 an(? is employed in the latter stages of low fevers, and in extreme exhaustion from uterine hemorrhages. It may be used in place of the "egg-nog" spoken of in the treatment of consumption, No. 6. ALTERATIYES.— Syrup, or Blood Purifier.— Honduras, sarsa- parilla, 12 ozs. ; guaiacum shavings, 6 ozs. ; wintergreen leaf, 4 ozs. ; sassafras root bark, 4 ozs. ; elder flowers, 4 ozs. ; yellow dock, 3 ozs. ; burdock root, 4 ozs. ; dandelion root, 6 ozs. ; bitter-sweet root, 2 ozs.; all bruised. Place these iiigredieiits in a suitable vessel, and add alcohol, 1 pt., Avith water suflicient to cover handsomely, set tliem in a moder-i ately warm place for 3 or four days, pour oJff 1 pt of the tincture and set it aside until you add water to the ingredients and boil to obtain the strength, pour oft" and add more water and boil again, then boil the two waters down to 1 qt.; strain, and add the liquor first poured oft" and add 2J^ lbs. cru.shed or coff"ee sugar, and simmer to form a syrup ; when cool, bottle and seal up for use. Dose. — One to two table-spoons, according to the age and strength of the patient, 3^ hour before meals and at bed-time. This, or any other alterative, when given, sh ould be followed up for weeks or months, according «o the disease for which it is prescrib- ed, as scrofula, and for every disease depending upon an impure condition of the blood. It ought to be used in sore eyes of long standing, old ulcers, salt-rheum, etc. I would not give this for Jayne's Alterative, nor Swain's, Townsenct's or Ayer's Sarsaparillas, because I know it is good, and we also know what it is made of. 2. Alterative^ Very Strongo — Poke, mandrake, yellow dock, sassafras, blue flag, roots, and bark of the roots, guaiac-wood raspings, and sweet elder flowers, of each 4 ozs ; caraway seed, 3 ozs. ; bruise the roots, and put to the whole, alcohol, 1 qt., and water to cover all haiul^somely ; let stand 3 or 4 days in a warm place, as the last recipe above, making every way the same, except to pour oft" 1 qt. instead of 1 pt., as in the first, of spirit, then boil the water to 1 qt., adding 4 lbs. of sugar with the qt. of spirit tincture. The dose being only 1 table-spoon 4 times daily,, as above. But if that amount should make the bowels too loose, reduce the quantity; and if that amount does not act upon the bowels at all, in- crease the dose to keep the bowels solvent. This may be used in the most inv eterate diseases of long standing, syphilis not excepted. 3. Alterative Cathartic.— Powder.— Rochelle salts, five ozs.; cream-of-tartar, 2 ozs. ; sulphur, 1 oz. ; (Epsom salts may be used, but are not quite as good); place the salts in a dripping-pan and set in the stove-oven until all the water of crj^stalization is dried out; tlien place all in a mortar and rub finely and thoroughly togethero DosBi.— Mix up a few spoons of the powder with molasses; tli.-n take a tea- spoon every 3 or 4 hrs. until a free cathartic action is kei)t up for 24 to 36 hrs., then take once or twice daily only, to act on Die blood, increas- icg once in 10 days to get up the cathartic action, as at first. This alterative is especially valuable in any disease of the skin, as itch, pimples, salt-rheum, and any other eruptions where any outward application is being made, or is about to be made; also valuable in core eyes. 4. Alterative, Touic, and Cathartic Bitters. — Best rye whisky, 126 Dr. Chase's Recipes. and water, of each, 1 qt.; best ungrouiid Peruvian bark, Colombo root, and prickly-ash berries, of each 2 ozs. ; prickly-ash, black cherry, and poplar barks, of each, 1 oz. ; poke-root, mandrake-root, and cloves, of each y^ oz. ; all to be the dry articles, and all to be pulverized be- fore puttino^ into the spirits; shake every day for a week, by which time it will be ready for nse. Dose. — One to two table-spoons at mornin^^ and evening meals. Although this alterative is mentioned last in the list, yet it is not least in value. I first made this prescription for my own use, feeling that I needed sometliing of just such a nature, and it worked so ad- mirably that I gave it to others. It has given such entire satisfnction. that I am now, at the tenth edition, giving it a place to do a greater good than if kept from the world. If, in any case, it causes any griping sensations, ortoo great action upon the bowels, lessen the dose, and if neither of these actions is felt, increase the dose, or take it three times daily. I think any of the f rui^ wines will do in place of the spirits and water, by adding alcohol, one l»alf pint. It will be found verj valuable in all cases of weakness from gen eral debility, and especially so when the liver is inactive, known b.r constant cositJveness. After using out the spirits, it may be filled again in the same way. It will be found very valuable in ague, and after all fevers, preventing relapse, and strengthening up the general system. DIURETICS.— Pill, Drops, Decoction, etc.— Solidified copaiba, 2 parts ; alcoliolic extract of cubebs, 1 part \ formed into pills with a little oil of juniper. Dose. — One or two pills 3 or 4 times daily. Druggists can obtain them of Tilden & Co., New York. This pill has been found very valuable in affections of the kidneys, bladder, and urethra, as inflammation from gravel, gonorrhea, gleet, whites, leucorrhea, common inflammations, etc. For giving them a sugar coat, see that heading, if desired. 2. Diuretic Drops.— Oil of cubebs, 3^ oz.; sweet spirits of nitre, J^ oz.; balsam copaiba, 1 oz.; Harlem oil, 1 bottle; oil of lavender, 20 drops; spirits of turpentine, 20 drops; mix. Dose.— Ten to 25 drops, as the stomach will bear, 3 times daily. It may be used in any of the .above diseases with great satisfaction. 3. Diuretic Decoction.— Queen of the meadow, dwarf-eldeiv yellow dock and poke-roots, of each 1 oz. ; dandelion, burdock, Ameii- can Sarsaparilla, and blue flag roots, of each i^ oz. ; grind or pound uU up, and thoroughly mix. Dose. — Take up a pinch with the ends of the fingers and thumb of one hand, say M to i^ oz. and pour I'.pon it ] pt. of boiling water, steeping a wliile; wlien cool, take a .Svvallow or two sufficiently often to use up the pint in the course of the day. Follow this plan two or three days, or as may be necessary, re- suming the course once in ten or twelve days. It may be used in all obstructions of the kidneys, where the urine is high colored or scanty. 4. Diuretic Tincture.— Green or growing spearmiut,_ mashed. P',;t into a bottle and covered with gin, is an excellent diuretic. Medical Department. ti^ 5. Diuretic for Cliildren,— Spirits of nitre — a few drops in a rttt/e spearmint tea — is all sutticient. For very young children, pump-> kin seed, or wjiteruielon seed tea is perhaps the best. DilOPSY.— Syrup and PillSo— Queen of the meadow root, dwarf- elder flowei's, berries, or inner barli, juniper berries, horse-radish root, pod milkweed or silkweed, often called, root of each, 4 ozs. ; prickly-ash bark or berries, mandrake-root, bittei-sweet, bark of the root, of eacn 2 ozs. ; white mustard, 1 oz. ; Holland gin, 1 pt. Pour boiling water upon all, except the gin, and keep hot for 12 ■jours; then boil and pour oft' twice, and boil down to three quarts and strain, adding three pounds of sugar, and lastly gin. Dose. — Take all the stomach will bear, four times daily, say a wine-glass or more. This will be used in connection with the following : 2. Dropsy Pills^ — Jalap, 50 grs. ; gamboge, 30 grs. ; podophyllin, 20 grs. ; elaterium, 12 grs.; aloes, 30 grs.; cayenne, 35 grs.; Castile 6oap, shaved, dried and pulverized, 20 grs.* croton oil, 90 drops; pow- der all tinely, and mix tho/oughly; tlien form into pill mass by using "I thick mucilage made of equal parts of gum arable and tragacanth, »nd divide into 3 gr. pills. Dose. — 0)ie pill every 2 days for the first veek, then every 3 or 4 days until the water is evacuated by the com- bined aid of tlie pill with the above eyrup. In this disease the work must be very thorough, and I am inclined «o think that if our directions are followed, that whoever find them- selves under the operations of the medicme will consider the work to be about as thorough as we expect. Some sickness of the stomach may be expected under the operation of tne piil, but never mind it ; go ahead and four or five days will satisfy most persons of the value of the treatment; for you may expect to see the greatest eracu- ations, front and rear, that you have ever witnessed. If the patient should become weak and exhausted under the continued treatment, slack up a little and throw in beef tea, wine, etc., with rich, nourish- ing diet, and no danger need be apprehended. The above will be found very valuable in bilious colic, and other cases hard to operate upon. They have operated in fifteen minutes, but not usually so quick, of course; but it will generally be found best not to venture over one pill at a dose; two have been taken, however, but thej'^ made a scattering among the xoante paper, causing fourteen evacuations, iiaving to call for the second "chamber "the first 'fire. Some have culled them the " Irish Pill," from their resemblance to the Irish girl with her brush and scrub-broom. They make clean work. I RRJTATING PLASTER— Extensively Used by Eclectics.— Tar, I ll> ; Burgundy pitch, >2 0z. ; white pine turpentine, 1 oz.; resin, 2 u/.s Boil tiie tar, resin, and gum together a short time, remove from the tire, and stir in finely pulverized mandrake root, blood root, poke root, and Indian turnip, of each 1 oz. This plaster is used extensively in all cases where counter irrita- tion or revulsives are indicated; as in chronic aftections of the liver *nd lungs, or diseased joints, etc. It is applied by spreading it oa taS Dr. Chase's Recipes, cloth and over the seat of pain, renewing it every day, wiping off any matter which may be on it, and also wiping the sore produced by it with a dry clotli, until relief is obtained, or as long as the patient cl)lic:itic.u. More than double speed is made by this repetition. For inllanuniillon of any part of the body, apply this by wetting cloths. Even for sores about the ears and groins of babes, reduce it, and three or four applications will cure them. I have also found it valuable for horses, as a wash; when they get the eye injured by straws, or other- wise, which causes the eye to water, or niatterate, usirtg it freely. The use of this eye water enabled me to lay by the spectacles after foMr years' wearing, and I have since studied medicine and graduated IS a i)hysician, without resoiting again to their use, by the occasion:'.l 4pi)lication of the eye Avatei-. But I need not have resorted to the n.^e if the eye water again, had I not done in study, as I do in all things !lse, that is. when I have anything to do, I do it with all my might. ^ read steadily, day by day, sixteen hours — more than five other students read altogether, who roomed at the same house. Yet this counted in the end; for when the class began to inquire and look around, near the end of the term, for one to deliver the Valedictory, i>n their behalf, which is the custom in the Eclectic Meaical Institute, [ received that, the first honor of the class. I do not mention this to ooast, by no means, but to show the necessity, as well as the advan- tages, of hard study, especially to those who begin their studies late •n life, and are obliged to pay their way with their own hands, and 6iip;/ort a family also. This was my case exactly. In the commence- pient of my medical studies, I worked all day, reading half of the night, copying off the Latin terms, with their significations, on a slip Of paper, which I carried in my pocket during the next day, looking lit two or three of the terms at a time, through the day, until all were committed. And thus I accomplished no more than what any other man may do, if he goes at it with a will, and does as I did; and that some one may be stimulated to this course is the onlj^ object of the recital. See " Advice to Young Men." 2. Dr. Raymond, of Grass Lake, Mich., who obtained the above prescription of me, adds to each ounce of water u.sed, one grain of morphine, and he tells me he has great success Avitli it ; the addition of the morjihine making it nearly resemble the celebrated prescription used by the English surgeons in India, which is as follows : 3. Indian Prescription for Sore Eyes.— Sulphate of zinc, 2 grs.; tincture of opium (laudanum), I dr.; rose water, 2 ozs. ; mix. Put a drop or two in the eye 2 or 3 times daily. 4. An eye doctor, of Xenia, O., makes a great use of the fol- lowing: 136 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. Sulphate of zinc, acetate of lead, and rock salt, of each, "% o».f loaf sugar, 1 oz. ; soft water, 12 ozs. ; mix without heat, and use as other eye waters. 6. Dr. Cook, of Ashtabula, Ohio, makes and sells large quanti- ties under the head of " Cook's Eye Water." It is as follows: Sulphate of zinc, 1 oz.; sugar of lead, J^ oz.; precipitated car- bonate of iron, 1^ oz.; salt, and sugar, of each, 1 table-spoon; the whites of two eggs; soft water, 32 ozs.; mix the whites of tlie eggs. zinc, salt, lead, sugar and iron well together, then add the water. 6. For Excessiye luflammatioii of the Eyes. — Poultice by boil- ing a handful of hops in water, putting in from ^ to 1 dr. of opium while boiling; when still warm, luj^ the hops over the eyes and keep them wet wiiii the water in which they s\er« boiled. A lady who had been blistered and otarved, according- to ttie old plan in this disease, was soon cured by this poulticing aiid w ashing the eyes often with the hop water containing the opium, with generous diet, etc., contrary to the expectatluti of friends, and the prediction 01 enemies, to the plan. 7. If sore eyes shed much water, put a little of the oxide of zini into a vial of water, and use it rather freely — it will soon cure thdt difficulty. §. Copperas and water lute cured sore eyes of long standing, and used quite strong, it makes aa excellent application in erysipelas. 9. Garden Rhubarb. — The juice of the root applied to the eye has cured bad cases. 10. Boil an egg, remove the yolk, and have ready equal part* of sulphate of zinc and loaf sugar, pulverized; till the place occupied by the yolk, and squeeze oui. the oil through a linen cloth, while hot and apply as needed. If tco strong, add a little rain water. I sold a book to a Mrsi. Johnson, in Wayne county, Mich., wli* had used this preparation very successfully for several years, and ha<- I not have already had it in my book, I could not have purchased it of her for less than five dollars, and she regretted very much that I wai taking from her a source of profit by selling the books in her neigh borhood containing the recipe. 11. Sailor's Eye Preparation. — Burn alum, and mix it with thh white of eggs, and put between two cloths, and lay it upon the eyes ; taking salte and cream-of-tartai", equal parts, to cleanse the blood. This was given to me, and very highly recommended, by an old Scotch sailor, with whom I have had much enjoyment, talking over the sufterings of the sea, he havuig used it many times in places where nothing else could be obtained. 12. Father Pinkney's Preparation for Very Bad Sore Eyes.- Castile soap, scraped fine, and half the quantity of verv finely pulver- ized chalk; wet them up to a paste with strong juice of tobacco; when desired to apply to the eye, drop two or three drops of brandy into the box of paste; then take out a bit of it wiiere the brandy was dropped, equal in size to the fourth of a grain of vvlieat, to the diseased eye; wet it on a bit of glass, and put it into the eye with a camel's hair pencil. Medical Department. 137 A.pply it twice daily at first, and from tiiat to only once in two dajs., for from one to two weeks, will, and has cured wretchedly bad case&, so says old Father Pinkney, of Wayne county, Michigan, who has ueed it over fifty years, he being over ninety years of age. His only object in giving it an insertion here is to do good to liis fellow creatures ; and also for animals, it being equally applicable to horses or cattle. • 13. Indian Eye Water. — Soft water, 1 pt. ; gum arable, 1 oz. ; white vitriol, 1 oz.; fine salt, '%^tQA.-'s\)00W'^ put all into a bottle and fihake until dissolved. Put into' the eye just as you retire to bed. I paid Mrs. Pinny, south of Ypsilaiiti, Mich., fifty cents for this prescription. She woull not, however, let her own family know its composition. Her husband had removed films from horses' eyes with It, and cured Mr. Chidister, a merchant of Tpsilanti, by only two applications, at. the saying is, after he had " tried everything else." It came from an otd Indian, but my knowledge of the articles would lead me to say for- common, at least, it would require to be reduced one-half. 14. Tobacco Eye Water. — Fine cut tobacco the size of a common hickory nut; sugar of lead equal in bulk; rain water, 2 ozs. ; opium the si/e of a pea. Keduce it with more water if necessary. 15. VerdigriiS and Honey, have cured inflamed eyes, by using just sufficient verdigris to color the water a grass color, then making It one-third honey. It is also said to prevent scars by using upon burns. 16. Raw Potatc/ Poultice, for inflamed eyes, is one of the very best applications in iOcent cases, scraping fine and applying fre- quently. 17. Slippery-Eliyr Poultices, are also an excellent application, nsed as above. 1§. Fiim*-To Rrtinove from the Eye.— Wintergreen leaf, bruised, and stewed in a suitable quantity of hens' oil to make the oil Btrong of the wintergrecn — strain and apply twice daily. The above cured a b(.y of this city, and I am satisfied that the hens' oil has cured recent cases, without the wintergreen; but with it, it has cured bcjists also. For cases of a year or two's standing, how- ever, it is best to use the loUowing: 19, Lime water, 1 pt.; finely pulverized verdigris, % oz. ; set on embers for 1 hour; then strain and bottle tight. Touch the film over the pupil, or oii the speck, 2 or 3 times daily, by putting the point of a camel's hair pencil into the preparation, then to the eye, holding away tlxe lida for a short time by placing the thumb and finger upon them for that purpose. It will be found necesi?ary to persevere for two or three months with this application, and also to use one of the "Alteratives," to cleanse the blood. This course, pursued for three months, gave sight to a young lady who had not.seen light for two years, which doctors •ould not do, nor were willing for others to do. 30. Eye Salve.— Take white precipitate, 1 tea-spoon, and rub it 138 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. into a salve with 3 tea-spoons of fresh lard, and applied upon *^» outside of the lid of the worst chronic (long: continued) sore eyes, haa cured them wlien tliey were so bad tliat even the eyelashe:^ (cilia) had fallen out, from the disease. A physician was cured with this eye salve wnen he could not cure himself. If red precipitate will cure the itch, why should not the white cure disease of the eye ? 21. Sore Eyes — To Remove the trraniilations.— Crystalized nitrate of silver, 2 grs.; morphia, 1 gi-.; blue vitriol, 1 gr. ; salammo- niac, 1 gr. ; pulverize each one separately, and mix. Apply onc^, daily, by putting a small bit of the mixture upon a piece of glass, moistening it with a little water, and putting into the eye by means of a small camePs hair pencil. 22. Another Method. — Is to take a stick of tag-alder about 2 feet long, boring a liole nearly through the middle of the stick, cross- wise, tilling it with salt, and plugging it up; then put one end into the fire and char it nearly to the salt, then the other end the same way; and finally pulverizing and applying the salt, the same as the above, once daily only. In either case, after the granulations (little lumps) are removed from the ej'e, or eyes, finish the cure by using any of the foregoing eye waters which you may choose; all the time using some of the alteratives for cleansing the blooa. FEVER SORES.— PLASTER, SALYES, Etc.— Black Salve.- Svveet oil, linseed oil, and red lead pulverized, of each 1 oz., (or in these proportions). Put all into an iron dish over a moderate fire, stirring constantly, until you can draw j'our finger over a drop of it on a board when a little cool, tvithout sticking. Spread on cloth, and apply as other salves. My brother, J. M. Chase, of Caneadea, N. T., says he has used this salve about fifteen years, and knows it to be one of the best in the world for all kinds of old sores, as ulcers, fever sores, and all inflamed parts, cleaning and taking out redness or inflammation, causing a white, healthy appearance in a short time, and a certain preventive of mortification, etc., etc., as well as to prevent soreness in more recent cuts and bruises, also; and from my own knowledge of a salve which is very similar, I have introduced it into this work, feeling assured that whoever may have occasion to try it, will not regret the space it occupies, especially after reading the following : A gentleman eaid to me during the past summer, " 1 will give you one of the most valuable salves in the world, for I cured a man's hand with it, which was so swollen that it looked more like a ham than a hand ; and two doctors said it must be cut otf ; also ulcerated." When he told me how it was made, I opened ray book to the above salvo, which was precisely the same as the one he used. 2. Red Salve.— Some prefer to prepare the salve as follows: Red lead, 1 lb. ; bees- wax and resin, of each, 2 ozs. ; linseed and sweet oils, of each, 3 table-spoons; spirits of turpentine, 1 tea-spoon, Medical Department. 139 (helt hH, except the first and last, together, then slir in the lead ami stir until cool, adding the turpentine. Used upon fever, and all other sores of an inflammatory character; at the same time taking the following pill to purify the blood: 3. Mandrake root, dried and pulverized, "% oz. ; blood-root, in the same way, }/^ oz. ; form into pills with extract of dandelion. DoSE. — Three pills may be taken at bed time, for 2 or 8 days, then add anothei^ pill, and at the end of a week take any cathartic you choose; then takei iodide of potash, 10 grs., and put it into a vial with I oz. of water, and' take 20 to 30 drops of it in a little more water, instead of the mandrake pill, for 3 or 4 days, then that pill again, as at first. By the time you have gone around three or four times, the blood will be pretty thoroughly cleansed — do not be afraid of the mandrake pill, as it will not act as a cathartic, but simply work upon the blood — if it does, reduce the number. You will be pleased with this method »f purification. 4. [ndian Cure. — G. A. Patterson, of Ashtabula, Ohio, was cured by an Indian physician, in Cleveland, of one of the worst fever sores almost ever known. The muscles of his leg were so contracted that no ttse could be made of his leg in getting about. Four months, and the following treatment, did the work: A syrup of Wahoo (Euonyrous Atropurpureus) — and here let me say that the Wahoo is the great Indian remedy for purifying the blood — was made by boiling very strong, then molasses and rum added to make it palatable and keep it fi-o::i souring; tliis was used sufiicieiit to keep the bowels solvent, sometimes rhcwing the bark of the root from whicli the syrup is made, preferring it a part of the time to the syrup. The sore was dressed AVith the following salve: Eesiu, 1 lb.; muttoH tallow, lib.; bees-wax,! lb.; linseed oil, 1 pt. ; ambrosial (highly fla- vored) soap, li^ozs. ; to make it, nr.x in an iron kettle and simmer 2 hours, stirring all the time. Spre<'».d on cloth, and apply as needed. Tlie contracted muscles were anointed with skunk's oil only. Mr. Patterson also extols it very highly for all common purposes. And as I have a few other recipes ^or fever sores which have been so highly recommended by those wh'* have used them, I cannot omit their ins'irtion, and I would especially recommend the next one following, called : 5. Kitridge's Salve. — Rif.*€r-sweet and sweet elder roots, of each 1^ lbs.; hop vines and leaves, and garden plantain, top .and root, of each, ]i, lb.; tobacco, 1 three cent plug. Boil all in rain water to get out the strength; then put the herbs in a thick cloth and press out the juice, and boil down carefully to 3^ pt. ; then add un.salted butter, 1 lb. ; bees-wax and resin, of each, 1 oz., and simmer over a slow fire until the water is all out. I obtained the abovt; from S. B. Newton, a farmer doctor near Mooreville, Miciiigan, who had cured fever sores, with it, of thirty-five years' standing; used it also on swellings in every case, once upon a boy who had an eye kicked out and swelled very bad; he keeps it in 140 Dr. Chase's Recipes. his stable all the time for wounds of horses and cattle, In castr&tlOB, etc., etc. I know it must be a very valuable salve. 6. Fever Sore Poultice. — Sassafras, baik of the root, dried and pulverized very fine ; make a bread and milk poultice quite thin, and stir in of the above powder to make it of proper consistence, applying 3 times in the 24 hours for 3 weeks ; then heal with a salve made by thickening honey to a salve with wheat flour. If there are loose bones, it will be quite sore while they are work- ing out, but persevere. A case was cured by it of twelve years' stand- ing ; the same man cured eight other cases, never having a failure, and it has proved successful on an abscess of the loins also. T. Yeast Poultice. — Fresh yeast, the thick part, thickened with flour and applied to fever sores, has proved very valuable, continuing it for several weeks, touching any point, wiiich does not heal readily, with finely pulverized verdigris rubbed up with a little lard ; then putting the poultice directly over the whole again. This heals, leaving the parts white and natural, instead of dark, at I have seen many cases which had been cured. §. Salve for Fever Sores, Abscesses, Broken Breasts, Etc.- Thoroughly steep tobacco, % oz., in soft water, 1 pt., straining out from the tobacco and boiling down to 1 gill ; then have melted lard, resin, and bees-wax, of each, % oz., simmering to a thick salve, then stirring in 1 gill of old rum, and if necessary, continuing the simmering a little longer. To be used as other salves. 9. Ointment. — Sweet clover (grown in gardens), stewed in lard, then add bees wax and wliite pine turpentine, equal parts, to form au ointment, is highly recommended. 10. Salve for Fever Sores, Cuts, Etc. — Spirits of turpentine ano honey, of each, 3^ pt., simmered over a slow fire until they unite bj stirring; then set aside to cool until you can put in the yolk of an egj| without its being cooked by the heat; stir it in and return it to the fire, adding camphor gum, }^ oz., simmer and stir until well mixed. By putting in the egg when cool, it combines with the other, but t put in while the salve is hot, it cooks, but does not combine. This iv very highly recommended, as above indicated. 11. William Howell, a fatiuer living about six miles fi*om Jack, son, Michigan, says he had a fever sore on his shin for twenty years, sometimes laying him up for months, and at one time preparations were made to cut oflf the limb, but an old man, in New Jersey, told him to: Scrape a fresh turnip and apply it every 4 hours, nig]it and day, until healed, which cured him. And he feels assured, from using it in other cases, that all will be pleased with it who have any occasion for its use. Apply it oftener if it becomes too oflfensive. SALVES.— Green Mountain Salve.— Resin, 5 lbs.; Burgundy pitch, becswa.x, ad mutton tallow, of each, }£ lb,; oil of hemlock, balsam of fir, oil of origanum, oil < f red cedar, and Vrnicu turpentine, of each, 1 oz. ; oil of wormwood, % oz. ; verdigris, vry ftjciy pulver- ized, 1 oz. ; melt the first articles together and a-U tht oiis, having rubbed the verdigris up with a little of the oils, anc? pat i' in witJ» tiu> Medical Department. I41 'jGQfyi articles, stirring well ; then pour into cold water and work as wax until cool enough to roll. This salve has no equal for rheumatic pains, or weakness in the side, back, shouklers, or any place where pain may locate itself. Where the skm is broken, as in ulcers, and bruises, I use it without the verdi- gris, making a white salve, even superior to " Peleg White's Old Salve." It is valuable in Dyspepsia, to put a plaster of the green salve over the stomach, and wear it as long as it will stay on, upon the back also, or any place where pain or weakness may locate. In cuts, bruises, abra- fcions, etc , spread the white salve upon cloth and apply it as a sticking plaster until well ; for rheumatism or weakness, spread the green salve upon soft leather and apply, letting it remain on as long as it will stay. For corns, spread the green salve upon cloth and put upon the corn, \ettjng it remain Until cured. It has cured them. A gentleman near Lancaster, Ohio, obtained one of my books laving this recipe in it, and one year afterwards he told me he had sold )ver tour thousand rolls of the salve, curing an old lady of rheumatism n six weeks, who had been confined to her bed for seven weeks, cover- ing all the large joints with the salve, without other treatment. For rolling out salves, see tlie cut on page 142. 2. Conklin's Celebrated Salve. — Eesin, 4 lbs.; bees-wax, Bur- gundy pitch, white pine turpentine, and mutton tallow, each, ]^ lb. ; camphor gum and balsam of fir, of each, J^ oz. ; sweet oil, J^ oz. ; and alcohol, % pt. Melt, mix, roll out, and use as other salves. Wonders ^lave been done with it. '3. Balm of Gilead Salve.— Mutton tallo ,v, yi lb. ; balm of gilead uuds, 2 v>zs. ; white pine gum, 1 oz.; red precipitate, 3^ oz. ; hard soap, ^j oz.; while sugar, 1 table-spoon. Stew the buds in the tallow until the strength is obtained, and press out or strain, scrape the soap and add it with tiie oilier articles to the tallow, using sutficient unsalted butter or sweet oil to bring it to a proper consistence to spread easily apon cloth. \^'hen nearly cool, stir in the red precipitate, mixmg thoroughly. This may bo more appropriately called an ointment. It is used for feats, scalds, bruis^.s, etc., and for burns, by spreading very thin — if sores gei proud fl&;^h in them, sprinkle a little burned alum on the salve before applying it. It has been in use in thi? country about forty years, with the grea^,est success. 4. Adhesive Plaster, or Salve, for Deep TVoiinds, Cuts, etc., in Place of Stitches. — iViiite resin, 7 ozs. ; bees-wax and mutton tallow, of each, J^ oz. ; melt all together, then pour into cold water and work as wax until thorough y mixed, then roll out into suitable sticks for U3fc. It may be spread upon firm cloth and cut into narrow strips. In case of deep wounds, or cuts, it will be found to firmly hold them together, by first pressing one end of a strip upon one side of the woimd until it adheres, then draw the edges of the wound closely together, and press down the other end of the strip until it adheres 142 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. also. The strips should reach three or four inches upon each side ol the cut, and run in difterent'directions across each other, to draw every part of the wound firmly in contact. It will crack easily after being spread until applied to the warm flesh, yet if made any softer it can not be depended upon for any length ot time, but as it is, it has oeet* worn as a strengtliening plaster, and remained on over a year. 5. Peleg White's Old Salve. — This formerly celebrated salve was composed of only three very simple articles. Our "Green Moun- tain Salve" is far ahead of it, j'^et for the satisfaction of its oldfnends I give you its composition : Resin, 3 lbs.; mutton tallow and bees-wax, of each, }^ lb. ; melted together and poured into cold water, then pulled, and worked as shoemakers' wax. It was recomniciidcd for old sores, cuts, rheumatic plasters, etc., etc. Apparatus for Making Salves ami Lozenges. The above cut represents a board prepared with strip.'^ ajjou it o^ the desired thickness for the diameter of the rolls of salve, ulso a piec^ of board with a handle, with which to roll the salve when properlj cooled for that purpose. The salve is laid between the strips, whicl are generally one inch thick, then, with the handle piece, roll it unti) that board comes down upon the strips, which makes the rous all of one size; use a little tallow to pievent sticking to the boards or hands; then cut off the desired length, and put a label upon them, to prevent them sticking to each other. A roller and tin cutter are also represented in the same cut, witl which, and another board, having thin strips upon it to correspond with thickness of lozenges required, you can roll the mass down until the roller touches the strips; and thus you can get them, as well as tlu- salve, of uniform thickness; then cut out with the cutter, laying them upon paper until dry. VERMIFUGES.— Santonin Lozenges.— Santonin, GO grs.; pulver- ized sugar, 5 ozs. ; mucilage of gum tragacnnth suflScient to make into a tiiick paste, worked carefully together, that the santonin *hall be evenly mixed throughout the whole mass, then if not in too great*. Medical Department . 143 nnff y, cover 'ij«* ^he juortar in which you have rubbed them, and let st;i/iu from i2 to 24 hours to temper; at which time they will roll out better than ir done immediately ; divide into 120 lozenges. See appar- atus, on precediiig page, for rolling and cutting out. Dose. — For a child 1 year old, 1 lozenge, night and morning; of 3 years, 2 lozenges; of 4 j^ears, 3; of 8 years, 4; oflO years or more, 5 to 7 lozenges; in all cases to be taken twice daily, and continuing until the worms start on a voyage of discovery. A gentleman cam^ Irtto the drug store one morning, with the remark, " Do j'ou know what your lozenges have been doing ? " As though they had killed sonie one, the answer was, no, is there any- thing wrong ; he held up both hands together, scoop shovel style, say- ing. " They fetched away the worms by the double handful." It is needless to attempt to give the symptoms by which the presence of worms might be distinguished; for the symptoios of nearly every other disease is, sometimes, matiifested by their presence. But if the belly be quite hard and unusuaily large, with a peculiar and disagree- able breath in the morning, foul ot furred tongue, upper lip swollen, itching of the nose and anus, milky white urine, bowels sometimes obstinately costive, then as obstinately loose, with a craving appetite, then loathing food at times; rest assured that worm medicine will not be amiss, whether the person be child 01 adult. It would be well to take a mild cathartic after four to six days use of the lozenges, unless »,he worms have passed oflF sufficiently free before that time, to show tbeir general destruction. Very high praisa has also been given to the foDowing: 2. Vermifwge Oil— Prof. Freeman's. — In the May number of the JSclectic Medical Journal of Cincinnati, Ohio, I find so valuable a vermifuge from Prof. Z. Freeman, that I must be excused for its insertion, as the articles can always be obtained, whilst in some places you might not be able to get the santonin called for in the lozenges. Bis remarks following the recipe will make all needed explanations, and give confidence in the treatment. The explanations in brackets are my own, according to the custom through the whole work. "Take oil of chenopodii, }4 oz. (oil of worm-se^id,) ; oil of tere- binth, 2 drs. (oil of turpentine,) ; oil of ricini, IJ^ ozs. (castor oil,); fluid extract of spigelia, 3^ oz. (pink,); hjdrastin, lOgrs.; syrup of menth. pip., J^ oz. (syrup of peppermint.) Dose. — To a child of 10 years of age, a tea-spoon 3 times a day, 1 hour before each meal ; if it purges too freely, give it less often. "This is an excellent vermifuge, tonic, and cathartic, and has never failed (as well as I can judge,) to eradicate worms, if any were present, when administered for that purpose. I have given no other vermifuge for the last five years, and often one tea-spoon has brought away from three to twenty of the lumbrica. Only a few days ago I prescribed one fluid drachm of it, (about one tea-spoon,) and caused 144 ^^- Chase's Recipes. the expulsion of sixty lumbricoids, and one fluid drachm, taking a few days afterwards, by the same child, brought away forty more, some of them six inclies in length. Where no worms are present, it answers t lie purpose of a tonic, correcting the condition of the mucus mem- brane of the stomach and bowels, improving the appetite and diges- tion, and operating as a mild cathartic." 3. Worm Tea. — Carolina pink-root, senna leaf, manna, and American worm-seed, of each, %, oz.; bruise and pour on boiliiij: water, 1 pt, and steep without boiling. Sweeten well, add half a.s much milk. Dose. — A child of five years, may take 1 gill 3 times daily, before meals, or sutiicient to move the bowels rather freely. If this does not carry off any worms, wait one day and repeat the operation ; but if the bowels do not move by the first day's work, in- crease the dose and continue to give it until that end is attained before stopping the medicine. This plan will be found an improvement upon the old where the lozenges or oil cannot be obtained, as above. 4. Worm Cake. — ^^uglish Remedy. — Wheat flour and jalap, ol cacii, 3^ lb.; calomel, grain-tin, and ginger, of each, 1 oz. Mis iliiii'oughly and wet up as dough, to a proi^er consistence to roll out' tiien roll out as lozenge cakes, to three-sixteenths of an inch in thick ness; then cut out % incli square and dry them. Dose. — For a child liom 1 to 2 years, ^ of a cake; 4 to 5 j^ears, 1 cake; from 5 to 7 veais. \\i cakes; from 7 to 10, \%\ from 10 to 12, 1^; from 12 to*14, 2: from 14 to 17, 234^; from 17 to 20 years, and all above that age, 23^ cakes, but all men above that age, 3 cakes. •' Children may eat them, or they can be shaved off very fine and mixed in a little treacle, honey or preserves. If after taking tiie tir.si dose they do not work as you desire, increase the dose a little, TIk l)atient to take the medicine twice a week — Sundays and Wednesday.- To be taken in tlie morning, fasting, and to be worked off with a littk warm tea, w-ater gruel, or warm broth. N. B,— Milk must not be used in working them off, and be careful of catching cold. — Snodlu. Printer, Oakham, Engy I obtained the above of an English family who prized it very highly as a cathartic for common purposes, as well as for worms. And all who are willing to take calomel, I have no doubt will be pleased with its operations. TAPE WORM.— Simple, but Effectual Remedy.— This, very an- noj'ing and distressing, worm has been removed by taking two ounce doses of common pumpkin-seeds, pulverized, and repeated every four or five hour.s, for four or five days. .«!pirits of turpentine, also in dose? of one-half to two ounces, with castor oil, have proved very effectual, the root of the male fern, valerian, bark of the pomegranate root, etc.-. have been used with success. But ni)'^ chief object in sjjcaking upon tliis subject, is to give the successes of Drs. Beach, of New York, and Dowler, of Beardstown, 111., frcnn their singularity and perfect eradi- cation of the worm, in both cases : The first is from "Beach's Ameri- Medical Department. 145 tan t'r&ctice, and Family Physician," a large work, of three volumes, eostmg Twenty Dollars, consequently not generally circulated ; whilst the latter Is taken from the " Eclectic Medical and College Journal," of Cincinnati, and therefore only taken by physicians of that school. The lust was first published by the "New Orleans Medical and Sur- gical Journal." First then, Dr. Beach says: "The symptoms of a tape- worm, as related to me by Miss Dumou- line, who had suflFered with it for twenty-five years, are in substance as follows: It commenced at the age often, and afflicted her to the age of thirty-five. The worm often made her distressingly sick at the stomach ; she would sometimes vomit blood and be taken suddenly ill, and occasionally while walking. It caused symptoms of many other diseases, great wasting of the flesh, etc. Her appetite was very ca- pricious, being at times good, and then poor for months, during which time her symptoms were much aggravated; sickness, vomiting, great pain in the chest, stomach and side, motion in the stomach, and also Jn the bowels, with pain, a sense of fullness or swelling, and beating or throbbing in the same, dizziness, heaviness of the eyes: — and she was altogether so miserable that she feared it would destroy her. When *he laced or wore anything tight, it pi'oduced great distress. The ivorm appeared to rise up in her throat and sicken her. Her general bealtli was very bad. At intervals, generally some time after taking medicine, pieces of the worm would pass from the bowels, — often as naany as forty during the day, all alive, and would swim in water. "Treatment. — Miss Dumouiine stated that she had employed twentj' physicians, at different periods, and taken a hundred different clnds of medicine without expelling tlie worm. She had taken spirits )f turpentine, but could not retain it upon the stomach. Under these circumstances I commenced my treatment. Cowage stripped from the pod, a small tea-spoon three times a day, to be taken, fasting, in a tittle arrow-root jelly; then occasionally a purgative of mandrake. In connection with this, I directed her to eat freely of garlic, and com- mon fine salt. \ gave these under the belief that each article possess- ed vermifuge properties, without ever having administered them for the tape-worm. After having taken them for some time, all her un- favorable symptoms ceased, and subsequently the remaining portion of the worm passed lifeless from her — an unprecedented circumstance. " She immediately recovered, and has since retained her health, and there is no evidence that there is any remaining. The patient stated that the worm which passed from her during the time she was afflicted with it, would fill a peck measure, and reach one mile in lengtli. Her relief and gratitude may be better imagined than de- scribed.- I have a portion of this worm in my possession. When once the tape-worm begins to pass the bowels, care must be taken not to break it ofl^ for it will then grow again — it has this peculiar prop- erty." 3. Secondly, Dr. Dowler says: "The subject of this notice ia a 146 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. daughter of Mr. E. Fish, of Beardstown, Illinois, about six years old The only point of special interest In the case consists in the efflclencj of the remedy — to me wholly new, and accidentally brought to my notice — which was used in its treatment. "I was treating a brother of this patient; a part of my prescrip- tion for whom was, as a drink, the mucilage of elm bark, made by putting pieces of the solid bark into water. The girl was seen to b« frequently eating portions of the bark during the day ; the next morn- ing after which, upon my visiting the boy, the mother, with much anxiety, showed me a vessel containing something that had that morning passed the girl's bowels, with bits of the elm bark, enveloped in mucilage, which, upon examination, proved to be about three feet of tape-worm. As I supposed the passage of the worm was accidental, and had occurred from the looseness caused by the bark, I proceeded to prescribe what I supposed a much more potent anthelmintic, a larg« dose of turpentine and castor oil. The turpentine and oil were givei several times during the three consecutive days, causing pretty activ* purging, but with no appearance of any portions of the worm. TTm girl being slender, and of irritable temperament, I was forced to desis from further active medications ; and partly to allay irritation of th< bowels, and partly to test the influence of the bark on the worm, I directed that she should resume the use of the bark as before, bj chewing and swallowing in moderate quantities. " On visiting her the succeeding morn ing, I was shown portio* of the worm, mostly in separate joints, that had been passed ovej night. Feeling now some confidence in the antJielmintic powers, of th< elm bark, I directed the continued use of it, in the solid form, as be- fore, while there should be any portions of worm passing. In mj daily calls for some days, I had the satisfaction to learn that portioni of the worm continued to pass, from day to day, and sometimes several times a day. " I now ceased to visit my little patient, intending only an occa. sional visit; bat my confidence in the eflicacy of the elm bark being sft well established, I advised its use to be continued for even two 01 three days after any portions of the worm should be seen in the evacu- ations. The portions of the worm expelled— even the separate joints— ivere alive, showing more or less motion ; a sense of their presence Ip the rectum, from their action, seemed to urge the patient to go to «tool • or their removal. " Having given direction for the links or jrtatj^to be counted, «ai* w^as taken to do so, by the mother; and from my notes of the case, I find that during about seven weeks of the intervening time, there had been expelled, by estimate, (taking the average lengths of the joints,) about forty-five feet of worm. At this time Uiere had been no por- tions of the worm passed for two week^ dwrins- which time the va^ niS Medical Department. 147 the bark iiao Geen omitted. The head of the worm, with about fifteen inches of the body attached, had been expelled ! But thinking that all portion': of the worm or worms might not have been removed, I ad- vised that the patient should resume the use of the bark. Very soon the next day, after doing so, further portions commenced coming away, among them one about six feet long, tapering to a thread-like, termination. " The next time I took notes of the case, my estimate of the entire length of the worm that had been expelled, footed up one hundrtid and thirty-five feet, whether one or more worms, I am unable to saj% as in the portions I say there w«re a head and tail, of what I supposed one worm. Since the last estimate there have been joints occasionally evacuated. "This patient, when first treated, was thin in flesh — liad been growing so for some two years — attended with the usual nervous eymptoras, starting out of sleep, variable appetite, etc., but with no great departure from good liealth. "As to the influence of this very bland agent in the dislodgment oif the tape-worm, in this case, I think there can be no doubt, whatever D>ay be the theory of its action. ********* " The passage of portions of the worm, so promptly, on the use of the bark, and tlie ceasing to do so on the discontinuance of its use — even while active purgative anthelmintics were used — leave no room to doubt its efiiectiveness in at least this case, as a worm-expelling agent. " It seems probable that the bark, with its thick mucilage, so in- terposes between the animal and the inner surface of the bowels, as to prevent its lateral grasp on their surface, in consequence of which it is compelled to yield to the forces naturally operating, and it is carried out with the discharges. But as my object was simply to state the practical facts in this case, I will ofier no further reflections." COUGHS. — Cough Lozenges. — Powde'-ei\ ipecacuanha, 25 grs. ; kermes mineral, 50 grs. ; sulphate of morphia, 8 grs. ; powdered wiiite sugar, gum arable, and extract of licorice, of each li^ozs. ; oil of anise, 20 drops; syrup of tolu, sufficient to work into mass form; rollout, and cut into 160 lozeugess. DosE. — One lozenge 3 times daily. — Farish''i Pharmacy. Tlie above is the prescription of the "regulars," but theie are tliose, perhaps, who would prefer the more rational prescription of the "irregulars," next following; and there are those who would prefer the " Cough Candy," in place of either of the lozenges. By the inser- tion of the variety, all can please themselves. 2. Coagli Lozenges.— Another valuable lozenge is made as folr lows: Extract of blood-root, licorice, and black cohosli, of each ^ oz.; tinctures of ipecac and lobelia, with laudanum, of each 34 oz.; cayenne. J 48 Dr. Chase's Recipes. powdered, 10 grs ; pulverized ffum arable and starch, of each j!4 oz. i mix all together, and add pulverized sugar, 3 ozs. If tliis shomd be too dry to roll into lozenges, add a thick solution of gum arable to giv* it that consistence; and if it sliould be yet too moist, at any time, add more sugar. Divide into 320 lozenges. Dose. — One, 3 to 6 times dailj', as needed. 3. Fjilnionic Wafers. — Pulverized sugar, 7 ozs. ; tincture of ipecac, 3 drs. ; tincture of blood-root and syrup of tolu, of each 2 drs. ; tinctuie of thoroughwort, 3^ oz. ; morphine, \]A grs. Dissolve the morphine in water, i^ tea-spoon, having put in siuphuricacid 2 drops; now mix all, and add mucilage of conifrey-root or gum arable, to form a suitable paste to roll and cut into common sized wafers or lozenges. Directions. — Allow 1 to dissolve in the mouth for a dose, or dissolve 6 in 3 table-spoons of warm water, and take 3^ of a spoon 6 times daily, or oftener if need be. 4. Coiiglis from Recent Colds.— Remedy. — Linseed-oil, honey, and Jamaica rum, equal parts of each; to be shaken when used. This has given very general satisfaction in recent coughs, but tho ollow^ng will probably giv(! (he most general satisfaction: 5. Cough Mixture for Recent Colds.— Tincture of blood-root, syrups of ipecac and squills, tincture of balsam of tolu, and pare- goric, equal parts of each. Dose. — Half of a tea-spoon whenever the cough is sevei'e. It is a very valuable medicine. 6. Cough Candy. — Tincture of squills, 2 ozs. ; camphorated tinctuie of opium, and tincture of tolu, of each, J^ oz. ; wine of ipecac, J^ oz ; oils of gaultheria, 4 drops, sassafras, 3 drops, and of anise-seed oil, 2 drops. The above mixture is to be put into 5 lbs. of candy which is just ready to take from the fire, continuing the boiling a little longer, so as to form into sticks. — Parisli's Pharmacy. Druggists will get confectioners to make this for a trifle on the pound over common candies, they, of coarse, furnishing their own compound. 7. Cough Syrup. — Wahoo, bark of the root, and elecampane root, of each, 2 ozs. ; spikenard root, and tamarack bark, (unrossed, but the mo.ss may be brushed oft',) of each 4 ozs.; mandrake root, 3^ oz. ; blood-root, J^oz. ; mix alcohol, 1 pt., with sufficient water to cover all, handsomely, and let stand 2 or 3 days; then pour off 1 qt., putting on water and boiling twice, straining the two waters and boiling down to 3 pts ; when cool add 3 lbs. of honey, and alcoholic fluid poured oil", with tincture of wine of ipecac, \% ozs. ; if the cough should be very tight, double the ipecac; and wash the feet daily in warm water, rubbing them thoroughly with a coarse towel, and, twice a week, extending the wasliing and rubbing to the whole body. Dose. — One table-spoon 3 to 5 times daily. If the cough is very troublesome when you lie down at night, or on waking in tlie morning, put tar and spirits of nitre, of each one tea-spoon, into a four-ounce vial of water, shaking well; then at these times just sip about a tea-spoon from the bottle without shaking, wliich will allay the tickling sensation causing the cough. I have cured a young lady, during the past winter, with the above syrup, whose cough had been pretty constant for over two years. Her friends hardly expected it ever to be any better, but it was only MedUal Depurtment, 149 neceasary to m^ke ihe abo^e amount of synip iwiee to perrbnn the cure. 8. Cough Tinctureo- Tinctures of blood-root and balsam of tolu, of each, 4 ozs. ; tiiicturea of lobelia and digitalis, of each, 2 ozs. : tincture of opium (laudanum), 1 oz. ; tincture of oil of anise (oil of anise one-half tea-spoon Jn an ounce of alcohol), 1 oz. Mix. Dose. — About one-half tea-spoon 3 times daily, in the same amount of honey,, increasing to a tea-spoon if needed to loosen and lessen the cough. It has raised cases which doctors said must die, causing the patient to raise matter resembling the death-smell, awful indeed. It will cure cough, not by stoppinor it, but by loosening it, assisting the lungs and throat to throw off the offending matter, which causes the cough, and thus «cie/i^(^ca%, making the cin-e perfect; while most of the cough remedies kept for sale stop the cough by their anodyne and constring- ing effects, retaining tlie mucus and all offending matters in the blood, causing permaneat disease of the lungs. But notwithstanding the known value of this "Cough Tincture,'' where the tamarack and other ingredients can be obtained, I must give my preference to the "Cough Syrup," No. 7. 9. CougJ* Pill,— Extract of hyoscyamus, balm of gilead buds, with pulverized ipecac, or lobelia, and balsam of fir, of each, 3^ oz. ; oil of anise, a few drops, to form into common sized pills. Dose. — One or two pills 3 or 4 times daily. Dr. Beach says he endeavored for more than twenty-five years to obtain a medicine to fulfill the indications which are effected in this cough pill, particularly for ordin.ry colds and coughs ; and this admirably answers the intention, excelling all others. It allays the Irritation of the mucous membrane, the bronchial tubes, and the lungs, and will be found exceedingly valuable in deep-seated coughs and all diseases of the chest. The bad effects of opium (so much used in coughs) are in this pill entirely obviated, and it is altogether better than the Cough Drops, which I now dispense with. — Beach'' s American Practice. WHOOPIXG COUGH.— Syrup.— Onions and garlics, sliced, of eacli, 1 gill; sweet oil, 1 gill; stew them in the oil, in a covered dish, to obtain the juices; then strain and add honey, 1 gill; paregoric and spirits of camphor, of each, % oz. ; bottle and cork tight for use. Dose. — For a child of 2 or 3 years, 1 tea-spoon 3 or 4 times daily, or whenevei the '•ough is troublesome, increasing or lessening, according to age. This is a granny's prescription, but I care not from what source 1 derive information, if it gives tlie satisfaction which this has done, upon experiment. This lady has raised a large family of her own children, and grand-children in abundance. We liave tried it with three of our cliildren also, and prescribed it in many other cases with satisfaction, for over seven years. It is excellent also in common I JO Dr. Chasers Recipes. colds attended with much cough. This is from experience, too, whicb I have found a very competent teaclier. It is said that a European pliysician lias discovered that the dan- gerous symptoms of whooping cough are due to suppressed cutaneous eruptions, and that an external irritant, or artificial rash, is a sure remedy. See " Small Pox." 2. Dailey's Whooping Cough Syrup.— Take the strongest West India rum, 1 pt. ; anise oil,. 2 ozs ; honey, 1 pt. ; lemon juice, 4 ozs. ; mix. Dose. — For adults, 1 table-spoon 3 or 4 times a day, — children, 1 tea-spoon, with as much sugar and water. He says that he has successfully treated more than one hundred cases with this syrup. 3. Sorenes.s or Hoarseness from Coughs. — Remedy. — Spikenard root, bruised and steeped in a tea-pot, by using half water and half spirits; then inhaling the steam, when not too hot, by breathing through the spout, will relieve the soreness and hoarseness of the lungs, or throat, arising from much coughing. IN-GROWING TOE NAIL.— To Cure.— We take the following remedy for a very common and very painful affliction, from the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal : " The patient on whom I first tried this plan was a young lady who had been unable to put on a shoe for several months, and decid- edly the worst I have ever seen. The edge of the nail was deeply undermined, the granulations formed a high ridge, partly covered with tlie skin ; and pus constantly oozed from the root of the nail. The whole toe was swollen and extremely painful and tender. Mj mode of proceeding was this: " I put a very small piece of tallow in a spoon, and heated it until it became very hot, and poured it on the granulations. The effect was almost magical. Pain and tenderness were at once relievedj and in a few days the granulations were all gone, the diseased parts dry and destitute of all feeling, and the edge of the nail exposed so as to admit of being pared away without any inconvenience. The cure was complete, and the trouble never returned. " I have tried the plan repeatedly since, with the same satisfac- tory resultSv The operation causes but little pain, if the tallow is properly heated. A repetition in some cases miglit be necessary, although I have never met witli a case that did not yield to one appli- cation." It has now been proven, in many other cases, to be efFectuaL, accomplishing in one minute, without pain, all that can be eftected by the painful application of nitrate of silver foi- several weeks. OILS. — Britisli Oil.— Linseed and turpentine oils, of each, 8 ozs.; oils of amber and juniper, of each, 4 ozs. ; Barbadoes tar, 8 ozs.; sen- eca oil, 1 oz. Mix. This is an old prescription, but it is worth the whole cost of this hook to any one needing an application for cuts, bruises, swellinijs. Medical Department. 15 1 fttid sores of almost every description, on persons, horses, or cattle ; so Is the following, also: 2. Balm of Grilead Oil. — Balm of Gilead buds, any quantity; place them in a suitable dish for stewing, and pour upon them suffi- f breath, cough, inward or outward sores, dropsy, worms, gravel, ^avers, palpitation of the heart, giddiness, headache, etc., etc., by Uvking it internally, and for ulcers, malignant sores, cankers, etc., •inointing externally, and wetting linen with it and applying to burns. In fact, if one-half that is said of its value is true, no other medicine ueed ever be made. It iias this much in its favor, however, — probably 00 otlier medicine now in use has been in use half so long — over 160 years. The dose for a cliiid is one drop for each year of its age. 4. Oil of Spike. — ihe genuine oil of spike is made from the lavendula spica (broad-lciived lavendar), but the commercial oil of spike is made by taking the rock oil, and adding 2 ozs. of spirits of turpen- \ine to each pint. The rock oil which is obtained in Ohio, near Warren, is thicker and better than any other whicli I have ever used. 5. Black Oils. — Best alcohol, tincture of arnica, Britisli oil, and oil of tar, of each, 2 ozs. ; and slowly add sulphuric acid, % oz. Tliese black oils are getting into extensive use, as a liniment, and are indeed valuable, especially in cases attended with much inflamma- tion. ^. Another Method — Is to take sulphuric acid, 2 ozs. ; nitric acid, 1 oz.; quicksilver, J^oz.; put them together in a quart bottle, or an open crock, until clissolved; then slowly add olive oil and spirits of turpentine, of each, % pt., putting in tiie oil first. Let the work be done out of doors, to avoid the fumes arising from the mixture ; when all Is done, bottle and put in all the cotton cloths it will dissolve, when it is fit for use. The mixture becomes quite hot, although no heat is used in making it, from setting free what is called latent or insensible heat, by their comt)ining together. Rev. Mr. Way, of Plymouth, Mich., cured himself of sore throat by taking a few drops of this black oil upon sugar, letting it slowly dissolve upon the tongue, each evening after preacniiog, also wetting cloths and binding upon the neck. It will be 152 Dr. Chase's Recipes. necessary to avoid getting it upon cotton or linen which you would not wish to show 11 stain. A colt which had a fistulous opening between the hind legs, from a snag, as supposed, which reduced him so that he had to l)e lifted up, when down, was cured by injecting twice only, of this oil, to fill the diseased place. Also a very bad fever sore, upon the leg — ah! excuse me! — upon the limb of a young lady, which baffled the scientific skill of the town in which she lived. In case they bite too much in any of their applications, wet a piece of brown paper in ivaler, and lay it over the parts. OPODELDOC— Liquid.— Best brandy, 1 qt. ; warm it and add gum camphor, 1 oz. ; sal-ammoniac and oil of wormwood, of each, J^ oz. ; oils of origanum and rosemary, of each, )^ oz. ; when the oils are dissolved by the aid of the heat, add soft soap, 6 ozs. Its uses are too well known to need further description. DIARRHEAS.— Cordial. — The best rhubarb root, pulverized, 1 oz. ; peppermint leaf, 1 oz. ; capsicum, )^ oz. ; cover with boilins water, and steep thoroughly, strain, and add bicarbonate of potasS and essence of cinnamon, of each, 3^ oz. ; with brandy (or good whisky) equal in amount to the whole, and loaf sugar, 4 ozs. Dose.-« For an adult, 1 to 2 table-spoons ; for a child, 1 to 2 tea-spoons, f rofli 3 to 6 times per day, until relief is obtained. Tills prei)aration has been my dependence, in my travels and h my f luily, tor several years, and it has never failed us. But h. extremely bad cases it might be well to use, after each passage, th* following: 3. Injection for Chronic Diarrhea.— New milk, with thick mu cilage of slippery elm, of each, 1 pt. ; sweet oil, 1 gill ; molasses, )^ pt. ; salt, 1 oz. ; laudanum, 1 dr. Mix, and inject what the bowels will retain. Very many children, as well as grown persons, die annually ol this disease, who might be saved by a proper use of the above injectioi and cordial. The injection should never be neglected, if tb4?te is th* least danger apprehended. Although I believe these would not fail in one case out of on» hundred, yet I have some other prescriptions which are so highij spoken of, I will give a few more. The first, from Mr. Hendee, of Warsaw, Indiana, for curing Diarrhea, or Bloody Flux, as follows: 3. Diarrhea Tincture. — Compoimd tincture of myrrh, 6 ozs. ; tincture of rhubarb, and spirits of lavender, of each, 5 ozs. ; tincture of opium, 3 ozs.; oils of anise and cinnamon, with gum camphor and tartaric acid, of each, J4 oz. Mix. Dosb, — One tea-spoon in 3^ a tea-cup of warm water sweetened with loaf sugar ; lepeat after each passage. He says he has cured many cases after given up by physiciana. I< must be a decidedly good preparation. Or, again : 4. Diarrhea Drops, — Tincture of rhvbarl). nnfi compound sp'rits of laventler, of each, 4 ozs.; laudanum, 2 ozh ; c'lmamon oil, 3 drops. Mix. Dose. — One tea-spoon every 3 or 4 hours, aooordiug ta »^m severity of the case. Medkal Department. 153 rhifii speaks from ten years' successful experience. 5. Diarrhea Syrup— For Cases brought on by long continued •iSb lit Calomel. — Boxwood, black cherry and prickly asli barks, with dunJeliou root, of each, 2 ozs. ; butternut bark, 1 oz, ; boil thoroughly, strain and boil down to 1 qt. ; then add loaf sugar, 2 lbs., and alcohol, 1 gill, or brandy, J^ pt. DoSE. — A wine-glass from 3 to 5 times daily, according to circumstances. This regulates the bowels and tones up the system at the same time, no matter whether loose or costive. In one case of costivenees it brought a man around all right who had been sewed up tight for twelve days. On the othet hand, it has regulated the system after months of calomel-diarrhea. 6. Wintergreen berries have been found a valuable corrector of Diarrhea brought on by the long-continued use of calomel in cases of fever, eating a quwrt of them in 3 days' time. The gentlemu/i of whom I obtained this item tells me that winter- green essence has done the same thing, when the berries could not be obtained. In the first place, "everything else," as the saying is, had been tried in vain, and ilie man's wife, in coming across the woods, found these berries and picked some, which, when the husband saw, he craved, and woula not rest without them, and, notwithstanding the fears of friends, they cured him. Many valuable discoveries are made in a similar manner. 7. Dried whortleberries, steeped, and the juice drank freely, has cured Diarrhea and Bloody Flux, both in children and adults. §. Diarrhea and Canker Tea. — Pulverized hemlock bark (it is generally kept by druggists), 1 table-spoon, steeped in half a tea-cup of water. For young children, in Diarrhea, or Canker, or when they are combined, leed a tea-spoon of it, or less, according to the child's age, two or three times daily, until cured. To overcome costiveness, which may arise from its use, scorch fresh butter, and give it in place of oil, and in quantities corresponding with oil. Children have been saved with three cents' worth of this bark, which "Allopath" said must die. If good for children, it is good for adults, by siniplj- increasing the dose. 9. Sumac hobs, steeped and sweetened with loaf sugar, has been found very valuable for Diarrhea; adding, in very sevei-e cases, alum, \)alverized, a rounding tea-spoon, to 1 pt. of the strong tea. Dose. — A tea, to a table-spoon, according to the age of the child, and the" severity of the case It saved the life of a child when two M. D.'s (Mule Drivers) said it could not be saved. CHOLERA TINCTURE.— Select the thinnest cinnamon bark, cloves, gum gauiac, all pulverized, of each, 1 oz. ; very best brandy, 1 qt. Mix, and shake occasionally for a week or two. Dose. — A tea- spoon to a table-spoon for an adult, according to the condition and robustness or strength of the system. It may be repeated at intervals 1^4 Dr, Chase' s Recipes. of 1 to 4 howrs, if necessary, or much more often, according to the condition of tlie bowels. This I have from an old railroad-boss, who used It with his men during the last cholera in Ohio, and never lost a man, whilst other jobbers left the road, or lost their men in abundance, thinking the above too simple to be of any value. 2. Isthmus Cholera Tincture.— Tincture of rhubarb, cayenne, opinm, and spirits of camphor, with essence of peppermint, equal parts of each, and each as strong as can be made. Dose. — From 5 to 30 drops, or even to 60, and repeat until relief is obtained, every 5 to 30 minutes. C. H. Cuyler, who was detained upon the Isthmus during the cholera period, was saved by this prescription, as also many others. 3. Cholera Preventive. — Hoffman's anodyne and essence of ppppermint, of each, 3 ozs. ; tincture of ginger, 1 oz.; laudanum, spirits of camphor, and tincture of cayenne, of each, J^ oz. ; mix. DOSE.^ For an adult, from a tea to a table-spoon, according to symptoms. 4. Cholera Cordial. — Clilorot'orm, si)irits of camphor, lauda' num, and aromatic spirits of ammonia, of each 1 dr.; cinnamon water, 2 ozs.; mix. DosE. — From 1 tea to a table-spoon, to be welJ shaken, and taken with sweetened water. 5. German Cholera Tincture.— Sulphuric ether, 2 ozs.; and put into it castor and gentian, of each ]^ oz. ; opium and agaric, each 1 (ir. ; gum camphor, J^ oz. ; let them stand 2 days, then add alcohol, 1 qt. ; and let stand 14 days, when it is ready for use. Dose.— One tea- spoon every 15 or 20 minutes, according to the urgency of the case. I obtained this prescription of a German at Lawrenceburg, Ind., who had done very much good with it during the last cholera period in that place. 6. Egyptian Cure for Cholera.— Best Jamaica ginger root, bruised, 1 oz. ; cayenne, 2 tea-spoons; boil all in 1 qt. of water, to % pt., and add loaf sugar to form a tliick syrup. Dose.— One table- spoon every 15 minutes, until vomiting and purging ceases, thoD follow up with a blackberry tea. The foregoing was obtained of a physician who practiced in Egypt, (not the Illinois Egypt,) during tlie great devastation of the cholera there, with which he saved many lives. 7. India Prescription for Cholera.— First dissolve gum cam- phor, \i oz., in 13^ ozs. of alcohol; second, give a tea-spoon of spirits of hartshorn in a wine-glass of water, and follow it every 5 minutes witli 15 drops of the camphor, in a tea-spoon of water, for 3 doses, then wait 15 minutes, and commence again as before, and continue the camphor for 80 minutes unless there is returning heat. Should this be the case, give one more dose and the cure is effected. Let them perspire freely, (which the medicine is designed to cause,) as upon this the life depends, but add no additional clothing. Lady Ponsonby, who had spent several years in India, and had proved the efficacy of the foregoing, returned to Dublin in 1833, and published it in the Dublin Mail, for the benefit of her ^^uutrymen, declaring that she never knew- it to fail. Medteul Department. 155 I would Bay, 6e very sure you have the cholera, as the tea-spoon "f hartshorn would De a rlouDle dose for ordinary cases of disease. §. Nature's Cholera Medicine. — Laudanum, spirits of camphor, and tincture of rhubarb, equal parts of each. Dose. — One table- spoon every 1.5 to 20 minutes, until relieved. In attacks of cholera, tlie patient usually feels a general uneasi- ness and heat about the stomach, increasing to actual distress and i^reat anxiety, finally sickness, with vomiting and purging, surface constringed, the whole powers of the system concentrated upon the internal organs, involving the nervous system, bringing on s;»asms, and in the end, death. Now, whatever will allay this uneasiness, drive to the surface, connect the discharges, and soothe the nerves, <;ures the disease. The laudanum does the first and the last, the cam. phor drives to the surface, and the rhubarb corrects the alimentary Aanal; and if accompanied with the hot bath, frictions, etc., is doubly «ure. And to show what may be done with impunity in extreme :ases, let me say that Merritt Blakeley, living near Flat Rock, Mich., ame home from Detroit during the last cholera season, having the .'holera in its last stage, that is, with the vomiting, purging, and •»pasms; the foregoing medicine being in the house, the wife, in her hurry and excitement, in place of two-thirds of a table-spoon, she /•ead two-thirds of a teacup, and gave it accordingly, and saved his •ife; whilst if taken in the spoon doses, at this stage of the disease, he would most undoubted!}' never have rallied from the collapse into •vhich he was fast sinking; yet in the commencement they would have been as effectual ; so, mistake would be generallj'^ accredited for saving »he patient, — I say Providence did the work. Five to 10 drops would be a dose for a child of 2 to 5 years, and m this dose it saved a child of 23^ years, in a bad case of bloody flux. If any one is peimitted to die with all these prescriptions before ihem, it must be because a proper attention is not given; for God most nndoubtedly works through the use of means, and is best pleased to sec his children loear out, rather than hreak by collision of machinery on the way. CHOLIC AND CHOLERA. MORBUS.— Treatment.— Cholera mor- bus arises from a diseased condition of the bile, often brought on 'by over-indulgence with vegetables, especially unripe fruits; usually commencing with sickness and pain at the stomach, followed by the most excruciating pain and griping of the bowe's, succeeded by vomit- ing and purging, which soon prostrate the patient. The person finds himself unavoidably drawn into a coil by the contraction of the mus- cles of the abdomen and the extremities. Thirst very great, evacua- tions fti-st tinged with bile, and finally, nearly all, very bilious. Treatment.— The difficulty arises from the acidity of the bile; then take saleratus, peppermint leaf, and rhubarb root, pulveriaed, oi 156 JDr. Chase' s Recipes. each a rounding tea-spoon, put into a cup which you can cover and pour upon them hoiling water, 1^ pt. ; when nearly cold add a table- spoon of alcohol, or twice as much brandy or other spirits. DoSE. — Two to 3 table-spoons every 20 to 30 minutes, as often and as long as the vomiting and painful purgations continue. It there should be long continued pain about the naval, use the " Injection,'' as mentioned under timt head, in connection with the above treatment, and you will h;ivo nothing to fear. If the first dose or two should be vomited, repeat it immediately, until retained. The above preparation ought to be made by every family, and kept on hand, by bottling; for diseases of this character are as liable to come on in the night as at any other time; then much time must be lost in making fires, or getting the articles together with which to make it. 2. Common Cholic. — There is a kind of cholic which some per- sons are alflicted with, from their youth up, not attended with vomiting or purging. I was afflicted with it, ftom my earliest recollection unti' I was over twenty years of age, sometimes two or three times yearly In one of these fits, about that age, a neighbor woman came in. r.nd as soon as she found out what was the matter with me, she weu» out and pulled up a buuch of blue vervain, knocked the dirt from th*- roots, tlien cut them off" and put a good handful of them into a basin and poui'ed boiling water upon them, and steeped for a short time poured out a saucer of the tea and gave me to drink, asking no ques- tions, but simply saying, "If you will drink this tea every day for a montii, you will never have cholic again as long as yov live." I dranb it, and in fifteen minutes I was perfectly happy; the transition fronti extreme pain to immediate and perfect relief is too great to allow on* to find words adequate to describe the diff'erence. I continued its use as directed, and have not had a cholic paiii since, nearly thirty years. I have told it to others with the same resuh It also forms a good tonic in agues, and after fevers, etc. CARMINATIVES. — For the more common pains of the stomach arising from accumulating gas, in adults or children, the following preparation will be found very valuable, and much better than resort- ing to any of the opium mixtures for a constant practice, as many unwisely or wickedly do. See the remarks after "Godfrey's Cordial," and through this subject. Compound spirits of lavender, spirits of camphor, a-id tincture of ginger, of each 1 oz. ; sulphuric ether and tincture of cayenne, of each }^ oz. Mix and keep tightly corked. Dose.— For an adult, 1 tea- s|ioon every 15 miuutes, until relieved; for a child of 3 years, 5 dropsy and more or less, according to a"e and tlie severity of the pain. 2. Carminative for Cliiluren.— Angelica and white roots, of each4ozs. ; valerian and sculcap roots, with poppy heads, of each 2 ozs. ; sweet flag-root, % oz. ; anise, dill, and fennel seed, with catmint leaves and flowers, motherwort and mace, of each 1 oz.; castor and camphor gum, 3 scruples; benzoic acid. Medical Department. 157 (called flower of benzoin,) M oz. ; aJcohol and water, of each 1 qt. ; or rum, or brandy, 2 qts. ; loaf or crashed sugar, 1 lb. Pulverize all of the herbs and roots, moderately fine, and place in a suitable sized bot- tle, adding the spirits, or alcohol and water, and keep warm for a week, shaking once or twice every day; then filter or strain, and add tiie camphor or benzoin, shaking well; now dissolve the sugar in another quart of water, by heat, and add to the spirit tinctui-e, and all is complete. Dosb.— For a very young child, from 3 to 5 drojis; if 1 year old, about 10 drops, and fiom that up to 1 tea-spoon if 2 to 5 years old, etc. For adults, from 1 to 4 tea-spoons, according to the severity of tlie pain — to be taken in a cup of catmint or catnip tea for adults, and in a spoon of the ^anie for children. It may be repeated every 2 to 6 hours, as needed. Uses. — It eases pain, creates a moderate appetite and perspiration, and produces refreshing sieep; is also excellent for removing flatu- lency or wind colic, and valuaole in h3-steria and other nervous affec- tions, female debility, etc., in place of the opium anodynes. SEIDLITZ POWDERS.— Genuine.— Eochelle salts, 2 drs.; bicar- bonate of soda, 2 sciuples; put these into a blue paper, and put ta aric acid, 35 grs. ; into a white pajjer. To use, put each into different timi- blers; fill 3^ with water, and put a little loaf sugar in with the acid, then pour together and drink. This makes a very pleasant cathartic, iind ought to be used more generally than it is, in place of more severe medicines. Families can buy 3 ozs. of the Rochelle salt.*, and 1 oz. of the bicarbonate of soda, and mix evenly together, using about 2 tea-spoons for 1 glass, and have the tartaric acid by itself, and use a little over }/^ a tea-spoon of it for the other glass, with a table-spoon of sugar, all well dissolved then pour together and drink while effervescing; and they will find this to do just as well as to have them weighed out and put up in papers, which cost three times as much, and do no better. Try it, as 4 child will take it with pleasure, as a nice beverage and ask for more. A lady once lost her life, thinking to have a little sport, by drink- ing one glass of this preparation, following it directly with the other. The large amount of gas disengaged, ruptured the stomach immedi- ately. DIPHTHERIA.— I>r Plunney>s Remedy, of Boston.— Dr. Phin- ney, of Boston, funiislu'S tlie Joiniuil of that citj' with a recipe for diphtheria, which has rec;elf and agents have freely used it, and recommend it for similar coi'ditions witn equal success. The cases aio too numerous to mention more. I mention these to give confidence to i)urcluisers, that all, wlio need it, will not fail to give it a trial. It is good for any local pain, wherever it can be applied. Pain will not long exist under its use. i6o Dr, Chase's Recipei. 2. Homeopathic Tooth CordFal.— Alcohol, i^ pt.; tincture ^t arnica and chloroform, of each 1 oz. ; oil of cloves, 3^ oz. Mix find apply as the other. There are many persons who would prefer this last to the fore- going, from the presence of arnica ; and it is especially valuable as a liniment for bruises involvins^ effusion of blood under the skin. 3. Neuralgia. — Internal Remedy. — Sal-ammoniac, % dr.; dis' solve in water, 1 oz. Dose. — One table-spoon every three minutes, for 20 minutes, at the end of which time, if not before, the pain will have disappeared. The foregoing is from a gentleman who had been long afflicted with the disease, who found no success with any other remedy. Instead of common water, the "Camphor Water " or "Mint Water" might by some be preferred. The ammonia is a very diflfusable stim- ulant, quickly extending to the whole system, especially extending to the surface. 4. King of Oils, for Neuralgia and Rheumatism. — Burning fluid, 1 pt. ; oils of cedar, hemlock, sassafras, and origanum, of eaclC 2 ozs. ; carbonate of ammonia, pulverized, 1 oz. ; mix. Directions.— Apply freely to the nerve and gums, around the tooth; and to the face in neuralgic pains, by wetting brown paper and laying on the partsi not too long, for fear of blistering, — to the nerves of teeth by lint. A blacksmith, of Sturgis, Mich., cured himself and others, witb this, of neuralgia, after physicians could give no relief. 5. Several years ago, I was stopping for a number of weeks at a hotel near Detroit ; whilst there, tootliache was once made the subject of conversation, at which time the landlady, a Mrs. Wood, said she had been driven by it, to an extreme measure — no less than boilinp wormwood herbs in alcohol and taking a table-spoon of it into thi; mouth, boiling hot, immediately closing the mouth, turning the heac in such a way as to bring the alcohol in contact with all the teetli, then spitting it out and taking the second immediately, in the same way, having the boiling kept up by setting the tin contaitiing it upon a shovel of hot coals, bringing it near the mouth. She said she nevei had toothache after it, nor did it injure the mouth in the least, buc. for the moment, she thought her head had collapsed, or the heaven? and earth come together. And although the lady's appearance an^ deportnjent was such as to gain general esteem, I dared not try it or recommend it to others. But during the last season 1 found a gentle man who had tried the same thing, in the same way, except he took four spoons in his mouth at a time, and did not observe to keep his mouth closed to prevent the contact of the air with the alcohol, the result of which was a scalded mouth, yet a perfect cure of the pain and no recurrence of it for twelve years up to the time of conversation. And I do not now give the plan expecting it to become a general favorite, but more to show the severity of the pain, forcing patients \a Medical Department. i6i «acb extreme remedies. It would not be applicable only in cases where the pain was confined entirely to the teeth. 6. Horse-Radish Root, bruised and bound upon the face, or other parts where the pain is located, has been found very valuable for their relief. And I think it better than the leaf for drafts to the feet, or other parts. 7. TEETH.— Extracting with little or no Pain,— Dr. Dunlap, a| dentist of ChiUicothe, O., while filling a tooth for me, called my attention to the following recipe, given by a dental publication, to prevent pain in extracting teeth. He had used it. It will be found valuable for all who must have teeth extracted, for the feeling is sufficiently unpleasant even when all is done that can be for its relief. Tincture of aconite, chloroform, and alcohol, of each, 1 oz. ; morphine, 6 grs. Mix. Manner of Application.— Moisten two pledgets of cotton with the liquid and apply to the gums on each side of the tooth to be 'extracted, holding them to their place with pliers or some other convenient instrument for 5 to 15 minutes, rubbing the g-ums freely inside and out. My wife has had six teeth taken at a sitting, but the last two she wished to have out, she could not make up her mind to the work until I promised her it should not hurt in the extraction, which I accom- plished by accompanying her to Dr. Porter's dental office, of this city und administering chloroform in the usual way, just to the point o^ nervous stimulation, or until its effects were felt over the whole system, tit which time the teeth were taken, not causing pain, she says, equal to toothache for one minute. Not the slightest inconvenience was ex- perienced from the effects of the chloroform. I consider this plan, and 80 does Dr. Porter, far preferable to administering it until entire (Stupefaction, by wliich many valuable lives have been lost. 8. Dentriflce which Removes Tartareous Adhesions, Arrests Decay, and Induces a Healthv Action of the Gums.— Dissolve 1 oz. of borax in IJ^ pints of boiling water, and when a little cool, add 1 tea- spoon of the tincture of myrrh and 1 table-spoon of the spirits of camphor, and bottle for use. Directions. — At bedtime, wash out the mouth with water; using a badger's hairbrush (bristle brushes tear the gums and should never be used) ; then take a table-spoon of the dentriflce with as mucli warm water, and rub the teeth and gums well, each night until the end is attained. 9. Tooth-Wash— To Remove Blackness.- Pure muriatic acid, 1 oz ; water, 1 oz.; honey, 2 ozs. ; mix. Take a tooth-brush and wet it freely with this preparation, and briskly rub the black teeth, and in a moment's time they will be perfectly white; then immediately wash out the mouth with water, that the acid may not act upon the enamd of the teeth. It need not be used often, say once in three or four months, as the teeth become black again, washing out quickly every time. Without Ihe washing softer its use it would injure the teeth, with it, it never 1 62 Dr. Chase's Recipes. will. This blackness is hard to remove, even with the Wmaii and tooth-powder. 10. Dr. Thompson, of Evansville, Ind., gives the above in twenty-drop doses, three times daily, for laryngitis or bronchitis, taken in a little water, throwing it back past the teeth. 11. Tooth-Powder— Excellent.— 'I'ake any quantity of finely pulverized clialk, and twice as much finely pulverized charcoal; make very tine; then add a very little suds made with castile soap, and sufficient spirits of camphor to wet all to a tliick paste. Apply with the finger, rubbing thoroughly, and it will whiten the teeth better than any tooth-powder you can buy. I noticed the past season, a piece going the rounds of the papers, " That charcoal ought not to be used on the teeth." I will only add that a daughter of mine has used this powder over six years, and her teeth are very white, and no damage to the enamel, as yet. Six years would show up the evil, if death was in the pot. Coal from basswood or other soft wood is easiest pulverized. ESSENCES.— Druggists' rules for making essences is to use one ounce of oil to one quart of alcohol, but many of them do not use more than half of that amount, whilst most of the peddlers do not have them made of more than one-fourth that strength. I would hardly set them away if presented. I have always made tbem as follows: Peppermint oil, 1 oz. ; best alcohol, 1 pt. And t]ie same amount of any other oil for any other essence whicli you desire to make. Dose — A dose of this strength of essence will be only from 10 to iiC drops. With most essences a man can drink a whole bottle without danger, or benefit. Peppermint is colored with tincture of tumeric, cinnamon with tincture of red sandal or Sanders wood, and wintergreen with tincture of kino. There is no color, however, for essences, so natural as to put the green leaf of which the oil is made into tlie jar of essence, and let it remain over night, or about twelve hours; then pour o;T, or filter it for sale. But if families are making for their own use they need not bother to color them at all. But many believe if they are high colored they are necessarily strong, but it has no eft'ect upon the strength whatever, unless colored with the leaf or bark, as here recommended. Cinnamon bark does in the place of the leaf. See " Extracts." , TINCTURES. — In making any of the tinctures in common use, or In making any of the medicines called for in this work, or in works generally, it is not only expected, but absolutely necessary, that tiie roots, leaves, barks, etc., should be dry, unless otherwise directed; then : Take tlie root, herb, bark, leaf, or gum called for. 2 ozs. ; .fud bruise it, tlien pour boiling waicr % pt., upon it, and when col'' "dd kest alcohol, % pt., keeping warm for from 4 to 6 days, or lettii • It Medical Department. 163 (Stand 10 or 12 days without warmth, shaking once or twice daily; then filter or strain ; or it may stand upon the dregs and be carefully poured off as needed. Willi any person of common judgment, tlie foregoing directions are just as good as to take up forty times as much space by saying — cake lobelia, hei'b and seed, 2 ozs. ; alcohol, 3^ pt. ; boiling water, \^ pt., — then do tlie same thing, over and over again, with every tincture) which may be called for ; or at least those who cannot go ahead with the foregoing instructions, are not fit to handle medicines at all; so I leave the subject with those for whom the given information is sufficient. In making compound tinctures, you can combine the simple tinctures, or make them by putting the different articles into a bottle together, then use tlie alcohol and water it would require if you was naking each tincture separately. TETTER, RINGWORM, AND BARBER'S ITCH.— To Cure.— fake the best Cuba cigars, smoke one a sufficient length of time to iccumulate one-fourth or one-halt inch of ashes upon the end of the eigar; now wet the whole surface of the sore with the stdiva from the .nouth, then rub the ashei^ from the end of the cigar thoroughly into and all over the sore; do this three times a day, and inside of a week ill will be smooth and well. I speak from extensive experience ; half of one cigar cured myself when a barber would not undertake to shave me. It is equally success- ml in tetters on other parts of tlie body, hands, etc. Tobacco is very valuable in its place (medicine) — like spirits, Qowever, it makes slaces of its devotees, 2. Narrow-Leaved (yellow) dock root, sliced and soaked in good einegar, used as a wash, is highly recommended as a cure for tetter, or ringworm. BALSAMS— Dr. R. W. Hntchins' Indian Healing, formerly, Peckhani's Cough Balsam, — Clear, pale resin, 3 lbs., and melt it, add- ing spirits of turpentine, 1 qt. ; balsam of tola, 1 oz. ; balsam of fir, 4 ozs.; oil of hemlock, origanum, with Venice turpentine, of each, 1 oz. ; strained honey, 4 ozs.; mix well and bottle. Dose.— Six to 12 drops ; for a cliild of six, 3 to 5 drops, on a little sugar. The dose can be varied aoording to the ability of the stomach to bear it, and the necessity of the case. It is a valuable preparation for coughs, internal pains, or strains, and works benignly upon the kidneys. 2. Dr. Mitchel's Balsam, for Cuts, Bruises, etc.— Fenugreek seed, and gum myrrh, of eacii, 1 oz,; sassafras root bark, a good hand- ful, alcoliol, 1 qt. Put all into a bottle and keep warm for live days, Dr, Mitchell, of Pa,, during his life, made great use of this balsam, for cuts, bruises, abrasions, etc., and it will be found valuable for such purposes. ARTIFICIAL SKIN— For Burns, Bruises, Abrasions, etc., Proof Asrainst Water.— Take gun cotton and Venice turpentine, er^ual parts of eacli, and di.ssolve them in 20 times as much sulphuric 1^4 Dr. Chase's Recipes. ether, dissolving the cotton first, then adding the turpentine-, keep !•. corked tightly. The object of the turpentine is to prevent pressure or piiichiiiy caused by evaporation of the ether when applied to a bruised surfac.r. Water does not affect it, hence its value for cracked nipples, chappeii hands, surface bruises, etc., etc. DISCUTIENTS— To Scatter Swellings.— Tobacco and cicuta (water hemlock) leaves, of each, 2 ozs. ; stramonium, (jimpsom) mikI solanum nigrum (garden night shade, sometimes erroneously called deadly night shade,) the leaves, and yellow dock root, of each, 4 ozs. ; bitter-sweet, bark of the root, 3 ozs. Extract the strength by boilinj^ with water, pressing out, and re-boiling, straining and carefully boiling down to the consistence of an ointment, then add lard, IJj ozs. and simmer together. It will be used for stiff joints, sprains, bruises attended with swelling when the skin is unbroken, for cancerous lumps, scrofulous swellings, white swellings, rheumatic swellings, etc. It is one of tht best discutients, or scatterers in use, keeping cancers back, often for months. SMALL-POX— To Prevent Pitting the Face.— A great discovery' is reported to have recently been made by a Surgeon of the English army in China, to prevent pitting or marking the face. The mode ©J treatment is as follows: When, in small-pox, the preceding fev^er is ftt its height, and jusl before the eruption appears, the chest is thoroughly rubbed wita Croton Oil and Tartar emetic Ointment. This causes the whole of tht- eruption to appear on that part of the boiiy to the relief of the rest It also secures a full and complete eruption, and thus prevents the disease from attacking the internal organs. This is s&id to be now tht established mode of treatment in the English army in China, by gteu. eral orders, and is, regarded as perfectly effectual. It is a well known fact, that disease is most likely to make \U attack upon the weakest parts, and especially upon places in tL(j system which have been recently weakened by previous disease ; hence, if an eruption (disease) is caused by the application of croton oil mixed with a little of the Tartar emetic Ointment, there is eveiy reason to believe that the eruption, in Small- Pox, will locate upon that part mstead of the face. The application should be made upon the breast, fore part of the thighs, etc., not to interfere with the posture «pon tlw bed. It lias been suggested that a similar application will relieve whoop- ing cough, by drawing the irritation from the lungs; if so, why will ..i not help to keep measles to the surface, especially when they have .. tendenc}" to the internal organs, called striking in. It is worth a tris.^' in any of t ese cases. See "Causes of Inflammation," under the neM.> of "Inflammation." Medical Department. 165 1l„ Common Swellings, to Reduce. — Tory-weed pounded so as to mash it thorouglily and bound upon any common swelling, will very MOon reduce the parts to their natural size. This weed may be known from its annoyance to sheep raisers, as '.t furnishes a small burr having a dent on one side of it, but the burr «f the other Itind has no dent — is round. It will be found very valuable 111 rheumatisms attended with swellings. WENS— To Cure. — Dissolve copperas in water to make it stroiigil now take a pin, needle, or sharp knife, and prick or cut the wen in about a dozen places, just sufficient to cause it to bleed; then wet it thoroughly with the copperas water, once daily. This, followed, for four weeks, cured a man residing within four miles of this city, who had six or eight of them, some of them on the head as large as a hen's ^g'g. The preparation is also valuable, as a .vash, in erysipelas. BLEEDINGS— Internal and External— Styptic Balsam.— For in. f,ernal hemorrhage, or bleeding from the lungs, stomach, nose, and in excessive menstruation or bleeding from the womb, is made as follows: Put sulphuric acid, 2 % drs., by weight, in a Wedgevvood mortar, •ind slowly add oil of turpentine 1 fluid dr., stirring it constantly with the pestle; then add slowly again, alcohol 1 fluid dr., and continue to 3tir it as long as any fumes arise from the mixture, then bottle in glass, ground stoppered, bottles. It should be a clear red color, like dark blood, but if made of poor materials it will be a pale, dirty red, and anfit for use. Dose. — To be given by putting 40 drops into a tea-cup tnd rubbing it thoroughly with a tea-spoon of brown sugar, and then stir in water until the cup is neiirly full, and drink immediately — repeat every liour for 3 or 4 hours, but its use should be discontinued as soon as no more fresli blood appears. Age does not injure it, but a skim forms on top which is to be broken through, using the medicine below it. This preparation was used for thirty years, with uniform success by Dr. James "Warren, before lie gave it to the public; since then, Dr. King, of Cincinnati, author of tiie Eclectic Dispensatory, has spread it, through that work, and many lives have been saved by it. It acts by lessening the force of the circulation (sedative powder), as also by its astringent effects in contact with the bleeding vessels. And the probability is tliat no known remedy can be as safely depended upon for more speedy relief, or certainty of cure, especially for the lungs, fttomach, or nose; but for bleeding from the womb, or excessive men- struation, I feel to give preference to Prof. Pratt's treatment as shown in the recipe for "Uterine Hemorrhages." No relaxation from business need be required, unless the loss of blood makes it necessary, nor other treatment, except if blood has been swallowed, or if the Weedintf is from the stomach, it would be well to give a mild cathartic. Bleeding from the stomach will be distinguished from bleeding from the lungs by a sense of weiglit, or pain, and unaccompanied by cough, and discharged by vomiting, and in larger quantities at a time than 1 66 Dr. Chase's Recipes^- from tlie lungs. The blood will be darker aW »nd often mixed witb particles of food. Exercise in the open air is preferable to inactivity; and if any symptoms of returning hemorrhage show themselves, begin with the remedy without loss of time, and a reasonable liope of cure may be expected. 2. External Styptic Remedies.— Take a glazed earthen vessel that will stand heat and put into it water, V-/2 pts.; tincture of benzoin 3ozs.; alum, 3^ lb., and boil for 6 hours, replacing the water which evaporates in boiling, by pouring in boiling water so as not to stop the boiling process, constnntly stirring. At the end of the 6 hours it is to be filtered or carefully ^trained and bottled, also in glass stoppered bottles. Application. — Wet lint and laj^ upon the wound, binding with bandages to prevent the thickened blood, (coagula) from being removed from the mouths of the vessels, keeping them in place for ^ to 48 hours will be sufficient. If any doubt is felt about this remedy, pour a few drops of it into a vessel containing human blood — the larger the quantity oiVa^styptit the thicker will be the blood mass, until it becomes black and tnick, Pagliari was the first to introduce this preparation to public notice.— Eclectic Dispensatory. 3. Styptic Tincture — External Application.— Best brandy, i ozs. ; finely scraped en stile soap, 2 drs ; potash, 1 dr.; mix all, and shake well when applied. Apply warm by putting lint upon the cut. wet with the mixture. I have never had occasion to try either of the preparations, but i) I do, it will be the " Balsam," or "External Styptic" first, and if they should fail I would try the "Tincture," fori feel that it must stop blood, but I am also certain that it would make a sore, aside from th( cut; yet, better have a sore than lose life, of course. These remedies, are such, that a phj'^slcian might pass a lifetime without occasion to use, but none the less important to know. BRONCHOCELE— Enlarged Neck— To Cure.— Iodide of potassium (often called hydriodate of potash) 2drs. ; iodine, 1 dr.; water 2)^ ozs., mix and shake a few minutes and pour a little into a vial for internal use. Dose. — Five to 10 drops before each moi^l, to be taken in a little water. External Application. — With a feather wet the enlarged neck, from the other bottle, night and morning, until well. It will cause the scarf skin to peel oflf several times before the cur.* is perfect, leaving it tender, but do not omit the application more than one day at most, and you may rest assured of a cure, if a cure can be performed by any means whatever; many cures have been perfoi-raet: by it, and thei'e is no medicine yet discovered which has proved one- hundreth part as successful. 2. But if you are willing to be longer in performing the cure, to avoid the soreness, dissolve the same articles in alcohol, 1 pt. ; and use the same way, as above described, i. e., both internal and external. PAIN-KILLER— Said to be Peivy Davis^s.— Alcohol, Iqt., Medical Department. 167 ^um pfu liac, 1 oz. ; gums inyrrh and camphor, and cayenne pulverized, of each, y^ oz. Mix. Shake occasionally for a week or ten days and filter o' let settle for use. Apply freely to surface pains, or it may be taken in tea-spoon doses for internal pains, and repeat according to necessities. If any one can tell it from its namesake, by its looks or actions, we will then acknowledge that the old minister, fi-om whom it was obtained, was greatly deceived, although he was perfectly familiar for a long time with Mr. Davis, and his mode of preparing the pain-killer. POISONS — Antidote. — Wlien it becomes known that a poison has been swallowe'l, stir salt and ground mustard, of each a heaping tea- spoon, into a glass of watei-, and have it drank immediately. It is the quickest emetic known. It should vomit in one minute. Then give the whites of two or tliree eggs in a cup or two of the strongest coffee. If no coffee, swallow the egg in sweet-cream, and if no cream sweet-milk, if neither, down witli the egg. I have used the mustard with success, in the case of my own child, which liad swallowed a "Quarter,'' beyond the reach of the finger, but remaining in the throat, which, to all appearances, would have soon suffocated him. I first took " granny's plan" of turning the head down and patting on the back; failing in this, I mixed a heaping tea-spoon of mustard in sufficient water to admit its being swallowed readily; and in a minute we had the quarter, dinner, and all ; without it, we should have had no child. I knew the mustard to work well once upon about twenty men in ;i l)():it-yard, on tlie Belle River, Newport, Mich. I had been furnish- ing tliem with " Switcliel"' at twenty cents per bucket, made by putting dbout a pound of sugar, a quart of vinegar, and two or three table- jpoons of ginger to the bucket of water, with a lump of ice. An old /nan, also in the grocery business, offered to give it to them at eighteen pen«^e per bucket, but, by some mistake, he put in mustard instead of ginger. They had a general vomit, which made them think that cliolera had come with the horrors of " Thirty-Two,"' but as the down- wai'd effects were not experienced, it passed off. with great amusement, siit'oJy estabM.shing my custcnn at the twenty cents per bucket. INFLAMMATORY DISEASES.— Description.— Before I attempt '.<> speak of tlie inflammation of particular organs, I shall make a few icmarks upon the subject in general, which will throw out the necessary 'ixhf for those not already informed; and I should be glad to extend my treatment to all of the particular organs of the body, but the limits ot tlie work only .dlows nie to speak of Pleurisy, Inflammation of the Lun;!:s, etc. ; yet. Eclectic ideas of inflammation are such, that if we can successfully, treat inflammation in one part of the system, (body,) we o^n, with but little modification, succeed with it in all its forms: And 'uj' general remarks shall be of such a nature as to enable any i6S Dr. Chase's Recipes. judicious person to successfully combat with inflammations in every part of the system. Then : First. — Inflammation is, generally, attended with pain, increased heat, redness, and swelling. Some, or all of these signs always accom- panying it, according to the structure of the organ affected. Second. — The more loose the structure of the organ, the less severe will be the pain; and the cfiaracter of the structure also modifies the character of the pain. In mucous membranes, it is burning or stinging. In serous membranes it is lancinating, and most usuallj' very sharp and cutting. In fibrous structures, it is dull, aching, and gnawing. In nervous structures, it is quick, jumping, and most usually excruciatingly severe ; and in nearly all structures more or less sore- ness is soon present. Third. — To make the foregoing information of value, it becomes necessary to know the structure of the various parts of the system. Although the ultimate portions of muscle or flesh, as usually called, is fibrous, yet, there is a loose cellular structure blended with it, which fills up and rounds the form to its graceful be auty — hence, here, we have more swelling, and less severity of pain. With the rose, or red of the lips, commences the mucous membrane, which forms the lining coat of the mouth, stomach, etc., through the whole alimentary canal, also lining the urethra, bladder, ureters, vagina, womb, fallopian tubes, etc,, hence the heat ahvays felt in inflammation of these organs*. The whole internal surface of the cavity of the body is lined by a serous membrane, which is also reflected or folded upon the lungs- here called pleura, (the side,) hence pleurisy, (inflammation of Iho pleura or side,) and also folded upon the upper side of the diaphragm; the diaphragm forming a partition between the upper and lower poi- tions of the cavity of the body, the upper portion containing tne lungs, heart, large blood vessels, etc., called the chest, more commonly tlie breast — the lower portion containing the stomach, liver, kidneys, in- testines, bladder, etc., called the abdomen — more commonly the boweis. The sides of the abdomen are covered with a continuation of XXn?, serous membrane, which is also reflected upon the lower side of the dia- phragm, liver, stomach, small and large intestines, bladder, etc., — here called peritoneum, (to extend around) in all places it secretes (furnishes) a moistening fluid enabling one organ of the body to move upon itself or other organs without friction. This serous membrane is thin, but very firm, hence the sharpness of the pain when it is in- flamed, as it cannot yield to the pressure of the accumulating blood. Fourth. — The ligaments or bands which bind the dilferent parts of the body together at the joints, and the gracefully contracted ends of the muscles (called tendons) which pass the joint, attaching them- selves to the next bone above, or below, and the wristlet-like bands which are clasped around the joints through which these tendons Medical Department. 169 piay, as over a puUy, when the joint is bent, are all of a fibrous con- struction, hence the grinding or gnawing pains of rheumatism (in- flammations), and injuries of, or near joints; and it also accounts for that kind of pain in ttie latter stages of intestinal inflammations, as the stomach, intestines, etc., are composed of three coats, the external, serous, — middle fibrous, internal, mucuous; and when inflammation of tiie external, or internal coats are /ong continued, it generally in^ voWes the middle— fibrous layer. Fifth. — Tiie greatest portion of the substance of the lungs is of fibrous tissue, consequently, dull or obtuse pain only, is experienced vhen inflamed. Lastly. — The nervous system, although of a, fibrous character is 80 indescribably fine in its structure, that, lilvc the telegraph wire, as ioon iis touched, it answers with a bound, to the call — quick as ihouglit, wlietlier pain or pleasure, jumping, bounding, it goes to the ifrand citadel (tne brain) which overlooks the welfare of the whole •^mple. In general, the intensity of the pain attending inflammations will 'urely indicate the violence of the febrile (sympathetic) reaction; for Instance, in inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the pain is not very nevere, consequently not much fever, (reaction); but in inflammation ;)f the pleura (pleurisy) the pain is very severe, consequently the febrile 'eaction exceedingly great. Causes of Inflammation.— In health, the blood is carried evenly, 'n proportion 10 the size of the blood vessels, to every part of the body. A.nd the vessels (arteries and veins) are proportioned in size to the oecessity of the system for vitality, nutrition, and reparation. What- aver it may be that causes the blood to recede from the surface, or any considerable portion of it, will cause inflammation of the weakest por- tion of the system; and whatever will draw the blood unduly to any part of the system, will cause inflammation of that part, — for instance, cold drives the blood from tlie surface, consequently, if sufficiently long continued, the internal organ least able to bear the accumulation of blood upon it will be excited to inflammation — a blow upon any part, if sufficiently severe, will cause inflammation of the injured part. Also mustard poultices, drafts to the feet, etc., hence the propriety of their proper use to draw the blood away from internal organs which are inflamed. A check of perspiration is, especially, liable to excite in- flammation, and that in proportion to the degree of heat producing the perspiration and the length of time which the person may be exposed to the cold. The object of knowing the cause of disease is to avoid suffering from disease, by keeping clear of its cause; or thereby to know what remedy to apply for its cure or relief. There is a class of persons who claim that causes will have their legitimate effects, physical or moral ; physicians know that it is absurd I^o Dr. Chase's Recipes. physically; that is, when philosophically and scientifically comhated with, — for instance, a person is exposed to cold; the blood is driven in upon the internal organs, and the one which is the least able to bear the pressure gives way before the invading enemy, and an inflamma- tion is the result; which, if left to itself, will terminate in death; but heat and moisture are applied to the constringed surface — the blood is brought baclv and held there, and a cure is speedily effected — the na- tural or physical effect of the cause is obviated or avoided. Then why should it be thought impossible with God that a moral remedy should be provided against moral evils? Thanks be to God, it has been provided to the willing and obedient., through our Lord Jesus Christ, but only to the willing and obedient, morally as well as physi- cally, for if a person will not permit a proper course to be pursued to overcome the consequences arising to his bodj'^ from cold, he must suffer, not only the iiitl.immation to go on, but also guilt of mind for neglect ing his known duty. The same is true in eitlier point of view, only I. looks so curious that there should be those who can reason of physico. things, but utterly refuse to give up their moral blindness ; the con sequences be upon their own heads. Just in proportion to the susceptibility of an organ to take o». diseased action, is the danger of exposure ; for example, if a person has had a previous attack of pleurisy, or inflammation of the lungs those organs, or the one which has been diseased, will be almost certain to be again prostrated, usually called relapse ; which is in most cases ten times more severe than the first attack ; then be very careful abom exposures when just getting better from these, or other diseases. Inflammation terminates by resolution, effusion, suppuration or moi tification. By resolution, is meant that the parts return to their natura condition ; by effusion, that blood may be thrown out from the sof parts, or from mucous membranes, — that lymph or serum, a colorless par\ of the blood may be thrown out by serous membranes, which ofteij form adhesions, preventing the after motions of the affected parts — and here what wisdom is brought to light, in the fact that whatever ia thrown out from the mucous surface never, or at least very seldom adhere, or grow up; if it did, any part of the alimentary canal from the mouth to the st mach, and so on through the intestines, would be constantly adhering; so, also of the lungs; for these various organs are more frequently affected by inflammations than any other parts of the body — by suppuration, wlien abs<:es.ses are formed containing pus (matter,) or this may take place upon the surface, when it is usually called canker, or corroding ulcers, cancers, etc. ; by (gangrene, (mortifi- cation,) when death of tiie parts take place ; in this case, if the part is sutticiently extensive, or if it is an internal part, death of the whole body, if not relieved, is the result. The methods of inflammatory termination is believed to resuTt Medical iDeparimeni. t^i from tlie gt-;ule of inflammation — for instance, at tlie circumference of a boil, tlm intlaraination is weak, serum is thrown out; near the centre, vvlu're tlie iutLimmation is a little hl^^hc", lymph is poured out and adhesion takes place ; next p(/« — at the contre, mortification and con- sequent slouohing takes place. In boils, the tendency is to suppuration , m airlnmcles, thetendenc}' is to niorti li cation ; but in rheumatism, mumps, etc-, there is a strong tendency to resolution ; and It is often very difficult to avoid these natural terminations. The rive different tissues of the body also modify the inflammation according to the tissue inflamed, viz: the cellular (fleshy) tissue, is characterized by great swelling, tlirobbing pain, and by its suppura- ting in cavities — not spreading all over that tissue. Inflammation of the .?e7"o its tissue, has sharp, lancinating paia, sc.ircelj'' any swelling, but much reaction (fever,) throws out lymph, and is very liable to form jidhesion — not likely to terminate in mortification, except in peritonitis ^inflammation of the lining inembrane of the abdominal cavity,) which jsoraetimes terminates thus in a few hours, showing the necessity of Immediate action. Inflammation of the mucous tissue, is characterized by burning lieat, or stinging pain, (hence the hfsat of the stomach, bowels, etc.,) — without swelling, not much febrile reaction, and never terminates in resolution (health) without a copious discharge of mucous AS from the nose and lungs, in colds, catarrlis, coughs, etc. Inflamma- tion of the dermoid (skin) tissue, as in erysipelas, is characterized by burning pain — spreads irregularly over the surface, forming blisters containing a yellow serum, but never forms adhesions, nor suppurates m cavities, but upon t'ne surface. Inflammation of the fibrous tissue, or rlieumatic inflammation, is characterized by severe aching or gnaw- ing pain — is not liable to terminate in suppuration nor mortification — nearly always throwing out a gelatinous serum, often causing stifi"- joints, or depositing earthy matter, as in gout — is peculiarly liable to change its place, being very dangerous if it changes many of the vital organs, as the brain, heart, stomach, etc., and in the acute form the febrile reaction is usually Quite severe. Internal inflammation will, be known by the constant pain of the inflamed part, by the presence of fever, wliich does not generally attend a Spasmodic or nervous pain, and by the position chosen by the patient, to avoid pressure t:ipon the, afflicted organs. ' Inflammation is known under two heads, acute and chronic. The first is generally rapid and violent in its course and characteristics. The List is usually the result of the first, — is more slow and less dan- gerous in its conseauences. Theatment.— Sound philosophy (Eclecticism) teaches, that if cold has driven the blood (consequently the heat) from the surface, heac will draw it back; and thus relieve the internal engorgements 12 172 Dr. Chase's Recipes. (over-full organs) and if held there, sufficiently long, entirely cure tue difficulty (inflammation), upon the same ground, if a person is cold, warm him; if wet and cold, warm and dry him; if hot, cool him; if dry and hot wet and cool him — equalize the circulation and pain or disease cannot exist. The foregoing remarks must suffice for general directions; but the following special application to 'pleurisy and inflammation of the lungs shall be sufficiently explicit to enable all to make their general appli- cations : 2. Pleurisy. — Pleurisy is an inflammation of the serous mem- brane enveloping (covering) the lungs, which is also reflected (folded) upon the parieties (sides or walls) of the chest, (but I trust all will make themselves familiar with the description of "Inflammation in General," before they proceed with the study of pleurisy,) attended with sharp lancinating pain in the side, difficult breathing, fever, with a quick, full, and hard pulse, usually commencing with a chill. In m my cases the inflammation, consequently the pain, is confined^to one point, most commonly about the short ribs; but often gradually extends towards the shoulder and forward part of the breast; the pain. Increasing and often becoming very violent. It may not, but usually is attended with cough, and the expectoration is seldom mixed with blood, or very free, but rather of a glairy or mucous character. As the disease advances, the pain is compared to a stab with a sharp in- strument, full breathing not being indulged, from its increasing the difficulty; the cough also aggravates the pain; great prostration of strength, the countenance expressing anxiety and suflering. The breathing is short, hurried, and catching, to avoid increase of pain; in some cases the cough is only slight. It may be complicated with inflammation of the lungs, or bronchial tubes, and if so complicated, the expectoration will be mixed or streaked with blood. Yet it makes but very little diff"erence, as the treatment is nearly the same— with the exception of expectorants, quite the same ; although expectorants are not amiss in pleurisy, but absolutely necessary in inflammation of the lungs. Even Mackintosh, of the '' Regulars,'' says: *' It must be recollected that pneumonia," (inflammation of the lungs,> "and pleuritis," (pleurisy,) ''frequentlj'^ co-exist," (exist together); "but neither is that circumstance of much consequence, being both in- flammatory diseases, and requiring the same general remedies." But there I stop with him, for I cannot go the bleeding, calomel, and an- timony. I have quoted his words to satisfy the people that the " Reg- ulars " acknowledge the necessity of a similar treatment in all in- flammatory diseases, the difference between the two branches of the profession, existing onlv in the remedies used. Causes of Pleurisy.— Cold, long applied, constringes (makes smaller) the capillaries (hair-like blood vessels) whioh cover as a not- Medical Department. l^^j ,vork the whole surface, hiipairing the circulation, driving the blood internally, causing congestion (an unnatural accumulation of blood) upon the pleura, hence pleurisy. Exposures to rains, especially cold r.ilns, cold, wet feet, recession (striking in) of measles, scarlet fever, rheumatism, etc., often cause inllammation of this character. Indications. — Relax the whole surface, which removes the ob- structions—restore, and maintain, an equal circulation, and the vvorl^ fe accomplished. The temperature of the surface and extremities i^ much diminished, showing that the blood has receded (gone) to the i.'iternal diseased organs, the temperature of which is much increased; lor with the blood goes the vitality (heat) of the body. This condition of the system clearly indicates the treatment, viz. : the application of heat to the surface in such a way as to be able to keep it there until nature is again capable of carrying on her own work, in her own way. Treatment. — It has been found that the quickest and least croublesome way in which heat could be applied to the whole surface. Is by means of burning alcohol, formerly called a "Rum Sweat," be- cause rum was stronger than at present, and more plenty than alcohol; but now alcohol is the most plenty, and much the strongest and cheapest. It should always be in the house, (the 98 per cent.,) ready for use as described under the head of "Sweating with Burning Al- cohol," (which gee), or if it is day time, and fires are burning, you can give the vapor bath sweat, by placing a pan, half or two-thirds full of hot water, under tlie cliair, having a comforter around you; then put- ting into it occasionally a hot stone or brick, until a free perspiration is produced and held for from 15 to 30 minutes, according to the severity of the case; and if this is commenced as soon as the attack is fairly settled upon the patient, in not more than one case outcf ten will it be necessary to do anything more; but if fairly established, or if of a day or two's standnig, then, at the same time you are administering the iwenU place the patient's feet in water as hot as it can be borne ; have also a strong tea made of equal parts of pleurisy-root and catnip, (this root is also called white root — doctors call it asclepias tuberosa) — into a saucer of this hot tea put 2 tea-spoons of the " Sweating Di-ops," drinking all at one time, repeating the dose every hour for 5 or 6 hours, using only 1 tea-spoon of the drops at other times, excejit the first, giving the tea freely once or twice between doses. As soon as the sweating is over, place the i)atient comfortably in bed, so as to keep up tlie |)erspiration from 6 to 12 hours, or until the pain and un- easiness yield to the treatment. If necessary, after the patient takes the bed, place bottles of hot water to the teet and along the sides, or hot bricks, or stones wrapped witii flannel wet with vinegar, to help keep up the perspiration. Mustard may also be placed over the seat of pain, and upon the feet, also rubbing the arms and legs with dry rtannel, which very much aids the process when the attack is severe. If the pain continues severe, and perspiration is hard to maintain, steep cayenne, or common red peppers, in si)irits and rub the whole surface with it, well and long, and I will assure the blood to come out soon and see what is going on externally. Keep the patient well covered all the time, and avoid drafts of cold air. As the painful symptoms begin to subside, the doses of medicine maybe lessened, and the time between doses lengthened, until the disease is fairly under control ; then admfnister a d<9se of the "Vegetable Physic," or some other 174 ^^' Chase's Recipei. cathartic, if preferretl, or if that is not at hand, this course may "b» repeated or modified to meet returning or changing symptoms. Wetting the surface daily, with alcohol and water, equal parta^ will be found an excellant assistant in treating any disease, especially internal inflaniniations, as Pleurisy, Inflammation of the Lungu, Con- sumption, Bronchitis, etc., etc. The pleurisy root is almost a specific in pleurisy or inflammation of the lungs; no other known root or herb is equal to it for producing and keeping up perspiration, (druggists usually keep ir.); but if it cannot be got, pennyroyal, sage, etc., or one of the mints, must be used in its place. The only objection to the foregoing treatment is this, the doctors say : Heigh ! I guess lie wasn't very sick ; For see ! he's round in " double quick " ; But allopath holds 'em for weeks, six or se^eu When bleeding, calomel, and antimony art given. To illustrate: I awoke one night wuth severe pain in the left side, (I had been exposed to cold during the afternoon, ) could not move or draw a full breath without very much Increasing the difficulty ; the night was cold and fires all down ; I studleO my symptoms for a few minutes, and also reflected upon the length of time which must elapse, if I waited for fires to be built; then awoke my wife, saying do not be frightened, I liave an attack of Pleurisy ; you will get me a comforter, saucer, and the alcohol, and return to bed without disturbing any one ; with persuasion, or almost compulsion, she did so; for she desired to build a fire and make a more tliorough work of it ; but I had made up my mind, and resolved to carry out the experiment upon myself, and now had the only chance. I arose ai)d poured the saucer nearly full of alcohol, and set it on fire ; wrapping tlie comforter around me, I sat down upon the chair, over it, and continued to sit until the alcohol was uU burned out, and I in a most profuse perspiration* the pain and difficult breathing having nearly all subsided ; I then returned to bed- the perspiration continuing for some considerable time longer, by re- taining the comforter around me to avoid checking it as I returned to bed, during wliich time I again fell asleep. When I awoke in the morning I could just realize a little pain, or rather uneasiness, upon taking a full breath, but did nothing more, being very careful about exposure, however, through the day; but at bed time I took another alcohol sweat, and that was the last of the pleurisy. Again : Mr. , a medical student rooming in the same house where I lived, awoke in the niglit, attacked with pleurisy the same as myself, after exposure ; but as he was attending the lectures of allo- patiiic professors, of course lie must have one of them to attend him; one was called, three pints of blood were taken, colomel and antimony were freely given; and in about three or four davs the disease gave way to time, or the treatment; but a calomel-iliarrhe.-iset in, and cam* very near terminating his life, and keiit liim from college and lii# Medical Department. 175 studies over six weeks; and he said if he was ever calomelized again, he would prosecute the doer to the end of his life, but he graduated in that school of medicine, and no doubt is now expecting to go and do the same thing. Choose ye your servant. Shall he be reason, with common-sense results, or shall he be silver-slippered fashion, with his health-destroying policy ? It need not be argued that these were not jiarallel cases, for I had the pleurisy when young, and was treated in the fashionable style, and was constantly liable to, and had frequent attacks of it, during my earlier life. In chronic cases, which sometimes occur, and frequently under other treatment, it will be necessary not only to use the foregoing treat- ment, but to add to it an emetic about once a week, alternating with the sweating process, with much external friction, occasionally, with '.he pepper and spirits, to hold the blood to the surface. Since the first publication of the foregoing, I have seen a statement ofoiiig the rounds of the " paper8,"that a bad case of burning had taken olace in New Toi"k, by the alcohol process of sweating, calling itnew; •»ut it hap been in use more than forty years; I have used it, I speak •afely, more than a hundred times, and never before heard of its injur- Mg any omc ; but still it is possible that some accident may have oc- • urred in its use, or that some oue has undertaken it who was not '.•apable of prescribing ; but if calomel could claim one year's use under 'ts most accomplished prescribers with only one case of injury, I would say, let it be continued ; but in place of one, it is hundreds ; further '.oninient is unnecessary. But those who prefer, or from the absence of alcohol, or other necessities, can take " grandmother's plan," i. e., place the feet into hot water, and drink freely of pennyroyal, sage, or other hot teas for fifteen or twenty minutes; then get into bed, continuing the teas for a short time, remaining in bed for a few hours ; which, if commenced soon after the attack of colds, or even more severe diseases, will, in nine out of ten cases, not only relieve, but prevent days, perhaps weeks, of inconvenience and suffering. Where there are complications of the substance of the lungs, you will find explanations under the next head. 3. Inflammation ol the Lungs — Is usuall5% by physicians, called Pneumonia, from the Greek, Pneumon, the Lungs. It may involve the whole lung, on one or both sides, but is more generally confined to one side, and to the lower portion, than to the whole lung. Causes. — Exposure to cold, wet, cold feet, drafts of air, especially if in a perspiration, recession of eruptive diseases, etc., and conse- quently more liable to come on in the winter, or cold, wet changes of spring, than at any other time ; and upon those whose lungs are debil- itated by previous attacks, or are predisposed to, or actually suffering under disease. 176 Dr. Chase's Recipes. Symptoms. — Inflammation of the Lungs, like other diseases of a^ inflammatory character, nearly always commences with a chill, soon followed by fever, more or less violent, according to which the sever- ity of the case may be somewhat predetermined, unless of a congestive character; in which case, instead of a hot and fevered surface, there Will be a cold, clammy feel to the hand, as well as unpleasant to tlie patient. There will be difficulty in taking full breaths, as well as ao increased number of breaths to the minute, which in healthy persons i." generally about twenty. Dull pain, with a tightness ot tne chest, short and perpetual hacking cough, scanty expectoration, which is tough, and sticks to the vessel used as a spittoon, and is more or less streaked with blood, or more like iron rust in color, and may have so much blood in it as to make it a brighter red. The pulse is variable, so mucli so that but little confidence can be placed in it. The tongue soon becomes dry and dai'k ; but a dry and glossy tongue, with early delirium, are considered dangerous symptoms, that is, under " OW School treatment." But with our rational treatment we very seldoito have a fatal termination, yet it is occasional, and really wonderful th;it it is not more frequent, when we take into account the neglect of some physicians and imprudence of many patients. Indications. — As the blood has receded from the surface r.na centered upon the lungs, the indications are to return it; to its original vessels, by judiciously applying heat and moisture, whch is sure tc relax their constringed condition, instead of cutting a hole and letting it runout, (bleeding,) which prostrates the patient and retards hit recovery. Treatment.— The treatment for Inflammation of the Lungs i> recent cases, will be, at first, the same as for "Pleurisy," that is, ti produce free perspiration — soak the feet in hot water while administer ing the " Alcohol Sweat." or Vapor Bath, as there directed, with \X\k white-root tea and " Sweating Drops," for several hours, with bottles- of hot water or hot bricks to the feet and sides, mustard-drafts to tht feet also, as they can be borne ; and after 6 or 8 hours, the " Vegeta- ble," or other cathartic should be administered, and great care not tc expose the patient to drafts of air during its operation, especially if in perspiration. If this course is faithfully persevered in, it will call the blood to the surface — prevent congestion of the lungs (unnatural accumulation of blood) — lessen the fever, ease the pain, and aid expec- toration. But if the expectoration becomes difficult, and the disease should not seem to yield in from 8 to 13 hours at farthest, or by the time the cathartic has freely operated, then, or soon after, give the "Eclectic," or "Lobelia-seed Emetic," as directed under that head ; anti if called to a case which is already confirmed, it is best to begin with the emetic, then follow up as above directed in recent cases. An expectorant in confirmed (establislied) cases, will be needed. Let it be composed of tincture of lobelia, 1 oz. ; tincture of ipecac, y^ oz. ; tinc- ture of hlood-root, 34 oz. ; siniiile syrup or molasses, 2 ozs. ; mix. Dose. — One tea-spoon every 2 hours, alternately with the white-root tea and "Sweating Drops," except the first dose may be 3 tea-spoons. The case must then be watched carefully ; and any part or all of **»» Medical Department. \i'j trem merit may be repeated, lessened, increased, or modified to suit retuinltig or remaining symptoms. i^ersons navmg this book in the house, and being governed by it, having also the leading medicines on hand, and commencing with this disease, or Inflammation of any otlier organs, modifying the treatment by common sense, according to the remarks on "General Inflamma- tion," will not have to repeat the course in one case out of ten. In inflammation of the stomach, known by heat, according to the degree of the inflammation, drinks of slippery-elm water, or mucilage of gum arable, etc., may be freely taken ; and in inflammation of other organs, other modifications will be required ; as for Dysentery, which is an inflammation of the large intestines, the " Injection " must be freely used, as also the perspiring processes, in all cases. In chronic inflammation, tlie emetic should be given once a week; and some other time during the week, the sweating should be gone through also, with dry frictions to the whole surface, by means of a coarse towel, for fifteen to twenty minutes each time, twice daily ; and if the feet are habitually cold, wash them in cold water and wipe them dry, at bed time, then rub them with a coarse cloth or the dry hand until they are pei'fectly warm and comfortable ; and it may be ejepected that these long-standing cases will soon yield to this rational course. ♦ FEMALE DEBILITY AND IRREGULARITIES.— It is a self- evident fact that the finer the work, and tlie more complicated a piece of machinery, the more liable it is to become deranged, or out of order; and the more skillful must be the mechanic who undertakes to make any necessary repairs. Upon this consideration I argue that the system of the female is the finer and more complicated, having to perform a double work, (child bearing,) yet confined to tlie same or less dimensions than the male. And to perform this double function of sustaining her own life, and giving life to her species, it becomes necessary in the wisdom of God to give her such a peculiar formation, that between the ages of fifteen and forty-five, or tlie child-bearing period, she should have a sanguineous, monthly fiow, called by various names, as monthly periods, menstruation, menses, catamenia, courses, etc., etc. Why it should have been so arranged, or necessary, none can tell. We are left to deal with the simple fact ; and it would be just as wise in us to say that it was not so, as to say tliere was no one who planned it, because we cannot see and fully understand the reason why it is so. This flow varies in amount from one to three, four, or five ounces, laf>ti:ig fiom tliree to four or Ave days only when usual health is enjoyed. And as tliis book will fall into the hands of very many families who will have no other medical work for reference upon this subject, it will not be amiss for \ne to give the necessary instructions 178 Dr. Chase's Recipes. here, that all may be able to qualify themselves to meet the exigencies (demand) of all cases, A day or two previous to the commencement of these periods, for the first time, an uneasiness often amounting to pain, in the parts, is felt, with sense of heaviness also in the womb — lying in the lower part of the abdomen. Some females are very nervous at these periods, others have a flushed face, accompanied with dizziness and headache, sickness at the stomach, etc. In young girls these new feelings produce uneasiness for want of knowledge as to their cause and result, and should lead them to seek maternal advice and counsel, unless they have some book of this kind which explains the whole matter. And it would certainly be advisable, hi all cases, for girls to not only seek such advice from the mother, or lady with whom they may be living, but be guided by it also. And although, with many girls there may be .ineasiness in the mammae, often amounting to real pain, yet no real danger need be apprehended ; for these unpleasant sensations will continue and increase in severity, until in healthy young females there will be what is known as a "s/ioic," which will afford immediate relief, not from the quantity of the flow, at the first few periods, but from the fact that the organs peculiar to the fenjale have accomplished their mysterious work. Ordinarily these periods begin at about fif- teen years of age, some earlier or later even as much as a year, and sometimes more. With girls who take an active part in the labors of the house, freely romping, playing, etc., their health and strength becoming fully developed thereby, these periods come on a little ear- lier, and are moi-e healthy and regular. Allow me here to give a word of caution about taking cold at this period. It is very dangerous. I knew a young girl, who had not been instructed by her mother upon this subject, to be so afraid of being found with this show upon her apparel, which she did not know th9 meaning of, that she went to a brook and washed herself and clothe* — took cold, and immediately became insane — remaining so as long as I knew her. Any mother who so neglects her duty to her child, in not explaining these things, nor by putting a work of this kind into her hands, runs the risk of injury to her daughter that may never be remedied, even with the best treatment, after the harm is done. After this flow takes place, the unpleasant feelings usually sub- side, and the health again becomes good for the month, when all of the foregoing sensations recur again, with a larger flow and longer continued, recurring every four weeks, and is then called menses, etc., etc. This function of the female system, from the fineness and com- plication of the structures, is very liable to become deranged in var- ioas ways. It maf^ be partially supprttMted or entu-ly »t9{^)e4. mttcd ammf^ Medical Department, 179 rhta ; rt iriay De painful or imperfect, dysmenorrhea ; it may be very free or excessive, menorrhagia, (like hemorrhage, for the treatment of which see recipe for Uterine Hemorrhage, in another part of the book,) ; or it may be irregular in its recurrence and duration, or a continual glairy flow, whicli indicates an inflammation of the parts, leucorrhea. But as this monthly flow is absolutely necessary to health, between, iihese periods of life, say fifteen to forty-five, its suppression, pain- fulness, excessiveness, or irregularity, will soon produce general debil- ity. Causes. — The female organism is such that what affects the gen- eral system of the male xnuch more frequentl}^ aftects the organs peculiar to her system only. No reason can be given for it except the wisdom of the Creator, and the necessities of her construction. But this debility and irregvlarity are so interwoven together that what ^auses one must necessarily slfect the other. In the good old grand footker-days, when girls helped with the .vork of the household, warm but loose clothing, plain food, good »nick-soled shoes, and absence of novels, to excite the passions, etc., »ach a thing as a feeble, debilitaied woman or girl was seldom known; but now sedentai-y habits, stimulating food, every conceivable unphys- lological style of dress, paper-soled shoes, checking perspiration, fcxcitable reading, repeated colds oy exposure going to and from par- ties, tliinly clad, standing by the gate talking with supposed friends (real enemies) when they ought to be by the fire or in bed, all tend to general debility ; and the real wonder is that there is not more debility Ihan there is. The very word debility shows plainly the leading symptom, weak- ness. She appears pale, especially about the lips, nose, etc., with a bluish circle about the eyes, which appear rather sunken ; she feels dull, languid, and drowsy, stomach out of order, nausea, often with fluttering about the heart; tlie nervous system sometimes becoming so much involved as to bring on fits of despondeiicj' leading many to commit suicide. Tlie feet and limbs frequently become swollen, rest- less in sleep, often craving unnatural food, as clay, soft stones, etc. There may also be a sensation of bearing down, or even falling of the womb, as it is called, (prolapsus uteri,) which is much the most common among the married. The bowels are usually costive, often griping pains, which cause much suffering. Pains in the head and back also ; but instead of being looked upon as unf avoraMe, they rather show that nature is trying to accomplisli her work, and needs the assistance of rational remedies. It is not to be supposed that every patient will experience all of these symptoms, at one time, or sill of tlie time, but they commence as pointed out, and if allowed to go on without proper correction, they l8o Dr. Chase' s Recipes. will increase in severity until they may be all experienced to « greater or less degree. Indications. — The symptoms indicate (point out) the treatment; that is, if there is debility, tonics are required: paleness shows that the blood has become deficient in iron ; and the softness of the flesh indicates that a more nutritious diet is needed. The dullness and drowsy languidness indicate the necessity of out-door, active exercise. Travel, or agreeable home company, to ramble over hill and dale, resting as often and as long as may be necessary, not to tire, but sufficient to create an appetite and aid digestion — using, once a w«ek, any gentle cathartic to move the bowels once or twice only at each time, with the " Tonic Wine Tincture,'''' given in another part of this work, or the iron and ginger, given below, as deemed best or most convenient to obtain. In cases of inflammation of these organs, known by a glairy flow, cooling and astringent injections are called for, both as an act of cleanliness, as also of cure. In cases where the womb has fallen- settled low in the pelvis — the necessity is shown tor a pessary support until the general treatment relieves the difficulty. Costiveness pointu out laxatives, whilst nature's efibrts, shown by pains in the head back, etc., call for the whole general remedies above pointed out; and which shall be a little more particularized in the following: Tkeatment. — For the weakness and general debility of th^ patient, let the "Tonic Wine Tincture" be freely taken in connectioi. with iron, to strengthen and invigorate the system; beth-root, (often called birth-root, Indian balm, ground lily, etc.,) the root is the pari used, Solomon's seal and Colombo, spikenard, comfrey, gentian, thf" roots, with camomile flowers, of each, 1 oz. ; with a little white-oa]< bark, may be added to the wine tincture, to adapt it to these particula* cases, taking a wine-glass, if it can be borne, from 3 to 5 times daily Domestic wine can be used in place of the Port, in making the tonic wine tincture. I. A very good way to take iron, is to go to a blacksmith ano have him take a piece of nail-rod, a foot or two in length, and hea> it, letting it cool in the cinders of the forge, which softens it; thei. have him file it all up for you, saving the filings on a piece of paper, with which filiigs mix as much ground ginger, rubbing them thor- oughly together. DosE. — Half of a tea-spoon three times daily, in a little honey or molasses. The natural action of the iron upon the system will be to make the stools dark, or nearly black, so do not be fearful about that condition ; for, without it, we should not be sure of the desired action of the iron. Let the use of the iron be kept up for two or three months at least, or until health is obtained. In places where it may be difficult to get the iron filings, given ii. No. 1, the sweet liqu(>r of the protoxide of iron, kept by druggists, the technical name of which is Liq. Ferri Froioxicle Dulc., may be used in place of that, a dose of which will be about one tea-spoo* Medical Department. i8i cbttse eJmes daily, just after meals. I have prescribed this preparation vvlt' 1 instruction that a mother's experienct an uriTe her. APPENDIX TO MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. BY THE PUBLISHER. APOPLEXY. — It is a sudden deprivation of all the senses, and of voluntary motion, genei-nlly the eftect of compression of the brain; wliicli, when produced by an effusion of blood, or a distention of the intei-nal vessels of the head, from an accumulation of blood, is termed Sanguineous Ajyoplexy ; and when caused by an effusion of serum, wiiich occurs chiefly in di-opsical habits, Serous Apoplexy. Apoplexy — Sanguineous. — The shoit necked, the indolent, greal eaters, and great drinkers, are its victims! The fit is generally pre- ceded b}'^ a sense of weight in the Iiead, and giddiness; frequent head- ache; bleeding at the nose; redness of the ej^es; imperfect vision, ringing in the ears; numbness in the extremities; weakness of the knees; faltering of the voice; drowsiness, and disturbed sleep. It is brought on by whatever huriies the circulation, so as to increase th^ iifflux of blood into the vessels of the head; such as violent exercises, passions of the mind; much straining; whatever impedes the free return of blood from the head; as a tight ligature, or handkerchiei around the neck; or lying with tiie head lower than the chest. If the fit has lasted long, i. c, two or three days; if the breathing IS very laborious and loud; if tlie patient is far advanced in life; it ia probable that the dise;ise will prove fatal. A second attack is always of more danger than a first; and when apoplexy comes upon a patieu'' who has had frequent attacks of epilepsy, it very commonly prove* fatal. Treatment. — Remove the cause, that is, pressure upon the brail — apply blisters to the head, and also between the shoulders — anc lessen the determination of the blood to the head by increasing tht circulation in the extiemities, i. e., stimulating the feet and hands by mustard poultices, and by emptying the lower intestines by a clystei made of cpsom salts, castor oil, salt and aloes. Also give sudorifics, or medicines to promote rr.veat. If the attack takes place saon after s full meal, an emetic should be given— lobelia. Keep the body nearly in an erect posture to promote the return of the blood from the head. Apoplexy — Serous. — Compression of the brain, producing apo' plexy, is seldom caused by an eft'usion of the serous part of the blood. When it occurs in a dropsical person, it may be referred to an efl*usion of serum, which will require the aforesaid means. Cordials aro proper and may be given. It is in consequence of extreme debility of the system, and generallj^ terminates in death. Give emetics of ipecacuanha and tartarized antimony, blisters to the head, mustard poultices to the legs and feet, sharp purges, diff"usive stimulants of ammonia, castor oil, assafoetida, valerian, and electricity passed through the head. Prevention of Apoplexy. — Avoid intoxicating drinks, keep the feet dry and warm, take plenty of exercise, eat sparingly, sleep Appendix to Medical Department. 185 with the head higher than the trunk, prevent constipation, wash the head and sponjje the chest every morning in cold water. For the treatment of apoplexy, the following hints have been collected from the works of the most eminent physicians: Remove all compression from every part of the body; immerse the legs in warm water and mustard for 10 minutes, applying friction at the same time; bathe the wliole surface with the diluted tincture of cayenne; avoid bleeding; put a mustard plaster between the shoul-4 'Icrs; if possible, let a brisk purgative be administered, for evacuation) is necessaiy to unload the bowels and stomach, and therefore the' pressure on the brain. Blood-letting in apoplexy aggravates tlie cere- !)ral congestion. Prof. Recamier says, " I have not the least evidence that blood-letting has the .smallest power to diminish the violence or duration of an apopletic paroxysm; nay, I have every reason to iiolieve that it so far weakens the powers of reaction as to prove fatal, • >r greatly to retard the cure." Apply cold water to the head, and hot water to the feet, if slight symptoms begin to appear. At first do it slightly, and increase the application graduallJ^ This will force back i!ie blood from the upper to the lower extremities through the heart, •md lemove the disease. The whole secret of treatment consists hi «s. Mix. A spoon to be taken when relief is required. It promotes copious expectoration. Or, gum ammoniac, 1 dr. ; gum assafoetida, squill pill, of each }4, dr.; oil of cinnamon, 6 drops; form into 24 pills, with common syrup. Take twice a day. Or, powdered senna, 1 oz.; flour of sulphur, % oz.; powdered ^nger, 2 drs. ; powdered saffron, 3^ dr. Size of a nutmeg to be taken night and morning, in treacle or honey. Or 2 ozs. of best honey, and I oz. of castor oil mixed. A tea-spoon or 3 to be taken night and «norning. Carroway and sweet fennel seeds, of each 3^ oz. ; boil in a pint of vinegar about 20 minutes; take it off the fire, and add 3 ozs. of sliced garlic. Cover up, and when cold, squeeze and strain, and by gentle neat, mix with it IJ^ lbs. of good honey. A tea-spoon or 2 to be taken night and morning. To relieve the breathing^ steep some blotting paper in a strong solu- tion of saltpeter; dry it, and light a portion when going to bed, lay it •on a plate. Many have experienced much relief from this. Asthma. — The Rev. John Wesley recommends the following: A pint of cold water every morning, and wash the head in cold water, and using the cold bath once in 2 weeks; or^ a decoction of liquorice often gives relief; or, )^ pt. of tar water twice a day; or, line a fortnight chiefly on boiled carrots. It Seldom fails. Many have been cured hy this diet; or, take from 10 to 60 drops of elixir of vitriol, in a glass of spring water, 3 or 4 times a day; or, in a qt of boiling water, put a tea-spoon of balsamic ether;* receive the steam into the lungs, through a fumigator, twice a day; or, vomit with warm water, and always keep the body open. To prevent a return of a Fit of Asthma, or to relieve Asthma.— Keep the bowels gently open with rhubarb, or some other mild aperi- ent, and strengthen the tone of the stomach by bitter infusions, as * Balsamic Ether Is made thus : Put 4 ozs. of spirits of wine, and 1 oz. of Dalsam of tolu, into a phial, with 1 oz. of Ether. Keep it well corked. It vtrill not keep over a week or two: 13 1 88 Appendix to Medical Department. camomile, gentian, and quinine. When the chest is constricted, a^ply mustard, or blistering plasters, and take an emetic occasionally to olea>" out the phlegm from the bronchial passnges; avoid everything diffi- cult of digestion; wear tlaniiei next to the skin; avoid a bleak, damp air. easterly winds, and take constant exercise. An animal, diet, rather light, is preferable to a vegetable diet. Astliiiialic Cough. — Take iSpanish liquorice, 2 ozs. ; salt of tarta/ 3^ oz.; b )il the liquor in 3 pints of water to a quart; add the salt to it when it is bkiod warm. Drink 2 spoons of this every 2 hours. It seldom fails. I iiave known this to cure an inveterate moist asthma. ATROPHY.— The word is dei-ived from the Greek a, not, and trophe, nourishment; not novrisJimeni, and the want of that nourish- ment induces emaciation, and loss of sti'ength. The symptoms are a gradual consuming or wasting away, impaired digestion, loss of appe- tite, depression of spirits, and general languor; in the latter stage:? hectic fever, cough, and difficult breathing. In young persons of scrofulous habit, there is enlargement of the mesentreic glands, indi' gestion, costivencss, or diarrhea, uncertain appetite, flushed or palid cheek-s remittent fever, swelling of tiie abdomen, emaciated limbs, and eruptions of the skin on the shoulders, arms, and thighs, etc. I have seen the vessels so attenuated as to be scarcely able to contain the blood, and in some cases, the smaller ones congested. The cause may be hei-editary, damp houses, room^, and beds, unwholesome foul air, close and bad ventilated sleeping rooms, exces sive evacuations, worms, mental anxiety, excessive indulgence in venery, or spirituous liquors. It is induced in females by giving sue)* too long. Treatment. — Many diseases are accompanied by atrophy to h greater or less extent. In those cases, therefore, it is but an etFe'.;t cf a disease, and that disease must be prepcvibed for. There are cases however, in wiiich the most careful and repeated scrutiny fails tt In many persons it comes on gradually, and almost imperceptibly, particularly in very debilitated constitutions. The general symptoms of a heruia, when reducible and free from xtrangulation, are an indolent tuinor at some point of the abdomen, frequently descending out of the abdominal ring, or out of the navel, but occjisionally from otlier situations. The swelling often arises uddenly, and is subject to a change of size, being smaller when the atient lies down on his back, and larger when he stands up or holds Kis breath. It frequently diminishes when pressed, and grows large again when the pressure is removed. Its size and tension often in- i rease after a meal, or when the bowels are flatulent. In consequence >f the unnatural position of the bowels, many persons who have capture are occasionally troubled with colic, costiveness, and vomiting, but sometimes the functions of the intestines sufler little interruption. But in all cases ruptures are troublesome and dangerous, and tnerefore ought to be attended to in tune. When a rupture is reduc- >ole, return tlie protruded parts to their original cavity, by gently tressing the pi'ojecting tumor, which can be best effected when the (.atient is lying on his back, with the legs bent, so that the knees, may >>e erect; an attitude which he should always preserve as much as I ossible. An injection should be given made of gruel, butter, salt, 'iud Ave or six drops of laudanum. Folds of linen dipped in ice- •v'ater should be placed upon the tumor, and renewed every fifteen ftiinutes. Ice also may be applied with good effect. If the case has been delayed too long, use flannels dipped in a warm decoction of bitter herbs, as tansy, wormwood, horehound, and hops; these herbs tend to soften the tumor, and facilitate its return. Change the flan- nels frequently. Infants are often subject to umbilical hernia, or rupture of the navel. It is cured by applying a proper bandage or truss, which, with Increasing strength, effects a cure. Particular attention should be paid to the cure of female infants that are ruptured; that they may be free from the complaint when they become adult and pregnant; for then it often recurs from the too great distension of the abdomen, etc. During pregnancy, it is often troublesome, but after parturition, if the contents ha\e not contracted any adhesion, they will often return into the abdomen, and may be kept there by a proper bandage. Females subject to umbilical rupture, should keep their bowels uncon- stipated, especially if the navel rupture be irreducible ; and they should avoid indigestible food. When the tumor is returned, it should be kept in its place by a Dandage or truss. By the permanent pressure of a truss upon the opening, the i)arts are prevented from descending, and a permanent ipo Appendix to Medical Department. cure is often eflcttotl. A truss may be obtained at a surgical instru- ment maker's. Dr. Beach, an eminent physician, states : "Most of the cases of Btrangulated hernia for whiclian operation is performed, might be cured by ])roper treatment. In very many cases, where an operation lias been proposed, tlie patient has recovered by very simple means. I have been called to some, where, at rii-stview, it has seemed impossible to return the protruded viscera without cuttinoj down and dividing tlie stricture ; and yet, by prom])t and eneigetic means, I have succeeded in reducing it." The following directions are founded upon the American practice : Commence tlie treatment by giving a dose of castor oil ; avoid strong and irritating i»urgatives. Use injections of an oily nature, as Lobelia in flata, a sutiicient quantity; infuse in i^ pt. of liot water, to wliich add as much milk and treacle, and a. gill of olive or sweet oil. Repeat every hour. This is one of the most powerful relaxants that can be used in this disease. The following external applications are recommended by Dr. Beach : Steam and foment with bitter herbs (herbs before mentioned) Put the decoction in a tub or pail, and sit over it by means of a narrow board put across it. Place a blanket ovei- the patient. This will causf perspinition, and reduce the intianuTiation In extreme cases a warm bath should be taken for some time. An alkaline poultice may b»* applied over the rupture. Mix the slippery elm bark with weak Ijje, until a poultice of a proper consistence is formed, to be applied tepid and often renewed. The best effects have been produced by this ap plication. Dr. Reese, of New York, uses the sulphuric ether for the reduction or return of hernia. He wets the tumor with the liquid, and then, in order to produce speedy evaporation, blows upon it with a pair of bellows. He states that he has reduced a number of strangulated hernia by this method alone, when they had been doomed to undergo an operation. While these means are being used, manual aid must b« used, called ^ax/s, (meaning the rijplacement of the parts by hand.) The position of the patient requires care and skill. His legs and buttocks should be elevated as high as possible, forming an angle, iJ possible of 45 degrees. This may be effected by placing the back pan of a chair underneath him. His thighs and body should be a littU flexed or bent, in order to relax the muscles. The tumor should thei- be seized and moderate pressuie made, in oider to leturn the visceia The constant application of a solution of alum in a strong decoc- tion of oak bark — two draciuus to a pint — has been recommended by some surgeons for the railical cure of rui)ture in the groin. It is ap- plied by means of soft linen, which should be wetted as soon as it becomes dry. In incipient cases this topical remedy, by constringing the parts, may succeed in preventing the escape of the intestine or omentum through the abdominal ring. The ce of ammo- Appendix to Medical Department. 19 1 nia, 8 grs. compouiitl powder of ipecacuanha, mint-water, IJ^ ozs. Peruvian baric, or siilpliate of quinine, is an efficacious remedy. An emetic before talving it is necessary; about 20 grs. of ipecacuaniia powder; tlieii take a small dose of salts and senna, and the Peruvian bark in powder ; an ounce will make eight doses, one of which should be taken every hour or two. Or, instead of the Peruvian bark, take from 2 to 4 grs. of quinine, with 1 gr. of extract of gentian, made into pills. When the disease is arrested, continue the use of the pill, taking two per day for a few weeks. Ague. — Take 30 grs. of snake-root, 40 of wormwood, ^ oz. of Peruvian bark powdered, and X^ pt. of Port wine. Put tlie whole into a bottle, and shake it well together; divide it into four equal quantities, and take it the lirst in the morning, and the last at night, when the fit is over. The dose should be often repeated, to prevent a return of the complaint. Or, when the fit is on, take an ^^^ beaten ap in a glass of brandv, and go to bed immediatelv- WHITLOW, OR FELON.— This is au inflammation of the fingers, thumb, or hand, and is very painful. It is often situated at the root of tiie nail. The pain is attended with throbbing, swelling, and in- flammation. It gradually progresses to suppuration. Steam the whole haiid with bitter heibs tor 30 or 40 minutes; bathe it frequently in strong hot lye water. The steaming must not be dispensed with, ^iply a poultice of linseed and and slippery elm, with a little salt and brandy. The formation of matter is indicated by a small white spot in the center of the swelling. When this appears, open it with tiie point of a large needle or probe, that the matter may escape. Repeat, if necessary. If proud flesh appears, apply the vegetable caustic or chloride of potass, diluted. A poultice of powdered hops is veiy effectual to relieve pain. Attend to the general health, by giving aperients, tonics, and nutritions, cooling diet. Whitlow. — Cut a hole in a lemon, and wear it on the finger like a thimble; the whitlow must be encased in the lemon. See " Felon." STOMACH, SPASMS OR CRAMP OF.— This painful and alarming f^tate may proceed from various causes: such as tiie sudden application jf cold, or it may arise from indigestible fruits or food, from bile regurgitating into the organ, from congestion of the liver, from gout or rheumatism, and, finally, from a draught of cold water when the body is heated, or from swallowing pieces of ice. A hot bath, or warm fomentations, are general ly the best external remedies for spasm of the stomach, and an emetic the most useful and effective internal means, followed by such after-treatment as the exciting cause seems to justify or demand. BLADDER, INFLAMMATION OF.— It manifests itself by pain and ligiitness in the lower part of tlie abdomen; the pain increases by pri'ssure. there is a constant desire to i)ass urine, and great difficulty in passing a few drops; sometimes there is comi)lete retention; the i)ladder may become enlarged, caused by the inflanuuatory action. Ill old people the chronic form occurs, and it is frequently caused by stone. In the decline of life, the common symptom is the difficulty of making water. In painful retention of urine, hot fomentations of herbs, as hops, wormwood, tansy, camomile flowers, and a little valerian root, maybe applied over the region of the bladder. Use also the warm foot-bath. Parsley taa with a little spirits of nitre dMdhtHt gin may be taken. Take also tha Diurttic Infunnii, which see. Should these fail, use the 192 Appendix to Medical Department. hip-bath, temperature from 86 to 96, for half an hour; take also a table-spoon of castor oil, and, if the pain is severe, 12 drops of laud- anum. Warm injections are al«o serviceable. Add to the injections a little tincture of lobelia. The following is an excellent remedy in affections of the bladder, particularly in old age : Soliditied copaiba, alcoholic extract of cubebs, equal parts. Mix and make into three or four grain pills, and give one or two 3 times a day. It has been known to act like a charm. It is invaluable in all urinary affections, and especially those which affect old people. It allays pain and irritation about the neck of the bladder, of the pros- trate gland, and in the kidneys. In case of extreme pain apply the Irritating Plaster (which see) over the pubic region. To strengthen the bladder, avoid all intoxicating drinks, exposure to wet, damp, and cold ; sponge the lower parts of the abdomen with salt and water, and occasionally with vinegar. See "Urine," or "Urinary." CURE FOR BURNS.— Of all applications for a burn we believe that there are none equal to a simple covering of common wheat flour. This is always at hand, and while it requires no skill in using, it pro- duces most astonishing effects. The moisture produced upon the sur- face of a slight or deep burn is at once absorbed by the flour, and forms a paste which shuts out the air. As long as the fluid matter."- continue flowing, they are absoi'bed and prevented from producing irritation, as they would do, if kept from passing oft'by oily or resinous applications, while the greater the amount of those absoi'bed by the flour the thicker the protective covering. Another advantage of the. flour covering is, that next to the surface it is kept moist and flexible, it can also be readily washed off without further irritation in remov- ing. It may occasionally be washed ott" very carefully when it ha." become matted and dry, and a new covering sprinkled on. Remedy for Burns and Scalds. — Take chalk and linseed or com- mon olive oil, and mix them in such proportions as will produce a compound as thick as honey; then add vinegar, so as to reduce it to tlie thickness of molasses, apply with a soft brush or featlier, and renew the application from time to time. Each renewal brings fresh relief and a grateful coolness. If the injuiy is severe, especially if it involve the chest, give 10 drops of laudanum to an adult, and repeat it in an hour, and again a third time ; to a child of ten years, give in like manner only three drops, and beware of giving any to an Infant. This Tjlan, with an internal stimulant, according to age, as brandy or sal- volatile, or both, should be at once adopted until the arrival of the medical attendant. Lime water beaten up with sweet oil makes an excellent application for burns. Burns and Scalds.— See Spanish Flies.— If the clothes have caught fire, wrap the person in a shawl, coat, blankc-t, etc., very tightljs to extinguish the flames; or when these are not at hand, roll the person on the floor. Then gently disengage the clothes from around the burned surface. If any parts of the dress should stick to the burned part, do not remove tlicnn, but cut the clothes from around that part. Tlie treatment for burns is applicable to scalds. If the injury is merely superficial, saturate a jjiece of cotton wool, or wadding, etc., with tinc- ture of Spanish flies, largely diluted with water, and apply it over the burned or scalded part, and cover it with folded cotton or linen, etc., to exclude the atmospheric air. Saturate with tlie liniment as the Appendix to Medical Department.. 193 cloth dries. If the wound is deep, use the arnica lotion, insteiul of cantharldes. When the burning pain ceases, apply simple cerate spread on a linen rag, and cover well up. Liniments are better than lotions, as they contain soap dissolved in spirits of wine, both curative of burns, etc. The arnica lotion may be obtained from any Homeo- pathic chemist. When the afore-mentioned liniments are not at hand, cotton wool, or a linen rag may be well saturated in oil and soap lather, and ap-j plied. f " A most primitive, yet very effectual remedj'' in the treatment of* burns and scalds is cow-dung ; and from its being so rich in phospho- rus, it must exert a specific, and a mechanical action to cure injuries resulting from fire." Apply a poultice of elm bark and milk,' and when the inflamma- tion has left, apply black salve. For very slight burns, the black dalve alone will cure. The slippery elm poultice is a sovereign remedy and has effected the greatest cures. Dr. Beach relates the case of a girl ireadfully scalded by falling into a large pan of boiling water, which icalded, and actually burnt or disorganized the parts from the back clearly to the feet. A poultice of slippery elm bark, and olive oil alone, /ery soon arrested the inflammation and acute sufferings of the patient, o the astonishment of all. The elm bark may be bought of the Medical botanists. In all cases of burns and scalds, it is necessary to observe, that if "ever should ensue, gentle laxative medicines ought to be given; as «.stor oil, or salts and senna. In cases of scalding the mouth with hot liquids, gargle with a so- lution of borax, and then hold in the mouth a mucilage af slippery ;lm, swallowing it slowly, if tlie throat also has beeu scalded; the ilippery elm baik may be mixed with olive oil. Some recommend above the layer of flour, must not be neglected. Burn or Scald. — Iiumediately plunge the part in cold water, ano keep it therefor some time; or electrify it immediately; or if the pan cannot be dipped, apply a cloth four times doubled, dipped in colO water, changing it when it becomes warm; or a bruised onion; ormii lime-water and sweet oil to the thickness of cream. Apply with f feather. Most eflx'Ctual. Or, take a piece of iliick brown paper, dipped in the best sallad oil then set the paper on fire upon a common plate, upon which will re main a deposit of oil. Apply this oil to the burn. Or, put on the bun or scald a covering of floui-; or, cover with treacle, and dust on flour or, cover with the white of egg; or, apply whiting or chalk, and lin seed oil ; or, apply a cloth dipped in a solution of alum. BALDNEsS. — The decoction of box-wood successful in cases ov baldness is thus made: Take of tlie conniion box which grows in garden borders, stem.- and leaves, four large handfulls; boilin three pints of water in a closeM covered vessel for a quarter of an hour, and let it stand in a covereu earthenware for ten hours or more; strain, and add an ounce and h half of eau de cologne or lavender water, to make it keep. The head should be well washed with this solution every morning. Liquid for tlie Cure and Prevention of Balduess.— Eau de cologne, two ounces; tincture of cantharides, two drs. ; oil of rose- mary, oil of nutmegs and oil of lavender, each ten drops, to be rubbed on the bald part of tlie head every night. Baldness.— The falling off" of the hair from the crown of the head— sometimes from the whole scalp — and often occurring at a very' early age of life. Though premature baldness frequently occurs from fever, or some disease alfecting the glands of the cuticle which secrete the roots or bulbs of the huii-, it often takes place in young men from no assignable cause. The best preventive means of saving the hair when once it begins to show a tendency to fall off, is to have the scalp shaved immediately, and that operation repeated every month, till the strength of tlie next crop of bristles gives evidence of a more vigorous growth. At the same time, the following embrocation is to be well rubbed into tlie scalp every nigiit upon going to bed, after having firal irritated the cuticle with the hair-brush, to promote absorption. Appendix to Medical Department. I95 Embrocation for \Svt Growth Hair. — Take of castor oil, 2 ozs. ; oil ofrosemaiy, 2tlrs.-, essential oil of bitter almonds, 15 drops; tincture of Spjiiiish tlies, 3 drs. Mix. This will be found serviceable in every condition of baldness. Very little need be used at one time, — the most important object being to difl'use it well over the scalp. Baldness.— The cause of baldness is defect in the hair follicles, from whicli the hair is developed. Sometimes it is the result of disease, and is frequently hereditary. Those who perspire much about the iiead are generally bald. If the hair falls off after fever, shaving a few times will tend to promote tlie growth. Keeping the head closely wrapned prevents the growtli of hair. A drachm of the tincture of cantliarides mixed with an ounce of lard, is a good application. An infusion of the Asarum Europeum Asarabacca, may be used as a lotion for tlie scalp. Rub the bald part frequently with the juice of an onion till it looks red ; or, water, 1 pt. ; pearlash, half an ounce; onion juice, 1 gill; rum, half a gill ; oil of rosemary, 20 drops. Rub the head hard with a rough linen towel dipped in the mixture; or, take 4 ozs. of castor oil, 8 ozs. best i-uni, 30 drops oil of lavender, apply occasionally to the head, shaking the bottle well ; or, beef marrow, well washed, melted, and strained, % lb.; tincture of cantliarides, 1 oz. ; oil of bergamot, 12 drops. Wash the head frequently with warm water and Windsor soap; or with a Jecoction of rosemary and southern-wood. Baldness. — Eub the part morning ai'd evening with onions, till it IS red, and afterwards with honey ; or, wash it with a decoction of boxwood ; or, electrify it daily . Baldness. — Infuse for a few days, 1 dr. of powdered cantharides in 1 oz. of proof spirit ; beef marrow, % lb. ; soak in several waters, lastly >n weak salt and water ; melt, strain, and mix, adding 10 or 12 drops jf oil of bei-gamot, or lavender. BREATH, IMPURE.— There are few things more offensive than a toul or foetid breath, not only as a source of annoyance to the person .'imself, but a positive nuisance to all who have the misfoi-tune to ap- jroach him. Impure breath except in cases of illness, and when the '•atient is under a course of mercury, proceeds from two causes — a ueglected state of the stomach and bowels, or from decayed teeth and an unclean mouth ; and as in either case the remedy is easy, it must be owing to an innate disregard for others' comfort, and neglect of his own, that any person allows so noxious an offense to continue. When tiie cause proceeds from the bowels, two or three colocynth, or com- pound riiubarb pills, taken once every six hours, and a black draught, or half an ounce of Epsom salts afterwards, will almost always remove it; while, if the moHth or teeth are the cause, a weak solution of the chloride of liuie, used twice a day as a wash for the mouth, rubbing llie gums and teeth after each tinie with a dry cloth, will soon remove all cause of complaint; or, what is still better, the daily employmenil of a tooth-brush and the following dentriflce : ' Take of powdei-ed charcoal, i| oz. ; cuttle-fish, 3 drs. ; myrrh, 1 dr. Used as a tooth-powder night and morning with warm water. BRIGHT'S DISEASE.— A peculiar disease of the kidneys, so named from Dr. Bright, the first to draw attention to the existence of this singular afiection, the chief characteristic of which is the presence of a greater or less amount of seruui separated from the blood, and found ill the urine voided from the bladder. Symptoms— Pain in the back and loins, at first slight and ocea- ig6 Appendix to Medical Department. slonal, but becoming heavy, dull, and settled, accompanied with rest lessness and fever, and the usual functional disturbance in the other organs; loss of appetite, liectic flushes, and general disturbance. Tlu^se symptoms are succeeded by enlargement in the loins, oedeina, or swell- ing of tiie face and extremeties, and finally a state of general dropsy. Should these symptoms fail to point out the disease, heat applied t-. the urine will at once indicate its character ; forthe serum will become coagulated, and, according to the amount present, either the whole will be rendened solid, or masses of coagulum will be seen floating about the water. The CAUSES of this disease are either a scrofulous condition of the system, an intemperate habit, or the long indulgence in a course of alcoholic liquors, or dram-drinking. Treatment.— A warm bath is the first remedial agent to be em- ployed, which is to be followed by friction over the loins with weak mercurial ointment, containing a drachm of camphor to the ounce ; or, if the pain be severe, cupping, or the application of a dozen leeches to the loins should be adopted ; at the same time giving one of the follow- ing powders every six hours, and a pill, containing 1% grains of solid opium, at bed-time. Take of sulphate of potass, J^ dr. ; powdered jalap, 1 dr.; powdered nitre, 1 scr. ; Calomel, 18 grs. Mix thoroughly, and divide into 8i> powders. BRONCHI riS. — This disease is very prevalent in the English climate, and often proves fatal. The acute atfection often passes into the chronic form. Bronchitis is derived from the Greek Bronkos, the wind-pipe, and has a reference to the bronchia, the ramifications of the trachea. It is an inflammation of the lining membrane of the passages of the throat, through which respiration is carried on. The first symptoms are running at the nose, eyes watering, fi-e- quent sneezing, shivering, dullness, and sometimes pain in the head. The chest is affected, there is a roughness of feeling in the trachea, or wind-pipe, which causes frequent attempts to clear the throat. The fever runs high, there is great weakness, a troublesome cough, and difficult breathing, hoarseness, tightness and pain across the chest. The cough is soon accompanied with expectoration of a thin fluid, having a saline taste, ])ossessing an irritating quality. As the expec- toration thickens and increases, the pain begins to abate, and th« breathing to be relieved. The pulse is not so violent and the fever abates. These are favorable symptoms; and especiallj'^ so when the phlegm changes from a glairy liquid to a tenacious phlegm, and de- creases in quantity. The unfavorable symptoms are, feeble, frequent, and irregular pulsation, palid countenance, cold sweats, increased mucous, and the prostration of strength tlirough the cough in efforts to remove it; the cough becomes less eftectual to expectorate; wheezing comes on, and next a rattling in the large air-tubes, delirium, and suffocation. Fre- quently the collapse is very rapid, inducing dissolution in two or three days. Cure. — The loss of vitality in the system has caused a diminished temperature, chills, coldness of the surface and extremities, imperfect cutaneous functions and the effusion of impure blood on the mucous membrane of the bronchia; followed by irritation and congestion, .ind the secretion of mucous hinders the breathing. Nature requires the removal of these obstructions. Place the feet in warm water, and administer warm and mucilaginous drinks; as, linseed tea, barley Appendix to Medical D-rpartmeni. tp^ •^rtc, -H-uh a lltde lemon juice ; balm tea; geutle aperients, if required; f(.()t-b:uhs, and not bran poultices to the chest. The surface of the body shodld occasionally be bathed with warm water and carbonate of soda. The vapor bath is also recommended. Nothhig is po effectual as nauseating medicines. The design of all remedies in this disease is to dislodge the tenacious and viscid secre- tion which lines the air-tubes, and the impure blood miu'it be corrected iind returned to to the tjurface. Emetics have a specitic action on tii« respiratory organs, dislodging the bi-onchial phlegm, and removing the tension of the parts, Talce 4 grains of Ipecacoanhji powder, iu a little warm water, every twenty minutes, till vomiting takes place. Repeat if necessary. Or take the following emetic: Lobelia, 6 drs. ; skunk cabbage, 3 drs. ; Ipecacuanha, 4 drs. ; cayenne i)epper, J^ dr. Powder and mix. One tea-spoon in camomile tea, every twenty minutes till it operates. It is most effectual in clear- ing the lungs from accumulated matter.* Laboi-ious breathing may be relieved by inhaling steam from a decoction of bitter herbs, or even hot water. Gentle perspiration must be promoted, and medicines employed to allay the cough, if trouble- some. The following is a good mixture: Ipecacuanha wine, 1 dr.; Aromatic spirits of ammonia, 2 drs.; carbonate of potash, I dr. ; water, 8 ozs. ; and if the cough be irritable, ■1(1(1 a grain of acetate of morphia — take two table-spoons every four hours. Or, take almond oil, ^ oz. ; solution of the carbonate of soda, >^ dr.; syrup of tolu, 1 oz.; syup of poppies, 1 oz. ; water 6 ozs. Mix, and take two table-spoons every two or three hours. rersniration may be promoted by taking the sudorific powder, (fioe "Sudorilic Powder.") Counter-irritants are sometimes effectual, as mustard plasters; and in extreme cases, small blistering plasters to the chest. Dr. Beach recommends flannels dipped in a decotion of hops and wormwood, boiled in vinegar; the flannels to be gently wrung, and ipplied as hot and a^ often as possible over the bronchial tubes, or the upper j)art of the chest. If it produces an eruption, it is favorable. The bowels must not be neglected, but kept open by gentle aperients, as castor oil, a weak infusion of salts and senna, according to the strength of the patient. This tends to cool the system, and divert the humors from the chest to the bowels. Broncliitis from the acute sometimes passes into the chronic. Tlie jicrson iu such case should be well clothed, wear flannel next to the skin — should avoid exposure to cold and damp, and abstain from alco- holic drinks. Indeed, in many cases, bronchitis is caused by intemp- perance, and al.so by much public speaking. When the cough is violent and fast, take expectorants recommended in this book, and apply to the clles^ the Stimulating Ointment (which see) Dr. Beach advises the use of the Tar-bath exactly in the following way: Add 1 oz. of common potash to one lb. of tar. to deprive it of itspyroligneous acid. Mix well, and boil together in the open air for flfteen minutes — then to be kept gently simmering in the room of the patient. This may be done by placing it over a spirit lamp- The irritating plaster is very serviceable in the bronchial affec- tions. (See "Initating Plaster.) * These herbs are sold by the Medical Botanist. Not many Druggists ceep them. 19^ Appendix to Medicut Department, The smoking of dried mullein leaves is also recommended. Dnrinjr the inflammation attendant on this complaint, the* did must be simple and soothing; as gruels, sago, rice, tapioca, arrow-root, etc. The i)ati(^ut must keep in a wai'm room, and avoid cold and damp. During convalescence, tonics should be fieely taken. Avoid stimulating drinks. BRAIN — Inflainmatiou of. — It begins with inflammatory fever, a flushed countenance, redness of the eyes, pain in the head, disturbed sleep, dryness of skin, constipation, restlessneoo, irritability, pain in the stomach, a tendency to delirium. It is caused by hard study, intemperance, grief, anxiety, stopping of evacuations, exposure to the heat of thcBun, external injuries, etc. respiration deep and slow, and sometimes difficult. Tlie disease is a dangerous one, and often proves fatal in a few days, if not speedily arrested. Cure. — Promote the evacuations. Rf^move constipation by pur- gatives, clysters, and mix nitre with tea aud other beverages. Divert the blood from the head by restoring the circulation in the extremities — equalize the circularion. Bxthe up to the knees in warm water. In excessive inflamniario i, apply cups to the temples, and th? nape of the neck. Perspiration should also be promoted as much af possible. Should the disease appear obstinate, put a mustard plaste» between the shoulders, and to the feet at night. Frequently appli* vinegar cloths to the head and temple*?. The less irritation, noise light, the better it will be for the patient. " Cold water to the head," says an eminent physician, "aiid tepid or hot water to the surface of the body, have a powerful e Ject in forcing the congested blood from the head, and restoring an equilibrium in the circulation. The food must be simple and ligh:, as panado, water-gruel, toast and water or lemonade, light jellies^ L.arley-water. Nothing stimula- ting must be taken. TO ARREST BLEEDINGS AT THE NOSE.— Introduce, by meana of a probe,asmall piece of lint or soft cotton, previously dipped into some mild styptic, as a solution of alum, white vitriol, creosote, or even cold water. This will generally succeed; but should it not, cold water may be snufted up the nostrils. Should the bleeding be very profuse, medical advise should be secured. Bleeding at the Nose.— Use wheaten flour; it forms a good styptic? snuff it up the nose. Tighten the garters; apply ligatures to the arms, and put the feet into warm water, to bring the blood downwards. To apply a cold wet cloth to the privities is eflfectual. When it arisea from constipation, the bowels should be moved immediately; or plug the nostrils up with lint steeped in strong vinegar, and apply cloths dipped in cold water. The application of ice to the back, tem pies, etc., is also serviceable; or dissolve 2 scruples of nitre in i^ pini of water, and take 1 cup every hour; or apply to the neck behind, and on each side, a cloth dipped in cold water; or wash the temples, nose, and neck, with vinegar; or snuft' up vinegar and water; or foment tlie legs and arms with it; or dissolve 1 oz. of powdered alum in 1 pt. of vinegar; dip a cloth in it and apply it to the temples, steeping the feet in warm water. Bleeding of a Wound.— Make 2 or 3 tight ligatures toward the lower part of each joint; slacken them gradually; or apply tops of nettles bruised; or strew on it the ashes of a linen rag dipped in sharp vinegar and burnt; or take ripe pufi" balls, break them warily, and save the powder. Apply it to the wound, and bind it on. This wiiJ Appendix to Medical Department. 199 «iop it spi-e^r.y ; or take 2 ozs. of brandy; 2 drs. of castile soap; potass, I dr.; scrai'c" the soap fine, and dissolve it in the brandy, add the potas?, mix, and keep well corked. Apply a little of this to a bleeding wound, and tiie blood will immediately congeal. BOILS. — I'oultice the boil and paint it with aqueous extract of opium: (ir tincture of iodine; or the rheumatic liquid; which see. Frequently renew the process every 2 or 3 hours. A piece of liiit soaked in" olive oil may be strapped over the boil if the person la necessitated to do business. An aperient may be proper except in weakness, when it is best to give weak elixir of vitriol and quinine, or give two of the alterative pills night and morning, and the compound decoction of sarsaparilla. If a boil breaks apply the black salv«. Bulls. — Apply a little Venice turpentine; or an equal quantity of soa|) and brown sugar well mixed; or a plaster of honey and flour; or of tigs; or a little saffron in a white bread poultice; or a table-spoon of veast in a glass of water, twice a day. Take an aperient. BLA K EYE.— This is caused by a blow or bruise. If attended with inflammation and pain, wash the eye often with very warm water, in winch is dissolved a little carbonate of soda; or with equal •)arts of tincture of opium and water. If the pain be acute, foment .vith a decoction of stramonium leaves, simmered in spirits. Wash the .jye, and bind on the leaves ; often repeat. Perhaps the best applica- ion is a poultice of slippery elm bark. Mix with milk, and put it on -•^arm. To remove the black color of the eye, bind on a little raw meat; <»r a poultice made of the root of Solomon's seal. Culpepper says, • It is available for bruises, falls, or blows, to dispel the congealed olood, and to take away the pains, and the black and blue marks that dbide after the hurt." The blackness may be concealed by painting \he part with flesh-colored paint. CARBUNCLE.— A carbuncle is a species of boil, but larger, and much more painful. It shows debility in the constitution. Give a inild aperient, rendered tonic by the addition of quinine. Foment the part w ith bitter herbs, or steam it with the same. Linseed meal and slippery elm bark, well boiled, makes an excellent poultice; or of poplar "bark and slippery elm, and a few drops of tincture of myrrh. When tlie ])Oultice is taken oft", wash well with a decoction of bay- berry. The vegetable camtic, and the black salve, are good remedies. Every time the place is dressed, it should be well washed with soap and watei-; or weak tincture of myrrh and water. The diet must be light and nonii.shing. The patient must take exercise in the open air. When tlie tongue indicates no fever give ton'c bitters. Cai biiucle. — A hard, painful circumscribed tumor, co called from carbo, a coal, because the ancients likened the pain it caused to a burn- ing coal in a state of perpetual activity. Symptoms. — Carbuncle commences with a nard, red swelling, which soon becomes of a purple or livid color; the tumor, as it extends, becomes soft; little pimples form on the skin around the centre mass, which soon breaks into small ulcers, from each of which oozes a thin irritating discharge. After some days these small ulcers spread, and uniting, form 3 or 4 large suppurating surfaces, from which the discharge becomes rich and tenacious. Carbuncles more freqnentlv attack the old than the young, and most frequently appear at the luipe of the neck, on the shoulder-blade, between the shoulders, or on the nates or buttocks. A carbuncle difters from a boil in having uo core, and terminating in gangrene, or sloughing, instead of suppur- lOo Appendix to Medical Department^. ation. Wherever they occur, they indicate a low state of vitality, anO a putrescent or typhoid state of the system. Treatment. — A free and deep incision is to he made across the swelling as soon as it begins to point, from above downwards, and another at right angles, from left to right; after the bleeding, which is often considerable, has ceased, the sore is to be poulticed with linseed meal or hot bran, till the sloughing has terminated, and the wound begins to heal. During the early poulticing, and till the car- buncle is opened, a compound colocynth pill should be given every second day, and a dose of the following mixture eveiy six hours, mtb a grain of opium at bed-time, if thei-e be great irritation ; Take of powdered nitre, 3 scrus.; tartar emetic, 4 grs.; mint water, 6 ozs. ; Syrup of saffron, 3 drs. Mix. Two table-spoons for a dose ; if sickness should succeed, only 1 spoon is to be taken. As soon as the incisions have been made the patient's strength is to be kept up by a full diet of animal food, with stout or wine 3 times t day. A pill composed of equal parts of colocynth and blue pill, eveiy second morning, and the following mixture every 4 hours : Take of quassia bark, 1 dr. ; cardamom, seeds, 2 drs. ; canellt. alba bark, 2 dr. ; boiling water, 1 pt. Infuse for 6 hours, strain, and add nitric and muriatic acids, of each 30 drops. Mix. A table-spoop with the same of water, to be sucked through a quill every 4 hours and at bed-time a pill containing 2 grs. of quinine. These means, with a tepid bath, exercise, and a good diet, will restore tone to the system, cause the healthy granulation of the wound, and probablj save the patient from a recurrence of the disease. (See "Boil.") CORNS. — Boil a potato in its skin, and after it is boiled take tlu skin and put the inside of it to the corn, and leave it on for about \% hours. At the end of that period the corn will be much better. Th<» above useful and simple recipe has been tried, and found to effect a remedy. A Positive Cure for Corns.— The strongest acetic acid, applioo night and morning with a camel'fl-hair brush. In one week the com whether soft or hard, will disappear. Corns. — When small, they may be removed by stimulants or escha rotics; as nitrate of silver (lunar caustic), by wetting the corn, an** touching it with a pencil of the caustic every evening; previousij soften the skin by immersing the feet in warm water; or apply » blister the size of a sixpence. Or the following remedies: Apply fresh every morning, the yeast of small beer spread on \ rag ; or, after paring them close, apply bruised ivy-leaves daily, and in fifteen days they will drop out; or, apply chalk powdered and mixed with water, — this also cures warts. Some corns are cured by a pitch plaster. All are grdatly eased by steeping the feet in hot water wherein oatmeal is boiled. This also helps dry and hot feet. Four ounces of white diachlyon plaster, 4 ozs. of shoemakers' wax, and 50 drops of muriatic acid, or spirits of salt. Boil thesr ingredients for a few minute.s in an earthen pipkin, and when cold, roll the mass out between the bands, or upon a marble slab, slightly moistened with olive oil. Rub together in a mortar, 2 ozs. of powdered savine leaves ; % oz. of verdigris, and % oz. of red precipitate. Mix, and put some of it in a linen bag; apply to the corn at bed-time. Some people roast a clove of garlic, and fasten it on with a piect of cloth at the time of going to bed. It softens the corns, f\xy^ re- moves the core in two or three nights" u«ing When the garlic iu b»k»u Appendix to Medical Department. 201 oft, wash the foot with warm water; in a little time the indurated skin that fonns the horny tunic of the corn will disappear. Av^oid tight shoes, hoots, and stockings, to be devoid of corns. Bntlie the feet for 20 or 30 minutes in strong soda water and soft soap. After repeating a few times, the corn may be easily drawn out. If the corn be soft, apply a rag dipped in turpentine. Corns should never be cut without being softened in warm water and soap. Sir Astly Cooper gives the following recipe as an infallible cure : Gum ammonia, 2 ozs. ; yellow wax, 2 ozs.; verdigris, 6 drs. Melt them together, and spread the composition on a piece of soft leather, or linen ; cut away as much of the corn as you can with a knife, before you apply the plaster; renew in a fortnight, if the corn is not gone. A Tiard com should be soaked night and morning in hot water, and scraped. Tincture of iodine, laid on with a camel's-hair brusli twice a day, will remove a hard corn. For a soft corn, the solution of potass should be well rubbed in. Tincture of iodine, 4 drs. ; iodide of iron, 12 grs. ; chloride of antimon}^ 4 drs. Mix and apply, after paring the corn. After bathing the feet and cutting the corns, apply to them a leaf of house-leek, or on^ of ground-ivy, or of purslane, well steeped in vinegar. Renew every evening for a few days. Corn Solvent — Sii H. Davy's. — Potash, 2 parts; salt of sorrel, 1 part. Mix in fine powder. Lay a small quantity on the coi-n for four euccesslve nights, bindii.g it on with rags. METHOD OF CURIKG THE STINGS OF BEES AND WASPS. — The sting of a bee is generally more virulent than that of a wasp, and with some people attended with very violent effects. The stiiig of a bee is barbed at the ^nd, and consequently always left in tiie wound; tliat of a wasp is i>ointed only, so that they can sting more than once, which a bee canr.ot do. When any person is stung by a bee, let the sting, in the first place, be instantly pulled out,- for the longer it remains in the wouad, the deeper it will pierce, owing to its peculiar form, and emit mort, of the poison. The sting is hollow, and the poison flows through it, which is the sole cause of the pain and inflammation. The pulling out of the sting should be done carefully, and with a steady hand ; for if any part of it breaks in, all remedies then, in a great measure, will be inefiectual. When the sting is ex- tracted, suck the wounded part, if possible, and very little inflamma- tion, if any, will ensue. If hartshorn drops are immediately after- wards rubbed on the part, the cure will be more complete. All notions of the efficacy of sweet oil, bruised parsley, burnet, tobacco, etc., appear, on various trials, to be totally groundless. On some people, the sting of bees and wasps has no effect; it is therefore of litl& con- sequence what remedy they apply to the wound. However, the effect of stings greatly depends on the habit of body a person is of; at one time a sting may take little or no eftect, though no remedy is used, which at another time will be very virulent on the same person. We have had occasion to test this remedy several times, and can safely avouch its efficacy. The exposure to which persons are subjected during the hot summer months will, no doubt, render this advice use- ful, its verv simplicity making it more acceptable. THE STING OF A NETTLE can be cured by rubbing the part with rosemarv, mint, or t^age leaves. COUP-DE-SOLIEL— SUNSTROKE.— This sudden and dangerous disease i« very rare in this country, or any part of Europe, but in tropical latitudes is very common, especially among those who do not 202 Appendix to Medical Department. tiike sufflfient care to keep the liead well defended from the vertical ra.vs of the sun. The iittaok is generally so sudden, that the person lias only time to be conscious ot an instantaneous and excruciating pain in tiie liead, before lie sinks insensible to the earth, or on the deck of the ship — struck down as if by an instant apoplexy. TiiK TREATMENT ill such cases is to be guided in a great measure by the age of the patient; bleeding, however, either from the arm or temples, must be immediately adopted, cold lotions applied to the liead, and tiie nape of the neck cupped; the patient, moreover, is to be kept perfectly still, and in a darkened chamber, and the antiplilogistic regimen strictly adopted, and by the exhibition of the following mix- ture, after a dose of calomel and croton oil; take of Epsom salts, 1 oz. ; tartar emetic, 2 grs.; water, 10 07s. j mix. Three table-spoons to be given eery four or six hours, CHAMPS arc irregular spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the whole or difterent parts of the body, causing most severe pain by the knotty and hardened state inio which their fibres are contracted. Though cramp may involve tho greater number of the muscles at once, the parts most generally atfected are those of the feet, legs, thighs, abdomen, and arms. Tlie CAUSE sometimes proceeds from the sudden application of cold to the heated body, damp sheets, wet feet, or wet clothes; the irritation produced on the nervous system by the absorption of lead, arsenic, or other mineral jiuisons, andtheexliaustion on long-continued evacuations, as in ciioleraj from tlie specific action of some animal virus^ as in the bite of vciuimous i-eptiles. and in bathing, from coming in contact with cold springs, and a too lengthened stay In the water. Tkeatment. — Friction will always be found the most valuable means for subduing cramps, whether general or local; and if nothing else can be obtained, the hand alone, or a piece of flannel, if properly used, may be always made of service. Wiien a hot bath can be ob- tained, it should always be employed immediately, and friction used wiiile in the water. For the more local kinds of cramp, an embroca- lion of camphorated oil, turpentine, and spirits of hartshorn is to be employed, rubbed in with the hand in the direction of the muscular t.bres. For the cramps that arise from constitutional causes, tliA remedies ordered under the head of these diseases must be consulted j while for ordinary local cramps, the embrocation prescribed above^ with friction, and bottles of hot water to the feet, will be found to bfl generally sufficient. The only internal remedy demanded is an occa- sional draught, composed of 1 oz. of brandy, 3^ dr. of sal-volatile, 2P» drops of laudanum, 15 drops of ether, and 2 ozs. of water. (See "Convulsions," "ISpasms.") BUMON. — An inflamed and painful swelling of tbe hursa imicosa, or sac containing the oil of the joint, cliiefly situated on the inside of tlie great toe. This disease, if not remedied in time, is certain to lead to a permanent enlargement and disfigurement of the toe. The excit- ing cause is generally a loug-continueci pressure from a tight boot or shoe. Treatment. — This should commence with a warm bran poultice, continued for one or two hours, so as to soften tlie cuticle of the part; a piece of lint, wetted in the extract of lead, is then to be applied, cold, round Uie toe, and tlie lint moistened from time to time with more of the extract. In a tew iionis all inflammation will hove sub- sided, and if care be taken not to repeat the pressure, but use -i large boot, the bunion will be cured. If it be preferred, a couple o( leeches Appendix to Medical Deparhneni. ±0% iiiay be applied, and, after the bleeding, a lotion. But in almost eveiy case, the above treatment once or twice repeated will be certain to effect a cure. When the toe has become enlarged by the thickening of the cartilages, caustic may be rubbed over the part, after the in- rtanimation has been subdued; and when the blackened cuticle peels off, tlie same process may be repeated till absorption has carried off the swelling. A piece of thick buckskin, or agaric, with a hole cut out for the swollen part to come through, and then spread with adhesive plaster, siiould be worn for several days, to take off" all pressure from the toe wnen shoes or boots have to be worn. Buniuu. — A plaster of Burgundy pitch should be kept over a bunion; or a piece of lint or linen rag wetted with a strong solution of sal-ammoniac, to be kept on constantly wet. Poultice them with house-leek and ground-ivy dipped in strong vinegar. Some recom- mend the application of caustic to the part, and also the application of leeches, and the Burgundy pitch and soap plasters spread upon soft leather. To be free from bunions and corns, especially avoid pressure from tight boots, shoes, and stockings; the last are very injurious, as \bey compress the feet by i.heir elasticity. CATARRH. — This coEiprises a cold in the head, or influenza. Both oegin with chilliness, sneering, bad appetite, running at the nose, red tind watery eyes, fever, eti. It is inflammation of the mucous mem- orane of the nostrils, or bronchial passages. Sometimes there is a •slight cough only, and so'netimes a harrassing one. It is caused by exposure to cold or wet, damp, epidemic poison. To cure, let the diet r,e low, drink toast and water, warm gruel, or barley-water acidulated »vith a little lemon or cream-of-tartar. Bathe the feet at bed-time in lot water. Use the vapo? bath, or wrap hot bricks in cloths or flan- nels dipped in vinegar and water, to the feet and sides. Should the ■■.ough be troublesome, take a cough pill or the pulmonary syrup. CHAPPED HANDS.— Rub them night and morning with raw 'Inseed oil. Chapped Hands. — Rub a little glycerine (which can be bought at •iny chemist's), with a little borax, upon your hands at night, and wear (floves in bed. Chapped Hands, etc.— Wash with soft soap, mixed with red sand ; or, wash them in sugar and water; or, apply a little sal-prunello. Chapped Lips.— Clarified honey, a table-spoon ; pour a few drops of rose or lavender water into it. Apply it to the lips often. Or, honey, 1 oz. ; litharge and myrrh, each 3^ oz. ; melt, and perfume; cork well. Chapped Hands and Lips.— The first of these troublesome com- plaints IS most frequently the result of neglect in not sufficiently drying the lianas after washing, and exposing them, in a wet or damp state, to the influence of cold winds, and the action of the weather. Some- times, however, it proceeds from a scrofulous state of the system, or a scorbutic condition of the cuticle. Persons affected by, or Mable to, chapped hands, should be particularly careful always to dry them well after washing, and either smear a little honey on the backs of the hands and fingers on removing them from the water, rubbing it well into the cuticle, and then drying them; or they should, after drying them, effectually dust them with violet powder, so as to absorb any adhering moisture, and close the pores. For chaps the result of a scorbutic state, if the honey is not sufficient to restore the skin to a natural smoothness, the following ointment should be rubbed on every 204 Appendix to Medical Department. night, the hands being afterwards encased in gloves till the momiug: Take of citron ointment, 1 dr.; camphor, powdered, 1 dr.^ white ointment, 6 drs. Mix. Chapped Lips.— Though sometimes the result of cold winds, they far more frequently proceed from the state of the stomach and bowels, and can only be cured by taking a few doses of an aperient pill or mixture, and the nightly application of a cerate made by rubbing a drachm of camphor with 2 drachms of white or spermaceti ointment. CANC£R. — A cancer is a hard, indolent tumor, usually seated in some of the glands, as the arm-pits, eye, nose, lips, tongue, womb, and liie female breast; the two last are most subject to it. It affects the aged more than the young, and may exist for years. It commences with a sniiill, hard tumor, increasing slowly, and attended with acute shooting pains; sooner or later ulceration sets in. The discharge is so acrid as to inflame the part with which it comes in contact. The place where cancer occurs assumes a purplish appearance previous to its ulceration. Ulceration gives ease for a time, but the cancer penetrates deeper, and spreads wider, corrupting the stream of life, and reducing to the greatest debility, and often terminating in death. To CURE, remove debility, and improve the general health. Reg ulate the bowels, and give an emetic. Give a vapor bath made of bitter herbs, as camomile, hops, catnip, tansy, etc., and boiling watei and vinegar. Occasionally rub the whole surface of the body with th* following liniment: Cayenne, 1 tea-spoon; salt, 2 table-spoons; poui upon tlieni "% pt. of boiling water; infuse 3 hours, and then add y^ pt. of boiling water ; infuse 1 hour longer, stirring occasionally Steaming with the bitter herbs, combined as above, allaj's the pain, swelling and inflanmiation. The following pills will be of much use Blood-root, l^dr.; extract of dandelion, 3 drs.: lobelia seed, 1 dr., cayenne, 1 dr. ; senna, in powder, 1 dr. : add 3 drops of oil of mint, and form into pills These pills will be found very efficacious in the cure of jaundice, and liver complaints. Citric acid will relieve the pain of cancers. Dr. Brandini, o» Flovence, had a patient, aged 71, afflicted with cancer on the tongue An operation could not be made, for the affection was too extensive investing the base, the sub-lingual, and the sub-maxillary glands. Ir I he midst of his pain, the poor man asked for a lemon. It abated tht pain; and the next day it gave him still greater relief. This led tht doctor to try citric acid; 4 gis. of the acid, in 1 oz. of water; andthia as a gargle, entirely carried off the pain, and reduced the swelling ol tlie tongue very much. The doctor tried the .«ame remedy on a female with an ulcerous cancer on tiie breast, deemed incurable. Her tor- ments were so great, that neither she nor the otlier patients could get any rest. He applied a pledget of lint soaked in the above solution, and the relief was instantaneous. It was repeated with the same suc- cess. Thus citric acid promises to be a great boon to mankind. Citiic acid is prepared from lemons. Externally apply the following : Simmer cicuta leaves till thej are soft, then mix them with slippery elm bark, to form a poultice, apply morn and night. It is valuable. Or apply the irritating plaster, for a continual discharge must be kept up, as the patient is able to bear it. Tiie douch bath has been recommended, and doubtless it ha.-; had a good effect in many cases. Tlie following applications are useful : Cayenne and lobelia seed, equal quantities, powdered; meadow fern and balm of gilead buds, of each 3 ozs. (these two steeped ii Appendix to Medical Department. 205 •nirits for five or six days, and made into ointment, with lard suffi- cient.) Unite the whole as a paste, and apply to the cancer, covering with a cloth. When the plaster is taken off, wash with soap-suds. Or burn a quantity of red oak bark to ashes, and n^ake into lye. Boil the lye till it becomes as tliick as honey. Then apply constantly. Such preparations, by their stimulating and relaxing properties, excite a preternatural discharge, or cause a sloughing of the ulcer, and thus remove or lessen it. Use one of these ointments principally, the Black Salve occasionally, and after much discharge, dress with an emollient ointment. This treatment has effected numerous cures. (See ''Black Salve.") A decoction of narrow-leaved dock-root has been found to produce rare effects Saturated cloths with the same may also be applied. Or the root may be powdered, and made into an ointment with lobelia seeds powdered. Cancer Plaster.— White oak bark, 4 oz. ; bruise it well, and add urine sufficient to cover it Infuse four days, boil it till it becomes as thick as molasses. Add 3 ozs. of honey, and 2 ozs. of strained tur- Eentine gum. To make this plaster caustic, add 2 drs. of white vitriol, pread on soft leather, or linen. It may be applied to all kinds of ulcers, white swellings. For cancers it is invaluable. Cancer. — Use the cold bath. This has cured manj\ A bleeding cancer was cured by drinking twice a day a quarter of a pint of the juice of clivers, or goose grass, and covering the wound with the bruised leaves. Another by the following recipe : Take % pt. of small beer. When it boils, dissolve in it 1)^ ozs. of bees-wax; then put in 1 oz. of hog's lard, and boil them together. When it is cold, pour the beer from it, and apply it spread on white leather. Renew it every other day. It brings out great blotches, which are to be washed with sal-prunello dissolved in warm water. If it be not broken, apply a piece of sheet lead beat very thin, and pricked full of pin-holes, for days or weeks to the breast. Purges should be added every third or fourth day. Or, rub the whole breast morning and evening with spirits of hartshorn mixed with oil. Or, keep it continually moist with honey. COLD. — Never neglect a cold. It may be the forerunner of some aisease difficult to cure. Consumption often follows a neglected cold. A cold is caused by the loss of heat, and a decrease of nervous energj'^, causing an obstruction of the perspiration. To remove a cold, restore the perspiration. Take a decoction of the sudorific herbs, as catnip, pennyroyal, yarrow, or angelica. Take tlie composition powder (which see). Place the feet in warm water before going to bed, and put a bottle of water to the feet, wrai>ped in cloth wet with vinegar and water. Give a basin of hot gruel, and let the patient oft drink of the herb tea. Repeat this treatment, if nec- essary. If the throat is sore, wet some hops in hot vinegar, put in cloth, and wrap around the neck. If the cough is troublesome, use some of the cough remedies. (See "Cough.") Or, take linseed, 1 cup ; raisins, 4 ozs. ; licorice in stick, 2 penny- worth ; soft water, 2 qts. ; simmer till reduced to 1 qt. ; add 4 ozs. of sugar candy, 1 tablo-^poon of old rum, and 1 of good vinegar, or lemon juice. Add the rum and vinegar as the decoction is taken. Take a cupful two or three times a day. The patient should lie in bed a day or two. Cold in the Head. — M. Farn, a Belgiam physician, says, a cold may often be arrested by a brisk friction of the back of th« head with 2o6 Appendix to Medical Department, some stimulant lotion, as lavendei- water, sal-volatile, e(c An»y also a similar rubbing, two or three times a week, will pv'^vem; the "catchiug" of a cold bj' those who are liable to da go from slight causes. Cold— To Avoid Catcliing. — Accustom yourself to the use of sponging with cold water every morning on tirst getting out of bed, followed with a good deal of I'ubbing with a wet towel. It has con- siderable ell'ect in giving tone to the skin, and maintaining a proper action in it, and proves a safeguard to the injurious influence of cold and sudden change of temperature. Sir Astley Cooper said, "The methods by which I have preserved my own health are — temperance, early rising, and sponging the body every morning with cold water, immediately after getting out of bed; a practice which 1 have adopted for thirty years without ever catching cold." Cold, A, To Cure. — The following plan is verj^ effectual in curing most colds, but not all : Let a man eat next to nothing for two days, provided he is not confined to bed, fox by taking no carbon into the system by food, and by consuming the surplus which caused his dis- ease, by breath, he soon carries off Lis disease by removing the cause. This will be found more effectual if he adds copious water draughts to the protracted fasting. By the time a person has fasted one day and night, he will experience a freedom from disease, and a clearness of mind, in a delightful contrast wich mental stupor, and physical pain caused by colds. Or take 1 handful of yarrow, Y^ an oz. of ginger root, bruised, or 1 tea-spoon of cayenne pepper, and about 3 pts. of Avater. Boil to 1 pt. Add a little sugar if you like. Take a good dose at bed-time, and your cold will be cured by the next morning; if not, repeat the dose. Cold is a mere relative term, and signifies a less degree of heat, or the absence of a d«finite amount of caloric. In this sense the terra is chiefly confined to the science of chemistry. Cold, regarded as a substance, either in the form of snow, ice, or water at a low degree ot temperature, is sometimes used as a valuable agent in the treatment of disease. When employed to reduce inflammatory action, or lower the temperature of the body or a part of the frame, other articles, such as ether and vinegar, are employed — though hot and stimulating ii> tliemselves — to produce cold, or suddenly reduce the temperature of a part, by the action of evaporation. Cold, A. — A conventional term used generally to express an ab- normal condition of the system, analagous to a mild form of influenza, catarrh, or some affection of the respiratory organs or air-passages, accompanied with moie or less of hoarseness, running at the nose and eyes, headache, and general lassitude and debility. See "Catarrh." Cold in the Head. — This is a local form of what may be called an attack of infinenza, and without materially afl'ecting the general health, is very frequently a most distressing form of indisposition. The symptoms are a fullness and oppression of the head, hot and bloodshot eyes, effusion of teais, discharge of thin mucus from the nose, with sore throat and a contraction of the scalp. The treatment of a cold, whether attended with constitutional symptoms, sucli as shivering and diminished secretions, or simply confined to the head, is nearly the same in all cases. This should begin with a warm bath, taken about eight o'clock at night, with a free use of the flesh-brush during the five minutes allowed in the water, followed an hour after by a powder composed of jxiwdered nitre, 8 grs. ; opium and ipecacu- anha, of each 1 gr. ; and succeeded, in half an hour later, by a basin Appendix to Medical Department. 207 I., hnt ^ruel — the patient, by immediately going to bed, and by extra c;uth«)fci, eiideavoring to get into a copious perspiration. Wlien tlae bath is inconvenient, a pail of hot water should be carried to the bed- side, and when the invalid is undressed, the feet and as much of the legs as can be reached should be hastily plunged up and down three or four times in the hot water, till the limbs appear of a bright red; the water being made as hot as it can be endured without pain. The limbs are then to be hastily enveloped — undried — in a blanket, and the^ patient, getting into bed, just before lying down should drink half a' pint of egg-flip. Wiien the throat is particularly sore, a small piece of sal-pruiiello or of Spanish juice may, in addition to the other means, be placed in the mouth on finally lying down for the night. In most cases the above simple means will be found sufficient, if the water has been hot enough to cause a determination of blood to the feet, and predispose the body to the action of the powder, or the flip, on the skin. When the symptoms are aggravated, and do not yield to the first means, the feet slionld be immersed on the following evening in hot water, and the following powder taken before the gruel : Take ^f Dover's powder, 10 gis. ; antimonial powder, 4 grs. Mix. COLIC. — This is a spasmodic affection of the bowels, especially of .tie colon. It begins with great pain in the bowels, especially just ijnder the navel, nauseo, retching, and vomiting. The pain is of a sharp, twisting character, very distressing. This affiection is caused fly wind, disagreeing food, acrid bile, obstinate costiveness, worms, •«xious metallic vapors, etc. Flatulent Colic. — Give a tea-cup of the anti-spasmodic tincture^ m a cup of peppermint tea; or a tea-spoon of Turkey rhubai'b, and one of magnesia, with a ]iinch of cayenne pepper ; this will often iftord relief. Apply fomentations or friction to the abdomen. If the Dowels are not operated upon, give castor oil, 3^ oz,; add also a simple injection. The Bilious Colic is more severe. It is known from the former oy a bitter taste in the mouth, great thirst, fever, vomiting of bilious (ftiatter, headaclie, and great costiveness. The remedies must be the eame, but stronger and brisker. The neutralizing mixture must not Oe forgotten ; give also the stimulating injection. Colic, Bilious.— Drink warm lemonade. I know nothing like it. Or, give a spoonful of sweet oil every hour. This cured one at the point of death. Colic. — Drink strong camomile and ginger tea ; or, from 30 to 40 drops of oil of anise-seed; or, apply outvvai"dly a bag of hot oats, or bran ; or, steep the legs in hot water; or, take as much Daffy's Elixir {is will purge. Very effectual. Colic Ball lor Horses. — Powdered opium, % dr.; Castile soap and camphor, of each 2 drs. ; cayenne pepper, 1 dr.; ginger, 1 dr. Make into a ball with licorice powder and molasses. If the horse is consti- pated as well, add to the ball 5 or 6 drops of croton oil. Colic. — Tliere are few diseases attended with more pain and incon- venience than this comparatively harmless affection ; for though its symptoms are veiy urgent and even severe, colic very seldom proves fatal. Physicians have made almost as many varieties of colic, with a distinctive name to each variety, as there are symptoms to the dis- ease. Avoiding this unnecessary confusion of terms, we shall confine our remarks to common colic only. Cadsp:s of Comrmn Volic.—Th9 esciti«g causes are e«tee*n«ly 2o8 Appendix to Medical Department. numerous, and may be either external or internal. Of the first, tb^ sudden application of a wet or damp portion of clothing next the skir-' of tlie abdomen, cold or wet feet, or unbuttoning the coat when vio- lently heated, and admitting cold air to the part, are among the most general of the external causes inducing this disease. The internal are either from partaking of too much unripe or acid fruit, from an accumidation of undigested food in the stomach, acid drinks, an excess of bile in the system, crude vegetable aliment, the eating'of poisonous fungi, worms, and from a long costive state of the bowels. Symptoms.— These consist of an enlarged condition of the lower l)art of the abdomen, with a retraction or drawing In of the navel, accompanied bv an extremely painful twisting and twining motion ot the bowels, with a rumbling," flatulent noise, sickness, and sometimes vomiting; and as the hardness and distension of the belly increases, cramps or spasms occur, either in the abdominal muscles, or in those of the thighs and less. Tiie only diseases with which colic can be confounded are cholera and inflammation of the bowels. From the first it is distinguished by the absence of diarrhea; and from the last by the pain being relieved by ])ressure; and finally, from all painful affections of the abdomei*. by the twisting pain at the navel. TRE.vrMENT. — In all cases, and from whatever cause the attaci' has been induced, the first exertions shoidd be directed to subduing the pain. For this purpose the feet should be plunged into hot water, and the front of the abdomen fomented with flannels wrung out of hot water and turpentine, and the following mixture, preceded by ae assafoetida pill, given immediately : Take of spirits of camphor, 20 drops; laudanum, 40 drops; water, 1 oz.; mix, and add castor oil, (> drs. The whole to be taken at once. If the pain is not relieved within a reasonable time, an injectioL of half a pint of warm gruel, to which 1 dr. of tincture of assafoetida and 2 drs. of turpentine have been added, should, about two houi^ after tlie pill and oil, be thrown up the bowels, the fomentation co'> tinned to the stomach, and the feet kent hot with heated bricks. Whe« tlie pains and spasms are excessive, inflammation of the bowels nia> be apprehended, and, indeed, sometimes does ensue; in which case i is often necessary to bleed, though the same result can be obtainei.. without the consequent debility, by giving doses of the following mixture till the pulse is reduced and the pain abated. Take of cam phor water, 8 ozs. ; powdered nitre, 2 scrs. ; tartar emetic, 4 grs. ; laud- aniun, 2 drs.; mix. Two table-spoons to be given every hour foi three doses, and repeated every four hours afterwards, if required. As soon as the colic pains have been subdued, it will be necessary to give either a dose of carbonate of soda, or magnesia and soda, if add in the stomach has caused the attack; a mild dose of colocjTith pills if it has been from costiveness; or a blue and colocynth pill if from an excess of bile; or whatever remedy the primary cause of the disease ma}' seem to call for. Colic is genci-ally confined to that portion of the large iutestint called the arch of tlu; colon, and is purely a functional disorder. CHILBLAINS. — To cure chilblains, simply bathe the parts affected in the water in which potatoes have been boiled, as hot as can be borne. On the first appearance of this ailment, indicated 1:y inflam- mation and irritation, this bath aftbrds r- tives. It should be near the sea coast, and slieltered from the north- erly winds; the soil siiould be dry; the drinking water pure; the mean temperature about G0°, with a range of not more than 10° or 15" on eitiier side. It is not easy to fix any degree of humidity ; but extremes of dryness or of moisture are alike injurious. It is of importance, hi selecting a localitj^ that the scenery should be enticing Appendix to Medical Department. 213 «o that the patient may be the more encouraged to spend his time out of doors in walking, or riding exercise ; and a town where the resi- dences are isolated and scattered about, and where drainage and cleanliness are attended to, is preferable to one where the houses are densely packed, however small the population. A sea-voyage is sometimes reconmiended in incipient consumption. This is often followed by a total suspension, or removal of the disease,^ in cases where it is judiciously recommended. Short voyages aref often more injurious than beneficial. To a delicate person going out to India, a voyage around the Cape is of great benefit ; but the most serviceable voyage is one to Australia, New Zeeland, and back again. The great advantage is the enjoyment of a perpetual summer, which may be effected by leaving this country about the beginning or mid- He of October, and returning before the cold weather sets in at the antipodes. Consumption.— One in a deep consumption was advised to drink aothing but water, and eat nothing but water gruel, without salt or 5ugar. In three months' time he was quite well. Tako no food but new buttermilk, churned in a bottle, and white >read. I have known this successful ; or use as common drink, spring ■water and new milk, each 1 qt., and sugar candy, 2 ozs. ; or boil 2 uandfuls of sorrel in 1 pt. of whey, sti^in it, and drink a glass thrice •4 day ; or turn a pt. of skimmed milk with J^ pt. of small beer. Boil in this whey about 20 ivy-leaves, and 2 or 3 sprigs of hyssop. Drink half over night, the rest in the morning. Do this if needful, for 2 months daily. This has cured in a desperate case. Tried ; or avery morning cut a little turf of fresh earth, and laying down, breathe in the hole for a quarter of an hour; or take in for a quarter of an hour, morning and evening, the steam of white resin and bees- ,vax, boiling on a hot fire-shovel. This has cured one who was in the ihird stage of consumption; or take morning and evening a tea- spoon of white resin powdered and mixed with honey. This cured one in less than a month, who was near death ; or drink thrice a day 2 spoons of juice of water cresses. This has cured a deep consump- tion. In the last stage, suck a healthy woman daily. This has cured my father. For diet, use milk and apples, or water gruel, made with fine flour. Drink cider whey, barley water, sharpened with lemon juice, or apple water. So long as the tickling cougli continues, chew ivell, and swallow a mouthful or two of biscuit or crust of bread twice a day. If you cannot swallow it, spit it out. This will always shorten the fit, and would often prevent a consumption. Consumption.— Useful Drink for.— Colt'sfoot, 2 ozs. ; horehound, rue, of each 1 oz. ; and blood-root, 3 drs. Boil in 3 qts. of water down to 2 qts. Strain, and to the li(iuor, add of figs ami sugar, of each 4 ozs , and boil 1.5 minutes. Take a wine glass 3 or 4 times a day. CONVULSIONS.— In Children.— Tiiey originate in some derange- ment or irritation of the bowels, stomach, brain, or from teething Give an aperient, as magnesia and rluibarb, and a warm bath at about 90°, and apply to the head linen dipped in the water. The following powdt-r is useful : -,,,,. Rhubarb in powder, 8 grs.; super-sulphate of potash, 12 grs. Mix. Give also a little syrup of poppies. If aperients cannot be taken give a mild injection ; as a little epsom salts in barley gruel, with a little but- ter; or a weak solution of salt and water, with a few drops of oil, or butter. Convulsions often arise from over-feeding; this must be avoided. 214 Appendix to Medical Department If indigestible food has been taken, give an emetic, the wine of ipec»c- uanha; or if the patient cannot be sufiiciently roused from sleep, so as to take the ometic, tickle the back part of tlie inc -ntn with a feather to produce the cilect. If the convulsions are obstinate, apply friction along the spine, when in the bath ; or out of it, rub the spine with an anodyne com- posed of 10 drops of laudanum, 10 drops of oil, ana 6 drops of tincture of cayenne. Mustard plasters may be applied a minute or two to the legs and feet. If convulsions are caused by teething, the gums must be lanced a little. CHOLERA. — A compound of two Greek words, chole, bile, and rein^ to flow. Its literal meaning is, a discharge of bile. But the word cholera designates that dreadful Asiatic disease which is so very fatal. In this disease, the secretion of bile is suspended, and the evacuations are entirely free from it. Therefoi-e there aio two species of cholera — the English^ and the Asiatic. The English Cholera, or Bilious Diarrhea, attacks suddenly, with nausea, purging and vomiting; sometimes painful colicky griping in the bowels. The evacuations arc thin and watery, and at last become very bilious, the color sometimes green, at other times approximatinj; to black, indicating vitiated bile caused by unhealthy secretions duriiig its passage through the alimentary canal. If the disease is not \q- strained, the vomiting, retching, and spasmodic pain increases, accom- panied with cramp in the legs, and muscles of the abdomen. Coldnesti of the extremities, cold sweats, and fainting sometimes occur. Some- times this disease ends in death, especially with old and delicatb subjects. But in this country it is seldom fatal. It is caused by intemperance, by a vitiated atmosphere, by eating unwholesome food, and unripe fruits. In the treatment of it, it is necessary to neutralize the acid, vitiated or acrid bile, and produce a determination to the surface. As soon as the symptoms appear, givt> the Neutralizing Mixture (which see), if vomited, repeat tlie dose,an(* it will soon produce a beneticial effect, subduing the irritation, nausea vomiting, and passing through the aliuientary canal, changing its cod tents to the most healthy state. It is useful to bathe the feet in ho' water and salt, and when the disease is violent, to give a vapor bath and to check the vomiting, salt in vinegar or brandy. To allay tht pain, foment the belly and breast with the following : Cayenne pepper, ^ oz. ; spirits of wine, 3^ pt. ; vinegar, 1 gill Simmer a few minutes; then add 1 tea-spoon of tincture of opium, and- 2 table-spoons of turpentine. Apply flannels dipped in it warm to the stomach. Hops and cam- omile flowers simmered in vinegar, make an excellent fomentation. The drink should be toast and water. Milk thickened with arrow-root, tapioca, sago, or slippery elm, may be taken a? food. In the Asiatic Cholera, there is a total suppression of bile, and a profuse cold, clammy sweat over the body; the cramps become fearful, the stomach and bowels are emptied by vomit, etc., and exhaustion becomes apparent, giddiness, deafness, sinking of the eyes and nostrils, blucness of the skin, lips and nails; weakness of voice, etc., are often fatal symptoms. To cure the same, as for English cholera, but more active. Giv»i the Neutralizing Mixture ; and this inj('ction : Bogberry, 3 drs. ; scullcap, 1 dr.; siippery elm, 1 dr.; boiling water, 3^ pt. Infuse ten minutes; then add 2 tea-spoons of tincture of myrrh, 8 drops of laudanum, and 1 tea-spoon of carbonate of soda. Appendix to Medical Department. ilg Foment as \a English cholera, or with the Bheumatic Liniment. Apply as hot as possible. Apply also friction to the limbs; or ai)ply hot bricks, -wraiypecl in vinegar cloths, to the feet, legs, and sides. Give a tea-spoon of tlie Anti-Cholera Drops every half hour. The following Anti-Cholera Mixture is a sovereign remedy : Tormentil root, 1 oz. ; bayherry bark, 1 oz. ; cayenne pepper, 34 oz.; carbonate of soda, ^ oz. Simmer forty minutes in 3 pts. of water, down to 1 qt. Strain, and add tincture of myrrh, 2 ozs., and 1 dr. of camphor, dissolved in spirits of wine. In the tirst attack of cholera, give a wine-glass; place the feet in hot salt and water, or mustard and water, and repeat the mixture every twenty minutes, and apply mustard plaster, and the hop poultice to the stomach. Rub freely the cramped and drawn parts of the body with boiled cayenne pepper and vinegar; and the efl'ects will in most cases appear like magic. Such treatment has cured thousands upon thou- sands. Cholera in Infants is treated in the same way as English cholera, aut in a milder and more restricted manner. Cholera.— Its Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment.— The following clear and comprehensive description of the cholera symptoms, with the mode of treatment found most efficacious last year by the missionaries in Turkey, was contributed to the Christian Mirror a few months since by Dr. Hamlin, an American missionary of thirty or forty years' standing, at Constantinople. We commend it to the public as the best article of the kind that has been published. So valuable indeed has it been regarded, that it has just been Issued in a neat little pamphlet, just large enough to go nicely into a pocket-book or a person's vest pocket, Henry Hoyt, of Boston, being the publisher in this form. It would be well for every one to keep a copy constantly with him dur- ing the cholera season, besides having the medicines prescribed where they will be readily accessible in case of need. Mr. Hamlin says : Having been providentially compelled to have a good degree of practical acquaintance with it, and to see it in all its forms and stages during each of its invasions of Constantinople, I wish to make to my friends in America some suggestions which may relieve anxiety, or be of practical use. On the approach of the cholei-a, every family should be prepared to treat it without waiting for a physician. It does its work so expe- ditiouslj', that while you are waiting for the doctor it is done. If you ])repare for it, it will not come. I think there is no disease which may be avoided with so much certainty as the cholera. But providential circumstances, or the tliouglitless indiscretions of some member of a household may invite the attack, and the challenge will never be refused. It will probably be made in the night, your physi- cian has been called in another direction, and you must treat the ca.se yourself or it will be fatal. Causes of Attack. — I have personally investigated at least one hundred cases, and not less than three-fourths could be traced directly to improper diet, or to intoxicating drinks, or to both united. Of the remainder, supi)ressed ijerspiration would comprise a large nnmber. A strong, healthy, temperate, laboring man had a severe attack of cholera, and after the danger had passed I was curious to ascertain the cause. He had been cautious and jjrudent in his diet. He used noth- ing intoxicating. His residence was in a good locality. But after some hours of hard labor and very profuse perspiration, he had lain down to take hrs cusiqvnary liap right against an open window, through 2i6 Appendix to Medical Department. which a very refreshing breeze was hloiv(/,' inciting causes. If one can avoid all these, he is as safe from the cholera as from being swept away by a comet. Symptoms of an Attack. — While cholera is pi-evalent in a place, almost every one experiences more or less disturbance of digestion. It is doubtless in part imaginary. Every one notices the slightest varia- tion of feeling, and this gives an importance to mere trilles. There is often a slight nausea, or transient pains, or rumbling sounds, when no attack follows. No one is entirely free from these. But when diarrhea commences, though painless and slight, it is in reality the skirmishing party of the advancing column. It will have at first no single characteristic of Asiatic cholera. But do not be deceived. It is tJie cholera, nevertheless. Wait a little, give it time to get hold, say to yourself, "I feel perfectlj'' well, it will soon pass off," and in a short time you will repent of your folly in vain. I have seen many a one commit suicide in this way. Sometimes, though rarel3% th^ attack commences with vomiting, But in whatever way it commences, it is sure to hold en. In a very few hours the patient may sink into tlie c^ . apse. The hands and feet become cold and purplish, the countenance at first nervous and anx- ious, becomes gloomy and apathetic, although a mental restlessnesiA and raging thirst torment the sufterer wliile the powers of life are ebbing. The intellect remains clear, but all the social and moral feel- ings seem wonderfully to collapse with tho physical powers. The patient knows he is to die, but cares not a snap about it. In some cases, though rarely, the diarrhea continues for a daj'' or two, and the foolish person keeps about, then suddenly sinks, sends for a physician, and before he arrives "dies as the fool dieth." Treatment. — For stopping the incipient diarrhea. — The mixtura which I used in 1848 with great success, and again in 1855, has during this epidemic been used bj"- thousands, and although the attacks have been more sudden and violent, it has fully established its reputation for efficiency and perfect safety It consists of equal parts by measure of (1) laudanum and spirits of camphor; (2) tincture of rhubarb. [Opii Tinctura, 1 dr.; Camphorffle Tinct., 1 dr.; Rhei Tinct., 2 dr. ; Misce.] In an adult, 30 drops on a lump of sugai- will often check the diarrhea. But to i^revent its return, care should always be taken to continue the medicine every four iionrs in diminishing doses, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, when careful diet is all that wi)l be needed. In case the first does not stay the diarrhea, continue to give in increasing doses 35, 40, 45, 60, at every movement of the bowels. Large doses will produce no injury while the diarrhea lasts. When that is chocked, then is the time for caution. I liave never seen a ease of diarrhea taken in season wliich was not thus controlled, but some cases of advanced diarrhea, and especially of relapse, paid no heed to it whatever. As soon as this becomes apparent, 1 have always resorted to this course : Prepare a tea-cup of starch boiled as for use in starch- ing linen, and stir into it a full tea-spoon of laudanum, for an injec- tion. Give one-third at each movement of the bowels. In one des- perate case, abandoned as hopeless by a pliysician, I could not stop the diarrhea until the seventh injection, which contained nearly a tea- spoon of laudanum. The patient recovered and is in perfect health. At the same time I used prepared chalk in 10-grain doses, with a few drops of laudanum and camphor to each. But whatever course is Appendix to Medical X>epartment. 317 pursued It must be followed up, and the diarrhea controlled, or the patient is lost. Mustwrd Poultices. — These should be applied to the pit of the stomach, and kept on till the surface is well reddened. The patient, however well lie may feel, should rigidly observe perfect rest. To He quietly on the back is one-half the battle In that position the ensn.y fires over you, but the minute you rise you are hit. When the atta'ik comes in the form of diarrhea, these directions will enable every one to meet it successfully. But when the attack is more violent, and there is vomiting, or vomiting and purging, perhaps also cramps and colic pains, the follow- ing mixture is far more effective and should always be resorted to. The missionaries Messrs. Long, Trowbridge and Washburn have used it in very many cases and with wonderful success. It consists of equal parts of laudanum, tincture of capslciun, tincture of ginger, and tincture of cardamon seeds. Dose. — 30 to 40 drops, or 3^ a tea-spoon in a little water, and to bo inci-eased according to tlie urgency of the '.ase. In case the first dose should be ejected, the second, which should stand ready, should be given immediately after the spasm of vomiting las ceased. During this late cholera siege, no one of us failed of jontrolli ng the vomiiing and also the purging by, at most, the third lose. Wg have, however, invariably made use of large mustard poul- ,ices of strong, pure mustard, applied to the stomach, bowels, calves ♦f the legs, feet, etc., as the case seemed to require. Collapse. — This is simply a more advanced stage of the disease, ft indicates the gradual failing of all the powers of life. It is difiicult f,o say when a case has become hopeless. At a certain point the body )f the patient- begins to emit a peculiar odor which I- call the death idor, for when that has become decided and unmistakable, I have .lever known the patient to recover. I liave repeatedly worked upon iuch cases for hours with no permanent result. But the blue color, f-he cold extremities, the deeply sunken eye, the vanishing pulse, are ao signs that the case i^ hopeless. Scores of such cases in the recent (jpidemic have recovered. In addition to the second mixture, brandy (a table-spoon every In) If hour), bottles of hot water surrounding the patient, especially the extremities, mustard plasters, and friction, will often in an hour or two work wonders. Thirst. — In these and in all advanced cases thirst creates Intense suffering. The sufferer craves water, and as sure as he gratifies the craving the worst symptoms return, and he falls a victim to the tran- sient gratification. The only safe way is to have a faithful friend or attendant, who will not heed his entreaties. The suttering may be, however, safely alleviated and rendered endurable. Frequent gurg- '.ing the throat and washing out the mouth will bring some relief. A spoonful of gum arable water, or of camomile tea, may frequently be given to wet the throat. "Sydenham's White decoction" may also be given, both as a beverage and nourishment, in small quantities, fre- quently. In a day or two the suftering from thirst will cease. In a Urge majority it has not been intense for more than 24 hours. i>te^.— Rice-wat*r, arrow-root, Sydenham's White Decoction, crust water, camomile tea, are the best articles for a dav or two after the attack is controlled. Camomile is very valuable in restoring the tone of the stomach. The Typhmd Fever. — A typhoid state for a few daj's will follow all severe cas««. There is nothing alarming in this. It has very rarely atg Appendix to Medical Department. proved fatal. Patience and careful nursing will bring it all rigiit. The greatest danger is from drinking too freely. When the patient seemed to be sinking, a little brandy and water or arrow-root and brandy have revived him. In this terrible visitation of the cholera, we have considered ourselves perfectly armed and equipped, with si hand-bag containing mixture No. 1, mixture No. 2, (for vomiting, etc.,) a few pounds of powdered mustard, a bottle of brandy, a paper of camomile flowers, and a paper of gum arable. I lay no claim to originality in recommending this course of treat- ment, and have adopted it from suggestions of able and experienced physicians. Having been the only doctor of many poor families living near me, I have tried various remedies recommended, but I have found none to be at all compared with the above. During the recent cholera I-cannot find that any treatment has been so successful as this. Contagion. — The idea of contagion should be abandoned. Ail the missionaries who have been most with the most malignant cases flay after day, are fully convinced of the non-contagiousness of tue chol- era. The Incipient attacks which all have suffered from are to be attributed to great fatigue, making the constitution liable to an at' DEATH, TESTS OF. — By this term is understood that eonditiot of the animal frame when all the functions which constitute the my» tery of life cease to act, and the organized tissues, no longer suppo/tecl in their integrity bv the vital stimulus, run rapidly into decay. Ooatb is indicated by a universal coldness of the body; by a partially upeu mouth, closed eyelids, and sunken eyes ; by an extreme pallor oi the face, sometimes showing a yellow or greenish hue; by a livldiiy ol the lips and orbits, and by an extreme flaccidity of all the iv/int«. This suppleness of the joints, however, only endures for a very brlet time, except in some cases of poisoning, being. succeeded, in a period varying, according to circumstances, from two to six hours, by a gen eral rigidity or stiffening of all the muscular fibres, and by a tension of the ligaments, by which the body becomes, in a measure, ono firn. and indurated mass. This remarkable rigidity, common to all anima: fibre, is professionally known an the rigor mortis, or the stiffening ot death. As the flaccidity which follows immediate dissolution is but ol brief duration, being succeeded by stiffening, so the rigor mortis is als( but of limited continuance, and though longer in its endurance .that the first, in its turn gives way on the approach of decomposition, and as decay sets in, the rigid fibre gives place to the relaxed and clammj muscle, till final corruption leaves no vestige of the once tense corpse. The means that have been adopted to discover if anj^ spark of life remains in an apparently dead body consist in testing in various ways the respiratory powers, and the nervous susceptibility of the person supposed to be dead. The fiist consi.^ts in applying a very downy feather to the lips, or a looking-glass over the mouth. If one of the filaments of the feather is stirred, or the slightest obscura- tion or dimness is cast on the mirror, it is held to be an evidence that respiration still exists. Another test formerly known was placing the body on the back, and standing a glass brimful oi water on th. ex- posed chest, and carefully noting if any motion in the fluid was per- ceptible, as the heaving of the chest, liowever slight, in the act of respiration, would agitate or displace the water. The fumes of st-ong ammonia held to the nose, and tlie tickling the nostrils with feaUxers, were also means at one time employed to impart hope or to confirm the fears of the mourners. However ingenious such tests were, aiv.) Appendix to Medical Department. 219 satisfactory in many cases, there are diseases of the neiTors system vvhere death is bo closely simulated, that such means would fail to realize any favorable results. Among tha most certain and reliable signs of death are — the firm- ness of the muscles of the fallen jaw; the oi"awn-in nostrils, and the livid hue on the lips and around the eyes ; and though in some cases of poisoning there is no rigor mortis, in general it may be regarded as infallible. When discoloration — the first sign of decomposition — sets in, all further fear of a premature interment may cease, and the body be safely buried ; these marks usually begin on the fingers, near the nails, and with the toes and feet. In cases of sudden ccath, where there are reasons to believe the case to be only one of suspended ani- mation, hot bottles are to be applied to the feet, legs, and arm-pits ; heated tiles placed under the spine, and friction with the hand used over the body, with electricity, and such means adopted as are advised in Drowning (which see), Lightning, Starvation, Exposure to Cold, etc. In such cases, the treatment must be persevered in for six, eight, or ten hours, and, as soon as convenient, either some weak brandy and water or beef tea thrown Into the system by the stomach-pump or the enema syringe. A DIABETES.— Drink wine, boiled with ginger, as much and as often as your strength will bear. Let your drink be milk and water. All milk meats are good ; or, drink three or four times a day a quarter of a pint of alum posset, putting 3 drs. of alum to 4 pts. of milk. It seldom fails to cure in eight or ten days ; or, infuse % oz. of cantharides in a pint of elixir of vitriol. Give from ten to thirty drops in Bristol water twice or thrico a day. DROPSY. — From the Greek, udor, water, and opsis, an appearance. It denotes the effusion of water, or rather serous fluid into any cavity of the body, or into the cellular tissues under the skin. It is indicated by distension of the belly, diflScult breathing, dry skin, immoderate thirst, a dry cough, swelling of the feet and legs, deficient urine, and deficient perspiration. Dropsy is a symptom of disease, rather than itself a disease, and generally the original cause is a morbid change in one or more of the principal organs of the body, the heart, liver, or kidneys. It ie caused by a loss of vitality in the capillary exhalents of the blood vessels, by which they are deprived ol their elasticity or contractility, consequent upon the loss of the electric fluid, or the nervous energy upon which their contractility chiefly depends ; and from a deficiency of iron in the blood. Give a vapor bath made of bitter herbs. (See " Yapor Bath.") Drink the Composition Powder tea, sweetened. Give diuretics, and a pill made of cayenne, colocynth and rhubarb; and also the Diuretic Infusion. Keep up the perspiration when deficient; and foment the body daily with the Stimulating Liniment. The compound extract of jalap is very effective in evacuating the water; or, mustard J^ oz. ; juniper berries, milkweed root, horse radish root ; black alder bark, mandrake root, bitter-sweet bark, of each, 1 oz. Bruiso them, and infuse in 3 qts. of hot water, adding the juice of r. lemon. A wineglass two or three times a day ; or, take as much as lies upon a sixpem-e of powdered laurel leaves, every second or third daj'. It vrorks both wa}'^ ; or, make tea of roots of dwari elder. It works by urine. Every twelve or fourteen minutes (that is, after every discharge) drink a tea-cup. I have known a dropsy cured by this in twelve hours' time; or, one was cured b}"^ taking a drachm of nitre, every morning, in a little ale, or, tar-water drank twice a day has cured many; so has an infusion of IS 220 Appendix to Medical Department. juniper berries, roasted, and made into a liquor like coflfee ; or, three spoons of the juice of leeks, or elder leaves. — Tried. This cured the windy dropsy ; or, half a pint of decoction of butcher's broom, (inter- mixing purges twice or thrice a week.") The proper purge is ten grains of jalap with six of powdered ginger. It may be increased or lessened according to the strength of the patient ; or, of the decoction of the tops of oak boughs. This cured an inveterate dropsy in fifteen days ; or, take senna, cream of tartar, jalap, }/^ oz. of each. Mix them and take a drachm every morning in broth. It usually cures in twenty days. This is nearly the same as Dr. Ward's powder ; he says it seldom fails, either in the watery or windy dropsy. — Itev. John Wesley. DYSENTERY, OR BLOODY FLUX.— From the Greek, dus, pain- ful, and enieron, the bowels. It is inflammation of the mucous mem- brane of the largo intestines, especially the colon. It is attended by frequent bloody stools, straining, nausea, long attempts at evacuation, and often great pain. There is loss of appetite, strength, and great ^owness of spirits. The evacuations increase, and become more foetid. It often ends in death. It is caused by obstructed perspiration, morbid humors, unwholesome diet, night air, damp beds, wet clothes, intemp- erance, and infection, in close habitations, prison cells, etc. It is very prevalent in tropical climates. To cure, give gentle emetics ; and mild purgatives, if needful. The '* Neutralizing Mixture, "(which sec) is of great efficacy — a table-spoon per hour. It will neutralize the acidity of the stomach, relieve the spasms, etc., and eiiect a wondrous change. Should inflammation continue, give an injection; as, milk, ^ pt; mucilage of slippery elm bark, i^ pt. ; treacle, j^ pt.; olive oil, ^a wine glass; and a tea-spoon of salt. This affords great relief. Keep up c gentle perspiration by the Sudorific Powders, or by the application of hot bricKs, as before stated. See also " Diaphoretic Powder." If there be local pain, foment with a decoction of vinegar, hops, tansy, horehound, and catnip. Give warm diluents, and mucilaginous drinks, and if putresence appears jR:ive yeast in a decoction of logwood. The following has been recom- mended : Prepared chalk, 3^ dr. : compound powder of gum dragon, 2}£ drs. ; aromatic conf ecfion, 1 dr. ; tincture of catechu, and of kino, 2 drs. each; laudanum, J^ dr. ; aromatic spirit of ammonia, 1 3^ drs ; and cinnamon water, 3 or -i ozs. DoSE.— Two table-spoons every three hours. Or, simmer 1 oz. of blackberry root bark, and 3 ozs. of rasp- berry leaves in a quart of water for 40 minutes, strain and add 1^4 ozs. of tincture of myrrh, and a little sugar. Take a wine glass every" half hour. It seldom fails. Butter just churned is said to be a sure cure ; it must be unsalted, and clarified over the fire. Two table-cpoons several times a day. DIARREEAo — From the Greek, dia, rlieo, to flow through. It ia an undue relaxed state of the bowels, as induced by improper food, drunkenness, cold; or it may be a symptom of another disease, as consumption, etc. The " Neutralizing Mixture " will be found efficacious in this com- plaint ; or, take a tea-spoon of " Composition Powder," and one of tincture of myrrh, and keep tho patient warm. The following are good remedies : To 1 qt. of blackberry juice add 1 lb. of white sugar, 1 table-spoon of cloves, 1 of allspice, 1 of cinnamon, and 1 of nutmeg. Boil all together fifteen minutes; add a wine prla>(s of whisky, brandy, or rum. Bottle while hot, eork tight and seal. This is almost a specific in appendix to Medical Department. 121 iliarrhea. Dose.— A wine glass for an adult — half for a child — will often cure diarrhea. Take three or four times a day if the case is severe; or, confection of catechu, 2 drs. ; cinnamon water, 4 ozs. ; syrup of white poppies, 1 oz. ; mix ft>getlier. One or two table-spoons to be taken twice or thrice a day as reijnired; for children under ten years of age, a dessert-spoon to be used ; under two years, a tea-spoon, also two or three times a day, as above stated. Dran;?ht for Diarrhea. — Take tincture of opium, 30 drops; pre- pared chalk, 2 drs. ; powdered gum, 4 drs. ; tincture of catechu, 2 drs.; rose water, 2 ozs. Mix, and take a table-spoon three or four times a day ; or, till a small basin with dry flour, tightly cover it with a greased cloth; boil it tliree iiours. Then let it cool. For use, grate a dessert- spoon of it into peppermint water; more for an adult. Or, make a strong tea of blackberry leaves, or raspberry leaves. I have known tlie latter superior to all physicians. Follow it with a little port wine, grated nutmeg and ginger. Or, take of poplar bark, y^ oz. ; prickly iish berries, }>^ oz.; fleabane, %, oz. ; slippery elm, 1 dr. ; pour on them a pint of boiling water; infuse two or three hours. Tonics must be given after the cessation of the relax. Sure Cure for Diarrhea. — A con-espoudent of the Country Oentle- man presents a remedj' for diarrhea which he never knew to fail for the past twenty-tive years of its use in his family. It is simply a dose of laudanum and oil (a table-spoon of castor oil with twenty drops of laudanum in it). The laudanum acts as an astringent, and the oil heals and carries off the effect of the disease. Diarrhea, or a looseness of the bowels, is an affection to which every age, sex, and condition is liable, and when not excited by sudden changes of the weather, or the exposure of a hot body to wet or cold, is most frequently induced by some acid or indigestible substance taken into the stomach; and though common to all seasons of the year, is far more prevalent in the autumn than at any other period of the twelve months, showing tbat it is frequently due as much to atmospheric in- fluences as to partaking in excess of fruit, vegetables, or cucumbers — the articles most generally accused of producing the disease. That noxious gases, bad drainage, and impeifect ventilation are prolific ex- citing causes of diarrhea is now universally admitted, and whenever practicable, such measui'es should be adopted for correcting those causes as will, for a season at least, render them inoperative for mischief. The symptoms of diarrhea ave a weight and uneasiness in the lower part of the abdomen, accompanied with griping more or less severe; flatulence, succeeded by frequent feculent evacuations, and often attended with nausea and vomiting, great thirst, a white coated tongue, dry skin, and cold feet. Treatment. -In general, diarrhea is easily relieved by taking a mild aperient, especially a moderate dose of castor oil, and when the griping is severe, from 20 to 25 drops of laudanum with it. When, however, this does not check the evacuations, and as, when unrelieved, diarrhea is apt to degenerate into cholera, it becomes necessary to adopt some direct practice The vomiting is to be checked by effer- vescing draughts, witlror without brandy, hot water to the feet, and a tea-spoon of tincture kino in a wine glass of water, every hour, for two or three times, or till the bowels are checked in their action; or a dose of the following mixture can be substituted every quarter or half hour. Take of carbonate of ammonia, % dr. ; pi-epared chalk, 6 drs.; extract of catechu, ) dr. ; peppermint water, 6 ozs. ; spirits of sal rolatlle, 1 dr. Mix. and give two table-spoons, as directed above. 22 2 Appendix to Medical Department When there is much pain, 1 dr. of laudanum is to be added to tn* mixture. As small a quantity of liquid as possible should be taken, but as much boiled rice or rice pudding eaten as the stomach will digest with comfort; hard eggs are also of service; vegetables, how- ever, fruits, broths, or any liquid potation — except a small quantity of Brandy and water, if required — must be strictly avoided. It must be borne in mind, that the above dosesare designed for adults; that unless specially ordered in our prescriptions, opium or laudanum are never to be given to children ; and that the quantity of kino or chalk mixture must be regulated according to their ages. When the diarrhea has been subdued, care must be taken, in returning to the ordinary diet, that the stomach is not overloaded, especially by hard and indigestible meat, or by flatulent vegetables; and if there is any pain or indigestion, two spoons of infusion of camo' mile, in which 10 grs. of carbonate of soda have been dissolved, should be taken twice a day for a few times, till the stomach recovers its tone, when, if requisite, a compound colocynth pill may be taken to cleanse the alimentary canal. See "Cholera," "Dysenteiy.'' For the diarrhea of children, see " Infants, Diseases of." ' DIPHTHERIA. — "I have had the treatment of several cases, and have uniformly been successful; the remedy is very simple. It is tht- external application of water to the throat, at degrees of temperature alternating from the highest that the human skin will bear, down tf. almost zero. I am prepared to verify that by proof. A. Henderson, M.R.C.S., Eng. 13, Upper Seymour St., Portnian Square, London, 1858 M. Roche mentions in i' Union MedicaU that he had saved six patients in six cases of diphtheria by the following mode of treatment. The false membranes were first freely cauterized with lunar caustic, and injections then made every hour against the fauces with a solution of common salt, the strength of the solution being such as not to create nausea. Chlorate of potash was also given internally; and tincture of iodine as a topical application, was used in half the cases; but M. Roche considers that the irrigations with the solution of common salt were the chief agents in the case. Diphtheria — Remedy for. — Make two small bags to reach from ear to ear, and fill them with wood ashes and salt; dip them in hot water, and wring them out so that they will not drip, and apply them to the throat; cover up the whole with a flannel cloth, and change them as often as they become cool, until the throat becomes irritated, near blistering. For children it is necessary to put flannel cloths be- tween the ashes and the throat to prevent blistering. When the aslies have been on a suflScieht time take a wet flannel cloth and rub it with Castile soap until it is covered with a thick lather; dip it in hot water, and apply it to the throat, and change as they cool; at the same time use a gargle made of one tea-spoon of cayenne pepper, one of salt; one of molasses, in a tea-cup of liot water, and when cool, add one-fourth as much cider vinegar, and gargle every 15 minutes, until the i)atient requires sleep. A gargle made of castile soap is good to be used part of the time." A correspondent in Maine, in sending the above remedy, says there had been a number of deaths from diphtheria until this I'emedy was used, since then all had recovered. Diphtheria. — A gentleman who has administered the following remedy tor diphtheria saj's that it has always jnoved eflectual : Take a tobacco i)ii)e, i)lace a live coal in the bow!, drop a little tar upon the coal, and let llie patient draw smoke into the mouth and discharge it through the nostrils. Hafe and simple. Appendix to Medical Deparimeni. iA$ Diphtheria— Specific for.— The Italian journals publish a letter frc a Dr. Giovanni Calligara, describing the remarkable success which has attended his treatment of diphtheria with phenic acid. He relates the losses he formerly experienced among his patients when treating them with emollients, solvents, and cauterization with hydro-chloric acid, and observes that this cauterization can no more eradicate the morbid principle than tearing the leaves oft' a plant will destroy the roo*. He now simply uses a gargle of phenic acid and distilled water, with external applications of new flannel; the food and drink to be taken cold. After the adoption of this treatment, Dr. Calligara lost but one patient out of fifty-eight. He requested the Italian journals to publish this discovery. Phenic acid is the agent which is now being used in this country as a remedy for cancer, and seems likely to affect an immense saviug of lives formerly hopelessly sacrificed to that 'lisease. DEAFNESS.— Take three drops of sheep's gall, warm, and drop it (Uto the ear on going to bed. The ear must be thoroughly syringed with warm soap and water in the morning. The gall must be applied for three successive nights. It is only efiicacious when tiie deafness is produced by cold. The most convenient way of warming the gall is by holding it in a silver spoon over the fl?.me of a candle. The above "emedy has been frequently tried with perfect success. Deafness. — Fox-glove leaves well bruised; mix the juice with Jouble the quantity of brandy. Keep for use. Drop one drop into the ear once a day, and place in the ear constantly a piece of cotton 8».turated with it. Or, clean the ear wel' out with warm water, dry it, and then soak cotton in glycerine, and put it into the ear, moving it backward and forward, to lubricate it thoroughly. Or, syringe the Rars well with warm milk and oil; tlrni take opodeldoc, and oil of almonds, of each, }£ ox., and apply with cotton wool. Or, fill a clean stor.e bottle with hot water ; lay the ear on the bottle as hot as it can be borne, so that the steam may ascend into it every night when going to bed, for fit^e or ten minutes. Or, take fine black wool, dip it in camphorated oil, and put it into (lie ear; as it dries, dip it again ; and keep ic moistened in the ear for two or three weeks. Be electrified through the ear. Or, put a little salt in the ear mixed with sweet oil. Or, three dr*" ps of onion juice at lying down, keeping it in with wool. Or, mix brandy and sweet oil; dip black wool in this and put it into the ear. When it grows dry, wash it well in brandy; dip it and put it in again. If attended with, headache, peel a clove of garlic, dip it in honey. Apply it with black wool. Previ- ously drop into the ear a few drops of the juice. A mixture of 10 drops of spirit of turpentine with 1 oz. of almond oil, using black wool, will tend to the cure of deafness arising from diseased cerumin- ons glands. If deafness arises from wax, syringe the ear wilh warm water, applying the night before a little glycerine. Deafness Cured by Ether, — A poor French governess, Mad^lle Cleret, has succeeded in partially curing several persons afflicted with deafness and loss of speech. The French Academy have awarded the Monthyon Prize for the discoverj', which has been proved innocuous. The metliod consists in introducing sulpiiuric ether into the aural con- duit, in doses of 2 to 8 drops a day for twenty days, when the applica- tion is suspended for a short time, and again commenced. A gunner's mate,' aged 51, had been attacked six months before with acute rheu- matism, which became chronic and complicated, with deafness in the 424 Appendix to Medical Department. left ear, and difficulty of hearing in the right one. There was fre- quent singing in both ears, and the deafness increased or diminished -with the rheumatic pains. At the first, a few drops of ether were instilled into both his ears, when he immediately experienced a feeling of expansion within, with a slight pain, and from that moment he could distinguish sounds less confusedly. On the following morning he declared he could hear with his right ear quite as well as before his illness; the installation was therefore only repeated in the left ear, and on the fourth day he declared himself quite cured. Another case, similar to this, is reported by Dr. Berlemont, of Joncourt; and Dr. Coursier, of Hounecourt, announces that he has been treating six patients, between five and fifteen years of age, for some time with ether, to their manifest advantage. An eminent physician says : " Take sassafras oil, 5 drops ; sweet oil, yi oz. Mix, and drop into the ear once or twice a day." He says that this seldom fails. Or, saturate a little cotton wool with tincture of lobelia, and insert twice a day. DELIRIUM TREMENS.— This is the disease of drunkards, and those who take narcotics, as opium, etc. It may be called "the hrair> fever of drunkards.'''' The person is tremulous, has nausea, vomiting and wakefulness, restlessness; he raves, and imagines snakes, den)ons. etc., are about him. This disease doubtless arises from extreme stimu- lus of the brain. To Cure. — First allay the paroxysm, calm and support the nerv ous system, by giving brandy and other spirits. The redness of th* face, and the pulsation of the arteries, heart, etc., indicate determina tion of blood to the head. Equalize the circulation by bathing the feev and legs in warm lye- water; then apply mustard plasters to the fee* and nape of the neck. Give a purge ; and now and then a cup o* valerian, scullcap, or strong hop tea, or from 10 to 20 drops of laud anum. Emetics are veiy useful, and may be given in the same kino of spirits the patient has been accustomed to take. A strong decoctioi- of woimwood is successfully used in hospitals. EYES, WEAK AND SORE.— Sulphate of zinc, 3 grs. ; tincture o« opium, 10 drops; water, 2 ozs. To be applied three or four times ^ daJ^ Eye, Blood -Shot.— Apply linen rags dipped in cold water for twi or three hours. Or, apply boiled hyssop as a poultice. Very efflca cious. — Wesley. Eye-Bright.— This plant is useful in afiections of the eyes, as p improves the vision, especially in old age. (See Robinson's Herbal.) Eyes, Bruised.- Frequently bathe in water with a little carbonate of soda dissolved in. Or, apply bread poultices pretty warm; change often. Or, foment with a decoction of stramonium leaves, and then bind them on the eye. Or use slippeiy elm poultices. Eye-Salve.- White or yellow wax, % oz.; red precipitate, 3 drs. ; prepared tutty, or pure zinc powdered, 1 dr.; lard, 4 ozs. Melt and mix. Add 1% drs. of camphor dissolved in oil. Eyes, Inflammation of.— Mix bread crumbs with the white of an egg, 3 drops of laudanum, 3 drops of brandy, and a very little salt. Apply in a bag of thin soft linen or muslin. It is better to apply it at night, when lying down. It always affords relief. Drink also eye- bright tea, and wash the eves with "it. Eye, Films.— Mix juice of eye-bright and juice of ground ivy with a little honey, and 3 or 3 grs. of bay salt. Drop it in, morning and evening. Appendix to Medical Department. 225 J!ye» Hot Humors. — Apply a few drops of double refined sugar merted in brandy. Or, boil a handful of bramble leaves with a little alum in a quart of 8prin» water, to a pint. Drop this frequently into the eye. This likewise speedily cures cancers or any sores. Eyfe, or Eyelids Inflamed. — Apply as a poultice, boiled, roasted or rotten apples warm. Or, wormwood tops with the yolk of an egg. This will hardly fail. Or, beat up the white of an ^gg with two spoons of white rose water into a white froth. Apply this on a fine rag, changing it 80 that it may not grow dry till the eye or eyelid is well. Tried. Or, dissolve 1 oz. of fine gum ai-abic in 3 spoons of spring water ; put a drop into the inner corner of the eye, from the point of a hair pencil, four or five times a day. At tlie same time take as much salt- petre as will lie upon a sixpence, dissolved in a glass of water, three or four times a day ; abstaining from all liquors till cured. White bread poultices applied to the eyes in an inflamed state often occasion blindness. Eyelid, Bemovin? foreign bodies from beneath the. — M. Renard, in the case of small bodies whicii become entangled beneath the upper eyelid, recommends the following simple procedure, which will often dispense with all others : Take hold of the upper eyelid near its angles with the index finger and thumb of each hand, draw it gently forward and as low down as possible over the lower eyelid, and retain it in this position for about a minute, taking care to prevent the tears from fiowing out. When, at the end of this time, you allow the eye- lid to resume its place, a flood of tears washes out the foreign body, which will be found adhering to, or near to, the lower eyelid. Eye Poultice. — Stir 2 drs. of powdered alum in the powdered whites of two eggs till a coagulum be formed. Place it between a piece of soft linen rag, and apply it. Very applicable for inflamed eyes attended with a purulent discharge, and for chilblains. Eyes, (xood for the. — To give brilliancy to the eyes, shut them early at night, and open them early in the morning; let the mind be constantly intent on the acquisition of benevolent feelings. This will scarcely ever fail to impart to the eyes an intelligent and amiable ex- pression. Eye-Sight, To Preserve. — Never sit long in absolute gloom, or exposed to a blaze of light. Avoid reading small print. Do not strain the eyes by looking at minute objects. Do not read in the dusk, nor by candle-light or gas-light, if the eyes be disordered. Do not permit the eyes to gaze on glaring objects, as the sun, or bright daylight, especially on opening the eyes in the morning. Do not let the curtains, walL<, etc., be white; green is the best for curtains, etc. Avoid much exposure to cold easterly winds; especially avoid intemperance, and excessive venery, which are awfully destructive to eye-sight. - Eye Water. — Boil lightly 1 spoon of white copperas, and 3 spoons nf salt, in 3 pts. of spring water. When it is cold, bottle it without straining. Put a drop or two in the eye morning and evening. It takes away redness and soreness; it cures pearls, rheums, and t)ften blindness. If it makes the eye smart, add more water to it. Another. — Stamp and strain ground ivy, celandine, and daisies, an equal quantity; add a little rose-water and loaf sugar. Drop a drop oi- two at a time into the eye ; it takes away all the inflammation, smarting, itching, spots, webs, etc. Or take 3 table-spoons each of brandy, and rain water, and about >26 Appendix to MeJ*-cci Department. the size of a horse-bean of camphor. Dissolve the last in the first. Valuable. Eye Water. — Take of white vitriol, 10 grs. ; rose, or elder-flower water, 8 ounces. Mix. Eye Water. — Half a pint of the best brandy, 2 pts. of spring water, and sugar of lead, 1 oz.; mix. This is a good eye water. Or, take 6 ozs. of rectified spirits of wine, dissolve in it 1 dr. of camphor, then add 2 small handfuls of dried elder flowers; infuse 24 hours. Bathe the forehead, over your eyes, and each temple, several times a day; meantime, dip a soft rag in stale small beer, new milk warm, and bathe each eye a few times gently, morning and evening. If it is a water}"- humor, wet the eyelids two or three times, but be sure to shut your eyes, or it will make them smart and burn excessively. It is also a good remedy for the toothache, or swelled face, bruises, etc., used as a rubefacient. Eyes, Weak. — May be relieved by washing them in cold water; or dissolve 4 grs. of sugar of lead, and crude sal-ammoniac, in 8 ozs. of water, to which add a few drops of laudanum. With this mixture bathe the eyes night and morning. Rose-water is also good for the eyes. If lime gets into the eyes, a few drops of vinegar and water will dissolve and remove it. Almond or olive oil will do away with anj hot fiuid that may reach the eye. Styes should be bathed with warn? water, and it is as well to take an aperient. A little ointment of cit- ron and spermaceti may be used when tlie sty is broken. FACE BURNING.— It arises from acidity of the stomach. Take 1 or 2 tea-spooifS of magnesia in milk. FAINTING FITS. — Remove the patient to the open air, and lay him in a horizontal position, with nothing tight left upon him. Should the case be obstinate, immerse the feet and legs in warm water, and apply spirits of hartshorn to the nostrils; and give a few droits in a glass of water, or hot brandy and water. FELON, Oil WHITLOW.— A very painful inflammation of the fingers, thumb, or hand. A whitlow resembles a felon, but it is not so deeply seated. It is often found at the root of the nail. Immerse the diseased finger in strong lye as long and as hot as can be borne several times a day. Constantly poultice it with a mixture of strong lye and elm bark, or elm bark and powdered linseed, and one poppy head softened in the lye. Or steam it well with the bitter lierbs, wtiich may be used several times; about twenty minutes at a time. Continue till well, or when it begins to suppurate; then will appear a white spot, which, when fully ripe, may be opened with a fine needle. Should gangrenous matter appear, apply a little vegetable caustic (which see). Apply the black salve, to heal it. Keep the bowels open, and taka now and then the composition powder. EAR-ACHE.— Place in the ear cotton wool moistened with sweet oil and laudanum. A flannel bag of salt, or camomile flowers, made very hot and applied to the ear at bed-time, will often give relief. Or, wet a rag with laudanum, and cover the ear with it. A bag of hops, a roasted onion, and hartsliorn and oil, are household remedies. If it arises from heat, frequentlj'- apply wet cloths. If from cold, boil rue, or rosemary, and steam the ear through a funnel. Ear- Ache.— Rub the ear hard for a quarter of an hour. Tried. Or, be electrified. Or, put in a roasted fig, or onion, as hot as may be. Or, blow the smoke of tobacco strongly into it. But if the ear- ache is caused by an inflammation of the uvula, it is cured in twc Appendix to Medical Deparimeni. 227 or three hours by receiving into the mouth the steam of bruised Jiemp-seed boiled in water. — Wesley. Ear- Ache, from Worms. — Drop in warm milk, which brings them out. Or, Juice of wormwood, wtiich kills them. Ear- Ache, Indian Cure for. — Take a piece of the lean of mutton, the size of a large walnut, put it into the lire and burn it for some time till it is reduced almost to a cinder; then put it into a piece of clean rag, and squeeze it until some moisture is expressed, which must be dropped into the ear as hot as the patient can bear it. EPILEPSY, OR FALLING SlCKPiESS.— A sudden deprivation of sense, with violent convulsions of tlie whole system. Previous to the tit, there is a peculiar sensation felt by the patient; a scream or cry is then uttered, and lie falls heavily to the ground. The eyes ai; ■ fixed and reverted, and the convulsive agitations are violent; the teeth gnash against each other, the tongue pi'ojects, and is sadly bitten; the patient froths at the mouth, and is quite unconscious. " The period of recur- rence of epileptic fits is very variable. Death sometimes occurs in the first; or, though rarel}', recovery taking place, the disease never re- turns. Years may intervene, or an irregular period of months, weeks, or days, niaj' separate the attacks." Epilepsy is more common in the night than in the day. As it becomes more firmly rooted in the sys- tem, the tits recur more frequently. Treatment. — Prevent the patient from injuring himself during the fit. A piece of wood, india rubber, etc., should be placed between the teeth to prevent injuiy to the tongue. Remove nil tight clothing, especially about the neck. Elevate the head and shoulders. If the fit does not depart, give one or two tea-spoons of the anti-spasmodic tincture. When the fit subsides, give a vapor bath, and an emetic two or three times a week. After the bath, rub the body over with the 6timula''.ing Liniment. Gentle aperients should also be given now and then. Sponge the body every or every other morning with cold salt and water. Let the diet be very light and digestible. As it is a dis- ease of debility, tonics should be employed ; as Peruvian bark, snake root, lady's slipper, and peony, which may be obtained of the medical botanists. Boil them till strong; add sugar, and best Madeira wine. Dr. Beach says, that salt is very eflicacious. " As soon as there are any premonitory symptoms, give a tea-spoon of salt, in a little water; and, if practicable, lepeat it in twenty minutes; it shortens the fit, and maj' be taken twice or thrice a day. The shower bath may also be used. If the disease proceeds from worms, use the remedies in that case pre- scribed. A i)ill made of equal parts of scuUcap, lobelia-seed, and cay- enne, antl mucila"t!, is very useful in this disease." ERYSIPELAS. — Dr. Baumann employs collodion in all cases, and has found it, even \a several cases of erysipelas of the face, and in one case of phlegmonous erysipelas of the thigh, highly useful. He first gives an emetic, and then daily applies collodion to the parts. The recoveiy is rapid, and no ill consequences have been observed. Bathing the legs and feet in warm water is very seiTiceable. Some recommend the part to be covered with meal, or flour, or yeast. Some persons recommend a poultice of cranberries powdered fine, in a raw gtate. A decoction of elder-leaves will promote perspiration; applying to the part a cloth dipped in lime-water. Or take gentle purgatives, as senna, manna, cream-of-tartar, with a little tennel-seed, to prevent griping. The vapor bath is very beneficial. The marshmallow oint- ment is very serviceable- also the elder ointment. Wash the parts oft 22$ Appendix to Medical Department. with the following liquid or tincture : Infuse 1 oz. of celandint leavt-!' in 1 pt. of whisky a few hours. Apply it when there is much iching^. But the beet application is a poultice made of slippery eltn bark. Mi^ the bark with milk, buttermilk, or cream. Should there be ulcci-atioii. add brewer's yeast to the poultice. The diet should be coci and nour- ishing. Dr Beach, referring to a case, says : " The patient was so bad tiiat he had to sit in a chair tive or six months, day and niglit," aiul the most eminent allopathic doctors could do him no good. "'I used the pulverized willow bark, commonly called pussy willow; it was mixed with cream, under which it grew better ; it sloughed in several places nearly to the bone. When the pain almost subdded, I applied the slippery elm bark and milk, and then the black saive, which effected a cure in a few months.'' FROST-BITE. — The parts of the body most exposed to the serious consequence of frost-bite are those farthest from the seat of circula- tion, and the most exposed to a great degree of cold. These are, the toes and feet, fingei's, ears, nose, and the cheeks below the eye. Tlie effect of intense cold is, in the first place, to deaden the sensi bility of the part most exposed, which it does by contracting the vessels and driving the blood from the surface;, when the part, losin|i( its healtliy vitality, is unable to resist the specific influence of the sur rounding cold, and quickly falls a prey to the potency of the frost and, in a short time, a partial gives way to an absolute death, or mor tification of the member or organ, which soon after separates or fallis otf. To guard against the danger of froit^bites, the inhabitants of very cold coimtries, as the Russians and Esquimaux, cover both tha cartilage of the ear and the nose. Symptoms. — A frost-bite is known by the swelling and discolora tion, attended with pain, numbness, and a sense of pricking in thft part, the color passing from a bright red till it becomes actually black Sometimes, however, beyond a slight degree of heat, and itching, which soon passes off, the person is unconscious of the danger that i« taking place, till too late to save the doomed part. Treatment. — The means employed in the treatment are extremely simple, but upon their sloio and cautious use depends the entire chanc* r.f restoring the part or member to life; for should the temperature bt^ loo quickly raised, or the circulation too suddenly restored, the perfect mortification the means are intended to avert will be certain to follow, when all exertion is hopeless. For this purpose, the part must be slowly rubbed with snow, or bathed with cold water, either in the open air or in a cold room, far removed from fire or warmth. After half an hour of such steady employment of the snow or water, two or three tea-spoons of weak brandy and cold water are to be given, the process continued a little longer, a little more spirits and water admin- istered, and the patient finally put to bed in cold sheets, and in a cold room . When the whole body has been rendered insensible by jntenso cold, as is sometimes the case in crossing the Alps, and in severe win- ters even in this country, the same treatment is to be adopted; but instead of rubbing a part only, the whole body must be rubbed with snow, till the friction of several pairs of hands induces some return to sensibility. As soon as that is effected, the body is to be carefully dried, and again rubbed with fiannel; an enema of salt and water, with a small quantity of turpentine, is to be thrown into the bowels; the patient put to bed in cold sheets, and in a room without a fire ; a Appendix to Medical 2)eJ>artment. iig few spoons of gruel, with a little brandy, being given almost cold, as soon to he can swallow; and this, or weak wine and water, gradiiall)'- and at loi. jf intervjils given to him, the utmost care being taken to avoid exciting sudden reaction, headache, or fever; as most serions evils will occur should they be induced by hasty or powerful stimu- lants. GOITRE, OR BRONCHOCELE, as the general enlargement of tlie thyroid gland of the throat is variously called, according to the conn I try or locality in whicli tlie disease is prevalent. The CAUSES of tlrs unsightly deformity are far from being satis- factorily understood. By some it has been assigned to drinking snow water; by others, to water loaded with lime and magnesia; I ut it has been found epidemic in localities where neither of these circumstances prevail. It more frequently attacks females than males, and, though present from early life, seldom becomes greatly enlarged till the person has turned forty ; ca-es, however, not unfrequently occur where it ad- VMuees from the age of puberty, and in a few years attains a consider- tible size. Those most frequently attacked with goitre are persons of A phlegmatic temperament. Treatment. — Before commencing the treatment of this disease, .1 piece of tape siiould be first passed around.the neck, and the exact size of the swelling and throat taken; the measure being i)nt aside, that it may be used every month to test the progress of the cure, by showing how much less ib the girth of both. As iodine is the ohief remedv on which any reliance can be placed. It must be used both externally and internally at the same time, though in dilferent preparations. Iodine Ointment. — Take of camphor, 1 dr.; iodine, % dr.; spirits of wine, 10 drops (to powder the camphor); white ointment, 1 oz. Mix. A small piece of this ointment is to be rubbed steadily and effect- dally all over the tnmor every night before going to bed, a warm bran poultice being laid over the whole to induce absorption. A poultice should also precede the use of the ointment, so as to relax and open the pores of the skin. Mixture. — 'Jake of hj'driodate of potass, 1 dr.: infusion of gentian, 8 ozs ; tincture of ginger, 2 drs. Mix. One table-spoon to be taken four times a day. Every fourth day the ointment should be intermitted for two days, to allow the skin to recover from the friction. Some practitioners paint the tumor with the tincture of iodine; but the benefit of frirtion, with tlie stimulating properties of the camphor, add so much to the benefit of the treatment, that we have no hesitation in recommendin"- the ointment as the best means. Three months' steady emj»loyment of the above remedies will generally reduce the gland to an almo.st natural appearance. GANGRENE.— The partial death of a part; the preliminary stagt to UKutitication, or the absolute death of a part. The CAUSES of gangrene are very numerous. It may arise from any excessive inflammatoiy action, from extreme cold, great bodily prostration, from severe blows, wounds, and accidents, and, indeed, from any cause that greatly depresses the vital powers; it also arises Bpontaneously in i)ersons advanced in life, showing itself in the feet or toes, and, among the aged peasantry, is a very frequent cause ot death. 630 Appendix to Medical Departmtnt. Symptoms. — Swelling, more or less extensive, loss of warmth In the part, a diminution of all pain ; a bluish hue settles on the cuticle, which gradually deepens into a purplish brown; the discharge, if any^ ceases, there is a loss of all sensation, the skin is raised into vesicles, or blisters, which break, and a thin, fetid, ichorous discharge escapes. From this time the cuticle undergoes another change, and becomes of a yellowish green; the pulse is quick, small, and feeble; a low, hectic fever supervenes, the patient rambles in his talk, delirium follows, and hiccup for an hour or two precedes death. Gangrene never attacks a limb or part where the circulation is strong, but those places where it is most languid, and remote from vigoi-ous action. W hen it attacks the point of the great toe, it gradually advances over the whole member : the others next become involved, and then the foot, when extending up the limb, destroying all to the center as it spreads, till, reaching a spot where the circulation is strong, some lymph is thrown out from the healthy side in a complete circle around the part, cutting off all access, and drawing a line of demarkation between the living and the dead tlesh. Were the Umb now left alone, the gangrenous extremity would, after a short tii»ay be applied to the pained part- Hops simmered in vinegar, to •"^hich add 20 or 30 drops of laudanum. Drink at the same time a strong infusion of spearmint, and batlie the feet in wami water. The i^apor bath now and then is very useful. Dr. Beach advises the following: Acetate of potash, 2 drs. ; honey, •^oz.; spirits of turpentine, % dr.; carbonate of soda, % dr.; mint ^'ater or tea, 8 ozs. Mix. Dose. — two table-spoons three times a day. Eat largely of spinach; oi', drink largely of warm water sweetened with honey; or, of pellitory of the wall tea so sweetened; or, infuse MU ounce of wild parsley-seeds in a pint of white wine fortwelve days. Drink a glass of it, fasting, three months. To prevent its return, breakfast forthree n)onthson agrimony tea. It entirely cured me vwenty years ago, nor have I had a symptom of it since. — Wedey. Red onion juice, and horse-mint tea, as much as the patieirt can take morning and night, is a tine remedy, and will dissolve stone. Potash Drops. — Liquor of potash, 10 drops; infusion of linseed, 1 pt.; spirits of sweet ni.ru, % oz. Mix and take two table-spoons everjl three hours. A sure cure for gravel. HEARTBURN, — This affection of the stomach, erroneously attrib- uted to the litart, is a mere derangement of the digestive organs — an excess of acidity, in fact, in the stomach, either proceeding from too acid a state of tlie gastric juice, from some crude and indigestible sub- stance in the stomach, from a piece of gristle, fragment of bone, or some irritating bodj% which, as we have shown under " Digestion," attempts to pass the pyloric orilice of the stomach, and, after vain appeal, ii turned back till more completely digested, causing heat, pain, and inconvenience; or it is the result of worms in the bowels, irritating the whole alimentary tube. The symptoms of heartburn are too generally known to need description here; and it will suffice if we mention the best remedies for tlie different causes of the complaint. For the heartburn to which pregnunt women are so subject from the time of qu'ckening to the end of tlie eighth month, the best remedy is lump magnesia, of which the patient may eat as much as she pleases; or a tea-spoou of prepared chalk, with 5 grs. of ginger, twice a day, in milk or cold water; or she may eat a few tea-spoons of whole rice., which will often afford more relief than any other remedy. 23* Appendix to Medicat /j^artment For heartburn the result of acidity from eating pickles, acid fruits, or acridity of the gastric juice, 20 grs. of carbonate of soda, or 15 of carbonate of potass, with'l gr. of ginger, and 1 gr. of rhubarb, taken iu a wine glass of water three times a day, or a tea-spoon of clialii or magnesia in a little peppermint water, will, in general, be found efiectual in correcting the cause of annoyance. When heartburn proceeds /row indigestible matter in the stomach, either an emetic of 15 grs. of powdered ipecacuanha, or a compound colocynth pill, followed in three hours by % oz. of Epsom salts in a tumbler of water, is to be taken. Either plan can be adopted; the only advantage in the emetic is that its operation, is more rapid, though more exhausting than the aperient plan. For the heartburn resulting/rowi worms, or irritation in the bowels, the reader must consult the articles "Worm," and " Tape-worm," which see. For those affected with heartburn after meals, especially dinner, accompanied with sour eructations, a pill composed of 3 grs. of dried carbonate of soda, 1 of calumba, and 1 of ginger should be taken an hour before dinner, and 20 grs. of carbonate of ammonia, in a wine glass of infusion of camomile, half an hour afterwards, if necessary. HYDROPHOBIA.— We give below a case that occurred at Flint Michigan, which was successfully treated as follows: — Tlie ail-absorbing topic of the day with us, is, whether the fright ful disease known as hydrophobia can be cured or not. The case thai manifested itself, and to which attention was called at tlie time in TJu Tribune, has created considerable excitement among us. In an article entitled " Hydrophobia," to be found in t\\Q Citizen of last week signer* " Observer,'' and claiming to set forth medical authorities tending u- show the incurability of the dreadful disease, he cites authorities, who, had '' Observer " made a more minute inspection of their works, wouhl have led liim to a different opinion from that formed by hastily glanu iug over them. Tiie subject of so much discussion, Mr. Burt True, was bitten by « rabid dog last May. The dog had bitten several animals and was killed Young True was bitten in the center of the inside of the right hand. Be ing iu tlie country at the time, it was some 12 hours before he reached t, surgeon, who cauterized the wound with nitrate of silver. Tlu wound healed, and I'emained so, until between two and three week.- since, wlien it became irritable and broke out again. Soon the firs> marke " symptoms of hydrophobia showed themselves, convulsions. " burking like a dog," frothing at the mouth, and making p.trenuouj. fcflbrts to bite everything that came near. During these convulsions, tlie i)atient would seize the pillows from his bed iu Ins teeth, and shake and rend them with all the seeming ferocity of an angry dog. An in- tense dread of water also exhibited itself, the sight of which threw liim into the most terrible convulsions, at these times requiring thf/ united strength of five men to keep him under subjection, in fact, every symptom of hydrophobia made itself conspicuous. The patient was attacked on Friday evening, January 19th. On Saturday night his ]ihysician. Dr. Axford, reached him, and at once waa convinced of the terrible nature of the disease. Having had a case similar some seven or eight years since, where the patient recovered under his treat- ment, and has remained well ever since, after consulting the physician present, Dr. McCall, it was decided to place the patient upon the sam«i trcalnient, which had been successful in the former case, which, for the aid it may be to others who sutler from this disease, we here gl»« Appendix to Medical Department. 233 as follow,*: Tlie injection under the skin of large doses of morphine, and the a Imiiiistration of Lirjie doses of castor, which is a powerful anti-spasmodic. About one grain of the sulphate of morphine was injected under tlie skin once in four hours, and half a drachm of the powdered castor, mixed with syrup given internally. The effect was to produce sleep in about half an hour, which lasted about an hour and a half, when the convulsions returned again, and returned atj intervals, of an hour to an hour and a half until nine o'clock Sunday^ morning when the last convulsion occurred, after which he suffered seveiely from obstinate vomiting until Monday at 10 o'clock when, tiiaC also ceased, leaving the patient comparatively easy, but very much prostrated. Since that time he has gradually improved, and now is to all appcaiunccs quite well. In addition to the above treatment, small quantities of cliloroiorm were inhaled at times, and on Sunday morn- ing the patient wae wrapped in a woolen blanket wrung out of a varm solut;ion of mni'iate of ammonia, 18 to 20 grains to the ounce. This w us the treatmeiv!, which checked this fearful malady and which Or. Axford for the sake of humanity is anxious should be published fo the world, and thoroughly tested. Hydrophobia. — Immedmtely wash the bitten part with cleai ^aler; tiieu take good tobacco (leaf tobacco, if possible; if not, strong jianiilactared cut tobacco) »pd make a suitable poultice for the place, ■ihangii.git three or four timfes a day for a week. This effectually ibsorbs everything poisonous. A strong decoction of the roots of the A'hite ash will cure the bite of • mad dog. At Ulina, in Friula, a man suffering under the agonizing tortures of hydrophobia, was cured by Iraughts of vinegar given him by mistake. A physician at Padua .learingof it, tried the same remedy upon a patient at the hospital, ;jiving 1 lb. of vinegar in the morning, another at noon, and a third at muset, and the man was speedily and perfectly cured. €nre for Hydrophobia. — Dr. Buisson, of Lyons, claims to have iiscovored a remed}'. In attending a female patient in the last stage i)f canine rabies, the doctor imprudently wiped his hands with a hand- kerchief impregnated with her saliva. He had a slight abrasion on (he index linger of his left hand, and confident in his own curative system, the doctor merely washed the part with water. However, he was fully aware of tlie imprudence he had committed, and gives the following account of the matter afterwards: "Believing that the malady would not declare it»elf until the 40th day, and having numer- ous patients to visit, I put off from day to day the application of my remedy — that is to say, vapor hallis. The ninth day, being in my cabinet, I felt all at once a pain in the throat, and a still greater one in the eyes. My body seemed so light that I felt as if I could jump to a prodigious height, or that, 'f I threw myself out of the window I could sustain myself in the air. My hair was so sensitive that I ap- peared able to count each separately without looking at it. Saliva kept continually forming in the mouth. Any movement of the air inflicted great pain on me, and I was obliged to avoid the sight of brilliant objects; I had a continual desire to run and bite, not human beings, but animals, and all that was near me. I drank with difllculty, and the sight of water distressed me more than the pain in the throat. I believe that, by shutting the eyes, any one suffering under hydropho- bia can always drink. The fits came on every five minutes, and I then felt the pain start from the index finger and run up the nerves to the shoulder. In tliis state, thinking that my course was preserva- ;ive and not curative, I took a vapor bath, not with the iateuttoo of 234 Appendix to Medical Department. cure, but of suffocating myself. When the bath was at the heat of 5ai Centigrade (93 3-5 Fahrenheit), all symptoms disappeared, iM if b> magic, and I have never felt anything more of them. I have attended more than 80 persons bitten by mad animals, and I have not lost a single case." When a person has been bitten by a mad dog he must for seven successive days t:;lve a vapor bath a la Russe, as it is called, of 57 to 63 degs. This is the preventive remedy. When the disease is declared, it only requires one vapor bath, rapidly increased to 37 Centi- grade, then slowly to 63; the patient must confine liimseif to his chamber until the cure is complete. Dr. Buisson mentions other curious facts. A gentleman had been bitten by a rattlesnake, about eight leagues from home; vv^ishing to die in the bosom of h'.s finiily, he ran the greater part of the way home, and going to bed perspired profusely, and the wound healed' as any simple cut. The bite of the tarantula is cured by the exercise of dancing, the free perspiration dissipating the virus. If a young child be vaccinated and then be made to take a vapor bath, the vaccine does not take. — Gfdignani. When first bitten, or when the symptoms are manifest, give a dessert-spoon of the anti-spasmodic tincture and a mild injection. Then proceed to the vapor bath, as hot as the patient can bear it. After the bath give an emetic. The wound should be cupped, and caustic potash applied afterwards. Apply a yeast poultice, and keej- up the discharge. Add a little powdered charcoal to the poultice Repeat the vapor bath and the injection every ten or twelve hour.s. The diet should be light and unstimulating; the drink sudorific, oi promoting persperation. Drink often a decoction of skullcap, and a( night take sulphur and cream-of-tartar. Hydrophobia. — A dread of water, or canine madness. This fear- ful disease, though most frequently caused by the bite of a dog, may be induced by the saliva of any excited or vicious animal ; the time thf virus takes to act on the human system varying from four weeks to eighteen months. Symptoms. — The wound may have completely healed, when the patient suddenly experiences heat and pain in the part, and a tightness and constriction of the muscles of the face and neck, attended with an uneasy restlessness, and great irritability of temper, followed by thirst and difficulty of swallowing, particularly of liquids, and especinlly of water; the sight or sound of which tiirovs him into violent convul- sions, accompanied with intense horror and ahirm; the contraction of the throat amounts to a sense of suffocating agony, while the body is racked with spasms that in two or three days, and in some cases a t>w liours, terminate in death. Treatment. — Instantly tie a string above the wound, cut out tlie bitten part, or cauterize it freely with lunar caustic; tranquilize tiie system b}^ a suppository of 10 grains of opium; give a mixture of opium, ammonia, camphor, and ether; ai)ply bladders full of pounded ice to the spine, administer chloroform, and use the hot batli, with all the means and remedies advised under Bites, Stings. Rattlesnake, Neuralgia, and Locked Jaw, which see. The Bite of a Mad Dog.— Mr. Hildebrand, Veterinary Surgeon, of Germany, says: " Bathe the bitten place in hot watei-. He hes ascer- tained by experience that hot water lias the etl'ect of decompos^Jng the virus, and if applied in time renders cauterization unneces.sary; in that case all that is to be done after well bathing the part as stated, is to apply the solution of caustic potash to the wound with a bi-i^-sli and anoint it with antimon}' ointment. Apply ice to the spina' colupnn. Appendix to Medical JDepartmeni. ijg this is effectual ; or wasli well with a strong decoction of tobacco, and then bind wetted tobacco on tlie wound, or take a pound of salt dis- solved in a quart of water, squeeze, bathe and wash the wound with this liquid for one or two hours, then bind some salt upon it for ten or twelve hours; or, mix powdered liverwort, 4drs. ; black pepper, 2 drs.; divide this into four parts, and take one in warm milk for four morn- ings, fasting. Dr. Mead affirms he never knew this to fail. — Wesley. ITCH.^It is a skin disease, infectious. Sometimes it is caused by' poor living, unwholesome food, bad air, iinventilated and dirty houses, dirty beds and clothes. The itch begins with small eruptions on the Joints of the fingers, on the wrists, thighs, etc. They cause a most intolerable itching, the scratching of which only spreads the disease. Remedies. — Sweet oil, 1 lb.; suet, 1 lb. Melt and macerate; then add powdered nitre, 3 ozs. ; powdered alum, 3 ozs.; powdered sulphate of zinc, 3 ozs.; oil of anise-seed, oil of spike, and oil of >xigan- •ira, to perfume; or, mix 2 ozs. of lard with 1 oz. of suiphur-vivum, ind a few drops of essence of lemons. Before going to bed rub this ivell into tlie affected parts. In the morning wash with soap anu «rarm water; change the linen and clothes. Repeat the application, f necessary. Take at the same time flour of sulphur and cream-of- artai-, in milk, beer, or molasses. Frequently take a warm hath. The greatest cures have been effected Wash the parts affected with strong rum. — Tried. Or, anoint them «rith black soap, but wash it oflfsoon; or, steep a shirt half an hour in s, quart of water mixed with half an ounce of powdered brimstone. Dry it slowly, and wear it five or six days. Sometimes It needs re- peating. — Tried; or^ mix powder of white hellebore with cream for three days. Anoint the joints for three mornings and evenings. It seldom fails; or, beat together the juice of two or three lemons, with the same quantity of oil of roses. Anoint the parts affected. It cures to two or three times using. The following is said soon to effect a cure : Sulphur-vivum, Venice mrpentine, 1 oz. each; lard, % oz. Melt the lard and turpentine; add Ihe sulphur. Apply several times a day. Or, wash the body well in warm water, and rub it with the follow- ing-preparation: Lime, 3 ozs. : sulphur-vivum, 2 ozs. Mix in 1 qt. of waiier. Pour off, and use it when clear. A decoction of white hellebore, with a little lavender water, has been recommended. IRRITATING PLASTER.— Burgundy-pitch and bees-wax, U lb. each ; thick tar, y^ lb. ; Venice turpentine, 34 oz. Melt well and mix on a slow fire. "When cold, mix with them powdered blood-root, poke-root, and a little cayenne. Spread on linen or soft leather. Tliis plaster is counter-irritant, causes eruptions, and is a good curative for old sores and ulcers. It is highly recommended. HICCOUGH. — Commonly called Hiccup. A spasmodic affection of the diaphragm, in which the muscles of respiration and of the larynx are more or less involved. Hiccough may occur from eating too hastily after a lengthened fast, from drinking cold water, or from many causes affecting the stomach. As a symptom towards the end of fever, or in gangrene, it is always regarded»as the near harbinger of death. The treatment for hiccough, when a sudden ejaculation or a diver- aion of the patient's mind fails to check it, is to give 20 drops of sal volatile and 15 drops of ether in a wine glass of camphor water, oi-, in «evere «jases, 30 drops of laudanum. 236 Appendix to Medical Department. HICCUP. — Swallow a moulhful of water, stopping the mouth stufl ears. Tried. Or, take anything that makes you sneeze ; or, 3 drops o)f oil of cinnamon on a lump of sugar. — WeaUy. INDICrESTION. — It may be tlie effect or symptom of some disease, as nervous debility of the stomach, costiveness, obstructed pei-spira- tiun, want of exercise, especially in the open air, deficiency or vitiation of the gastric juice, gluttony, alcoholic drinks, depressing passions; intense study, onanism, or self-abuse, etc. Tea, coffee, and tobacco are most fruitful causes of this disease. Treatment. — Abandon, if possible, the causes which produce the effect. Give occasionally an emetic. If necessary, gentle aperients. Injections are often of great use. These methods may be repeated about once a week, till the disease abates. Emetics serve to remove morbid matter, impart new tone to the stomach, and give healthy action to the secretions. Dr. Beach recommends ^o&cZia combined with mandrake, as tlie best emetic. The bowels are best regulated by al- ways eating broicn bread; for the bran gives a more natural stimulus* to tlie liver and alimentary canal than any medicine that can be given. The use of the dyspeptic pill tends very much to improve the tone of the stomach. The restorative wine bitters cannot be too much rec- ommended. If indigestion arises from affections of the liver, treat foi the same ; especially take the liver pill with the aforesaid medicines If, from a disordered stomach, there is acidity, etc., take the neutral izing mixture. In fine, be choice in your diet ; and eat the unsifted flour, by some called ground down, or brown bread — a better name would b« — grouns altogetfier. It is the grand panacea for indigestion. The dyspeptii must avoid or take little of fat meat, butter, cheese, pastry, strong coffee, green te», and ardent spirits, which harden the food in course o\ digestion, and cause the feculent matter difficult anOl painful to be evacuated. K&t sparingly, take open air exercise as much as possible; use cold sporging. Indi^«Uon. — Prescriptions. — Dr. Babingtou's.—Infusion of Co. lumba, 6 ozs. ; carbonate of potass, 1 dr. ; compound tincture ot gentian, d drs. Mix. Three table-spoons to be taken every day af noon ; or, 'zake Gentian and Columba roots (bruised) and camomile flowers, of each 1 oz., to 3 qts. of water; boil to three pints. Dose.— Two o\ three tea-cups a day ; or, take 1 oz. each of hops and carrawaj seeds; 24 cloves; J^ oz. of senna, and 24 b'ack peppers. Boil th« whole in 3 pints of water till it is reduced to % pints. A wine glass oi (he 'nfusion to be taken twice a day, at eleven and three o'clock. Paiu in the Stomach from Bad Digestidii.^Take fasting, or in the fit, half a pint of camomile tea. Do this for 5 or 6 mornings; or, drink the juice of half a large lemon, or sweet orange, immediately after dinner every day. — Dr. Mead; or, fr^m 10 to 20 drops of elixir of vitriol in sage tea, twice or thrice a day; or in the fit a glass of vine- gar ; or, take 2 or 3 tea-spoons of stomMhlc tincture, in a glass of water, thrice a day. The tincture is made thus: Gentian root, sliced, 1 oz. ; orange peel, dried, % o's; cochineal, 15 grs. : p^-oof brandy, 1 pt; in three or four days it is fit for use. This is usefuJ in all disorders that arise from a relaxed storaacli. — Wesley. LOCKED JAW— Tetanus.— A disease in which the muscles of the body are in a state of rigidity, with occasional spasms, and excrucia- ting pain. The cause of this disease is injury done to the extremitie* of the nerves, punctured or lacerated wounds of the hands or feet; «u>r gical operations, or the use of nawjotic poisons. Appendix to Medical Department. ' 237 The muscles of the lower jaw become hard and contracted, the UHJuth is closjed, and the patient cannot open it; hence the name loviced jaw. The rigidity extends to the tongue and throat, causing great difficulty in swallowiug. Sometimes nearly the whole body is effected with the spasms. Tiieie is constriction of the breast, severe spasmodic pain in the stomach, shooting to the spine ; the face is hideously distorted, and the breathing very laborious. It is a danger- ous disease, and requires i)rompt" skillful attention. Treatment. — When the disea.«e is caused by wounds, they should^ be cleaned, and the inflammation subdued as soon as possible. If possible foment or steam over with bitter herbs, and steep in hot soap water several times a day. Then apply a poultice of slippery elm mixed wit^' lye or milk, and put on warm. Promote perspiration by means of tne vapor bath, or place hot bricks wrapped in vinegar cloths to the feet and sides. Repeat if needful. Pour into the mouth ■i tea-spoon of the anti-spasmodic tinctuie every ten minutes until the jauscles of tlie jaws relax to enable the patient to swallow. Give a tea tnade of balm and catnip. These means have often been effectual. A-dd more cayenne to the anti-spasmodic tincture if the rigidity does aot give way. An aperient or injection will also be necessary. The .after may embrace a strong decoction of lobelia, milk, molasses, sweet «1, and a little anti-spasmodic tincture. Locked Jaw. — Tetanus, or rigid spasm, and sometimes called, from .>ne of the symptoms, that of clashing the teeth, tiismus. Though trismus, or locked jaw, is one of the features of that fright- ful convulsive disease known as tetanus (where the body is sometimes bent backwards, or to either side, till it assumes the shape of a drawn DOW, the bones occasionally broken under the contractile force of the aiuscles, and the suffering of the patient intense), it frequently hap- pens that the local symptoms affecting the head and neck, resulting in locked jaw, take place without the general constitutional convulsion. [t is to this form, or trismus, that we shall, for the present, coutiue oui remarks. The causes inducing this generally fatal malady are often somt local injur}'^, such as rusty miils running into the hands or feet, bites lacerations of the nerves from foul instruments, wounds received in Jissection, and in war from the long exposure of the wounded to wet and cold. Symptoms.— These commence with pain along the course of some nerve or muscle, producing hardness and rigidity of the muscles of the chest, neck, and tliroat, accompanied with great difficulty of swallow- ing. As the d,se;ise advances, the pain and rigidity involves the chest, extends to the back and shoulders; the muscles of the face are soon afterwards thrown into violei.t action, and the jaws clash on whatever is placed in the mouth, and soon after become so completely closed that no artificial means can separate them; the eyes protrude, "the skin of the face becomes pale and corrugated, the nostrils stand stiffly out, the angles of the mouth are puckereil and drawn forcibly in, giving a ghastly and half-sardonic grin to the countenance; the breathing is Bhurt and labored, and the patient c-ndures terrible suffering. During all the time, however severely his body may be racked by pain, the patient's faculties remain clear and undisturbed. Treatment. — To reduce the spasm as quickly as possible is the flrst and most important consideration. To effect this, drachm doses of laudanum should be poured down the throat while the jaws are upart ; the body phiced up to the tliroat in a hot bath ; an injection of 238 Appendix to Medical Department. warm <;:ruel, tincture of assafoetida, and turpentine thrown in quanthy up the bowels; and, tinally, the whole spinal column rubbed with t> strong embrocation of oil of amber, turpentine, ammonia, and cam- phoratedoil; long strips of brown paper are tiien to be laid along the wet spine, and a hot flat iron passed a few times hastily over the paper, so as to drive the embrocation into the nervous centre by tlie heat of the iron. If the jaws have become early locked, one or two of the front teeth must be drawn out by the claw of tiie tooth-key, the tube of th« stomach-pump passed down tlie gullet, and the laudanum — or lauda- num, gruel, and ammonia — pumped into tlie stomach. Should there be no convenience for a hot bath, one or more blankets can be soaked in very hot water, hastily wrung out, and the patient, previously stripped, instantly enveloped in both, laid in bed, and covered over with extra clothes. Chloroform promises to be the best remedy to reduce the spasms and relieve the patient of his suftering, and should be properly admin- istered by a medical man as soon as possible. Another remedy mucl' recommended for this disease is Indian iiemp. See "Tetanus." LUXGrS. — Inflammation of. — Sometimes the disease effects on^ lobe of the lungs, and sometimes both. Males are more subject to i* than females. Fi'equent colds, wet feet, intemperance, over exertion and natural debility of the lungs induces this comphiint. It gener.iUy begins with cold shiverings, followed by hot fever dull pains in the chest or side, cough, and very laborious breathing the pulse is full and quick, the bowels are often constipated, tlie urin» deficient, tbe skin dry and burning, tlie expectoration scanty, but it gradually increasing, and sometimes it contains blood. It is a very dangerous disease ; as it may j^roceed with such violence as to canst an effusion of blood or Ijaiiph into the texture of the lungs, as to caus« suffocation. Treatment. — Avoid bleeding by the lancet. Dr. Beach says. ''AH t^e blood in the body must pass through the lungs, after reach ing the heart, before it can be agiin circulated; but in this diseas* they are unable to perforin tliis double duty from the great amount which has been distributed to them. As these organs have becomi unduly loaded; impeding respiration, etc., tlie obvious indication is- instead of abstracting, or rather attempting it — to return it to iti original channels, and thus remove the burden under which tliej labor. Bleeding will not att'ect this; but, on the contrary, it will sc weaken or paralyze the heart, which is laboring to accomplish thi? object, that prostration, and often death, are the consequences." Give sudoritic medicines to produce free and copious perspiration , and for this purpose give a mipor hath, using an infusion of bitter herbs, as hops, camomile flowers, pennyroyal, tansv, catnip ; ad.l vinegar; cover, and infuse two ortliree hours. It should be re))eated. If the patient cannot bear the fatigue of the bath, place hot bricks, 0/ bottles, to the sides and feet. Give also sudorific powders, which see, until the breathing is relieved, and free perspiration induced. As aoor as the patient is relieved, the bowels must be regulated by giving a gentle purge, and also an emetic; repeat, if necessary; continue the sudorific powders; as these means are calculated to unload the chest, and return the blood to its foi-mer state. Injections, where the feces are hard, and the bowels lethargic, are of great importance, and should be given occasionally. If the cough is troublesome, give some of the eough ren^pflies, or the expectorant sprup, or cough pills. The inhala- Appendix to Medical Department. 239 aon of the steam of bitter herbs while infusing in boiling water serves to ;lecrease the tightness of the lungs, and to promote expectoration. This should be repeated several times a day. Should there be much irritation, or spasmodic affection, use the pulmonary syrup. Bathe the feet occasionally in warm water. Mu- cilaginous drinks should be taken, as linseed, with a little lemon juice. An infusion of horehound, boneset, catnip, with slippery elm, sweet- ened with the finest sugar, or sugar-candy, is a very proper drink. Great attention must be paid to diet; it should be simple and easy of digestion; as arrow-root, sago, beef-tea, without or with little salt. When the inflammation is subdued, and the tongue is clean, give ton- ics, or tlie composition powder. NAILS.— Growing into the Flesh.— Cut a notch in the middle of the nail every time the nail is pared. The disposition to close the notch draws the nail up from the sides. Nails, To Whiten.— Wash them with turpentine, then with soap and water, next with a solution of oxalic acid, and lastly, wash the hands well in warm water. NOISE IN THE EARS.— This is a symptom either of a distended stomach or a condition of congestion of the vessels of the neck and head, and in all cases should be attended to at once, especially in thick- necked and plethoric persons. When the stomach is the cause of the drumming, roaring and other noises heard, the organ should be relieved by an emetic or purgative; and when it arises from fullness of the vessels, either local or general bleeding must be adopted to reduce the circulation, as explained under Apoplexy and Congestion. Noise in the Ears. — ^Drop in juice of onions. PAIN IN THE BACK.— Steep root of water-fern in water, till the svater becomes thick and clammy; then rub the parts therewith morn- ing and evening ; or, apply a plaster, and take, daily,balsam of copaiba ; or, apply garlic and hog's lard to tlie feet. — Wesley. PAliNS IN THE HEAD AND FACE.— Take half a pint of rose- water, two tea-spoons of white vinegar, and form a lotion. Apply it to the affected part three times u day. It requires fresh linen and lotion each application ; this will in two or three days, gradually take the pain away. PAINS IN THE JOINTS.— Make a poultice of the young leaves of Rag-wort, and put on as hot as can be borne. PAIN IN THE SIDE.— At bed-time apply a fresh cabbage leaf, warmed by the fire, and bind it tightly round the body for twelve hours, or more. The first application gives relief; if not, apply a second Icftf^ PIMPLES.— They generally arise from indigestion, or some in- ternal derangement; therefore the disease should be attacked at the root. Take the following: Tincture of cardamons, 1 dr.; ipecacuanha wine, and a tea-spoon of flour of sulphur, with a glass of sherry or ginger wine. Take this on going to bed; repeat it every second or third night, and keep the bowels gently open. It is good to wash the face with warm water. Rub a sponge over old Windsor soap, and dip in warm water and apply. Glycerine soap is very useful. A weak solution of sugar of lead, or sulphate of zinc, sometimes is effectual. JAUNDICE.— From the French word, jawne, y^ow. This disease is known by the yellow color of the eyes, skin, and urine. The stools are either white or grey, caused by the absence of bile; and there is »ften pain in the right side, arising from the state of the liver; also, 240 Appendix to Medieal Department. mental depression, constipation, headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomit- ing. Jaundice is caused by obstructed secretion, or by a reabsorption of the bile. Hence it appears that the yellowness of the skin is pro. duced by bile taken up into the circulation, the effect of those causes. When large gall-stones get into the gall-ducts, they cause jaundice and verj' severe pain. When they pass awaj- a cure soon takes place. Should the color of the skin become very dark-colored, it is an indica- tion of some incurable organic disease of the liver. Treatment. — Those means must be used which will promote the secretions, and the regular flow of bile. Give an aperient composed of senna, camomile flowers, ginger, and powdered jalap, of each 1 oz. Mix. Take half a tea-spoon in a little warm tea. After it has operated, give the common Emetic. Keep the bowels always gently open; and give the Liver Pill. Dr. Beach says, "In obstinate cases, the barberry root, cut up, and infused in cider, may be taken, and the purgative repeated, and the emetic also, if necessary. Common soot (he must mean wood-soot, pecu liar to this country) scraped from the chimney, enclosed in linen, anc boiled in water, makes a liquid which will be found very efficacious; ii may be taken alternately with the other medicine," If the pain on the right side is severe, use fomentations of the de coction of hops. Use the vapor bath, and take some of the Sudorifi< Powder; for such means tend to relax the biliary duct, that the gall stones may pass away. Let the diet be light and nourishing. Tli' following decoction is useful: Burdock root, 1 oz, ; agrimony, 1 oz. water, 2 qts. ; boil down to 3 pts. Dose. -A wine glass two or three times a day. Dr. A. Hunter recommends eggs. He etates that the yolk of ai' egg is the most salutary of all animal subst.>> nces. In jaundice no foo' is equal to it. "When the gall is too weak, or by accidental means, does not flow sufficiently into the duodenum, o-ir food which consist'^ of watery and oily parts, cannot unite so as to become chyle. Th* yolk of an egg unites the water and oil into a uniform- substance thereby supplying the deficiency of natural bile." Or, take a small pill of castile soap every mor'>ing for eight or ter days. — Tried. — Or, beat the white of an %^g thin; take it morning anc evening in a glass of water. Or, half a pint of strong decoction O' nettles, or of burdock leaves morning and evening. Or, boil 3 ounces of burdock root, in two quarts of water to 3 pints. Drink a tea-cup oi this every morning. — Wesley. The plant Bitter-sweet has been very useful in this disease. Se< Robinson's Herbal, for that plant, also Jaundice. Jaundice.— One penny-worth of allspice, ditto of flour of brim- stone, ditto of turmeric; these to be well pounded together, and after- wards to be mixed with half a pouiid of molasses. Two table-spoons to be taken every day. LIVER COMPLAIANT Take 4 lbs. of dandelion roots, bruise and press out the juice; run it through a muslin bag, and bottle it. Of this take two table-spoons three or four times a day. Drink occasionally of the following decoction: take the bruised roots above mentioned, a small hnndful of agrimony, and 2 ozs. of burdock, root, to 3 qts. of water — boil to 2 qts. Of this take four half-pints a day. Liver — Inflammation of. — This disease generally begins with a sense of weight, or pain in the right side, about the false ribs. Thft pain often extends to the top of the right shoulder. Tiie stomach and Jtppendix to Medical Department. 241 iKv^relg are disordered ; the appetite is impaired ; the patient has sick- ness, orten vornil.i bilious matter; there is a dry cough, oppressive breathing, a difficulty of lying on the right side; costiveness, emacia- tion, debility, hard and frequent pulse, and a sallow complexion. The office of the liver is to secrete the bile, the origin of which is this: the dark venous blood, passing through the liver on its way back to Mie heart, is there divested of its noxious matter, consisting largely of Carbon, and so made lie for re-entering into the arterial circulation. A portion of the matter so separated from the blood is the hUe, which Is discharged into the duodenum, and there mixes with the digested food, and performs the impo/-tant office of fitting it for absorption into the system. The bile thus n/txed with the elements of nutrition is also absorbed, and it is probaMe that it is adapted and designed to support the processes of respiratory combustion. It is the bile that pves the color to the feces, wliich indicate a healthy flow of the bile when they are the color of rhubarb. When, owing to some functional Jerangement, the bile mixes wlt^i the blood in its circulation, it is in-^- dicated by yellowness of complexion, in jaundice, and by the symp- Vjms previously described. The healthy flow of bile is ia'jerrupted frequently by high living, obstructed perspiration, the driiijcing of wines, malt liquors, and specially ardent spirits, and dram drinking. Dr. Graham judiciously observes: "The term liter complaint is MOW far too indiscriminately used. It is properly applied to designate Usease in the texture of the liver; bat the majority of the maladies '».lled by that name, are in reality suvere disorders of the digestive •^nal, that is, chronic affection of the stomach and intestines." The symptoms which indicate affections of the liver, are increasing •lebility and emaciation, the pain and u.ieasiness at the right side ex- tending to the shoulder, loss of appetite, full and hard pulse, etc. But u> digestive disease, the loss of flesh is niyt so great, the breatning is "xot so laborious, and the pain is more in the region of the stomach. Treatment. — The first ihing to do is to lessen the undue deter- mination of the blood to the part by equalizing its circulation, and restoring the proper secretions. This will be effected by moderating the diet, living low, avoiding all stimulavits, condiments, etc. Give the vapor bath, and the sudorific powdera, to promote copious per- spiration. Take gentle aperients; as, senna, manna, cream-of -tartar, and fennel seed. The bowels should be moved at least once a day. All violent purgatives are to be avoided; they must be gentle. In weak constitutions, a decoction of tamarinds, sweetened with manna, often answers the purpose ; but if not sufficiently strong add a little senna. Mild laxative injections occasionally are of great service. If there should be vomiting, mix supercarbonate of potash, 1 dr., with % pt. of peppermint water; and take a table-spoon whenever the vomiting returns. If the pain is severe, foment the side with a hot decoction of bitter herbs, as hops, etc. ; or the Anodyne Fomentation ; or apply the Stimulating Liniment. A poultice made of bran, or oatmeal, with a little mustard and cayenne pepper, and mixed with vinegar, and formed into a plaster or poultice, will be found to be invaluable. A mustard plaster is also applicable, and ans- wers better than a blister plaster, though it may be applied it the pain be obstinate; give also 10 grs. of the Diaphoretic Powders, for they allay pain, and promote sleep. If the sickness and irritation of the stomach continue, give an «metic, and repeat every day, if necessary. 242 Appendix to Medical Department* Medicines which promote the secretions of the urii^e h>jve a very good effect here. (See "Diuretic Drops," etc.) Or, take '% dr. ot purified nitre; or a tea-spoon of sweet spirits of nitre in gruel or balm tea three or four times a day. Continue this treatment till the sj'mp- toms are subdued. Chronic disease of the liver arises chiefly from the induration and torpidity of the liver; therefore, the object must be to correct the dis- ordered state of the stomach and bowels, and to give tone and activity to the liver. This may be effected by the vapor bath, emetics, and sponging the body with the Stimulating Liniment; by the use of tiie Liver Pill, or Dyspeptic Pill, etc., which see. Apply to the painful part the Irritating Plaster. Liver PiU. — 1 oz. each of powdered blood-root, powdered man- drake, and extract of dandelion, to which add 2 drs. of powdered senna. Add a few drops of oil of spearmint, or peppermint, and form into pills. Take two or three night and morning. This pill is a sovereign remedy for inflammation of the liver, and for jaundice. NETTLE RASH. — So called from its resemblance to that pro- duced by the stinging of nettles. The skin is raised, and whitish on the top; it is attended with itching and tingling. It is a very miW disease, and seldom requires much medicine. The following remedie« have been recommended: An equal proportion of oil, vinegar, and spirit of wine, applied t* the skin, will afford temporary relief for the itching. Take, at tht same time, 6 grs. of magnesia in a glass of lime-water three times a day; or rub the part well with parsley. But it is best to give the vapor bath of bitter decoction, and applj t« the part the stimulating liniment, and an aperient; or applj' tincture of lobelia and tincture of myrrh, mixed, to the skin. Sponge the body every morning in salt and water. Weak camphorated spirit is a good rubefacient in this disease. An emetic sometimes effectualJy dislodges the disease. NEURALGIA or TIC DOLOUREUX.— Put half a drachm of sal ammonia in an ounce of camphor water. Take a tea-spoon at a dos(? and repeat the dose several tim^s at intervals of five minutes, if th<: pain be not relieved at once. This medicine has generally cured. Or, take extract of valerian, 2 ozs.; henbane, \% ozs.; aconite, % oz. Mix well, and with oil of lavender, form into pills. Take one oi two every four hours. It acts like a charm on neuralgia, and all nervous disorders ; or, apply bruised horse-raddish to the part affected. Chloroform has recently been applied to the parts affected with neu- ralgia. Indeed it is made a patent medicine for "Tic." A piece of lint should be soaked in it, and applied; cover it with flannel. NEUTRALIZING MIXTURE.— Powdered rhubarb, 3 scrs.; sal- eratus, or crude bicarbonate of potash, 3 scrs. ; powdered peppermint plant, 3 scrs ; boiling water, % Pt- i decoction of anise-seed, % pt. Mix. Strain, sweeten with sugar, and add three table-spoons of brandy. Take one or two table-spoons as oft as the symptoms require it. For children a less dose. Very valuable in cholera, bowel complaints of children, laxity of the bowels, flux, etc. An infallible remedy. NIGHTMARE. — The complaint always happens during disturbed sleep. It comos on with a sense of great weight on the chest, and a dreaming of s^niething very frightful and horrible, bad persons, spectre.* o< various Shanes- wild beasts infunated animals in pursuit and which tnepatieni cannot escape, though apparently be makes. ^ dr. ; com' pound tincture of cardamom, 3^ oz. ; oil of lavender, 8 drops; mint water, 3 ozs.; mix, and take in two or three doses. It is invaluable. Nervous Pill. — Assafoetida, extract of hops, carbonate of ammonia, of each, loz. ; extract of valerian, 20 grs. Dissolve the first two in- gredients over the fire, then take off, and add the others; mix well, and with a few droijs of the oil of lavender, and a little powdered licorice, form into pills. DosE. — One or two once or twice a day.— Vcduable in all nervous and hysterical disorders. Nervous Tincture.— Compound tincture of bark, 2 ozs. ; amraon- iated tincture of valerian, 13^ ozs ; compound tincture of aloes, % ^^' Mix. Good for general weakness, low spirits, and nervous irritability. Two tea-spoons twice a day. NETTLE. — The nettles make a good rubefacient for limbs cold, benumbed, and torpid. Paralytic parts being beaten and stung with this herb, have regained their vigor, and limbs which have lost their use by rheumatism. The juice is astringent, and is good in graveUy complaints, internal hemorrhage, and spitting of blood. A decocotion is excellent in scurvy. The decoction is valuable in cases of bloody virine. The seeds and flowers of the nettle are as good a tonic as Peruvian bark in fevers and ague. About a drachm given in wine. A decoction of the root is most valuable in diarrhea and dysentery, or laxity of the bowels and bloody flux. It should be sweetened. Cancers, it has been said, have yielded to the juice of nettles, as much as four ounces having been taken in a day. — See Rob- inson's Herbal. TIC-DOULOUREUX, or a p«inful spasm ; a name given by French physicians to an aggravated condition of neuralgia, afffecting the nerves of the whole or one-half of the face or head. The peculiarity of this disease is that it commences without a moment's warning, seizing on the nerves of the face with the most violent pain, and continuing for an indefinite time tc !;crt'are the patient with the most excruciating agony, frequently terminating as suddenly as it came on, though some- times gradually subsiding in its intensity. Branches of the 5th pair, or trifacial nerves, are the parts generally attacked, especially the supra and infra orbiUU, and the maxillary branch, and a line drawn from the centre of the eyebrow in a straight line to the lower jaw will cover the three points where the pain is usually felt most agonizing; a filament from each branch escaping on to the face bj^ three small apertures, — one above the brow, the other under the orbit, and the third midway between the chin and the angle of the jaw. This mf«t distressing disease generally attacks those whose digestive organs :Me faulty, selecting rathei the weakly than the robust, and those wh(fie t-jonstitutions have been much deranged by a long residence in a wai m Appendix to Medical Department, 245 ntniHte, and more particularly those who have fiiftered much from trouiHls and Injuries to the head ; in fact, whatever may have been the remote Induc-einent, an unhealtliy state of the stomach and bowels is iu ail cases the immediate cause of an attack of this disease; however much tlie nervous system may be or lias been irritated, it is to some deran may rack him for hours with a rigid spasm of the nerves and a convul-? sive twitching of tiie facial muscles, or it may only endure for a few''- minutes and not recur for weeks or months, or it may revisit him at every change of the Avind to the east, or it may become periodical, and recur at regular intervals, like an ague. The Treatment. — In all cases where the pain can be endured for some time, to allow of the action of aperient medicine, the treat- ment should commence by giving one or two of the compound assafoe- tida pills, and if there is any acidity in the stomach, by ordering a draught composed of b'O grs! of bicarbonate of potass, orcarbonate of soda, dissolved in a wine glass ot camphor water, with 1 dr. of the aromatic tincture; this draught to be repeated every six or eight hours if necessary. To promote digestion, when a want of tone in the stomach is regarded as an exciting cause, a tea-spoon of Gregory's powder, with 5 grains of Colombo powder, should be taken in a little peppermint water an hour before eacli meal ; at the same time, care should be taken to keep the skin clean and healthy by a warm bath, and the free use of the llesh-brusli. When, as is sometimes the case, the state of the mouth and gums and the condition of the teeth is an exciting cause, the evil should be at once remedied; the teeth, if necessary, scaled, the decayed and irritating stumps removed, and a wasli of borax and water, with a tincture of myrrh, freely used with the tooth-brush to clean thett^etli and gums. Such are tlie means and precautions which siiould be employed in the intervals of attack, or when the pain will allow of their being adopted, to prepare the body lo resist a renewed attack of tlie disease. When, however, the paroxysm is on, and the patient almost dis- tracted with the severity of liis sufleriiig, and there is no time to wait for the action of tlie aperient medicine, relief to the symptoms must be found first, and the pain abated before the doctor troubles himself about the disease. Wlien the pain comes on in paroxysms at regular recurring inter- vals, the remedies, as in intermittent fever, can only be given with a hope of benefit an hour or two 6«/lwe the expected attack. In such cases the best means to emplo}' are the following, taking the draught two hours before the paroxysm, and the pills as directed: Take of sulphate of quinine, 10 grs.; infusion of roses, 12 drs. ; tincture of ginger. 3^ dr. Mix, and make a draught, to be taken, if possible, two hours before the attack. Take of sulphate of quinine, 6 grs.; tartar emetic, "% gr. ; powder- ed opium, 2grs. ; extract of poppy, enough to make a mass, which divide into three pills, one pUl to be taken every half hour after the draught. As a general rule quinine should not be given till the bowels have been opened; should they not have been so within twelve hours, an aperient pill and draught must be given soon after the above medicines, to prevent their acting hartfully on the head. 246 Appendix to Me die at Department, In thin, delicate, or inflammatory subjects, instead of •& druiigtn and pills the following powders may be beneticlally employed: Take of carbonate of iron, 1 dr. ; sulphate of quinine, 15 grs. ; aromatic powder, 1 dr. Mix, and divide into four powders: one to be given every half hour before the expected time of attack. To afford relief during the paroxysm of pain, and where no med- icine has been previously given, a suppository of 10 grains of soft opium should be immediately passed up the rectum, and the following •Iraught taken as soon after as possible, followed every quarter of an nour, till relief is obtained, by a claret glass of port wine : Take of sulphate of quinine, 6grs. ; brandy, J^ oz.; laudanum, 45 drops; sal-volatile, spirits, 1 dr.; sulphuric ether, 25 drops; water, 1 oz. Mix: to be drank instantly. An emetic, in many instances, will arrest the acute agony of the pain, and where no cause prevents its use, should be employed; in such cases, one-half the doses given in these last prescriptions will be found sufficient to break the force of the paroxysm. The discovery of chloroform has placed in the physician's hand a powerful agent for good in such cases ; but as veiy great danger attends its indiscriminate use, and as it should never be given but under the eye of a medical man, we have purposely refrained from prescribing it. (See " Neuralgia.") PILES. — An enlargement of the veins at the lower termination of the intestines, frequently causing great pain, bleeding, and difficult evacuation. The tumors are seated sometimes externally, and some- times within the verge of the anus, for the most part attended with a discharge of blood ; these are called bleeding piles. When no blood is discharged, they are termed blind piles; and, when the discharge is only serum, white piles. It is most frequently caused by costiveness, by pregnancy, and a sedentary life, by strong purgatives, and by dram-drinking. The piles are sometimes the effect of relaxation and debility, and not un- frequently result from an inflammatory action in the rectum, and a diminished secretion of mucus from its inner membrane. Treatment. — When piles are caused by constipation, and a de- bilitated state of the bowels, it is needful to open them, and keep them so by gentle aperients. Medicines which act moderately upon the bowels, are calculated to remove that morbid state of the liver and stomach which often causes the complaint. The patient may take sul- phur, cream-of-tartar, confection of senna, and the lenitive electuary; but all strong purgatives must be avoided. Mix sulphur, % oz.; confection of senna, 2 ozs. ; saltpeti'e, 3 drs.; and as much syrup of orange as will give the mixture a proper con- sistence. About the size of a nutmeg must be taken two or three times a day. It is very soothing and healing to steam the parts with a sitz bath made of a strong decoction of bitter herbs; as hops, catnip, tansy, pennyroyal, and camomile flowers. Pour upon them boiling water and vinegar. Infuse some time ; boil again, and let the steam ap- proach the parts. A cold water cloth has been found of great service. Dip a cloth into cold water; let the cloth be four-fold; apply it close, and press it to with a dry cloth ; as it warms, re-dip into cold water; do this several times; then convey into the anus some pure tallow or lard, or the pile ointment, described at the end of this article. A slippery elm poul- tice, made with milk aud water to a proper consistence, may also bv Appendix to Medicat Department, ^41 applied. The slippery elm is both cooling and healing. Ten drops of laudanum may be added to the poultice. When there is great constipation, an emolient injection is indi- cated. Take },£ Pt- of water, J^ a dessert-spoon of salt, and 1 oz. of castor oil. Retain it as long as possible. The following injection is recommended by Dr. Simmons : Witch hazel leaves, J^ oz.; cranesbill, }4 oz.; meadow fern burrs, 1 oz.; slippery elm, 2 drs.; mix the powders well together, and pour upon them 1}^ pts. of boiling water. Infuse for 4 hours, and strain it. In the morning use J^ pt. for an injection, and at night not quite 30 much, and retain it, if possible, all night. Repeat as often as necessary. The raarshmallow ointment is also very useful. For blind piles the tincture of lobelia is very good; so also is brandy, a little diluted, applied frequently. It is a good plan to cleanse the anus night and morning with soft «oap and water; then using tallow or the pilewort ointment, or any of the ointments for the piles. It is good to wash the anus after every evacuation. Generally speaking, the application of cold water is more effectual than warm water for fomenting, etc.; but this must be de- jided by the patient, as warm water in some states of the piles is very joothing. To effect a cure, the bowels must be kept regularly open. Take Epsom salts, }4 oz. ; infusion of senna, 6 drs. ; tincture of senna, 3 irs. ; decoction of bark, 1 oz. , spearmint water, 1 oz. ; water, 4 ozs. ; best manna, 3 drs. Mix, and take from 3 to 6 table-spoons every morning, or every other day. The diet should be chiefly vegetable till ihe disease is gone. Or, take a gentle aperient also every other night, and on the alternate night the tonic pill (which see). When the constitution has become habituated to the disease, stim- alants, as pepper and ginger, taken with the aliment, often afford considerable relief. Elecampene root, 3 ozs.; sweet fennel-seed pow- der, 3 ozs.; black pepper powder, 1 oz.; milk of sulphur, 1 oz.; puri- fied honey, 2 ozs. ; brown sugar, and molasses, of each IJ^ ozs. Mix the first four ingredients; melt the honey, sugar, and molasses, and then mix all together. About the size of a nutmeg to be taken two or three times a day. The decoction of oak bark is said to be a good remedy for piles. *' Aloes," says Dr Buchan, "which form a principal part of the advertised pills, are frequently the cause of piles. Therefore persons subject to them should avoid all aloetic purges. An habitual costive- ness is much more effectually and safely removed by a spoonful of castor oil taken occasionally in an evening." A weak solution of sugar of lead with a little laudanum is useful when the piles are very pain- ful. Powdered galls and hog's lard form a good ointment. Henbane leaves powdered and mixed with slippery elm and sweet oil, and six drops of laudanum, form a good application. The pain is often re- moved by an emetic, or by taking twice a day 20 or 30 drops of balsan: of copaiba on loaf sugar, or in a little peppermint water. The vapor of boiling water over leeks is useful. Piles, Bleeding. — Lightly boil the juice of nettles with a little sugar; take 2 ozs. It seldom needs repeating. — Wesley. Piles, To Cure. — Apply warm molasses. Or, a tobacco-leaf steeped in water 24 hours. Or, a poultice of boiled brook-lime; it seldom fails. Or, a bruised onion, skinned, or roasted in ashes; it perfectly cures the dry piles. Or, fumigate with vinegar, wherein »ed 248 Appendix to Medical Department. hot flints have been quenched; this softens even schirrous tumors.-^ Wedey. Inward Piles. — Swallow a pill of pitch, fasting. One i:ill usually cures tlie bleeding piles. Or, eat a large leek, boiled. Or, take twice a day as much as lies on a shilling of the thin skin of walnuts, pow- dered. — Wesley. Piles, Ointment for. — Take of emolient ointment, 2 ozs. ; liquid laudanum, J^ oz. Mix these ingredients with the yolk of an ^%g^ and work them well together. Pilewort Ointment, Improved.— The plant, pilewort, (ranuncu- lus ficaria,) flowers in March and April. It should be gathered when in bloom, chopped extremely line, after tlie roots and plant have been well washed. Boll in lard, without burning, two hours, stix-riog all tlie time. Strain while hot. Add 1 dr. of belhidonna, 1 dr. each of opium and camphor, powdei'ed. Mix, and make an ointment. PLEURISY. — Pleurisy is inflammation of the membrane termed pleura, which covers the lungs, and lines the internal surface of the chest. It is caused by obstructed perspiration, through exposure to cold, bleak winds; di-inking cold liquors when the body is hot; sleep- ing out doors, or on the damp ground; wet clothes; exposure to tlie cold air when in a state of perspiration. It may also be caused by drinking strong liquors, by the stopping of the usual evacuations etc., etc. The SYMPTOMS are shivering, pain in the head, back, stomach > sickness, and vomiting, despondency, violent pain in one or both sides, difficult breathing, high fever, thirst; the pain is greater when cough- ing, or when taking in a full breath; the pulse is hard, strong, and frequent. Treatment. — In this disease the temperature of the whole body and its extremities is diminished, while the heat in the affected part h greatly augmented. Allopathists would recur to bleeding at once; but that system of depletion is not necessary. Common sense says, equaL ize the circulation of the blood, and this can only be done by restoring that which has been partially lost or dimini^lied, viz., vitality or heat The disease has been caused by cold ; it must be cured br a wise ap plication of heat. Do this at the very beginning of the disease befor«; the patient is debilitated. Give a vapor ^bath; or bath'i the feet iu warm water, and apply hot bricks wrapped in water and vinegar cloths while the patient is in bed. Give also an eme^Ac at the same time. When the emetic has taken eff'ect, give imme^'.iately two table, spoons of the sudorific tincture, or half a tea-spoon of the sudorific powders. Continue them, to keep up a gentle moi'?T,i;re on the skin. If they cause vomiting, never mind, for it helps to cure. At night bathe the legs up to the knees in warm -water, with a little soap or soda in, for about ten minutes. Let warm herb tea be constantly drank, as balm, hyssop, catni|i, pennyroyal, etc Apply the rheumatic liquid to the chest or sides; or fomentations of bitter herbs, as hops, tansy, etc., to which add some cayenne tinor ture. Salt, cayenne, and brandy, well simmered, and made strong, form an excellent application for pleuritic pains. These means seldom fail to arrest the disease. It may be added, if the bowels are constipated, give a gentle injection, and "a gentle aperient. Let the diet be very simple, as sago gruel, arrow-root gruel, common gruel with a squeeze of lemon, etc. During the progress of the disease the coujrh piU, .and the pulmonary syrup, will be of great service. After the pVemiti* fif^endix to Medical Department. 249 Byiuptaras a*e gone, take the composition powcrer, ana any of tiie lObic bitters. Pleurisy Root. — An American plant. It is expectoriuit, sub- tonic, astringent, diaplioretic, carminative, anti-sp:isinodic, diuretic, etc. It promotes perspiration. It is a valuable medicine for the lungs, promoting expectoration, alleviating difficult breathing in asthma, and especially in pleurisy; hence its name. It is valuable in all fevers; in colics and griping, acute pains in the storaacii, and female complaints, as copious menstruation, spasms, and nervous debility. It is a specilic in measles. The dose of the root in powder is from 15 to 30 grs. three times a day. Nearly a cup of the decoction may be taken nearly as often. PALPITATIOX OF THE HEART.— This is a very strong pulsa- tion of the heart, sometimes only occasional, but often continual. It arises from morbid irritability of tlie heart; it is often purely nervous, caused, in some cases, by the disordered state of the stomach and bowels, by alcoholic drinks, by excessive venery, by extreme grief, and disappointments prejing upon the spirits, all tending to weaken the nervous system. It is sometimes a symptom of other diseases, as indigestion, hysteria. The beating is frequently so violent as to be heard at a considerable distance, and sometimes the effects of the in- creased action of the heart may be seen on the outside of the clothes. The pulse at the same time is very irregular, and often intermittent. Palpitation of the heart is not to be neglected, as it may lead to serious consequences. The treatment of this disease is much similar to that for indiges- tion. The treatment must depend on the state of the body ; for paj- pitation may be the effect of increased vitality, or fullness, or Of debility and relaxation, etc. If the system be in a plethoric state, (fullness,) aperients and a spare diet must be enjoined. Avoid all stimulants. In case of general debility, 20 drops of ether, w^ith 1 tea- spoon of tincture of castor, in a wine-glass of the infusion of valerian, two or three times a day. When it arises from disease of the heart, or •yt the large vessels, then avoid plethora, much bodily exertion, full jieals, and excesses of every kind. The following mixture is valu- able : Tincture of henbane, 3 ozs. ; tincture of fox-glove, 3 drs. ; sweet spirits of nitre, % oz. ; mix. A tea-spoon and a half to be taken two or three times a day in a glass of water. If the action of the heart is very violent, apply a mustard plaster to the left side, or strong hop and poppy-head fomentations. Two grains of hemlock powder may also be taken every seven or eight hours. After the cessation of palpitation, take tonics, sponge the breast with tepid or cold water, and gentle exercise in the open air. Palpitation of tiie Heart Cured by Soda- Water. — A lady, about forty years of age, had suffered twelve yeai's from periodical attacks of palpitation of the heart, so violent as to shake the bed on which the patient lay. During one attack, feeling thirsty, she expressed a desire lor some soda-water. No sooner had she swallowed the first draught than her palpitation left her, and recurred no more until the period of the next attack. A.8 soon as it commenced, she sent for her medical attendant, and told him what had oc(Uirred a month previ- ously, and requested to be allowed to try the same remedy a second time. He consented, but, wishing to ascertain which of the ingredi- ents of the soda-water had relieved the complaint, he gave her a dose ti citric acid by itself. This liad no effect. He then gave her a dose i^6 Appendix to Medical Deparimetlt. of carbonate of soda, which also failed. He then mixed Che powdei's, and gave her some ordinary soda-water, placing his hand J>t the same time npon her heart. The moment she swallowed tlie first uouthfni, the palpitation ceased, and recnrred no more for tliattime. From that period, whenever the palpitation came on. siie could always stop it by this simple remedy. It appears, from the experiments, matle by med- ical men, that the carbonic acid w:is the active element in relieving the complaint, because, until the gas was liberated by the mixtuieof citric acid and the carbonate of soda, no benetit accrued. — Journal oj Health. Palpitation of the Heiirt.— To 10 drops of the tincture of fox- glove, add 10 drs. of camphor mixture, 1 dr. of tincture of columba, and 15 drops of sulphuric ether. Mix, and take 1 tea-spoon two or three times a day. Palpitation of the Heart. — Drink a pint of cold water. Or, ap- ply outwardly a rag dipped in vinegar. Or, be electrified. Or, take a decoction of mother-wort every night. — Weslei/. PALSY, OR PARALYSIS.— It is a disease of debility, or dimin- ished sensibility of the nerves, sometimes of the whole body. It is indicated by a suspension of motion, frequently of one side, rarely tha lower extremities from the loins; and it b, sometimes confined to a muscle or nerve, as of the bladder and auus, allowing the urine and feces to pass off involuntarily; sometimes the muscles of the tongue, causing stammering and loss of speech , sometimes of the optic nerves, producing gutta serena, or imperfect vision; and sometimes the nerve of the ear, causing deafness. . It is generally preceded by numbness, coldness, paleness, etc. In bad cases, where one-half of the body is paralysed, the speech is much impeded, or totally lost, and convulsions often take pla«e on the sound side. The muscles of the aftected side ot the face being relaxed, give those of the opposite side an appearance of being drawn up or con- tracted. It may be caused by an apoplectic attack, anything obstructing the flow of nervous influence from the train into the organs of mo' tion; hence, tumors, over distension and effusion, distortions of the spine, and thickening of the ligaments connecting the vertebrae, often give rise to it. The long-continued use of sedatives will likewise pi-o- duce palsy, such as constant handling of white lead; poisonous fume? of metals or minerals; translation of morbid msitter to the head; sup- pression of accustomed evacuations; pressure on the nerves by laxa- tives; fractures, wounds, or other ext»jrnal injuries, etc. Treatment. — In sudden attacks, tiie same treatment as in apop lexy. To remove spasmodic symptoms, give the anti-spasmodic tinc- ture every hour. Betwixt give the stimulating drops, followed b} herb tea. Steam the parts well with a bitter decoction of herbs; a." tansy, hops, wormwood, camomile, catnip, pennyroyal, and betony, or any other bitter herb.s. Pour l)oiling viiifegar :tnd water upon them , cover up, and let it infuse some time. Then rub tlie part with a stim- ulant, made of salt and cayenne, infused in hot vinegar; or, made of cayenne, whisky, and salt. Twice a day rub the spine of the back with the stimulating ointment; or apply mustai*d plasters: or sting the place with nettles. Eiectricity and dry fiictions are very good. Once or twice a week give the va|)or bath ; and two hours afler ruV the whole body with the stimulating liniment. Dr. Beach recom- mends the following injection: Cayenne pep])er, 1 tea-spoon; lobe- lia, 2 tea-spoons; boiling water, 1 pt". Let it infuse ; stir well, iu ordei Appendix to Medical Department. 251 \o get the strength out as soon as possible; sweeten with molasses; add \^ pt. of milk, and 1 gill of sweet oil. Give it warm, as much as the patient can bear ; this will excite action in the bowels, and promote eracuations. Salt and water will make a very good injection. If constipation should prevail, coarse, or'brown bread, should be eaten, or aperients should be taken, or a dose of castor oil; followed by the continual use of the restorative bitters, introducing the perox- ide of iron, saj' ^ oz. to 1 pt. of the bitters. Also take a nervous pill, and occasionally the alterative syrup. Let the diet be simple, light, and spare. Take abundant exercise in the open air, when the weather permits. Palsy, lafusioa for. — Take horse-radish, mustard -seed bruised, of ©ach, 4 ozs. ; outer rind of orange peel, 1 oz. ; infuse in 2 qts. of boil- ing water in a close vessel for 24 hours. In paralytic aftections, a tea- cup of this warm stimulant may be taken 3 or 4 times a day. PAINTER'S COLIC ; (see " Colic").— This is a dangerous disease; rt is attended with severe and violent pain, and paralytic symptoms, Hind sometimes with nausea, vomiting of acid bile, severe pains; spas- modic pains about the region of the navel, violently shooting to each ^ide; it is often attended by violent spasms of the bowels, with ob- stinate costiveness. If the disease is not arrested, it may terminate in .(angrene, paralysis of the limbs, etc It is caused by the absorption '»f lead into the system, chiefly by respiration; hence painters, plumb- virs, potters, miners, and white lead workers are most subject to it. Trea-TMENT. — To some extent the system is impregnated with (ead; the great object therefore must be to cause nature to expel the same. The nausea and the vomiting must be arrested by the neutral- izing mixture; give a table-spoon every half hour, or as often as vom- iting takes place; when it ceases, give :;ke aperient electuary, or the aperient tonic mixture, now and then. Wlien the first syn.ptoms appear, give an Injection as follows : Warm water, 1 pt. ; salt, 2 tea- spoons; anti-spasmodic tincture, 3 table-spoons ; and 1 table-spoon of slippery elm. Apply to the stomach and region of the navel hot fomentations of a strong decoction of hops and poppy-heads, a little anti-spasmodic tincture, and 20 or 30 drops of laudanum to a pint. Give the vapor bath daily; and afterwards appl)^ friction, and rub the body all over with the stimulating liniment. An emetic now aud then will be of great use. The injections must be repeated until eva;'u itions are ob- tained. Drink at the same time a decoction of the sudorific herbs, as balm, catnip, yarrow, peppermint, camomile, etc. If the disea.«ie abates, discontinue gradually the use of the above remedies; do not cease all at once, for the disease is a very insidious one, and may return. The application )f dry hot salt^ folded up in a bag, is a most valuable remedy. Keep it heating in ihe oven, and have two bags; change as the one cools. To remove paral3'sis in any part, apply frequently the stimulating liniment. The diet must be low and sparing. RUEUMITISM. — This disease commonly occurs in autumn and .•spring, and seldom in winter or summer, unless tiie vicissitudes of heat and cold be sudden and frecpient. In a plethoric habit, or when at- tended with fever or super-irritation, it is called acute or inflammatory ilieumatism ; and when with sub-irritation, ckroaic rheumatism. Acute Rheumatism.— Its symptoms are fever, with pain, swell- ings, and redness of tiie joints, as the knees, iiips, ankles, shoulders, elbows, wrists, etc. Tije fever rarely continues violent more than fourUtn days, although sometimes the pain keeps shifting from one 17 352 Appendix to Medical Department. joint to another for some weeks. The pain and sometimes the fever are much increased in the evening, and the former, during the nSofht, ie often acute. As the pains become fixed the fever generally abates. It is caused by exposure to cold, when the body is unusually warm, or by its partial application, or from a continuance of cold, as wet clothes, etc. Treatment. — In the first place, clear the stomach and bowels by aperients and emetics. If the skin is hot and dry, sponge the body all over with warm water and carbonate of soda, or common soda. It the skin is not very hot and dry, give the vapor bath of bitter herbs. Dry well, and apply the stimulating liniment. Repeat every day. From ten to thirty drops of colchicum or meadow saffron may be given two or three times a day, in a wine glass half full of the camphorated mixture. The diaphoretic powder is very useful in this disease ; also an aperient of senna, manna, and cream-of-tartar, in solution. Use the rheumatic liquid, except in case of great debility. In such cases, tlie camphorated spirit, combined with tincture of aconite and oil of hemlock. This is an excellent rubefacient. Apply it two or three times a day. It always reduces the swellings and mitigates the pain. The alterative syrup is very effectual in the cure of rheumatism. Chronic Rheumatism. — This sometimes succeeds the acute. It i» not so painful, but it abides longer. The period of acute rheumatism seldom exceeds 40 days ; after which, if the pain continue, it may be pronounced chronic. The joints most surrounded by muscles, and tht parts most required for bodily exertion, as the hip and the loins, ar*- commonly the seats of this complaint. When it affects the hip joint it is called Sciatica, and when situated in the loins, Lumbago. Treatment. — Keep the evacuations and secretions regular, as di- rected under acute rheumatism. Take the diaplioretic powder con stantly on going to bed. Apply to the body the rheumatic liquid Take the following: The -arsaparilla root, sliced and bniiaed, 6 ozs. ; sassafras, shavings of guiac ^\ od, licorice root of each, 1 oz. ; mezereon, 3 drs. ; distilled water 10 pt, . Macerate for 6 hours; then boil down to 5 pints; add ing the mezereon and sassafras a few minutes before taking off. Strair. for use. A pint nearly should be taken «very day. Alkalies are very useful. Take % oz. of bicarbonate of soda, ana put it into a pin^, of pure water. Dose. — A table-spoon two or three times a day. Tlift vapor bath is also very serviceable, after which rul the body well witii the stimulating liniment. It is a good thing tc envelop the joints la carded cotton, covered with oiled silk, or gutta percha sheeting ; this acts as a vapor bath, by excluding the air. White mustard seed taken inwardly may be tried; also, a decoction of Peru- vian bark, sassafras, and gum guiac. Bitters and mild purgatives render great benefit. Friction by the flesh brush, electricity, or gal- vanism, should be tried. The warm baths of Buxton and Matlock are of essential service. The miscellaneous remedies are invaluable, Rlieumatism. — To those who dwell in damp districts, or damp houses, and are hence subject to rheumatism, coughs, colds, etc., the free use of lemon juice, (when strained, and where it does not disagree with the stomach) is a most effectual preventive as well as a remedy. I have found the regular use of a wine glass or two a day so to strengthen a very delicate constitution, liable to cold on the slightest occasions, that in a short time it defied not only damp, but every in- clemency, and all exposure. A correspondent of the Medical CircwZcw vouches for the relief ho has experienced in the liberal use of I'^me (fresh lemon ) juice, while Appendix to Medical Department. 253 laborino Ainder the paroxj'sms of rheumatisln. By repeated indulgence in the above simple acid, for the space of three days, avoiding all stim- ulating liquids, the most confirmed rheumatism will, he says, relax, and the tone of the muscular and nervous system will be restored to its usual character. The fact was first established by the circumstance of the Jews being, as a general body, scarcely ever affected with the above disease, and this particular exemption from tlie malady under consid- eration, as affecting the disciples of the Hebrew persuasion, was, and has been, attributed to the very fi-ee indulgence which the above peo- ple exercise in their dietary consumption of lemoti juice. When the lemon juice disagrees, either of the two following for- mulae may be substiiuted: Lemon juice (strained or filtered) and molasses, equal parts; powdered sugar-candy, sufficient; mix intimate- ly, — a table-spoon three or four times a day. Or, take powdered rhubarb, 2 drs.; acetate of potash, 1 oz. ; f;uaiacum, 1 dr. ; sulphur, 2 ozs. ; 1 nutmeg, grated very fine ; mo- asses, 1 lb. Mix, and take two tea-spoons niglit and morning. The seat of rheumatism is in the muscles — electro-galvanism must be used ; it is generally the best plan to begin with currents of the weakest power, and gradually to increase their strength so long as the application causes no pain. Dvtmb bells should be used above all, every day ; they should never exceed in weight 1 lb. for ladies, and 4 lbs. for men. Silk is the best non-conductor of cold we have, and it is affirmed that those of the fair sex who wear tight fitting sleeves to their s' Ik dresses are not subject to rheumatism; males should wear thick silk sleeves to all their waistcoats ; they can be easily taken off", and tacked or sewn on to another vest ; besides the above precautions, flannel must be worn summer and winter by day, "but never by night,'' next the skin ; at night a small flannel spencer or jacket should be worn over the night dress. Tailors and milliners have much to answer for in introducing such modern inventions as the wide sleeves, and in like manner "the apology of a bonnet ;" this last, the cause of tic doloreux, rheumatism, etc. Rheumatism.— To prevent, wear washed wool under the feet. To cure, use the cold bath with rubbing and sweating ; or, apply, warm steams ; or, rub in warm molasses, and apply to the part brown paper smeared therewith ; change it in twelve hours; or, drink half a pint of tar- water morning and evening; or, steep six or seven cloves of garlic in a half a pint of white wine: drink it lying down. It sweats, and frequently cures at once. Or, mix flour of brimstone with honey, in equal quantities, take 3 tea-spoons at night, 2 in the morning, and 1 afterwards, morning and evening, till cured. This succeeds oftener than any remedy I have found. — Wesley. Rheumatism. — Extract of sarsaparilla, 1 oz. Triturate in 1 pt. of boiling water. Dissolve 2 drs. of iodine of potass; and begin with small doses two or three times a day. Very valuable. The application of wheat, bran, or oatmeal poultice, diluted with muriatic acid water, or the tincture of lobelia water, has often been known to give relief. Rheumatism.— Take a large handful of buckbeau, 4 ozs. of white mustard seeds, and 1 of lignum vitae, or wood of life, to 2 qts. of water; boil to 3 pts. Dose. — Tliree tea-cups a day. Use also the fol- lowing liniment . Take of sal-volatile, 3oz8. ; oil, 1 oz. ; camphor, ^ oz.; laudanum, I oz. Rub the part affected with this liniment three bues a day. Rhaumati^mi Embrocation for, and for Lumbago or Strains.— 254 Appendix to Medical Department. Spirits of turpentine, % oz. ; strongest camphorated %\nr\\, % o^-- ^ raw egg; best vinegar, y^ pt. Well mix the whole, and keep It closely corked. To be rubbed in three or four times a day. For rheumatism in the head, or face-ache, rub all over the back of the head and neck, as well as the part wliich is the immediate seat of pain. Rlieiimatisin, Embrocation for.— Olive oil, 2 ozs.; water of am- monia, 2 drs. ; oil of rosemary, 10 drops; oil of cloves, 5 drops. Mix, and keep tightly corked. Rheumatic Decoction.— Virginian snake root, 1 dr. ; sarsaparilla in powder, 6 drs. ; burdock seed, 2 drs. ; poke root, 2 drs. ; wine-pine bark, 2 drs. ; cayenne pepper, 3^ dr. Powder them, and add 3 qts. of water. Boil down to 2 qts. A cup two or three times a day. It is most valuable in chronic rheumatism. Rheumatic Drops.- Extract of sarsaparilla, 2 drs.; gum camphor, i^dr.; laudanum, 1 scr.; spirit of wine, 1 oz. Mix, and macerate 24 hours. Take from 20 to 50 drops three times a day. Rheumatic Gout, Draught for.— Camphorated mixture, 7 drs.; infusion of rhubarb, 5 drs ; tincture of henbane, 3^ dr.; sub-carbonate of potass, 10 grs. Mix for a draught; take two or three times a day, particulai'ly uie last thing at night. It is a most excellent remedy. Rheumatic Liniment. — Take sassafras oil, 2 ozs. ; tincture of prickly ash, 1 oz. ; tincture of cayenne, 1 oz. ; hemlock oil, 1 oz. Mix. and rub well in. A few applications will relieve, if not cure. Another. — Tincture of cayenne, oil of turpentine, olive oil, hem- jock oil, gum camphor, sassafras oil, tincture of prickly ash, of each, loz.; powdered capsicum, or cayenne, 1 oz. ; spirit of wine, 2 qts.; vinegar, 1 qt. ; ammonia, 1 qt.; add 2 ozs. of gum camphor. Mix; put in a vessel, and stir occasionally till mixed and dissolved. This is a magic liniment, soon giving ease in rheumatic pains, gout, neuralgia, sprains, etc., etc. It is worth much gold. It seldom or never fails. Rheumatic Liquid.— Sarsaparilla, powdered, 2 ozs.; cayenne pep- per, 1 oz.; gum mvrrh, J^ oz.; brandy, or Hollands gin, 2 qts. Let it stand a few days. 'A tea-spoon in tea, or water sweetened. This is excellent for rheumatism, gout, etc. Rheumatic Liquid, for External Application.— See "Rheumat- ism, Embrocation for." Or, "Eheumatic Liniment." Or, "Rheu- matic Pains, in the Bones and Joints." Rheumatic Mixture.— Saltpetre, sulphur, powdered mustard, Turkey rhubarb, sarsaparilla powder, of each, % oz ; powdered gum guiacum, )^ oz. Mix. Take a tea-spoon every other night for three nights; then omit three nights; in a wine-glass of cold water. Rheumatic Pains, in the Bones and Joiiits.— Take opodeldoc, 1 oz.; tincture of cantharides, 3 dns. ; spirits of sal-ammoniac, 3 drs.; rectified oil of amber, 3 drs. This forms a liniment, wherewith fre- quently to rub the painful part. "Wrap up in tine, soft flannel, and keep warm. Or, take friar's balsam and tincture of myrrh, of each, 1 oz.; spir- its of turpentine, 2 ozs. ; and good old strong ale dregs, 3 ozs. ; mix all of them well together, and batlie the afllicted part with the same. Or, take a raw egg well beaten; brandy, J^ pt.; turpentine, W^, ozs.; spirits of wine, J^ oz. ; camphor, 1 oz.; salt, 1 table-spoon. Put thom into a wine bottle, and shake well. This liniment is to be well rubbed on the affected parts throe or four times a day. It has often effected a cure in a few days. Rheumatic Pill.— Gum guiacum, >^ dr. ; compotma yuw^er of Apptndix to Medical Department.. 255 /)f>«cacuanha, %, dr.; confection of opium, 10 grs. ; mix, and divide into 20 pills. Take two on going to bed. Bheumatic Powder. — Ipecacuanha powder, and purified opium, of each, 1 part; sulphate of potass, 8 parts; triturate them together to a fine powder. Be very careful to reduce the opium, pnd intimately mix with the rest. This powiler is recommended by Dr. Dover as an effectual remedy for rheumatism. The dose is from two to five grains, . repeated. Avoid much drinking after taking it, or It might act as anj ftJietic. Col. Birch's Recipe for Rheumatic Gout or Acute Rheumatism, commonly called the "Chelsea Pensioner.''— Half an ounce of nitre (saltpetre), }^ an oz. of sulphur, % '"^ oz. of flour of mustard, '% 'i'" oz. of Turkey rhubarb, 3^ oz. of powdered gum guaiacum. Mix : a tea-spoon to be taken every other night for three nights, and omit three nights, in a wine-glass of cold water — water which has been well boiled. RING WORMS. — Dissolve borax in water, and apply till it pro- duces redness, and a painful sensation. Discontinue a day or two. and ultimately it will eftect a cure. Ring: Worm. — Wash the head with softfioap every morning, and pply this lotion every night : One drachm of subcarbonate of soda, Jiseolved in half a pint of vinegar. Ring Worms.— Apply rotten apples, or pounded garlic. Or, rub v'^iem with the juice of house-leek. Or, wash them with Hungary- Abater camphorated. Or, twice a day with oil of sweet almonds and *11 of tartar mixed. — Wcdey Ring Worms. — To 1 part of sulphuric acid, add 16 to 20 parts of neater. Use a brush or feather, and apply it to the parts night and morning. A few dressings will generally cure. If the solution is too strong, dilute it with more water; and if the irritation is excessive, rub on a little oil or other softening application ; but always avoid Boap. Dr. Chapelle adopts the following plan : The hairs are to be cut short, the creamy fluid let out of the pustules, and the crusts removed by linseed poultices. The denuded surface is then to be covered with a thin layer of oil of naphtha, over which a flannel compress is to be placed, the whole being secured by an oil silk cap. The application is to be renewed twice a day; first well washing the parts with soap and water; the surface of the scalp is to be carefully searched, in order to detect any small favose pustules that may have\ii)peared. Tliese must be pricked with a pin, the matter removed, and the surface covered with the oil. This evolution of pustules is successive, so that the hair must be kept short in the vicinity, that their advent may be watched. Tliis application secures the rapid abortion of the pustules; but when the scalp is too tender to bear it, it should be mixed with other less iiTitatiug oils, of which empyrheumatic oil of juniper is one of the best. SHINGLES.— Called herpes, tetters, salt rheum, etc. It is a disease of the skin; an inveterate eruption on dift'erent parts of the body, usually the hands, and sometimes it appears in distinct clusters arouud or near the waist, surrounding one-half of the trunk of the body, like a belt, generally towards the right side. It is a species of ringworm or tetter. The eruptions or vesicles which appear break and discharge a thin corrosive fluid which causes mucli irritation or itching. Treatment.— Keep the body open by the black draught, and 256 A^ttdix to Medical Department Beidlitz powder; administer tonics in the decoction of sar8a>«»dH%. Give also a vapor bath of bitter decoction, and afterwards rub the body with the stimulating liniment. If there is much fever, give five grains of the carbonate and nitrate of potash two or three times a day. Celandine ointment is very good; when the itching is very troublesome, apply it to the affected parts. Dr. Beach recommends a wash to be made of celandine and wliis- ky; infuse a table-spoon of the former in the latter; wash often, and then apply the brown ointment. Should the vesicles form or run into a bone, apply a poultice of slippery elm, and a little cream. The tincture of blood-root, and tincture of myrrh, make a good wash. Apply, as before, the brown ointment. The tepid water cloth is a go«d application to allay itching. The warm baths should often be SORE THROAT,— The old nurse's remedy is good, "Put your stocking round your neck going to bed." But I have found a piece ot new flannel quite as beneficial, if put warm round the neck. The fol- lowing gargle is useful either for ulcerated or common sore throat Make a strong solution of alum to every half pint of which add twd table-spoons of port wine ; gargle the throat several times a day. Id ulcerated sore throats, it is safest to have the ulcers touched witl> caustic immediately on their appearance. Or, gargle with a mixture of yeast and milk, and take a wine glass of good yeast once or twice » day. Sage and vinegar are generally recommended for a gargle. It i* best to add a little salt, and from 15 to 30 drops of laudanum. Oi . apply a cold water cloth, wrung out, to the throat, covered witli a dry flannel. In the flrst stages of the disease, a mild emetic will be useful. lu bed apply to the throat a bag of hops saturated with hot vinegar and a little salt, or camomile flowers moistened with hot vinegar, and 20 or 30 drops of laudanum. The remedies under " Quinsy '' are appropriate here. Apply to the feet and sides hot bricks covered with vinega' cloths. If constipated, take an aperient, and afterwards the Composi- tion Powder. Sore Throat. — Five spoons of the syrup of elderberry; mix wUK one spoon of honey, and as much powdered sal prunella as will lie om a shilling. Take a tea-spoon frequently. SORREL— To Stew. — Wash the sorrel, and put it into a siive> vessel, or stone jar, with no more water than hangs to the leaves Simmer it as slow as you can, and when done enough, put a bit o* butter in, and beat it well. SHORTNESS OF BREATH.— Take of vitriolated spirits of ethei 1 oz., and of camphor, 12 grs. Make a solution, of which take a tea- spoon during the paroxysm. This is usually found to afford instan- taneous relief in difficult breathing, depending on internal disease,«in J other causes, where the patient, from a quick and very laborious breathing, is obliged to be in an erect posture. Or, take 3^ oz. of powder of elecampane root, '% oz. of powder of licorice, as much fiour of brimstone and powder of anise-seed, and 2 ozs. of sugar-candy powdered. Make all into pills, with a suifficient quantity of tar; take four large pills when going to rest. This is an incomparable medicine for an asthma. SPASMS. — Oil of red lavender, 1 part; sal-volatile, 1 part; oil of peppermint, 2 parts. Mix, and take 10 or 12 drops in half a wine glass of lukewarm or cold water. If the first dose is not efficacious, lejieat. Spasms— Certaia Cure for.— Take three pe»aywortia of balsam of A-Ppendix to Mfdical Deparrment. ^57 Bulpfiur, and the same quantity of the oil of anise-seed; put tliese to- gether, and let them stand in a warm place for 24 hours. Then take two pennyworth of the spirits of wine, and two pennyworth of the spirits of turpenine; put tliese together, and let them stand as above; then .nix the wliole well together. Take 7 or 8 drops on a piece of loaf sugar, wlien the pain is on; it will give instant relief. ST4MMERIN6 — Dr. Turner says is caused by attempts to speak with empty lungs. In singing the lungs are kept well inflated, and] there is no stuttering. The method of cure is to require the patient tot keep his lungs well tilled; to draw frequent and long breaths, to speak loudly, and to pause on the instant &f finding embarrassment in his speech. Taking a long inspiration before he goes on again. I cured one of the worst cases I ever knew on this principle. Stammering. — Frequently read aloud with the teeth closed, and tap with the linger at every syllable pronounced. STITCH— III the Side.— Apply molasses spread on brown paper. SPEKMATORRHCEA.— A discharge of seminal fluid, commonly called seminal weakness or debility. It is only of late years that the true nature of this disease has been properly understood, many of the most serious cases having been regarded as and treated tor gonorrhcea, which, though indeed the proper name of the disease, is a term now confined to an unhealthy discharge from the lining membrane of the urethra, a discharge which, when long standing and chronic, becomes a gleet, and is always the result of mfection. Spermatorrhoea, on the contiary, proceeds from an injury inflicted on the organs of reproduc- tion, and consists of a discharge from the spermatic and seminal vessels, and may be entirely, and in many cases is, completely irrespective of all venereal taint. Spermatorrhoea is a disease that could hardly, by any possibility, arise in a natural way ; no organic affection of the part, no amount of debility, or complication of accident or disease, indeed, could produce ivhat is called seminal emissions, did nftt the patient, by incontinence or vice, provoke the cause, and engender the disease himself. Many men are so inordinate in their passions, that in time they amount to a mental disease, such as we liave already characterized under the name of satyriasis, an intemperance which, if given way to, so debilitates cheir bodies and paralyses the seminal organs, that whether unduly excited or in a state of temporary rest, they ai'e kept in a condition of constant irritation and involuntaiy excitation; thus, whether sleeping or waking, often from the most trivial contact, indeed from the mere force of the imagination alone, those debilitating emissions, which con- stitute the most important feature of this disease, are repeatedly taliing place. But though incontinence in youth is often the cause of sperma- torrhoea, the disorganization of the spermatic system, and the ruin of connubial liappiness, it is unfortunately to the vice of self-pollution, tliat moral oft'ense known as onaism, that we must in general attribute tiiat moral prostration and physical incapacity now so wide spread among the youth of the present generation, and of which the disease we are at present considering is only one of the lamentable evidences. We had intended to devote a space of this work to the injury in- flicted on the reproductive organs by the inconsiderate folly of youth, but for reasons which will be readilj'^ understood by all who remember the strictly domestic nature of tliis work, we have deemed it best to embody the pith of what we might have said on such a subject in this place, aa being more j)ertinent to the theme, and at the same time keeping the pages of the Recipe Book generally free from what, to 258 Appendix to Medical Department, many, might be thought objectionable matter. Of the moral unbai>- piness ami physical misery resulting from the vice of self-abuse, few think at nil, or, if they do, regard what they hear as bugbears, oi evils only problematical when compared to present enjoyment. As a few practical truths will go farther in illustrating our point, ^.nd showin-j: the evils we have alluded to, than a page of wholesome counsel, we beg those of our readers who may consult this article to remember that every emission unnaturally produced consumes between 6 and 8 ounces of blood, or, in other words, that that amount of arterial blood is required to eliminate tlie seminal fluid lost at one emission. If it is further remembered that there are only 30 pints — old measure — of blood in the adult body, anrl that the amount of chyle, or new blood, does not exceed twelve ounces a day, it will be easily understood, on the commonest principles of arithmetic, how fatal to the stamina of the body must be two, three, or more such emissions in the day. So great is the reproducing power in youth up to a certain age, that this drain may be borne with apparent impunity for some time, but sooner or later it is certain to show its influence on the system ; for it is an established fact, that no law of nMure can he abused witiiout entailing a fearf id penalty. In this case it is emaciation, wealvuess, loss of appetite dimness of sight, pains in the back and head, hot and feveri':!! sleep, disturbing dreams, loss of memory, and too often a total prostration of the mental and phj^sical powers. To render this subject, and whai we have yet to say upon it, more intelligible, the following abstract of the physiology of the organs in question will be found both interesting and useful: The spermatic cord brings from the aorta a stream of arterial blood to the organ inclosed in the scrotum, and known as the testicle; or rather, when the cord reaches tiie bag of the scrotum, it instantly diminishes in calibre, and becomes as thin as tliefl nest thread, and of several hundred yards in length. For the clo.ser and more con- venient disposal of this immense length of vessel, nature has wound it up like a ball of cotton, in which shape, under the name of testicle, it hangs at the end of the spermatic cord; from the op|)osite end of this ball or testis a vessel rises, cn\\e<\t\\evas deferens, wiiicli, running undei the bladder, receives a duct from a small gland, the vesicula seminalis, and then entering the prostrate gland, is joined by its fellow of the opposite side, when it receives the name of ejactatori/ duct, which finally terminates in the bulb of the urethra. The blood brought by the spermatic cord to the testicle is in that organ converted into seminal fluid, and carried by the vas deferens to the urethra, receiving on the way a vitalizing fluid from the seminal gland; it will now be under- stood, that as the excitement is given, the semen passes at once along the vas deferens, and into the ejactatory duct, wlsioh propels it into the urethra at the proper moment. The physical consequence of the abuse of these organs is, after a time, a total deterioation of the seminal flui'J, whicli, instead of the proper consistency,l)ecomL'sthin and watery; the vitality, on which all lis i)otency depends, appears entirely gone, for it has no longer the power to produce a natural erection, and, as a germinating fluid, is absolutely sterile. Though, unable, however, to perform their healthy secretion, the spermatic organs, under the stim- ulus of a constant and irritating excitement, form a thin, watery .secre- tion, which either runs away fiom the urethra like a gleet, or is dis- charged by involuntary emissions. The scrotum, inste ul of being rough, firm, and contracted, and the testicle witliin feeling hard, and com])act, IS flabby, relaxed and pendulous, a:id often thrice its natur.'»l length; wliile the spermatic cord, greatly attenuated, is terminattiJ *-X Appendix io Medical Department. 259 the bottom of the lengthened scrotum by a soft, oblong mass, that we can only believe to be the testicle by its relative situation. The moral consequences of this diseased state are often more distressinof than the physical ; the mind, too, sooner or Liter, becomes attected, a trembling palsy keeps the head and hands in constant tremor, while a tenacious saliva, in severe cases, drivels from the mouth; and should the patient think by marriage to etfect a physical cure, and break tlirough an evil habit, the experiment is certain to end in misfortune and uniiaiDpines^; nervous anxiety will render all intercourse a failure, thereby embittei- ingnot only his owu life, but that of another, for in such a case there can be neither sorrow nor pity, but only contempt. As we have said enough on this subject to lead any one capable of reflection to con- template the fatuity of mind, bodily prostration, and life of miser}- that must follow a continuance of such practices as those which have in- duced such a train of consequences, we shall now proceed to show by what TREATMENT spermatorrhoea, and the impotency which sooner or later follows it, may be cured. In the lirst place it is a sine qua non that the patient should abstain fi-om all the habits and practices which have brought on the disease, and instead of daily robbing his body of large quantities of blood, he should endeavor, by an altered iife, to *dd to the quantity and quality of that vital fluid. In the dii-ections /[(iven for food and exei'cise.the patient should be punctual and regular, as the cure depends as much on the observance of the following rules as on the medicines to be taken : First, then, the patient should go to bed at 10 o'clock, and be careful to put no more clothes on the bed than are actually necessary ; he should rise at seven in the morning, and the instant he wakes gre^oui of bed, and having over night prepared a hip bath of cold salt water, seat himself in it, using a towel or a flesh brush to rub the water well into his hips, back, and thighs; after Qve minutes so spent, he must rub himself thoroughly dry with a rough towel, then di"ess, and proceed to lake an hour's brisk walk. Those ivho cannot obtain a bath should use a sponge and cold vinegar and n-^ater, or salt and water. The breakfast should be taken at eight o'clock, the dinner at one, tea at six, and supper at nine o'clock; and to insure sleep on going to bed, prevent dreams, and the hectic flushes and irritating desires which at fir.st may arise, he should take 20 drops of laudanum, or 30 drops of the liquor of of the acetate of morphia, half an hour before going to bed. After the first few weeks, and when the system begins to feel the benefit of the altered treatment, the sedative may be easily broken ott'by reducing the quantity taken bj' two or three drops every niglit. Once a week the patient should take a shower bath in the evening, in addition to the daily hip bath or sponging. The mind is to be kept constantly employed, either by some mechanical employment or by reading, care being taken that the matte*" read shall be of a healthy and moral tone, the patient must also avoid heated rooms, theatres, all places of amusement, and, as far as possible, female society, and never allow his hands or his mind to be unemployed. Exercise by walking, rowing, or the dumb-bells, according to the strength of the patient, should be adopted between each meal as far as possible. The diet must be light but nutritious, with a due proportion of animal and vegetable food at every dinner; wine and spirits sliould be strictly excluded, except in cases of great debility, but stout may be advantageously taken at least twice a day; those who can neither take stout nor porter may sul)Stitute copious drauglits of new milk for their beverage. The bowels are to be kept open by an occasional compound coloeynth pill, or a dose of castor 260 Appendix to Medical Departmeni, oil, but only occasionally. In severe cases, the lower portion of the spine should be well rubbed with a stimulating liniment,and one of Pnl vermacher's electro-galvanic belts worn for an hour or two daily round the hips, and under each testicle. The internal remedies are almost secondary to those means just enumerated; but where the appetite is faulty, the following powder should be taken till the stomach is able to accept and digest the food given to it: Take of dried carbonate of potass, 1 dr. ; powdered ginger, 36 grs ; powdered Colombo, 48 grs. ; powdered rhubarb, 24 grs. Mix, and divide into 12 powders. One to be taken, in a little water, an hour before breakfast, dinner, and tea. When the stomach has been brought back to its healthy function by the powders, or before, if the digestion is good, the following are to be given, each for three days consecutively. No. 1. Take of Colombo root. 1 dr. ; cascarilla, 1 dr. ; bruise, and infuse in boiling water, 10 ozs. ; strain when cold, and add quinine, 1 dr. ; dilated sulphuric acid, 50 drops. Mix, one table-spoon to be taken every six hours. No. 2. Take of quassia raspings, 1 dr. ; orange peel, 3 drs ; infuse in boiling water, 10 ozs. ; strain, and add tincture of the muriate of Iron, 2 drs. Mix. A table-spoon every six hours. No. 3. Take of precipitated carbonate of iron,2 drs. ; carbonate of soda, 1 dr. ; ginger powder, 1 scr. Mix, and divide into 12 powders. One to be taken every six hours. Ill concluding this subject we would beg all of our readers who consult this article to banish the idea that there is any balsam, whethei of Giiead or of Mecca, that posseses any power that can afford the slightest benelit in such cases as those of which we have just treated^ and at the same time we feel it our duty to warn all to shun the meshe*' of that host of empirics who profess to cure this disease by their Syrian nostrums and boasted remedies; medicines which, in most cases, are as inoperative for good as they are mendacious in principle. A moral reformation, wholesome food, and a system of ablution, exercise, and external remedies, are the only practical means that can possibly in- fluence the character or effect a cure in this disease. St. VITUS'S DANCE.— This is a convulsive disease, prinoipall> attacking children from 10 to 16 years of age. It is indicated by a twitching and convulsive action of the muscles of the body, and bj lameness or unsteadiness of one of the legs, which the patient drawi after him like an idiot. Then it affects the hand on the same side; so that if a glass of liquor be put into his hand to drink, before he can get it to his mouth, he uses a great number of odd gestures, on account of the hand being drawn different ways by the convulsive action of the muscles, so that he cannot carry it in a straight line. The will of the patient seems often to yield to these convulsive motions as to a propensity. After continuing some weeks, the intellectual operations of the brain are weakened. Females are most subject to this disease. This disease arises from an increased irritability of the nervous system, which is often produced by some derangement of the 8tom*ch, bowels, and nerves; sometimes by worms, violent passions, fright, or violent mental emotions, etc. In females it probably arises from the same causes which produce hysterics. Treatment. — The irritation of the cerebral system (brain and nerves) being generally symptomatic of a disordered state of the diges- tive organs, or kept up by irritation in the stomach or bowels, the curt must be commenced by a purgative. Do not allow the bowels to be constipated. If the stomaoh is deranged, give an emetic ("i*^ Appendix to Medical Deparhneni. 261 '* Eraotlc") This will evacuate and cleanse the stomach, give it tonp, and benefit the nervous system. Repeat, if necessary. The diet must be very plain. The vapor bath of bitter decoction is of immense service. Rub the body frequently with the Stimulating Liniment. When symptoms of improvement are manifest, give Peruvian bark in port wine, adding water if too strong; or give the Restorative Wine Bitters, adding a % oz. of the red oxide of iron. Give the aperients now and then, especially the Dyspeptic Pill. The subcarbonate o^ iron, 2 drs. for a dose, is a most valuable remedy. It may be given ins a little syrup, beer, or porter. Dr. Reese says, " When the symptoms are abated, cold bathing every morning, if it does not alarm the mind, will prove of great ad- vantage ; and with the use of the muriated tincture of steel, in the dose of 10 or 15 drops, in a glass of cold valerian and camomile tea, will probably complete the cure ; if the patient have not sufficient resolu- tion to go into the cold bath, cold water may be applied every morn- ing to the head; the diet should be regulated according to the strength 3f the patient; if plethoric, a low diet should be observed, and wine and stimulants avoided. On the contrary, if the body be much debil- itated a nutritious diet should be employed, but even in this case wine ?hould be allowed with great caution. SMALL POX.— This dreadful disease is very infectious, attended .vith inJlannnatory fever, assuming sometimes a typhoid character, at- ceuded with nausea and vomiting, and upon the pressure of the atomach, with much pain. The constitution that has been once really under its influence is rarely liable to a second attack. When the pus- tules are separate from each other, it is termed distinct; and when they run together, it is denominated confluent. The first symptoms are shivering pains in the head, back and loins, fedness of the eyes, fever, thirst, nausea, loss of appetite; and in some cases, a few hours before the eruption, children are affected with coii- (^ulsions. Tlie eruption appears about t\iQ fourth day of the feoer^ first on the face, and afterwards on the neck, breast, and body. The pus- tules gradually enlarge, and proceed to maturation which is complete about the eleventh day after their first appearance, when the inflam- mation and swelling abate, the eruption beginning to dry and scale off, and about the fifteenth day it entirely disappears. The confluent sort jS attended with more violent symptoms than the distinct, but observes the same i^eriod of termination. Dr. Beach says, " The effluva is very offensive; and I have seen worms, or maggots crawling in the flesh; and yet the patient has recovered." This disease generally t( rminates favorably under judicious treatment, unless the subject of it is intem- perate, in which case it proves very dangerous, or fatal. Treatment. — The great object is to assist nature to expel the morbific or poisonous matter from the system. If the patient has much vomiting, give 10 or 12 grains of bicarbonate of potash in balm U". twice or thrice a day. The bowels must be opened by gentle aperient.-, ttttention must be given to the skin, and medicine given to produce n gentle determination to the surface. Take an infusion of saffron and catnip, or balm and hyssop, with 10 drops of elixir of vitriol; this will Aid nature to drive out the eruption, by producing a moisture of the fikin. It should be repeated several times. Bathe the feet twice a day tn warm lye water, aiid wash the body with the same liquid warm; do not neglect this if the fever is high. If there is pain in the head apply a mustard poultice to the soles of the feet in addition to bathing the feet and legs in warm water. Apply to the head cloths dipped in viil- 262 Appendix to Medical Department. egar and water, or whisky and warm water. Let the room of the patient be well ventilated, and often sprinkle it witli vinegar ancl watei-: do not cover liiin up close. Give warm diluents, as balm, spearmint, pennyroyal, catnip, etc.; anj-^ of these will do. If the throat be sore, admiiii.^ter remedies under " Sore Throat." Sage tea, a little vinegar, and a little borax, form a good gargle. The expectorant tincture is very useful. If the debility is great, and the strength gradually sinking, give tonics, as quinine dissolved in elixir of vitriol ; 10 or 12 droi)S in balm tea three or four times a day. If there is considerable irritation, give 8 or 10 drops of laudanum in the "Saline Draught," which see. Or, give 5 to 10 grains of the " Diaphoretic Powder." Sudorifics are also very serviceable, especially when the pustules are flabby, and not well tilled. If the symptoms become unfavorable, as the striking in of the eruption, great fever, and delirium, black tongue, etc., the danger is very great. In such case, give immediately the vapor bath of bitter decoction, and an emetic; then give .a decoction of saffron and Vii-ginia snakeroot with a tea-spoon or two of sweet spirits of nitre. Give also 1 lie Sudorific Powder, and at intervals the Seidlitz Powder. Spong* the surface of the body with warm water. If there is any tendency to putrescens. When tlie blooJ is of a rtorid or frotliy ap])earance, and brougiit up witli more or less coughing', preceded by rigors, a sliort tickling cougli, a aaltish taste, anxiety, and tightness across the chest, its source is the lungs. The blood proceeding from the lungs is usually of a florid color, and mixed with a little frothy mucus only. It may be distin- guishf'd from bleeding from tlic stomach, by its being raised by hack- ing or coughing, and hy its florid *iid frothy appeaiance; that from the stomach is vomited in considerable quantities, and is of a dark color. What is strictly meant by spitting of blood, is when the blood is discharged from a' ruptured vessel in the Jungs, which is technically called hcemopfysis. It occurs generally from the age of 16 to 35. It is often an hereditary disease, which implies a peculiar and faulty con- formation. It happens to persons who discover the smallest capacity of the lungs, by the narrowness of tlie chest, and l)y the prominency of their shoulders, an evidence of difficult respiration. . It occurs in persons of a slender, deliciUe n)ake; to persons of much sensibility and irritability, and whose bodies are of a delicate texture. It arises sometim<^s from the stoppage of the menstrual fl^ux, from plethora, and violent exercise of the lungs. One great cause of haemoptj^sis is, the deposition of scrofulous matter in the substance of the lungs, forming tubercles. The blood- vessels being partially distended by the pressure of tubercles, are easily ruptured by cough, or bodily exertion. Treatment! — Moderate the discharge of blood by avoiding what- ever tends to irritate the body and increase the action of the heart. A low diet should be strictly observed, and external heat and bodily exercise avoided ; the air of the room should be cool, and the drink (which should consist chiefly of barlev-water, acidulated with lemon- juice) taken cold, and the patient not suffered lo exert his voice. After the operation of a little gentle aperient mediciise, as lenitive electuary, jr an infusion of senna, with a little cream-of-tartar dissolved in it, take 10 drops of laudanum, and 10 drops of elixir of vitriol, in half a cup of cold water. If there is no cough, the laudanum may be omittetl. A little salt and water given will often check spitting of blood, when it comes on. Put the feet in warm water, and give as above, the elixir of vitriol; etc. Give also ipecacuanha powder in small doses, of from one to two grains every tour hoiiiS. Emetics have been given in this disease with advantage by Dr. Robinson, and still more lately by Dr. StoU, of Vienna, who observes, that in discharges of blood from the lungs, ipecacuanha powder often acts like a charm, seeming to close the open vessels sooner and more effectually than any other remedy. The good effects of this remedy are probably the consequence of the compression the lungs unilergo during vomiting, from the action of the diaphragm and expiratory muscles. The recurrence of haemoptysis should be prevented by invigor- ating the lungs and ])urifying the blood, and by the use of cooling and astringent medicines. Keep in the mouih a little alum, or salt- petre. The patient should particiiiate very freely of acidulous fruits, as roasted apples, oranges, lemons, etc. Alcoholic drinks should be Btrictly forbidden. A decoction of bark with lemon juice, or a few drops of elixir of vitriol, is of great service. 2^0 Appendix to Medical Department. "When the symptoms are severe, give 8 or 10 drops of the tincture of digitalis, or a drachm of nitre dissolved in cold water, and after- wards a compound of ipecacuanha and Glauber's salt. In extreme cases, give fiom 10 to 20 drops of elixir of vitriol every two hours ; or give tiie vapoi buth, and an injection, and place hot bricks to the feet in bed. Sugar of lead, 2 grs. ; opium, 3^ gr. ; made into a pill with a little honey, or molasses and licorice powder, may be given every five hours. The temporary application of cloths dipped in cold water to the genitals will check spitting of blood. Ice is still better. Mustard plasters applied to the legs and feet have been recommended, and found beneficial. The diet must be light and easy of digestion. The patient must avoid much speaking, and all muscular exertion, and all cold and damp. Spitting of Blood. — Take a tea-cup of stewed prunes at lying down for two or three nights. Or, two tea-spoons of nettle-juice every morning, and a large cup of decoction of nettles at night, for a week. Or, three spoons of sage-juice in a little honey. Or, half a tea-spoon of Barbadoes tar, on a piece of lump sugar, at night; it commonly cures at once. Infusion of red roses, 5 ozs. ; syrup of poppy, ^ oz. ; diluted sulphuric acid, 20 drops. Mix. Two tea-spoons three or foui times a day. — Wedty. SPRAIN. — Take of camphorated spirit, common vinegar, spirits of turpentine, of each, 1 oz. Sprain. — Hold the part in very cold water for two hours. Or, apply cloths dipped therein, four times doubled, for two hours, chang- ing them as they grow warm. Or, bathe in good crab verjuice. Oi', boil bran in wine vinegar to a poultice. Apply this warm, and renew it once in twelve hours. Or, mix a little turpentine with flour and the yolk of an egg, and apply it as a plaster. This cures in a desperate case. Weakness remaining after a sprain is cured by fomenting the part dally with beef brine. Suppose the ankle sprained : 1st. Foment it with warm vinegar four or five times every four hours. 2d. Stand, if you can, three or four minutes at a time on both your feet, and fre- quently move the sprained foot. Sometimes, also, while sitting with your foot on a low stool, move it to and fro. 3d. Let it be gently rubbed with a warm hand at least three times a day. 4th. Two hours after every application of the vinegar, let it be just wetted with spirits of wine, and then gently rubbed. — Wesley. Sprains. — Take a few globules of rhus toxicodendron, and apply to the sprained part this rhus liniment for about 16 minutes, and re- peat twice a day for three days. The rhus is sold by the homeopathic chemists. Sprains of the Muscles of the Back. — Take of Canada turpen- tine, ^ oz. ; soap liniment, 6 ozs. ; and one pennyworth of laudanum. •Mix, and rub well in before a hot fire. ISpraius, Excellent Remedy for.— Put the white of an egg into a saucer ; keep stirring it with a piece of alum about the size of a wal- nut, until it becomes a thick jelly; apply a portion of it on a piece of lint or tow large enough to cover the sprain, changing it for a fresh one as often as it feels warm or dry. The limb is to be kept in a hor- izontal position by placing it on a chair. POLYPUS IN THE NOSE.— Powder a lump of alum, and snuff it up frequently; then dissolve powdered alum in brandy, dip lint therein and apply it at going to bed. Appendix to Medical Department. 271 QUINSY. — This disease occurs principally in spring and autumn, when vicissitudes of heat and cold are frequent. It affects especially the young and sanguine, and a disposition to it is often acquired by frequent attacks. Symptoms. — It commences with an unusual sense of tightness in the throat, particularly on swallowing, which is often effected with difficulty and pain. On inspection, some tumefaction and redness of the fauces may be perceived, which shortly spreads over the tonsils, uvula, and soft palate, attended with a troublesome clamminess of the mouth, fever, headache, delirium, etc. In desperate cases, the tongue and tonsils are so much swollen as to prevent deglutition, and even so as to affect respiration, that the patient is often obliged to be supported ill an erect posture, to prevent suffocation. The inflammation gener- ally attacks one tonsil tirst, which in a day or two it sometimes leaves and effects the other, and not unfrequently quits them both suddenly, ^nd flies to the lungs. Causes. — It is generally caused by the external application of cold air, particularly about the neck. Whatever violently stimulates the fauces, in a plethoric habit, especially, as acrid food, poisons, etc., may oroduce it. Treatment. — As the inflammation, from the delicate structure of \he parts, soon advances to suppuration, actim means should be speedily ^ra ployed to disperse it. For this purpose the patient should take a liill dose of the aperient mixture, and after its operation the saline nixture. One of the most effectual remedies is an emetic. This should be given as soon as the symptoms appear, and repeated as often as necessary. The throat should be steamed with a strong decoction of tansy, worm- tvood, hops, and camotnile flowers, boiled in vinegar and water. Put these into a large pitcher, over which place a funnel, that the patient may inhale the steam for 15 minutes, and repeat it every two hours until the urgent symptoms are gone. Afterwards heat the herbs and tjind them on the neck. A vapor bath is also of the greatest service, benefiting the whole system, and the throat especially. Gargle the throat with a decoction of lobelia and a little gum kino. The steam of hemp-seed is said to be valuable in quinsy. If the patient is constipated, give an aperient. When the painful symptoms begin to subside, apply the rheumatic liquid warm to the throat, as warm and as long as the patient can bear it. Gargle the throat occasionally with a decoction of sage, hyssop, lobelia, catechu, or kino, wiih a little borax Do this frequently. Re- peat the aperients when necessary, and the feet bathed in warm water and soap. Let the food, if any be taken, be very simple. Give no spirits, no stimulants, and nothing cold. Hydropathy is very useful in quinsy. Dip a piece of cloth, in the form of a bandage, in cold water, wring it out, and wrap it round the throat, and over it a dr}^ bandage. Repeat when hot and dry. In sore throat, black currant jelly is of great ser- vice; and so is the old plan of wrapping the stocking "round the throat on going to bed. A good gargle is made of sage and vinegar, with a little sal ammoniac. A little sal prunel sucked is sometimes of great use. App'y a large white-bread toast half an inch thick, dipped in brandy, to the crown of the head till it dries; or, swallow slowly white rose W3.^r raixec" with syrup of mulberries; or, draw in as hot as you can- for ten or twelve minutes together, the fumes of red rose leaves, 272 Appendix to Medical Department. or camomile flowers, boiled in water and vineg&r, or of a decoction oi bruised hemp-seed. This speedily cures the soi-e chroal, peripneumony, and inflammation of the uvula. — Wedey. Quinsy.— Roast three or four large on-'oris. Peel them quickly, and beat them flat with a i-oUing-pin. Immediately place them in a thin muslin bag that will reach from eart > ear, and about three inches deep. Apply it speedily as warm as poss«f/!e to the throat. Keep it on (lay and night, changing it when the strerigth of the onions appears to be exhausted, and substituting fresh ones. Flannel must be worn round the neck after the poultice is removed. Quinsy, Vapor for a. — Take powdered pepper, 1 oz. ; milk, 1 qt , and boil them to IJ^pt.; put the whole into a glass bottle with a smu'l neck; let the vapor be received as hot as can be borne with the mouth open. This is about the best gargle. SCIATICA.. — A form of Neuralgia. — It derives its name from t)ie pain taking the course of the Sciatic nerve down the hip and thigh. It is often connected with rheumatism and gout, and most of the remedies tor those diseases are applicable to Sciatica. The vapor bath is very serviceable. Eub also with the rheumatic liquid, or the tincture of •aconite; galvanism applied is also good, also an embrocation composed of one part of turpentine, two of soap and opium liniment, and one o< tincture of cayenne. A hot bran poultice sprinkled with laudanunn. often gives ease. Take an apericHt if necessarj^ avoid all alcohol io drinks, and take light nourishing food. Sciatica often occurs ir. per sons of broken constitutions. Tonic medicines are appropriate to them as quinine and iron, or the "bitters, which see. Sciatica. — An extremely painful aftection of the sciatic nerve ; i species of neuralgia. The peculiai'ity of this disease lies in the fact that it is confined merely to the nerve itself, the pain residing exclusively in that cord, from the spot where it issues from the pelvis at the flat oi the hip, down the thigh and leg, till it is eventually distributed overthi top of the foot, the patient being able to describe witli his finger tht, exact course of the nerve from the hip to the toes. Sciatica is in general regarded as a rheumatic inflammation of th. sciatic nerve. The symptoms of this disease are too special and distinctive to re quire description : the acute pain along the course of the nerve is quiu sufficient to define the nature of the aftection, without any other de- scriptive feature. The treatment alone demands our attention. In a first attack, when the pain often amounts to a degree of suffering scarcely bearable, the application of a dozen leeches on the hip, at the point where the pain seems to begin, is frequently attended with immediate relief, par- ticularly if followed up with hot anodyne fomentations, rest to the limb, and a hot brick tied to the sole of the foot. When the attack comes on in paroxysms, as it often will do, and with the periodicity of neuralgia, dry cujiping, accompanied with the following powder and mixture, taken as directed, will frequentl}'' break the duration and in- tensity of the attack: Powder. — Take of carbonate of soda, 10 grs. ; ginger powder, 3 grs. ; quinine, 6 grs. Mix: to be taken two hours before the expected attack. Mixture. — Carbonate of ammonia, 2 scrs.; Dovei-'s i)owder, 2 scrs. ; camphor water, 6 ozs. Mix: the fourth p u t to be taken half an hour before the expected attack, and two table-spoons cver>' four hour? after, till the pain is abated, (ireat attention must at tlie same tim« ^: Appendix to Medical Department. 273 paicl both to the state of the stomach and bowels. When the attack has been induced by damp or cold, or has become a regular visitor in cold weather, a pouHice of mustard and flour may be applied for half an hour to the hip, while the following liniment is being rubbed along the course of the nerve from thigh to foot : Take of oil of amber, ^oz. ; sweet oil, 23^ ozs. ; turpentine, % oz.; spirits of hartshorn, )^ oz. Mix, and form an embrocation ; to be used twice a day, nJo:ht and morning. If a less exciting linin)ent should be required, the common tinc- ture of soap — opodeldoc — may be employed, and instead of the mixture the following sedative pills taken: Take of muriate of morphia, 1 gr.; ging;er, 5 grs.; extract of gen- tian enough to make into a mass. Divide into four pills ; one to be taken every eight hours In cases of chronic sciatica, however, and where all ordinary meas- ures have failed of relief, the employment of moxa to the hip for ten or fifteen minutes, and a suppository of 6 grains of solid opium for an adult man or woman, will aftbrd a certain if not a permanent relief. When sciatica proceeds from any derangement in the urinary system of organs, 5 drops of turpentine on a lump of sugar, taken three times a lay, is often of the best effect, and will afford relief when all other remedies fail. TYPHUS FEVER.— From the Greek twphos, stupor. It is gener- ally indicated by certain well-marked symptoms. It is characterized by great lethargy, prostration of muscular power, and sometimes de- lirium. It commences with pain in the head, slight shiverings, vomiting, ilebility, sighing, loss of appetite, oppressive breathing, great mental unxiety and depression, uneasiness in the back; the pulse is quick and wnall, dry tongue, with a brown or black crust; urine pale, then high- nolored with a bad smell, evacuations black and offensive, breath hot and offensive. The dolirium becomes more constant, and at length i.'lianges to a stupor. An eruption of livid spots sometimes appears. (jJreat purging, cold, clamm}' perspiration, and hiccup, precede its fatal termination. The favorable termination of typhus is indicated by a gradual de- crease of those symptoms; by tlie disappearance of stupor in the face of the patient, and his increasing attention to things around him ; the pulse becomes moderate, the heat of the skin natural, the tongue be- comes clean, etc. Treatment. — If there is nausea, oppression, and sickness, give an emetic; and if the patient is chilly, give the vapor bath, and then the sudoritic powder to promote perspiration, which will give much ease, and dislodge from the fauces phlegm, and other morbific matter en- dangering suffocation. Ob.ferve an emetic in the first stages of typhus is of the utmost impol'ta nee, and at any time before prostration com- mences. It has been known to restrain the disease instantly, and in many cases to mitigate tiie symptoms. If the patient is constipated, aperients must be given. But if there is a tendency to diarrhea, they must be omitted, or be administered sparingly; a small dose of rhubarb and magnesia may act as a correct- ive, or a single tea-spoon of castor oil. Dr. Beach says, ^' In typhus, the brain and the system generally, are thrown into an unhealthy state, by an accumulation of acrid and vitiated bile, and matter collected in the stomach and first passages, caused by an inactive and torpid state of the liver. Delirium, great 274 Appendix to Medical Departmem. heat, and prostration of strength, take place from this cause. The spmpathy existing between these organs is surprising; if one is healthy so is another; if one is in a morbid condition, those that sympathize with it are also diseased. Hence the very great importance of exciting a healthy state of the stomach, liver, and the whole alimentary canal. Aperients are admirably calculated to fulfil this indication. They cleanse and stimulate at the same time; and although a patient may be very weak, he will gain strengtli under the administration of repeated purgatives. They may be given in moderate doses, in i)rotracted cases, every other day. Persons in a very low or distressed state of typhus fever will soon assume a more healthy appearance after the administra- tion of purgatives. Tlie combination of a tonic, as a solution of quinine, with purgatives, would render them more beneficial. A Scotch physician observes, " Bj'^ oft sponging the surface of the body with cold water and vinegar, and tlie application of cold to the head, and bathing the feet in warm water, the discomfort and headache of the patient may be mitigated. Pain in the belly, or tenderness, in typhoid fever is best met by the use of warm fomentations." Where there is great sensibility and swelling Of the abdomen, showing an inflammatory state of the intestines, and where the stomach rejects medicines the use of injections is indicated. The saline mixture sliould be given in a state of effervescence ; or a table-spoon of yeast twice a day. Fixed air aftbrds as much relief as any medicine, and has, in some instances, proved an ettectual remedy, not by counteracting putrescency, but by cooling the body, abating thirst, and diminishing the morbid irritability of the system. Let the patient drink balm and pennyroyal tea, and take the dia- phoretic powder; for no medicines stand higher than Uiose which pro- duce perspiration ; though too much sweating must iiot be promoted, as debility may follow. A mere moisture of the s^kiu through the disease, must be maintained. In tliiist give a tea-spoon of spirits of nitre in a weak decoction of Peruvian bark. The juice of houseleek andsugar is an excellent febrifuge. See " Houseleek." Frequently wash the body with cold or tepid, or warm water and vinegai". Tlie salu- tary efl'ects are often soon visible. Rub tlie body well with the flannel and liquid. Great attention must be paid to cleanliness. The patient's face, breast, neck, etc., must be often washed, his linen often changed; tliere must be good ventilation, and plentiful fumigation. Spi inkle tiie room with vinegar, camphorated spirits, or chloride of lime. Acidulous fruits should be given, as grapes, oranges, lemons, etc. If the tliroat is sore, give the appropriate gargles. Should the patient sink in the ad- vanced stages, give port wine diluted with the same quantity of water. Give a wine glass several times a day. Or a little weak brandy, am- monia, and water, mixed warm. If the feet are cold, put to them a bottle of hot water, wrapped in a vinegar and water cloth, and rub the surface of the body with the stimulating liniment. If signs of putres- cency appear, give yeast in a little wine, adding two tea-spoons of fresn powdered charcoal, and a little solution of quinine. Bottled porter may also be given. Let tlie patient be supported by beef-tea. gruel, etc. Should one part of the body be heated more than another, apply to the heated part a poultice of hops anil vinegar, with a little tincture of caj^enne. In diarrhea, lime water is a suitable remedy ; when more severe, chalk mixture with a little laudanum may be substituted; when blood appears, more de^^'ded astringent remedies are needed, as gallic acid, o) Appendix to Medical Department. 275 acetate of lead. In typhus fever, bed sores, by long lying, are formed. >Vash the skin with rum or other spirit to prevent this. If broken, ap- ply a healing plaster, or a poultice made of slippery elm and butter. ULCER. — A n ulcer is an injury done to the tlesh from which issues matter, or some kind of discharge, with more or less pain and inflammation. The common ulcer should be kept clean and cool, and protected from the atmosphere, especially in frosty or cold weather. It should/ be washed now and then with warm soap-water. Put upon it a little lint, wet occasionally with salt and water, and put over it the black salve. Perhaps the best dressings are the saturnine cerate, described hereafter. Poultices made of the oak bark, sumach bark, may be used alternately. Sometimes ulcers are very irritable, tender, and painful. They discharge a thin acrid -fluid. They should be steamed every night with \ bitter decoctioix, and occasionally washed with an infusion of carao- nile flowers, or a strong decoction of wild cherry bark, with a little ■ipirit. Poultice with slippery elm, mixed with a strong decoction of joplar bark, and a trifle of salt. Repeat, as required. If the ulcer or ulcers are indolent, steam as before, and apply the .*ancer plaster, with only a trifle of the white vitriol mixed with it; or, sprinkle the ulcer with powdered blood-root. Sometimes ulcers become very much inflamed, and assume a livid i>olor; they are covered with small vesicles or blisters, as in mortifica- Uon. Wash the ulcer with tincture of myrrh, and apply a poultice made of charcoal, yeast, slippery elm, ginger, and a minute portion of tincture of cayenne. Bear it as long as possible. Then apply the saturnine cerate. The following is recommended by Dr. Beach: Take sweet clover tops and stalks, burdock leaves, and parsley, a handful of each; get the strength out by boiling; strain, and add 1 lb. of resin, and 3^ lb. of fresh butter; simmer until of a proper consistence. A cold water cloth constantly applied is a good remedy. Put a Uttle cerate on the ulcer previously. Attend to the general health, by cleansing the stomach and bowels, and then giving tonics. Saturnine Cerate. — Powdered acetate of lead, 2 drs. ; white wax, 2 ozs. ; olive oil, half a pint. Melt the wax in the oil, and add gradually the acetate of lead, separately rubbed down with a portion of the oil reserved for that purpose. Ulcer. — Dry and powder a walnut leaf, and strew it on, and lay another walnut leaf on that. Or, boil walnut-tree leaves in water with a little sugar. Apply a cloth dipped in this, changing it once in two days. This has done wonders. Or, foment morning and evening with a decoction of walnut tree leaves, and bind the leaves on. This has cured foul bones; yea, and a leprosy. Foment morning and even- ing with a decoction of mint; then sprinkle on itflnely-powdered rue. Or, burn to ashes, but not too long, the stalks on which the red cole- worts grow. Make a plaster of this and fresh batter. Change i once a day. Or, apply a poultice of boiled parsnips. This will cure even when the bone is foul. — Wesley. Ulcerated Gums. — Dilute elixir of vitriol, so as to make it slightly icid, and wash the mouth frequently with it. Or wash with diluted tincture of myrrh. Ulcerous Sores. — See "Logwood." URINE, INVOLUNTARY.— It proceeds from weakness of the 276 Appendix to Medical Department. urinary organs caused by the great use of tea and coffee, ardent spir- its, etc. It is often an attendant of advanced life, especially whenth* habits have been irregular. It sometimes results Irom paralysis. It is a very troublesome complaint. "If the patient can endure it, use the cold bath. Or, take a tea- spoon of powdered agrimony in a little water, morning and evening. Or, a quarter of a pint of alum posset every night. ' — Wesley. Make a decoction of bayberry bark, hemlock bark, wild cherry- tree bark. Bruise them. Take a wine-glass at a time. Uf^ at the same time the diuretic drops. Take occasionally 6 or 7 drops of laud- anum in a little water. Abstain from tea and 'coffee, or reJuce the quantity taken. Ardent spirits must be abandoned, and all liquids sparingly taken. When it is occasioned by stone or gravel, it requires the same treatment as recommended for the latter disease. When it is the con- sequence of morbid irritation of the bladder, prostrate gland, or dis- ease in the urethra, the tincture of buchu leaves in the ( ose of two tea-spoons two or three times a day, in a large wine-glass o^' the decoc- tion of marslimallow root, is a very valuable remedy. If incontinence of urine proceeds from f.aralysis, a t lister mvis\ be applied to tiie upper part of the sacrum. Or rub the region of ths bladder with tincture of cayenne, or with the anti-spasmoJic tinctuie Give also an injection of anti-spasmodic tincture, 1 table-spoon ; warn water, % pt. ; slippery elm. 2 tea-spoons. This course of treatment \% applicable when the disease ai-ises from nervous debility Dr. Bead recommends the use of the tincture of cantharides in do?es fiom 10 t' 20 drops three times a day in half a cup of linseed tea. Linseed tea i*- an appropriate drink ; add sometimes 5 or 6 drops of laudanum. If it proceeds from obstructed perspiration, the secretion shouk be restored. Use the sudorif.c powder, or the vapor bath. Inconll nence of urine may be benefited by oathing the body every mornii,^ with salt and water; and afterwards rubbing with the s'timulatir j> liniment. . Urine, Hot and Scalding. — It may arise from various causefi from inflammation of tlie kidneys, uterus, alcoholic drinks, luxurious diet, excessive venery, etc. Take the juice ot ground-ivy in linseed tea, with a little swee\ spirits of nitre. Drink cooling and mucilaginous drinks. Let thf, diet be liglit and spare. Buttermilk is very appropriate. See 'Tic'/etic Drops;" for tiiis complaint they are eftectual. Urine, Bloody.—" Take twice a day copious draughts of ir. fusion of yarrow " — Wesley. It generally indicates some other disease. Give small do'ioa of a solution of gum kino, and gum arabic, and alum, to which add from 8 to 16 drops of laudanum. The diuretic drops may be givori, half a tea-spoon at a time, two or three times a day. When blood is dischaiged with the urine in a plethoric habit, the use of on aperient medicine is necessary. (See "Castor Oil.") The saline purgatives are in this case inadmissible, on account of their rendering the urine more irritating. Tlie die*- should be low, unless tlie patient be much reduced, or the discharge of blood be the conse- quence of ulceration of the kidneys or bladder. In all eases, stimu- lants, as pepper, salt, etc., shouldbe avoided. Wiien it is occasioned by the meclumicnl action of a stone in the bladder, or gravel in tlie kidneys or uret<^rs. it will ••equire the trsat- ment recommended for those complaints Wlic .-liur.nitiou is ihw Appendix to Medical Department. 277 cause (which Is known from its being attended with a discharge of matter), the essential oil of turpentine, in the dose of 12 drops, in marsh mallow-root tea, has generally a very happy effect. The buchu leaves with gum aiabic, in these affections, ha\'e also proved particu- larly serviceable, as ihe following : Take of infusion of the buchu leaves, 8 ozs.; tincture »f the same, 6 drs. ; mucilage of gum arabic, 3 ozs. Three table-spoons of this mixture may be taken three times a day. Urine, SnppressioR of.— It may proceed from gravel. (See "Gravel.") " Drink largely of warm lemonade. Or, take a scruple of nitre every two liour^.. br, a spoon of lemon-juice sweetened with syrups of violets." — Wesuy. Immerse the feet in warm water and soap, and drink parsley-root tea. Take half a pint of spearmint tea, to which add 3 tea-spoons of sweet spirits of nitre, and a wine-glass of Holland gin. Sweeten it with sugar or honey. Repeat, if nepessary. If the disease is obstui- ate, steam with the vapor bath, or put the patient into a warm bath. Apply the tincture of cayenne over the bladder; and then a poultice of hops, if there is much pain. Or, give an injection of lobelia lierb; slippery elm bark, and valerian; balm water, a small cup. Infuse 15 minutes. Take at the same time the diuretic drops in pennyroyal tea. An aperient may be useful. Parsley tea, spirits of mint, sweet spirits of nitre, and a little camphorated spirits, all combined, have often effected a cure. The diuretic drops, urinary decoction, and infusions of spearmint, are very efBcient. Also decoctions or infusions of white poplar bark, dandelion root, linseed, queen of the meadow, cleavers, sweet shrub, juniper berries, uva ursi, commonly called bearberry coolwort. Urinary Decoction. — Cleavers, queen of the meadow, marshmal- lows, juniper berries, of each, 2 ozs. Boil in 4 qts. of water down to 1 qt. Dose. — A small cup a day. TOOTHACHE REMEDIES.— The following are good: Oil of cloves, J^ dr.; laudanum, 2 drs.; powdered alum, 1 dr.; spirits of nitre, 2 drs.; chloroform, 3^ dr. Mix. Apply with lint. A mixture of two parts of the liquid ammonia of commerce, with one of some simple tincture, (tincture of Benjamin, etc.,) is a good remedj" for toothache. A piece of lint dropped into this mixture and introduced into the carious tooth, when the nerve is immediately cau- terized, and the pain stopped. Saturate a little cotton wool with oil of cloves, and put it to the tooth. The oil of cloves might be kept ready in a bottle. It would be more efflc.aciojs if mixed with camphor, and two or three di'ops of chloroform. Or creosote, 1 part; spirits of wine, 10 parts; mix, and apply. Sometimes diluted ammonia relieves the toothache." Also a mix- ture of camphor, laudanum, oil of cloves, and chloroform. Mix well. Or keep in the mouth warm water and salt, with one fourth of laud- anum. Take of alum, in powder, 2 drs.; spirits of nitre, 7 drs. Mix, and apply it to the teeth. Take 3 spoons of brandy, adding to it 1 dr. of camphor, with 30 or 40 drops of laudanum. Drop a little on some lint. Apply it to the affected tooth and gum. A little tincture of cayenne would be an im- provement. Be ele'-trified through the teeth. Or apply to the aching tooth an artificia? magiiet. Or lay roasted pariiige of turnips, as hot as may 278 Appendix to Medical Department. be, behind the ear. Or lay a clove of o^ai-lic on tlie tooth. Or keep the feet in warm water, and rub them well with bran just before bed- time. Alum reduced to an impalpable powder, 3 drs. ; nitrous spirit of ether, 1 scr. ; mix, and apply to the tooth. Or, take of compound tincture of Benjamin, and Battley's solution of opium, of each, 1 dr.; mix. A little dropped on cotton, and applied to the hollow, and the gum of a decayed tooth, will afford eflectual relief. Take of tincture of cayenne, oil of cloves, and oil of summer savory, equal parts; put into 3 table-spoons of spirit of wine; add 6 drops of chloroform. Apply to the affected tooth and gums. Apply to the face at the same time a flannel bag of hops and camomile flow- ers saturated with hot vinegar, and 30 drops of laudanum. Warm water and salt kept in the mouth for some time, and re- newed, is a good remedy. Toothache, To Prevent. — Wash the mouth with cold water every morning, and rinse them after every meal. Or, rub the teeth often with tobacco ashes. — Wesley. TOOTH POWDERS.— The following are recommended : Take J^ oz. of powdered gum myrrh; 1 oz. of powdered bark; 2 drs. of cream-of-tartar; 1 dr. of bole ammoniac; mix in a mortar. A con^ stant use of this powder will cause the teeth to obtain a beautiful whiteness, and preserve them from decaying, and prevent the tooth- ache. Peruvian bark, charcoal, armenian bole, of each, y^ oz.; pow^ dered cinnamon, and bicarbonate of soda, of each, }^ u/. ; oil of cin- namon, 4 drops. Mix. One to Cure a Bad Breath. — Cream-of-tartar and chalk, each, J^ oz. ; myrrh, powdered charcoal, 2 drs. ; powdered orris root, 1^ dr. ; powdered Peruvian bark, 3 drs. Mix well together. Rubbing the gums with salt occasionally destroys the animalcula, which probably cause decay and aching of the teeth. Pounded charcoal very fine, 2 ozs. ; Peruvian bark, 1 oz. ; cam- phor. 3^ oz. Piepared chalk, orris root, and charcoal, powdered, equal parts. Coftee newly ground fine, mixed with charo<>al, is a first-rate powder. Scent as you like. Powdered cuttle-fish, 8 ozs.; powdered charcoal, 2 ozs.; burnt alum, 1 oz. ; powdered myrrh, 1 oz. Mix. TOOTH WASHES.— Tincture of myrrh, tlilured with water, and camphorated spirits. Or, a solution of borax and camphorated spirit combined. VOMITING.— It is generally preceded by the sensation of nausea and sickness, and a disposition to faint. Endeavor to ascertain the particular condition on which it depends. If it arises from some irri- tating substance in the stomach, as bile, then the stomach should be thoroughly cleansed. Take a beer-glass of warm water, and about one hour afterward an effervescing draught, in which drop a very little tincture of cayenne. The neutralizing mixture is an appropriate remedy; also the black draught, or one of the aperients. A mustaixl poultice over the stomach, and 10 drops of laudanum in a little brandy and water, tend to settle the stomach. Yomiting IJlood.— The escape of blood by vomiting is carefully to be distinguished from the expectoration of blood from the lungs. If from the stonach, the blood will be dark and clotted, and mixe«l Appendix to Medical JDepartmeni. 279 w^itb the eontenta of the stomach. The blood from the lungs is a bright red, often frothy and mixed with mucus. It is generally preceded Iby chilliness, nausea, heaviness, and pain at the stomach. It is followed by great weakness, and from that the danger chiefly arises. Tlie i)atient snould be placed in bed immediately, and be perfectly quiet. Place the' feet and hands in warm water, and apply mustard plasters to the calves of the legs. The following draught may be very serviceable : Infusion of roses, 12 drs.; diluted sulphuric acid, 10 drops; syrup of roses, 1 dr.; tincture of opium, 10 drops; mix. Or, take acetate of lead, 3grs.; purified opium, 1 gr. ; extract of i.emlock, 10 grs. Make 3 pills, one to be taken twice a day; drink after tliemicod lemon-juice and water, or vinegar and water," Use the vapor bath, if tiie person Is cold and chilly, and afttirwards apply hot bricks saturated in vine- gar and water to the feet and sidts. If there be conBtipation, give aperients, or a mild injection. Sometimes the vcmiting of blood proceeds from the retention of ihe menses. (See "Menses, Retention of.") Retching. — The act of vomiting, 01 rather those impotent strain- •ngs when the stomach is either empty, or the amount in it too small o be ejected by the force of tlie abdominal mnscles. As such spas- aodic actions are extremely exhausting, it is always best to give the tomach something to throw up, either simple warm water, or, if a rude or poisonous substance is in the stomach, an emetic. 10 drops of laudanum, in water, will .ometlines afford immediate relief; but in general, 1 or 2 half-pints of *'arm water will be found the best remedy for ordinary cases of dry •^tchiiiir. VAPORS, OR LOW SPIRITS.— This is a state of the system ,)opul:irly known l)y the term nervousness; and if the non-professional part of society only used it, tlie term might be excused, but medical »nen who should know better employ it too often as the name of a 'lisease. A late Duchess of Bedford, when at Bath, inquired what brought iio many of her friends there, and being generally answered " nervous- aess," "the nerves," or "nervous affection," acknowledged that she came there for pleasure, and thanked God that slie was born before nerves came into fashion. One object we have had in view in this work lias been to show the reader the simple cause and effect of all ailments, as far as professional knowledge went, and to avoid the jar- gon of technicality, or the mystification of medical practice, and by laying the trutli before the reader, leave to his own good sense the drawing of the proper inference; trusting that, like the Duchess of Bedford, he will be able to separate truth from cant. Nervousness, then, is not a disease; there is, in fact, no such thing, but there is a state of physical and mental prostration or debil- ity, the consequence most frequently of functional derangement, in which the person becomes bodily weak and mentally timid, and in which at times the imagination grows strangely perverted, the p;itient often believing himself converted into a glass bottle of so fragile a nature, that if abruptly handled he will break and be instantly anni- hilated; in some cases, again, the delusion is so strong, that the patient believes himself dead, lays out his limbs, closes his eyes, and assumes for hours, and even days, the semblance of a corpse. These and such like cases are generally called kypdchondriims. To undeceive such pntients and eflect a cure is a most diflicult task. In one instance the 28o Appendix to Medical Department. delusion of death was so rooted in the patient's mind, that the physV cian, to save hhn from dying in reality from inanition, had tht under taker called in, the i)atient put in a cotfin properly prepared for the occasion, and liis obstinate patient carried to tlie churchyard, where a poor relative, wliom the supposed deceased had greatly benefited, met the procession, and so vilified tlie memory of his patron, thiit the en- raged patient, who was enabled to hear every word, burst out of liis coffin, and, giving chase to the ungrateful detractor, ran till from ev haustion lie fell to the ground, when he was taken home, put to bed. and in a few hours was perfectly recovered — the powerful circulatio;) of the blood, the mental excitement, and tlie perspiratieu consequent on the exertion of the cliase, having eflfected a cure. For the cases where patients fancy tiiemselves Oamb waiters, tables, teapots, or to have lost their legs, it is impossibles to lay down any rule of medical conduct; the particular features of the case must suggest their own remedy. We shall consequently return to the more ordinary form in which we find vapors, and commence with tiie usual— Symptoms, which begin with languor, oppressed breathing, a sense of heat at the stomach, listlessness, indiflerence, and want of energy to perform the most trivial duty, a melancholy sadni'3,i, and distressing forebodings of future events, with great fear and yppreaension o\ personal danger from the most unreal causes, and so firm an opinior.i that his own view of things relating to himself is true, and must be realized, that no argument on the part of the physicL;ui can undeceivo the patient's mind. The CAUSES of this mental depression and physical weakness are almost always functional, and proceed from dyspepsia, biliaiy disturb ance, enlarged liver, etc., each cause acting on a naturally melancholic temperament. The great fear in this disease is the probability of the case degenerating into confirmed melancholia; or melancholy madness. The TREATMENT indicated is first to restore energy to the brair and nervous system, and then to remove the dyspepsia or the func tional causes. The first is to be elfected by cliange of scene, fresh society, and amusements, or by any means that will divert the patientV mind from his own case and imugiued sutteriugs, by rural sports, mod erate exercise, gaining his confidence, and condoling, but never bj ridiculing his feelings or foibles, and finally by persuasive arguments, inducing him to attempt the measures suggested; only a portion oi the scheme of treatment proposed being told to him at once. Thif ii* by far the most important, and also the most difficult part of the cure The second, or medical treatment, lies in giving tonics of quinine and iron, and anti-spasmodics, as those of camphor, valerian, opium, ether, etc. ; mild aperients, and the occasional use of the tepid and cold bath, and in a carefully arranged dietary, the amount of wine or stimulants being regulated by the condition of the patient. Where great debility, with a disinclination for all solid food, is experienced, a table spoon of the coidial medicine known as the com- pound tinctureof cardamonisof tlie Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, taken about eleven o'clock in the forenoon, an hour before dinner, and again in the evening, will frequently act most successfully as a stimulant and stomachic. In cases where tliere is both apathy for food with indiges- tion, and great nervous depression, a tea-spoon of Gregory's powder in a little peppermint water, two or three times a day, with a dose of the following mixture, will otten be found highly beneficial, especially- if MfliMied by an assafcetida pill at bed-time every ttiirdnigkt: Appendix to Medical Department. 281 Take of carbonate of ammonia, 1 scr. ; camphor water, 4)^ ozs. ; compound tincture of valerian, 4 drs. ; paregoric, 1 oz. ; tincture of lavender, 2 drs.; compound spiritg-of ether, 2 drs.; mix. One table- spoon to be taken every tour hours, or 2 table-spoons twice a day. WHITE SWELLING.— This is a very painful disease; it more frequently affects the knee than any other joint; sometimes the hip, ankle, and elbow. At fi/st a severe pain is felt penetrating the joint, or oiily one particular part of the joint. Tiie least motion aggravates^ the pain. It soon begins to swell considerably, and suppuration takesJ place. Matter is discharsed from several openings or ulci^rs, the bones*' are affected; and if the disease is not arrested, the life of the patient is endangered. Treatment. — Avoid the old system of treatment by the allopathic doctors, by mercury, blistering, setons, amputation, etc. Attend to the stomich and bowels, giving an emetic, and an aperient, if needed; to be followed by bitter tonics occasionally, giving the alterative syrup, diluted when first taken; or a decoction of sarsaparilla, sassafras, gui- acum, queen's delight, unicorn root, cleavers, prickly ash berries, of each, 1 oz. Simmer in a covered pan with two quarts of water down to three pints. Sweeten. A dessert-spoon three or four times a day. Steam the part with bitter herbs, and now and then give the vapor bath to the whole body. After steaming the affected part, rub the limb with the rheumatic liniment. Dr. Beach recommends the following : " Oil of hemlock, oil of sassafras, gum camphor, tincture of opium, 3^ oz. each, and 1 pt. of spirit of wine. When dissolved and properly mixed, bathe the part with it frequently." Then apply an oatmeal and bran poultice, mixed with a little finely powdered charcoal, salt, and cayenne pepper. If the pain is great, sprinkle on the poultice J^ oz. of laudanum. Keep it on as long as possible, and then steam. White Swelling.— The pain arising from white sweUings, and other similar swellings, may be instantly eased thus : Take the white )f an egg, and beat it up with two table-spoons of spring water; rub che part affected frequently, but gently, with the finger. White Swellings.— Hold the part half an hour every morning under a pump or cock. This cures all pains in the joints. It seldom fails. Tried. Or, pour on it daily a stream of warm water. Or, a stream of cold water one day, and warm the next, and so on by turns. IJse these remedies at first, if possible. It is likewise proper to inter- mix gentle purges, to prevent a relapse. Or, boiled nettles. — Wesley. WORMS.— The worms found in the human body are mostly the mcandes, the thread-worm, infesting the lower intestine, causing much itching and irritation about the anus. The tere.% or long round worm, generally seated in the small intestines, and stomach. The symptoms denoting the existence of worms are con. .on to the different species, viz., indigestion, with Ji. variable appetite; foul tongue; offensive breath ; hard, full, and tense belly, with :^ccasional gripings and pains about the navel ; heat and itching sens.aion in the rectum and about the anus; the eyes heavy and dull- -ciiing of the nose; short, dry cough; grinding of the teeth: anc' starting during sleep, attended often with a slow fever. The indications of cure are, first, to clear the stomach and intes- tines of redundanl; slime, and afterwards to strengthen the stomach and bovvels, so as to destroy the disposition to their generation. Give an emetic once or twice a week, in order to rid the stomach of impurities, slime, and morbific matter, the cause of worms. Attend 282 Appendix to Medical Department. to the state of tlie bowels, for they are often irregular through wortdS. A dose of the composition powder given night and morning, and bit- ter tonics during the day, will be of essential service. This should be continued a week or two. Lime-water being capable of dissolving the mucus in which the worms breed, may be taken; a tea-cup two or three times a day— less for a child. Take with it the tonic mixture, or bitters. It is very effectual in relieving children. The following infusion is valuable : Best senna, Carolina pink- root, manna, worm-seed, rhubarb, }4. oz. of each. Bruise them, and infuse for two or three hours in boiling water. Sweeten with molasses. Give to a child six years old 3 table-spoons a day. Sweets should bs avoided. Salt and water taken in the morning will expel worms, especially the seat worms. It may be made by dis- solving a table-spoon of salt in half a pint of water. It may also form an injection to bring away the ascarides. Camphor is another remedy. Dissolve 10 grs. in a little spirit of wine, and add it now and then to the tonic bitters. Worms, Yarious Remedies for the Cure of.— Take 1 oz. of tin, finely powdered, and 2 drs. of Ethiop's mineral, mixed together* divide it into 6 powders, and take 1 of tliem, in a little syrup, twice a day; when they are used, work them off with a little rhubarb. Or— Jalap, i^ oz. ; powdered rhubarb, 14 oz. ; gamboge, 2 drs.; syruj- of bear's-foot, suflacient to make it into a paste; then make it into or dinary sized lozenges. Dose.— For a child tliree years old, Y^ a loz- enge; six years, 1 lozenge; and so on, according to years. Or— Spirits of turpentine, in doses of from 8 drops to 1 tea-spoon, in gruel sweetened. Or — Cowhage mixed with molasses. Give a child 1 tea-spoon fasting for three or four mornings successively -an adult 1 table-spoon. Then give a purge. Powdered rust of iron is a good vermifuge. It expels the worms and strengthens the constitution. To a cliild six years old from 10 to 40 grs. may be given. An adult may take J^ oz. It may be given in molasses or in beer. Dr. Rush says : " Of all the worm medicines that I have given, I know^ none more safe and certain tlian this simple preparation of iron." It should always be followed by an aperient. The common naale fern-root is a certain remedy for the <(ipe-worm. Two or 3 drs. of the powdered root to be taken in the morning, no supper having been taken the night before. It generally sickens a little. A brisk purgative is to be given a few hours after, which some- times brings off the worm entire ; if not, the same course must be followed at due intervals. For the success of this remedy, the root should be recently gathered, as after being kept long in the shops its activity is diminished or destroyed. Worms.— Take 2 tea-spoons of brandy, sweetened with loaf sugar, every morning. Or, 1 spoon of the juice of lemons. Or, take 2 tea-spoons of worm-seed niixetl with molasses, for six mornings. Or, 1, 2, or 3 drs. of powdered fern-root boiled in mead. This kills both the flat and round worms. Repeat the medicine from time to time. — Wesley. Worm Fever.— Boil a handful of rue and wormwood in water-, foment the belly with the decoction, and apply the boiled herbs as a poultice; repeat the application night and morning. This frequently brings away worms from children who will take nc internal medicine, and is likewise serviceable if the fever be of the putrid Vaw^.— Wesley. Appendix to Medical Depuriment. 283 Worm Seeds. — The seeds of this American plant form a powerful Tfcnnifuge. It speedily expels round and other -worms from the intes- tines. The seeds are given in substance from 10 grains, or half a drachm, finely powdered, strewed on bread and butter, or made iiy;o an electuary with honey or molasses. After using some days, give an aperient, and the tonic bitters. In this country they use the oil also. Five to ten drops of the oil mixed with sugar, are a common dose for a child. Or, twelve drop^ for an adult. Tform Syrup. — Senna, Carolina pink, of each, 1 oz.; peach leaves, male fern, of each, "% oz.; kousso, V/^ ozs. Powder, and add a cup of pure water, near boiling; shake up in a bottle for a day; then add a cup of spirit of wine. Shake up several times a day for a week, keep- ing the bottle in a warm place. Then add another cup of hot water in which has previously been infueed half a tea-spoon of cayenne pepper. This recipe is valuable. It will cause all kinds of worms to flee before it. Dose. — For a child six years old, \ tea-spoon four times i day. It may be given in well sweetened coflfee. WOUNDS.— Apply juice or powder of yarrow. Or, leaves of ground-ivy upon it. Or, wood-betony bruised. This quickly heals »ven cut veins and sinews, and draws out thorns or splinters. — Wedty. Wounds— To Prevent from Mortifjring.— Sprinkle sugar upon "hem, or powdered blood-root. Wounds — Putrid. — Wash them morning and evening with warm iecoction of agrimony. If they heal too soon, and a matter gathers anderneath, apply a poultice of the leaves pounded, changing therrt once a day till well. Or, apply a carrot poultice; but if a gangrene comes on, apply a wheat flour poultice (after it has been by the fire till 't begins to ferment) nearly cold. It will not fail. Wounds— To Staunch the Bleeding of.— Where it can be done, fake a bandage, handkerchief, or gaiter, and put it round the limb betwixt the wound and the heart, and tie it tight. It will answer the purpose of a tourniquet, and stop the bleeding till effectual relief can pe given. In many cases, it might save life. Or, take a pledget of lint, and form it into a little ball, and press It upon the mouth of any bleeding vein or artery. Apply lint and small compresses saturated with salt and water, and bind them on the wound, to suppress the bleeding. In dressing, bring the lips of the wound together, and keep them 60 by means of adhesive plaster, compresses, and a bandage. Wounds thus dressed may heal without suppuration. Frequently wet the dress- ings with diluted brandy and salt. Let the dressings remain two or three days. If suppuration takes place, remove the adhesive plaster, •tc, and apply a bread poultice, or th-? slippery elm bark poultice; afterwards apply the salve or i)laster. In ease of proud flesh appear- ing, sprinkle sugar, or powdered bloodroot upon the wound ; or apply as a lotion the diluted solution of chloride of soda, or chloride of lime — that is, in proportion of 1 oz. of the solution to a pint of water. Or, Mse a few grains of the vegetable caustic. YARROW.- This plant is well kown. The infusion taken inwardly, and applied outwardly as a wash, is good for piles, and sores. It is ex- cellent for flux, looseness, and nervous melancholy. The powder is recommended for colic, ague, whites; and it is very useful in colds. It restrains the involuntary discharge of urine in children. YELLOW FETEK.— The first stage usually begins with Teariness, *b.W.f fits, faJiutaeea, giddioose, flushing o>ftJ2e faee, r«>dDiee6 of tihe eyes, 19 284 Appendix to Medical Department. pain in the e5'e-balls, forehe.-iu, back, great weakness, anxiety, thlrsti and lethargy. The urine is liigh colored, deficient, and turbid. The tongue is covered with a darli fur; the perspiration is irregular, inter- rupted and lessened; the bile is secreted in unusual quantities, and speedily ejected from the stomiich. The skin is very dry, hot, and liard. The eyes, face, and breast become yellow. This stage of the disease lasts about 48 hours. The symptoms be- gin to abate, by which the patient is flattered; but returning aggrava- ted symptoms soon undeceive him. He becomes very debilitated; putrefaction takes place ; large patches of livid spots appear on dlflfer- ent parts of the body; the tongue becomes dry and black; black fur on fne teeth, and oft blood from the mouth, nose, nostrils, etc. The whole body often exhibits a livid yellow. The causes may be contagion, the use of ardent spirits, marblelzing the liver, destroying digestion, etc. It may be caused by cold, wet feet and clothes, obstructing perspiration, etc. Treatment. — The first object must be to excite action in the Btomach, bowels, liver, and skin. Give an emetic; clear the bowels by a brisk purgative. Give the diaphoretic powder, and place the patient in the vapor bath, regulating the heat according to the strength of the patient. While in the bath let the patient drink balm, pennyroyal, ot catnip tea. When he comes out of the bath, place him in a warm bed, well covered with blankets to produce perspiration. If he perspiresv gradually lessen the covering. If vomiting prevails, give the neutralizing mixture, a table-spoor every half hour till the vomiting ceases. If the stomach be very irri table, give with the neutralizing mixture a drachm of Epsom salt*, to each dose, in a little tea; if the vomiting does not abate, persevei* with the medicine, and apply mustard plasters to the stomach and fee* twice a day. Do not neglect aperients; for it is of the highest impor tance to promote the natural evacuations. Attend also to the skin. If dry, hot, and parched, give an infusio* of boneset, to be drank freelj', to promote perspiration. If this shouH fail, give the Sudorific Powder, or the Sweating Drops till perspiratio't takes place. Should they cause too much sickness, give lemonade this country. It is sold by homepathic chemists. The application should be continued for a few weeks. Or, touch them frequently with blue vitriol; or, nitric acid; or, chloride of zinc. A bit of impure potass moistened should be applied to the warts a few minutes, so as to leave a whitish paste upon them; put over it a sticking plaster for A week. Repeat if needed. Warts.— Kub them daily with a radish, or with the juice of mari* Sold flowers— it will hardly fail. Or, water in which sal-ammoniac^ ia issolved. Or, apply bruised purslain as a poultice, changing it twice a day. It cures it in seven or eight days. — Wesley. Or, steep in vinegar and salt the rind of a lemon, and apply it t cold water. The above is a dose for an adult. Or, take a large liand ful of feverfew, and cummin seeds and ginger, 1 oz. of each toSquarIk of water; boil to 3 pints. Add a little tincture of cayenne. DosE.- three or four wine glasses a day. PROUD FLESH. — A popular name given to those watery granii lations which spring up suddenly in cicatrizing wounds, or granulati n >. surfaces, giving the ulcer or wound an uneven, weak, and florid ap pearance. These excessive granulations, as surgeons call them, ar« red, flabby elevations that spring up, sometimes round the edge of th- ulcerated surface, or in its center, in circumscribed patches, or separate cones or elevations, and are indicative of a rapid but weak action ii the part; they are in themselves perfectly harmle.-!s, though, accordiUj to popular belief, the presence is regarded as indicative of serious mis chief, if not of danger. A lotion of sulphate of zinc, or bluestone, i' the proportion of 3 or 3 grains to the ounce of water, if applied on lii* once or twice will generally reduce such exuberant growths, at th- same time that it stimulates the vessels of the parts to a more equal an steady action. Should the lotions above not answer the purpose, small quantity of burnt alum may be scattered over the granulations or a thin spreading of the red precipitate ointment, or a drachm o\ citron ointment (ointment of the nitrate of mercury), witli 3 drachmi of red precipitate, may be mixed and applied in the same wayj buv ointments should be avoided to wounds as much as possible, and lotions, but stronger than the above, used instead. When the system is weak, and the diseased surface large, wine and tonics should be given to the patient, and in extreme cases caustic is to be used, but this is only when the granulations become of a fungoid cliaracter. NOCTURNAL EMISSIONS.— An involuntary seminal discharge, occurring during sleep, generally the result of excited dream.s and often caused by dissipated habits and a relaxed system. This exhaust- ing complaint is generally confined to the young, and, when not the result of vice, may be easily overcome by a course of tonics, local and general, such as the following: 1st, cold salt water bathing, or else sponging the body, especially the loins and hips, every morning with cold vinegar and water, with the after use of the flesli brush; 2d, a grain of quinine m;idc into a pill, taken twice u day, and 20 drops of the tincture of iron Qin^tvtra muriaiisferri) in a cup o( barley water Jippendix to Medical Department. 2S7 th>>ets tihflws a oay ; and 3d, by taking 20 drops of laudanum on going to bed, whe»i the case demands it. SINKING, OR EXHAUSTION AT THE PIT OF THE STOMACH. — A popular mode of expressing a nervous sensation; a sudden loss of power or strength — a collapse ot the stomach — as if the food and vitality of the organ had been in a moment taken away. Such sensations of sudden exhaustion are purely nervous, and indicate an impaired diges- tion. 30 drops of sal-volatile in half a wine glass of camphor water will generally relieve the sense of exhaustion for the time being; but should it recur frequently, a powder containing 2 grains of columba, 2 grains of ginger, and 10 grains of bicarbonate of soda, twice a day, will correct the state of the stomach which induces the sinliing feeling; or half a tea-spoon of Gregory's i^owder in a little peppermint water may be taken for the same purpose. SMOKING. — This vice — for, carried to the extent that it now is, it is truly one — in which even boys iridulge with the freedom and aban- donment of men, is an evil that eaiuiot be too severely reprobated, for it must be evident to the dullest comprehension that the constant ab- sorption, however minute tlie quantity, of the fumes of a deadly drug, cannot be daily persisted in witliout injury to tlie system. A pipe of tobacco, or a cigar, once or twice a day, if it causes no salivation, or the smoker abstains from expectoration, may possibly b« indulged in with impunity; but when the salivary glands are greatly excited, and the person accustoms himself to expectorate while smoking, the prac- tice must be regarded as extremely objectionable and dangerous. The system, in the tirst place, is deprived of* large amount of' the natural solvent of the food; digestion is greatly impaired in consequence; less chyle extracted from the aliment taken, and.the blood impoverished by receiving less than its due proportion of healthy nutriment. Hollow cheeks, and emaciated bodj^ impaired digestion, a languid appetite, and a listless state of mind, are the certain consequences resulting from an over indulgence in the practice of smoking, accompanied witli excessive expectoration. Smokers sliouhl in all cases avoid using short or dirty pipes, as the rank oil given off from the burning tobacco, by h-ritating Clacks or sores on the lips, very often induces a scirrhus or cancer of the lower lip; besides this danger, such a custom taints the breatli most offensively. ABORTION. — A separation from the womb, and a coming away of the child, before the proper period for its expulsion, and when it is impossible for it to live wlien born. Abortion can only occur hctove ih.G sixth, month of pregnancy; after that period and up to the eightli month it is called a miscarriage, and any lime between the eighth and ninth months a premature labor. Women of all conditions of life, and at all ages, are subject to abortion, though it is much more frequent with those living in cities tlnin in villages — among the weak and delicate than the robust and vigorous, and more prevalent in young mothers than in those who have had several children. Tlie cauaes that produce abortion are veiy numerous; sometimes they proceed from a natural weakness of the constitution, the system seeming unable to carry on the new action unless assisted by art and medicine. Over-fatigue, sitting long in a heated room, dancing, sudden emotions of the mind, such as grief or terror, falls, blows, or kicks, are all occasionally the immediate cause of this mishap; but by fur the most frequent reason is a false step, a sudden iar to the body, jumping from a cliair, straining to lift heavy weight, turning a bed, or attempting to reach an article beyond a per- 28 J Appendix to Medical Peparimefii. Bon's height, or from a violent fit of coughing. There are other causes, but those may be imagined from wliat have been already described. Abortion may occur at the end of the fourth week of pregnancy, at the end of the second and third months, the fifth and the sixth ; but the two most frequent periods are between the seventh and twelfth weeks, and at the sixth month. Symptoms. — When the death of the child — or fetus, as it is called before birth — is the cause of the abortion, the fact is indicated by the soft and flabby state of the breasts, a sense of weight and coldness at the bottom of the belly, attended with occasional shivering, pains in the back and loins, and, after a time, by a bearing down pressure that comes on and goes oflF at regular periods and intermissions, till the coming on of the proper expulsive pains. Where the cause has been sudden, the first symptoms are generally pains in the back, weight in the bottom of the abdomen, langor, great depression of spirits, shiver- ing, and occasionally fainting. These are followed, after a longer or shorter time, by a discharge of blood, sometimes only trifling, at others excessive and in alarming quantity, accompanied by sharp flying pains along the back and over the belly; these pains gradually increase in strength and duration, till they assume all the characters of regular labor pains, which continue till the child or the embryo is expelled (See " Labor.") As women who have once had an abortion are par ticularly liable to suffer a repetition of the same misfortune, and at the same period, particular care must be taken in the next pregnancy, especially till the woman has passed the period of the first mishap, to protect her from any injury or circumstance which might cause a rep- etition of the accident; for there is no casualty to which a female is liable, that produces a more serious and depressimg influence on the system, than that of abortion ; and should it occur with a first child, it may be repeated for several years, unless most skilfully guarded against. Treatment. — The first object to be considered, in cases of ex- pected abortion, is to arrest the progress if begun, and, if possible, secure the continuance of the pregnancy. For this purpose the earliest symptoms are to be attended to, and these are, pains in the back and loins, sometimes extending over the front of the belly, accompanied with a general heat and irritability of the body, with a frequent de- sire to empty the bladder, and a slight evidence of blood, or show. In cases of this nature, and before the separation of the child from the womb has been effected, and while there is yet a chance of prevent- ing the abortion, the patient is to be placed on her back, in bed, and kept perfectly calm and still, the legs slightly raised, so as to relax the muscles of the abdomen, and napkins, wrung out of cold water or cold vinegar and water, applied frequently over the belly. An eff"ervescing drauglit, made by dissolving twenty grains of carbonate of soda in the third of a tumbler of water, and adding fifteen grains of tartaric acid, is to be given every one or two hours, and followed the next day by a small quantity ot castor oil. All rich and stimulating foods and drinks are to be prohibited, and every noise or excitement carefully guarded against. In young and robust constitutions, and when the pulse is quick and full, from six to nine leeches should be applied over the womb, and in addition to the effervescing draughts, a seidlitz powder taken once or twice, to act more fully on the bowels. By these means, keeping the body cool and quiet, and the mind tranquil, the threatened danger, by a week or two's rest, may be got over, and nature thus assisted resume its functions, and the pregnancy proceed to a happy termination. Appendix to Medical Department. 289 When, however, from the symptoms already given, there is reason to believe the child is dead, the patient is to be kept perfectly tranquil and on her back, bottles of hot water are to be placed to the feet, and a napkin, folded into a large square, and wrung out of cold vinegar and water, applied to the abdomen so as to cover it, while another made smaller is applied to the lower parts; these being at once removed, wetted, and reapplied, as soon as they become warm. A few spoons of gruel, with a little brandy, are to be given from time to time, ac- cording to the weakness or exhaustion of the patient. Should the amount of blood discharged be moderate, the above ap- plication will be found generally sufficient to arrest it entirely, or till nature expels the child and its membranes, by a few of the ordinary pains of childbirth; but if the amount of blood be large, and if there be an absence of all expulsive pains, a silk handkerchief should be at once wetted with sweet oil, or in the absence of that, smeared with lard, and then piece by piece cautiously passed into the birth, and then, MS already directed, the cold vinegar and water is to be applied to the xibdomen. The object of this plug, as it is called, is to cause the blood y) coagulate internally, and so stop the further bleeding from the "Vomb, till the proper pains set in, and the contraction of the muscles ♦f the abdomen shows that the expulsive efforts have commenced, gc Iww nearly ««a9ed, simple i^2 Appendix to Medieal Department. warm water dressings may be substituted, and then apply the black salve, (which see.) Breasts, Hard. — Apply turnips roasted till soft, mashed and mixed with a little oil of roses. Change twice a day, keeping the breast warm with flannel. Breasts, Sore and Swelled. — Boil a handful of camomile, and as much mallows in milk and water. Foment with it between two flan- nels, as hot as can be borne, every twelve hours. This also dissolves any knot or swelling in any part. — Wesley. BREATH, FETID. — The smell may proceed from the lungs or the stomach, but in nine cases out of ten it originates in the stomach, and the following is a simple and prompt i-emedy : Three hours after a meal take a large tea-spoon of a solution of 6 parts of chlorate of pot- ash in 120 parts of sugared water, and at the same time rinse out the mouth well with the same solution. When the breath is tainted with onions, eat parsley and vinegar, or orris root, or gum kino. Or, take a dose of rhubarb and magnesia occasionally; finely powdered charcoal has been recommended; also a decofition of camo- mile and wormwood. For impure breath caused by decaying teeth, chew orris root, and Peruvian bark, or use the same as a powder. Or take charcoal powder, powdeied mynh, powdered cuttle-fish, carbon- ate of soda, and a drop or two of oil of cloves. Keep the mixture iu the mouth as long as possible. BREATHING, DIFFICULT.— Vitriolated spirits of ether, 2 ozs., camphor, 15 grs. ; paregoric, ]4. oz.; ipecacuanha wine, 1 table-spoon, water, % pt- Mix, and cork well. Take 1 tea-spoon when the breath- ing is laborious. It relieves at once. HYSTERIA, (Commonly called Hysterics).— This disease, though most frequently excited by some uterine aftection, is purely nervouss in its character, and one greatly depending on some emotional state of the mind. Though females from the age of seventeen to forty-eigh* are the general sufferers from hysteria, delicate males, and those em- ployed in sedentary occupations, or of a scorbutic constitution, art" sometimes affected by it. Among females, the unmarried and thost who have never had children are the persons most predisposed to ai. attack, which may be induced by uterine irregularity, violent emo- tions, grief or joy, tight lacing, flatulence, or any cause that weaken* the stamina of the body. Symptoms. — These commence by yawning, depression of spirits, flushings of the face, sudden tears, palpitation of the heart, pain in the left side, with a sense of swelling, and a feeling as if a ball wa.=5 rising from the stomach up into the throat, with a sense of choking, the pa- tient being convinced that there is an actual round substance lodged in her gullet. From this symptom the disease has been named Globus Hystericus. The patient now becomes fiiint and restless; the body and limbs become agitated with wild and irregular actions ; she is seized with fits of alternate tears and laughter, with incoherent and noisy ejaculations; while the muscular contortions become so violent that many men are often necessary to restrain the actions of a delicate girl. After remaining in this state from a few minutes to in some cases many hours, there is a belching of air from the mouth, when, with a heav}' sigh or a few deep sobs, she slowly recovers, and either falls into a sleep, or may suddenly start up, and go through the same chain of symptoms, having a succession of fits and interuiispion," A peculiar- ity in hysteria is that it may assume tlie characters of almost every other disease ; the wily dioeafte, howevw, with which it '•ould be con- Appendix to Medical Department 293 j*^ ndPd is epilepsy, and from that it is distin^islied by tlie patient being pnrtially sensible in hysteria, and totally insensible in epilepsy; by the foaming at the mouth in the latter, and the absence of it in hysteria, in which there is always a twinkling or trembling of the eyelids. Treatment. — In young, robust patients, or countrj' girls, bleed- ing is sometimes necessary to abate the violence of the spasms. In slight, and indeed ordinary cases, the simple practice of cuttiiia all the strings and laces at once with a knife, laying the patient on he^ back and dashing cold water suddenly in the face, and holding somd hartshorn to the nose, will generally effect a recovery. If not, how- ever, 30 drops of sal-volatile, 30 drops of spirits of lavender, and 10 drops of spirits of ether, in a wine-glass of camphor water, given directly, will, if the face is dried and again suddenly aspersed vvitli cold water, be found sufficient to rouse the patient and break the spas- modic action. In very severe cases, however, an emetic of 15 grs. of white vitriol in warm water will be the most effective and expeditious remedy. A few hours after the subsidence of the attack an aperient pill should be given, either of asafcetida and aloes, or of compound colo- eynth, and means taken to recruit the strength, or remove the imme- diate cause of the attack; in general, steel wine and quinine will be found the best remedies — a tea-spoon of the tirst every four hours, and I gr. of the latter til ree times a day; or the iron and bark may be combined, as in the following : Tonic Powders. — Take of prepared carbonate of iron, 2 drs. ; sul- phate of quinine, 6 grs. Mix, and divide into 6 powders. One to be taken three times a day Hysterics. — This disease mostly affects young, nervous, single women. It manifests itself by fits, often preceded by nervous lowness, difficult breathing, sickness at the stomacli, palpitations, and a pain at the left side, a rumbling noise in the bowels, the sensation of a ball ascending to the throat, with a feeling of suffocation, convulsions, laughing and crying without any apparent cause. Almost every part of the nervous system is liable to this affection. The disease seldom proves fatal. It is caused by menstrual irregularities, indolence, irreg- ular living, costiveness, indigestion, worms, obstructed pex"spiration, etc. An hysteric fit may be easily distinguished from fainting; for, in fainting tlie pulse and respiration are entirely stopped; in hysterics, ■ they are both perceptible. Treatment. — First loosen the dress, and dash cold water in the face. It is of the greatest importance to put the feet and legs in warm water as soon as possible Give an emetic. The expectorant tincture must be given to remove the rising in the throat, the sense of suffoca- tion, collected phlegm, etc. If the patient cannot swallow, pour ii into the mouth, and it will relax the jaws, etc., and cause the piitieis: to swallow; it will send the blood to the surface and extreraeties, affec.i the brain and nervous system so as to end the attack even by a singk' dose. The vapor bath should be given as soon as possible. Or, put the patient to bed, and apply hot bricks or bottles of hot water to the feet and sides; the bottles to be folded in cloths wet with vinegar and water. Should these means fail, give the anodyne powdt-rs. Give also gentle aperients; and above all, do not neglect to give the nervous pill, which is wonderfully efficacious. Tlie aperients may be assisted ^94 Appendix to Medical Depar t m mtt . by injections of gruel, "% oz. of the tincture of asafcetida, or a taMw spoon of spirits of turpentine; sweeten witii molasses. Tonics, as quinine, should be freely given. If tlie disease arises from obstructed menses, worms, etc., the case must be treated as directed under those complaints. LABOR, OR CHILDBIRTH.— The great importance of this sub- ject necessitates our entering at some length on the different matters involved in the important operation of nature that forms the theme before us. Most practical surgeons divide labors into four orders — iiittural, tedious, preternatural, and complex ; and though we purpose to confine our remarks to the first, it is necessary that we should state the characteristics of each. A natural labor is one in which the. child presents naturally for the birth, and the labor is begun and concluded in the space of twenty- four hours. Tedious labors are those in which the presentation is still natural, but from some irregularity in the action of the womb, the delivery is extended over the twenty-four hours, being somet?nies de- layed for seventy-two hours. Preternatural labor: this order implies an unnatural presentation — that is, any part of the child above or be- low the funis, or navel-cord, presenting, except the head. Complex labors are those where the birth is complicated with hemorrhage, or separation of the placenta, or after-birth ; by the presentation of a foot or a hand, or, in the case of twins, two hands or two feet, and a few other peculiarities. Natural Labor is divided into three stages ; the first stage em- braces the period from the first pains, or from the commencement of the contraction of the womb, to the complete dilatation of its mouth, or outlet — a process that may extend from four to twelve hours. The second stage extends from the complete opening of the womb to the birth or expulsion of the child, and may extend from half an hour tc twelve or more hours; and the third stage is comprised in the time fron» the birth of the child to the expulsion of the after-birth and mem- branes, and the complete contraction of the womb, generally occupy- ing about half an hour. Most women strive to keep about till the last, and seldom, unless fantastical, wish to have the surgeon about them until his services are likely to be of use ; and most women, particularly those who have had children, can always tell when that time has arrived, both by their feelings and by certain signs denominated shorts ; and as some females have a very rapid time, the whole three stages being often completed in less than an hour, the medical man should always be sent for di- rectly that local demonstration is made. The surgeon, if he is a man of any experience, will be able to form a shrewd guess of how the labor is progressing by watching his pa- tient's face, paying attention to the tone of her voice, and by noticing whether the abdominal tumor is high up or low down. When it is necessaiy to make an examination, it should be performed tenderly and expeditiously; the patient being previouslj'^ placed on her left side in bed, and covered by the counterpane, as it is quite unnecessary for her to go to bed for good till such time as her doctor considers it pru- dent. The object of the first examination is to ascertain that point, and to satisfy himself on three important matters, — first, i.s it a natural pre.sentation; in other words, is the 7iead presenting, and if so, is it presenring right, or in sucli a manner that the occiput, or back of the head, shall be to the pubis and the face to the sacrum? Secondly, if the mouth of the womb open, are its lips thin, dilatable, and moist, o/ Appendix to Medical Department. 295 are they thick, puckered, dry, and unyielding? And lastly, are the passages relaxed and moist? If these points are all favorable, the labor may be prognosticated as likely to be safe and expeditious; the patient should be allowed to get up and walk about the room as long — with occasional rests — as possible, holding by the bed-post every time a pain comes on, the surgeon avoiding all unnecessary examina- tions, till the length of tlie pains and their close sequence give evidence that the time for liis professional aid is approaching. When that time has arrived, the woman is to be put to bed, placed as before, on her left side, with her knees drawn closely up to the stomach; the side of the sheet and the quilt should be pinned together in several places, so that the hand can be instantl}^ passed beneath the clotlioa when tlie.surgeon, seated in a chair, with his back to the foot of the bed, places himself in readiness for his duty. As the womb contracts with the pain, it forces the child's head on the mouth of the organ; the head, by a succession of rotary, drill-like motions, gradu- lUy expanding the opening, when the membranous bag in which the 3hild floats in the aqua amni begins to protrude through the aperture; this is the time that great cai"e is necessary on the part of the surgeon lot prematurely to rupture the membranes, till both head and mem- jrane have answered their purpose, that of drilling open the mouth if the womb; nature always effecting that object at the ^ roper time, mmediately after the breaking of the water, as the rupture of the mem- .ranes is called, the womb, having now greater space, contracts with iouble power, and by one or two pains often forces the head clear ^rom tiie womb, and a considerable way into the vagina, from whence, ifter a temporary rest, and sometimes brief snatches of sleep by the patient, the head is brought almost to the birth, the perinceum being at •each expulsive pain stretched like the head of a drum. This is the most critical period of the whole labor, and demands the greatest vig- ilance and cave on the ]>art of the surgeon to be ready to support with the italm of his hand the perincemn, and prevent the too rapid exit of the head. The last and most severe pain is that which expels the bead, after which there is a brief intermission, but not of suffering, till another contraction delivers the shoulders; the body and limbs the surgeon, by a lateral motion, removing with both his hands. With the cry of the child, the exhausted mother forgets all her pains, and it should be the surgeon's duty to take care that she shall have that gratification instantly, by observing that nothing gets before the child's mouth, and that by raising the clothes he affords it abun- dance of air. If the cry is feeble, the mouth and nostrils are to be instantly cleansed from any mucus or froth that may clog them, and the spine rubbed vigorously with the fingers of the right hand. If the child is still mute, or partially so, a basin of warm water is to be placed in the b«d, and the infant immersed up to the throat in the bath thus provided, and those means adopted for suspended animation described under "Advice to Mothers." After the child has cried freely for a few minutes, the navel cord is to be tied by a ligature about an inch and a half from the body, by means of the strings Avhich, before the ru[)ture of the membranes, the surgeon should have placed in readiness, and which are made by doubling two half yards of the Unbleached thread, and knotting eacli together, so as to make two strings of a quarter of a yard long. (See " Advice to Mothers.") Having tied the cord next the child, he should then place the other ligature about two inches above the first, and with the scissors divide the cord near the fi.rst, or between the two 99^ ■Af>pendix to Medical Department. knots; the child is then to be loosely folded in a blanket, and placed near the mother till the labor is completed. If, after waiting for ten minutes, there should be no succeeding pain, the surgeon should lay his hand on the abdomen, and, grasping the loose integuments, employ both friction and pressure, but gently, to cause tlie contraction of the womb, that the after-birth may be expelled. Should this not succeed in inducing a pain, the hand should be dipped in cold water, and again applied to the abdomen. If after fifteen minutes from the birth tlie placenta is not expelled, the cut cord is to be taken in the left hand, and the right, guided by the cord, is to be passed gently upward, and, with tenderness and care, the after-birth, finally encompassed by the hand, is to be brought away. As soon as this is effected, and the womb has contracted, a broad binder, girth, or bandage, about eighteen inches wide, is to be passed smoothly around the woman's body, and tied or pinned in several places, tightly over the abdomen. A warm napkin is next to be applied, the patient well covered with extra clothes, a draught with the sixth of a grain of morphia, or 25 drops of laudanum, given, and the patient allowed to remain undisturbed for at least two hours. Sometimes, at the commencement, it happens that the woman i» disturbed with small, exhausting pains, that keep her occasionally fo» hours, and sometimes even for days, in a state of irritation aiwi suffei' ing, without producing any effect' upon the womb, or advancing tiit labor in the sliglitest degree ; in fact, only breaking up the patient'"- strength, and rendering her tetchy and desponding. Examinatioj will discover, in all probability, tliat the mouth of the uterus is onl} so far open as to admit the point of the finger; that the lips are rigid extremely sensitive, and dry. An examination of the woman's facf during the progress of one of these abortive pains will show the sur geon that the womb is contracting irregularly, and in such a manner that, without closing on the child, and forcing it on the opening, thej only cause griping, crampy pains, that do no eui'thly good, and merel) exhaust and worry the patient. lu such a case, the duty of the sur geon is to suspend sucli fugitive or false pains, and give the woman a. much rest as possible till the coming on of the true labor. For thu purpose the following draught should be given ; the patient put to bed hot water applied to her feet, and a warm napkin laid across tlie ab domen : Take of spirits of mindererus, 6 drs. ; spirits of sweet nitre, ^ dr. Ipecacuanha wine, % dr. ; syrup of saffron, 1 dr. ; laudanum, 3^ drojjs ; or, acetate of morphia, J^ gr. ; camphor watei", enough to makt 11^ o/,s. Mix. To be given directly. When the patient rouses from the sleep which is certain to follow the abeyance of the pains, it is possible labor will commence in earn- est. The surgeon, however, wiil liave satisfied himself, before giving the sedative drauglit described above, on two of tlie most important facts connected with the v/hole labor — tlie condition of the bowels, and the state of the bladder, for if eitlier are distended, the operations of nature, however forcible aud rightly directed, will be delayed fov hours. If, then, these should require relieving, they should be emptied directly in all cases; and in such a condition as we have been describ- ing, even before giving the draught. Napkins wrung out of hot water and applied to the pubic region, or a bottle of hot water, enveloped in flannel, applied to the part, will generally excite the bladder to &H, without resorting to the catheter; while an enema of warm grue? "• often quite sufficient to empty the large bowel, the rectum. Appendix to Medical Department. 297 Though nature generally throws out sufficient exudation to keep rt^e passages moist, when the labor is very protracted these always be- come dry and hot, and tlien require to be often and freely lubricated with larii, or some kind of a lirni pomatum, a quantity of which will always form an accompauimtnt to tlie baby-basket. In ca.^es where tlie patient is nervous, weak, and the period of even a natural labor would exhaust her strength, or where either convul- sions or hemorrhage is to be feared, or sliould one or the other have set in, it becomes the surgeon's duty to expedite the labor as much as possible. To effect this purpose, he must give her the secale, or ergot of rye — a drug which possesses the singular property of acting, within ten or twenty minutes, directly on the womb, causing it to contract and expel its contents. There are certain conditions, however, that must previously exist before the secale — except in special cases — can, or ouglit to be given. Tliese conditions are, — TJie womb must be well open, the lips thin and dilatable, the child presenting naturally, the pas- sages relaxed, arid no malformation of the pelvis existing. To prepare the secale. — Bruise 2 drs. of secale, and boil it slowly, with about 20 grs. of carbonate of soda, in 4 ozs., — a quartern, — of water, for ten minutes; strain the liquid, and to 3^ a tea-cup add enough sugar to sweeten, and 1 table-spoon of gin, and give the ves- sel to the patient to drink off the hot draught as she would a cup of coffee. In a few minutes, the stronger and more expulsive action of the womb will show that the draught has taken effect. When hemorrhage attends the labor, the secale must be given directly ; and should it follow the expulsion of the after-birth— which, till the womb closes, there is always fear of— cold water must be poured on the abdomen to promote contraction ; or cloths, soaked in cold lo- iions, applied across the stomach, while the patient's strength is sup- Eorted by brandy, ammonia, and ether, and the feet kept hot with eated bricks. The most important means, however, is the plug, or stopping up of the passage, as the process is called. This is effected by the oiling of a silk handkerchief, and passing the whole gradually up the vagina, 60 as to allow the formation of a clot. and the arrest of the bleeding, or, as it is called at such times, the flooding. If everything goes on favorably, the patient very seldom requires any medicine— except the sedative draught— till the fourth day, when a mild dose of castor oil should be given to act on the bowels; while if the child has been placed at the breast from the first hour, it is sel- dom in a healthy woman, when common care is taken, that anything will be required for the milk or the breasts. For the management of the navel, and many other important matters on this subject, see " In- fant." LONGING.— A vulgar expression applied to pregnant women, when, from the state of the system, and an impaired appetite, they express a preference for certain articles tliat some innate feeling teaches them would be beneticial or of service to their state of health. As it is seldom that those desires are irrational or injurious, such solicita- tions, when they occur, which is by no means often, should, if possible, be always complied with, for so active is the imagination of the female at such times, and so extraordinary the sympathy between the feelings of the mother and the nervous system of her unborn child, that a willful rejection of her desires, or a rude exposure of her wishes, may result in an injury or disfigurement to the infant. On this subject •«« ''Prs^oanc^," aad "M<»ther's Majrlu." 298 Appendix to Medical Department. MILK FEVER. — This is one of the diseases to which womeii hi childbed — especially with first children — are very liable, and may be induced by cold, by excessive heat in the room, or by any cause of undue excitement. The disease usually takes place about the third day, and is directly caused by some obstruction to tiie flow of the milk, as from an impei-fect nipi)le, or irritation in drawing the breast. Symptoms commence with rigors, pain, and throbbing in the head, a repugnance to noise and liglit, flushed face, contracted pupils, and bloodshot eyes; the pulse is quick, full, and hard, the skin hot, tongue white, witli constant thirst. The breasts are sometimes hard, full, and distended; at others the secretion is suppressed, and the breasts are empty and flaccid ; in that case the head-symptoms are in- creased, and delirium often succeeds. The TREATMENT consists in reducing the circulation, which in young and full-bodied women must be effected first by bleeding, and secondly, by saline purgatives, a low diet, a darkened room, and per- fect qniet. Take of Epsom salts, 2 ozs. ; powdered nitre, 1 scr. ; tartar emetic, 2 grs. ; mint water, 8 ozs. Mix, and dissolve. Three table-spoons to be taken immediately, and repeated every four hours, till the bowels act, and the heat of the body is reduced. Where the symptoms are urgent, one of the following pills should be taken with each dose of the mixture : Take' of compound colocynth pill, 1 scr.; calomel, 8 grs.; ipecac- uanha, 3 grs. Mix, and make into a mass, which is to be divided into dix pills. If, after a free action of the bowels, the head-symptoms continue severe, the temples are to be cupped, or six leeches applied to each temple, a cold lotion of vinegar and water, or powdered ice, placed on the head, bottles of hot water to the feet, and, if necessary, mustard poultices to the thighs- Concurrent with these remedies, the breasts are to be fomented with flannels dipped in hot water, the milk carefully drawn olf by the nurse, or a breast-pump, or, what is still better, when it can be ob- tained, by a blind puppy, till such time as the child can be applied to the breast with safety. During this period, the patient's room is to be kept cool, and she herself supplied with only farinaceous foods, and warm, diluent drinks, such as barley water, or balm tea. MENSES, OBSTRUCTED.— Be electrified. Tned. Or, take half a pint of strong decoction of pennyroyal every night at going to bed. Or, boil five large heads of hemp in a pint of water to halt. Strain it and diink it at going to bed, two or three nights. It .seldom fails. Tried. — Wesley. MENSTRUATION.— Menstruation is a natural secretion, of a red color, from tlie womb, so named from its occurring once in a month. This periodical discharge appears to be for the purpose of keeping up sanguification, or tlie making of blood in the body, and a determina- tion tliereof to the womb, for tiie purpose of gestation. In conse- quence of its not appearing at a proper period of life, of irregukirity after it has taken place, and of its being excessive, as well as at the period of its cessation, many derangements in the system occur. The interruption of the menstrual secretion may be considered of two kinds : the one when it does not begin to flow at tliat period of life in which it usually appears, which is termed Chlorosis, or Green Sickness; and the other when, after it has repeatedly taken place for Appendix to Medical VeparimenL 299 chambers, and especially drinking much of warm, enervating liquors, such as tea and coffee. Treatment. — Remove immediately all exciting causes of thii disease. The flux must not be stopped, but moderated ; avoid an erect posture, and external heat, as warm chambers, and soft beds; bj using a light, cool, and unexciting diet ; by obviating costiveness, ai before directed ; or use castor oil and lenitive electuary ; the exteiMia) and internal use of astringents, to constringe the vessels of the womb, as the application of cloths sprinkled with vinegar and water over thb region of the womb; and three table-spoons of tlie following mixture every three or four hours: Red rose-leaves, J^oz.; infuse in 1 pt of boiling water, till cold; then strain j add elixir of vitriol, 60 drops, tincture of rhatany, 1 oz. A gentle emetic may be of great service. The diaphoretic powder, also, is of great service in this case. An in- jection of cold water into flie rectum may check an immoderate flow. Obstructed Menstruation. — It is often caused by exposure to cold during the menstrual discharge, by wet feet, cold bathing, great men- tal fear and anxiety, etc., just before the periodical time of discharge. The obstruction injures the health, if it continues two or three periods. Give the composition powder, or the diaphoretic powder, when the patient is in bed, and place bricks covered with vinegar and water cloths to the feet and sides, or give the vapor bath. Take also Peru- yian bark infused in port wine- In short, us»» th« same means as pre- ■oribed under "Chlorosis.'^ Take also the fwaaie pill. Appendix to Medical Department. 301 PREGNANCY. — By this term is understood tlie development of t^ '^nd of each tube being rather deeply notched or scalloped, and oaJle^ by Appendix to Medical Department. 303 anatomists Va^ fiiribriaied extiemity. By means of the elastic bands of the broad and other ligaments, the wonab i.s allowed to float with per- fect freedom in the abdomen, its lower end or apex being attached to the vagina by what is called the neck or cerwx of the womb, so that the actual mouth of the organ, the os uteri, or, as it is sometimes denomi- nated, the OS tincce, projects into the vagina. The womb is a partly membranous and partly muscular bag, hav- ing an opening on either side at its upper portion, leading into thei falli)pian tubes, and another at the apex or mouth, where it terminates in the vagina. The womb is supplied with glands, blood-vessels, and lymphatics, and a perfect net-work or plexus of nerves; indeed, in respect of nerves, the uterus is more abundantly supplied than any other organ of the body. In the unimpregnated state, and at the age of puberty, it only weighs about three or four ounces, while during the last month of pregnancy its weight is between three and four pounds; the vessels, also, which in the former condition are extremely small, be- come, when impregnated, large and distended, like main trunks. Di- rectly conception takes place, the womb begins to enlarge, the placenta Is formed, the embryo falls from one or other of the fallopian tubes, and becomes attached by what is afterwards called the funis, or navel- .tring, to the center of the placenta, the organ increasing in size and >reight till within a few days of the labor; as soon as that process >tccurs, it immediately contracts, and in a few days recovers its natural Kze. The womb performs three distinct functions, those of menstrua- lion, conception, and parturition, or the expulsion of the foetus or child. About the fourth month of pregnancy the womb rises out of the pelvis into the abdomen, where it attains its fullest dimensions, and remains till within a day or two of labor, when the abdominal tumor, iiS the gravid uterus is called, subsides again into the pelvis. Womb— Diseases of the. — The womb, like the other organs of the body, is liable botli to acute and chronic inflammations, to several functional derangements, to accidents of displacement and injury, and ■iilso to tumors, ulceration, and cancerous a9"ections. luflammatiou of the Womb, or Metritis. — The causes of this Berious disease are either coid applied to the part, the irritation conse- quent on the use of over-stimulating injections, the long-continued suppression of. the natural oischarge, or arises from blows, falls, and difficult and instrumental labors. The symptoms are nearly those of all inflammations of the abdom- inal organs — pain, increased by pressure ; fever, nausea, vomiting, and great tension; while the more distinctive symptoms are excessive tenderness at the neck of the womb, extending to the loins and thighs, and a great prostration of strength. The treatment should begin with a warm bath, hot fomentations, or the hip bath; bleeding, both from the arm and by leeches or cup- pi'ig-glasses from the abdomen. The French practice of applying from twelve to eighteen leeches to the pudenda, periuaeum, and internal l>art3of the vagina, lias of late years obtained great favor in this country among medical men, and when they can induce their patients to submit to their employment; there can be no question to the sound principle of the practice. Besides these dej)leting means, a blister, or counter-irritant by means of a mustard poultice, must be applied over the lower part of the abdomen, saline purgatives given, and the fol- lowing powders e!ni)loyed, relieving the heat and the difficulty of making water by linseed tea, or any thin diluent, as a general beverage: Take of powdered nitre, 2 sors. ; c*l healtli and happiness of women, cases occur where females pass through a long life in perfect health, and actually bring up largfc families, who have never menstruated, or experienced any inconven ience from the absence of the secretion. Su'.-h cases, however, are th»- exceptions to tlie rule, that the health, physical and mental, depend" on the due performance by the womb of its first natural function. The symptoms are laguor, debility, los^ of ap'iietite, and genera* functional derangement; loss of spirits; indifference to all exercise 01 exertion; hot flushes and cold chills frequently distress the patient, the eyes look dull and heavy, and have a dark circle round their orbits the flesh feels soft and flabby, and the countenance assumes a green O' yellowish tint; hence the name, given to this form of the .disease, Oi*- green sickness. In addition to these symptoms, there is usually thirijt pain in the head, and cold extremities, and often swollen feet and legs The treatment in the pletliovic form consists in bleeding, both frorr the arm and the part; 6 ounces of blood being taken from the system witli six or nine leeches round the external parts; using the warm bath, and purgatives of aloetic and colocynth pills, and afterward? giving tlie following emnienagogue mixture, while keeping the feel warm, using friction night and morning over the loins and abdomen, and by tiie daily employment of tlie hip bath. Emmenagogue Mixture. — Take of infusion of pennyroyal, 7 ozs. ; sweet spirits of nitre, 3 drs. ; spirits of juniper, % ^'^' '1 tincture of cantiiarides, 1 dr. Mix; tliree table-spoons to be taken twice a day, or two table-spoons three times in twenty-four hours. When the sup- pression arises from ancemia, tiie treatment consists in the warm hip bath; tiie employment of steel and otiier tonics; electricity, wlien it can be obtained, or the wearing of an electric cluiin ; friction night and morning along tlie lower i)ait of the spine; and acting on the bowels by aloetic pills JSmne medical men apply a few leeclies both to the viilva and round tlie nijiples on the breast, as stinudants to the uterus; these means should be lollowed by the abo"^ mint-.M-e, and by such remedies as are prescribed under " Chlorosis,-' wlucl* .'s*»e. This disease is often accompanied by what are called vicarioue dw^in^tsw «»f l^iood Appendix io Medical Department. 305 tvom the lungs, nose, bowels, or stomach, — eflforts of nature to unload Che system of the diseased accumulation. Paiuful Menstrnacion. — (Dysmenorrhea.) — The symptoms of this affection are pains iu the loins, spreading down the groins and thighs, and over the abdomen, with darting colicy pains, and sometimes vom- iting and diarrhea, and burning heat in voiding the contents of the bladder, particularly severe about the urethra; the nervous system is often more or less affected, and there is often hysteria ; these symptoms]! goon increasing till the usual period for the discharge arrives, when- they subside or gradually pass off as the catamenia makes its appear- ance, which is sometimes abundant, at others scanty, and attended with a tenacious secretion from the coats of the uterus. The treatment consists in relieving the urgent symptoms, and pre- venting their i-ecurrence. The first object will be achieved by the frequent use of the warm hip bath, a few leeches applied externally by fomentations to the part, and by the following mixture : Take of powdered nitre, 1 scr. ; camphor water, G ozs. ; laudanum, 1^ drs. Mix; two table-spoons to be taken every six hours. The second object will be effected by attention to the state of the patient's bowels, and by giving steel wine, carbonate of iron, or a course of chalybeate waters during the intervening periods of the discharge. Immoderate Meiistrnatiou, or Flow of the Secretion.— fjfenor- rhcea.) — The menstruation is said to be immoderate when it returns every tbu or fourteen days, or more frequently than usual; when it continues longer than its natural time, or is more abundant than it should be or is customary with the female. This disease may arise from a plethoric or debilitated state of the system. The symptoms, when it proceeds from a fullness of body, are shiv- ering, acute pains in the head and loins, a turgid or flushed counte- nance, with great heat of body and irritation of the skin, the pulse being hard and bounding. When debility is the exciting cause the body is cold and pale, the flesh feeling relaxed and soft, the breathing short and difficult, the least exertion producing exhaustion; the face is pallid and anxious, and the pulse small and feeble. It is only in the latter form that menorrhoea is ever dangerous or fatal. The treatment in the plethoric form consists in reducing the febrile symptoms by general bleeding, by saline purgatives, acidulated diluent cJrinks, and the means proper to an inflammatory state of the system; by the avoidance of all exertion, keeping the patient in the horizontal posture, and by the use of the following mixture and powders: Purgative Mixture. — Take of infusion of rose leaves, 6 ozs.; Epsom salts, 1 oz. ; diluted sulphuric acid, 30 drops. Mix; the fourth part to be taken every night and morning. Astringent Powders. — Take of sugar of lead, 30 grs. ; powder- ed kino, 20 grs. Mix, and divide into six powders, one to be taken every four hours; or seven drops of the muriated tincture of iron in a little water may be substituted every four hours for the powders. When debility is present, in addition to the astringent powders just prescribed, or the tincture of iron, the patient must take tonics, or such a mixture as the following: Tonic Mixture. — Take of cascarilla, 2 drs. ; canella bark, 2 drs. ; boiling water, 6 ozs.; infuse for four hours, and add: quinine, 20 grs.; diluted sulphuric acid, 30 drops. Mix; one table-spoon to be taken every three hours. In both cases cold applications should be applied to the lower part of the abdomen, bottles of hot water to the feet, and decoction of oak 3o6 Appendix to Medical Department. bark, or an astringent lotion of sugar of lead, used as an injection bf the vagina t-wice a day. Sudden Suppression. — This is more frequently the consequence of cold applied in some form to the feet or body, or it may arise from great mental excitement. From whatever cause, the result is very hurtful to the system, and may lead to serious consequences. To re- store the discharge as quickly as possible, a hot hip bath, warm fomen- tations, and bottles of hot water to the feet are among the first means to be adopted. A dessert-spoon of white mustard seed is a favorite remedy with many females, and often a most effectual one ; a more cetDaia means, however, is half a cup of pennyroyal tea, with a tea- spoon of spirits of nitre, twice a day. Cessation of the Menstrual Discharge. — The period when this natural secretion decermines is the most important and critical in the life of a woman. The number of females who suffer any constitu- tional disturbance when the catamenia commences is few indeed com- pared with those who exijerience inconvenience and suffering at its- cessation ; as the coming on of tliis secretion is an evidence of tht healthy state of the womb to perform the great function of reproduc> tive life, so its decline shows that it has ceased to be capable of per- forming that important duty. Though the cAangre o/ii/«, as this period is called.comes on early in some women — even at thirty-five— the average period in this country is between forty-four and fifty. Great irregu- larity takes place in the periodic discharge for some time before the final cessation occurs, the female usually experiencing sudden flusheg of lieat, irritability of the skin, a sense of fulness in the head, with headache and other evidences of constitutional disturbance ; this is the time when, if there are any functional or organic diseases existing, they are likely to be increased or rendered incurable ; and when women of robust healtli are attacked with bad legs, and become debilitated, while others, again, rally from constitutional weakness, and enjoy better health for the remainder of their lives. The time is particularly critical to those females who have any swellings or tumors on the breast, or any disease of the uterus or of its appendages, as cancerous degenerations are particularly liable to follow or accompany this change of life. With the majority of women, however, the cessation of the catamenia is a period of benefit, — the body tills out, the mind becomes more tranquil, and the spirits, with the bodily strength, rise in due proportion. Some persons consider a long course of medicines to be imperatively called for at this period, but such is by no means generally necessary. Attention to the state of the bowels by occasional doses of rhubarb and colocynth pills, or such as the following, witn a warm bath; care in keeping the skin in a soft and healthy state, and guarding the feet from cold and wet, are all the remedies or precau- tions, as a general rule, that are called for. Aperient Pills for Females. — Take of compound extract of colocynth, 1 dr. ; powdered aloes, 24 grs ; powdered rhubarb, 18 grs. ; powdered ginger, 1 scr. ; extract of hyoscyamus, y^ dr. ; oil of caraway, 8 drops. Mix, and divide into thirty pills ; two to be taken at bedtime when required. Flour Albns (Leucorrhoea) or The Whites,— Though this dis- charge from the vagina and uterus is named from its general color be- ing wliite, it is very often of a yellow, brown, or even greenish hue, and varies from a limpid fluid to a tenacious, ropy discliarg'3 that may be a mere exudation, or amount to several ounces in every twenty-four hours. The general health usually suffers when this discharge '^Qf Appendix to Medical Department 307 place, giving rise to headache, loss of appetite, languor, and debility, with weary pains in the back and down the thighs; the bowels are raore or less deranged, and there is often palpitation and hysterical fits. From the age of fifteen all females are liable to this exhausting com- f)laint; and some, indeed, are to a certain extent never completely free rom it. The treatment consists in a strict attention to the state of the bowels, a course of tonics, both mineral and vegetable, exercise in tne open air4 and, when the strength will admit of it, cold sea bathing; regular liourJ for meals and exercise, going to bed early, and by change of scene ant' air. Port wine and stout are often of the utmost consequence, but spirits or powerful stimulants are seldom necessary. Concurrent witii tonics, a judicious diet, and the general regimen given, must be a course of local treatment, such as the daily use of the cold fresh or salt water hip-bath, and the alternate weekly employment of one or other »< the following articles or prescriptions as injections for the vagina: No. 1. Decoction of oak bark. 2. Decoction of red Peruvian bark. 3. Decoction of logwood. 4. Decoction of pomegranate bark. 5. One pint of cold water, in which three drachms of alum have been dissolved. 6. One drachm of white vitriol dissolved in a pint of water 7. An infusion of gall-nuts, made by infusing for six hours three drachms of bruised galls in a pint of boiling water, and adding to the liquor, when cold and strained, one drachm of powdei'ed alum. 8. A pint of cold water, mixed with one ounce and a half of tincture of catechu. Injections of this nature should seldom be used more than twice a clay, three large syringefuls being thrown up at every time. The strength of each preparation can be increased whenever necessary. Sometimes leucorrhoea continues so long that it assumes some of the characters of a gleet ; in such cases, when neither tonics to the system, aor astringents to the part will aftbrd permanent relief, it is necessaiy to give cubebs or copaiba, the former in half-drachm doses of the pow- der three times a day, and a small teaspoon of the latter in mucilage twice a day, with a wine glass of the infusion of uva ursi every six hours. Some medical men prefer a piece of the finest and softest sponge, well soaked in the lotion, as an application in preference to the syringe, as a more certain method of effecting the object sought by the injection. The womb is sometimes subject to very serious displacements; of these the most noticeable are : Inversion of the Uterus. — A condition in which the organ is in a measure turned inside out; there are two forms of tiiis accident, — the imperfect, and complete. In the former, the upper portion or fmidus of the womb falls down into the cavity as far as the neck of tiie uterus; in the later, the inversion is carried still farther, passes the mouth of the womb and the vagina, and descends, in some cases, even to the thio^hs, thus forming a complete case of procidenUa uteri Inversion seldom occurs except at or after labor, and though it may follow the placenta in women of very relaxed ajid delicate constitutions, it is very frequently induced by rough, unskilful management during confine- ment. fh? treatiiuT^ is to- restore tne or^an, by gentle and judicious 308 Appendix to Medical Department, manipulation, to its natural position; enjoin absolute rest to thepatiem on the back tor some "time, witii the hips slightly raised; and before the female is allowed to stand, employ the use of a pessary. Of the dano:ei- tliat may accrue from this state of the uteruK it is unnecessary to speak, :is only a surgeon can minister to such an accident. Retroversion of the Womb is a bending backwards and down- wards of the top or fundus of the organ, in such a manner as to fix the overlapping part between the sacrum, or rectum, and the vagina, the latter organ being pressed upwards and forwards, while the bladder is lifted up towards the abdomen, or else compressed on the pubic bones. Tliis kind of accident generally occurs about the third month of preg- nancy, and is very difficult to detect; indeed, it caii only be ascertained by an examination. The treatment is in the first instance, to open the bowels — which, in consequence of the i)ressure, are always confined — by a succession of emollient injections, and empty the bladder by the catheter; the patient being then placed on her hnnds and knees, the i^urgeon endeavors to push the organ back into its position. Polypi of tlie Womb.— The peculiar pyramidal shaped tumors of this character attecting tlie womb vary in size from that of a little finger to a child's head, and are found at the fundus, or top, on the inner side of the neck, or at the lower edge of the mouth of the uterus. When small, they neither create pain nor interfere generally with th*- natural function of the organ, though when they are large, or bleed, they become a frequent cause of miscarriage. Unmarried females ar<, equally subject to thie complaint with matrons; and, unfortunately, these morbid growths are by no means rare, and as they are not onl;f the cause of frequent hemorrhage, but often protrude into the vagina they became a source of constant suffering and irritation ; their re moval, therefore, when possible, should always be effected. Treatment. — This, and cancer of the womb, are the only diss eases that demand the use of the speculum, as without the dilatation and light that instrument affords, the surgeon would be unable to applj the ligatures round the polypi, use the knife for their excision, or em ploy the caustic, the only radical means of extirpating such morbid growths. Dropsy of the Womb. — This is a very rare disease, and very oftek confounded with a much more frequent aflfection, that of — Dropsy of the Ovaries. — Oina/rian dropsy may occur on either sidn of the body, and is most frequently met with in unmarried females. It is seldom that more than o«e ovary is affected, the ceat or membrane of the one that takes on the diseased action gradually enlarging, and which being a long time free from pain, is unnoticed or disregarded. The fimbriated extremities of the fallepian tubes contaiiaing the ovaria being deeply seated in either groin, it is in that direction that the first evidence of the disease shows itself ; but the swelling or pufflness, giv- ing no pain, is unnoticed, till the tumor enters the abdomen, when, pressing on the bladder, or s®me other organ, it begins to cause incon- venience, which increases with the distension. As the tumor mounts still higher, and has more room, the enlargement rapidly increases, when to the physical pain is added the mental sniftering consequent on the protuberance giving the unfortunate patient the appearance of be ing in the family way. Constipation, irritation of the bladder, loss of appetite, a sense of dragging or bearing down, soon after follows, with many of the sj'mptonis of pregnancy; and it is only when months, and often years, have passed by that even iatknafce f nends will be4i«v* *k«* Appiudix to Medical Department. 309 Jlstrase, and not immorality, has Caused the altered appearance of the patient. This disease is apt to be mistaken for dropsy of the belly, and for pregnancy. From the latter it can be distinguished by the tumor al- ways commencing, and for a long time remaining, in the side, by the absence of the morning sickness, the unchanged state of the breasts, and by the lengtli of time. From dropsy of the belly it is chiefly dis- tinguished by the absence of the emaciation and careworn countenance! peculiar to ascites. Treatment. — Unfortunately for the credit of science, no means have yet been discovered to benefit this disease; the only palliation yet found has been to leave th,e tumor alone as long as possible, and then draw olTthe water by atrochar and cauulla; fill the sac with wine and water, or a solution of iodine, and treat it like hydrocele; almost every operation undertaken to remove this encysted tumor, though performed with humanity and skill by Lizars, Liston, Smye, and the tirst surgeons In Europe, has proved unfortunate or fatal. WHITES, OR LEUCORRflCEA, (Fluor Albus).— This disease is v)eculiar to females. It is indicated by a morbid secretion of mucus /Tom tire passage leading to the womb, termed vagina. It varies, in vppearance, consistence, and quantity, in ditt'erent persons. Women >f delicate constitution, debilitated by hard labors, miscarriages, grief, l>oor living, and of an erysipelatous habit, genei-ally termed scorbutic, 'ire most subject to it, and in them it p/oves very obstinate. It is the eft'ect both of relaxation and inflammatory excitement. Tkeatment. — When it arises from relaxation, the tonic pills will ^nerally succeed in afl"ecting a cure. Cold bathing or the local appli- I'ation of cold water, is a good remedy for this disease, and should be vised every morning, provided the patient be free from cough or diffi- vjulty of breathing, and not subject to a determination of blood to tlie brain. If the discharge continue after the employment of these means, an (ritringent lotion may be used; as the following: Take of pomegran- kte-rind, bruised, 3 drs. ; boil in a quart of water to a pint and a half; Vhen strain, and add alum, \% drs. To be injected by means of a lemale syringe. G ive an emetic and a vapor bath occasionally. If the stools a re of R pale clay or very dark coloi', or the patient be subject to erysipelas, or eruption of the skin, take a little rhubarb and magnesia every other uight for about ten days. When fluor albus occurs in a person of a robust and sanguine habit, it may be considered of an inflammatory nature; in which case, instead of tonic medicines above recommended, the patient should take ftveO' other morning, 2 drs. of Epsom salts, and 10 grs. of nitre pow- der, with 15 of gum-arabic powder, in a glass of barley-water three times a day; which, with a low diet, (free from all kinds of stimu- lant?,) will succeed in curing it. To these remedies, the application of cold water, will be a powerful auxiliary. When the discharge is of an ic/iorous nature, and of a daj-k or yeUo^mah color, and attended with pain in the region of the womb, or with irritation, burning heat, diflSculty or heat of urine, troublesome itcliing, a sense of bearing down, and a frequent inclination to evac- uate; pains on the approach, or during the time of menstruation; and particularly if pieces of coagulated blood (generally termed clots) lire discharged; taining to Mothers; at present we have to do with childhood. All children, from Wieir extremely delicate organization, are mon suscejjtible of changes of heat and cold than adults, and at the saiir time are much sooner influenced by medicine, and more easily depress ed, than the fully matured; but on the other hand, they rally niucl quicker from all depressing influences. On account of these facts children should always be well and amply clothed ; not according to tlif vanity or caprice of their parents (who, from the idea that plenty of air admitted to the emaciated limbs of their children is conducive to their growth, dress them like young Highlanders in the depth of winter), but according to the severity or mildness of the season, in befitting apparel. Again, all strong or drastic drugs should be witii- held from children, — such as elaterium, Croton oil, Epsom salts, garii- boge, and, in fact, all violent purgative medicines. Another fact, connected with this subject is, that nearly all the affections of childhood take their origin from, or are dependent on, some mischief in tiie stomach or bowels; this truth must be familiar to all mothers, who cannot fail to have noticed the almost magical improvement which will take place in a young child from the operation of a simple aperit-nt powder, when, an hour before, tlie sj^mptoms threatened most serious consequences. The information obtained from this fact is, that though violent purgatives are injurious to childhood, mild aperient O^edioin^s are hardly «T«r out of place with young patient^ and "ill Appendix to Medical Department. %l\ often ward oflT, if not cure — when given in time — a serious disease, fjqually Inadmiasable in childliood are stimulants; the natural viviicity of children rendering wines and spirits — except in rare and peculiar cases — most injurious; air, exercise, and a sufficiency of wholesome food, bein^ the only stimulants ever required by children. We have already said that every stage of juvenile life is more or less subject to its own class of ailments; thus, in early infancy we find the red gum, thrush, and diarrhea; from the sixth to the eighteenth month the many affections springing from teething show themselves, infantile remittent fever, and inllammation of the lungs. From two to seven years, tlie more particularly infantile diseases are developed, as glass pox, scarlet fever, measles, croup, whooping cough, mumps, worms, and that train of evils attending the presence of those parasites; mesenteric disease, and water on the head, with other minor maladies. For the history and treatment of each disease mentioned, consult the article under its proper name. Children. — Happy indeed is the child who, during the first period of its existence, is fed upon no other aliment than the milk of its mother, or that of a healthy nurse. If other food becomes necessary before the child has acquired teeth, it ought to be of a liquid form; for instance, biscuits or stale bread boiled in an equal mixture of milk and water, to the consistence of a thick soup; but by no means even this in the first week of its life. Flour or meal ought never to be used for soup, as it produces viscid humors, instead of a wholeseme nutritious chyle. After the first six months, weak veal or chicken broth may be given and also, progressively, vegetables that are not very fiatulent; for instance, carrots, endives, spinach, parsnips, with broth, and boiled fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, and cherries. When the infant is weaned, and has acquired its proper teeth, it is advisable to let it have small portions of meat, and other vegetables, as well as dishes prepared of fiour, etc., so that it may gradually become accustomed to every kind of strong and wholesome food. We ought, however, to be cautions, and not upon any account to allow a child pastry, confectionery, cheese, heavy dishes made of boiled or baked flours, onions, horseradish, mustard, smoked and sail- ed meat, especially pork, and all compound dishes; for the most simple food is the most wholesome. Potatoes should be allowed only in moderation, and not to bi' eaten with butter, but rather with other vegetables, either mashed up or in broth. The time of taking food is not a matter of indifference; very young infants make an exception; for, as their consumption of vital power is more rapid, they may be more frequently indulged with aliment. It is, however, advisable to accHstom even them to a certain regu- larity, so as to allow them their victuals at stated periods of the day; for it has been observed that those children which are fed indiscrimi- nately througli the whole day, are subject to debility and disease. The stomach should be allowed to recover its tone, and collect the juices necessary for digestion, before it is supplied with a new jtortion of food. The following order of giving food to children has been fou.d proper, and conducive to their health: After ri!?ing in the morning, suppose about six o'clock, a moderate portion of lukewarm milk, witli well baked bread, which should by no means be new ; at nine, o'clock, bread with some fruit, or, if fruit be scarce, a small quantity of fresh butter; about twelve o'clock, the dinner, of a sufficient quantity; 312 Appetidix to Medical Departmerom. between four or five o'clock, some bread with fruit, or, in winter th* jam of plums, as a substitute for fruit. On this occasion, children should be allowed to eat till they are satisfied, without surfeiting themselves, that they may not crave for a heavy suijper, w^hich disturbs their rest, and is productive of bad humors; lastly, about seven o'clock, they may be permitted a light supper, consisting either of milk, soup, fruit, or boiled vegetables and the like, but neither meat nor mealy dishes, or any article of food whicli produces flatulency; ia short, they ought then to eat but little, and remain awake at least for an hour after it. It has often been contended that bread is hurtful to children ; but this applies only to new bread, or such as is not sufficiently baked ; for instance nothing can be more hurtful or oppressive than rolls, muffins and crumpets. Good vrheaten bread, especially that baked by the aerated process, is extremely proper during the first years of infancy; but that made of rye, or a mixture of wheat and rye, would be more conducive to health after the age of childhood. Witli respect to drink, physicians are decidedly against giving it to children in large quantities, and at irregular periods, whether it con- sists of the mother's milk, or any other equally mild liquid. It is improper and pernicious to keep infants continually at the breast; and it would be less hurtful, nay, even judicious, to let them cry for a few nights, rather than to fill them incessantly witli milk, which readily turns sour on the stomach, weakens the digestive organs, and idtraately generates scrofulous affections. In the latter part of the first year, pure water may occasionall}' be given ; and if this cannot be procured, a light and well-fermented table beer might be substituted. Those parents who accustom theii children to drink water only, bestow on them a fortune, the value and importance of which will be sensibly felt through life. Many children acquire a habit of drinking during their meals; it would be more conducive to digestion if they were accustomed to drink only after having made a meal. This salutary rule is too often ne- glected, though it be certain that inundations of the stomach, during the mastication and maceration of tlie food, not only vitiate digestion, but they may be attended with other bad consequences; as cold drink, when brought in contact with the teeth previously heated, may easily occasion cracks or chinks in these useful bones, and pave the way for their carious dissolution. If we inquire into the cause which produces the crying of infants, we shall find that it seldom originates from pain, or uncomfortable sensations; for those wlio are apt to imagine that such causes must always operate on the body of an infant, are egregiously mistaken; inasmuch as they conceive that the physical condition, together witla the method of expressing sensations, is the same in infants and adults. It requires, however, no demonstration to prove that the state of the former is essentially different from that of the latter. In the first year of infancy, many expressions of the tender organs are to be considered only as efforts or manifestations of power. We observe, for instance, tliat a child, as soon it is undressed, or disencumbered from swaddling clothes, moves its arms and legs, and often makes a variety of strong exertions; yet no reasonable person would suppose that such attempts arise from a pi-eternatural or oppressive state of the little agent. It is therefore equally absurd to draw an unfa''<''HM will make a uourishiiig meal. To Prepare Fruit for Children. — A far more wholesome way thai? in pies or puddings, is to put apples sliced, or plums, currants, goose- berries, etc., into a stone jar, and sprinkle among them as much sugar a-: necessary. Set tlie jar in an oven on a hearth, with a teacupful of water to prevent the fruit from burning; or put the jar into a sauce- pan of wa'er till its contents be perfectly done. Slices of bread or some rice may be put into the jar, to eat with the fruit. Rice and Apples. — Coie as many nice apples as will All the dish; boil them in light syrup; prepare a quarter of a pound of rice in milk with sugar and salt; put some of the rice in the disli, put in the apples and fill up the intervals with rice; bake it in the oven till it is a fine color. A Nice Apple Cake for Children.— Grate some stale bread, and slice about double the quantity of apples; butter the mould, and line it with sugar paste, and strew in some crumbs, mixed witii a little sugar; then lay in apples, with a few bits of butter over tliem, and so continue till the disli is full; cover it with crumbs, or prepared rice ; season with cinnamon and sugar. Bake it well. Fruits for Children.— Tiiat fruits are naturally healthy in their season, if rightly taken, no one who believes that the Creator is a kind and beneficient Being can doubt. And yet the use of summer fruita appears often to cause most fatal diseases, especially in children. Why is this? Because we do not conforni to the natural laws in using this kind of diet. These laws are very simple, and easy to understand. Let the fruit be ripe when you eat it; and eat when you require food. F.ruits that have seeds are much more wholesome than tlie stone fruits. But all fruits are better, for very young children, if baked or cooked in some manner, and eaten with bread. The French always eat bread with raw fruit. Apples and winter pears are very excellent food for children,— indeed, for almost any person in health. — but best when eaten for breakfast or dinner. If taken late in the evening, fruit often proves injurious Tlie old saying, that apples are gold in the morning, silver at noon, and lead at night, is pretty near tlie truth. Both apples and pears are often g(iod and nutritious when baked or stewed, for those delicate constitutions that cannot bear raw fruit. Much of the fruit gatiiered when unripe might be rendered fit for food by ]jreserving in sugar. Ripe Currants are excellent food for children. Mash tlie fruit, sprinkle with sugar, and with good bread let thcni eat of this fruit freely. Blackberry Jam.— Gather the fruit in dry weather; allow half a pound of good brown sugar to every pound of fruit; boil the whole togetlier gently for an hour, or till the blackberries are soft, stirring and mashing them w>'ll. Preserve it like any other jam, audit will be found very useful in families, particularly for ciiildren, regulating their bowels, and enabling you to dispen.se with catliartics. It may bo spread on bread, oron piukiings; instead of butter; and even when the blackberries are bouglit, it is clieaper than butter. In the country every family should preserve at least half a peck of blackberries. To Make Se:ma an 1 Manna Palatable. -Take h ilf an ounce, when mixed, senna and in.uina; put ia half a pint of boiling water; when the strength is abstracted, pour into the liquid from a quarter to a half pound of prunes and two large t.iblespoonfuls of West India moiasses Appendix to Medical Deparfmtnt.. 317 Btew until ihe liquid is nearly absoi'bed. When cold it can be eaten with bread and butter, without detecting the senna, and is excellent for children whon costive. DISCIPLINE OF CHILDREN.— Children should not be allowed to ask for tlie same thing twice. Tliis may be accomplished by parents, teacher, or whoever may happen to have the management of them, paying attention to their little wants, if proper, at once, when possible. Children should be instructed to understand that when they are nob answered immediately, it is because it is not convenient. Let thenj learn patience by waiting. Biting the Nails. — This is a habit that shiould be immediately corrected in children, as, if persisted in for any length of time, it permanently deforms the nails. Dipping tlie finger ends in some bit- .er tincture will generally prevent cliildren from putting them in tlieir mouth ; but if tliis fails, as it sometimes will, each finger end ouglit to be encased in a stall until tlie propensity is eradicated. CROUP. — Tliis is a dangerous disease. It is common to infancy, and rarely occurs to adults. It is an inflammation of the larynx, tra- chea, and contiguous tissues. It derives its name from the peculiar sound of the voice and breathing, being of a whistling or crowing character, owing to a contraction of the glottis. It generally com- mences with a common cold and catarrh, hoarseness, cough, and in- creased difiiculty of breathing, and the crowing already spoken of. It demands prompt treatment. The great object is to diminish the inflammation and irritation, and to relax the spasmodic state of the muscles in the parts diseased. 7 'he vessels in those parts are overcharged with blood, by an imperfect pction of the exhalents. Place the feet in warm water^ and give an emetic. After batliing, rub the legs and feet well with flannel Then give a vapor bath. If the patient can bear it. (See "Emetic Powder " "Expectorant Tincture.") Repeat the process, if needful. The per- spiration will be greater by applying to the feet and each side hOb bricks, and wrapped in flannel saturated with vinegar and a little water. At the same time give an aperient to produce a free action on the bowels. Applj"^ this tincture to the throat, viz. : Half a tea-spoon of cayenne pepper; nearly a cup of vinegar ; simmer ten minutes, and strain. This tincture may be diluted with warm water, according to the strength of the patient. Rub it well on the throat for five or ten minutes ; and next satui-ate a flannel with it, and apply it to the throat. This application tends to relieve the internally congested blood-ves- ■els. Repeat the application, as necessary. Mustard plasters may be applied to the feet, the upper part of the chest, and between the shoulders, alternately. It has been recom- mended to steep hops in hot vinegar, and the patient to inhale the vapor. Even a large sponge dipped in as hot water as the hand can bear, squeezed half dry, and renewed before it is cool, is of great ad- vantage. Keep the atmosphere of the room at a regular temperature. Aid the perspiration by warm drinks, as balm tea, etc. To prevent a return of this disorder, keep the child warm, avoid wet feet, cold, damp, easterly winds, etc. Children whose constitu- tions dispose them to croup, ought to have their diet properly regu- lated, and be kept from all crude, raw, and trashy fruits. CHICKEN-POX. — This is a mild, eruptive 'disease, and seldom occurs more than once in a person's lifetime. The eruption is attended with but little indisposition. There is a slight chilliness, weariness, cough, fever, bad appetit*. *tc., a day or two before the eruption ap- 3i8 AppendiK to Medical Department. pears, which resembles the small-pox. Treatment is simply plenty of cooling drinks acidulated, some cooling and aperient medicine, to keep the bowels gently open. Let the patient also be kept warm, till the pox die away. WHOOPING-COUGH.— Dissolve a scruple of salt of tax-tar in a quarter pint of water; add to it 10 grs. of cochineal; sweeten it with sugar. Give to an infant a fourth part of a table-spoon four times a day; two years old, half a spoon; four years, a table-spoon. Great care is required in the administration of medicines to infants. We can assure paternal inquirers that the foregoing may be depended upon. Whooping- Cough. — Use the cold bath daily. Or, rub the feet thoroughly with hog's lard, before the fire, at going to bed, and keep the child warm therein. Or, rub the back at lying down with old rum. It seldom fails. Or, give a spoon of tlie juice of pennyroyal, mixed with brown sugar-candy, twice a day. — Wesley. Whooping- Cough. — Dissolve 1 scr. of salt of tartar in i^ pt. of water; a(M 8 drops of laudanum; sweeten it with sugar. Give to an infant 1 tea-spoon four times a day ; two years old, 2 tea-spoons ; for four years, 1 table-spoon. Or, take flower of Benjamin, and strained opium, of each, 3 drs ; camphor, 2 scrs.; essential oil of anise-seeds, J^ dr. ; rectified spirit of wine, 1 qt. ; powdered licorice, 4 ozs. ; and honey, 4 ozs. Digest and strain. Or, take of musk julep, 6 ozs.; paregoric elixii-, ^oz.; volatile tincture of valerian, 1 dr. Mix, and take 2 spoons three or four times every day. Or, take ipecacuanha, 14 grs.; warm water, 3^ pt. Infuse. Take a tea-spoon now and then. Whooping- Cough, Embrocation for. — Olive oil, 8 ozs. ; oil of am- ber, 4ozs. ; oil of cloves, sufficient to scent it strongly; croton oil, 3 drops; mix; rub on the chest. Or, oil of amber, and spirits of harts- horn, equal parts. Mix. Apply to the soles of the feet, and to the palms of the hands, morning, noon, and night. Roche's Embrocation for Whooping-Cough.— Olive oil, 2 ozs. ; oil of amber, 1 oz.; oil of cloves, 1 dr. Mix. To be rubbed on the chest at bed-time. MUMPS. — This disease, almost exclusively confined to children, consists of an enlargement of the lymphatic and salivary glands of the neck, constituting what among medical men is know as cynanche parotideoe. The swelling generally takes place near the angle of the lower jaw, and where it is articulated with the upper j;iw, and some- times causes such an enlargement that the distended gland hangs down like a bag; in general, however, the glands are only paitially dis- tended, though by their jiressure on the tonsils they cause both difti- culty of swallowing and partial deafness. Mumps in generally attended with a degree of inflamniatorj' fever, and when severe, is accompanied with shortness of breathing, hot skin, and other febrile symptoms. Sometimes tlie swelling suddenly disappears, as in gout, and makes its appearance upon some other part of the body; this is regarded among medical men as an unfavorable symptom. The TREATMENT of munips, iu the simple aud most general form, eonsists in fomenting the neck with a hot bran poultice, rubbing into the swollen glands hartshorn and oil, or camphorated oil, twice a day for five minutes at a time, and applying the hot poultice directl)' after using either of the above liniments. As mumps almost always arises from irregularity in the child's system, or from coUl, it is always nec- essary to give some aperient medicine. For f'.liild'-en under six y«ars of age, a few spoons of infusion of senua and manna wUl generally jippendix to Medical Department. 319 be sufficient for the purpose, especially if the dose is repeated for two or three times. When the child's age exceeds six years, it will be nec- essary to give something more constitutionally effective, such as one, two, or if necessary three of the following powders : Take of powdered jalap, scammony, of each, 24 grs. ; cream-of- tartar, 1 dr. ; mix thoroughljs and add grey powder, antimonial pow- der, of each, 12 grs. Mix, and divide into 6 powders; one to be given every morning, or every second morning, according to their effect on the bowels. Mumps. — This is a disease of the salivary glands, which are situ- ated on each side of the lower jaw. It generally comes on with cold shiverings, sickness, and vomiting, pain in the head, succeeded by swelling of one or both sides of the neck, and sometimes becomes very painful, and so large as to impede the breathing, and the swal- lowing. It generally increases till the fourth day, and then dechnes. In this complaint, little medicine is required. Give an aperient. Bathe the feet frequently in warm water. At night give the diaph- oretic powder or decoction. Bathe the swelling with warm water and tincture of myrrh, and thirty drops of laudanum; or apply flannels (lipped in the mixture. Cover the swelling with flannel. In extreme liases, give the vapor bath and the composition powder. Should the viwelling break, apply a slippery elm poultice, made with milk and ly^ater; then apply the black salve for healing, or the green ointment. MEASLES, au Eruptive Disease. — It is indicated by chilliness, shivering, pain in the head, fever, sneezing, discharges from the nose, sickness, and sometimes vomiting, hoarseness, cough, heaviness of the eyes; the eyelids frequently swell so as to cause blindness, the pa- tient complains of his throat, and a looseness often precedes the erup- tion. The third or fourth day an eruption, like flea-bites, appears in the face, neck, and breast, and soon after in the body and limbs; the eruption does not suppurate. . But the spots soon run into one another and form red streaks, giving to the skin an inflammatory appearance, and produce a perceptible swelling on the face. The eruption may be distinguished from the small-pox by their scarcely rising above the skin. The fever, cough, and difficulty of breathing, instead of being removed by the eruption, as in the small-pox, are rather increased ; but the vomiting generally ceases. About the sixth or seventh day, and sometimes earlier, the erup- tioii begins to fade, and gradually disappears, accompanied with a separation of the skin in the form of scales. But the other symptoms sometimes remain for a considerable time, and require care, warmth, and appropriate medicine. In the malignant measles, the eruption appears more early, and all the symptoms, just described, in an aggravated form. The mouth and throat assume appearances. The mouth and throat appear as if they were ulcerated, and the fever is of a typhus kind, and symptoms of putrescency appear; also petichiae, or purple, livid spots, a pain in the head and eyes, difficult respiration, no expectoration with the cough, an inflammatory affection of the lungs, feeble but rapid pulse, delirium, and oft a violent looseness; these are very unfavorable symptoms. Such as die of the measles, generally expire about the ninth or tenth day from the first attack. The most favorable sj'mp- toms are a moderate looseness, a moist skin, and a plentiful discharge of urine. This disease is very infectious; often prevails epidemically, how- •ver; and the constitution that has been once under its influence is jao Appendix to Medical Department. seldom or never liable to a second attack, especially if th* ^3t attack was a mild one. Tkeatment. — At the commencement of the rJisoasif, no animal food must be taken, the patient must be confined to a iow, spare diet, as gruel, sago, etc., and for common drink, barley-water, acidulated with lemon- juice. The bedroom should be kept moderately cool, regulating tiu^ temperature thereof by the feelino-s, guarding against any sudden cluuige, and especially exposure to cold draughts. When the attack is of a mild character, iittle medicine is wanted. Perhaps the less we interfere with the effort? of nature the better. It would be extreme folly to deplete the system by active treatment. In mild cases, nature, a Utile assisted, generally effects a cure. But when the symptoms are of a sterner character, active means must be used. Place the feet in warm watei', in which dissolve a little carbonate of soda, two or three times a day. Give a mild emetic (as the emetic tincture). Give also the aperient for children. Should the fever be very high, give the following febrifuge mixture : Sub-i^arbonate of potash, 2 drs. ; purified nitre, 30 grs. ; camphor mixture, 6 ozs. ; mix in a strong infusion of saffron. This mixture Is designed to determine the eruption to the surface. Or, the following infusion will be very effective, and it should be given as soon as possible after the emetic : Saffron, 2 parts; Virginia snake-root, 1 part; infuse rapidly, or make a tea; sweeten and give warm, as much as the stomach will bear. If the eruption is slow in appearing, or only partially appears, or recedes, give the sudorific drops, warm milk sweetened, or .strong balm tea with a little saffron infused. A bottle of hot water or a hot brick wrapped in a cloth, saturated with vinegar and water, or a vapor bath made of the decoction of bitter herbs, will be found most efiicienit. When the eruption is prominent, little more medicine is required . A little of the composition powder may be given occusionally. Sponge the body from the first, now and then, with warL.i lye-water and a little carbonate of soda. Wash the eyes with very weak brandy and water; or with slippery elm bark and a solution o'" borax. If the cough is severe, attended with impeded breathing, apply a mustard plaster to the chest, and repeat, if necessary; and give the expectorant syrup or tincture; or inhale the steaui of warm waner, in which 30 or 40 drops of laudanum have been introduced. If the head is affected, continue to bathe the feet in warm water. Should th-rre bt much restlessness and pain, give the diaphoretic powder, or decoction. From the first attack of the measles, keep the b&wels regular. A vol- untary looseness indicates a favorable crisis ^ and, if moderate, it should not be checked. When it is very severe» it should be checked by some mild astringent; as, an infusion of rrspberry leaves; or an infusion of raspberry leaves and a few drops of laudanum. £*hould the system be much debilitated, with a tendency to putrescen^^.y, the strength should be supported witli cordials, beef tea, calf s-fee>^ jelly, and an infusion of Peruvian bark in port wine. Give also an ir. fusion of malt with two table-spoons of yeast to a quart of the former, in order to neutralize the putrescence indicated by purple spots, etc. Patients recovering from the measles should not expose themselves too soon to the cold air. The food ought for some time to be light, and the drink diluting. Cooling lenitive medicines are essentially neces- saiy after this di.sease, to carry oft" the remaining disposition to inflam- matory affection of the lungs. Through every stage of the disease^ the state of the lungs xnust be carefully regarded, for it is from fh«. effect on them that the danger of the measles in most cases depearV A^endix to Medical Department. 321 It is necessary also to give tonic bitters for tlie recovery of the former strength, to breathe a pure air. and if the lungs will bear it, and the weather suitable, to take gentle open air exercise. RICKETS. — A disease almost peculiar to childhood, depending upon tlie want of a due proportion of the mineral salts in the blood, in consequence of whicli impoverished state the bones in a growing child are deprived of their proper amount of earthy ingredients, be- coming consequently soft and pliable, instead of being naturally firm and resistant. Though properly a constitutional disease, rickets is regarded as a local evil, simply because its effects are chiefly seeu in the bones of the legs or arras. We have explained, under the head of "Bone," and elsewhere, that if a bone is immersed for a few days in a mixture of muriatic acid and water, all tlie earthy salts will be extracted from its structure, and a substance like gutta-percha, of the exact shape of the bone, only capable of being bent, doubled up, or extended, like Indian rubber, will remain. Such a condition, more or less supple, according to the amount of earthy matter contained in the cells of the organ, is the state of the bones in rickets, wiiich, being deprived of their resistant properties, become unable to bear the weight and pres- sure of the body, give way, and are easilj"^ bent, twisted, or deformed. The CAUSES of rickets, though generally attributed to bad nui's- ing, bad food, imperfect ventilation, and want of cleanliness, must be looked for in the constitution of the parents or that of the child, showing a want of those earthy particles or mineral salts which, under the head of "Food," we have shown are so necessary to the health and stamina of the body. Defective assimilation of food is the pro- fessional terra given as an explanation of the cause of this disease; the raeaning of which is, that there is a deficiency of phosphate of lirae, either in the food taken or in the system. The SYMPTOMS of rickets are more passive than positive, and show themselves ratlier by their local than by their constitutional characters. The general efl'ects, however, are a softness and flaccidity of tne mus- cles of the body ; a sallow, anxious countenance ; a distended or turaid state of the abdoraen, with turbid state of the urine, and though the appetite is good, the child gradually loses flesh and strength. Tlio teething process is slow and imperfect, and the teeth, when formed, quickly decay, become loose, or fall out; tlie epiphyses, or extremitiea of the long bones, become spongy and swollen, the disease first show- ing itself at the wrists and ankles; and as the mischief advances, the long bones gradually give way, and bend under the weight of the body, and become twisted, and often most grotesquely deformed, hy the action of the muscles, which, straining in contrary directions, produce that malformation which is generally understood by the name of rickets. In ordinary cases the legs only are deformed — bent out or inwards, or twisted in many forms; but in severe cases the bones of the spine also become softened, the vertebrae of the shoidders (dorsal) are displaced, producing a hump, while the breast-bone is thrown for- ward, forming what is called a pigeon-breast. The mental faculties do not generally suffer with the physical debility, but often shine out with unusual precocity and vigor. Treatment. — As the cause of this disease is an absence of the mineral salts, the natural remedy for the case would seem to be to give the system those salts of which it stands in need, namely, the phos- phates of lime and soda. The cure, however, cannot always be effected by these means alone, though given in constantly repeated doses ; the 322 Appendix to Medical Department. restoration to health can only be attained by a steady and gradual pya- tem of dietetics and regimen. The first indispensable requisite ia change of ai'*, and, if possible, to the sea-side; the use of cold salt- N\ atcr baths; a daily friction with tlie handj night and morning, for at least ten minutes each time, along the limb or part most aft'ected ; an abundance of milk, and a full and rich diet — animal and vegetable— with fruit; the patient in this instance being enjoined to eat the rind or skin as well as the f i-uit, and wlien tlie digestion is good, water- cresses, radishes, salad, and any crude vegetable in which the mineral salts are in their natural abundance. Nex*^ in importance to fresh air, cold baths, friction, and abundance of food, rest in the horizontal position is absolutely necessary, the child never being allowed to stand, or bear any weight on its limbs, unless supported by splints and band- ages, precisely the same as for a fracture, the limb, especially if it is the leg, being well rubbed, either with the bare hand or with a little lard or sweet oil. Though the diet and regimen are the chief agents required in the treatment of rickets, some medicine is necessary, and of that we shall now proceed to speak. In the first place, cod-liver oil, on account of the nitrogen or animal izing principle it contains, has been greatly recommended in this disease, and there can be no doubt that in casea of much debility it may be given with very great eftect. The chief dependence, however, must be placed on the stimulating and tonic properties of iron, as prescribed below, with the saline powders fol- lowing : Take of steel wine, 2 ozs.; syrup of paffron, 2 fdrs.; mint water, sufficient to make a four-ounce mixture. Mix, and or a child under two years, give '% ^ tea-spoon every six hours ; for a child between two and six years, 1 tea-spoon three times a day; and for a child between the ages of &ix and ten years, 1 de,^sert-spoon in water every eight hours. Take of phosphate of lime, 2 drs. \ phosphat'^; of soda, 2 drs. Mix, and divide into 12 powders. One to be taken, dissolved in a little water, three times a day, for a child between six and ten j'ears old; to all patients under stx, luilf of each powder, dissolved in water or milk, is to be given two or three times a day. Care must be taken with female childfen affected with rickets, to grevent, if possible, any malformation of the bones of the pelvis or ips, by keeping the child from running about, so as to ward off iany undue weight on the bones of that part, and in all cases anticipating any malformation as far as possible by rubbing the limb, and applyng splints to keep the bones from the action of the muscles. Children who are old enough to eat raw vegetable matters should be given an abundant supply of such articles as l^ettuce, endive, young onions, watercresses, raisins, grapes, apples, gooseberries, with a due proportion of animal food, with plenty of bread, rice, potatoes, andf milk frequently in the course of each day. This, ^vith change of air, salt-water bathing, and friction, will, if persevered in for a sufficient time, effect a i)erfect cure, by invigorating tiie constitution, and giving it back the suits oi which it has been previously deprived. NAVEL. — The center of the body in a full grown nine-months child, and, in tlie fetus, the opening through which the navel string passes from tlie liver of the child to the placenta or after-birth of the mother. The navel-string, umbilical c-ord, or funis, as this important part is differently called, is composed of a series of vessels — ap artery, vein, nerve, su\d lymphatic tube — all loosely twined, like th* "trands Appendix i^ Medical Department. ^*3 Of a rope, round each other, and varying in length from one to two It is through the medium of the navel-cord that arterial blood and nervous power from the mother is carried to nourish the fetus, and the venous blood and impurities brought from it. The cord is sometimes every incli or so doubled upon itself in the form of a series of knots; this is a provision to allow of greater extension, without incurring the risk of making tlie cord tense. With some children the navel-cord is remarkably short, and neither knotted nor twisted; when such is the case, it is certain to delay the labor very materially, and add considerably to the maternal pains, the shortness of the string preventing the head from descending freely, though the contractions of the uterus are strong, and no other impediment existing. After the birth of the child, and the new cir- culation has been established in the infant, the navel-cord is tied about two inches from the body, and then divided; in the course of a week jr fortnight the fragment left sloughs or drops off, leaving, when it has been properly attended to. that closed but indented cavity know as 'she navel. PUBERTY. — The age of supposed virility in males, andof woman- fiood in females. The word is derived from the name of a part of the body, and the tirst appearance of hair on the face The exact age ol puberty differs in diffei-ent countries, and even in individuals, being earlier in wann climates than it is in cold ones. In this country, from 14 to 16 is the general age at which puberty commences in males, and from 12 to 14 in girls. It is a critical period with either sex, and care should be taken that at such an age no vices are contracted which may lay the seeds of after mischief. RINGWORM. — The head is to be washed twice a day with soft 6oap and warm soft water; when dried, the places to be rubbed with ft piece of linen rag dipped in ammonia from gas tar; the ijatient fihoultl take a little sulphur and molasses, or some other gentle aperient, every morning; brushes and combs should be washed every day and the anmionia kept tightly corked. OINTMENT FOR SCURF IN THE HEADS OF INFANTS.— Lard 2 ozs. ; sulphuric acid, diluted, 2 drs. ; rub them together, and anoint the head once a day. SNUFFLES. — A troublesome complaint, to infants especially. The mucous membrane of the nose, through the taking of c<»ld, being much swollen, the child is no longer able to breathe througii its nose, as it was accustomed to do, but is compelled to breathe rhrough the mouth. The difficult breathings are attended by a peculiar snuffling noise, which, in sleep, becomes a regular loud snore. It often inter- feres with its sucking at the breast; and as soon as it seizes the nipple a threatening suffocation compels it to desist. While this complaint lasts the child may be partially fed with the spoon; give it a very mild purgative; bathe its legs frequently in warm water. Rub the nose with tallow, and apply a slippery elm poultice mixed with cream. SQUINTING.— Squioiiug frequently arises from the unequal strength of the eyes, the weaker eye being turned away from the object, to avoid the fatigue of exertion. Cases of squinting of long standing have often been cured by covering the stronger eye, and thereby compelling the weaker one to exertion. SCRATCHES. — Trifling as scratches often seem, they ought never to he neglected, but should be covereil and protected, and kept clean 3^4 Appendix to Medical Department and drj'^, until they have completely healed. If there is the Iftasl appearance of inflammation, no time should be lost in applying a large bread and water poultice, or hot flannels repeatedly applied ; or even leeches in good numbers may be put on, at some distance from each other, SCALD (SCALLED) HEAD.— An eniptive disease of the scalp; a scaly or scabbed head. In this disease the head is completely covered with scabs and sores, which usually break out in scrofulous children when the child is teething. The SYMPTOMS of this disgusting disease commence with large.soft patches, slightly flattened, with irreguhir margins, and slightly inflamed bases. Patches of the pustles, which are numerous, unite and form crusts or scabs, which in time constitute a dense continuous cov- ering over the entire head. A profuse acrid discharge soon after follows, most offensive to the nostrils, in which vermin are quickly generated ; the ha ir is matted together with scabs, and the whole head filthy in the extreme. The TREATMENT consists in first shaving the head, and washing the scalp with soap and water, applying every night a little of either of the following ointments, washing the head in the morning clean from all grease, lightly dusting the scalp with violet powder, and giving one of the powders prescribed below every morning. Ointments. — Take of spermaceti cerate, 1 oz. ; cresote, 40 dropa Mix. Take of citron ointment, Idr. ; spermaceti cerate, 7 drs. MixwitJ* a bone spatula. Powders. — Take of powdered rhubarb, 24 grs. ; grey powder, 1*» grs. ; precipitated sulphate of antimony, 12 grs. Mix. Divide into twelve powders for a child from one to two years old. into nine powders for a child from two to three years; into six for b child from three to six years of age. One powder to be given everj morning in.each instance. From 10 to 20 grains of powdered sarsapa> rilla may also be given twice a day. Scald Head, — This att'ects the heads of children chiefly. Thv scabby eruj)tions at the roots of the hair are very disagreeable. Ii is a very obstinate and infectious disease. First, cue off all the hair and wash the head niglit and morniiig with warm soap suds, and after wards bathe with tincture of blood-root. Then apply the browL ointment, once a day. Give the patient sulj^hur and cream-of-tartai in molasses, so as slightly to open the bowels. A poultice of docl* roots is very useful. Scald Head. — Anoint it with Barbadoes tar. Or apply daily white wine vinegar. If wood soot is mixed with fresh butter into an ointment, and the head anointed with it every day, it will generally cure it at the begin- ning; but when it is become very bad, a plaster should be made of gall dried to the consistence of salve, and ^pread upon linen. This should be applied all over the parts attected, a')d continued on four or five days; then it should be taken ofl'and the head dressed with soot ointment as before. After the cure, give two "Oi three gentle purges. If a proper regard was paid to cleanliness in the head and apparel of children, the scnld head would be seldom seen. — Wesley. SCARLATIN.A, OR SCARLET FEVER.— It d»^iives its name froL,i the color of its eruptions. It is a disease of infancj', and seldom attacks adults. It never attacks the same person twice. It begins with chilliness and shiverings, langor, and depression of spirits, a drj' sk^n. Appendix to Medical Department. 3^5 Slid pains in the head ; ai)d soon the whole skin becomes covered with specks, or minute intlammations, larger and redder than those of the measles. In two or three days, they disappear, succeeded by scalings of the scarf skin, like bran dispersed over the body, which fall off and appear again two or three times successively. This disease is some- times of a more malignant type, tending towards putrefaction." It is attended with severe sore throat; the uvula, and all the back part of the throat ai-e very red, painful and swollen, and the swallowing muchj impeded, or rendered nearly impossible. It is often attended witli/ delirium, the spots become black; the disease becomes dangerous.' Scarlatina is infectious. Theatment. — If the disease is of a mild character, little more is required than to observe a cold diet, and to avoid cold air, and cold drinks. If the body be costive, give an aperient. If the fever be high, give the saline mixture, which see. Take a small cupful at a time. Barley water, acidulated with tamarinds, or lemon-juice affords a good beverage. Give also the Sudoritic Powder. Emetics will be useful as soon as the disease begins. The emetic powder should not be neglect- ed. Bathe the feet in warm water, and give saffron tea. Drink balm tea frequently. Scarlet fever is caused by some morbitic matter taken into the cir- culation by the lungs; and the increased action in the system is a healthy effort of nature to expel such morbitic matter. Nature there- foi-e must be assisted ; or if her efforts aie too great, she must be restrained. It is not always necessary to give the emetic powder; but if there be soreness of the throat, and much phlegm, hindering the breathing, the powder will have a good effect, abating the febrile symptoms, curing the disease, or rendering the attack light. Mr. Stephens asserts that he gave the following mixture in 400 cases, after they had assumed the most alarming uppearance, the majority of whicli it cured; viz: Cayenne, a tablespoonful; common salt, 1^ tea- spoonfuls. Beat into a paste, and pour upc^n it a pint of boiling water; to stand an hour; then add half a pint of good vinegar. A table- spoonful of the mixture every hour. Do not neglectto give an aperient that will cleanse the stomach and bowels. Castor oil, and salts and ?enna, or senna and manna, are appropriate purgatives. It is very good to bathe the surface with warm soft water, to which has been added a little lye. Some have recommended ablutions of cold water ; but they should not be adopted except where the heat of the skin is great, and where perspiration is absent. It often moderates the sul)sequent symptoms. But no dangerous leaction takes place from tepid as from cold water, nor will any danger whatever result from it, as it is a most valuable auxiliary, and tlie use of it cannot be too iii^hly recommended. If the throat be sore, and the swallowing difficult, foment it witli the rheumatic liquid. Gargle, as in sore thi-oat. The diaphoretic powder will have an anodyne influence, and should not be neglected. Should the disease assume the malignant type, give immediately the vapor bath of bitter decoction, and emetics, and doses of the cayenne and salt mixture, as just mentioned ; it may be made a little stronger. If putrid symptoms appear, give yeast mixed with honey and niilk. Also gargle with it ; and apply yeast poultices to eruptions run into a sore. Let tlie room in which the patient is confined be well ventilated, and of a proper temperature ; but keep away cold air from him by all means. I u tlie beginning of the disease, the diet should be light and easy J26 Appendix to Medical Department. of digestion. Diluents should be freely taken, as balm tea, barl^f gruel, etc., with a squeeze of lemon in them. If there is debility, let the food be nutritious, as beef tea, jellies, arrow-root, sago, rice milk, and a little wine. During recovery avoid exposure to cold; keep the skin clean by tepid ablutions, and occasionally bathe the feet in warm water at bed-time. Apply friction to the whole body as much as the patient can bear. Give the tonic bitters, also the composition Powder. Belladonna has been found to render persons unsusceptible of the fever, in places where it is raging. It is to be given in extract, — the twentieth part of a grain morning and evening. SCARLATINA AND MEASLES.— Dr. Witt states that sesquicar- bonate of ammonia is an antidote to scarlatina and measles. "The do;«e in these complaints varies from 3 to 10 grains, according to the age of the patient, given at longer or shorter intervals, according to the mildness or severity of the attack. The suitable dose dissolved in as small a quantity of cold water as will admit of its being swallowed with as many grains of loaf sugar, merely to make it palatable, is all that is required. Any admixture with other medicines, as salines, bark, etc., and all acidulous drinks, are to be avoided. The prelimi- :iary treatment is also simple ; from half a grain of calomel, for children, to five grains for adults, should be placed on the tongue and swallowed. About an hour after, the first dose of the ammonia is to be given, and repeated every three or four hours, as long as the disorder takes the favorable course. If the disorder increases in violence, the medicine must be given every two hours, or every hour, or sometimes even more frequently, till the graver symptoms are subdued This medicine has been found to possess similar powera over diphtheria." THRUSH.— An affection peculiar to young children, during the period of teething. It is an affection of the mucous membrane of the moutli. It appears in small White ulcers upon the tongue, gums, and around the mouth. If not mild it may extend to the whole of the alimentary canal, from the mouth down to the anus, attended with flatulency, purgings, etc. In this severe form it often terminates fatally. Sometimes the inside of the mouth becomes so raw and sore, as to make it painful to take nourishment. Elderly people, and persons with debilitated constitutions, are liable to this complaint. Attention should be paid to the state of the general system, especially to the stomach and bowels. An emetic is often of great service. Give also a gentle aperient. Small doses of magnesia, and the use of lime water will be of great service in removing the acid from the stomach and bowels. The neutralizing mixture diluted may be given till tlie bowels are acted upon. Make a decoction of sage and hyssop, add a little borax, and wash the affected parts with it. Let it be sweetened. A solution of burnt alum has been recommended; or apply it pulverized. TONGUE-TIED.— This is a term used when a child is unable to move its tongue in such a manner as to make a perfect vacuum of its mouth when grasping its motlier's nipple. When the tongue has free motion, and with the lips grasps tlie nipple firmly, the vacuum made is complete, and the nipple being pulled out, the milk flows into the infant's mouth; when, however, the motion of the tongue is confined, the infant is unable to secure the organ for any time, the vacuum is imperfect, and only occasional driblets of milk are drawn from the breast; the child, in petulant irritation dropping the nipple and throwing back its bead, expresses its disappointment in querulous Appendix to Medical Department. 327 *flcs. It is very seldom that this defect arises from muscular deficiency or natural malformation; the cause, in nine out of ten cases, depending on the lining membrane, where it forms a fold under the tongue, and wiiich, being attached almost to tlie tip of the organ, thus binds it down by the bridle, as it is called, or the fraenum, preventing all but the most limited motion. In such a case the treatment is very simple, and the cure instantaneous; it consists in merely passing , the limb of a sharp-pointed pair of scissors through the thin skin; below the tip of the tongue, as near the external margin as possible,' and nipping it apart. To do this simple operation safely and properly the nurse should iiold the child on her lap, and the surgeon, seated before her, should place the back of the infant's head between his knees, and, making the child cry, watch his opportunity to transfix the mucous membrane, and cut the mere thread of membrane outwards, and tiien place tiie child to the breast, its steady dra wining of the nipple being the best evidence of the success of the operation. As the renal Artery and vein are in close proximity, the operator must be careful iluit he does not transfix or wound either. At the same time he must be careful not to credit every mother or nurse's assertion that a child is tongue-tied till he has satisfied himself by examination, and by putting lis finger into its mouth, that the infant is unable to grasp with its Vongne. TEETHING. — Young children, whilst cutting their first set of eeth, often suffer severe constitutional disturbance. At first there is •estlessuess and peevishness, with slight fever, but not unfrequently ii.hese are followed by convulsive fits, as they are commonly called, wliicli depend on the brain becoming irritated; and sometimes under this condition the child is either cut off suddenly, or the foundation of •icrious mischief to the brain is laid. The remedy, or rather the safe- tjuiird against these frightful consequences, is trifling and safe, and almost certain, and consists merely in lancing the gum covering the W)0th which is making its way through. When teething is about it (uay be known by the spittle constantly drivelling from the mouth and vvetting the frock. The child has its fingers often in its mouth, and oites liard any substance it can get hold of. If the gums be carefully looked at, the part where the tooth is pressing up is swollen and redder than usual; and if the finger be pressed on it the child shrinks and cries, showing that ihe gum is tender. Wlien these symptoms occur, the gnm sliould be lanced, and sometimes the tooth comes through the next day, if near the surface; but if not so far advanced the cut heals and a scar forms, wliich is thought by some objectionable, as rendering the passage of the tooth more difficult. This, however, is untrue, for the scar wiU give way much more easily than the uncut gum. If the tooth do not come through after two or three days, the lancing may be rei)cated; and this is more especially needed if the child be very fractious, and seems in much pain. Lancing the gums is further advantageous, because it empties the intlamed part of its blood, and so relieves the pain and inflammation. The relief children experience in the course of two or three iiours from the operation is often very remarkable, as they almost immediately become lively and cheerful. VAC INATION. — Is artificially inducing in the human body the disease known as cow-pox, professionally called vaccina or vacciola, and is ettected by inserting a portion of the lymph or virus, taken in the first instance from a cow (in which animal tlie disease arises spontane- ously), into some part of the patient's bod\', the object being to pre- serye the person so treated from the infection of small-pox. The value 33S ^Appendix to Medical Department. of this discovery (which enables the physician, by inducing a milnaad benign disease into tlie system, to avert from tiie body a foul and pesti- lential one; or, should it arise, to rob it of its worst sjMnptoms and nearly all its danger,) is now so universally known and recognized, that it is only necessary for us to remind the reader that this great blessing was conferred on humanity toward the end of the last century bj' Dr. Jenner. "Vaccination was for a long time considered a pei-fect specific against small-pox, and the blood once influenced by the lymph of cow- pox would, it was supposed, ever afterward repel the disease of small- pox, however the patient might be exposed to its infection. Experience, however, has proved this to be a fallacy, and that persons, iJthough twice vaccinated, may be attacked by the dreaded disease. It is, how- ever, satisfactory to know that after vaccination, small-pox, if it should occur, is always mild, seldom pits the skin, and is never dangerous. To insure the full benefit of vaccination, the patient shc/uld be in perfect health at the time, and the lymph used perfectly i\\"A\\ and, if convenient, taken from an arm at the time of using. A couple of superficial scratches should be made by a lancet in the arm, about half an inch apart; the surgeon should then load the point of his lancel with the fluid lymph, and insert it in each of the abrasions 01 scratches, exciting the vessels to absorb the lymph by sl:;^htly scraping the part with the point of the lancet, care being taken not to induce bleeding — a mere redness, excited by scraping away the scarf-skin, is all that is necessary. On the second day the vaccinated pai'ts appear red, as if about to fester; on the fourth day the places have become defined spots; and by the end of the fifth day assume the appearance of vesicles, surrounded by a bright pink areola; about the eigth day the vesicles attain their maturity, being circular in form, and about an inch in diameter, with a fiat top, and a slight depression in the centei ; about the ninth day a slight degree of fever takes place, but only lasts for a few hours (this febrile action is similar to the secondary fever of small-pox). The pustule should be opened upon the ninth day, and the lymph, if not required for immediate use, collected on small, squai-e pieces of glass, or taken up on small slips of bone called points. A little magnesia and rhubarb, or an aperient powder, sliould be given when the pustule is opened, and if the arm is red and in flanied, a warm poultice applied for a few hours will relieve it. Il general it is the twenty-first day before the pustule completely desqua mutes and the areola disappears, leaving a small depression or pit on the skin, which usually remains for life. A vesicle generally appears above each place where tiie vaccine lymph has been inserted, which fiom the thiz'd to the fifth days has a clear, pearly appearance, becom- ing opaque as the contents advance to maturity. The pustule should always be opened by the ninth day and before suppuration takes place. Some persons vaccinate on both arms, making two or three punctures on each; this is unnecessary, two places on one arm being sufficient, and these must be so far apart that there can be no fear of their run- ning together. In some constitutions the efficacy of the lymph lasts for life, in others the protective influence passes off in a few years; on this account it has been deemed necessary to repeat the vaccination at the age of puberty. To arrest the spread of that dreadful pest, small- pox, the Government has established many sanitary and legislative enactments. When vaccination is performed from dry lymph collected on the glasses or bone points, the virus must be made moist by a droji of warm water before using. ANODYNE FOMEKTATIO^T.— Take of white poppj-head*, J ozs. . Appendix to Medical Department. 329 «itJe- rtowers, \i oz.; water, 3 pts. Boil till one pint is evaporated, and atniiii out tlie liquor. This lioiT.entatiou relieves acute pain. If the affected part is very painful, add fo/ty drops of laudanum, and thirty drops of tincture of cayenne. ANO!)TNE PLASTER.— Melt an ounce of adhesive plaster, or dinchlyon, and while cooling, add a drachm of powdered opium, and the same quantity of camphor, previously dissolved in a small quantityi of olive oil. Spread this on leather. This soon relieves an acute local} pain. ANODYNE P0WDER.~Opium, ^oz.; camphor, 3 drs. ; valerian, 1 oz. ; cayenne pepper, 1 oz. Put the opium and camphor into a close bag; place it on the oven top to harden. Powder and mix. Take a quarter of a tea-spoonful at a time. Most valuable in colic, cramp and severe pains. ANTI-BILLIOUS PILLS.— Extract of colocynth, 2 drs. ; extract of jalap, 1 dr.; almond soap, \% drs.; guiacum, 3 drs.; tartarized an- timony, 8 grs. ; oil of juniper, 4 or 5 drops; oil of carraway, 4 drops; oil of rosemary, 4 drops. Form into a mass with syrup of buckthorn, and divide into pills. ANTI-CHOLERA DROPS.— Tinctures of capsicum, opium, lobelia, essence of peppermint, of each, 1 oz. Mix. Take when needful, a tea-spoonful in a little coffee. Most efficient in cholera, and affections of the bowels. ANTIMONIAL WINE.— This may be purchased at the druggists. As an emetic, the dose is from one to two table-spoonfuls. As a febrifuge, sudorific, or relaxant, from twenty to forty drops every three or four hours. As an emetic, ipecacuanha, and lobelia, stand very high, especially the latter. ANTI-SPASMODIC TINCTURE.— Tincture of lobelia, 1 oz.; tincture of cayenne, 1 oz. ; compound tincture of lady's slipper, J^ oz.; oil of anise-seed, 20 drops. Begin with a teaspoonf ul. This is an infallible remedy for spasms, fever, ague, and painful flatulence and colic. ANTI-SPASMODIC CLYSTER.— To half a pint of thin gruel, add half an ounce, or an ounce of the fetid tincture, and forty to sixty drops of laudanum. This is very useful in spasmodic affections of the bowels, in convulsions, or in all hysteric complaints. ANTS. — A small quantity of green sage, placed where ants infest will cause them to disappear. Quicklime thrown on their nests, and then watered, will destroy them. Or, a strong solution of alum water. Or, gas tar; or lime from gas-works. Gas tar painted round a tree an inch or two broad, will prevent ants and other insects from climbing trees, and will preserve the fruit. APERIENT MIXTURE.— Senna leaves, 2 drs. ; infuse in a quarter of a pint of boiling water, for half an hour, and add epsom salts, half an ounce; compound tincture of senna, an ounce. Three table- spoonfuls to be taken every three hours. APERIENT ELECTUARY.— Senna, 1 oz. powdered; flour of sul- phur, J^ oz. ; giound ginger, 2 drs. ; molasses, or honey, 4 ozs. Mix well. Dose— About the size of a nutmeg morning and night. If not strong enough, add a small quantity of jalap. APERIENT FOR CHILDREN.— Infusion of senna, 1 oz; mint water, % oz. ; calcined magnesia, 1 scr. ; manna, 3 drs. ; syrup ot roses, 2 drs.; (a solution of sugar will do). Mix and give in doses of •ne or tw« teaspoonfuls at a time. 5to Appendix to Medical Departmtnt, APERIENT FOR INFANTS.— Take of rhubarb, 5 ^rs. ; magnesih. 3 grains; white sugar, 1 scr.; manna, 5 grs. ; Mix. Dose.— Varying from a piece half the size of a sweet-pea to a piece the size of an ordi- nar\' pea. APERIENT mXTURE— Aberuethy's.— Epsona salts, ^ oz. ; in- fusion of senna, 6 tlrs.; tincture of senna, 2 drs. ; spearmint water, 1 oz. ; distilled water, 2 ozs. ; best manna, 3 drs. Mix; and take three or four tablespoontuls every morning, or every other morning. This is a valuable mixture. A decoction of Peruvian bark will render it a tonic aperient. APERIENT PILLS.— Compound rhubarb pill, 1 scr. ; extract of colyocynth, 3^ dr. ; castile soap, 10 grs. ; oil of juniper, 3 drops. Beat into a mass: make into ordmart/ sized pills. Take one at bed-time. ALTERATIVES.— Medicines adapted to cure a disease without producing any veiy sensible efiect on the human system. Alterative Pills. — Lobelia seeds, 2 drs. ; mandrake, 2 drs. ; blue flag, 2 drs.; blood root, 2 drs.; cayenne pepper, 1 dr.; gum guiacum, 2 drs. ; extract of dandelion, 6 drs. ; oil of peppermint, 3 or 4 drops ; simple syrup to foim into pills. Dosb. — Two pills twice or thrice a day. These pills are of great service in bilious and liver complaints, diseased joints, boils, carbuncles, cutaneous eruptions, scrofula, syphillis, etc. Alterative Syrup, — Tincture of cayenne, J^ oz. ; tincture o» lobelia, and tincture of myrrh, of each, 2 ozs. ; molasses, ^ lb. Mix. a teaspoonful two or three times a day. Noted for its effectual cure ol cutaneous sores; hoils, indigestion, and some chronic complaints. BLOOD-KOOT— Sanguinaria Canadensis, — An American plant. It has great emetic and expectorant Influence. It is tonic, narcotic, stimulant, emetic, according to the dose and form in which it is ad- ministered. In a laige dose it produces nausea, etc. In small doses, it acts as a stimulant and tonic. Like digitalis, it calms the pulse. It is an invaluable remedy in diseases of the chest, lungs, and liver. Dr. Beach says : ' plethoric constitutions, when respiration is very dithcult, the cheel- uJ ii^uids livid, the pulse full, soft, vibrating, and easily compressed, tiie blood-root has done more to obviate tho symptoms and remove the disease than any othor remedy used. It is most useful in bleeding at tho lungs, influenza, whooping-cough, and croup. It should be given in quantity to cause vomiting." Thirty drops of the satui-ated alcoholic solution, taken three times a day, cured a bad case of rheumatism in a ^outy person. It is also a great benelit in asthmatic affections, scarlet fever, iaundice, and fe- male obstructions. In water of the chest (hydrothorax), doses of 50 oi GO drops shou-d be given, until nausea follows each dose. It is excel- celient in chest complaint-, and exuesiive expectoration. Externally, blood- root is a great healer of the \\ orst sores, ulcers, ringworms, tumors, (and taken as snnft", of polypus); used as a pow- der, or as a wash. The roots e generally used ; but the leaves hav*. similar virtues. It is given in i.ie lorm of syrup, extract, infusion, decoction, and tincture. As an emetic it should be combined with lobelia. If infused in vinegar, its eflects, as a wash, are mere powerful in sores, ulcers, tet- ters, and ringworms. Dr. Tully asserts that in the sub-acute form of inflammation, which often precedes a rapid phthisis, or consumption, the cure may, in general, be trusted to sanguinaria (blood-root) and opium, after the previous use of aperients. In confirmed phthisis, it is of more value, Appendix to Medical IJepariment. 331 he says, in cor ibating and palliating symptoms, than any other rem- edy. Dr. Stevens, of Ceies, (1850), has seen the most marked benefit result from it in hcBmoptyHu (spitting of blood). For this symptom it •vas employed by Dr. N. Smith, and others, with remarkable success, some years ago. As an expectorant in the first and second stages, its action is said to be certain to arrejt the cough and freely empty the bronchial tubesi In the second and third stages, it is a remedy of some importance, thao can be relied on. I gave it in three cases of that condition of body, preceding the deposition of tubercle, although there was congh, short and feeble in- spiration, and a general phthisical iis)iect. In one, a girl of ten years, tiiere was an hereditary predisposition, and many symptoms of phthisis hi tiie lirst stage were present, bnt no physical signs of the disease. She liad t;iken cod-liver oil and other remedies without benefit, and .vas extremely weak nnd emaciated. After attending to the secretions, \ put her on the compound sanguinaria powder nightly, which per- n it ted me subsequently to give her steel, and to resume the cod-liver ):1. Her health improved; tlie cough tMniinished and disappeared; .he gnined strength and flesh, and w;is restored to perfect health. In .1 girl of ten years, with a sluggish liver, jaundice, cough, but no de- iiosition of tubercle, the same good result ensued, although the time "as longer. In the first ,=^tage of phthisis, wherein actual deposition of tubercle •^'as going on, with all the symptoms well marked, in which cod-liver •>\\ ah)i!e was not agreeing, I liave combined with it small doses of the omponnd sanguinaria powder twice a day, with relief to shortness of t»reath, and improvement of the general health; and all the improve- \iieut lias been attributed by the patients to the sanguinaria. In the second stage, the tincture in moderate doses may be com- bined uith other expectorants with great advantage, and will assist other remedies to cure; whilst, in the third, the relief afl'orded in a ready expectoration and complete emptying of the bronchial tubes is "eally marvelous. The expectoration becomes more easy, the breath- ing clf^arer, the spasmodic efforts at coughing less; and much improve- ment will result for a time in the last stage of this malady. Some bitter infusion may be combined with the sanguinaria with decided good ettect in the dyspepsia, or loss of appetite sometimes present. I believe the sanguinaria in moderate doses will be found a remedy of much service in the pretubercular and first stages of phthisis, either aline or combined with other substances; and that as an expectorant, in the second and third, it cannot be surpassed. It materially helps to prolong life, even in very hopeless cases. Bronchitis. — In tlie chronic foi-m, it is in general use all over this country, as one of the most active expectorants. Dr. Leonard observes, that its acrimony rendeis it powerful in removing the tenacious phlegm, and which it is our object to get rid of. Dr. Wood, of Phila- delphia — a name honored in this country, and well known in Europe — reconnnends the tincture, among other remedies, as well adapted for tliis complainr, four to six times a day, kept just within the nauseating point. It is used extensively in tlie various hospitals in Canada, and is tound truly valuable as a remedy. Its value in bronchitis I have known for some years, and have found it more serviceable than many other expectorants, and one tiiat jjiomotes the expulsion of mucus in «uch a manner jis to affoid very gieat lelief, with a feeling of warmth unU comfort to the patient. 22 Jji Appendix to MecHeal Department. Catarrh is much benefited by this remedy. Equal parts of «( ; tincture and of paregoric were found by Dr. Tully to afford R,.*^tit marked relief. It produces a waiuntii about tlie chest, which tli* p:i- tients find agreaable. It is much employed in cold in the liead, pro- moting the discharge of mucus, and imparts a pleasing sense of w.irmth to the whole head. Dr. R. P. Stevens speaks highly of its virtues in this aflfection, combined with cloves and camphor, and taken as snuff. As a gargle it is very efficacious. Asthma. — The paroxysms of asthma are much relieved by it. I gave it with advantage to a female aged 57, who had been asthmatic since the change of life in 1850, and who suffered from frequent diar- rhea and dyspnoea, or difficult breathing. It completely dispelled an asthmatic cough in a female of 30, who had aborted a few weeks be- fore. A.mong other cases, was a girl of 13, with hereditary asthma, and symptoms of stone in the bladder. She passed her water in bed, was fretful and irritable, and the urine was loaded with lithates. She rapidly improved under a suitable pectoral mixture and the compound sanguinaria powders, and in a little while was restored to perfect health. Its efficacy in asthma is confirmed by other observers, and amongst them may be mentioned Dr. Eberle, who speaks well of it. It is most valuable in whooping-cough. It should be combined wit! camphorated tincture of opium Croup. — Dr. Nathan Smitli, and others, speak of it as a sovereign remedy in this disease. Dr. Bird recommends its use in the membrane ous stage, as an emetic, in the form of decoction. It expels the fals*. membrane, and produces a stimulating effect upon the mouth and fan ces. Dr. Barton pronounces it an excellent remedy in malignant sort throat, croup, and similar affections, in the form of an emetic and stimulating expectoriint. Dr. Ives recommends it as highly useful ii, tlie first stage of croup, and must be given so as to produce vomiting He observes, that many physicians have relied, for years, wholly upoi. it as a remedy for croup. Diphtheria. — Of the three forms of this disease, the simple croupal, and malignant, it is in the two last that the sanguinaria wili be found especially useful. In my own practice, I employ this sub stance as an emetic in the croupal form; it acts with energy, and pro duces a tlirilling effect upon the entire mucous membrane of the fau ces and respiratory tract, with a feeling of warmth. It, alone, seemi. to impart vitality to the suffering throat, and I recommend it with tht very greatest confidence. In the malignant form of diphtheria, besides the most active, treat ment, as hydrochloric acid to the throat, etc., a gargle, of a warm decoction of sanguinaria in vinegar, is invaluable. Scarlatina. — Dr. Tully has used the decoction as a gargle with benefit, and Dr. Stevens, of Ceres, derived great benefit from full emetic doses of the decoction in the malignant form of scarlatina. It removes the morbid secretions of the mucous membrane of the stom. ach, oesophagus, and fauces, and tends to break up the morbific influ- ence of the disease. In an epidemic of scarlatina, with symptoms of the most alarming character, Dr. R. G. Jennings, of Virginia, after the failure of almost everything else, including nitrate of silver, found gargles of the infusion of sanguinaria in vinegar most efficacious. They effectually cleansed the throat of viscid secretion, and afforded much comfort to the suffering patients, allaying all irritation. Rheumatism has been treated by Professors Smith and Ives, ia the acute form, with the tiuoture or d©c©«tion, giysn tilk its a^^^Jti^^ Af>p*itdix to Medical Lkpartment. 333 opon the skin and system generally becomes manifest. Verj^ many dther physicians spealc of its use in the chronic form. I have cured some cases of clironic rheumatism by the tincture and compound pow- der, In one, a female of 29, the subject of leucorrhea and rheumatism, all the pains disappeared in a fortnight, and even the leucorrheal dis- charge diminished. Hepatic or Liver Diseases. — In the Southern States, j^ellow fever, jaundice, inactivity of the liver, etc., from the nature of the climatei prevails,* but tlie s.inguinaria has been found by Dr. Macbride, o? Charleston, of utility in torpor of the liver, with colic and yellowness of the skill. Jaundice he submitted to frequent trials of the medicine with advantage. Dr. A. D. Wilson cured a case of enlargement of the liver and spleen in a girl of 16, by the tincture and extract. The evi- dence of its value in jaundice, is favorable by a host of careful Amer- ican writers. Ameuorrhea. — It is an emmenagogue of some importance and power. Indeed, its first known use among the native Indian women »va8 for this purpose. If the patient is plethoric and of full habit, 'arge doses are necessary ; and if combined with aloes, shortly before ihe usual monthly period, it will scarceh^ or never fail to produce men- struation. Powder. — The usual dose of this as an emetic is from 10 to 20 ^ ozs. ; lobelia, % oz.; white sugar, Ij^ ozs.; water, 1)^ pts.; gently simmer half an hour, till it thickens; when cool, add 1 tea-spoon of paregoric elixir. Take 1 table-spoon occasionally ; a child 1 tea-spoon, or less. This syrup is veiy valuable in chest complaints, bronchial affections, coughs, and diffleult breathing. t34 AppefuUx to Mtdita^ Dtparhntnt. BLOODY FLUX. — Feed on rice, sago, and beef-tea. To «top it take a spoon of suet melted over a slow fire. Do not bleed. A person was cured in one day by feedin«? on rice milk, and Bit- ting a quarter of an hour in a shallow tub, having in it warm water, three inches deep. BLOTCHES.— Blotches or pimples on the face and neck are often the effect of some functional derangement of the liver or stomach. Lotions in that case, do more harm than good. If they proceed from a disordered liver, take the compound colocynth and blue pill, (which a druggist will supply,) night and morning, for two or three days; then purge off with two or three doses of Epsom salts and senna. If they proceed from derangement of the stomach, take 15 grs. of car- bonate of soda, 6 grs. of rhubarb, and 2 grs. of ginger, or cayenne pepper, in water, twice a day, and a compound colocynth pill every other day. Last tiling at night rub the blotches with tallow, and in the morning apply fullers' earth about half an hour, wash off with warm water and soap ; and during the day, several times, with elder, flower water. Take also extract of sarsaparilla, to purify the blood. BRONCHIAL TROCHES.— Powdered extract of licorice, 4 ozs. ■, sugar, 2 ozs. ; powdered cubebs, 1 oz. ; gum arable, >^ oz. ; powdered hemlock, 1 dr. Mix. BROWN OINTMENT.— Extract of henbane, 1 dr. ; yellow wax, \^ oz.; red precipitate, 23^drs.; pure zinc, powdered, \\i drs.; fresh butter, 3 ozs. Melt and mix, and add \% drs. of camphor dissolved in olive oil. This ointment is good for ringworm, all cutanhous erup" tions, for ulcers, sore lips, itch, chronic ophthalmia, etc. BONES KT. — In this country it is a regular family medicine. II possesses emetic, expectorant, and sudorific properties. As a laxative it acts gently witliout irritating the bowels. In fevers it is very valu. able, relaxing the bowels and subduing the febrile symptoms. lu rheumatism and influenza it has a good effect. The cold infusion ii an excellent tonic. To produce a vomit, take 1 oz. of the powdered leaves, and infias^e in 1 pt. of hot watei-. Drink 1 cup every fifteeu minutes until it takes effect. To promote perspiration, take small doses frequently. BLACKBERRY SYRUP— For Cholera and Summer Complaints — Blackberry juice, 1 qt.; fine sugar, i^ lb.; nutmegs, cinnamon, all spice, of each, ^ oz.; cloves, \% drs.; cayenne pepper, 3^ dr. Povv. der them all, and gently boil them in the juice for about twenty min- utes. When cold, add >^ pt. of brandy. It relieves inward pains, cramp, and diarrhea. Blackberry Syrup.— Make a syrup of 1 lb. of sugar, to each pint of water; boil until it is thick; add as many pints of the expressed juice of blackberries as there are pounds of sugar; put half a nutmeg grated to each quart of the syrup; boil tifteen or twenty minutes, then add half a gill of best French brandy for each quart of syrup; bottle it for use. A table-spoon for a child, or a wine-glass for an adult, is u dose. Blackberry Cordial.— To 1 gal. of blackberry juice put 4 lbs. of lump sugar. Boil and skim off. Then add 1 oz. of cloves, 1 oz. of cinuiimo^i, 10 grated nutmegs; boil down till sutticiently rich. Let it cool and settle. Then drain oft" and add 1 pt. of brandy. Blackberry and Wine Cordial.— The following is recommended as a delightful beverage, and an infnlliblt specific for diarrliea, or dis> eases of the bowels : To }i bus. of blackberries, well mashed, add W lb. of allspice, 2 obs. of cinnamon, 2 ozs. of cloves; pulveriae wwi, Appendix to Medical Department. 335 mix, and boil slowly until done; then strain the juice through flannel, and add to each pint of the juice 1 lb. of loaf sugar; boil again for some time, take it off, and, while cooling, add ^ gal. of best Cognac brandy. - Dose. — For an adult, a wine-glass; for a child, a tea-spoon or mote, accorcJing to age. BITTER TONIC— Gentian root, 1 oz.; the yellow rind of a fresh lemon; put into a jar or bottle with hot wat«r; let it stand. A cup in the morning promotes appetite. BL££DING. — This is sometimes necessary in certain accidents, such as concussion, and therefore it is well to know how to do it. First of all, bind up the arm above the elbow with a piece of bandage or a iiandkerchief, pretty firmly, then place your finger over one of the veins at the bend of the arm, and feel if there is any pulsation; if there is, try another vein, and if it does not pulsate or beat, choose that one. Now rub the arm from the wrist toward the elbow, place the left thumb upon the vein, and hold the lancet as you would a pen, and nearly at right angles to the vein, taking care to prevent its going in too far, by keeping the thumb near to the point, and resting the hand upon the little finger. Now place the point of the lancet on the vein, push it suddenly inwards, depress the elbow, and raise the hand upward and outward, so as to cut obliquely across the vein. When suf- ficient blood is drawn off, which is known by feeling the pulse at the ivrist, and near the thumb, bandage the arm. If the pulse feels like a piece of cord, more blood should be taken away; but if it is soft, and can be easily pressed, the bleeding should be stopped. When you bandage the arm, place a piece of lint over the opening made by the lancet, and pass a bandage lightly but firmly around the arm, so as to cross it over the bend of the elbow, in the form of a figure 8. DRY CUPPINGf. — This is performed by throwing a piece of paca*- dipped into spirit of wine, and ignited, into a wine-glass, and placmg it over the part, such as the neck, temples, etc. It thus draws the flesh into the glass, and causes a determination of blood to the part, which is useful in headache, and many other complaints. This is an excel- lent method of extracting the poison from wounds made by adders, mad dogs, etc. Ordinary cupping is performed the same as dry cupping, with this exception, that the part is scarified or scratched with a lancet so as to cause the blood to flow;' then the glass is placed over it again, with the lighted paper in it, and when sufl3cient blood has been taken away, then the parts are sponged, and a piece of sticking plaster applied ) er them. BLACK SALTE, or HEALING SALVE.— Olive oil, 1 pt. ; com- mon resin, % oz. ; bees-wax, % oz. ; Venice turpentine, 3^ oz. Melt, raising the oil nearly to the boiling point. Then gradually add 2 or .S ozs. of powdered red lead, wliile on the fire. Do not burn it. Boil slowly until it becomes a dark brown. Remove from the fire, and add 1 dr. of powdered camphor, when it is nearly cold. This is a first-rate liealing salve, superior to most. It is wonderful in burns, scalds, scrofulous, fistulous, and all other ulcers. Spread o linen, and renew daily. COUGH REMEDIES.— The following are tlie best recij es foi coughs. Some of them are of rare excellence : To Allay a Tickling Cougli.— Six titble-spoons of molasses; the juice of kalf a lemon; simmer over the fire till well incorporated; take oft", and add 1 table-spoon of paregoric, and about the size of a horse-bean of refined nitre. Take 2 tea-spoons when tJie cough troubles, 336 Appendix to Medical Department. Take 4 ozs. of sugar candy, powdered; "% oz. of citric acid, or lemon juice. Mix by lieat. Add a few drops of oil of anise-seed. It the cough is not a diy one, add 20 drops of laudanum, or a dessert- spoon of paregoric. Take a tea-spoon at a time, when the cough \s troublesome. Powder of tragacanth, 1 dr.; syrup of white poppies, 2 drs. ; laudanum, 40 drops; water, 4 ozs. Shake the powder in the water till it is dissolved, then add the others. Dose. — A tea-spoon three times a day- Asthmatic Congh. — Take 2 good handfuls of colt's-foot leaves, 1 oz, of garlic, and 2 qts. of water. Boil down to 3 pts. Strain, and to the liquor add 8 ozs. of sugar. Boil gently for ten minutes. Take half a cup occasionallj\ Coiisiimptiye Coagh. — The following is a most valuable recipe ; Sanctuary, horehound, bayberry bark, 2 pennyworth of each; and of agrimony, raspberry leaves, cleavers, and ground ivy, 1 pennyworth; extract of licorice, 4 ozs. ; and J^ a tea-spoon of cayenne pepper. Gently simmer in 2 gals, of water for an hour. Tlie following has cured most obstinate coughs : Take 1 pt. of milk, warm it, and wiien it comes to tlie boiling point, add as much made mustard as will turn it to a posset. Take away the curd, and into % pt of the posset put 1 oz. of brown sugar candy, to dissolve. Take the posset as hot as you can at night, when in bed, and renew it for tlnee or four times. This has given relief in asthma. A Dry Cough.— Dissolve % oz. of gum arable, % oz. of Spanish juice, and 2 table-spoons of molasses, in a little warm water; add 3 drs. of the syrup of squills, and 2 drs. of syrup of poppies. Cork and shake well. Take 1 tea-spoon when the cough is annoying; drink linseed tea, sweetened with sugar candy. Chew a little Peruvian bark, constantly swallowing the spittle. It seldom fails to cure a dry cough. — Wesley. Two or 3 table-spoons of linseed, a small bunch of horehound; boil to a jelly, and strain. Add % lb. of sugar candy, 34 lb. of honey, 1^ lb. of loaf sugar. First boil the horehound in 1 qt. of water; then add the strained linseed and the other articles. Simmer for two hours. When cold, add of chlorodyne to the value of 25 cents. Bot- tle it and cork tight. A small quantity of spirits of wine or brandy, to keep it. When the cough is troublesome, take a table-spoon. Thif recipe is invaluable. Balsam of tolu, J^ oz. ; gum storax, ^ dr.; opium, 8 grs.; best honey, 2 ozs. ; spirits of wine, 3^ pt. Digest for six days, and strain. If the cough is fast, add 3.^ oz. of ipecacuanha in powder. An old remedy is to dissolve 2 ozs. of mutton suet in 1 qt. of milk, and drink it warm. This relieves a violent cough. Beat well the yolk of an egg, put it in a mortar, and add 3^ dr. of powdered spermaceti, a little line sugar, and 1 table-spoon of paregoric elixir. Take a table-spoon when the cough is troublesome. Dr. James recommends a mixture of vinegar and molasses in equal quantities; a tea-spoon to be taken when required. Or, take % pt. of vinegar, 3^ oz. of Spanish juice, 1 oz. each of sugar candy and spirits of wine. A table-spoon at a time. Take honey and mola.sscs, of each 4 ozs.; best vinegar, 5 ozs. Mix, and slowly simmer them in a common pipkin for fifteen minutes. When the mixture is cold, add I de.^sert-spoon of paregoric elixir. Dose. — A table-spoon three or four times a day. This is very useful in the coughs of children, as it lias a very pleasant taste. Dose. — One or two tea-spoons. Appendix to Medical Department. 337 Or, peel and slice a large turnip, spread coarse sugar between the ^res, and let it stand in a dish till all the juice drains down. Take a dpoon of this when you cough. Or, take a spoon of syrup of horehound morning and evening. Or, take from 10 to 20 drops of elixir of vitriol, in a glass of water, two or three times a day. This is useful when the couffh is attended with costiveness, or a relaxation of the stomach and lungs. For a tickling cough, drink water whitened with oatmeal four times a day. Or, keep a piece of barley-sugar or sugar-candy constantly in the mouth. Cougrb Drops.— Gum guiacum, 2 drs.; camphor, 2 scrs.; castile •oap, 1 scr. ; laudanum, 40 drops; spirits of wine, 2 ozs.; balsam of Peru, 24 drops. Mix. Dose.— Ten or 15 drops three or four times a day. Congh Drops.- Linseed, % cup; olive oil, % pt.; molasses or noiiey, "% pt. ; spirits of turpentine, balsam of fir, ^ oz. each; extract ■jf licorice, 14 oz. Mix, and simmer. Take from 10 to 20 drops two ♦r three times a day. Cough Lozenges.— Best Spanish licorice, 1 oz. ; refined sugar, 2 »zs.; gum arable, finely powdered, 2 drs ; and extract of opium, 1 scr. fVell beat, or pound the whole together; then, with mucilage of gum sragacanth, make into small lozenges, to be dissolved in the mouth vhen the cough is troublesome. Congh Lozenges.— Laudanum, 1 o?.; balsam of tolu, Vy^ ozs.; licorice, %% ozs. ; ipecacuanha powder, 2 ozs. ; oil of anise-seeds, J^ >«. ; starch, 1 lb. ; sugar, 3 lbs. ; mucilage to mix. Congh, For.— Lobelia, 2 ozs.; cayenne, 34 oz.; vinegar, 1 pt. ; sugar, 2 ozs. Boil the vinegar, and pour it hot upon the herb, etc., uito a stone bottle; cork close for a few days. Dose. — For a cough, »alf a tea-spoon, or a piece of loaf sugar moistened with it. Or, take of lobelia, 2 drs. ; blood-root, 1 dr. ; skunk cabbage, 1 dr. ; pleurisy- root, 1 dr. Make into pills with molasses, honey, or balsam »f Peru. Dose. — One or two, twice a day. Cough Pill. — Extract of henbane, ^ oz. ; ipecacuanha, J^ oz.-, extract of balm of Gilead buds, '% oz.; cayenne, 2 grs.; oil of mint, 3 drops. Form into pills. Take one or two when needful. In bron- chitis, catarrh, etc., these pills are invaluable for cough. Congh Plaster. — Castile soap, 1 oz ; lead plaster, 2 drs.; pow- dered sal-ammoniac, ^ dr. Mix the soap and lead plaster together, and when tlie mass has cooled, add the sal-ammoniac, and 1 dr. of cayenne pepper. Cough, Plaster for. — Bees-wax, Burgundy pitch, and resin, of each, 1 oz ; melt them together, and stir in %. oz. of common turpen- tine, and 3^ oz. of oii of mace. Spread it on leather, grate some nut- meg over, and apply quite warm to the pit of the stomach. Cousrb Syrnp. — Hyssop and rue, of each, 1 oz.; horehound, 1 oz. ; acid tincture of lobelia, 3ozs. ; essence of pennyroyal, 1 dr.; essence of spearmint, 2 drs. Boil the hyssop, rue, and horehound till the strength is obtained ; strain, and add sugar and molasses. Boil to a syrup, and when nearly cold, add the tincture and essences. Congh Syrnp. — Sage, 1 oz. ; johnswort, 1 oz. ; Iceland moss, 2 ozs.; white poppy lieads. 2 ozs. ; pearl barley, 2 table-spoons ; water, 2 qts. Boil to 1 qt., and sweeten with sugar candy, adding a little lemon juice. If the cough is obstinate, add J^ oz. of ipecacuanha. If the pH.t»«nt is asthmatic, add 1 o«. of sulphuric ether. 338 Appendix to Medical Department. Congh Syrup. — Tincture of lobelia, 1 oz. ; Iceland moss, 2 ozs. r white poppy capsules, bruised, 2 ozs. ; pearl barley, 2 table-spoons^ water, 2 qts. ; molasses, 2 ozs. Boil down to 3 pts., and strain. Dis- solve in it from 4 to 8 ozs. of sugar candy. It effectually allays a tickling cough. A table-spoon .when the cough is troublesome. It does not constipate like laudanum and paregoric. Or, take lobelia lies b, horehound, boneset, 1 oz. of each ; comfrey root, spikenard, St. John's wort, poppy capsules, %, oz. of each. In- fuse in 3 pts. of boiling water for three hours. Strain, and add )^ lb. of loaf sugar boiled to a syrup. Add a wine-glass of best rum. A table-spoon is a dose. This is a valuable recipe for cough, hoarse- ness, etc. CATHARTICS. — Medicines increasing the discharge from the bowels. CATHARTIC POWDER.— Best senna, ginger, camomile flowers, of each 1 oz. ; jalap, J^ oz. Powder fine, and mix well. Take from a half to a tea-poon in warm water or tea. This is a valuable aperient; it is powerful, and j-et mild; effectually cleanses the bowels, and pro- duces a healthy action in them, and also upon the liver. CATNIP — Is carminative, diaphoretic, and refrigerant. It pro. duces perspiration effectually, and is most useful in colds; throwing ofl fever, and restoring to health rapidly. It is good for nervous com plaints, indigestion, wind, colic, and is very suitable for infants ancl children in belly-ache, flatulency, etc. Dose. — Infuse a small quantity in a pint of boiling water. It is a good fomenter in swellings. CAMOMILE. — The flowers possess antispasmodic, carminative cordial, and diaphoretic effects. The infusion of the flowers greatlj promotes digestion, and with the addition of a few drops of elixir o) vitriol, has arrested the worst of fevers. A strong decoction proves an emetic, and greatly cleanses the stomach. CRANESBILL. — It is a fine plant. It strengthens the stomacl; and bowels, restraining all excessive evacuations, and preventing in ternal niortillcution. In bowel complaints, and fluxes, it is of greai use. A decoction of the root forms a valuable gargle in quinsy, sor* mouth and throat. For bleeding wounds it is a sovereign styptic The root bruised and saturated with cold water should be applied t* the wound. Dose. — Powdered root, from twelve grains. Decoction boil an ounce in a pint of water; a table-spoon. CHARCOAL MEDICINE.— It is much used in Mexico, and ii. South America, where few drugs are procurable, save those "simples' which tiie ingenuity and experience of the Indian Herbalists have de- vised. Freshly burnt charcoal, reduced to powder and given in water, is in great lepiite. It immediately removes offensive odors from intest- inal and renal discharges, and purities the breath, it removes offensive exhalations from any part of the body, either given in water, or in the form of pills, made up in wheat flour, or gum mucilage. It removes pains about the right shoulder caused by obstructions of the liver. Ae an antiacid, either alone, or combined with rhubarb, and carbonate of soda, it speedily and permanently removes heartburn. Charcoal is a powerful antiseptic, removing, or checking decay, and must be very valu:i])le in the incipient stages of consumption. CULVER'S ROOT. — This is a good purgative, tonic, diaphoretic, antisejjtic, etc. Its operation is mild, without producing weakness or prostration, and is most effective in fevers, to remove black and morbid matter from the bo\yels. Good for indigestion, to purify the blood, and nets powerfully on the absorbent system. Valuable in dropsy. Dose. — One or two spoons in a small cup of water sweetened. Appendix to Medical Department. 339 COMPOSITION POWDER— Thompson's.— Take b«yberiy, 8 ozs. ; ginger, 8 ozs. ; poplar bark, 4 ozs. ; white oak bark, 4 ozs. ; cayenne pepp6r, 33^ ozs- ; cloves, )^ oz. Powder and mix intimatel}'. Dissolve a tea-spoon in a cup of boiling water, sweetened. Valuable to remove colds, influenza, fever, relax pain in the bowels, cold extremities. For promoting perspiration, and morbific matter, the cause of disease, it is invaluable. When taken, the patient should go to bed, and apply the hot brick, etc. THE COLD WATER CURE.- The cold water treatment is that which nature has placed in the power of all her creatures ; and without' water taken inwardly and applied outwardly, there can be no health. Nature has no secrets in giving man life; she has implanted within him the knowledge of that which is to support and render pleasant the life. " I leave behind me," said a celebrated physician, on his death- bed, ''Hwo great physicians, diet and waters Water is the great dissolvent in nature. If the primary ducts be obstructed, water dilutes, attenuates, divides, and scatters the impuri- ties contained in them ; and these are afterwards ejected by the stomach and intestines. If disease be settled in the blood, and the morbific matter deposited in the different organs of the animal economy, nothing is so effectual as water to dilute the thickened and blunt the acute ; to revivify that which languishes, extinguish that which burns, and to open again all the passages by which injurious humors can escape. Cold water creates a sudorific process causing perspiration, without wearying the organic system. It is supported by copious draughts of cold water, which quench the thirst, moisten and refresh the blood, replace the lost juices, and maintain the tone of the muscles. The drinking of cold water, and its application to the body by- various processes, convey the morbid humors to the skin, whence they exude in eruptions, boils, and abscesses. These eruptions, constituting the crisis of the complaint, are the certain sign of a perfect cure. After the unwholesome juices are driven out and replaced by whole- some ones, then follow the restoration of the digestive powers, and the freeing of all the organs by the dissolving of all obstructions; the vital and animal functions are re-established in their former harmony; and thus nothing then remains but health, a treasure which can only be preserved b}' continuing the system by which it has been obtained. Some will ask, Is the cold water treatment applicable to all de- scriptions of disease? We answer, that its application must be of ad- vantage in the large number of acute and chronic diseases. There are cases, however, wherein some essential organ having become detective, art can do no more than prolong existence and alleviate suffering. Among such exceptions are consumption, organic diseases ofthe heart, of the lungs, of the large vessels, dropsy, etc. Yet all these cases, and others deemed incurable, by the moderate judicious use of some of the cold water applications, will insure relief and palliation of pain. Again will the cold water treatment produce a radical cure ? What is to be understood by the word radical? If it means the final extir- pation from the system the cause of disease, and the relief of the patient irom pain, then, the cure by the cold water method is radical! But if to be radical, a cure is sought which is to prevent a return of the dis- ease, in cases of parties exposing themselves to the same influences which originated the disease, then neither this nor any other means of treatment will produce such an eft'ect. As to danger from the cold water treatment there can be no active paude of treatment more innocent, with reference to its present or j4<-> Appendix to Medical Department. future eifects, if applied with judgment; but if not, it may be followed by very dangerous consequences. Tlie water used must be cold and fresh, and soft ; that is, it must have the quality of dissolving, and therefore must be cold, and without any mineral i:)roperties. To prove its fitness, linen cloth washed in it must become white, and vegetables dressed in it must be tender. The Sweating Process is the most disagreeable part of the treat- ment; but it is the most important, and the benefits derived from it comjiensate for the unpleasantness of its duration. Tlie patient is enclosed, naked, in a large coarse blanket, the legs extended, and the arms kept close to the body; tlie blanket is then wound round it, as tight as possible, tui'ning it well under at the feet; over this is placed, and well tucked in a small feather bed, sometimes two; and then a sheet and a counterpane are spread over all; thus the patient resembles a mummy. Sometimes, when perspiration is diffi- cult, the head, except the face, is covered. Perspiration begins in about 45 minutes, and then the irritation goes off". The patient should lie perspiring at least one hour. The windows in the room muet be opened, and a glass of cold water given every half hour, to refresh the l^atient, *iul promote perspiration. If there is headache, a damp cloth may be wrapped lound the head. This process does not weaken the patient; he loses neither weight nor strength, but improves in persona) appearance, even under several processes. The neeesi^ary duration of the process may be known by profuse perspiration on the patient's face. The person should be washed well in warm or tepid water. The sweating process must be used with great care, and the constitution of the patient must he considered. M. Pries- snitz, of Silesia, practiced and recommended the cold bath immediately afterwaids. " Strange as it may appear to many," says Dr. Graham, "I consider tlie determination towards tlie skin, induced by the per- spiring blankets, to be a great advantage, prior to the use of the cold bath; because the internal organs are thereby relieved, and the shock has quite a different effect on them from what it would have if they were not first soothed, and the skin relieved." By this process internal diseases are often brought to the surface, and pass away ; the nervous system is wonaerfuUy strengthened ; and fikin diseases are annihilated. The sweating contains moibid matter. M. Priessnitz justly remarks : " Covered and swaddled with clothes, in our darkness we do net see that if the corrupt and dirty matter from daily insensible i^erspiia- tion, or from sensible sweating, is not carefully cleared from the skin by washing, it must increase and attach itself to the skin, close the pores, and obstruct the excretion so indispensable to health, and must inevitably, from such evil tendency, at last produce disease. We relax and debilitate the skin, by dressing so warmly during the day, ant' sleeping on feather beds at night, or by washing ourselves with warm water. The Cold Bath. — Do not bathe soon after walking. During the bathing immerse the head several times in cold water. Keep in motion during the time. Priessnitz advises his patients to avoid the second sensation of cold, which is a sort of fever, by leaving the bath before it is felt, that they maj^ avoid a too powerful re-action provoked by a great subtraction of heat. Take a glass or two of water immediately after the bath. The DorcHK Bath is very efficacious in extracting the morbid humors from all the parts they have seized upon for years. In long J^ip*ndix i» Medical Department. 341 ♦ontinued complaints the douche is a most powerful remedial agent. It removes the weakness of the skin, and strengthens it. It renders tiie body hardy, and fortifies it to endure all changes of the air. It powei- fuUy excites tlie muscular and nervous systems. Tlie Douche Batli is a stream of falling water as thick as the wrist, and permitted to fall on the diseased parts of the body, which it benefits and strengthens. Tlie ■water should fall from 12 to 18 feet. The Etk Bath is a glass instrument made to tit the eye, so as t()| apply cold water, the eye being opened at the same time. The Finger Bath is used for Whitlows, etc. Place the fingei* in a glass of water, four times a day for a quarter of an hour each time; and the elbow in water twice a day, and put on a heatingband- age above the elbow, to draw the inflammation from the hand. The Foot Bath is used when the doctors would order warm baths. Thus headaches, toothaches, eye-inflammation, and a flow of blood to the head, are always relieved by the foot bath, with the addi- tion of wet bandages on the parts affected. But the foot-tub should not contain more than from two to four inches depth of water, just snough to cover the foot, not the ankles; for toothache an inch is enough, and the time from 15 to 30 minutes. For sprains the water must be up to the ankles. The water to be changed as soon as it feels warm. Afterwards apply friction, or walk out, to restore the warmth. Dr. Graham says, "lean recommend the foot-bath, with confidence, in determination of blood to the head, in headache, in affections of the eyes, and in habitual coldness of the feet." The Head Bath is a vessel with a few inches of water for bath- ingthe back part of the head, to cure its rheumatic pains, common hea daches, rheumatic inflammation of the eyes, deafness, loss of appetite, delirium tremens, giddiness of the head, and to prevent apo- plesxy. It often causes bad morbiflc matter to exude from behind the ear. The SiTZ or Sitting Bath is a small shallow tub 18 inches in diameter, with water 3 or 4 inches deep, in which the patient sits, with ais feet on the ground, for 15 minutes or more, two or three times a iay. It wonderfully strengthens the nerves, draws down humors from the head and chest, relieves flatulency, and has the most impor- tant results to those who lead a sedentary life". Use only 3 or 4 inches of water, as a larger quantity would remain cold, and perhaps cause congestion to the upper extremities; a wet bandage to the head will, however, prevent any congestion. Rub the abdomen as much as possible, while in the bath, with the wet hand. It is a most valuable bath. It is a remedy of great power in weak bowels, piles, congestion in the liver, chlorosis, and other female complaints; its value is little known. Cooling Bandages. — These are mostly used in inflammation, congestion of blood, headache, rheumatism, etc., and should always be accompanied by the sitz bath. Linen is first wetted in cold water, doubled in several folds, and placed on the parts affected; renew them as they get warm. Stimulating Bandages. — They are dipped in cold water, then well wrung out, then applied to the part atlected so as to exclude the external air; to effect this, an outside bandage is placed over the first, which retains and throws back the moisture. Heat is thus generated, and has an exciting and dissolving property, which stimulates perspira- tion- <»od draws out the vicious humors. For throat and chest com- [)ltui»*Y they aiionally, and poured over his head and shoulders. The wet sheet, (r bandage, is not unpleasant long; the patient gets warm almost directly ; but we must not regard inconven- ience or unpleasantness for a cure. Aie drugs, blisters, and leeches pleasant? But the application of cold water, in any way, relieves the skin, excites it, and disencumbers it of obstructions which close the orifices of the pores, a reaction of the whole system ensues, a heat be- ing created on the surface, 40 or 50 degrees above the usual tempera- ture of the body. The body imbibes a portion of the watei, which in conjunction with the heat newly caused, softens and dissolves the morbid humors, and assists in their exudation by the pores of the skin. Ablutions. — Where persons are very w eak, washing and rubbing the body must be done, in place of tlie bath or douche; and water may be poured over the heads of feverish patients, and rubbed on the shoulders and parts aftected If the patient be too weak to allow of this rubbing, a wet sheet is thrown over hin', c:i which the friction is applied. This is of great advantage in weak cases and young children. The ablutions are an essential, agreeable, and valuable portion of the cold water system. In trilling complaints, gout in its infancy, nervous irritability, or in weakness in the skin, ablutions, accompanied by drinking abundantlj' cold water are verj'^ often sulficient to establish health. Ablutions should be performed in the morning immediately on getting out of bed, before the body has become chilled, and the patient must afterwards take ejcercise in the open air. Fatigued per- Appendix to Medical Department. ^43 sons may try the wet sheet and rubbing, and they will speedily find the benefit of it. To use the wet sheet as an ablution, the patient stands up, and the servant Uings it over his head and body; rub the body well for five minutes, then take off the wet sheet, and put on adry one. This is a certain relief for fatigue and over-exertion. Cold Water Dkinkiwg.— The best time both for drinking cold witer and exercise is befoie breakfast. Then they both produce their 6««< effects; but the only general rule prescribea by Priessnitz is to drink cold water as much, and at all times, as it can be done without inconvenience. Water may be drank after breakfast, but the stomach must not be over-charged. At dinner also a few glasses may be taken to moisten the food; after that the stomach must be left to itself; and after the hipse of a few hours, we may go on drinking cold water u»til Bupper time. It may be taken after supper, but not so as to disturb the rest. Exercise, which is in itself a part of the curative process, ex- cites the beneficial actio.u of the water, and promotes the cure. The water should be fresh from the spring, -aud as cold as possible. Stoppers must be kept in the bottles and decanters which hold it, as the water \hen will preserve its coldness and freshness much longer. Advice. — Immediately on rising in the morning, rinse the mouth, »nd wash the teeth with cold water, then drink two or three glasses of spring water: after this, the whole body, especially the head, must be ;vashed. If a thickness in the throat be felt, gargle well, and rub the N>utside of the throat three or four times a day, with a cold wet hand; keep the water in the mouth until it becomes warm, then repeat it. This method is recommended for clearing and strengthening the throat. DaKDELION. — This very valuable plant is well known. It is diuretic, tonic, and aperient, and has a direct action in removing ob- jtructions of the liver, kidneys and other viscera. It is peculiarly v^aluable in all liver complaints, derangement of the digestive organs, and in dropsical affections. Had not this plant been so common and «o cheap, it would be prized like gold] An infusion or decoction may be made of the roots and leaves. But the extract is the best, thus pre- pared ; Take up the roots in September, clean them ; bruise in a mor- tar, and press out the juice; strain and put it upon a plate in a warm room to evaporate, and render it thick and solid. DosE. — From a scruple to a drachm three times a day. Dandelion has cured liver complaints when all other means have failed. " The more dandelion is used, the more certain proof will it afford of its utility." — Dr. J. Johnson. Dandelion Beer. — Dandelion root, % lb. to 1 gallon of water boil well and when cooled, new milk warm, add 1 lb. sugar, 1 oz. gin ger, a lemon, and 1 oz. cream of tartar. Add a little yeast. It is very good for the liver and digestion. Dandelion Coffee. — Good coffee, 3 parts; hard extract of dande- lion, 1 part; chickory, 1 part. Reduce them to a coarse powder, and mix, and grind them together. Good for the digestion and affections of the liver. DISCUTIENT OINTMENT.— Deadly night shade, bark of bitter- sweet root, Cicuta leaves, stramonium leaves, of each 3 ozs. ; lard 1 W lb. Bruise and simmer the roots in spirits; then add the lard, and simmer till the ingredients are crisp, and strain. A great disperser of scrofulous and glaudulor swellings. DIURETICS. — Medicines increasing the secretion of the urine. Diuretic Decoction. — Queen of the meadow, wild carrot root seed, spearmint, milkweed, dwarf elder, juniper-berries, of each, 2 ozi. 344 Appendix to Medical Department. Bruise, and boil a short time in two quarts of water, Very useful in gravel and dropsy. A cupful to be taken occasionally. Diuretic Drops. — Tincture of kino, % oz. ; balsam of copaiba, spirits of turpentine, of each 1 oz. ; sweet spirits of nitre, 2 ozs. ; queen of tlie meadow, 1 oz. Mix, and add one scr. of camphor. Take nearly a teaspoonful in umcilage. Most valuable for scalding urine, inflam- mation of tlie kidneys, etc. Diuretic lufusion.— Parsley seed, ^ oz. ; cleavers, % oz. ; bur. dock seeds, % oz. ; coolwort, % oz. ; spearmint, >^oz.; juniper berries, % oz.; linseed. % oz, ; gum arable, J^ oz. Pour upon these tw^o quarts of boiling water; infuse two or thiee hours, covering the vessel. Strain, and add )^ pint of best gin, 4 ozs. of honey and 3 tablespoon- fuls of slippery elm This is a most valuable diuretic; it is cooling and allays all urinary affections, gravel, scalding urine, and it causes an easy and sufficient flow of the same. Diuretic Pills.— Calcined magnesia, 1 dr.; solidified copaiba, 2 ozB.; extract of cubebs, 1 oz ; oilof turpentine, 4 drops; oil of juniper, 6 drops; form into 3 grain pills. Take one or two a few times a day K sovereign remedy for diseases of the kidneys, bladder, uretha, gravel whites, and venereal complaints. DOVER'S POWDERS.— Ipecacuanha, in powder, 1 dr. ; powdered opium, 1 dr.; powdered saltpetre, 1 oz. All well mixed. Dose.-- From 8 to 20 grains. DECOCTION OF SARSAPARILLA.— Take 4 ozs. of the root anu slice it down, put the slices into 4 pints of water, and simmer for foui iiours. Take out the sarsaparilla, and beat it into a mash ; put it into the liquor again, and boil down to two pints, then strain and cool th* liquor, Dose.— A wineglassful three times a day. Use. To purify the blood after a course of mercury ; or, indeed, whenever any taint i* given to the constution, vitiating the blood, and producing eruptiv* affections. DIAPHORETIC POWDER.— Ipecacuanha powder, 2 grs. ; puri fled opium, % gr ; nitrate of potass, or saltpetre, 10 grs. Take at bed time in a severe attack of influenza, or bronchitis, in gruel. Henbau* is preferable to opium. DT.^PEPTIC PliiL.— Colocynth, castile soap, gamboge, of each > ozs. ; socotrine aloes, 4 ozs. ; oil of cloves, 2 drs. : extract of gentian, ■• ozs. Mix and foi-m into pills. Most valuable for indigestion, and cleansing the stomach, and giving it tone. EXTRACTS— To Make.— Take of the plant, root, or leaves yov. wish to make the extract from, any quantity, add sufficient water, and boil them gradually, then pour oft" the water and add a second quantity repeat the process until all the virtue is extracted, then mix the several decoctions, and evaporate at as low a temperature as possible, to the consistence of an extract. Extracts are better made in a water-bath, and in close vessels, and for some very delicate a)'ticles, the evaporation may be carried on at a very low temperature, in a vacuum, by surround- ing the vessel with another containing sulphuric acid. Manufacturing druggists usually add to every seven pounds of extract, gum arable, 4 ozs. ; alcohol, 1 oz. ; olive oil, 1 oz. This mixture gives the extract a gloss, and keens it soft. EMETIC MIXTURE.— Ipecacuanha wine, % oz. ; water, 1 oz. ; simple syrup, % oz. Mix. For a child, 20 drops, or more, every quarter of an hour until vomiting ensues. An adult may take from half to one ounce^ EMETIC POWDER.— Ipecacuanha and lobelia, of each 1 oxb-. Appendix to Medical Department. 345 brood-root, 1 oz. Powder, and mix well. Take half a teaspoonful every twenty minutes till it operates. EXPECTORANT TINCTURE.— See "Anti-spasmodic Tincture," which is tlie same. FEMALE PLLL. — Aloes and lobelia, of each 1 dr. ; black cohosh, gum myrrh, tansy, unicorn root, of eacli 1 oz. ; cayenne, % oz. Mix, and form into pills witli solution of gum. These pills remove female obstructions, and are good for head aches, lowness of spirits, nervous- ness, and sallowness of the skin. Or, aloes, red oxide of iron, white turpentine, of each 1 oz. Mix. Melt the turpentine, and strain; mix well; form into pills with mucilage. Take two or three per day, FETER DRINKS.— The juice of the lemon, cream-of-tartar, 1 tea- spoonful; water, 1 pint. Sweeten with loaf sugar. When the patient is thirsty, let him drink fi-eely. FEBRIFUGES. — Medicines abating heat and fever. Febrifuge, — Take houseleek; place in a coarse cloth, and squeeze out til e juice, and strain; to 1 lb. of wbich add 1 lb. of loaf sugar; simmer a short time to form a syrup. Give a tablespoonful every two hours. In fevers this acts like magic, — in all kinds of fever. GREGORY'S POWDER.— A prescription of tlie celebrated Dr. James Gregory, of Edinburgh. The Doctor was in tlie habit of fre- quently using "it himself, and prescribing it so largely for his patients, that in time every chemist's shop in Scotland prepared it for the use of the public. It is a very excellent stomachic, antacid, and carminative, and may be given witli equal confidence to children as to adults. Gregory's powder is made by mixing intimately, in a wedgwood mortar. 1 oz, or part of powdered Jamaica ginger, 2 ozs. or parts of powdered rhubarb, and 6 ozs. or parts of calcined magnesia. The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, in a little plain or peppermint water, two or three times a day. GREEN OINTME .T. — One ounce each chickweed, tansy, worm- wood, horehound, hops, and a pinch of salt, finely powdered. Bruise, put into a kettle, cover over with Jard and some spirits of wine. Infuse a week or two, and then simmer a little over the fire. Add from 8 to 12 ozs. of venice turpentine. This salve is very healing, applied to wounds, sores, and ulcers. It is useful in contusions, sprains, swelliiigs, etc. HOUSELEEK.— An excellent plant, so called from growing most frequently on the roofs of cottages. It is used as a coolins: application to sores, ulcers, etc. The juice mixed witli cream is good for inflammation of the eyes, and erysipelas. Taken inwardly it is good for fevers, cooling them down wonderfully. First give a purgatice to clca71.se the st. mack and boiveh; then bi'tiise the houseleek; adding to the juice its weigfit in fine sugar to form a syrup. A tablespoonful every two hours. Drink balm or catnip tea. This receipt is, worth gold. SENGREEN— Sempervivum Tectorum.- The common houseleek. This is one of the most popular of our native plants among the people and one whicli, from our experience, we can recommend especially as an external remedy to painful bruises and contusions,- the fresh roots or stems being scraped and applied, with all their moisture, to tlie injury. In cases of dimness of sight, the juice of the plant dropped into the eye is said to effect remarkable' benelit. It is, however, as an external application to ill-conditioned sores and ulcers, to abrasions, eruptions, such as shingles, and contused wounds, that we regard seu- green as a most valuable reiaedy. 346 Appendix to Medical £>epariMifit. LIME LINIMENT. — Liuseed or common olive oil and lime-watel", equal parts, to be well sliaken before using, is good for scrofulous or other sores, and still more for burns or scalds. LIME WATER. — Put unslacked lime into a tub; cover it with pure water; stir often for one day; then strain off the water, and keep for use. It is an anti-acid tonic, kills worms, and frees the bowels from slimy and morbific matter. It promotes digestion; it is valuable in looseness, scrofula, diabetes, and whites. Mixed with a decoction of Peruvian bark, it wonderfully strengthens the debilitated, and those threatened with atrophy. LOBELIA. — An American plant, containing most valuable medical properties. It was first used with great advantage, as an emetic, by the American Indians, and was brought into notoriety by Dr. Samuel Thompson. It is emetic and stimulating, and Dr. Beech says, "from its action on the great sympathetic nerve, its effect is felt throughout the whole system. It exerts a peculiar action upon the trachea and bronchial vessels, expelling all collected mucus." It must therefore be very valuable in asthma, croup, whooping cough, consumption. The greatest benefit from it has been found in d3'^spepia, coughs, asthma, liver complaints, etc., It has relieved asthmatic subjects when on the point of suffocation by accumulated phlegm, cough, etc. Also in pneumonia of infants. It is a valuable sudorific; it relaxes the constricted pores of the skin, and promotes free perspiration. The leaves, seeds, and seed- vessels may be given io powder, and tincture. Dose of the powder, from a drackm, or a small teaspoonful; of the tinctui-e, a teaspoonful. LOGWOOD — An Anti/septic— Dr. Destnartis, in a paper to the Academy of Sciences, announces that Campeachy Logwood (Hoema- toxyluni Campeachianum) po.a-sesses the saine valuable quality, and iu a much liigher degree, than coal, tar, and plaster, or creasote, which have hitherto been esteemed as the best antiseptics. The fact was discovered by accident. Dr. Desmnrtis had seA'eral cancerous patients under his care, all presenting large ulcei'ous sores, emitting a most nauseous smell. An astringent bemg considered expedient, a poma- tum composed of equal parts of extract of logwood and hog's lard, was applied to those sores, whereupon, to the Doctor's surprise, the feior dis- appeared completely, and the emission of pus was considerably atten- uated. To completg the evidenci', he suspended the use of the poma- tum for a few hours only, when the offensive emanations immediately recommenced, and the purulent secretion became again abundant. Logwood causes gangrene to disappear as if by enchantment, especially that of hospitals. He has also found it efficacious in preventing or stopping erysipelas, which often occurs after amputation, or the inflic- tion of other wounds, and is a source of constant anxiety to the sur- geon. It entirely removes the putridity of ulcerous cancers, emitting characteristic effluvia, smd in short, of the most fetid sores. This sub- stance also possesses the advantage of being capable of mixture with hoemostatic medicines, (designed to arrest spitting of blood, etc.,) such as ergotine, perchloride of iron, persulphate of iron, etc. ; it may also be used as powder and a lotion. The extract of logwood, which is much used in dyeing and is very cheap, is only soluble in warm water. See " Robinson's Herbal." HERBS. — They make the best medicines and the completest cures. Herbs— For Dyspepsia or Indigrestion.— Camomile, agrimony^ b«touy, thistle (blessed), carraway seed, sweet flag, fennel, garlic, I Appendix to Medical Department. 347 ^orehouiul, hyssop, lavender, masterwort (the root), mint, mustard seed, penneyroyal, horse radish, rue, wormwood. Decoctions of the above are made by pouring boiling water on them. A little should be taken in the morning fasting. For Purging' the Bowels, — Class l. The powerful are the follow- ing: common dock, hellebore, (white), in doses not exceeding four grains: black hellebore, from two to five grains; marshmallow leaf decoction, and mountain flax. Cla«8 2. More moderate; buckthorn berry, broom, and dandelion. For Worms. — Bear's-foot, cowhage, camomile, garlic, fern root, savin, and wormwood. Astringents. — Those which serve to correct excessive discharges. Logwood, red roses, sage, and tormentil root. Carminatives. — Those herbs which allay pain, or dispel wind from the stomach; anise-seed, oaraway seed, peppermint, spearmint, ginger, •md dill root. Demulcents. — Tliose herbs which soften, or which lessen acrimony, •rtlie effects of stimulus on the solids; as, colt's-foot, liver-wort, mal- 'ows, liquorice root, conifrey etc. Diaphoretics. — Those which promote perspiration ; burdock, ,*ent:iury, bay tree, betony, balm, germander, lovage, and rue. Tonics. — Those which give strength and vigor to the body ; bistort, balm, bog-bean, camomile, centaury (lesser), logwood, gentian, southernwood, tansy, tormentil, valerian, and wormwood. To Heal Ulcers. — Adder's tongue, agriraonj^ archangel, arse- smart, cuckoo pint, blue bottle, bui-dock, bryony, soapwort, celandine, centuarj', chickweed, cinquefoil, comfrey root, mugwort, cudweed, tlog grass, water dock, tigwort, flux-weed, foxglove, glasswort, ground ivy, ground pine, tormentil, tansj^ bugle, scurvy grass, and night- shade. Either made into ointments, with hog's-lard, or washes made of them, and daily applied to the parts. To Purify tlie Blood. — Agrimony, borage, burdock (sea,) chick- weed, chervil, fennel, tir tree, fumitory, gaiden cresses, wild water creases, ground pine, hops, maiden haii-, sorrel and tansy. Made into decoctions with hot water, and taken every morning. OINTMENT — For Eruptions. — Simmer ox-marrow over the fire, add a little salt, and a teaspoonful of bandy. Strain. When cold rub the part affected. PENNTROTAL.— This plant is perennial. It flowers in August and September. It is warm, pungent, aromatic, stimulating, and diaphoretic; like spearmint, but not so agreeable. It contains a volatile oil which is obtained by distillation. The infusion is warming to the stomach, and allays sickness. It relieves spasms, hysterics, flatulency, and colic, and promotes expectoration in dry consumptive coughs. It promotes perspiration, and is most valuable in obstruction ©f the menses. Pennyroyal water. — Pennyroyal leaves, dry, \% lbs.; water, from 1 J^ to 2 gallons. Draw off by distillation, one gallon. It is a specific remedy for female obstructions. It is good for gout, rubbing the parts with it till they are red; and if salt be added, it is good for the side ill liver complaints. It is very warming to the stomach, produces perspiration, and therefore is good for coughs, asthma, etc. An infusion of the herb in hot water is nearly as good. PUUiO^ARY BALSAM.— Horehound, (plant) comfrey-root, blood-rooi. elecauipane-root, wild cherry bark, spikenard-root, penny- 23 348 Appendix to Medical Department. royal, (plant) of each, 4ozs. Pour Squartsofboilingwaterupon them-, infuse for 3 hours; then heat the water again; and pour it upon the plants to infuse 5 or 6 hours. Sweeten with sugar candy. It is very serviceable in diseases of the lungs, clironic coughs; it removes con- striction of the chest, by promoting expectoration. Take half a small tea-cupful three or four times a day. PULMONARY COMPLAINTS.— It is said that the tender shoots of Scotch fir, peeled and eaten fasting early in the morning in the woods, when the weather is dry, has performed many cures of pulmonary complaints among the Hi'ghlandeis in Scotland. PULMONARY SYRUP.— Blood -root, boneset, slippery elm bark, coltsfoot, elecampane, of each, 2 ozs. ; white root, spikenard root, of each, 4 ozs.; comfrey-root, poplar bark, of each, 1 oz. ; lobelia, hore- hound, snake-root of each, H oz. Pour upon them 2 quarts of boil- ing water; stir well; add 1 lb. of molasses, and when cool, 1 quart of Hollands gin. It is one of the best remedies for asthma, coughs, hoarseness, etc. A tablespoonful every hour; or a wine-glassful three times a day. INHALATION. — The process of drawing into the lungs the f umw and aroma of certain drugs and fluids, from an apparatus contrived tb» the purpose. The substances gen- erally used for this purpose are vinegar, camphor, benzoin, ether, and cliloroform, the two latter be- ing used as anaesthetic agents, to blunt the sense of pain or produce insensibility, and are inhaled by an apparatus specially adapted foi the purpose; the others are gene- rally thrown into boiling water, and the watery fumes, charged with the medicament employed, are inhaled through a tube. Great relief is often found in congestive asthma from inhalation of steam or smoke; for this pur- pose an inhaler, such as the one represented in the accompanying cut, should be half filled with boil- ing water m ixed with about a dessert spoonful of strong ascetic acid or half a drachm of sulphuric ether or a few diops of creosote, which be- ing poured on the hot water and the lid firmlysecured, the patient is to adjust the mouthpiece to bis lips, and slowly inhale the impiegnated vapor that rises tiirough the tube, retaining the steam as long as convenient in the mouth. Whichever article is used for the inhalation, the quantity employed should be steadily increased, and the operation always commenced with a small dose. Inlialatiun of the steam of plain warm water, sage or balm tea, or a decoction of canioniiles, and poppy-heads, poured into the in- haler, will often aff^i id very great relief, and more particularly when ueed alternately with ;.ny of the above articles — acetic acid, ether, etc. POULTICES.— Tliese external rids to the surgeon form a serii»sof most valuable agents, i.ot only in the treatment of local disease nod injuries, but as grateful emollients and sedatives, often of the greatest Appendix to Medical Department. 349 benefit and comfort to the patient. Poultices are of five kinds, — the simple warm emollient, the sedative, the stimulating, the blistering, and the corrective or antiseptic poultice. Warm Emollieut Poultices.— The great object desired in all the poultices belonging to this class is warmth, steadily and evenly applied; and as there is peally no virtue in any article used for the purpose, that substance or material makes the hed poultice which will maintain, for tlie longest period, heat on the part; the sovereign quality of all these' poultices residing solely in the warmth applied. Of all articles suited for an emollient poultice, the apongio-pUine is the best. This material, made of shreds of sponge and felt woven together on a ground of Indian rubber, can be procured in pieces of any length or size, and meiely requires its pile or loose surface to be soal^ in hot water, squeezed to discharge the excess of moisture, and applied face down- ward on the part, the Impervious nature of the upper surface prevent- ing the escape of the heat by evaporation. A" piece of oiled skin applied over all will still further secure the heat. Evaporation may be entirely prevented by previously cutting the pile away from the edges in such a manner, that, when Secured, the India rubber coating shall overlap and shut in the part covered. Bread and Water. — This kind of poultice is too often made in a manner at variance with all the known laws of evaporation, either by pouring hot water on crumbs of bread, or on pieces of bread, and tlien breaking them down with a spoon or a fork. The proper method of making such a poultice is to cut a slice of bread from a loaf, abou' half an inch thick, remove all the crust and hard edges without crack- ing the crumb, which, with a sharp knife, should be squared to the size required. The piece is next to be placed in the middle of a slip of muslin laid in a soup plate, then carefully covered with hot water, the rest of the muslin laid over the top, and another plate placed over all to keep in the heat for the space of two or three minutes, till every part of the bread has become charged or swollen by the water, which is to be poured off by taking up the two plates together, when a small 1 mount of pressure will expel the excess of water without breaking the poultice, which is then to be carefully lifted by the ends of the muslin which encloses it, and laid on the part, a piece of oiled skin and a bandage being added to keep in the heat and secure it in its place. Liuseed Meal. — This substance, from the quantity of gum and oil it contains, makes an excellently soft and agreeable poultice, the for- mer serving to retain the heat a long time, and the latter to keep the sui-face soft. As much meal as is requisite is to be put in a basin, a hole made in the centre with a spoon, and as much" hot water as may be deemed necessary poured at once into it ; the whole is then to be quickly and carefully stirred till a smooth and intimately mixed mass of the consistency of porridge is obtained. Should too little water be used, the mass will be hard and lumpy, and cause much delay and trouble in the amalgamation of the water subsequently added, whereas if the quantity is rightly guessed at first, the poultice will be of one uniform consistency. It is then to be spread about an inch thick on linen or flannel, its surface greased with a little lard, and laid on the part. Flour and Oatmeal Poaltices are made in the same way, only they require to be more largely greased than the linseed meal, to prevent their stickiiig to the skin when removed. N. B. — ^In making all these poultice* th« water should be nearly 35 o Appendix to Medical Department. boiliDg, to allow for the loss of the heat during the time of their prep- aration, so that when applied they may be as warm as the patient can bear them without inconvenience. The objects for which all the above forms of poultice are em- ployed are, tirst, to soften and relax the cuticle; secondly, by the warmth to soothe the part and afford ease; and thirdly, by the contin- ued heat to mature abscesses, or wliat is popularly known as drawing an abscess to a head, heat havin"^ the property of facilitating the cliange of tlie effused blood into pus, when it is desirable to effect that change. Sedatire Poultices. — The object for which poultices of this class are chiefly used is to subdue pain of a local character, as in sprains, bruises, contusions, or accidents generally. Poultices of this nature are usually made by preparing a strong decoction of camomile flowers, or camomiles and poppy-heads, and then filling a small bag with cam- omile flowers, and after soaking it in the hot decoction, applying it to the joint or part affected, and repeating the application as soon as it has become cold ; or a thick slice of bread may be enclosed in a bag, and immersed in the same maimer in the hot decoction; or crumbs ot tread, linseed meal, or oatmeal, may be used in tlie same way, by first makmg them into a paste. The first plan, however, is the simiilest and the cleanest mode of using this kind of poultice. Hemlock and monkshood are also occasionally used for the same purpose, the lierbs being first boiled in water, and the hot liquor absorbed by bread or Linseed meal as above, and applied either in a bag or oetween folds of iinen. An opium poultice may be employed in the same way, by pre- viously dissolving the solid opium in boiling water. Stimulating Poultices — Are employed in case& of rheumatism, paralysis, lumbago, and chronic affections of the joints, their object being to excite a healthier action in the part, and, by a species of mild counter irritation, produce a beneficial change. Sometimes they are used to rouse a patient in a case of letiinrgy, and draw the blood from some internal organ. Stimulating poultices are usually made with a mixture of mu-tard and flour, in proportions according to the stimu- lating effect desired; thus, one table-spoon of mustard with three of flour, mixed together before being wetted with hot or cold water, or else one spoon of musfard to two of flour, or equal parts, which is the strongest form in wliicli this kind of poultice is used. Sometnnes, to add to the stimuhiting properties of this poultice, a strong infusion of liorseradish is employed instead of water for the purpose of mixing the mustard and flour into a paste. These poultices should be spread on a flannel, and where the skin is very sensitive, a piece of thin mus- lin may be interposed between the poultice and the cuticle. Tiie time that a mustard poultice should be retained must depend upon the strength of the poultice itself, and the object for wliich it is employed; from ten to forty minutes, however, may be legarded as the extreme points of duration. Carrots are occasionally used as stimuhiting poul- tices to ulcerating suifaces, but tlieir elficacy is very questionable. Blistering Poultices. — Mustard is the only article employed for this purpose, and then the nmstard is used simply with water, and without flour; it should be made thick, spread on flannel, have its sur- face covered with fine muslin, and tlien applied to the skin. Some medical men mix euphorbium powder with the mustard, to increase its blistering properties, but tliis addition is seklouf required. A mustard plaster generally requires about fifteen minutes to rise, and should be T'smoved directly the vesication takes place; the blister is then cut, Appendix to Medical Department. 351 *nd dressed first with a warm poultice, and lastly with vioiet powder. Corrective Poultices. — The purpose for wh'icli this class of poul- tices is euiployed, is to destroy the fetid odor of foul ulcers, ill-condi- tioned sores, and f-o change the character of the granulations, or of the discharge v\ iiich exudes from them. The articles chiefly used for this ■3ud are yeast, charcoal, chloride of lime, and alum. Yeast Poultice. —This maj' be made in several ways. First, by mixing one or two table-spoons of yeast with the same amount of flour, | lud then adding enough hot water to make tlie whole into a smooth |iavhen such are necessary, they are niade in the same way as the hot l)read poultice, oulj^ substituting cold water; and when cold astringent poultices are required, all tliat is necessary is to soak the bread in a *ohitioi^ of alum, and apply it cold as often as the poultice becomes ^arm from contact witli the flesh. Poultice. — Take 4 o/s. of crumbs of bread, a pinch of elder flow- 'iPs, and camomile; boil tliem in equal quantities of vinegar and water. Or, take linseed flour, and the dregs of ale or porter barrels, slightly boiled. It always keeps soft from tlie oiliness of the linseed, and the yeasty deposit of the malt liquor is both cooling and sweetening. Poultices are designed to soften and relax any swelling, and allay pain and inflammation, to ripen tumors or swellings, and to cleanse inflamed and gangrenous sores, ulcers, etc. Always remove a poultice when it becomes dry; the place must be well washed in warm lye water, and a fresh poultice applied. Tht best poultice for every purpose is the slippery elm bark ; it may be made with warm milk and water, or with soap-lye. If tincture of myrrh be added, it is valuable in boils, ulcers, carbuncles, etc. Poultice for a Fester. — Boil bread in lees of strong beer; apply the poultice in the general manner. This has saved many a limb from amputation. Mow to Make a Mustard Plaster.— How many pisople are there who really know how to make a mustard plaster? Not one in a hun- dred, at morit, perhaps, and yet mustai-d plasters are used in every family, and physicians prescribe their application, never telling any- b(xlv how to make them, for the simple reason that doctors themselves do not know, as a rule. The ordinary way is to mix the mustard with water, tenvDering it with a little flour, but such a plaster as that makes it simply abominable. Before it has half done its work it begins to 35 2 Appendix to Medical Department. blister the patient, and leaves him finally with a painful, flayed ^pct. after having produced far less effect in a beneficial way than was in tended. Now a mustard plaster should never make a blister at all. If a blister is wanted, there are other plasters fur better than mustard for the purpose. When you make a mustard plaster, then, use no water whatever, but mix the mustard with the white of an egg, and the result will be a plaster which will "draw" perfectly, but will not produce a blister even upon the skin of an infant, no matter how long It is allowed to remain upon the part. For this we have the word of an old and eminent physician, as well as our own experience. Poultices — Are usually made of linseed meal, oatmeal, or bread, either combined with water or other fluids ; sometimes they are made of carrots, charcoal, potatoes, yeast, and linseed meal, mustard, etc., but the best and most economical kind of poultice is a fabric made of sponge and wool felted together, and backed by Indian rubber. It is called "Markwick's Patent Spongio-Piline." The method of using this poultice is as follows : A piece of the material of the required form and size is cut off, and the edges are pared or beveled off with a pair of scissors, so that the caoutchouc may come in contact with thf surrounding skin, in order to prevent evaporation of the fluid used: for, as it only forms the vehicle, we can employ the various poultices generally used with much less expenditure of time and money, an(? increased cleanliness. For example: a vinegar poultice is made b'^ moistening the fabric with distilled vinegar ; an alum pooltice, by using a strong solution of alum ; a charcoal poultice, by sprinkling powderec* charcoal on the moistened surface of the material ; a i/east poultice by using warmed yeast, and moistening the fabric with hot water which is to be well squeezed out previous to the absorption of th» yeast; a beer poultice, by employing warm porter-dregs or strong bee as the fluid ; and a carrot poultice, by using the expressed and evap orated liquor of boiled carrots. The material costs about one farthinji a square inch, and may be obtained of the chemist. As a fomentatioi. it is most invaluable, and by moistening the material with compounr^ camphor liniment or hartshorn, it acts tlie same as a mustard poul tice. Full directions will, no doubt, be supplied to those who puv chase the material, if inquired for. POWDER, Aperient.— Take of the best Turkey rhubarb, cinna mon, and fine sugar, 2 drs. of each. Let the ingredients be pounded and afterwards mixed well together. When flatulence is accompanied with costiveness. a tea-spoon o> this powder may be taken once or twice a day, according to circum- stances. Powder, Carminative. — Take of coriander seeds, }4 o^- 5 ginger, 1 dr.; nutmegs, % di'- ; fine sugar, \}4 drs. ; reduce them into powder for 12 doses. This powder is emploj'ed for expelling flatulency, arising from indigestion. It may be given in small quantities to children, in theii food, when troubled with gripes. Powder, Saline Laxative. — Take of soluble tartar, and cream- of -tartar, 1 dr. of each ; purified nitre, 3^ dr. Make them into a pow- der. In fevers and other inflammatory disorders, where it is necessary to keep the body gently open, one of these cooling laxative powders raav be taken in a little gruel, and repeated occasionally. ' Powder, Steel.— Take filings of steel, and loaf sugar. 2 ozs. ,f each; ginger, 2 drs. Pound them together. Afpendix to Medical Department. 353 In obfitmctions of the menses, and other cases where steel is proper, a tea-spoon of this powder may be taken twice a day, and Washed down with wine or water. Powder, Sudorifle. — Take purified nitre, and ritriolated tartar, \^ oz. of each; opium, and ipecacuanha, 1 dr. of each. Mix the in- gredients, and reduce them to a fine powder. This is known by the name of Dover's powder. It is a powerful sudorific. In obstinate rheumatism, and other cases where it is neces-^ sary to excite a copious sweat, this powder may be administered in the! dose of a scruple, or half a drachm, accompanied with copious draughts! of warm, diluting liquor. Powder, Worm. — Take of tin, reduced into a fine powder, 1 oz. ; Ethiop's mineral. 2 drs. Mix well together, and divide into six doses. One of these powders may be taken in a little syrup, honey, or molas- ses, twice a day. Then the following anthelmintic powder will be proper : Powdered rhubarb, 1 scr. ; scamraony, and calomel, 5grs. of each. Rub them in a mortar for one dose. For children, the above doses must be lessened according to their age. If the powder of tin be gven alone, its dose may be considerably increased. PREGNANCY— A Good Medicine For.— Cinnamon water, 1 oz. ; tincture of rhubarb, 2 drs.; compound spirits of lavender, ^ dr. ; syrup of saffron, 1 dr. To be taken occasionally in the middle of the day. RESTORATITE WINE BIITERS.— Quassia, % oz. ; golden seal, 2 drs. ; bitter-root, 2 drs. ; cayenne pepper, 3 drs. ; wliitewood bark, 2 drs. Bruise all, and add 1 pt. of Holland gin, and 2 qts. of wine. A less quantity may be made. Dose. — A table-spoon or two, twice a day. Remarkably useful in indigestion. Another, by Dr. Tliompson. — Balmony bark, 1 part; poplar bark, 5 parts. Boil in water suflicient to strain from one pound 1% gals, of water, to which add sugar, 3)^ lbs. ; nerve powder, 1\4. ozs. ; while hot, strain, and add best Malaga wine, 33^ gals. ; tincture of meadow-fern, I qt. ; prickly-ash seeds, 1 qt. A less quantity may be made. Dose. —From half to a wine-glass, twice a day. These bitters are priceless. They are sure to correct the bile, and cre.-ite an appetite, by giving tone to the digestive powers, and may be freely used, both as a restorative, and as a preventive of disease. STIMULATING LINIMENT.— Cayenne, 1>^ ozs. ; salt, 1 table- spoon ; spirits of wine, 2 ozs. ; camphor, }4 oz. ; spirits of turpentine, ^ pt. Bottle, and shake now and then during one day. Then add }4 pt. of vinegar. It is excellent for sponging the body in cases of pain, debility, inflammation, rheumatism, gout, sore throat, numbness, neu- ralgia, etc. SALINE MIXTURE.— Take of crystalized acid of lemon, 1 dr., or fresh lemon juice, 1% ozs. ; salt of wormwood, 1 dr. ; white sugar, 3 drs. ; pure water, 12 ozs. ; essence of peppermint, 30 drops. Mix. A tea-cup to be taken often in inflammatory fevers and .sore throat. SWEATING DROPS.— Take of camphor, safl"ron, ipecacuanha, opium, Virginian snake-root, >^ oz. each; Holland gin, 1>^ pts. In- fuse two or three days. A wonderfully efficacious cure for fever and ague, after suitable evacuants. Dr. Beach says: "I find this the best medicine for fever and ague of any with which I am acquainted. In two cases this tinc- ture removed the paroxysms where other remedies failed ; one patient had been under homeopathic treatment for many months." 354 Appendix to Medtcai Department. SUDORIFICS. — Medicines causing tnuch perspiration. Sudorific, or Fever Powder.— Crawley root, 1 oz. ; lobelia Jierb, '% oz. . pleurisy root, 1 oz ; skunk cabbao^e, ^^ oz. Powder, and mix tiiem together. Dose. — From a quarter to half a tea-spoon every 13^ hours, till perspiration is produced. It may be given in balm or com- mon tea. In fevers, inflammations, influenza, and colds, this powder is in- valuable. It subdues irritation, corrects the pulse, improves respira- tion, and promotes sound, natural sleep. It is sui-e, if properly admin istered, to arrest a fever. Keep it in a bottle, well corked. SLIPPERY ELM BARK.— This tree, ulmm fulva, is a native of Ihis country. The powdered bark is now extensively sold and used. It is used as an article of diet for invalids, on account of its soothing and nutritious properties. Milk thickened with it makes ex- cellent food for infants, for dyspeptic and consumptive patients ; it subdues inflammation, and agreeably calms the system. According to the celebrated Dr. Beach, it is " demulcent, pectoral diuretic, deobstruent, emollient, and refrigerant, useful in all bowe) complaints, in scurvy, cutaneous eruptions, etc. In the form of a poultice, it is an admirable remedy (far exceeding any other knowii production in the world) for ulcers, tumors, swellings, wounds, chil blains, burns, scalds, skin diseases, erysipelas, obstinate ulcers, scabs etc ; and in sore moutli, or thrush, etc., used as a wash.'' It quicklv allays inflammation, promotes resolution and supjiuration. The tea is much used by the Indian women to procuie easy labor. In point of utility, it is of far more value than its weight in gold. It has rapidlj* come into use as an invaluable medical agent. As an ingredient in injections, it is most valuable, healing, sooth ing. and preventing any painful sensations. It may be obtained at the vendors of botanic medicines. TEMPERAME.NT. — This is a term used oy physiologists to distin. guish a peculiar organization of thfe system common to certain groups of individuals, and which serves to define one individual or groujj from another. Physicians generally recognize four temperaments : The Saaguiue — Characterized by plumpness of body, with toler- able firmness of the flesh; the hair is red, or of a ligiit chestnut, the eyes blue, and the complexion fair and florid, with a soft, thin skin. Such persons have large blood-vessels, an active circulation, and a full, quick pulse; the body is active, thvi countenance animated, the passions excitable, and the mind volatile but unsteady. The Phlegmatic— Is distinguished by a round body, soft muscles, fullness of the cellular tissue; the hair is fair, the eyes liglit blue or gray, and the skin pallid. The blood-vessels are small, the circulation languid, and the pulse slow. All the functions, mentally and bodily, are torpid. The Bilious. — This temperament is defined by a moderate fullness of body, with firm, hard flesh, and strongly defined outlines of per- son. Tlie hair is black, the eyes and complexion dark, the pulse is full, firm, and of moderate quickness, and there is great energy botli in body and mind; and, in conclusion, the features are strongly marked, bold, and prominent. The Nervous. — This is characterized by a small, sjiare frame, slight muscular develoimient, quick, impulsive movements, i)ar,kl countenance, and delicate health. The puls-e is small and (]nick, a.id i":i.-;ily excited by mental emotions or nervous impressions; the wli->-e nervous system is active, the senses acute and keen, the tliou^h*^ qick, and the imagination lively. Appetfdix to Medical jOepartment. 355 Though these temperaments are seldom found occurring in a pure f^r^»l, they are sufficiently defined to be easily recognized; they, how- ever, supply ud with tlie following general facts, namely, that the mnguino temperament is most liable to acute inflammatory diseases, thepMcgmndc to scrofulous complaints, the bilious to affections of the liver and the diifestive organs, »md the nervous to mental disorders and diseases of the nervous sysicm generally. YELLOW DOCK.— This phjit is well known. The leaves are* boiled and eaten. It is modeiately astringent, and rather purgative.; It is very appropriate for scrofulouiscoiiiplaiiits. In bilious complaints, internal heat, hectic fever, palpitation jf the heart, piles, cutaneous eruptions, etc., it is most valuable. The root may be given in decoction. A poultice of it is very good to discuss all indolent swellings. Made i.iio an ointment, it is good for tetter, Vingworm, etc. TERMS USED TO EXPRESS THE PROPERTIES OF MEDI- OINES. — Absorbeuts — Are medicines which destroy acidities in the tomacli and bowels, such as magnesia, prepared chalk, etc. Altoratiyes— .\re medicines which restore health to the constitu- 'ion, without producing any sensible efffect, such as sarsaparilla, sul- thur, etc. Analeptics — Are medicines that restore the strength wliich has leen lost by sickness, such as gentian, brrk, etc Anodynes — Are medicines which relieve pain, and they are divided into three kinds: sedatives, hi/p.iotics, and narcotics (see these terms); mmphor is anodyne as well as narcotic. Antacids — Are medicines which destroy acidity, such as lime, aagnesia, soda, etc. Antaikalies — Are medicines given to neutralize alkalies in the •yatem, such as citric, nitric, or sulphuiic acids, etc. Aiithelmiutics — Are medicineo used to expel and destroy worms /rom the stomach and intestines, such as turpentine, cowhage, male fern, etc. Anlibilious — Are medicines which are useful in bilious affections, »uich as calomel, etc. Antirheumatics— Are medicines used for the cure of rheumatism, iuch as colchicum, iodide of potash, etc. Antiscorbutics— Are medicines against scui-vy, such as citric acid, etc. Antiseptics — Are substances used to correct putrefaction, such as bark, camplior, charcoal, vinegar, and creosote. Antispasmodics— Are medicines which possess the power of over- coming spasms of the muscles, or allaying severe pain from any cause unconnected with inflammation, such as valerian, ammonia, opium, &nd camphor. , , Aperients- Are medicines which move the bo-wels gently, such as rhubarb, manna, and gray powder. Aromatics— Are cortlial, spicy, and agreeably flavon-ed medicines, euch as cardamoms, cinnamon, etc. Astringents— Are medicines which contract the fibres 01 the body, diminish excessive discharges, and act indin-ctly as tonics, such as oak bark, galls, etc. , . ^, .i 1 Attenuauls— Are medicines which are supposed to thin the blood, such as ammoniated iron, etc. . , . , , , -r, Balsaiuics— Are medicines of a soothing kind, such as tolu, Peru- «»iatt balsam, etc. 35^ Appetidix to Medicai Departtf^eni. Carniinatires — Are medicines which allay pain in the stomacl And bowels, and expel flatulence, such as anise-seed water, etc. Cathartics — Are strong purgative medicines, such as jalap, etc. Cordials— Are exhilarating and warming medicines, such as aro- matic confection, etc. Corroborants — Are medicines and food which increase the strength, such as iron, gentian, meat, and wine. Demulcents — Correct acrimony, diminish irritation, and soften parts by covering their surfaces with a mild and viscid matter, such as linseed tea, gum, mucilage, honey, and marshmallow. Deobstruents — Are medicines which remove obstructions, such as iodide of potash, etc. Detergents — Clean the surfaces over which they pass, such as soap, etc. Diaphoretics — Produce perspiration, such as tartrate of antimony, James's powder, and camphor. Digestires — Are remedies applied to ulcers or wounds, to promote the f )rmation of matter, such as resin ointments, warm poultices, etc. Discutients— Possess the power of repelling or resolving tumoifi. such as galbanum, mercury, and iodine. Diuretics — Act upon the kidneys and bladder, and increase tli» flow of urine, such as nitre, squills, cantharides, camphor, antimony and juniper. Drastics — Are violent purgatives, such as gamboge, etc. Emetics — Produce vomiting, or the discharge of the contents o. the stomach, such as mustard and hot water, tartar emetic, ipecacuaA ha sulphate of zinc, and sulphate of copper. Emollients — Are remedies used externally to soften the parts thsr are applied to, such as spermaceti, palm oil, etc. Epispastics — Are medicines which blister or cause efl'usion ai. serum under the cuticle, such as Spanish flies. Burgundy pitch, resin and galbanum. Errhines — Are medicines which produce sneezing, such as tobat» ro, etc. Escharotics — Are medicines which corrode or destroy the vitalit. of the part to which they are applied, such as lunar caustic, etc. Expectorants — Are medicines which increase expectoration, or tU discharge from the bronchial tubes, such as ipecacuanha, squills, opium ammoniaeum. Febrifuges— Are remedies used in fevers, such as all the antimo nials, tiark, quinine, mineral acids, arsenic. Hydragogues — Are medicines which have the eflfect of removing, the fluid of dropsy, by producing wateiy evacuations, such as gam- boge, calomel, etc. Hypnotics— Are medicines that relieve pain by procuring Sxcep such .18 hops, henbane, morphia, poppy. Laxatives— Are medicines which cause the bowels to act rathe more than natiirtil, such as manna, etc. Narcotics— Are medicines which cause sleep or stupor, and alla», pain, such as opium, etc. Nutrients— Are i-emedies that nourish the body, such ^s sugai sago, etc. . Paregorics -Aic ineJicines which actually assnage paia such a. compound tinctuie of camphor h'^.nbane, hop.*, op'um. Prophylactics— Are remedies employetJ to prevent the ntt*'''' ^ any particular disease, such as quinine, evv. Appendix to Medical t)epariment. 3^7 Purgatires — Are medicines that promote the evacuation of the ■ix/wels, such as senna, aloes, jalap, salts. Refrigerants — Are medicines whicli suppreBS an unusual heat of rhe body, siicli as wood .-lOrrel, tamarind, etc. Rubefacients— Are medicaments wliich cause redness of the skin, suo.l) as mustard, etc. Sedatives — Are medicines which depress the nervous energy, and destroy sensation, so fvs to compose, such as fox-glove. (See " Paie-I gorics.") Sialogogoes — A re medicines which promote the flow of saliva or spittle, such as salt, calomel, etc. Soporifics— Are medicines which induce sleep, such as hops, etc. Stimulants— Are remedies which increase the action of the heart and arteries, or the energy of the part to which they are applied, such as food, wine, spirits, ether, sassafras, which is an internal stimulant, *»nd savine, which is an external one. Stomachics — Restore the tone of the stomach, such as gentian, «tc. Strptics — Are medicines which constrict the surface of a part, and ijrevei't the effusion of blood, such as kino, Friar's balsam, extract of oad, and ice. Siidoriflcs — Promote profuse perspiration or sweating, such as ■pecacuaiiha, antimonj^ James's powder, ammonia. Tonics— Give general strength to the constitution, restore the nat- iral energies, and improve the tone of the system, such as all the veg- •table bitters, most of the minerals, also some kinds of food, wine, Mid beer. Vesicants — Are medicines which blister, such as strong liquid »mmonia, etc. DOMESTIC PHARMACOPEIA.- In compiling this part of our lints, we have endeavored to supply that kind of information which is o often wanted in the time of need, and cannot be obtained when a luedical man or a druggist is not near. The doses are fixed for adults, mless otherwise ordered. The various remedies are arranged in sections, according to their uses, as being more easy for reference. rOLLYRIA, OR EYE WASHES.— Alum.- Dissolve y^ dr. in 8 )Z.s. of water. C/«e, as an astringent. When the strength of the alum s doubled, and only half the quantity of water used, it acts as a dis- outient, but not as an eye water. Common. — Add J^ oz. of diluted acetic to 3 ozs. of decoction of poppy heads. TJse, an anodyne wash. Cooipound Alum.— Dissolve alum and white vitriol, of each 1 dr. 'n 1 pt. of water, and filter, through paper. Use, as an astringent wash. Zinc and Lead. — Dissolve white vitriol and acetate of lead, of each, 7 grs. in 4 ozs. of elder-flower water: add 1 dr. of laudanum (tincture of opium), and the same quantity of spirit of camphor; then strain. £7ise,as a detergent wash. Acetate of Ziuc. — Dissolve y^ '^ ^^'- "^ white vitriol in 5 ozs. of water. Dissolve 2 scrs. of acetate' of lead in five ozs. of water. Mix these solutions, then set aside for a short time and filter. TJse, as an iistringent; this forms a most valuable collyrium. Sulphate of Zinc. — DissDlve 20 grs. of white vitriol in 1 pt. of water or rose water. Use^ for we;ik eyes. Zinc and Camphor.— Dissolve 1 scr. of white vitriol in 10 ozs. of v\at('r. tlieii add 1 dr. of spirit of camphor, and strain. C7«tf, ai a stimulant- 35^ Appendix to Medical Department. Compound Zinc— Dissolve 15 grs. of white vitriol Id 8 o^?**. of camphor water {Mistura comphoroe^, and the same quantity of poppy heads. Use, as an anodyne and detergent; useful for weak eyes. CONFLCTIONS AND ELECTUARIES.— Confections are used as vehicles for admini.^tration of more active medicines, and Electuaries nre made for the purpose of rendering some remedies palatable. Both should be kept in closely covered jars. Almond Confection. — Remove the outer coat from 1 oz. of sweet almonds, and beat them well in a mortar with 1 dr. of powdered gum arable, ^ oz. of white sugar. Use, to make a demulcent mixture, known as '* almond emulsion." Alum Confection. — Mix 2 scrs. of powdered alum with 4 scrs. of molasses. Dose, % dr. Use, as an astringent in sore throat and re- laxed uvula, and ulcerations of tlie mouth. Orange Confection. — Take 1 oz. of the freshly rasped rind of orange, and mix it with 3 ozs. of white sugar, and beat together till perfectly incorporated. Dose, from 1 dr. to 1 oz. Use, as a gentle stomachic and tonic, and for giving tonic powders in. Black Pepper Confection. — Take of black pepper and elecampan<» root, of each. 1 oz. ; fennel seeds, 3 ozs. ; honey and sugar, of each, ? ozs. Rub the dry ingredients to a fine powder, and when the confec tion is wanted, add the honey and mix well. Dose, from 1 to 2 drs Use,'m haemorrhoids, or piles. Cowhage. — Mix as much of the fine hairs or spiculse of cowhage int> molasses as it will take up. Dose, a teaspoonful every morning an(* evening. Use, as an anthelmintic. Senna Confection. — Take of senna, powdered, 4 ozs.; figs, 3^ ft cassia pulp, tamarind pulp, and the pulp of prunes, of each 4 ozs. coriander seeds, powdered 2 ozs.; licorice root, 1% ozs.; sugar, ti| ibs. ; water, 1% pts. Rub the senna with the coriander, and separate by sifting, 5 ozs. of the mixture. Boil the water, with the figs and licorice added, until it is reduced to one lialf ; then press *ut and strain the liquor. Evaporate the strained liquor in a jar by boiliiij until twelve fluid ounces remain. Then add the "sugar, .and make : syrup. Now mix the pulps with the syrup, add the sifted powder, an(i mix well. Use, purgative. Castor Oil and Senna Confection. — Take 1 dr. of powdered gun arable, and 2 ozs of confection of senna, and mix, by gradually rub bing together in a morta., with % oz. of castor oil. Dose, from % oi to 1 oz. Use, purgative. Sulphur and Senna Confection.- Take of sulphur and aulphate oi potash, of each, % oz-; of confection of senna, 2 ozs.; and oil ot anise-seed, twenty minims; mix well. Dose, f rom 1 to 2 drs. Use, purgative. Cream-of- Tartar Confection. — Take 1 oz. of cream-ot-tartar, 1 dr. of jalap, and % dr. of powdered ginger; mix into a thick paste with n.ola-sses. Dose, 2 drs. f/ive, purgative. Anti-Spasmodic Electuary.— Take 6 drs. of powder valerian and orange leaves, mixed and made into an electuary, with a Bufficient quantity of syrup of wormwood. DoSE, from 1 to 2 drs., to be takea two or three times a day. DECOCTIONS.— Tliese should only be made as they are wanted; pipkins or tin saucepans should be used for the purpose ; and no de- coction should be boiled longer than ten minutes. Chimaphila.— Take 1 oz, of pyrola (cliimaphila, or winter-green), and boil it in \% pt8. water until it is only 1 pt. ; then strain. DoSE-, from 1 to 2 om. four times a dav- Use, in droD&ies, as a diuretie. Appendix to Mttinal Departtneni. 359 Logwood. — Boil \% 0Z6. of bruised logwood in 2 pts. of water until It comes to 1 pt. ; then add 1 dr. of bruised cassia, and strain. DoSE, from 1 to 1 ozs. Use, as an astringent. Dandeliou, — Take 2 ozs. of freshly-sliced root, and boil in 2 pts. of water until it comes to 1 pt. ; then add 1 oz. of compound tincture of horseradish. Dose, fnmi 2 to 4 ozs. t/se, in a sluggish state of the liver. EMBROCATIONS AND LINIMENTS.— These remedies are used cxtei-nally as local stinuilants, to relieve deep-seated inflammations wiien other u;eane cannot be employed, as they are more easily applied locally. Anodyne and Dlscntient. — Take 2 drs. of scraped white soap, % dr. of extract of h^mbane, and dissolve them by a gentle heat in 6 ozs. ot olive oil TJae., about J^j oz. to be well rubbed into the part twice a day. tor gianiiiilar eulargctnents which are painful and stubborn. IStiong' Ammo3ia»*^3. — Add 1 oz. of strong liquid ammonia {Liqiioris ammonite fortius'} to 2 ozs. of olive oil; shake them well together until they are properlj? diixed. Use, employed as a stimulant in iheumatic pains, paralytic iM.Tnbnesses, chronic glandular enlar^e- Dients, lumbago, sciatica, etc. This embrocation must be used with care, and only employed in very obstinate cases. CoiJipound Ammouiated. — 4dd 6 drs. of oil of turpentine to the strong animoniaetd liniment abojre. T/se, for the diseases mentioned uiidev the head of strong ammonjated luiment, and chronic affections of the knee and ankle joints. Lime and Oil. — Take equal parts of common linseed oil and lim«f water {Liquor calcis), and shake well. U^, applied to burns, scalds, «un peeling, etc. Camphorated.— Take }4 oz. of camphor and dissolve it in 2 ozs. olive oil. Use, as a stimulant, soothing application, in stubborn breasts, (glandular enlargements, dropsy of the belly, and rheumatic pains. Soap Liniment with Spanish Flies.— Take 3% ozs. of soap lini- aient, 3^ oz. of tincture of Spanish flies; mix and shake well. Use, as A stimulant to chronic bruises, sprains, rheumatic pains, and indolent swellings. Turpentine.— Take 2^ ozs. of resin cerate {Ceratum resince), and nelt it by standing the vessel in hot water; then add \% 026. of oil of turpentine, and mix. Use, as a stimulant application to ulcers, burns, scalds, etc. ENEMAS.— These are a peculiar kind of medicines, administered by injecting them into the rectum or outlet of the body. Theintention is cither to empty the bowels, kill worms, protect the lining membrane ')f the intestines from injury, restrain copious discharges, allay spasms m the bowels, or to nourish the body. Tliese clysters, orglysters, are administered by means of bladders and pipes, or a proper apparatus. Laxative.— Take 2 ozs. of Epsom salts, and dissolve in % of a pt. of gruel, or thin broth, with 1 oz. of olive oil. Use, as all enemas are \j.sed. Nutritive.— Take 12 ozs. of strong beef tea, and thicken withharts- 'lorn sluivings or arrowroot. I urpentine.— Take % oz. of turpentine, the yolk of one egg, and \i pt. ot gruel. Mix the turpentine and egg, and then add the gruel. vse. as an athelmintic. Common.— Dissolve 1 oz. of salt in 12 ozs. of gruel. Castor Oil.— Mix 2 ozs. of castor oil with 1 dr. of starch, then rub *i.em together, and add 14 ozs. of thin gruel. Use, purgative. 360 Apptndix to Medical Department. Opium.— Rub 3 grs. of opium with 2 ozs. cJ starch, then ad4 2 om of warm water. Use, as a anodyne, in colic, spasms, etc. Oil.— Mix 4 ozs. of olive oil with 3^ oz. of mucilage and % pt. of warm water. J7«e, as a demulcent. A.s$af(Btida. — Mix 1 dr. of the tincture of assafcetida in 1 pt. of barley water Use, as an anthelmintic, or in convulsions from teething. GARGLES.— These are remedies used to stimulate chronic sore throats, or a relaxed state of the swallow, or uvula, Acidulated.— Mix one part of white vinegar with three pars oi honey of roses, and twenty-four of barley water. C7«e, in chronic in- flammations of the throat, malignant sore throat, etc. Astringent. — Take 2 drs. of roses and mix with 8 ozs. of boiling water, infuse for one hour, strain, and add 1 dr. of alum anf course, previously powdered the camphor, by adding a few drops of spirit of wine, f/se, as a discutient and stimulant in indolent tumors. Chalk. — Mix as much prepared chalk as you can into some lard, w as to form a thick ointment. Use, as an application to burns and icalds. For Itch. — Mix 4 drs. of sublimed sulphur, 2 ozs. of lard, and 3^ Ir. of diluted sulphuric acid together. This is to be rubbed into the * dr. of powdered gum arabic, in 6 ozs. of water, and then add 1 oz. of syrup of marsh-mallow, and the same quantity of syrup of tolu. Dose one tablespoonful every three hours. Use, after fevers and catarrh^ Stomachic— Take 20 grs. of powdered rhubarb, and rub it down in 3>^ ozs. of peppermint water, then add sal volatile and compoun-l tincture of gentian, of each, Y% drs.; mix. Dose, from 1 oz. to \Y ozs. Use, as a tonic, stimulant, and stomachic. DRINKS.— Tamariud.—Boil 2 ozs. of the pulp of tamarinds in J pts. of milk, then strain. Use, as a refrigerant drink. Tamariud.—Boil 2 ozs. of thepulp in 2 pts. of warm water, an* allow it to get cold, then strain. Use, refrigerant. POWDERS.— Compound Soda.— Mix 24 grs. of calomel, 36 grs. ot sesqui-carbonate of soda, and 1 dr. of compound chalk powder, togeth- er. Divide into 12 powders. One of the powders to be given for a dose when required. Use, as a mild purgative for children during teething. Tonic— Mix 1 dr. of powdered rhubarb with the same quantity of dried carbonate of soda, then add 2 drs. of powdered calumba root. Dose, from 10 to 20 grs. as a tonic after fevers, in all cases of debility, and dyspepsia attended with acidity. Rhubarb and Magnesia.— Mix 1 dr. of powdered rhubarb with 2 drs. of carbonate of magnesia, and 3^ dr. of ginger. Dosa, from 15 grs. to 1 dr. Use, as a purgative for children. Sulphur and Potash.— Mix 1 dr. of sulphur with 4 scrs. of bicar- bonate of potash, and 2 scrs. of nitre. DOSB, from J^ dr. to J -dr. Use, as a purgative, diuretic, and refrigerant. Appendix to Medical Depariment. 363 Aiiti-Diarrheal. — Mix 1 gr. of powdered ipecacuanha, and 1 gr. of powdered opium, with the same quantity of camphor. Dose, one of these powders to be given in jam, molasses, etc., once or twice a day; but to adults only. Anti-Npasmodic. — Mix 4 grs. of subnitrate of bismuth, 48 grs. of carbonate of magnesia, and the same quantity of white sugar, and then divide into four equal parts. Dose, one-fourth part. C/se, in obstinate paiii in the stomach with cramps, unattended by inflammation. Anti-Pertnssal) or Against Whooping-Cough.— Mix 1 dr. of pow- dered belladona root, and 2 ozs. of white sugar, together. Dose, 6 grs. morning and evening for children under one year; 9 grs. for those under two and three years of age; 15 grs. for those between five and ten ; and 30 grs. for adults. Caution. This should be prepared by a chemist, as the belladona is a poison, and occasional doses of castor oil should be given while it is being taken. Purgative— rCommon. — Mix 10 grs. of calomel, with 1 dr. of pow- dered jalap, and 20 grs. of sugar. Dose, one-half of the whole for adults. Sadoriflc. — Mix 6 grs. of compound antimonial powder, 2 grs. of ipecacuanha, and 2 grs. of sugar, together. Dose, as mixed, to be taken at bed-time. Use, in catarrh and fever. MISCELLANEOUS.— Etheral Tincture of Male Fern.— Digest 1 oz. male fern buds in 8 ozs. of sulphuric ether, then strain. Dose, thirty drops early in the morning, tfse, to kill tapeworm. Emulsion— Laxative. — Rub down 1 oz. of castor oil in 2 drs. of mucilage of gum arable, add 3 ozs. of dill water, and a dr. of tincture of jalap, gradually. Dose, as prepared, the whole to be taken while fasting in the morning. Emulsion- Purgative.— Rub down 6 grs. of scammony with 6 drs. of white sugar in a mortar, and gradually add 4 ozs. of almond emulsion, and two drops of oil of cloves. Dose, as prepared, early in the morning. To Prevent Pitting After Small-Pox.— Spread a sheet of thin leather with the ointment of ammoniacum with mercury, and cut out a place for the mouth, eyes, and nostrils. This forms what is called a pendix to Medical Department, 365 Dropsy. — Erucuate the water by means of No. 11, and by rubbing •t.jk-plioru„etl oil into the body night and morning. Epilepsy.— If accomp^nietl or produced by fulness of the vessels of the head, leeches to the temples, blisters, and No. 1 and No. 7. If from debility or confirmed epilepsy, the mixture, No. 22. Avoid drinking and excitement. Eruptions on the Face.— The powder, No. 34, internally, sponging the face with the lotion. No. 35. Avoid excesses in diet. Ery.sipelas. — Aperients, if the patient-be strong, No. 1, followed by No. 7, then tonics, No. 31 ; No. 31 from the commencement in weak subjects. Faintness. — Effusion of cold water on the face, stimulants to the nostrils, pure air, and the recumbent position; afterwards, avoidance of the exciting cause. Avoid excitment. Frost-bite and Frozen Limbs. — No heating or stimulating liquors must be given. Rub the parts affected with ice, cold, or snow water and lay tlie patient on a cold bed. Gout. — The aperients, No. 1, followed by No. 28, bathing the parts with gin-and-water; for drink, weak tea or coffee. Warmth by flannels Abstain from wines, spirits, and animal food. Grayel.— No. 5, followed by No. 7, the free use of magnesia as an aperient. The pill No. 26. Abstain from fermented drinks, hard water. Another form of gravel must be treated by mineral acids, given three times a day. Whooping Cough. — Whooping cough may be complicated with congestion or inflammation of the lungs, or convulsions, and then be- comes a serious disease. If uncomplicated, No. 58. Hysterics. — Tlie flt may be prevented by the administration of thirty drops af laudanum, and as many of ether. When it has taken place open the windows, loosen the tight parts of the dress, sprinkle cold water on the face, etc. A glass of wine or cold water when the patient can swallow. Avoid excitement and tight lacing. Indigestion.— The pills No. 2, with the mixture No. 22, at the aame time abstinence from veal, pork, mackarel, salmon, pastry, and beer; for drink, homeopathic Cocoa, a glass of cold spring water the first thing every morninsr. Avoid excesses. Inflammation of the Bladder. — Bleeding, aperients No. 5 and No. 7, the warm bath, afterwards opium; the pill No. 12, three times a day till relieved. Avoid fermented liquors, etc. rnflammation of tlie Bowels. — Leeches, blisters, fomentations, hot baths, iced drinks, tlie pills No. 33; move the bowels with clysters, if necessaiy. No. 24. Avoid cold, indigestible food, etc. Inflammation of the Brain.— Application of cold to the head, bleeding from the temples or back of the neck by leeches or cupping; aperients No. 1, followed by No. 7; mercury to salivation. No. 18. Avoid excitement^ stud}^ intemperance. Inflammation of the Kidneys.— Bleeding from the arm, leeches over tlie seat of pain, aperients No. 5, followed by No. 64, the warm bath. Avoid violent exercise, rich living. Inflammation of the Liver. — Leeches over the right side, the seat of pain, blisters, aperients No. 1, followed by No. 7, afterwards the pills No. 23, till the gums are slightly tender. Avoid cold, damp, in- temperance, and anxiety. Inflammation of tlie Lungs. — Bleeding from the arm or over th« painful part of the chest by leeches, succeeded by a blister; the demul- cent mixture, No. 17, to allay the cough, with the powdets No. 18. Avoid oold, damp, and draughts. 366 Appendix to Medical Department. Inflammation of the Stomach.— Leeches to the pit of the stomacil, followed by fomentations, cold iced water for drink, bowels to be evacuated by clysters; abstinence from all food except cold gruel, milk and water, or tea. Avoid excesses, and condiments. Inflammatory Sore Throat. — Leeches and blisters externally, aperients No 1, followed by No. 7, gai-gle to clear the throat, No. 20. Avoid cold, damp, and draughts. Inflamed Eyes. — The bowels to be regulated by No. 5, a small blister beiiind the ear or on the nap of the neck — the eye to be bathed with No. 39. Influenza. — No. 4 as an aperient and diaphoretic. No. 17 to allay fever and cough. No. 31 as a tonic, when weakness onl}- remains. Avoid cold and damp, use clothing suited to the changes of tempera- ture. Intermittent Fever, or Ague. — Take No. 16 during the intermis- sion of the paroxysm of the fever; keep the bowels free with a wine glass of No. 7. Avoid bad air, stagnant pools, etc. Itch.— The ointme'.it of No. 32, or lotion No. 33. Jaundice. — The pills No. 1, afterwards the mixture No. 7, drinking freely of dandelion tea. Looseness of the Bowels— English Cholera.— One pill No. 23, re peated if necessary; afterwards tiie Mixture No. 25. Avoid unripe fruits, acid drinks, ginger beer; wra[i flannel around the abdomen. Measles. — A well ventilated room, ajjerients. No. 4, with No. \1 to allay the cough and fever. Menstruation— Excessive.— No. 47 during the attack, with rest in the recumbent position; in the intervals, No. 46. Menstruation— Scanty.— In strong patients, cupping the loins, ex- ercise in the open air, 47, the feet in warm water before the expected period, the pills No. 4,5; in weak subjects. No. 46. Gentle and regular exercise. Avoid hot rooms, and too much sleep. Menstruation— Painful.— No. 48 during the attack; in the inter- "als. No. 45 twice a week, with No. 46. Avoid cold, mental excitement, etc. Mumps. — Fomentation with a decoction of camomiles and poppy .^'eads; No. 4 as an aperient, and No. 9 during the stage of fever. Avoid cold, and attend to the regularity of the bowels. Nervousness.—Cheerful societj% early rising, exercise in the open ur, particularly on horseback, and No. 15. Avoid excitement,^ study, ^nd late meal.«. Palpitation of the Heart.— The pills No. 2, with the mixture No. 1."). Piles,— The paste No. 38, at the same time a regulated diet. When the ])ik'S are external, or can be reached, one or two applications of the extract of lead, with an occasional dose of lenitive electuary, will generally succeed in curing them. Quinsy. — A blister applied all round the throat ; an emetic, No. ;19, commonly succeeds in breaking the abcesses; afterwards the gavglt: No. 20. Avoid cold antl damp. Rheumatism.— Bathe attected parts with No. 27, and take inter- nally No. 28, with No. 29 at bed-time, to ease pain, etc. Avoid dam") and cold, wear tlannel. ^ Rickets.- The powder No. 37, a dry, pure atmosphere, a nomishing diet. ^ , Ringworm. — The lotion No. 36, with the occasional wseof th« powder No. 5. Fresh air and cleanliness. Appendix to Medical Department. 367 Scarlet FcTcr. — Well ventilated room, sponging the bodj when hot witli co'd or tepid vinegar, or spirit and water; aperients, No. 4; diaphoretics, No. 8. If dropsy succeed the disappearance of tbd erup- tion, frequent purging with No. 5, succeeded by No. 7. Scrofula. — Pure air, light but warm clothing, diet of fresh animal food ; bowels to be regulated by No. 6 and No. 30, taken regularly for a considerable time. Scurvy. — Fresh animal and vegetable food, and the free use of ripe fruits and lemon juice. Avoid cold and damp. Small-Pox. — A well ventilated apartment, mild aperients; if fever be present, No. 7, succeded by diaphoretics No. 8, and tonics No. 16 in the stage of debility, or decline of the eruption. St. Vitus's Dance. — The occasional use, in the commencment, of No. 5, followed by No. 7, afterwards No. 61. Thrush. — One of the powders No. 6 every other night; in the in- tervals a dessert-spoon of the mixture No. 22 three times a day; white pots to be dressed with the honey of borax. Tic-Doloreux. — Regulate the bowels with No. 3 and take in the ntervaJs of pain No. 31. Avoid cold, damp, and mental anxiety. Toothache. — Continue the use of No. 3 for a few alternate days, i^pply liquor ammonia to reduce the pain, and when that is accom- plished, fill the decayed spots with silver succedaneum without delay, or he pain will return. A drop of creosote, or a few drops of chloro- *orm on cotton, applied to the tooth, or a few grains of camphor olaced in the decayed opening, or camphor moistened with turpentine, *ill often afford instant relief. Typhus Fever. — Sponging the body with cold or tepid water, a vell-ventihited apartment, cold applications to the head or temples. Aperients No. 4, with refrigerants No. 9; tonics No. 16 in the stage of debility. Water on theBrain. — Local bleeding by means of leeches, blisters, ^perients No. 5, and mercurial medicines No. 18. Whites. — The mixture No. 43, with the injection No. 44.- Cloth- ing light but warm, moderate exercise in the open air. USEFUL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THOSE WHO PREFER THE " OLD SCHOOL" PRACTICE. PRESCRIPTIONS.*— The following prescriptions, originally de^ rived from various prescribers' Pharmacopceias, embody the favorite remedies employed by the most eminent physicians: 1. Take of powdered aloes, 9 grs.; extract of colocynth, com- pound, 18 grs. ; calomel, 9 grs. ; tartrate of antimony, 2 grs. ; mucilage, sufficient to make a mass, which is to be divided into 6 pills; 2 to be taken every 24 hours, till they act thoroughly on the bowels : in cases of inflammation, apoplexy, etc. 2. Powdered rhubarb, Socotrine aloes, and gum mastich, each 1 scr. ; make into 12 pills: 1 before and 1 after dinner. 3. Compound extract of colocynth, extract of jalap, and castile soap, of each 1 scr.; make into 12 pills. 4. James's powder, 5 grs.; calomel, 3 grs : in fevers, for adults. For children, the following: powdered camphor. 1 scr.; calomel and powdered scammony, of each 9 grs. ; James's powder, 6 grs. ; mix and divide into 6 powders. Half of 1 powder twice a day for an infant a ♦ These to be used in the Cases envunerated under the head " Diseases.' 368 Appendix to Medical Department. year old; a whole powder for 3 years; and for 4 years, the aai/^e'. times a day. 5. James's powder, 6 grs. ; powdered jalap, 10 grs. ; mix, and divide into 3 or 4 powders, according to the child's age: in one powder if for an adult. 6. Powdered rhubarb, 4 grs. ; mercury and chalk, 3 grs. ; ginger in powder, 1 gr. : an alterative aperient for children. 7. Dried sulphate of magnesia, 6 drs.; sulphate of soda, 3drs.; infusion of senna, 7 ozs.; tincture of jalap, and compound tincture ol cardamoms, each J^ oz. in acute diseases generally; take 2 table- spoons every 4 hours till it operates freely. 8. Nitrate of potass, 1^ drs.; spirits of nitric ether, 3^ oz ; cam phor mixture, and the spirit of mindererus, each 4 ozs. : in fevers, etc. ; two table-spoons 3 times a day, and for children a dessert-spoon every four hours. 9. Spirit of nitric ether, 3 drs. ; dilute nitric acid, 2 drs. ; syrup, 3 drs.; camphor mixture, 7 ozs.: in fevers, etc., with debility; dose as last. 10. Spirit of mindererus and camphor mixture of each 33^ ozs.j wine of antimony, \% drs. ; wine of ipecacuanha, 1 J^ drs. ; sj'^rup 01 tolu, )^ oz. : dose as last. - 11. Decoction of broom, "% pt. ; cream-of-tartar, 1 oz. ; tinctuiv squills, 2 drs.: in dropsies; a third part 3 times a day. 1 2. Pills of soap and opium, 5 grs. for a dose, as directed. 13. Compound powder of ipecacuanha, 7 to 12 grs. for a dose, a> directed. 14. Battley's solution of opium, from 10 to 40 drops; camphoi mixture, V/^ ozs: in a draught at bedtime. 15. Ammoniated tincture of valerian, 6 drs. ; camphor mixture, 7 ozs.: a fourth part three times a day; in spasmodic and hysterical disorders. 16. Disulphate of quina, J^ dr. ; dilute sulphuric acid, 20 drops, compound infusion of roses, 8 ozs. : two table-spoons every 4 hours, n intermittent and other fevers, during the absence of the paroxysm. 17. Almond mixture, 7f^ ozs. ; wine of antimony and ipecacuar ha, of each IJ^ drs.: a table-spoon every 4 hours; in cough wit* fever, etc. 1§. Calomel, 1 gr. ; powdered white sugar, 2 grs. ; to make & powder to be placed on the tongue every two or three hours. Should the calomel act on the bowels, powdered kino is to be substituted f o) the sugar. 19. Antimony and ipecacuanha wines of each 1 oz. ; a tea-spoon every ten minutes till it vomits; but for an adult a large table-spoon to be taken. 20. Compound infusion of ro dilute sulphuric acid, 10 drops; compound infusion of roses, 8 ozs. ; two table-spoons every four hours, and as a tonic in the stage of weakness succeeding fever. 32. Flowers of sulphur, 2 ozs.; hog's lard, 4 ozs.; white helle- bore powder, \^ oz. ; oil of lavender, 60 drops. 33. Hydriodate of potass, 2 drs. ; distilled water, 8 ozs. 34. Flowers of sulphur, }/^ dr ; carbonate of soda, 1 scr.^; tartar- Ized antimony, 3^ gi". ; one powder, night and morning, in eruptions of the skin or face. 35. Milk of bitter almonds, 7 ozs. ; bichloride of mercury, 4 grs.; spirits of rosemary, 1 oz. ; bathe the eruption with this lotion three times a day. 36. Sulphate of zinc, 2 scrs,; sugar of lead, 15 grs.; distilled •vater, 6 ozs. ; the parts to be washed with the lotion two or three times a day. 3T. Carbonate of iron, 6 grs. ; powdered rhubarb, 4 grs. ; one powder night and morning. 3§. Elecampane powder, 2 ozs. ; sweet fennel-seed powder, 3 ozs., black pepper powder, 1 oz. ; purified honey, and brown sugar, of each 2 ozs. : the size of a nutmeg two or three times a day. 39. Sulphate of zinc, 12 grs. ; wine of opium, 1 dr. ; rose water, 6 ozs. 40. Common salt, 1 oz. ; water, 4 ozs. ; spirits of wine and vine- gar, each 2 ozs. ; the parts to be bathed or rubbed with this lotion frequently. 41. Spirits of wine and distilled vinegar, each 1 oz. ; rose water, 6 ozs. ; the parts to be kept constantly damp with the lotion. 42. Linseed oil and lime water, equal quantities ; anoint the in- jured parts freely with a feather. 43. Sulphate of magnesia, 6 drs. ; sulphate of iron, 10 grs. ; diluted sulphuric acid, 40 drops ; tincture of cardamoms (compound), ^ oz. j water, 7 ozs. ; a fourth part night and morning. 44. Decoction of oak bark, 1 pt. ; dried alum, J^ oz. ; for an in-, jection, a syringeful to be used night and morning. 45. Compound gamboge pill, and a pill of assafoetida and aloes, of each J^ di. ; make 12 pills; two twice or three times a week. 46. Grifflths's mixture — one table-spoon three times a day. 47. Ergot of rye, 5 grs. ; in a powder, to be taken every 4 hours. 4§. Powdered opium, 3^ gr. ; camphor, 2 grs. ; in a pill ; to be taken every three or four hours while in pain. 49. Balsam of copaiba, j^ oz. ; powdered cubebs, J^ oz. ; solution of potass, 3 drs.; powdered acacia, 2 drs. ; laudanum, 20 drops; cinn»- iBOB water. 7 aaB. ; sme tabl»-fl^oon three tines a daj. 370 Appendix to Medical Departmeni. 50. Tartarized antimony, 2 grs. ; sulphate of magnesia. 6 drs. ; nitrate of potass, 1 dr. ; compound tincture of cardamoms, }^ oz. ; water, 3 ozs. 51. Lime water, 2 ozs. ; calomel, 1 scr. : make a lotion, to be ap- plied by means of soft lint. 52. Blue pill, 5 grs. ; powdered opium, % gr. ; two pills at night and one in the morning. 53. Biniodide of mercury, 2 grs. ; hydriodate of potass, 1 dr. ; ex- tract of sarsaparilla, 1 oz. ; water, 8 ozs. ; one table-spoon three times a day. 54. Sulphate of zinc, 24 grs., in a wine glass of water ; to be given for an emetic, and repeated if necessary. 55. Dill water, 13^ ozs. ; volatile tincture of valerian, 20 drops; tincture of castor, 1 di-. ; spirits of sulphuric ether, 20 drops; make a draught, to be taken three times a day. 56. Syrup of poppies, oxymel of squills, of each 1 oz. ; solution of potass, 2 drs. ; a tea-spoon frequently. 57. Syrup of balsam of tolu. 2 ozs. ; the muriate of morphia, 2 grs. ; muriatic acid, 20 drops; a tea-spoon twice a day. 5§. Salts of tartar, 2 scrs. ; powdered cochineal, 20 grs. ; honey, 3^ lb. ; water, ^ pt. ; boil, and give a table-spoon three times a day. 59. Calomel, 10 grs. ; castile soap, extract of jalap, extract of colocynth, of each 1 scr. ; oil of juniper, 5 drops ; make into fifteen pills ; one three times a day. 60. Infusion of orange peel, 8 ozs. ; carbonate of soda, 1 dr. ; and compound tincture of cardamoms, ^ oz. ; take a table-spoon three times a day, succeeding the pills. 61. Carbonate of iron, 3 ozs.; syrup of ginger, suflBcient to make an electuary ; a tea-spoon three times a day. 62. Take of castile soap, compound extract of colocynth, com- pound rhubarb pill, and the extract of jalap, of each 1 scr. ; oil of car- raway, 10 drops; make into 20 pills, and take one after dinner every day while iiecessar.v. 63. Spirit of rosemary, five parts ; spirit of wine, or spirit of turpentine, 1 part. 64. Take of thick mucilage, 1 oz. ; castor oil, 12 drs. ; make into an emulsion ; add mint water. 4 ozs^. ; spirit of nitre, 3 drs. ; lauda- num, 1 dr. ; mixture of squills, 1 dr. ; and syrup, 7 drs. ; mix ; two table-spoons every six houis. MEDICINES (Aperient.)— In the spring time of the year the judicious use of aperient medicines is much to be commended. Spring Aperients. — For children an excellent medicine is — 1. Brimstone and molasses, prepared by mixing an ounce and a half of sulphur, and half an ounce of cream of-tartar, with eiglit ounces of molasses; and, according to the age of the child, giving from a small tea-spoon to a dessert-spoon, early m the morning, two or three times a week. As this sometimes produces sickness, the following maybe used : — 2. Take of powdered Roclielle salts one drachm and a half, powdered jalap and powdered rhubarb, each fifteen grains, ginger, two grains ; mix. Dose for a child ;;bove five years, one .winll tea-spoon ; above ten years, a large tea spoon ; above fifteen, half the wiiole, or two tea-spoons ; and for a person above twenty, tliree tea-spoons, or the whole, as may be required by the habit of the per-son. This medicine may be dissolved in warm water, mint, or common tea. The powder can be kept for use in a wide-mouthed bottle, and be in readiness for any emergency. The druggist may be directed to treble or quailrupl*' the quantities, as convenient. Appendix to Medical Department. 371 Aperient Pills. — To some adults all liquid medicines produce such tfa.uciea that pills are the only form in which aperients can be exhib- ited ; the following is a useful formula: — 3. Take of compound rhubarb pill a drachm and one scruple, of powdered ipecacuanha ten grains, and of extract of liyoscyamus one scruple ; mix, and beat into a mass, and divide into twenty-four pills : take one or two, or if of a very costive habit, three at bedtime.— 4. For persons requiring a more powerful aperient, the same formula, with twenty grains of compound) extract of colocynth, will form a good purgative pill. The mass re- ceiving this addition must be divided into thirty, instead of twenty- four pills. Black Draught. — 5. The common aperient medicine known as black draught is made in the following manner: Take of senna leaves six drachms, bruised ginger, half a drachm, sliced licorice root four drachms, Epsom salts, two ar.d a half ounces, boiling water, half an imperi -.1 pint. Keep this standing 01 the hob or near the fire for three hours, t'.ien strain, and after allowing it to grow cool, add of sal- volatile ne drachm and a half, of tincture c senna, and of tincture of jardamr , each half an ounce. (This mixt re will keep a long time ia a coo ace.) Dose, a wine glass for an at.ilt ; and two table-spoons tor your persons about fifteen years of age. It is not a suitable med- 4;ine i r children. Tonic Aperient. — 6. Take of Epsom salts one ounce, diluted sul- l>huric acid, one drachm, infusion of quassia chips, half an imperial pint, compound tincture of rhubarb, two drachms. Half a wine glass Cor a dose twice a day. Infants' Aperient. — 7. Take of rhubarb, five grains, magnesia, three grains, white sugar, a scruple, grey powder, five grains; mix. Dose, for an infant from twelve to eighteen months of age, from one- third to one-half of the whole. —8. A useful laxative for children is composed of calomel, five grains, ai:d sugar a scruple, made into five powders ; half of one of these for a child from birth to one year, and a whole one from that age to three years. Flour op Brimstone is a mild aperient in doses of about a quarter of an ounce ; it is best taken in milk. Flour of brimstone, which is also called sublimed sulphur, is generally put up in ounce packages. Medicines — Preparations of. — The following directions are of the utmost value in connection with the Domestic Pharmacopoea, Diseases, Prescriptions, and Poisons. Tliey will be found most impurtant to emi- grants, attendants upon the sick, and persons who reside out of the reach of medical aid, sailors, etc., etc. They contain instructionH not only for the compounding of medicines, but most useful hints and cautions upon the application of leeches, blisters, poultices, etc. Articles Required for Mixing Medicines. — Three glass measures, one to measure ounces, another to measure drachms, and a measure for minims, drops, or small doses. A pestle and mortar, ho{\\ of glass and Wedgewood-ware, a gla."?s funnel, and glass stirring rods. A spatida, or flexible knife, for spreading ointments, making pills, etc. A set of scales and weights. A small slab of marble, slate, or porcelain, foj' mak- ing pills upon, mixing ointments, etc. Medicine Weights and Measuns. — Weights. — When yOu open your box containing the scales and weights, you will observe that there are several small pieces of brass, of difierent sizes and thicknesses, and «tamped witli a variety of characters These are the weights, which w« vriW new explain, 372 Appendix to Medical Department Medicines are made up by Troy weight, although drugs art bought by avoirdupois weight, and of course you know that there are only twelve ounces to the pound troy, which is marked ftr. ; then each r>unce, which contains eight drachms, is marked 5i. ; each drachm, containing three scruples, is marked 3!.; and each scruple of twenty fr lins is marked Qi. The grain weights are marked by little circles Qrains. signifying a grain. Each of the grain weights, in addition to p ^ '='1 tlie circles denoting their several weights, bears also the lo d stamp of a crown. Care must be taken not to mistake this for one of the numerals. Besides these weights you will find others marked ^ss, which means half a scruple ; Jss, meaning half a drachm ; and Jss, meaning half an ounce. When there are ounces, drachms, or scruples, the number of them is shown by Roman figures, thus: — i. ii. iii. iv. v., etc., and prescriptions are written in this stj'le. Measures. — Liquid medicines are measured by the following table; 60 minims .J ^1 fluid drachm. 8 fluid drachms . f ) 1 fluid ounce. 16 fluid ounces . \ are contained in 1 1 pint. 8 pints . . ) (1 gallon. And the signs which distinguish each are as follows: C. means a gal- lon ; 0. a pint ; fi^, a fluid ounce ; ff^, a fluid drachm ; and m, a minim or drop. Formerly drops used to be ordered, but as the size of a drop must necessarily vary, minims are always directed to be employed now for any particular medicine, although for such medicines as oil of cloves, essence of ginger, etc., drops are frequently ordered. In order that we may measure medicines Accurately tiiere are graduated glass vessels for measuring ounces, drachms, and minims. When proper Measures are not at hand, it is neces(»arj to adopt some other method of determining the quantities required, and therefore we have drawn up the following table for that purpose: A tumbler A tea-cup A wine glass A table-spoon A dessert-spoon . . A tea-spoon These quantities refer to ordinary sized spoons and vessels. Somt cups hold half as much more, and some table-spoons contain 6 drachms. Many persons lieep a medicine-glass, which is graduated so as to shown the number of spoons it contains. Process of Making Medicines. — To Powder Substances. — Place the substance in the mortar, and strike it gently with direct per- pendicular blows of the pestle, until it separates into several pieces, then remove all but a small portion, which bruise gently at first, aiid rub the pestle round and ro ind the mortar, observing that the circles described by the pestle slu-uld gradually decrease in diameter, and then increase again, because by this means every part of the powder is subjected to the process of pulverization. In powdering substances, making emulsions, and whenever using a mortar, the pestle should always travel /ro^w the right to the left. Some substances require to be prepared in a particular manner before tiiey can be powdered, or to be assisted by '>ddlng some other body. For example, camphor powdeis more easily when a few drops of spirits of wine are added to it; mace, nutmegs, auJ such oily aro- usually contains about 10 ounces. 6 <( 2 u 4 drachms. 2 ii 1 ii Appendix to Medical Department. 373 matic substances are better for the addition of a little wnue sugar; resins and gum-resins should be powdered in a cold place, and if they are intended to be dissolved, a little fine, well-washed white sand mix- with them assists the process of powdering. Tough roots, like gentian and calumba, should be cut into thin slices; and fibrous roots, like ginger, cut slanting, otlierwise the powder will be full of small filDres. vegetable matters require to be dried before they are powdered, such as peppermint, loosestrife, senna, etc. Be carbful not to pound too hard in a glass, porcelain, or* Wedgewood-ware mortar; they are intended only for substances that pulverize easily, and for the purpose of mixing or incorporating med- icines. Never use acids in a marble mortar, and be sure that you do Mct powder galls or any other astringent substances in any but a brass mortar. Sifting is frequently required for powdered substances, and this is usually done by employing a fine sieve, or tying the powder up in a piece of muslin, and striking it against the left hand over a piece of paper. Filtering is frequently required for the purpose of obtaining clear tluids, such as infusions, eye-washes, and other medicines; and it is, tuerefore, highly important to know how to perform this simple operation. We must first of all make the filter paper; this is done by taking a square sheet of white blotting paper, and doubling it over, so as to foini an angular cup. We next procure a piece of wire, twist it Into a form to place the funnel in, to prevent it passing to far into the neck of the bottle. Open out the filter paper very carefully, and hav- ing placed it in the funnel, moisten it with a little water. Then place the wire in the space between the funnel and the bottle, and pour the liquid gently down the side of the paper, otherwise the fluid is apt to burst the paper. Maceration is another process that is frequently required to be performed in making up medicines, and consists simply in immersing the medicines in cola water or spirits for a certain time. Digestion resembles maceration, except that the process is assist- ed by a gentle heat. The ingredients are placed in a flask, such as salad oil is sold in, which should be fitted with a plug of tow or wood, and have a piece of wire twisted round the neck. The flask is held bj' means of the wire over the flame of a spirit lamp, or else placed in some sand warmed in an old iron saucepan over the fire, care being taken not to place moie of the flask below the sand than the portion occupied by the ingredients. Infusion is one of the most frequent operations required in mak- ing up medicines, its object being to extract the aromatic and volatile principles of substances, that would be lost by decoction or digestion; and to extract tlie soluble from the insoluble parts of bodies. Infusions may be made with cold water, in which case they are weaker, but more pleasant. The general method employed consists in slicing, bruising, or rasping the ingredients first, then placing them in a common jug (which should be as globular as possible), and pouring boiling water over them; cover the jug with a cloth folded six or eight times, but if there be a lid to the jug so much the better; when the infusion has stood the time directed, hold a piece o(veri/ coarse linen over the spout, and pour the liquid throujrh it into another jug. Decoction, or boiling, is employed to extract the mucilaginous or gummjr parts of substances, their bitter, astringent, or other quali- ties, and is nothing uore than boiling the ingredients in a saucepan 374 Appendix to Medical Department. with the lid slightly raised. Be sure never to use an iron saucepan foj astringent decoctions, sucli as oak bark, galls, etc., as they will turn the saucepan black, and spoil the decoction. The enamelled saucepans are very useful for decoctions, but an excellent plan is to put the in- gredients into a jar and boil the jar, thus preparing it by a water bath, as it is technically termed; or by using a common pipkin, which answers still better. No decoction should be allowed to boil for more than ten minutes. EXTKACTS are made by evaporating the liquors obtained by in- fusion or decoction, but these can be bought much cheaper and better of chemists and druggists, and so can tinctures, confections, cerates, and plasters, and syrups; but as every one is not always in the neigh- borhood of druggists, we shall give recipes for those most generally usetul. and the method of-nuiking them. PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN GIYING MEDICINES— Sex. — ..ledicines for females should not be so strong as those for males, I her o 6, it is advisable to reduce the doses about one-third. Temperament. — Persons of a p.degmatic temperament bear stim- ulants and purgatives better than those of a sanguine temperament, therefore the latter require smaller doses. Habits. — Purgatives never act so well upon persons accustomed to take them as upon those who are not, therefore it is better to cliangc tlie form of purgative from pill to potion, powder to draught, or aro' matic to saline. Purgatives should never be given when there is aw irritable state of the bowels. Stimulants and Narcotics never act so quickly upon persons accustomed to use spirits freely as upon those who live abstemiously. Climate. — The actions of medicines is modified by climate an'l seasons. In summer, certain medicines act more powerfully than in winter, and the same person cannot bear the dose in July that he could in December. General Health. — Persons whose general health is good, beai stronger doses than the debilitated and those who have suffered for a long time. Idiosyncrasy. — "Walker's Dictionary will inform you that "idio- syncrasy " means a peculiar temperament or disposition not common to people generally. For example, some persons cannot take calomel in the smallest dose without being salivated, or rhubarb without having convulsions; others cannot take squills, opium, senna, etc., and this peculiarity is called the patient's idiosyncrasy, therefore, it is wrong to ivsiat upon their taking these medicines. Forms Best Snited for Administration.— Fluids act quicker than solids, and powders sooner than pills. Best Method of Preventing the Nauseous Taste of Medicines,- ■Castor oil uuiy be taken in milk, cott'ee, or spirits, such as brandy ; but the best method of covering tlie nauseous flavor is to put a table-bpoon of strained orange juice in a wine glass, pour the castor oil into the center of the juice, and then squeeze a few drops of the lemon juic« ui)on the top of the oil. Cod liver oil may be taken, like castor oil, in orange juice. Peppermint water almost neutralizes the nauseous taste of Epsom salts; a strong solution of the extract of licorice, that of aloes; milk tliut of cinchona bark; and cloves of senna. An excellent way to prevent the taste oi medicines is to have tiie medicine in a glass, as usual, and a tumbler of water by tlie side of it; take the medicine, and. retain it in tlic mouth, which sliou'd be kept closed, and if you then commence drinking the water, the taste of i Appendix to Medical Department. sn che m'^dicinfe is washed away. Even the bitterness of quinine and iiloes iii.ay be prevented by this means. If the nostrils are firmly com- pressed oy tiie tlmiub and finger of tlie left hand; while taking a nau- seou* draiight. and so retained till tlie month has been washed out with watei', tlie disagreeable taste of the medicine will be quite unper- ceived. driving Hediciues to Persons. — Medicines should be given in such a manner tliat the ett'ect of the first dose shall not have ceased when the n^ixt dost is given, therefore the intervals between the doses shoulc* be regulated accordingly. Doses of Mt^diciiie for Different Ag'es. — It must be plain to every one that children do not require such powerful medicine as adults or old people, and therefore it is desirable to have some fixed method of determining or regulating the administration of doses of medicine. Now we will suppose that the dose for a full-grown person is one draclim, then the following proportions will be suitable for the vari- ous ages given; keeping in view other circumstances, such as sex, '«mperament, habits, climate, state of general health, and idiosyncrasy. AGE. t Weeks » Months Under 2 yea'^s Under 3 yea''S Under 4 years Under 7 years Under 14 yea''S Under 20 years Vhove 21 year's A-bc e 65 yea's. ,. .. . Proportion. one-fifteenth one-twelfth one-eighth one-sixth one-fourtb one-third one-half two-fifths the full dose the >n verse Proportionate Dose. or grains or grains or grains or grains or grains or scruple or drachm or scruple or drachm gradation ■73^ iO 15 1 2 1 USEFUL prescr:pt:ons for the benefit of those who PREFER THE " OLD SCHOOL " PRACTICE. ARRANGED UNDER THE HEADS OF APERIENTS, PURGATIVES, EXPECTORANTS DIAPHORETICS, ANTACIDS, AND STOMACHICS, ASTRINGENT, AND TONICS. There are several prescriptions given in each section, embracing- mixtures, pills, and powders, which -wiW be found suited to almost every distinctive phase in the affec- tion for vvhich they are given : thus, under Expectorants, "Cough," medicines wrill b« found to produce sedative, stimulating, or relaxing effects. Aperient Pills. Purgative Pills. (MM, for Females.) No. 1. Take of— Compound extract of col- ocynth 3^ nto ftfteen pills: tw-x tv^ (M tatWBi iM a doaa. IXiesa will M Appendix to Medical Department 377 foand a safe and effectual piU in all cases where a strong laxative Is re- quired. Expectorants. Cough PiUs. No. 1. Take of— Powdered squills 12 grs. Powdered ipecacuanha 18 grs. Powdered ginger 12 grs Extract ol hemlock. . . % dr. Mix, and divide into twelve pills: one to be taken three times a day. No. 2. Take of— Powd'dammoniacum. 24 grs. Powdered squills 10 grs. Powdered ipecacuanha 10 grs. AntimoQial powder. . . 18 grs. Extract of henbane. ... 1 scr. Mix, and divide into fifteen pills •■ •«ie to be taken every six hours. No. 3. Take of— Powdered camphor 20 grs. Powdered opium 6 grs. Powdered squills 12 grs. Antimonlal powder.. . 18 grs. Extract of hemlock 15 grs. Oil of anise-seed 6 drops. Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one lo be taken night and morning, or three tinaes a day. No. 4. Take of— Balsam of toln 1 dr. Divide into fifteen pills: one to be laken every four or six hours. No. 5. Take of— Powdered gualacum... 1 scr. Powd'd aramonlacum 1 scr Powdered camphor 10 grs. Powdered opium 4 grs. Benzoic acid 10 grs. Carbonate of ammonia 12 grs. Mix thoroughly, and make into a mass witn— Extract of henbane 1 scr. and divide into twenty pills : one to be taken every four hours when the congh is hard and the chest oppressed. Cough, Mixtures. For asthmatic patients, and per- sons advanced in life. No. 1. Take of— Carbonate of ammonia k; dr. Dover's powder 2 scrs. Camphor water,to make 6 ozs. Syrup of squills }^ oz. Spirits of nitre 3 drs. Mix : a table-spoon to be taken every three or four hours, and when there Is much wakefulness two table-spoons at bedtime. No. 2. Take of— Qum ammoniacum 1 dr. Peppermint water, enough for 6 om. Corbonate of ammonia 1 scr. Make an emulsion, and add— Friar's balsam 3 drs. Laudanum 1 dr. Mix a table-spoon whenever the cough is troublesome. No. 3. Take of— Vinegar of squills. 1 oz. Tincture of tolu 2 drs. Antimonlal wine Ji oz. Mint water, to make.. 6 oz. Syrup of red poppy ... U oz. Spts. of sulphuric ether I dr. Mix: a table-spoon every three or four hours. Tho following mixtures will suit any condition of cough, and may be taken in any case requiring medicines of this nature. No. 4. Take of— Almond confection. ... 2 drs. Warm water 4 ozs. Make an emulsion, and add— Spirits of mindererus. 1 oz. Syrup of tolu % oz. Wine of ipecacuanha.. 2 drs. Spirits of nitre 2 drs. Mix: two table-spoons three times a day, or one spoon every three hours. No. 5. Take of— Mucilage 1}^ oz. Syrup of squills V^ oz. Syrup Ol tolu }4oz. Paregoric I oz. Spirits of nitre 2 drs. Mint water enough to make a 6-ounce mixture : one table- spoon to be taken when the cough is troublesome, and two at bedtime. No. 6. Take of— Compound tragacanth powder 2 drs. Warm water 3 ozs. Spirits ol mindererus. 6 drs. Syrup of tolu Yt ^^• Syrup of squills 2 drs. Paregoric ^ oz. Spirits of nitre 3 drs. Mint water 2}^ ozs. Mix: two table-spoons for a doee, to be taken as often as neceesary. 578 Appendix to Medical Department. No 7. Take of— Horehound leaves 1 oz. Licorice root J^ oz. Boiling water 10 ozs. Infuse In a sauce-pan by the fire for six hours, then boil for ten minutes, strain, and sweeten with moist sugar, finally add to 10 ounces of the liquid- Syrup of squills 2 ozs. and— Laudanum 2 drs. Mix, and make a 12 ounce mixture, of wiiich two table-spoans are to be tak- en three times a day. No. 8. Take of— Ammoniacum 1 dr. Carbonate ol potass 2 drs. Camphor water -1}^ ozs. Mix, and add — Syrup of squills 6 drs. Spirits of nitre .... J4 oz. Antimonial wine 3 drs. Mix : a table-spoon whenever the cough is troublesome. No. 9. Take of- Powdered nitre 2 scrs. Ipecacuanha powder.. 10 grs. Mint water 3 ozs. Mix, and add— Mucilage ... 1 oz. Syrup of tolu H oz- Spirits of mindererus. l*^ ozs. Mix : two table-spoons to be taken 3 times a day. No. 10. Take of— Marsh mallow root, bruised or cut small, 1 oz. Horehound 1 oz. Licorice root 1 oz. Carbonate of potass ... 2 drs. Boiling water 1 pint. Boil slowly for two hours, strain, and sweeten with honey or moist sugar, and take half a wine glass three or four times a day. DiAPnoEETic OR Sweating Medicines. No. I. Take of— Dover's powder 10 grs. To be taken at bedtime In a little gruel. No. 2. Take of— Dover's powder 30 grs. Antimonial powder. . . 12 grs. Calomel 9 grs. Mix.and divide into six powders: one to be taken every four or six hours in a little gruel. These are serviceable Sowders to keep up a steady action on leskln. No. 3. Take of— Powdered nitre 1 sof , Camphor water SU oz». Spirits ot mindererus. 12 drs. Antimonial wine 2 drs. Spirits of sweet nitre. . 2 drs. Syrup of saffron 3 di s Mix : the fourth part to be taken at bedtime, night and morning, or three times a day. No. 4. Take of— Carbonate of ammonia 30 grs. Guaicum powder I scr. Cam phor water b}A ozs. Laudanum I dr. Syrup of saffron 3 drs. Mix: two table-spoons three times a day, or the fourth part night and morning. Antacids, for Acidity in th> Stomach. No. 1. Take of— Caustic liquor of potass lU drs. Laudanum 80 drops. Lime water 6 ozs. Mix : one table-spoon in a little watei to be taken every four hours. No. 2. Take of— Prepared chalk 3 drs. Calcined magnesia 2 drs. Lime water 6 ozs. Caustic liquor of potass 1 dr. Mix : one table-spoon in a little watef every three hours. No. 3. Take of— Bicarbonate of pots ss. J dr. Bicarbonate of soda... J^ dr. Carbonate of animonit. 1 scr. Infusion of calumba.. . ($ ozs. Mix : two table-spoons t'.vi'je a day, oi one spoon every three tours. This it a good antacid and stociaehic. No. 4. Take of— Gregory's powder .... 3 drs. Carbonate of soda 1 dr. Mix, and divide into si a powders : one to be taken in peppermint water two or three times a day. No. 5. Take of— Dried carbonate of soda 2 scrs. Rhubarb powder 12 grs. Ginger powder 12 grs. Soap, yellow enougnto make a mass, which divide into six- teen pills: one to be taken before eaob meal, or two night and mornJlng. Appendix to Medical Department. 379 4.stringents, or medicines fob Diarrhea or Relaxation. No. 1. Take of— Prepared chalk 3 drs. Aromatic confection.. 2 drs. Mint water— to make. 6 ozs. Sal-volatile, spirit V/^, drs. Mix: two table-spoong every three hoors till the bowels become more easy. No. 2. Take of— Infusion of roses 5U ozs. Powdered alum 1 dr. Syrup of red poppy V% ot.. Mix : one or two table-spoons as often ^« required. No. 3. Take of— Decoction of oak bark, 5^ ozs. Electuary of catechu "Terra Japonica" 3 drs. Tincture of bark 4 drs. Jix: two table-spoons every four >ours. No. 4. Take of— Prepared chalk 2 drs. Powdered Rhubarb i^ dr. Aromaiic confection.. \% drs. Tincture of rhubarb... ^ oz. Cinnamon water 5»4 ozs. ■tf ix : two table-spoons 3 times a day. No. 5. Take of— Aromatic confection .. 1 dr. Electuary of catechu . . 2 drs. Peppermint water — to 6 ozs. Tincture of catechu... J!^ oz. Tincture of assafCEtida, 30 drops. Laudanum 40 drops. Mix : take two table-spoons every 3 or < hours. This is a very useful mixture when the relaxation is attended with oaln, fla>^lence, and colic griping. No, 6. Take of— Tincture of kino 1 oz. The fourth part to be taken in a little sugar and water in a wine-glass every two hours till the diarrhea i.s subdued. This Is one of the most gen- erally useful astringents and one of the simplest, both for adult and child, that can be used, from ten drops to a tea-spoon, in a little syrup, may be given to a clilld from one to six years of age, repeating the dose if required. See article "Kino." Tonics. No. 1. Take of— Infusion of roses 6 ozs. Quinine 1 scr. Diluted sulphuric acid, 40 drops. Mix : one table-spoon to be taken 3 or 1 times a day. 25 No. 2. Take Of either— Infusion of gentian and orange peel Infusion of calumba and lemon peel Infusion of quassia and cascarilla Infusion of oak bark and cloves 5J4 ozs. Carbonate of ammonia 1 scr. Bicarbonate of potass. 1 dr. Compound tincture of bark J^ oz. Mix : two table-spoons 3 times a day. No. 3. Take of— Hops 2 drs. Orange peel 2 drs. Boiling water 7 ozs. Infuse, strain, and add— Tincture of bark 6 drs. Spirits of sal-volatile... 2 drs. Mix: one table-spoon to be taken every 3 hours. No. 4. Take of— lufusicm of quassia... 6}4 ozs. Tincture of ginger 2 drs. Tincture of the muriate of iron IJ^ drs. Mix : one table-spoon in a little water times a day. No. 5. Take of— Calumba root 2 drs. Cardamom seeds,bruised 1 dr. Ginger root 1 dr. Boiling water 8 ozs. Infuse and strain. Diluted nitro-muriatic acid 40 drops. Mix: one table-spoon to be mixed Willi three of water, and takei every 6 hours, No. 6. Take of— Quinine.. 2 scrs. Ginger powder 1 scr. Extract of gentian, soft, enough to make into a mass. Divide into 20 pills ; one to be taken 1, 2, or 3 times a day, according to the effect required. Embrocations. No. 1. Take of— Compound camphor liniment IV^ ozs. Spirits of sal-volatil«^.. >^ oz. Mix : to be used as required. No. 2. Take of- Compound camphor liniment 1 oz. Opodeldoc 1 oz. Mix. 38o Appendix to Medical Deparimtni. No. 3. Take of— Opodeldoc Moz. Laudanum }^oz. Compound camphor liniment J^oz. Mix. Either of the above forms may be used as an embrocation to rub the throat or Joints in cases of sprains, or w len stimulating applications are re- quired, the last being especially ser- viceable when there is much pain in the part. For hard and swollen breasts, the consequence of accumulated milk, the following prescription will be found of benefit In dispelling the tumid state of the glands : No. 4. Take of— Compound camphor lin- iment 1 oz Spirits of sulphuric ether ^ oz. Mix: to be rubbed lightly over the breast, and then allowed to evaporate. This should not be used more than tliree times a day, and then merely spread over the part. Care must be taken not to use this embrocation near the lire, or the light of a candle or of gas. No. 5. Take of— Tincture of iodine 1 dr. Compound camphor liniment 9 drs Spirits of sal- volatile.. 2 drs. Mix. A good discutient embrocation in cases of scrofulous enlargement of the Joints or glands. Liniments. The following applications will be found useful In all cases of sprains, chronic swellings, weakness of the joints or muscles, and In rheumatism and lumbago : Camphorated Oil. No. 6. Take of— Camphor, cut into small pieces 2 drs. Olive oil 2 ozs. The oil is to be poured on the cam- phor in a bottle, and then placed, without a cork, in a moderately warm oven for an hour or two, till, on shak- ing, the camphor is quite dissolved; or the bottle may be stood in a jug of hot water for the same object, that of dissolving the camphor. This prep- aration may be used alone, or In combination with other ingredients. In cases of dropsy, camphorated oil makes the best external application that can be used; and If rubbed fre- quently over the dropsical part, and for several minutes at a time, will, by Its action on the kidneys, rapidly re- duce the aweiling. No. 7. Tiike of— Camphorated oH .•. 2 on. Turpentine ,,... J^oz. Hartshorn H oz. Mix. A good liniment for rheuoia I Ism, sore throat, ew. No. 8. Take of— Camphorated oil. .. 2 on. Opodeldoc 1 oz. Laudanum 1 oz. Oil of amber. 2 drs. Hartshorn 6 drs. Mix. A useful application for cases of lumbago, spt-ains, etc. No. 9. Take of— Mustard il^v^ oil, theefflcacy of the liniment is ver.i greatly Increaped. No. 12. Take of— Opodeldoc 1 oz. Laudanum 1 oz. Mix. This will be found a very ser- viceable liniment in neuralgia of the head and face, especially if rubbed well into the part, and a piece of pll- ine soaked with the liniment tied on over the at'ected nerve. Gargles. No. 1. Astringent Oargles. Take o^ Red sage 1 oz. Boiling water 10 ozs. Infuse lor 3 hours, strain, and «dd~ Burnt alum. ...... 1 d< Mix, and make a gargio- Appendix to Medical DeparittunL 381 /Co. 2. Take of— Sage tea, made as above 8 ozs. Vinegar 2oii8. Mix for a gargle. No. 3. Take of— Braised oak bark 1 oz. Boiling water 11 ozs £nfuBe for 4 hours, strain, and add— Tincture of catecnu 1 oz. Mix for a gargle. No. 4. Take of— Pomegranate and oak bark, of each 6 drs. Boiling water 12 ozs. Infuse for 4 hours, strain, and add— Powdered alum V/^ drs. «Iix, and make a gargle. No. 5. Take of— Tincture of myrrh }^oz. Tincture of rhatany. .. u oz. Tincture of kino J^ oz. Camphor water 6^ ozs. Mix. The gargle selected should be tuied either every two or every four h )urs, or three times a day, the throat being gargled twice at each time and ihe process continued as long as the r»atient can support the want of t'veath. Care should be taken in all .ases not to swallow the gargle, as it 'aay act unpleasantly on the bowels. Stimulating Oargles. No. 6. Take of— Tincture of capsicum.. 2 drs. Tincture of myrrh 14 oz. Tincture of bark ^ oz. Camphor water 7 ozs. 49ix. No. 7. Take of— Solution of chloride of lime 3 drs. Syrup of ginger ] oz. Water 7 ozs. Mix. No. s. Take of— Infusion of roses. . . 9 ozs. .Syrup of roses 1 oz. Diluted sulphuric acid I dr. Mix. No 9. Take of— Infusion of roses 7 ozs. Burnt, alum 20 grs. Tincture of myrih \^uy.. Simple syrup ^ oz. Mix, and make a gargle. 3Vo. 10. Take of— Cayenne pepper 1 dr. Vinegar 1 pi. Macerate for three days, frequently shaking the bottle; carefaily filter through paper, to prevent the passage of any particle of pepper. Then take of this— Cayenne pepper 3V^ ozs. Camphor water o>| ozs. Tincture of myrrh y^oz. Simple syrup 14 oz. Mix, and make a gargle, to be used inj cases of malignant sore throat, in-i creasing the quantity of the cayenne vinegar half an ounce every time the gargle is repeated. The above prep- aration of cayenne or capsicum vine- gar makes an excellent stimulating condiment with cold meat, useful for persons with weak or sluggish diges- tion. No. 11. Take of— Barley water 10 ozs. Diluted nitric acid 20 drops. Diluted muriatic acid.. 10 drops. Tincture of myrrh 14 oz. Simple syrup l oz. Mix. A good gargle when used with a little water, in cases of sloughing or phagedenic sore throat. Plain warm water, salt and water, vinegar and water, or water in which saltpetre or alum are dissolved, may be used as gargles in cases where sim- ple relaxing or astringent gargles are required. COLLYRIUMS, OR EtE WATERS. Lotions for the eyes are principally of two kinds— those which relax and soothe, and those which stimulate and contract. Sedative Lotions for the Eyes. Warm water is the most universal, and certainly the simplest of all ap- plications for the eyes ; care, however, must be taken that the temperature does not exceed 80° or 85°. Before proceeding to give prescrip- tions for lotions or washes for the eyes, it is necessary to observe here, that in all cases in which those deli- cate organs are afl'ected, as little ac- tual contact with the part as possible should be carried on. Tabbing the '-ye with cloths wetted in the lotion or warm water is by many persons oonsldered the be.sf , indeed, the prop- er mode of procedure; this, however. Is a decided mistake, and an error tnore likely to injure than benefit the afiected organ. When fomentations are required, a piece of lint four or five times doubled to the size of the part should be soaked in the liquid ordered, and the excess of moisture pressed out, laid smoothly over the closed eye, a thin handkerchief or length of bandage being passed aoroM 382 Appendix to Medical Department. the head merely to keep the dressings in their place ; but when the eye is to be washed or bathed in the lotion pre- scribed, an eye-glass, a vessel made for the purpose, and of a proper shape, should always be employed. Into this species of egg-cup glass a portion of the lotion is to be poured, till the ves- sel is full ; the lids of the affected eye are then to be separated with the tliumb and finger of the left hand, and so kept apart till the right hand lias placed and fitted the glass of lo- tion to the eyebrow, the head being bent to meet it : the left-hand fingers are then to be removed, and by a gen- tle motion of the glass with the right hand, the lotion shaken over the un- covered globe of the eye. When the eye is ordered to be bathed every two or tliree hours, the process just de- scribed should be repeated two or three times on each occasion, fresh lotion being put in the glass every two or three hours, or on each return of the prescribed time. No. 1. Take of— Three poppy heads, cut small. Water lOozs. Boil slowly down to 6 ounces, strain, and use lukewarm, either as a fomen- tation on lint, or as a lotion in the eye-glass. No. 2. Take of— Decoction of poppy heads as above 6 ozs. Sugar of lead 12grs. Dissolve, and make a collyrium. No. 3. Take of— Camomile flowers !^ oz. Water 10 ozs. Boil slowly for two hours, strain, ano use the lukewarm liquid either as- ^. fomentation or as a lotion. No. 4. Take of the— Decoction of camomile, as above 6 ozs. Sulphate of zinc 6 grs. Dissolve, and make an eye-water. No. 5. Take of— Laudanum 1 dr. Water 6ozs. Mix; make an eye lotion. No. a. Take of— Extract of henbane 10 gr» Extract of hemlock ... 10 grs Water 6ozsi Mix, and make a soothlnfj lotion. No. 7. Take of— Powdered opium 4 grs. Sugar of lead 10 grs. Hot water 20 ozs. Rub down, mix, and strain, to ma&& a soothing lotion; to be used when nearly cold. Stimulating Lotions for the Eyes. No. 8. Take of— Distilled water 8 ozs. Spirits of wine 1 dr. Mix, and make a lotion. No. 9. Take of— Camphor water 6 ozs. . Sulphate of zinc 6 grs. Dissolve. No. 10. Take of— Elder fiower water 6 ozs. Sulphate of zinc 6 grs. Sugar of lead 6 grs. dissolve. No. 11. Take of— Distilled water 6 ozs. Sulphate of copper 4 grs. Dissolve. No. 12. Take of— Distilled water 6 ozs. Lunar caustic 3 grs. Dissolve. A TABLE OF THE DOSES OF y HE ARTICLES MOST FREQUENTL) EMPLOYED IN MEDICINE. Adtdt dose. Aloes powder itolOgrs. Alum powder 10 to 20 grs. Ammonia, carbonate. . . 5 to 10 grs. Antimony powder 4 to 6 grs. Aromatic confection ... 10 to 20 grs. Asafoetida 2 to 5 grs. Bark, Peruvian, powder 1 to 2 drs. Holladonna extract Ytto U^grs. Benzoic acid 5 to 10 grs. Bismuth, nitrate 5 to 10 grs. Calomel 4 to 6 grs. Advit doM. Calumba powder 2 to 6 grs. Camphor 1 to 4gr.<. Catechu infusion 1 to 2 os«. Chloroform 3 to 10 drojr* Colchicum powder 3 to 8 grs. Colchicum vinegar 20to60dror/L Colchicum wine .";) to 30 drop? Colocynth ext ract .... 6 to 10 grs. Colocyntli powder 4 to 8 grs. Crotonoil 1 to Sdropj Cuoebsoil lA to 20 dro,»a Appendix to MtdiedX Department 383 Advlt dose. Cubebs powder >4 to 1 dr. Digitalis extract 1 to 6 grs- Dover's powder 10 grs. Elaterium J^ to 1 gr. Ergot of rye 30 to 60 grs. Oalbanum 4 to 10 grs. Qentian extract 5 to 10 grs. Qeuti an infusion 1 to 2ozs. Ginger powder 3 to 6 grs. Quaiaciuu powder 10 to 2U grs. Qum 2 to 3 drs. Henbane extract 10 to 15 grs. Iodine ^to%grs. Iodide of potassium 3 to 10 grs. Ipecacuautia powder 1 gr. as an emetic, 10 grs. Ipecacuanlia wine 10 to 30 drops Jaiap powder 10 to 15 grs. James's powder 4to 6grs. Kino powder 6tol0grs. Ma gnesia, calcined H to 1 dr. Magnesia, carbonate 1 to IH drs. Manna 3 to 4 drs. Mercury ^ to 1 oz. Morpliia, acetate J4 to Igr. Muslt 5 to 10 grs. Oil, castor 6 to 8 drs. Oil, essential, of pepper- mint, etc 1 drop. Opium gum • 1 to 2 grs. Opium powder Igr. Poppy extract 10 to 15 grs. Potass, bicarbonate 20 to 30 grs. Potass, sulphate 20 to 60 grs. Q,uassia infusion 1 to 2ozs. Quinine 1 to 6 grs. Rhubarb extract 6 to 10 grs. Rhubarb powder 10 to 15 grs. Salts, Epsom 6tol0drs. Salts, tasteless . — 1 oz. Sarsaparilla extract. 1 to 2 drs. Sarsap jrilla powder ^ to 2 drs. Sarsaparilla, compound decoction 4 to 6 ozs. Scamraony powder. . . 10 to 15 grs. Senna confection 2 to 4 drs. .Senna infusion 2 to 3 ozs. Senna powder 1 to 1V4 drs. •Soda, carbonate 20 to 60 grs. Squills powder 1 to 3 grs. Squills syrup 1 to 2 drs. Squills vinegar 30 to 60 drops Sulphur, milk of 2 to 3 drs. Sulphur, sublimed 2 drs. T»ii-tar emetic 1 to 2gis. Adult dose. Turpentine »4 to 4 drs. Tolu balsam 20 to 30 grs. Tolu syrup 2 to 4 drs. Tragacanth, compoand powder 20 to 40 grs. Valerian powder 10 grs. Whortleberry powder... 20 to 40 grs. Zinc, sulphate 1 to 2 grs. Zinc, as an emetic 15 to 30 grs. For the dose of liquid preparations, see "'Tincture." In the above list of dru"S, the amounts ordered are for adult males; as a general rule, fe- males require one-tourth less than males. For ihe exact quantities nec- essary for children it is not easy to i lay down any special rule, as some children require a much larger 1 ro- portlon than others. Of calomel and purgative medicines, children can bear very large doses in proportion to the standard quantity for the adult; with opium and the narcotics, the fact is just the reverse, all such arti' cles demanding great care and judg- ment. The following taole is acted upon by some medical men, but we cannot recommend it as a certain guide to the exact quantity to be given; to ascertain that fact, the reader is referred either to the article in its place in the Recipe Book, or to the prescriptions for children's pow- ders. Rule. A child from 1 to 2 months requires from a flfteenth to a twenty-fourth ol an adult dose. A child at 6 months requires one- eigliteenth of a fuii dose. A child from 9 to 12 months requires one-Iifleeuth of an adult or full dose- A child of "2 years, one- fourteenth. A child of 5 years, three-eighths. A child of 8 years, one-half. A boy of 12 years, five- eighths. A lad ot 16 years, three-fourths. And at 20 years, seven-eighths. To make the above remarks more practical, if we suppose the dose of powdered senna for an adult of 30 years of age to be one drachm, then for a person between il and 11 years ol age it would be two-tnlrds of a drachm, or 2 scruples. From 14 to 7 years of age, one-half, or half a drachm. From 7 to 4 years of age, one-third of the full dose, or one scruple. For a child 4 years of age, one- fourth, or 16 grains. For a child 3 years of age, one-sixth, or 10 grains. For a child 2 years of age. one- eighth, or 8 grains ; and For a child 1 year old, one- twelfth, or & grains. ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. BY THE PUBLISHER. ACCIDENTS.— -^Zwai^s send for a surgeon immediately an accident occurs, but treat as directtd until he arrives. In both Scalds and Burns, the following facts cannot be too firmly impressed on the mind of the reader, that in either of these ac- cidents the first, best, and often the only remedies required, are sheets of wadding, fine wool, or carded cotton, and in default of these, yiolet powder, flour, magnesia, or chalk. The object for which these several articles are employed is the same in each instance ; namely, to exclude the air from the injured part; for if the air can be effectually shutout from the raw surface, and care is taken not to expose the tender part till the new cuticle is formed, the cure may be safely left to nature. The moment a person is called to a case of scald or burn, he should cover the part with a sheet or a portion of a sheet of wadding, taking care not to break any blister that may have formed, or stay to remove any burnt clothes that may adhere to the surface, but as quickly a? possible envelop every part of the injury from all access of the air, laying one or two more pieces of wadding on the first, so as effectually to guard the burn or scald from the irritation of the atmosphere; and if the article used is wool or cotton, the same precaution, of adding more material where the surface is thinlj'^ covered, must be adopted; a light bandage finally securing all in their places. Any of the popular remedies recommended below may be employed when neither wool, cotton, nor wadding are to be procured, it being always remembered that that article which will best exclude the air from a burn or scald is the best, quickest, and least painful mode of treatment. And in this respect nothing has surpassed cotton loose or attached to paper as in wadding. If the Skin is mach Injured in Bams, spread some linen pretty thickly with chalk ointmeat, and lay over the part, and give the pa- tient some brandy and water if much exhausted; then send for a medical man. If not much injured, and very painful, use the same ointment, or apply carded cotton dipped in lime water and linseed oil. If you please, you may lay cloths dipped in ether over the parts, or cold lotions. Treat scalds in the same manner, or cover with scraped raw potato; but the chalk ointment is the best. In the absence of all these, cover the injured part with molasses, and duat over it plenty of flour. Body in Flames. — Lay the person down on the floor of the room, and throw the tablecloth, rug, or other large cloth over him, and roll him on the floor. Dirt in tlie Eye. — Place your forefinger upon the cheek-bone, having the patient before you; then dra«v up the finger, and you will probably be able to remove the dirt; but if this will not enable you to get at it, repeat this operation while you have a netting-needle or bod- kin placed over the eyelid; this will turn it inside out, and enable you to remove the sand, or eyelash, et«., with the •oraer of a fine silk Accidents and Emergencies. 385 hundkercliief. As soon as the substance Is removed, bathe the eye with cold water, and exclude the light for a day. If the inflammation is severe, tiike a purgative, and use a refrigerant lotion. Lime in the Eye. — Syringe it -well with warm vinegar and water (1 oz. to 8 ozs. of water) ; take a purgative, and exclude light. Iron or Steel Spicnlffi in the Eye.— These occur while turning Iron or steel in a lathe, and are best remedied by doubling back the upper or lower eyelid, according to the situation of the substance, and with the flat edge of a silver probe, taking up the metallic particle, using a lotion made by dissolving six grains of sugar of lead, and the same of white vitriol, in six ounces of water, and bathing the eye three times a day till the inflammation subsides. Another plan is — Drop a solution of sulphate of copper (from one to three grains of the salt to one ounce of water) into the eye, or keep the eye open in a wine-glass of the solution. Take a purgative, bathe with cold lotion, and ex- ■^lude li^ht to keep down inflammation. Dislocated Thumb.— This is frequently produced by a fall. Mak« ■I clove hitch, by passing two loops of cord over the thumb, placing a piece of rag under the cord to prevent it cutting the thumb; then pull ^n the same line as the thumb. Afterwards apply a cold lotion. Cuts and Wounds.— Clean cut wounds, whether deep or super- ficial, and likely to heal by the first intention, should never be washeA or cleaned, but at once evenly and smoothly closed by bringing both ^dges close together, and securing them in that position by adhesive plaster. Cut thin strips of sticking-plaster, and bring the paits to- gether; or if large and deep, cut two broad pieces, so as to look like the teeth of a comb, and place one on each side of the wound, which oiust be cleaned previously. These pieces must be arranged bo that they shall interlace one another; then, by laying hold of the pieces on the right side with one hand, and those on the other side with the other hand, and pulling them from one another, the edges of the •vound are brought together without any difficulty. Ordinary Cuts are dressed by thin strips, applied by pressing down the plaster on one side of the wound, and keeping it there and pulling in tiie opposite direction; then suddenly depressing the hand ^hen the edges of the wound are brought together. Contusions are best healed by laying a piece of folded lint, well wetted with the extract of lead, on the part, and, if there is much pain, placing a hot bran poultice over the dressing, repeating both, if necessary, every two hours. When the injuries are very severe, lay a cloth over the part, and suspend a basin over it filled with cold lotion. Put a piece of cotton into the basin, so that it shall allow the lotion to drop on the cloth, and thus keep it always wet. Hemorrliage, when caused by an artery being divided or torn, may be known by the blood issuing out of the wound in leaps or jerks, and being of a briglit scarlet color. If a vein is injured, the blood is darker and flows continuously. To arrest the latter, apply pressure by means of a compress and bandage. To arrest arterial bleeding, get a piece of wood (part of a mop handle will do), and tie a piece of tape to one end of it; then tie a piece of tape loosely over the arm, and pass the other end of the wood under it; twist the stick round and round until the tape compresses the arm sutticiently to arrest the bleeding, and tlien confine the other end by tying the string around the I'-rn. A compress made by enfolding a penny piece in several folrtij of lint or linen should, however, be first placed under the tape au'i '/ver the artery. If the bleeding is very obstinate, and it occurs 386 Appendix to Medical Department. in the arm^ place a cork underneath the string, on tlie In8i4e of th» flesliy part, wliere the artery may be felt beating by any one; if in the Ug^ place a cork in the direction of a line drawn from the inner part of the knee towards the outer part of the groin. It is an excellent thing to accustom yourself to find out the position of tliese arteries, or, in- deed, any that are superficial, and to explain to every person in }'Our house where they are, and how to stop bleeding. If a stick cannot be got, take a handkerchief, make a cord bandage of it, and tie a knot in the middle ; the knot acts as a compress, and should be placed over the artery, while the two ends are to be tied around the thumb. Observe always to placs the ligature between the wound and the heart. Putting your finger into a bleeding wound, and making pressure until a sur- geon arrives, will generally stop violent bleeding. Bleeding from the Nose, from whatever cause, may generally be stopped by i)utting a plug of lint into the nostrils; if this does not do, apply a cold lotion to the forehead; raise the head, and place over it both arms, so that it will rest on the hands; dip the lint plug, slightly moistened, into some powdered gum arable, and plug the nostrils again; or dip tlie plug into equal parts of powdered gum arable and alum, and plug the nose. Or the plug may be dipped in Friar's balsam, Of tincture of kino. Heat should be applied to the feet; and, in obstinate cases, tlie sudden shock of a cold key, or cold water poured down th« spine, will often instantly stop the bleeding. If the bowels are com fined, take a purgative. Violent Shocks will sometimes stun a person, and he will remain unconscious. Untie strings, collars, etc.; loosen anything that Is tight and interferes with the breathing ; raise the head; see if there is bleed ing from any part; apply smelling-salts to the nose, and hot bottles t». the feet. In Concussion, the surface of the body is cold and pale, and th* pulse weak and small, the breathing slow and gentle, and the pupil of the eye generally contracted or small. You can get an answer by speaking loud, so as to arouse the patient. Give a little brandy ant} water, keep the place quiet, apply warmth, and do not raise the head too high. If you tickle the feet, the patient feels it. In Compression of the Brain, from any cause, such as apoplexj or a piece of fractured bone pressing on it, there is loss of sensatioi^ If you tickle the feet of the injured person, he does not feel it. Tou cannot arouse him so as to get an answer. The pulse is slow and la bored; the breathing deep, labored, and snorting ; the pupil enlarged Raise the head, loosen strings or tight things, and send for a surgeon. If one cannot be got at once, apply mustard poultices to the feet and thighs, leeches to the temples, and hot water to the feet. Choking. — When a person has a fish bone in the throat, in«iert the forefinger, press upon the root of the tongue, so as to induce vomiting; if this does not do, let him swallow a large piece of potato or soft bread; and if these fail, give a mustard emetic. Fainting, Hysterics, etc. — Loosen the garments, bathe tbe tem- ples with water or eau-de-Cologne; open the window, admit plenty of fresh air, dash cold water on the face, apply hot bricks to the feet, and avoid bustle and excessive sympathy. Drowning. — Attend to the following essential rules : 1. Lose no time. 2. Handle the body gently. 3. Carry the body face down^J^ard, with tli(! iiead gently raised, and never hold it up by the feet. 4. Send for m;>(Ucal assistance immediatel3^ and in the meantime act /« fol- lows : 5. Strip the body, rub it dryj then wrap it in hot blanket*^ Accidents and Emergencies. 387 And place it in a warm bed in a warm room. 6. Cleanse away the froth and mucus from the nose and mouth. 7. Apply warm bricks, bottles, bao^s of sand, etc., to the armpits, between the thighs, and to the soles of the feet. 8. Rub the surface of the body with the hands enclosed in warm dry worsted socks. 9. If possible, put the body into a warm bath. 10. To restore breathing, put the pipe of a common bellows into one nostril, carefully closing the other, and the mouth ; at the same time drawing downward, and pushing gently backward, the upper part of the windpipe, to allow a more free admission of air; blow the bellows gently, in order to inflate the lungs, till the breast be raised a little; then set the mouth and nostrils free, and press gently on tlie chest; repeat this until signs of life appear. The body should be covered the moment it is placed on the table, except the face, and all tiie rubbing carried on under the sheet or blanket. When tiiey can be obtained, a number of tiles or bricks should be made tolerably hot In the fire, laid in a row on the table, covered with a blanket, and the body placed in such a manner on them, that their heat may enter the spine. When the patient revives, apply smelling-salts to the nose, give warm wine, or brandy and water. Cautions : — 1. Never rub the body with salt or spirits. 2. Never roll the body on casks. 3. Con- tinue the remedies for twelve hours without ceasing Hanging. — Loosen the cord, or wliatever suspended the person; open the temporal artery or jugul.ir vein, or bleed from the arm ; em- ploy electricity, if at hand, and proceed as for drowning, taking the additional precaution to apply eight or ten leeches to the temples. Apparent Death from Druukenness. — Raise the head, loosen the clothes, maintain warmth of surface, and give a mustard emetic as soon as the person can swallow. Apoplexy and Fits Generally. — Raise the head ; loosen all tight clothes, strings, etc. ; apply cold lotions to the head, which should be shaved; apply leeches to the temples, bleed, and send for a surgeon. Suffocation from Noxious Gfases, etc. — Remove to the fresh air; dash cold vinegar and water in the face, neck, and breast; keep up Uie wannth of the body; if necessary, apply mustard poultices to the loles of the feet and sniue, and try artificial respirations as in drown- ing, with electricity. Lightning and Sun-Stroke.— Treat the same as apoplexy. POISONS.— General Observations.— The abbreviations used are as follows: B., effects or symptoms; T., treatment; A., antidotes or counter poisons ; D. A., dangerous antidotes. A Poison is a Substance which is capable of altering or destroy- ing some or all of the functions necessary to life. When a person is in good health, and is suddenly attacked, after having taken some food or drink, with violent pain, cramp in the stomacli. feeling of sickness or nausea, vomiting, convulsive twltchuigs, and a sense of suffocation; or if he be seized, under the same circnmstances, with giddiness, dehr- ium, or unusual sleepiness, then poisoning may be supposed. Poisons have been divided into four classes : 1. Those causing local symptoms. 2. Those producing spismodic symptoms. 3. Nar- cotic or sleepy symptoms; and, 4. Paralytic symptoms. Poisons may be mineral, animal, or vegetable. 1. Always send immediately for a medical man. 2. Save all fluids vomited, and articles of food, cups, glasses, etc., used by tlie patient before being taken ill, and lock them up. 3. Examine the cups, to guide you in your treatment; that is, smell them, and look at tliem. As a nde. give emetics, after poisoas tliat cause sleepiness and rav- 3S8 Appendix to Medical Department. ing ; chalk, milk, eggs, butter, and warm water, or oil, after poison, that cause Yomiting and pain in the stomach and bowels, with purg- ing; and when there is no inflammation about the throat, tickle it with a feather to excite vomiting. Arsenic— C White arsenic ; orpiment, or yellow arsenic ; realgar, rea a/rsenic ; SeheeWs green, or arsenite of copper / King^s yellow ; agve drops ; and arsenical paste. )—E. Little or no taste. Within an hour, heat and pain in the stomach, followed by vomiting of green, yellow, and blood\ matter, burning, and violent thirst; purgiu":, and twisting about tlic navel; pulse small, quick, and irregular, breathing labored, voice hoarse, speaking painful ; skin cold and clammy. Sometimes th«:re are cramps and convulsions, followed by death. T. Give plenty of warm water, new milk in large quantities, lime water, white of e^g, mixed with gruel or honey, gruel, linseed tea; apply leeches to the bowels, foment, and give starch or gruel enemas. Scrape the iron rust off any- thing yoLi can get at, mix it with plenty of water, and give in large draughts frequently, and give an emetic of mustard or ipecacuanha. The chief dependence, however, must be placed on the use of the stomach-pump. Caution. — Never give large draughts of fluid until those given before have been vomited, because the stomach will not contract properly if filled with fluid, and the object is to get rid of the poison as speedily as possible. Copper — (Blue vitriol, or blv^stone ; verdigris; verditer ; verdigrit crystals.) — E. An acid, rough, disagreeable taste iu the mouth; a dry, p.irched tongue, with sense of strangling in the throat; coppery eruc- tations; frequent spitting; nausea; frequent desire and effort to vomit, or copious vomiting; severe darting pains in the stomach; griping; frequent purging; belly swollen and painful; skin hot, and violent burning thiist; breathing difficult; intense headache and giddiness, followed by cold sweats, cramps in the legs, convulsions, and death. A. White of eggs mixed with water (twelve to one pint), to be given in wine-glassfuls every two minutes; iron tilings mixed with water, 01 very strong coflee, accompanied by small and repeated doses of castor oil. D. A. Vinegar, bark, alkalies, gall nuts. T. If there is much pain in the belly or stomach, apply leeches. Give large draughts 0/ milk and water, to encourage vomiting. Mercury — ( Corrosive sublimate ; calomel ; red precipitate ; vermil/ ion; turbeth mineral; prussiate of mercury.) — E. Acid metallic taste", tightness and burning in the throat; pain in the back part of the mouth, stomach, and bowels; anxiety of countenance ; nausea; and vomiling of bloody and bilious fluids; profuse purging, and difliculty of maldng water; pulse small, hard, and quick; skin clammy, icy coldness of the hands and feet ; and death iu 24 or 36 hours. A. White of eggs mixed with water, given as above; milk; flour and water, mixed pretty thick; linseed tea; and barley water. T. Give large draughts of warm water, if you cannot get anything else : strong emetic of ipecacuanha, the stomach-pump, a dose of castor oil and laudanum Foment the bowels with poppy-head fomentations, and apply leeches if the belly is very tender. Autimon^ — ( TaHar emetic; butter of; Kermcs'' mineral.) — E. A rough metallic taste in the mouth, nausea, copious vomiting.s, sudden hiccup, purging, colicy pains, frequent and violent cramps, sense of choking, severe heartburn, pain at the pit of the stomach, difficult breathing, wildness of speech, cramps iu the legs, and death. A. De- coction or tincture of galls; strong tea; decoction or powder of Peru- Tian bark. D. A. White vitriol, ipecacuanha, as emetics. T Give Accidents and Emergencies. 3^9 tcM^G draughts of water, or sugar and water, to promote vomiting ; ap- ply leeclies to the throat and stomach, if painful; and give one grain ot extract of opium dissolved in a wine-glass of sugar and water, as soon as the vomiting ceases, and repeat three times at intervals of a quarter of an hour; and finally, one grain, in a little castor oil emul- sion, every six hours. tin— ( Butter of tin ; putty powder.)—^. Colic and purging. A. Milk. T. Give warm or cold water to promote vomiting, or tickle the throat with a feather. Zinc — ( White vitriol ; flowers of; chloride of.) — E. An astringent taste, sensation of choking, nausea, vomiting, purging, pain and burn- ing in the throat and stomach, difficult breathing, pallor and coldness of the surface, pinched face, cramps of the extremities, but, with the exception of tlie chloride, seldom death. A. For the two first give copious draughts of milk, and white of eggs and water, mucilage, and olive oil; for the third, carbonate of soda, and warm water in fre- quent draugiits, with the same as for the other compounds. T. Relieve urgent symptoms by leeching and fomentations, and after the vomiting giv castor oil. For the chloride, use frictions and warmth. Silver — (Lunar caustic ; floicers of silver.) Gold — f Chloride of ;) and Bismuth — (Nitrate ; flowers of; pearl lohitc ;J — Are not frequently met with as poisons. E. Burning pain in the tliroat, mouth, accom- panied with the usual symptoms of corrosive poisons. A. For silver, common salt and water; for gold and bismuth, no antidotes are known. T. Give milk and mucilaginous fluids, and castor oil. Acids — (Hydrochloric, or spirit of salt; nitric, or aquafortis; sul- phuric, or oU of vitriol). — Acid burning taste, acute pain in the gullet and throat, vomiting of bloody fluid, which efi'ervesces when chalk is added to it ; hiccup, tenderness of the bellj% cold sweats, pinched face, convulsions, and death. A. Give calcined magnesia, chalk, soap and water. Administer frequent draughts of water to weaken the acid; the carbonate of soda, potass, or magnesia, to neutralize it; thick soap Buds, made with common soap; chalk,» or in default of the alkalies md chalk, break down the plaster of the wall or ceiling, mix in wa- ter, and give the sufferer. Excite vomiting, and repeat the remedies till all the acid is neutralized. Chlorine (Oas).—E. Violent coughing, tightness of the chest debility, inability to stand. A. The vapor of caustic ammonia to be Inhaled, or 10 drops of liquid ammonia to 1 oz. of water to be taken. T. Dash cold water over the face, and relieve urgent symptoms. Lead— f/Sitgrar of ; red lead; wine sweetened by ; and water impreg- nated with).—E. Sugary astringent metallic taste, tightness of the throat, colicy pains, violent vomiting, hiccup, convulsions, and death. A. Epsom or Glauber's salt ; plaster of Paris ; or phosphate of soda. T. An emetic of sulphate of zinc (24 grs. to % pt. of water) ; leeches to belly; fomentations if necessary; and » castor oil mixture with laudanum Phosphorus.— E. Intense burning and pain in the throat and •tomach. A. Magnesia and carbonate of soda. T. Large draughts of cold water, and tickle the throat with a feather. Caution.— Do not give oil or milk. Lime.— E. Burning in the throat and stomach, cramps in the belly, hiccup, vomiting, and paralysis of limbs. A. Vinegar or lemon juice. T. Thin starch water to be drank frequently. AlVtLlies—( Caustic ; potash; soda; ammonia). — E. Acrid, hot, dis- a«reent)le taste ; burning in tlae throat, nausea, and vomiting bloody ^go Appendix to Medical Department. matter; profuse purging, pain in the stomach, colic, convulsions, and death. A. Vineo^ar and vegetable acids. T. Give linseed tea, milk, almond or olive oil, and excite vomiting. Baryta — (Carbonate, pure, and muriate). — See "Lime." Nitre. — E. Heartburn, nausea, violent vomiting, purging, convul- sions, difficult breathing, violent pain in the bowels, kidney, and blad- der, with bloody urine. T. Emetics, frequent draughts of barley water, with castor oil and laudanum. Narcotic Poisons — (Bane berries ; fools'' parsley ; deadly nigMsTuide; water Tiendoek ; thorn applet opium; camphor, etc.). — E. Giddiness, faintness, nausea, vomiting, stupor, delirium, and death. T. Give emetics, large draughts of fluids, tickle the throat, apply smelling- salts to the nose, dash cold water over the face and chest, apply mus- tard poultices, and, above all, endeavor to rouse the patient by walk- ing between two persons; and, if possible, by electricity; and give 40 drops of sal-volative in strong cofffee every half hour. Vegetable Irritating Poisons — ( Mezereon; monk^s-hood ; bitter ap- ple ; gamboge ; white h'llehore, etc.).--E. Acrid, biting, bitter taste, choking sensation, dryness of the tiiroat, retching, vomiting, purging, pains iu the stomach and bowels, breathing difficult, and death. T. Give emetics of camomile, mustard, or sulphate of zinc; large draughts of warm milk, or other bland fluids; foment and leech the belly i1 necessary, and give strong infusion of coffee. Oxalic Acid. — E. Vomiting and acut^e pain in the stomach, gen- eral debility, cramps, and deatli. A. Chalk. T. Give large draughts of lime water or magnesia. Spanish Flies. — E. Acrid taste, burning heat in the throat, stom- ach, and belly, bloody vomitings, colic, purging, retention of urine, convulsions, death. T. Large draughts of olive oil, thin gruel, milk, starch enemas, linseed tea, laudanum, and camphorated water. Poisonous Fish — (Old-wife; sea-lobster; mussel; tunny; blower j rock-fish, etc.). — E. Intense pain in the stomach after swallowing the fish, vomiting, purging, and sometimes cramps. T. Give an emetic; excite vomiting by tickling the throat, and plenty of warm water. Follow emetics by active purgatives, particularly of castor oil and laudanum, or opium and calomel, and abate inflammation by the usual remedies. Bites of Reptiles — (Viper; black viper; Indian serpents; rattle- snake). — E. Violent and quick inflammation of the part, extending toward the body, soon becoming livid; nausea, vomiting, convulsions, difficult breathing, mortification, cold sweats, and death. T. Suppose that the wrist has been bitten : immediately tie a tape between the wound and the heart, scarify the parts with a penknife, razor, or lan- cet, and apply a cupping-ghiss over the bite, frequently removing it and bathing the wound with volatile alkali, or heat a poker and burn the wound well, or drop some of Sir Wm. Burnett's disinfecting fluid into the wound, or cautei'ize the bite freely with lunar caustic, but not till the part has been well sucked witli tlie mouth, or frequently washed and cupped. The strength is to be supported by brandy, ammonia, ether, and opium. Give plenty of warm drinks, and cover up in bed. Bite of Mad Animals. — E. Hydroi.liobia, or a fear of fluids. T. Tie a string tightly over the pa it, cut out the bite, and cauterize the wound with a red-hot poker, lunar caustic, or Sir Wm. Burnett's dis- infecting fluid. Then apply a piece of "spougio-piline," give a pur- gative, and plenty of warm drink. Wiienever chloroform can be nro- oured, sprinkle a few drops upon a handkerchief, and apply U t»>e Accidents and Emergencies. 391 /lose and mouth of the patient before cauterizing the WDund. "When the breathing appears difficult, cease the application of the chloroform. A physician, writing in the Times, strongly urges this course, and statea that tliere is no danger, with ordinary care, in the application of the chloroform, wliile the cauterization may be more effectively per- formed. Insect Stings — ( Was'p, ^ee, gnat, hornet, gadfly, scorpion). — E. Swelling, nausea, and fever. T. Press the barrel of a watch-key over the part, so as to expose the sting, which must be removed. Give 15 drops of hartshorn or sal-volatile in half a wine-glass of camomile tea, and cover the part stung with a piece of lint soaked in extract of lead. Cautions for the Prevention of Accidents. — The following regu- lations should be engraved on the memory of all : As many sudden deaths come by water, particular caution is there- ^'ore necessary in its vicinity. Stand not near a tree, or any leaden spout, iron gate, or palisade, 11 times of liglitning. Lay loaded guns in safe places, and never imitate firing a gun in 'est. Never sleep near charcoal ; if drowsy at any work where charcoal ■'res are used, take tlie fresh air. Carefully rope trees before they are cut down, that when they fall 'hey may do no injury. When benumbed'with cold, beware of sleeping out of doors; rub vourself, if you have it in your power, with snow, and do not hastily '»j)pnjach the fire. Beware of damps. Air vaults, by letting them remain open some time before you «nter, or scattering powdered lime in them. Where a lighted candle will not burn, animal life cannot exist ; it will be an excellent c aution, 'herefore, before entering damp and confined places, to try this simple •experiment. Never leave saddle or draught horses, while in use, by themselves' •'or go immediately behind a led horse, as he is apt to kick. Do not ride on footways. Be wary of children, whether they are up or in bed; and particu- •iu-ly when they are near the fire, an element with which they are very «tpt to amuse themselves. Leave nothing poisonous open or accessible ; and never omit to write the word "PoisON" in large letters upon it, wherever it may be placed. in walking the streets keep out of the line of the cellars, and never look one way and walk another. Never throw pieces of orange peel, or broken glass bottles, into the streets. Never meddle with gunpowder by candle-light. In trimming a lamp with naphtha, never fill it. Leave space for tlie spirit to expand with warmth. Never quit a room leaving the poker in the fire. Wlien the brass rod of the stair carpet becomes loose, fasten it immediately. In opening effervescing drinks, such as soda water, hold the cork In your hand. Quit your house with care on a frosty morning. Have your horses' shoes roughed directly there are indications of tr*st. 392 Appendix to Medical Department. Keep lucifer matches in their cases, and never let them be strewefl about. Aceidents in Carriages. — It is safer, as a general rule, to keep your place than to jump out. Getting out of a gig over the back, provided you can hold on a little while, and run, is safer than spring- ing from the side. But it is best to keep your place, and hold fast. In accidents people act not so much from reason as from excitement; but good rules, tirmly impressed upon the mind, genei-ally rise upper- most, even in the midst of fear. Life Belts. — An excellent and cheap life belt, for persons pro- ceeding to sea, bathing in dangerous places, or learning to swim, may be thus made: Take a yard and three-quarters of strong jean, double, and divide into nine compartments. Let there be a space of two inclies after each third compartment. Fill the compartments with very tine cuttings of cork, which may be made by cutting up old corks, or (still better) purchased at the corkcutter's. Work eyelet holes at the bottom of each compartment, to let the water drain out. Attach a neck-band and waist-strings of stout boot-web, and sew them on strongly. Another. — Cut open an old boa, or victorine, and line it with fine cork-cuttings instead of wool. For ladies going to sea these are excellent, as they may be worn in stormy weather, without giving -ip. pearance of alarm in danger. They may be fastened to the body bj' ribbons or tapes, of the color of the fur. Gentlemen's waistcoats may be lined the same way. Charcoal Fumes. — The usual remedies for persons overcome witi the fumes of charcoal in a close apartment are, to throw cold water oti the head, and to bleed immediately; also apply mustard or hartshon- to the soles of the feet. Cautions in Visiting tlie Sick.— Do not visit the sick when you are fatigued, or when in a state of perspiration, or with the stomach empty — for in such conditions you are liable to take the infection When the disease is very contagious, place yourself at the side of tht patient which is nearest to the window. Do not enter the room early in the morning, before it has been aired; and when you come away, take some food, change your clothing immediately, and expose the latter to the air for some days. Tobacco smoke is a preventive of malaria. Children and Cntlery.— Serious accidents having occurred to babies through their catching hold of the blades of sharp instruments the following hint will be useful. If a child lay hold of a knife or razor, do not try to pull it away, or to force open the hand ; but, hold- iiig the child's hand that is empty, offer to its other hand anything nice or pretty, and it will immediately open the hand, and let the danger- ous instrument fall. Directing Letters.— It may sound like being over particular, but we recommend persons to make a practice of fully addressing notes, etc., on all occasions; when, in case of their being dropped by ccreless messengers (wliich is not a rare occurrence), it is evident for whom they are intended, without undergoing the inspection of any other parties beuring a similar name. Prevention of Fires.— The following simple suggestions are worthy of observation : Add one ounce of alum to the last water used to rinse children's dresses, and they will be rendered uninflammable, or so slightly combustible that they would take fire very slowly, if at all, and would not tiame. This is a simple precaution, whi«h may be adopted in families of children. Bed curtauis, and linen in Arv»e«-aL Accidents and Emergencies. 393 anj also he treated in the same way. Since the occurrence of many amentable deaths by fire, arisiii low as that tne water may come over the mouth. " If, therefore, a person unacquainted with swimming, and falling acci- dentally into the water, could have presence of mind sufficient to avoid •truggling and plunging, and to let the body take this natural position, he mlglit continue long safe from drowning, till, perhaps, help should come j for, as to the clothes, their additional weight when Immersed is very inconsider- able, the water supporting it; though, when he comes out of the water, he >rill find them very heavy Indeed. "But I would not advise any one to depend on having this presence of mind on such an occasion, but learn lalrly to swim, as I wish all men were taught to do in their youth ; they would, on many occasions, be the safer for having that skill; and, on many more, the happier, as free from painful apprehen- sions of danger, to say nothing of the enjoyment in so delightful and whole- some an exercise. Soldiers particularly should, methlnks, all be taught to Bwlm; It might be of frequent use, either in surprising an enemy or saving themselves ; and if I had now boys to educate, I should prefer those schools (other things being equal) where an opportunity was afforded for acquiring so advantageous an art, which, onqe learned, is never forgotten. " I know by experience, that it is a great comfort to a swimmer, who has • considerable distance to go, to turn himself sometimes on his back, and to Tary, in othei respects, the means of procuring a progressive mot Ion. " When he Is seized with the cramps in the leg, the method of driving it away is to give the parts affected a sudden, vigorous, and violent shock ; which he may do in the air as he swims on his back. •' During the great heat in summer, there is no danger in bathing, how- ever warm we may be, in rivers which have been thoroughly warmed by the sun But to throw one's self into cold spring water, when the body has beeri heated by exercise in the sun, is an Imprudence which may prove tatal. I once knew an instance of four young men who, having worked at harvest in the heat of the day, with a view of refreshing themselves, plunged into a spring of cold water; twodiedupon the spot, the third next morning, and the fourth recovered with great difflculty, A copious draught of cold water, in similar circumstances, is frequently attended with the effect in Nortn "The exercise of swimming Is one of the most healthy and agreeable in the world. After having swam for an hour or two in the evening one sleeps coolly the whole night, even during the most ardent heat of summer. Per- haps, the pores being cleansed, the insensible perspiration Increases, and oc- casions this coolness. It is certain that much swimming is the means of stopping diarrhoea, and even of producing a constipation. With respect to those who do n(H know how to swim, or who are affected with a diarrhoea at a season which does not permit them to use that exercise, a warm bath, by cleansing and purifying the skin. Is found very salutary, and often effects a radical cure. 1 speak from ray own experienoe, frequently repeated, and that of others, to whom I have recommended this. ., ^ , , ,. '• When I was a boy, I amused myself one day with flying a paper kite : and approaching the banks of a lake, which was nearly a mile broad, I tied 26 J96 Appendix to Medical Department, the string to a stake, and the kite ascended to a considerable height abcv© )h» pond, while I was swimming. In a little time, being desirous of amviBing little _ . that TyiTig on ray back, and holding the stick in ray nand, I was drawn along the surface of the water in a very agreeable manner. Having then engaged an- other boy to carry my clothes round the pood, to a place which I pointed out to him on the other side, I began to cross the pond with my kite, which carried me quite over without the least fatigue, and with the greatest pleasure imaginable. I was only obliged occasionally to halt a little in my course, and resist its progress, when it appeared that by following too quickly, I low- ered the kite too much ; by doing which occasionally I made it rise again, I have never since that time practised this singular mode of swimming, and I think it not impossible to cross, in this manner, from Dover to Calais." Those who prefer the aid of Belts will find it very easy and safe to make belts upon the plan explained; and by gradually reducing the floating power of the belts from day to day, they will gain confidence, and speedily acquire the art of swimming. Accidents.— They are always sudden, and most frequently occur when least anticipated; and when the person who suffers the injury ia entirely off his guard, and the mind incapable of self-reflection, 01 unable to discover what to do or what to advise. Such accidents ai result from tire, water, or noxious gases, w'U be treated of under the heads of " Burns and Scalds," " Poisonous Exhalations," * ' Drowning," " Suspended Animation,' etc. ; and only those which refer to wounds, or violence to the body, will be considered under this head. As the individual injured is seldom ever able to assist himself, there are certain properties which those who act the part of the Good Samaritan on such occasions should always be prepared to exercise, and without which the services rendered, however well-intentioned, may become more hurtful than beneficial; these are energy^ coolness and de. cisiun. There are accidents of daily occurrence, where many valuable lives are either endangered or sacrificed, from the want of the moat ordinary prudence and reflection; and for which, had it not been fot the alarm consequent on the suddenness of the accident, or the frigJu occasioned by the appearance of the sufl'erer, a child, in many instances might have devised a remedy. Nothing so materially tends to deprlAt' a looker-on of his coolness and presence of mind, as the sight of blood exuding in any quantity from the body; and no accident, in general, can be more easily relieved. The friendly assistant should never for- get, that every moment he delays to stop the crimson tide, while cast- mg about for suitable means, may be fatal to the sufferer ; whereas tht point of his finger is a means always ready,, wlien only a single vessel is injured, the pressure of that small member is sufficient to suspend all bleeding from tlie artery or vein. In case of an accident involving insensibility or great bodily suf- fering, the first duty is to remove any weight or encumbrance from the body, and then lay it gently on the back, in such a position that the air may have free access to tlie sufl'erer, especially about tlie face and neck. All unnecesssary examination, or moving of the person, sliould be avoided till some professional gentleman arrive to take the responsi- bility of the case. Should a bone be broken, and the fractured ex- tremities protrude through the flesh, any atteniptat reduction or setting the bone, before the arrival of the sur'.'eon, would be highly culpable; if, however, there is anyviolent bieetling, it should be at once arrested. If the bleeding proceeds from tiie leg or arm. the seam of that part of the coat or trousers should be ripped up with a penknife, so as to ex- pose the limb without disturbing it; the point from whence the blood Accidents and Emergencies. 397 issues is then to be sought, a finger immediately placed on the spot where tJie open vessel is bleeding, and a gentle pressure established, but merely sufficient to anest the discharge ; in the mean time, a large handker- chief is to be folded in its longest direction, so as to make a kind of broad bandage, which must then be passed around the limb, above the wound, and also the fracture, and tied tightly; the finger is then to be removed from the wound, and if there be "no further bleeding, the limb may be left alone till professionally attended; but should the blood still flow, though in diminished quantity, the bandage must be made still tighter by inserting a piece of stick under the last fold, and by giving it a few turns, compress the artery more effectually. Arterial blood is always known by its bright scarlet color, and bv its springing out in leaps or ierks; while venous blood is characterized by its dark purple color, ana by its flowing steadily like water. The bleeding having been suppressed, the face may be bathed with cold water, and if there is great exhaustion, a small quantity of brandy and water administered occasionally. In cases of collision, where the person has been violently shaken, and there is no external injury, only insensibility, attended with pale face, livid lips, cold hands and lower extremities, the body should be placed in a horizontal position, the head slightly raised, and bottles ol hot water or heated bricks applied to the feet, legs and inside of the thighs, and small quantities of warm brandy and water given every few minutes; at the same time, ammonia or smelling salts should be applied, but cautiously, to the nostrils. When the insensibility is at- tended with abrasion* laceration, or wounds of the head, the same means are to be adopted, the injuries washed with a sponge and cold water, so as to remove all dirt that may be present. The edges of the cut or lacerated part are to be next brought together, and secured by strips of adhesive plaster, and a light bandage passed over all. Accidents — Precautions Against. — It would be a reflection on the reader's understanding, and take up too large a space in our work, to set down all the precautions that it behooves a person possessed of ordinary prudence to adopt, to guard against avoidable accidents, as every one knows that going too near a precipice, throwing orange-peel on the pavement, leaving a room with a poker in the fire, or scattering lucifer matches about for children to suck, or to be ignited by the tread of the foot, are all self-evident and objectionable, as probable causes of accident. Still there are some precautions that may not be so gen- erally apparent, but which should be eqnally known, and which we propose to generalize, first, into those against accidents by lightning. Here it should be universally known, that as lightning is onlj' a concentrated and powerful species of electricity, the same laws that governs the latter influence the former; thus water, vegetables, and metals, are all strong conductors of electricity, or, in other words, attract it; so also are they conductors of lightning. On this account it is highly dangerous to take shelter duiing a thunder-storm under a tree of any description, whatever the ancients may say to the contrary about the laurel. Equally objectionable is it to stand under a cart lodge, or any out-building, where lead or zinc is used for the roofing; for the same reason it is dangerous to run under a portico, or eaves, where there are drain pipes to convey the water from the roof. The banks of lakes, rivers, and large pools of water, should for the same rea- son be avoided; and an umbielUx, especially if it have a metal ferule, is, during a thunder-storm, the most dangerous shelter of all, being Uttlft less than a iightning conductor. It is much safer, if overtaken by 39 S Appendix to Medical Department. a thunder-storm, and where no house is near in which protection can ho obtained, to endure the wet, button the coat over the watch-chain, close the umbrella, cover the ferule with mud, and having removed all metallic surfaces, take the middle of the road, and at a brisk walk boldly encounter the rain. Even in the best built house it is necessary to take precautions against lightning during a storm. The window, as soon as the panes become wet, is dangerous, as glass then is a conduc- tor. The fireplace, on account of the chimney and the grate below, is also a situation to be avoided: so is the neighborhood of the bell handles and bell wires ; and the doors, on account of their bright knobs. The safest part of a room is the centre, the lire-irons being covered over, and all metallic substances removed from around the space; the bed, when detached from the wall, and destitute of metalli*' rings, is, on account of the non-couducting property of the feathers, the safest part of the whole house. Second, against accidents by water. However meritorious may be the action, no person is jusUfled in plunging into the water, to save another from drowning, unless he can swim ; and even then he should defer his efforts till partial insensi. bility occurs, for unless the ?wimmei gets behind the person, and keep? himself clear of the convulsive clutch, with which a drowning man grasps his preserver, the chances are that both may sink together. In bathing, unless a good swimmer, the person should never go out of his depth ; he should at all times avoid bathing in holes, a nc^ i< in lakes or rivers, whenever he finds the water particularly cold as it ia near the springs, he should at once place himself beyond their reach, and on the first sensation of cramp, make for the shore. In sailing in a small boat, whether propelled by sails or oars, th« centre of gravity is always to be kept low ; the person should never rise from his seat unless to land; more fatal accidents occur on tha water from the neglect of this rule, than from any kind of casualty. When two or three persons suddenly rise up in a boat, it is almost cer- tain to be overset, and every one in it flung into the water. With re- gard to skating, no ice should be ventured on till after three day's frost, and not then if the edge appear rotten, or can be pierced with a walk- ing-stick; the person who would attempt ^.o skate after a fall of rain, or when water lies on the ice, does so in open violation of the com- monest rules of prudence. Third, against accidents from fire. If disturbed in the night by the alarm of fire, the person should avoid opening doors and windows; if he has to pass into other rooms to rouse and collect his family, he should close the door behind him, so as to prevent all draughts and strong currents of air. The best protection any one can have in such a situation is a blanket; with a pair of shoes on the feet, a person enveloped all but the eyes in a blanket, may pass in safety through a volume of smoke and a degree of heat that could not be effected in any other dress; the blanket being carefully held be- fore the mouth, enables the individual to breathe with a freedom that would be impossible without such a protection. If there is water in the room, and much flame to be passed, the blanket should be first wetted, particularly the part over the head and mouth. If all escape by the stairs is cut off, the sheets of the bed should be knotted together into a rope, and one end having been secured to the bod-post, an at- tempt must be made to descend from the window by the other. In cases where much smoke has to be encountered, a silk hsnd kerchief wetted in water should be passed double across the mouth, o< i*»r?rn Accidents and Emergencies. 399 irver the head and fastened around the neck like a mask. As a precau • tion against many accidents from tire occuring in Louses, a guard should invariably be placed before tlie grate in rooms where children are al- lowed to play. In cooking, or tilling a lamp, if the grease of the one, or the oil ot the other, should take fire, the flame should on no account be attempted to be blown out, or the face may be very seriously scorched; and as cold water only increases the mischief, if the flame, cannot be extinguished by a plate, a meat cover, or any other object ati hand that will smother the Are, it had better be allowed to burn out,' for as soon as the unctuous matter or spirit is consumed, the ordinary combustion will be easily extinguished. Though all that apperiams to this subject will be fully entered into under its proper head, there is one point that cannot be too often re- peated, namely, that as ladies dresses are by their texture extremely liable to take Are, and such accidents are unfortunately very frequent, when they do occur, the table-cof^er, the curtains from the window, the hearth-rug, or a coat, should be instantly wrapped round the sufierer, who should on no account be allowed to escape, even if she has to be thrown on the ground, and rolled on the carpet. WHAT TO DO IN CASES OF ACCIDENT.- Professor Wilder, of yornell University, gives these shoro rules for action in case of acci- dent: For dust in the eyes, avoid rubbmg — dash water into them; re- nove cinders, etc., with the round poit^t of a lead pencil. Remove insects from the ear by tepid water; never put a hard in- strument into the ear. If an artery is cut, compreds abovt the wound; if a vein is cut, •om press below. If choked, get upon all fours, a,nd cough. For light burns, dip the part in cold water; if the skin is destroyed, •over with varnish. Smother tire with carpets, etc. ; water will often spread burning •»il, and increase danger. Before passing through smoke, take a full ' «reath, and then stoop low, but if carbon is suspected, walk erect. Suck poison wounds, unless your mouth is sore. Enhuge the A'ound, or better, cut out the partwithout delay. Hold the wounded ,»art !is long as can be borne to a hot coal, or end of a segar. In case of poisoning, excite vomiting by ticklinji the throat, or by water and mustard. For acid poisons give acids; white of egg is good in most cases; in cases of opium poisoning, give strong coftee, and keep moving. If in water, float on the back, with the nose and mouth projecting. For apoplexy, raise the head and body ; for fainting, lay the person flat. Brnise. — Apply molasses spread on brown paper. Or, a plaster of chopped parsley niixed with butter. Or, electrify the part. To pre- vent swelimg, apply a cloth flve or or six times doubled, dipped in cold water, and redipped when it grows waim. — Wesley. Bruises. — Cover with linen, wet with vinegar and wormwood boil- ed together. Put a small bit of lard on the surface, and apply slightly warm. In very bad cases a leech or two will expedite the cure. Bruises— Embrocation For. — Pour upon 3 ozs. of carbonate of ammonia, (smelhng salts) as much distilled vinegar as will dissolve it; then add IJ^ pts. of common rectified spirit, and shake the whole to- jjether in a bottle. It is a good remedy for sprains and bruises. Hot Water, — In bruises, hot water is moRt eflicacious, both by 400 Appendix to Medical Department. means of insertioa and fomentation, in re:noving pain, and totally pre venting discoloration and stiffness. It lias the same effect after a blow It should be applied as quickly as possible, and as hot as it can be borne. Insertion in hot water will cure that trouV>lesome and painful thing called a whitlow. The efficacy of hot water in preventing the ill effects of fatigue is too well known to require notice. Frost- Bites. — Keep from the fire, and rub well with snow, and then with cold water. Lightning Stroke. — Dash cold water over the bead and face, and apply friction to the spine with strong liniment, and mustard poultices to the feet. Chimneys on Fire. — Shut all the doors and windows; stop up the bottom of the chimney with a piece of water-saturated sacking, wrapping, etc., throwing first salt, or sulphur, upon the fire. BITES OF POISONOUS REPTILES.— The Treatment.— In all cases of bites of poisonous reptiles the first and most important duty is to suck the wound, cauterize or excise the bitten part, prevent the ab- sorption of the virus, and by proper medicines arouse the patient's mind to resist the depressing influence of fear, and finally dissipate the com» that towards the end .steals so fatally over the brain. Sucking the Wound. — Unless there should be a crack in th* tongue, a chap or abrasion of the lips or mouth, the most deadly rirua^ as we have shown, may be sucked with perfect impunity, and where the injury is in the hand or arm, the patient sl.ould suck the wound himself. When this cannot be done, however, the person who under. tnkes that duty should supply himself with a large basin and a jug oi warm water, and, sitting on a level with the limb, grasp the p art firmly with both hands, one above, the other below the wound, andap. plying his lips boldly and confidently over the bite, with a quick bul effectual motion of the cheeks and tongue, suck all the blood and moisture from the puncture, every minute or two spitting it out into the basin, and, rinsing his mouth with the warm water, return to his task not forgetting to maintain his pressure on the limb with his two hands This sucking process should be persevered in for twelve or fifteen minutes at least; abroad piece of tape or a garter being first passed once or twice round the limb an inch or two above the wound, between it and the heart and then firmly tied. Cauterization and Excision. — When no person can be found witl, sufficient resolution to suck the wound, a bandage or garter should bt instanly tied round the limb above the wound, and if cupping-glassesi are at hand, or those artificial means can be obtained recommended under " Cupping" which see. they should be applied at once, washing the part in warm water hastily before applying the glasses. These are to be removed every three or four minutes, the part again washed with clean water and a sponge, and again applied for at least half an hour. When, however, no such appliances can be obtained, the absorption having been arrested by the bandage, tlie wound is to be well and repeatedly washed with warm water, the fingers being used to force out all moisture or particles of blood from the bite, and the puncture* freely cauterized with the nitrate of silver, which sliould be scraped to a point, and then forced into the apertures made by the reptile's fangs. If, however, the punctures are deep and narrow, a sharp penknife or bistoury should be used to enlarge them, so the bottom of the wound may be reached, and the place freely cauterized. Wiien the wound is large and deep, the state of the reptile to be feared, and the pain and anxiety are very great, the part injured must without any hesitaMoit Accidents and Emergencies. 401 be •cut out, the wound washed, and the raw surface on every side libei-ally rubbed with the caustic, warm fomentations applied over all, and the ligature or bandage round the limb continued. To Ronse the Patient by Proper Medicines. — To effect this result, repeated doses of stimulants and anti-spasmodics are to be given, and the patient kept constantly moving.and occasionally subjected to sud- den aspersions of cold water. The following draughts may be given every ten minutes or quarter of an hour. J Take of brandy, 2 drs. ; spirits of sal volatile, 40 drops ; tincture on valerian, )^ dr. ; sulphuric etlier, 15 drops, camphor water, 1 oz. ' The Indian surgeons are in the habit of giving the following drauglit, and repeating it as often as necessary. Take of Fowler's solution of arsenic, 30 drops; laudanum, 10 drops; peppermint water 1 oz. ; lime juice, J^ oz. Mix; to be taken directly, and repeatedly every half-hour till the symptoms abate; at the same time, they employ injections of gruel, castor oil, and turpentine, till the bowels operate. In severe cases, there is no reason why such remedies should not be applied in this country. Should neither cupping-glasses nor lunar caustic be obtainable, the part must be burnt with red-hot skewers or the point of a poker, and the wound dressed with water only, or the caustic {potassafusa), strong ammonia, or strong acetic acid ; or, in default of any of these, quicklime may be sprinkled into the apertures. The importance of compelling the patient to walk about, supported by two strong men, must not be lost sight of, or the necessity of occasionally dashing cold water over his head and chest forgot to be practised, as on the judicious employment of both, the hope of rousing him from the coma entirely depends. Electricity is an agent that may be employed with benefit. DISLOCATION.— A displacement of a part ; the term, however, is con- fined to tlie separation of the bones entering Into the formation of a joint, from their natural situation and arrangement, and thereby rendering the articulation for the time-being useless. Dislocation, or luxation, as it is surgically termed, is divided into com- plete ar.d incomplete : complete, vihea. the displacement is perfect, or when Che head of one bone is completelfj drawn out of the socket In the other, or when the articulation has been thoroughly disunited ; incomplete, when the lolnt has only been started, and the bones are merely sundered, but not abso- iutely separated. Dislocations are characterized according to their situations— as a disloca- tion upward, backward, forward, and downward ; and are yet further distin- guished into simple and compound. A simple dislocation is when no injury IS inflicted on the skin or muscles. A compounvl dislocation, when the in- teguments and flesh are ruptured. Dislocations are accidents of very frequent occurrence, and may happen to almost every bone in the body, and are usually eflTected by sudden falls or severe blows. It sometimes happens that dislocations are accompanied with a fracture of the same bone, when, if the fracture is near the head of the bone, it is generally impossible to reduce the dislocation till the fracture has been first reunited. Symptoms.— All dislocations are characterized by the same symptoms ; these are, pain and immobility of the member, with shortening of the limb, accompanied with great pain if moved ; a depression in one place, and an enlargement or swelling In another; a turning in or out of the foot or hand, according as to whether it is the leg or arm that is displaced. When the in- jury occurs to the hip joint, the knee is drawn up and pressed on the thigh of the sound leg, while if it is tlie shoulder joint, the patient invariably grasps the injured member by the elbow with the opposite hand. It should oe al- ways remembered, that wlien elderly people meet with heavy falls or blows, the chances are, from the greater brittleness of their bones, that they have sastained a fracture, and not a dislocation. Dislocations occur most frequently in what are called the ball and socket joints and next in the hinge, or ginglymus articulation. Dlslocattoa ^r tbe Shoulaer.— When the bone of the arm is displaced. It is either outwardly, inwardly, behind, or below : in whatever aspect it may 402 Appendix to Medical Department, APPEARANCE OF A DISLOC.VTED SHOTTIiDER. be, however, an apparent, cavity will be noticed where the fullness of t>,e joint should be, and a corresponding projection observed in an opposite direc- tion, unless the head of the bone has been ""w pressed into the arm-pit, or behind, under the shoulder-blade. The annexed cut shows an outward dislocation of the head of the shoulder. The most painful of these four forms is the downward dislocation, for then the bone presses on the whole congeries of nerves and arteries, on their way to sup- ply the arm with sensation and vitality. In the majority of cases, the extension, as the process of pulling the bone into its place is called, snould be made in a direc- tion nearly opposite to the position of the head of the bone. There are several methods adopted for the reduction of this accident, but the two following will almost always be found successful. The patient is to be placed on his back on a mattress, or the squab of a sofa, laid on the floor, his head supported by a pillow in the manner shown in the following cut. A damp towel is then to be folded smoothly around the arm above the elbow. Upon this the operator ties a strong handkerchief, or making a hitch knot with a Jack towel over It throws the remainder over his shoulders, and having removed his rightboot takes his seat on the mattress, and placing the heel of his foot in the patient's arm-pit, either grasps the handkerchief and with both hands pulls with a slow, steady strain upon the arm h« has previously bent in the mannei shown, or, if the jack towel is used he makes the extension or stretch by means of his shoulders, while he hold* the arm in his hands, the heel in both cases making the counterpoise. Hav ing, by a steady extension, graduallj drawn out the head of the bone, and brought it in front of the cavitj in the shoulder-blade, the slightes) bend of his shoulders, or relaxatlor of the handkerchief, causes th* stretched muscles suddenly to con tract and draw the bone into tht socket with an audible crack In fe male cases, and younger persons, oi those of delicate con.siitutions, tht following plan will generally be found sufficient: The patient being seated in a high-backed chair, an assistant, standing on the uninjured side, places his left hand under ana across the arm-pit, while with his right hand spread on the top of the shoulder, he grasps and keeps firmly in its place the shoulder-blade, and in this man- ner makes the counterpoise or exten- sion. The operator then grasps tie bent arm above the elbow, and stead- ily pulls the limb till he disengages the head, when, either moving It a little Inward or outward, according as the dislocation has >>een in an outward or inward direction, and at the same time slightly relaxing his extension, the head, £is in the other case, will glide with a crack into its place. Much in this operation depends on the firmness with which the assistant keeps the shoulder-blade in its place, for if that is not done the operator will, of neces- sity, pull both arm and shoulder, and be no nearer the end for which he manipulates. As soon as the arm Is reduced, a sling must be made with a handkerchief, and the folded arm carried in it for not less than a fortnight, to allo^ thy maacles and tendons to recover their tone. RXOVCINQ A DISI.0CATBD SHOUL- DER. Accidents and Emergencies. 403 K ^ne reduction has been attended with much pain, and there is any •»iver its usual strength. The fingers and thumbs are, in general, easily reduced by a little extension. When, however, the muscles are strong, it may be necessary to take a piece )f firm tape, on which a clove hitch having been made, is drawn tight on the next joint, and while one person holds the hand, tlis other makes extension iy the tape, till tlie reduction is effected. DIslocatlOM of the Hip Joint, or Thigh.— Of all the dislocations to which the body is liable, this is unquestionably the most serious in its conse- luences, and at the same time the mo.st diflicult to reduce. The ligaments placed by nature around it for a protection ar^ so numerous, the muscles of ihe hip so short and strong, tliat, all combined, the difficulty experienced in )vercoming the natur.il resistance of so many powerful levers makes the re- \uction of this accident a task of extreme difficulty. Fortunately, the strong guards placel around this articulation protect it n a great measure, from accidents; still, tlie cases of such a dislocation are oy no means rare, and may occur at all agea and among either sex, though .hose who most frequently suffer from such a misfortune are the young and '.he old. Among children and infants, unfortunately, it ismore frequent than 48 generally supposed. Rough or careless nursemaids not unfrequently drop the children entrusted to them, or allow them to fall, nnd. not seeing any immediate injury, keep the fact from the mother, who, perhaps, only weeks after, discovers something amiss in her child by its crying when washed, or by its Incapacity to walk, but, ignorant of the cause, trusts to rest or iime to effect a cure, till, too late, she discovers her child to be a cripple, and permanently deformed by a shortened leg. The falling over a piece of timber, or a very trifling obstructlo'i. Is sutflcient to lead, either in cliildhood or age, to this misfortune. Old people nre liable to this accident fi-om the relaxed state of the tendons and muscles only it is very often complicated, in their case, with fracture of the neck of the tlilgli bone, making, in many instances, a hopeless accident. The symptoms, as already state(l, are a shortening of the limb, with the knee standing forward, turned outward, or resting on aTir>i^Tc-Nri vf op -ttt^ the opposite thigh, and the toes either touching the r irri t w i wV^/^ a ground, or pressiiig on the instep of the other foot. trti hip Being a ball and socket joint, tne first Idea would a-i-tr. be *.hat tnis dislocation might be reduced as easily as that of the shoulder, by -^lukking a fulcrum of the heel. But, settng aside ^ex, the extreme delicacy 404 Appendix to Medical Department. of the parts renders, except in the case of youths, such a mode seldom admU sible. lu such cases as have been mentioned, however, the method ofieii succeeds The mode of procedure is as follows: Tlie patient being placed on his back upon a mattress, a slieet passed in a broad fold between t!ie legs and carried obliq uely below and above the body, is fastened near tlie head, either to tlie foot of a large bed, a staple, or some otiier firm purchase. A towel is then passed around the thigh above the knee, over which a jack-towel is tlien passed with a clove hitch. This the surgeon extends by throwing the other end over his shoulders, first placing his heel in the groin, and grasping the limb, guides it with his hand as he makes extension, till it springs into the socket. In strong and adult persons, however, this plan seldom succeeds, and the pulley must be resorted to. When this is the case. It is customary to fiass another folded sheet from the opposite side across the body, and make ts ends secure like the former, so as to keep the patient perfectly fixed. To the jack-towel attached to the knee, the line from a double block pulley is then fastened, the pulley being made fast to some resisting object, or astaple, on a line with the floor. The surgeon now takes his place by his patient, and grasps the thigh to guide it, as an assistant, or two if necessary, with slow and steady pulling extend the limb, till the surgeon, having brought the head to its natural position, gives the word for a trifling yield, when, if rightly placed, the bone with a loud report sinks Into its socket. It is in the reduc tionof such dislocations as these, occurring in strong muscular men, when no amount of straining can overcome the resistance of the muscles, that the bleeding, tartar emetic, and such relaxing means, already mentioned, must- be adopted before the pati-But is unbound or left. After so severe an accident, it will be necessary to enjoin some days' total rest before exerting the limb by the slightest exercise. Dislocation of the Ankle and Toes.— The accident to the foot, lik(f that to the hand, Is either backward or forward. As in that case, the leg must be firmly held by one, while another extends the foot in a line with the leg till the proper moment arrives, when the foot is to be pushed up or back to meet the bones of the leg. A bandage, as in the case of the wrist, must b* placed around to support this injury. It not unfrequently occurs with dislo cation of the foot, that there is a fracture of the upper portion of the fibtdo^ or small bone of the leg. In such a case, the fracture must be attended to after the reduction of the Joint. The displacement of the toes must be treate<* in the same manner ds that of the fingers. Dislocation of tlie Javir.— This is a very alarming accident to see, bur by no means difficult to cure; for as the person finds himself in a momen^ with an immovaV:)le jaw, and incapable of speech, with a mouth wide open he can only by motions indicate what has happened. This accident is mos< frequently caused by a fit of gaping though a blow on the side of the fao^ when the mouth is open, or a fall, havi\ caused it. The treatment consists ii seating the individual in a chair, whei the surgeon, having enveloped both hi; thumbs in strips of lint, places a thuml. on the back of the lower jaw, one ol each side, and while his fingers grasp tht- chin, he presses firmly downward oa thf. teeth as he brings the Jaw a little for ward and upward with his fingers, tih the heads spring iato their sockets. S'l rapidly and so forcibly does the jaw close, that unless he has well protected his tliumbs, the operator may expect a very seveie bite. The collar-bone, and also the ribs, are sometimes dislocated, but as both are much more frequently fractured, and nearly the same treatment is adopt- ed in both cases, we shall defer a desi-rlp- tion of such accidents till we come to " Fractures." The Dislocation of Hlnse-ll]£«t Joints. — Foremost among this order ol articulations is the elbow joint, an(i next in importance that ol the knee; and though these are sometimes by a violent force dislocated, fortunately they are so powerfully bound around and protected by ligaments, that snch aoc'd«nt8 oxo very rare, aud only from a very high fall on the feet, by a rai'w«gr cvV^^mUm REDUCING A Dl.S LOCATED JAW. Accidents and Emergendts. 405 o. B r«»tive h<»rse dashing its riaer against a wall, or some other extremely forcible injnry, can a dislocation of such firmly-locked articulations M effected. The previous advice given in respect of the treatment of dislocations generally should be borne in mind in the accidents we are about to refer to with even more than ordinary attention. When once satisfied of the nature of the injury, not an unnecessary moment should be lost before proceeding to the reduction of the mischief, as every minute's delay not only adds greatly to the suffering of the patient, but by the rapid swelling that succeeds complicates the treatment. i Dislocation of tbe Klbo'fV. — As three bones enter into the formationl of this joint, it admits of several varieties of luxation, both backward and forward— that is, the joint of the forearm may be forced behind the bone of the arm, or it may be driven up in front of it; again, the two bones of the forearm niay be dislocated from each other in several ways. The two most general forms, however, are the backward and forward dislocation. There are three modes of effecting the reduction of such accidents, which we give in their proper order. 1st. The following treatment will generally succeed with jouths and children: The patient is to be placed in a chair, and while one assistant grasps the arm, and by counter-extension keeps the limb stationary, another, taking the forearm by the wrist, gradually extends the limb, as the surgeon, *eated by the patient, grasps the member above or below the elbow, and by means of a steady pressure of either his thumbs or fingers backward or for- irard, as the nature of the accident may demand, forces the bones into their ' roper place When the muscular power resists such force, a sheet must be ^.aased across the patient's chest and made fast to the wall ; a towel is then to oe wrapped around the wrist, and the line of a pulley attached to the hitch i»n the towel, and while the assistant at the arm and the surgeon at the el- Ivow, as in the former case, repeat their efforts, the other assistant, by means tif the longer lever of the pulley, makes a gradual and steady extension. 2d. The patient and surgeon being seated on separate chairs, the latter wikes the limb in his hands, and, steadying his knee on the style of his chair, places the hollow of the arm, or the side of it, against the point of his knee, and, bending round the arm, endeavors to force the bones back to their nat- ural position, the knee-cap of the operator acting as a fulcrum, and often effecting what a direct strain on the muscles could not perform— a reduction. 3d. This method is only a modification of the second, and «onsists in seating the patient on the foot of a bed, and, making a fulcrum of the bed- post, bending the dislocated limb upon it; llie surgeon using his hands, as an Msistant bends the arm, to aid the action by the pressure of his fingers. Some surgeons have succeeded in reducing the injury by using the round »rm of an easy-chair instead of the knee or bed-post. Great care must be taken after the reduction, not only in keeping the arm in a sling for some weeks, but in applying warm fomentations around the Joint, or lotions of sugar of lead and vinegar, made warm, to reduce the in- flammatory action which is sure to supervene. Dislocation of tbe Knee Joint and Knee Cap.— Like the elbow, the knee may also be displaced backward and forward, and also inwardly and outwardly, as well as having the bones of the leg themselves separated from each other. Considerable lorce is olten necessary to reduce a luxation of the knee joint, and overcome the muscular resistance; but in consequence of the large articulating surfaces of this joint, the bones, when once brought down, glide easily into their places. Themodeof treatment is much the same as that already described. A firm counter-extension, by means of a sheet, must be made by the thigh, and extension then established from the )eg, which must be kept partially bent during the operation; a towel, secured in the ordinary manner by a clove hitch knot, is in the first instance to be adopted for making the extension ; the surgeon keeping his place by the knee, to assist, with hands and fingers, the operation. When greater power is required, the towel must be joined to the pulley, and extension again made till the reduction is effected. The Kne:. Cap, or Patella, is very liable to be displaced, either outward. Inward, or upward. When this little flat bone is forcibly driven from its place, it is generally pushed over the protuberances of the bones, when it lies as it were in a hollow, from which it requires some art to extricate it. This is generally effected by pressing suddenly on the edge of the bone farthest from the joint, by which means the other end is canted up over the bony en- largement, when the contractile power of the muscles at once draws it into its place over the Joint. When this cannot be effected, the leg of the patient, who has been placed on his back, is to be raised and bent as far as possible toward his face. It is then to be suddenly fiexed or bent back on the thigh till th9 b«»4 toaob«s tbe hip. The svirgeon, as h« does so, with one hand 40 6 Appendix to Medical Department. presses, as before explained, on the rim of tlie bone, and quickly opening th» leg again, the patella glides Into its proper situation. The after treatment in both of these dislocations requires rest, warm ap. plications to soothe the joint, if necessary, and evaporating lotions if there Is mucli inflammation or heat in the part, and a bandage or elastic knee-cap support to the limb, which should be worn for some months. EMERGENCIES— Recoyery of Persons apparently Drowned, or Dead. — Lose no time. Avoid all rough usage. Never hold the body up by the feet. Nor roll the body on casks. Nor rub the body with suit and spirits. Nor inject tobacco smoke, or infusion of tobacco. Restorative Means, if apparently Drowned. — Send quickly for medical assistance; but do not delay the following means: Convey the body carefully, with the head and shoulders sup- ported in a raised condition to the nearest house. Strip the body and rub it dry; then wrap it in hot blankets, and place it in a warm bed in a warm chamber. Wipe and clean the mouth and nostrils. In order to restore the natural warmth of the body: Move a heated covered warming pan over the back and epine. Put bladders, or bottles of hot water, or heated, bricks, to the pit of the stomach, the armpits, between the thighs, and to the soles of the feet Foment the body with hot flannels ; but, if possible, immerse the body in a warm bath as hot as the hand can bear without pain. Rub th* body briskly with the hand; but do not suspend the use of the othei means at the same time. To restore breathing, introduce the pipe of a common bellowa into one nostril, carefully closing the other and the mouth ; at the same time drawing downwards, and pushing gently backwards, the upper part of the wind-pipe, to allow the free admission of air; blow the bellows gently, in order to inflate the lung,s, till the breast be a little raised: the mouth and nostrils should then be set free, and a moderate pressure made with the hand upon the chest. Repeat thi« process till life appears. Electricity to be employed eaily by a medical assistant. Inject into the stomach, by means of an elastic tube and syringe half a pint of warm brandy, or wine and water. Apply sal-volatile to the nostrils. If apparently Dead from Intense Cold.— Rub the body with ice snow, or cold water. Restore warmth by slow degrees; and, aftej some time, if necessary, employ the means recommended for the ap- parently drowned. It is higJdy dangerous to apply heat too early. If apparently Dead from Han^in^.— In addition to the meanw recommended for the apparently drowned, bleeding should early bo employed by a medical assistant. If apparently Dead from Noxious Vapors, Lig^htuing-, etc.— Remove the body into a cold fresh air. Dash cold water on the neck, face, and breast frequently. If the body be cold, apply warmth, as recommended for the apparently drowned. Use the means for inflat- ing the lungs as directed above. Let electricity (particularly in acci- dents from lightnuig) be earlv employed by a medtjal assistant. If apparently Dead from Intoxication.— Lay the body on a bed, with the head raised ; remove the neckcloth and loosen the clothes. Obtain instantly medical assistance, in the meantime apply cloths soaked in cold water to the head, and bottles of hot water, or hot bricks, to the calves of the legs and to the feet. General Observations.— On restoration to life, a tea-spoon of warm water should be given; and then, if the power of swallowing be j-eturued, small (juautities of weak brandy ahd water, warm; the Accidents and Emergencies. 46^ patient should be kept in bed, and a disposition to sleep encouraged, except in cases of apoplexy and intoxication. Great care is requisite to maintain the restored vital actions, and to prevent undue excitement. The ireatnient is to bo presevered in for three or four hourt. It is an erroneous opinion that persons are irrecoverable because life does not soon make its appeaiance. POISONS — Antidotes to. — The treatment of cases of poisoning must vary with the nature of the poison, tlie quantity taken, and the peculiarities of the individual. In almost all cases, copious vomiting should be excited as soon as possible by tickling the throat, and by emetics, such especially as sulphate of zinc, or ipecacuanha with emetic tartar; the former, however, in ten-grain doses dissolved in a little warm water, and repeated every ten or fifteen minutes till it freely operates', is generally most eflfectuiil. The use of the stomach-pump should also be resorted to. The vomiting should be- kept up, and the stomach washed out with bland albuminous or mucilaginous fluids, such as milk, flour and water, or thin paste, etc. ; sometimes sugar and water. The following is a short summary of the antidotes lesorted to in reference to particular poisons. They should, of course be administered as speedilj' as possible. Emetic in Cases of Poison.— Two table-spoons of made mustard in a i)int of warm water; if taken iuuiiediately, this is a certain remedy, instantly producing violent vomiting. Also administer large draughts of warm milk or water, mixed with oil, melted butter, or lard. Arsenic. — Lime water, chalk and water, and the hydrated sesqui- oxide of iron, have each been strongly recommended ; the last is de- cidedly the best. For Mineral Acids, or Acetic and Oxalic Acids. — For this form of poison, give quickly large draughts of chalk, whiting, magnesia, soap and water, about as thick as cream; followed by albuminous diluents, Buch as milk, and white of egg mixed with water. Or, if these cannot be procurred at once, warm water; and promote vomiting by ticking the throat. AJkalies, Soda, Potash, Ammonia, etc.— VinegMr, or any mild acid and water, or even very dilute mineral acids, such as water acid- ulated by them; olive oil, almond oil. Corrosiye Sublimate. — White of egg and watei ; iJiilk and cream ; decoction of cinchona; infusion of galls. Sulphate of Copper and other Poisons.— Suga» and water; white 01 egg and water. Antimonial Poisons. — Warm milk, gruel, and barley wattr; in- fusion of galls; decoction of cinchona. Nitrate of Silver.— Copious draughts of warm salt and water. Sulphate of Zinc— Solution of carbonate of soda in water, with milk, and mucilaginous or farinaceous liquids. Acet-ate of Lead.— Emetics, solution of sulphate of soda in water, milk, white of egg and water. Opium and its Preparations.- Emetics, strong coflce: dashing cold water upon the face and breast; preventing torpor by forced ex- ercise. , , ,. J ^, Prussic Acid.— Ammoniacal stimulants cautiously applied to the nose; ammonia, or sal-volatile in repeated small doses of solution of chlorine in water; small doses of chloride of lime in water. Strychnia and Vegetable Alkaloids.- Infusion of gall nuts; de- oootion of cinchona; emetics. See " Accidents." RULES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH, BY THE PUBLISHER. ABSTINENCE.— Disease may oft be cured by abstinence from all food, especinlly if the disorders have oeen procured by luxurious liv- ing and repletion. The latter overtaxes nature, and it rebels against sucli treatment. Indigestion, giddiness, headache, mental depresbion, etc., are often the effects of greediness in moat and drink. Omitting one, two, or three nieals, allows the system to rest, to regain strength, and allows the clogged organs to dispose of their burdens. The prac- tice of drug taking to rleanse the stomach, though it may give the needed relief, always weakens the system, while abstinence secures the good result, and yet does no injury. Said a young gentleman to a distinguished physician of Philadel- phia,—" Doctor, what do you do for yourself when you have headache )r other slight attack?" ''Q be- Mules for the Preservation of Health. 40$ f'ond the two points of its being so conducive both to health and clean- iness, in keeping up a free circulation of the blood, without any violent muscular exertion, thereby really affording a saving of strength, and producing its effects without any expense either to the body or to ^he purse. Whoever fits up a bath in a house already built must be guided by circumstances; but it will always be proper to place it as near the kitciien as possible, because from thence it may be heated, or at least liave its temperature preserved, by means of hot air throught tubes, or l)y steam prepared by the culinary fire, without interfering with its ordinary uses. A small boiler may be erected at a very little expense in the bath- room, where circumstances do not permit tiiese arrangements. When- ever a bath is wanted at a short warning, to boil the water necessary will always be the shortest mode; but where it is in general daily use, ■he lieatiiig of the water by steam will be found the cheapest and most ■onvenient method. As a guide for practice, we may observe that it has been proved ny experiment that a bath with five feet of water at the freezing point, Niay be raised to the temperature of blood heat, or 96 degrees, by 304 >ccasion fevers and other diseases. Most diseases of the skin proceed from want of cleanliness. These indeed may be caught by infection, but they will seldom continue long where cleanliness prevails. To the same cause mast we impute the various kinds of vermin that infest the human body, houses, etc. These may generally be ban- ished by cleanliness alone. Perhaps the intention of nature in permitting such vermin to anoy mankind, is to induce them to the practice of this virtue. One common cause of putrid and malignant fevers is the want of cleanliness. These fevers commonly begin among the inhabitants of close, dirty houses, who breathe bad air, take little exercise, eat unwholesome food, and wear dirty clothes. There the infection is generally hatched, which spreads far and wide, to the dcstiuction of many. Hence, cleanliness may be considered as an object of public attention. It is not sufficient that I be clean myself while the want of it in my neigh- bors affects his health as well as my own. If dirty people cannot be removed as a common nuisance, they ought at least to be avoided as infectious. All who regard their health should keep at a distance, even from their habitations. In places where great numbers of people are collected, cleanliness becomes of the utmost importance. 416 Appendix to Medical Deparimeni. It is well known that infectious diseases are caused by tainted aii* Everything, therefore, which tends to pollute the air, or spread the in fection, ought, with the utmost care, to be avoided. For this reason, in great towns, no filth of any kind should be permitted to lie upon the streets. We are sorry to say that the im- portance of general cleanliness in this respect does by no means seem to be sufflcioiitly understood. Water, indeed, is easily obtained in this country; therefore, no ex« cuse for uncleanliness. Nothing can be more agreeable to the senses, more to the honor of the inhabitants, or conducive to their health, than a clean town; nor does anything impress a stranger quicker with a disrespectful idea of any people than its opposite. It is remarkable that, in most eastern countries, cleanliness makes a great part of their religion. The Mahometan, as well as the Jewish religion, enjoins various bathings, washings, and purifications. Nc doubt these were designed to represent inward pui'ity, but they an at the same time calculated for the preservation of health. However whimsical these washings may appear to some, fev> things would seem more to prevent diseases than a proper attention t' many of them. Were every person, for example, after handling a dead body, vin iting the sick, etc., to wash before he went into company, or sat dow< to meat, he would run less hazard either of catching the infection him self, or communicatiug it to others. Frequent washing not only removes the filth which adheres to th» skin, but likewise promotes the perspiration, braces the body, and en livens the spirits. Even washing the feet tends greatly to preserve health. The pei spiration and dirt with which these parts are frequently covered, can not fail to obstruct their pores. Thi« piece of cleanliness would oftei- prevent colds and fevers. Were people to bathe their feet and hands in warm water at nighv after being exposed to cold or wet through the day, they would seldorc experience anj' of the efiects from these causes which often prov*. fatal. In places where great numbers of sick people are kept, cleanlines ought most religiously to be observed. The very smell in such places is often sufficient to make one sick. It is easy to imagine what effec- that is likely to have upon the diseased. A person in health has a greater chance to become sick, tkan a sick person has to get well, in an hospital or mflrmary where cleanli- ness is neglected. The brutes themselves set us an example of cleanliness. Most of them seem uneasy, and thrive ill, if they be not kept clean. A horse that is kept thoroughly clean will thrive better on a smaller quantity «>f food, than with a greater where cleanliness Is neglected. Even our own feelings are a sufficient proof of the neeessity of cleanliness. How refreshed, how cheerful and agreeable does one feel on being washed and dressed ; especially when these have long been neglected. Superior cleanliness sooner attracts our regard than even finery itself, and often gains esteem where the other fails. Influence of Cleanliuess. — "I have more than once expressed my conviction that tlie humanizing influence of habits of cleanliness, and of those decent observations which imply self-respect — the best, indeed • Rules for the Preservation of Health, 41 1 the only foundation of respecc for others— has never been sufficiently Acted on. A clean, fresh, and well ordered house exercises over its in- mates a moral no less than a ph5'sical influence, and has a direct ten- dency to make the members of a family sober, peaceable, and consid- erate of the feelings and happiness of each other; nor is it difficult to trace a connection between habitual feelings of this sort and the form- ation of habits of respect for property, for the laws in general, and even for those higher duties and obligations the observance of which no laws can enforce." — Dr. Southwood Smith. EXERCISE. — Exercise in tlie open air is of the first importance to the human frame, yet how many are in a manner deprived of it by their own want of management of their time! Females with slender means are for the most part destined to indoor occupations, and have but little time alloted tliem for taking the air, and that little time is generally sadly encroaclied upon by the ceremony of dressing to go out. It may appear a simple suggestion, but experience only will show how much time might be redeemed by habits of regularity ; such as (mtting the shawls, cloaks, gloves, shoes, clogs, etc., etc., or whatever a intended to be worn, in readiness, instead of having to search one drawer, then another, for possibly a glove or collar — wait for shoes be- ing cleaned, etc. — and this when (probably) the out-going persons have to return to their employment at a given time. Whereas, if all were In readiness, the preparations might be accomplished in a few minutes, the walk not being curtailed by unnecessary delays. Three principal points in the manner of taking exercise are necessary to be attended to: 1. The kind of exercise. 2. The proper time for exercise. 3. The duration of it. With respect to the kind of exercise, the various species of it may be divided into active and pas- sive. Among the first, which admit of being considerably divei'sified, may be enumerated walking, running, leaping, swimming, riding, fencing, the military exercise, different kinds of athletic games, etc. A-naong the latter, or passive kinds of exercise, may be comprised riding in a carriage, sailing, friction, swinging, etc. Active exercises are more beneficial to youth, to the middle-aged, to the robust in general, and particularly to the corpulent and the plethoric. Passive kinds of exercise, on the contrary, are better calculated for children; old, dry, and emaciated persons of a delicate and debilitated constitution ; and particularly for the asthmatic and consumptive. The time at which exercise is most proper depends on such a variety of concurrent circumstances, that it does not admit of being regulated by any general rules, and must therefore be collected from the obser- v.atlons made on the effects of air, food, drink, etc. With respect to the duration of exercise, there are other particu- lars, relative to a greater or less degree of fatigue attending the differ- ent species, and utility of it in certain states of the mind and body, which must determine this consideration as well as the preceding. That exercise is to be preferred which, with a view to brace and strengthen the body, we are most accustomed to. Any unusual one may be attended with a contrary effect. Exercise should be begun and finished gradually, never abruptly. Exercise in the open air has many advantages over that used with- in doors. To continue exercise until a profuse perspiration or a great degree of weariness takes place, is far from being wholesome. In tbe fM'etiesn. when the stomaoh is not too much distended, 27 41 a Appendix to Medical Departmtni. muscular motion is both agreeable and healthful ; it strengthen* 41. gestion, and heats the body less than with a full stomach ; and a good appetite after it is a ])roof tliat it lias not been carried to excess. Bill at the same time it should be understood, that it is not adriea' ble to take violent exercise immediately before a meal, as digestion might tliereby be retarded. Neither should we sit down to a su])stantial dinner or supper im- mediately on returning from a fatiguing walk, at a time when the blood is heated, and the body in a state of perspiration from previous exer- tion, as the worst consequences may arise, especiallj"^ where cooling dishes, salad, or a glass of cold drink is begun witli. Exercise is always liurtful after meals, from its impeding diges- tion, by propelling those Huids too much towards the surface of the body which are designed for the solution of the food in the stomach. WALKING. — To walk gracefully the body must be erect, but not stiff, and the head held up in such a posture that the eyes are directed forward. The tendency of untaught walkers is to look towards the ground near the feet; and some persons appear always as if admiring their shoe-ties. The eyes should not be thus cast downward, neither should the chest bend forward to throw out the back, making what are termed round shoulders; on the contrary, the whole person must hold itself up, as if not afraid to look the world in the face, and the chest by all means be allowed to expand. At the same time, everything like strutting or pomposity must be carefully avoided. An easy, firm, and erect po.sture is alone desirable. In walking, it is necessary to bear in mind that the locomotion is to be entirely performed by the legs. Awkward persons rock from side to side, helping forward each leg alternately by advancing the haunches. This is not only ungrace- ful but fatiguing. Let the legs alone advance, bearing up the body. UTILITI OF SINGING.— It is asserted, and we believe with some truth, that siuging is a corrective af the too common tendency to pul- monic complaints. Dr. Rush, an eminent physrician, observes on this subject: "The Germans are seldom afflicted with consumption; and tliis, I believe, is in part occasioned by the strength which their lungs, acquire by exercising them in vocal music, for this constitutes an essential branch of their education. The music master of an academy lias furnished n\e with a remark still more in favor of this opinion. He informed me that he had known several instances of persons who were strongly difposed to consumption, who were restored to health by the exercise of their lungs in singing." THE WEATHER AND THE BLOOD.— In dry, sultry weather the heat ought to be counteracted by means of a cooling diet. To this purpose cucumbers, melons, and juicy fruits are subservient. We ought to give the preference to alimentary substances as lead to contract the juices which are too much expanded by the heat, and this property is possessed by all acid food and drink. To this class belong all sorts^ of salad, lemons, oranges, pomegranates sliced and sprinkled witli Bugar, for the acid of this fruit is not so apt to derange the stomach as that of lemons; also cherries and strawberries, curds turned with lemon acid or cream-of-tartar; cream-of-tartar dissolved in water; lemonade, and Rhenish or Moselle wine mixed with water. HOW TO GET SLEEP.— How to get sleep is to many persons a matter of high importance. Nervous persons who are troubled with wakefulness and excitability, usually have a strong tendency of blood on the brain, with cold extremities. The pressure of the blood on the brain keeps it in a stimulated or wakeful state, and the pulsations in Aitits for the Pr t Mf 9 c$t ion of Heakk. 41* jjv; A«ad *t^ orteii painful. Let such rise and chafe the body and ex- tr*»4iti«j8 ■vTitn a brush or towel, or rub smartly with the hands, to pro- moW circulation, and withdraw the excessive amount of blood from the brain, and tliey will fall asleep in a few moments. A cold bath, or a sponge bath and rubbing, or a good run, era rapid walk in the open air, or going up and down stairs a few times just before retiring, will aid iu equalizing circulation and promoting sleep. These rules are simplw, and easy of application in castle or cabin, and may min- ister to tlie comfort of tliousands who would freely expend money forananodj'ne to ])romote " Nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep! " EARLI RISING.— Dr. Wilson Philip, in his "Treatise on Indi- gestion," sayi<: " Although it is of consequence to the debilitated to go early to bed, there are few things more luirtful to them than remaining in it too long. Getting up an hour or two earlier often gives a degree of viofor which nothing else can procure. For those who are not much debilitated, and sleep well, the best rule is to get out of bed soon after waking in the morning. This at first may appear too early, for the debilitated require more sleep than the healthy; Itiit rising early will gradually prol«vng the sleep on the succeeding night, till the quantity the patient enjoys is equal to his demand for it. Lying late is not only hurtful, by the relaxation it occasions, but also by occupying that part of the day aj which exercise is most beneficial." APPETITE.— Appetite is frequently lost through excessive use of stimulants, food ttiken too hot, sedentary occupation, costiveness, liver disorder, and wabs of change of air. The first endeavor should be to ascertain and remo/e the cause. Change of di-it and change of air will frequently be found more beneficial than medicines. TEMPERANCid.— "If," observes a writer, " men lived uniformly in a healthy climate, were possessed of strong and vigorous frames, wore descended from healthy parents, were educated in a hardy and active manner, weie possessed of excellent natural dispositions, were placed in comfortable situations in life, were engaged only in healthy occupations, were l^appily connected in marriage, and kept their pas- sions in due subjt^)tion, there would be little occasion for medical rules.'' All this is ^ery excellent and desirable; but, unfortunately for mankind, unattainable. Man must be something more than man to be able to connect the iifferent links of this harmonious chain — to consolidate this summmn bonum of earthly felicity into one uninterrupted whole; for, independ- ent of all regularit/ or irregularity of diet, passions, and other subhi- n.iry circumstances., contingencies, and connections, relative or absolute, thousands are visittsd by disease and precipitated into the grave, inde- ]»cnilent of accident, to whom no particular vice could attach, and with wiiom the appetite never overstepped the boundaries of temperance. Do we not hear almost daily of instances of men living near to and even upwards of a century? "We cannot account for this either; be- cause of such men we know but few who have lived otherwise th.in tiie world around them; and we have known many who have lived in habitual intemperance for forty or fifty years, without interruption and with little apparent inconvenience. Tlie assertion has been made by those who have attained a great atrc (Parr, and Henry Jenkins, for instance), that they adopted no par- ticular arte for the preservation of their health, consequently, it might he inferred that the duration of life has no dependence on manners or eustoms, or the qualities of particular food. This, however, is an error of BO common magnitude. 414 Appendix to Medical Department. Laborers, and other hard ■working people, more especially thosw whoseoccupatioiis require them to be mucli in the open air, may b« considered as following a regulated S3'^stem of moderation; and hence the higher degree of health which prevails among them and their' families. They also observe rules; and those which it is said were recommended by Old Parr are remarkable for good sense; namely, " Keep your head cool by temperance, your feet warm by exercise; rise early, and go soon to bed; and if you are inclined to get fat, keep your eyes open and your mouth shut," — in other words sleep moderately and be abstemious in diet; — excellent admonitions, more especially to those inclined to corpulency. The advantages to be derived from a regular mode of living, with a view to the preservation of health and life, are nowhere better ex- emplified than in the precepts and practice of Plutarch, whose rules for this purpose are excellent; and by observing tliem himself, he main- tained his bodily strength and mental faculties unimpaired to a verj' advanced age. Gralen is a still stronger proof of the advantages of a regular plan, by means of which he reached the great age of 140 years, without ever having experienced disease. His advice to the readers of his "Treatise on Health" is as follows: '*I beseech all persons whff read this work not to degrade themselves to a level W'th the brutes, or the rabble, by gratifying their sloth, or by eating and drinking pro- miscuously whatever pleases their palates, or by indulging thei» appetites of every kind. But whether they understand physic or not let them consult their reason, and observe what agrees, and what doe? not agree with them, tliat, like wise men, they may adhere to the usf? of such things as conduce to tiieir health, and foriiear everything whicl" by their own experience, they find to do them linrt; ai>d let them bf- assured that, by a diligent observation and prac ice of this rule, the] may enjoy a good share of health, and seldom s':;ind in need of physi*^ or physician " HEALTH IN YOUTH.— Late hours, irregular habits, atfd want of attention to diet, are common errors with most young men, and theso gradually, but at first imperceptibly, undermine the health, andlay th« foundation for various forms of disease in after life. It is veryditii cult to make young persons comprehend this. They frequently sit up as late as twelve, one, or two o'clock, without experiencing any iji effects; they go without a meal to-day, .ind to-morrow eat to repletion, with only temporary inconvenience. One night they will sleep three or four hours, and the next nine or ten; or one night, in their eager ness to get away into some agreeable company, they will take .lo food at all, and the next, perhaps, will eat a hearty supper, and go to bed upon it. These, with various other irregularities, are common to the majority of young men, and are, as just stated, the cause of mucli bad health in mature life. Indeed, nearly all the shattered constitutions with which too many are cursed, are the result of a disregard to the 'plainest precepts of health in early life. SPECIiL RULES FOR THE PRETENTION OF CHOLERA.— We urge the necessity, in all cases of cholera, of an instant recourse to medical aid, and also under every form and variety of indi«p08ition ; for all disorders are found to merge in the dominant disease. Let immediate relief be sought under disorder of the bowels espocially, however slight. The invasion of cholera maj' thus be i-eadily prevented. Let every impurity, animal and vegetable, be quickly remoy>d to a distance from the habitation, such assiaughier-houses, pig-sties, -^efla' pools, necessaries, and all otiher domestic niusauees. Rules for the I^res^rvatton qf Itealth. 415 Let all uncovered drains be carefully and frequently cleansed. Let the grounds in and around the habitation be drained, so as effectually to carry off moisture of every kind. Let ail partitions be removed from within and without habitations, which unnecessarily impede ventilation. Let every room be daily thrown open for the admission of fresh air; this should be done about noon, when the atmosphere is most likely to be dry. Let dry scrubbing be used in domestic cleansing in place of water cleansing. Let excessiv« fatigue, and. exposure to damp and cold, especially during the night, be avoided. Let the use of cold drinks and acid liquors, especially under fatigue, be avoided, or when the body is heated. Let the use of cold a'^-id fruits and vegetables be avoided. Let excess in the use of ar'Jent and fermented liquors and tobacco te avoided. Let a poor diet, and thr, use of impure water in cooking or for irinking, be avoided. Let the wearing of wet ?,'id insufBcient clothes be avoided. Let a flannel or woolsp belt be worn round the belly. Let personal cleanline'iy be carefully observed. Let every cause teriaing to depress the moral and physical energies T>e carefully avoided. Let exposure to extremes of heat and cold be v/^oided. Let crowding of persons within houses and apartments be avoided. Let sleeping in low or damp rooms be avoided. Let fires be kept up during the night in sleeping or adjoining apartments, the night being the period of most danger from attack, specially under exposure to cold or damp. Let all bedding and clothing be daily exposed during winter and •spring to the fire, and iit summer to the heat of the sun. Let the dead be buried in places remote from the habitations of the living. By the timely pdoption of simple means such as these, cholera, '»r otlier epidemic, will be made to lose its venom. RULES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH.— Pure at mospheric air is composed of nitrogen, oxji-gen, and a very small pro- poitlon carbonic acid gas. Air once breathed has lost the chief part of its oxygen, and acquired a proportionate increase of carbonic acid gas. Therefore, health requires that we breathe the same air once only. The solid part of our bodies is continually wasting, and requires to be repaired by fresh substances. Therefore, food, which is to repair the loss, should be taken with due regard to the exercise and waste of the body. Tlie fluid part of our bodies also wastes constantly; there is but one fluid in animalsi, which is water, Therefore, water only is neces- sary, and no artifice can produce a better drink. The fluid of our bodies is to the solid in proportion as nine to one. Tlierefore, a like proportion should prevail in the total amount of food taken Light exercises an important influence upon the growth and vigor of animals and plants. Therefore, our dwellings should freely admit the solar rays. Decomposing animal and vegetable substances yield various noxious gases, which enter the lungs and corrupt the blood. Therefore, all impMrities should be kei)t away from our abodes, and every precau- tion be observed to secure a pure atmosphere. 41 6 Appendix to Medical Department. Warmth is essential to all the bodily functions. Therefnre, an equal bodily temperature should be maintained by exercise, by clothing or by tire. Exercise warms, invigorates, and purifies the body; clothing pre^ serves the warmth thebodj generates; fire imparts warmth externally. Therefore, to obtain and preserve warmth, exercise and clothing ar* preferable to fire. Fire consumes the oxygen of the air, and produces noxious gases. Therefore, the air is less pure in the presence of candles, gas, or coal fire, than otherwise, and the deterioration should be repaired by in creased ventilation. The skin is a highly-organized membrane, full of minute pores* cells, blood-vessels, and nerves ; it imbibes moisture or throws it off", according to the state of the atmosphere and the temperature of the body. It also "breathes," as do the lungs (though less actively). AH the internal organs sympathize with tlie skin. Therefore, it should be repeatedly cleansed. Late hours and anxious pursuits exhaust the nervous system, anti produce disease and premature death. Therefore^ the hours of laboi and study should be short. Mental and bodily exercise are equally essential to the generaj health and happiness. Therefore, labor and study should succeed eact other. Man will live most healthily upon simple solids and fluids, ip which a suflficient, but temperate quantity should be taken. Therefor* over-indulgences in strong drinks, tobacco, snuff, opium, and all mert indulgencies, should be avoided. Sudden alternations of heat and cold are dangerous, (especially t. the young and the aged). Therefore, clothing, in quantity and quality should be adapted to the alternations of night and day, and of thv seasons. And therefore, also, drinking cold water when the body is hot. and hot tea and soups when cold, are productive of many evils. Moderation in eating and drinking, short hours of labor and regvi larity in exercise, recreation, and rest, cleanliness, equanimity of tenc per and equality of temperature, — these are the great essentials toth;.. which surpasses all wealth, Tiealth ofraimd andj body. Damp Linen. — We know of nothing attended with more seriou. consequences than the sleeping in damp linen. Persons are frequentlj assured tliat the sheets have been at a fire for many hours, but th* question is as to what sort of fire, and whether they have been properh turned, so that every part has been exposed to the fire. The fear ol creasing the linen, we know, prevents many from unfolding it, so a? to be what we consider sufficiently aired ; but health is of more im- portance than appearances; with gentleness there need be no fear of want of neatness. Health, Preservation of..— It is an old but a very just saying, that no one knows the value of health till they begin to lose it ; and it may b« aflirmed with equal truth, that the moment we become conscious that we have an eye, a stomach, or a heart, or fed any part of the silent but wondrous mechanism of which we are composed, disease or injury has invaded that organ or function. Health, then, is the insen- sible performance of all the operations of the body. Much might be said in this place on the preservation of that inestimable boon, health; but as most persons have an opinion of their own on such a subject? it will be sufficient to specify the most important rules to be observ*^. As far as external agents are concerned, those absolutely necessary *• the preservation of health are,— Rules for the Preservation of Health. 417 A constant and abundant supply of fresh air. A sufficiency of warm and appropriate clothing; the dress haying reference to the season. An ample supply of wholesome and nutritious food. A due amount of daily exercise. Frequent ablutions of the entire body, and generaly cleanliness of the skin. An adequate proportion of relaxation and amusement. Early hours, and regularity in the diet. And, lastly, constant occupation both for the mind and the body. In addition to these rules, all sudden alternations of temperature should be avoided ; the sleeping-room should be large, and well ven- tilated; exposure to damp and fogs avoided; the mind kept amused and active; the food well masticated and slowly eaten, and the bever- age kept as simple and unstimulating as possible. By the adoption of such rules, and paying attention to the first symptoms of local or gen- eral indisposition, a person may hope to preserve the blessingsof health for the longest possible period. Method of Ascertaining the State of the Lungs.— Persons desirous of ascertaining the true state of their lungs are directed to draw in as much breath as they conveniently can ; they are then to count as far as they are able, in a slow and audible voice, without drawing in more breath. The number of seconds they can oontinue counting must be carefully observed ; In a consumption the time does not exceed ten, and is frequently less than six seconds; in pleurisy and pneumonia it ranges from nine to four seconds. When the lungs are in a sound condition, the time will range as high as from twenty to thirty-five aeconds. Sictt Rooms — Cautions in Visiting. — Never enter a sick room in a state of perspiration, for as soon as the body becomes cold, it may absorb the infection or disease. Do not visit a sick person with au empty stomach, as it disposes the sj'stem more readily to receive in- fection. In a sick room, stand wheie the air passes from the door or window to the bed of the diseased. When poisonous vapor is muca diluted with fresh air, it is not noxious. The windows of a sick room, small and confined, should not be closed ; if the wind is cold, nearly close the curtains of the bed. Remove all dirty cloths, clotlies, and discharges, as soon as possible. Let the visitor have about his person camphor, etc After leaving an infectious room, a person should con- tinue in the open air some time before he enters his own dwelling. Use of Fruit. — Instead of standing in any fear of a generous con- sumption of ripe fruits, we regard them as conducive to health. We have no patience in reading the endless rules to be observed in this particular department of physical comfort. No one ever lived longer or freer from disease, by discarding the fruits of the land in which he finds a home. On tiie contrary, they are necessary to the preservation of health, and are therefore designed to make their ap- pearance at the very time when the condition of the body, operated upon by deteriorating causes not always understood, requires their renovating influence. Heaiui, Preservation of.— Adopt the plan of rising early, and never sit up late at night. Wash the whole body every morning with cold water, by means of a large spong*;, and rub it dry with a rough towel, or sw'ub the whole body for ten or fifteen minutes with flesh brushes. Those who use cold water regularly, either with a sponge or as a 4x8 Appendix to Medical Department. bath, are able to bear exposure to the weather much better than with- out its aid. Drink water generally, and avoid taking spirits, wines, and all fermented liquors. Sleep in a room that has free access to the open air, and is well rentilated. Keep the head cool by washing it with cold water if necessary, abate feverish and inflammatory symptoms when they arise, by pre- serving stillness. Symptoms of plethora and indigest'on may be corrected by eating and drinking less per day for a short time. Never eat a hearty supper, especially of animal food. Never in- dulge in luxuries; guard against intemperance; and never sit in a draught, or in wet clothes, nor lie in a damp bed. Exercise regularly taken, tends to preserve the health. Walk one or two miles a day, regardless of weather, unless very bad indeed. Even a lady with stout walking boots, a large thick cloak, and an umbrella, may defy bad weather. In taking exercise in very severe weather, keep your mouth closed and walk rapidly ; the air can only reach the lungs by a circuit of the nose and head, and becomes warm before reaching the lungs, thus causing no derangement. Brisk walking throws the blood to the sur- face of the body, thus keeping up a vigorous circulation, making a cold impossible, if you do not get into a cold bed too quickly after reaching home. Neglect of these precautions brings sickness and death to mul' tititdes every year. The amount of exercise necessary for health is variable, depending upon natural constitution, education, sex, and age. For men from twenty to fifty, eight or ten miles a day of walking exercise may be taken as the avei-age ; and for women of the same age, about half thi? quantity will suffice. Less than this will go a great way, but for keep- ing up high health, the above amount, omitted only on tiioroughly wet days, may be considered necessary. By all means avoid a morbid desponding feeling, for scarcely any thing is more injurious to health. Mental as well as bodily exercise is essential to the general health and happiness; therefore, labor and study should succeed each other The plainest food is the best, taken in quantities so small as not to oppress the stomach. A man should never know that he has a stomach except when he is hungry. To increase^ muscnlar power, food should be taken which does not produce fat; for f. it is frequently a sign of disease. A race-horse is brought to his prime condition by a system of training. So with man, if he wishes to see the full development of all his muscular power, he must restrict himself in diet, and exhaust his fat by having a good sweating every d:ij% but not to take cold. Lying too long in bed is injurious to health. The want of expan- sion of the chest through exercise, will aggravate or create consump- tive tendencies, which all more or less have; and the constant heat of the back or one side, occasioned by cusliioning, disturbs healthy action. When food rises in the stomach, the Stomach is speaking to us, and we ought to listen to it, or health will suffer. In due time headaches will be the result; the liver is oppressed, and cannot fulfill its ftmctions* There has been more introduced into the body than ojui be conveniently disposed of. Every part receives some of the oi)tru8Jve matter; itisforced into the absorbents; the blood is unwillingly compelled to take a part Rules for the Preservation of Heatth. 419 «rt fl;; thi brain feels the effect of the poisonous infusion; the circula- taion Is Impeded ; the heart feels it, and labors hard to do its allottecj work. By persisting in the liabit, life will be shortened. Too little food has its symptoms as well as too much. The body will flag 'for want of stimulus; it will lose warmth and energy; and if it be found that more food restores both, snd brings comfort, then more food is wanted. Every one should endeavor to discover his own maximum and minimum allowance, and adhere to it. Those who think most, require the most sleep. The time "saved" from necessary sleep is destruction to mind, body, and estate. Give yourself, children, and servants, the fullest amount of sleep by com- pelling them to go to bed at some early hour, and to rise in the morn- ing tlie moment they awake of themselves, and within a fortnight nature will unloose the bonds of sleep the moment enough repose has been secured. Rise and retire at a fixed hour ; take a gentle walk before break->. ""ast; and take your meals at the same hours daily. The less quantity of fermented liquors you drink the better. Nothing conduces more to health and long life than abstinence an(i /lain food, with due labor. Where water does not disagree value the privilege, and continue it. Late hours and anxious pursuits exhaust the nervous system, lierefore avoid them as much as possible. In order that digestion may take place, the food should be well oiiewed. The stomach will not deal with it in lumps. It must be ihoroughly masticated and well mixed with the saliva which flows into 'he mouth during mastication. Do without medicine if possible ; but in case of real indisposition, Namediately consult a competent medical man. Heartburn. — Drink a pint of very cold water. Tried. Or, drink tlowly decoction of camomile flowers. Or, eat four or live oysters.— Wesley. Heartburn. — " If acidity of the stomach occasions the heartburn fcbsorbents are the proper medicines. Take 1 oz. of powdered chalk, \^ oz. of fine sugar, and )^ oz. of gum arable may be mixed in a quart water, and a tea-cup of it taken when necessary. But the best ab- Borbent is mag-teiiia cdba. It acts also as a purgative. This powder is not disagreeable; it may be taken in a cup of tea, or a glass of mint Water." — Bvchan. If it arises from wind, take 1 teaspoon of spirits of lavender, or the neutralizing mixture. MEALS.— If the pi-eservation of the life entrusted to us is the first duty of man, the keeping that life in a state of healthy action should be equally imperative. To do this effectively, the two first considera- tions aTQfood and exercise, occupation of mind and body ; when to take this food is an inquiry that should be answered with the same care be- stowed on the substances which constitute our aliment. The meals, then, or the sufficiency of food to be taken at one time, should have reference not only to the person's occupation, his amount of physical and mental labor, but to his hours of action and repose. In arranging tlie definite period for each meal, the person should calculate the number of hours between his rising in the morning and his retiring to bed at night, and then endeavor to divide this time into four as nearly equal spaces as he can, and assign each as an hour for a meal- It will be seen by this that we advocate tlie old-fashioned saquence oi meal.i in preference to the modern and more artificial mode 4io Appendix to Medical Department. of livin o^, fully impressed with the belief tliat the first is more in accord ance with the requirements of nature, and consequent!)'- more con ducive to health. The usual number of working hours averages iv^\\\ fifteen to sixteen a day; perhaps the latter is more generally corre'^U for, should not the 6oc^^ be occupied the whole time from the gettiuj; up to the going to bed, the mind is; and there is consequently fatijji^" and exhaustion. As the stomach usually takes from four to five hours to perform the process of digestion, and as that organ should never be allowed to remain empty for any length of time, these sixteen hoars must be divid- ed into the four periods we are about to indicate. Where unavoidable employment prevents such an arrangement, the space from morning tonight may be reduced to without the necessity of repeatedly turning the child. 4. To avoid the too common habit of making them too long and too heavy. Havuig procured, washed, and ironed her baby's clothes, they should be all carefully placed by themselves in a drawer or box, and kept wheie, on any emergency, they can be obtained by the nurse; other articles can be added afterwards. If everythins: has gone on favoiably with the mother, about a fortnight before her expected time the basket should be made ready. The proper baby-basket is about two feet square; it should be light, •ind not too deep, the whole being covered with a lining of loose dim- ity. The basket should contain one entire set of clothes, half of the •Ji'apers, a linen and a flannel roller, two caps, a pincushion, a pot of poinatum and one of lard, a cake of white Windsor soap, a large poma- ^vun pot of plain violet or starch powder, a puflf, a soft hair brush, and (11 the top of all there should be placed three or four pieces of soft old .inen, a skein of whitish-brown tliread, and a pair of ordinary scis- sors. The prejudices the young mother acquires in the nursing of her ilrst baby from the nurse, are liable to adhere to her through life, and (nay be a source of hurt to others, and an itijury to the health of her t)wn children. That the young mother should implicitly believe what her nurse tells her, is not to be wondered at, as such statements come to her with all the potency of tradition, and as the result of incontest- able experience. We shall have occasion to refer to some of these vulgar errors and prejudices under tlie article "Nurse," which see. Two instances are sufficient for our purpose now. One of these is the habit some nurses have of giving the infant, the instant it is taken on her lap, a few tea-spoons of wa/rm gin, or rum and wdter, sweetened mth sugar; the other equally objectionable, but more hurtful practice, in that of dosing the undressed infant with castor oil. A more glaring mistake, or a grosser outrage on an unoffending stomach than either practice, cannot be conceived : a poor child, who has hardly drawn half an hour's breath, has its tender stomach excessively stimulated by spirits and water, or its bowels racked with a drastic purgative. Yet how many hundreds of infants are made daily to take their first mor- tal taste from spirits or physic! The phenomena produced on the infant's body by its first gasp in life, witli all that appertains to its existence before and after birth, will lie explained under the head of "Infant," which see. The first duty (lie new-boin child claims at the hands of the nurse is that of wash- ing. The ))rincipal object of attention in performing this operation from first to last, is to be tender and quick, and only to turn the child when actuiUfi necessary; it is the length of time taken up in the pro- -ess, tlie rough handling, and repeated changes of posture, that ren- ders washing so distasteful to the infant, and calls forth, by shrill erics, that noisy protest to the ceremony: tlie nurse, in hei gossiping task, ignoring the fact that the infant's 'skin, full of blood and sensa- tion, is the most tender part of its body, and keenly susceptible of her often rough hands and the cold air. 424 Appendix to Medical Department. A bath with warm water being placed at her feet, a hors* wit> the clothes required before the fire, and near her reach, and the baby basket on the opposite side, the nurse, with a sponge and white soap, should commence the business of washing, beginning always with the head, and absorbing the moisture from the body by gentle pressure with a soft, porous towel, instead of rubbing the parts dry. Some- times the body is coated with a white tenacious substance, which can only be removed by warm lard being first rubbed over it, and after- wards washed away. As soon as the child is dressed, it should be taken to the mother, placed at the breast, and the first substance aUowed to enter its mouth drawn from the mother. Nature has purposely arranged that the first secretion of milk for every child should be adapted to the wants of the Infant; and as the body requires cleansing, and the stomach cannot immediately digest the cheese into which the milk is converted, the first secretion of milk is purposely thin and poor, possessing aperient properties, and almost destitute of those cheesy elements of which, in a few days subsequently, it contains so large an amount. The fire* flow of milk is of the utmost consequence to the child, and does awaj with any pretense for physic, or the necessity of feeding. Where, froit ill health or other causes, the infant cannot be put to the breast imm«' diately, that plan must be adopted which is laid down in " Bringint up by Hand." See " Infant." One of the duties the mother should never neglect to see to, U that no bandage or string confines either the action of the abdomen or chest; for the well-being of the body depends upon the free i^lay <•* the organs contained in those cavities. At the same time, the robe and frock should neither be too long nor too heavy, so as to press on the child's feet; and as often as possi- ble the limbs should be rubbed with the hand, and plenty of air ad mitted to them. The infant cannot too soon be accustomed to regtdar Uy in tlie liines of feeding and sleeping; a child should not be suckleo often''!- — IS a general rule — than once in every three or four hours, ana then rather after rousing from sleep, than just before going to it>. cradle. The child should be put down awake, and allowed to fal. asleep witliout rocking or singing to. When awake, it should be tosser and moved about as much as possible, or laid on its back on the car pet, and permitted to kick about its legs and work its body as, much a^ it pleases. The mother should never take her infant to bed, or allow Jt to slee] with her, but so arrange the crib or bassinet, that it may be on a leve with her own side of the bed, so as on waking to be able easily to reach, and, when necessary, to suckle her baby, or to take it in her arms. But there is nothing a mother should more carefully shun than the extremely hurtful practice of falling asleep with the eJuld at her breast; the injury to the child from this habit is nearly as dangerous as it is to the mother. Tlie cause that renders the infant's body so susceptible of oold m rough contact makes the stomach and bowels equally sensitive to ail irritating drugs or hard substanoes of food; this fact should never lie lost sight of in administering physic or aliment to very yovng chil- dren. On this accoi»nt, whenever practicable, fee «»o tected, particularly iu wet and windy weather, cannot be too much insisted on. If the feet are well covered by woolen socks and thick snoes, the stomach and chest enveloped by warm, close-titting clothes, and the head liglitly covered, all otiier parts of the body may be safely left to wind and weather; not that we would advise weak, rickety, or delicate children to have any portion of their bodies exposed to the atr mosphere. Such children (and the great number of bowed-legged boys and girls to be seen on holiday occasions in our streets, showg how prevalent is this form of debility among the working classes,) should have their thin, delicate limbs most carefully protected from tlie cold, and the circulation by every means stimulated to, not repelled, by cold, from their emaciated members. Yet how often do we see such puny children, with limbs hardly larger in circumference than walking-sticks, with exposed legs, bare arms, and such limited latitude of skirts, that they hardly suffice for decency, and are totally incapable of supplying warmth! If the motive that induced tliis species of gos- samer costume was based on any valid principle, we could forgive the parental vanity so often conspicuous in the fanciful garb of the child ; but as no infant of civilized parents was ever benefited or made strong by the domestic regime of a savage, we must strongly condemn a course that can only tend to swell the bills of mortality. As regards women, it may be said of females in general, that they are not sufficiently dressed — particularly young and unmarried femalex — safety and comfort being too often sacrificed to fashion, taste, or ap pearance. It is after coming from heated theatres, ball-rooms, and such places, that women are so remiss in taking that precaution tn guard the lungs by a veil, and the chest by a shawl, so absolutely nee essary. The observations we have made about the head, feet, stomach and chest of children, should be attended to as rigoiously by females at all periods of life from 17 to 50. Infants, Managrement of. — A child, when born, should be laid for the first month, upon a thin mattress, which the nurse may some times keep on her knee, that the child may always lie, and only sit up as l!he nurse slants the mattress. Keep it as dry as possible. At thf^ end of a month, the nurse may set it up, and dance It by decrees. The clothing should be light, and not much longer than itself, that the legs may be readily reached and rubbed, for rubbing takes olT scurf, and causes the blood to circulate. Rubbing the ankle-bones and inside of the knees will strengthen those parts, and make the child stretch its knees, and keep them flat. Do not keep a child too long in the arms, lest the legs should be cramped, and the toes turned inward. The oftener the posture is changed the better. During tlie first fortnight the child should sleep on a bed, except when taken up to supply its wants, which will give it early habits of cleanliness. It is injurious to be laid always asleep on a person's knee. By slow degrees the infant should be accustomed to exercise, within doors, and in the open air. It should be carj-ied about, and gently dandled in the nurse's arms. Exercising a child in the open air, in fine weather, is of the greatest service. Endeavor to harden the body, but without violent means. A child is constitutionally weak and irritable; hence we should try to strength- en the child, and diminish this irritability, in order to procure it the greatest blessing— a firm body, which may resist all influence of air and weather. Tlie cold bath may be used too much, and bodily exer- «ise may be too violent. Advice to Mothers. 42 f jtiwinr ^ih 0:11(1 by impevceptible degrees be inured to the cool, and tbei. \.h i)ie cold baUi. If they have been accustomed to an effeminate treatmei.t, and shoultj be sudclenly subjected to an opposite extreme, such a clia'ige would be attended with danger. The child's skin is to be kept perfectly clean, by washing its limbs morning and evening; begin with warm water, till, by degrees, it will bear, and like, to be washed with cold water. After carefully drying the whole body, head, and limbs, another dry soft cloth, a littlei warmed, should be used gently, to take all the damp from the wrinkled* and fat parts of the body. Apply gentle friction to the body, but do not press upon the stomach and bowels. If the skin is chafed, hair powder, or violet powder, is to be used, or a thin mixture of fuller's earth. For the head, a small soft brueh is safer than a comb. It should have clean linen, etc., every day. Some females in dressing an infant Tire very rough, and must har- ass and fatigue it much. The most tender deliberation should be ob- served. Never let the clothes be tight. Never use pins, for they are langerous. The strings must be tied so slack that one might get two Hngers between. Many instances of idiotism, fits, and deformity, are >wing to tight bandages. Never expose an infant to open doors or windows, especially in vinter. The extreme of a summer daj' should also be avoided. Ex- cessive heat or cold will injure an infant. Infants should not be kept v>o near the fire. The wisest course in treating infants, is to follow the simple dic- tates of nature ; yet some people are so devoid of consideration as to give tliem wine, spirits, spices, sugar, and other things too strong for their tender stomachs. The first milk a baby can draw from its mother's breast is medicine and nourishment for it, and if she is too ill to give it, it is better to let it wait a few hours, than to give it any kind of food. But if it is very craving, mix milk with soft boiled water, and give it half a tea-spoon at a time, only warm, for the mouth cAunot bear much heat. Let it swallow one little portion before an- other is offered, and raise its head that it may pass the gullet easily. Do not overload the stomach, which may greatly disorder the infant, Hnd become the foundation of gluttony. If a mother cannot suckle the child, get a healthy, cheerful wom- an, with young milk, who is fond of infants. After the first six months, broths, and simple food, may do as well as living wholly upon milk. If milk cannot be had, a tea-spoon of the yolk of a fresh egg, well beaten, and mixed with two table-spoons of soft boiled water, will do instead. Three inches square of lean veal, and one inch thick, will make soup for a baby for two or three days. Boil only half at once, in a pint of soft water, down to two-thirds. Strain. When cold take off the scum. Warm a little as wanted. A thin gruel also may be made from rice flour. In the latter part of the first year, pure water may occasionally be given. Those parents who accustom their children to drink water only, bestow on them a benefit, the value of which will be sensibly felt through life. Habits of intemperance, the curse of after life, are often laid in infancy. Rising early in the morning is good for all children, provided they awake of themselves, which they generally do; they ought not to be waked out of tlieir sleep. Children, till they are two or three years •Id, must never be allowed to walk long enough to be weary. 28 --- 4a& A^ndix to M0Scal Depurimtnt. In laying a child to sleep, place it upon the right side oftener th(« on the left, but twice in the twenty-four hours it should be changed t» the left side. Laying it on its back when it awakes, is enough of that posture, in which alone it can move its legs and arms with freedom. Place the cradle so that the light may come equally on both eyes, to prevent squinting. Infants cannot sleep too long. Sleep promotes a more calm and uniform circulation of the blood, and facilitates assimilation of the nutriment received. Mothers and nurses should try to accustom in- fants, from the time of their birth, to sleep in the night, preferably to the day. To awaken children from sleep with a noise, or in an impetuous manner, is unwise and hurtful ; also to carry them from a dark room immediately into a glaring light, for the sudden impression of light debilitates the organs of vision, and lays the foundation of weak eyes from infancy. Infants are sometimes very restless at night, caused by either cram- ming them with too much food, by tight night-clothes, or by being overheated with blankets, etc. Never give an infant wine, spirits, or any drug, to make it slee^ Milk, water, or both mixed, whey, or thin gruel; these are the fittest for infants. The more simple and light their diet and drink, the mok* they will thrive. A bedroom or nursery ought to be spacious and lofty, dry, airy and not inhabited through the day. Feather beds should be banisheci from nurseries, as they are an unnatural and debilitating contrivance The windows should never je opened at night, but left open the whol»- day, in line clear weather. Nurses ought never to conceal any accident befalling a child. A)i violent impressions on the senses and bodies of children should be avoided. It is injurious to toss them about rapidly and violently ir> their arms. Loud crying, or shouting in their ears, presenting glitter ing objects to their view, and sudden and too great a degree of lights such practices are very injurious. A New York physician makes, in the Times, the following senaibV suggestions concerning the care of infants during hot weather : Loose, light, clean clothing, covering the entire body. To b changed each day, if possible. No bandages whatever. Bathe the infant morning and evening in simple tepid water, aa^ dry thoroughly. Use no spirits or washes of any kind. Keep rooms and all bedding clean and well aired. Feed a nursing infant on bread and milk only, and not often et than every two or three hours; occasionally a tea-spoon of cool (not iced) water, but let no other material whatever pass its lips. It must not be nursed more than once between bed-time and rising. Give it water by the tea-spoon, if it cries. Feed the bottle-fed Infant as follows : Boiled freah cow's milK diluted one-third with sweetened barley water. Milk and a little lime water. Water occasionally to drink, but not another article of food. Especially avoid farina, corn starch, arrow-root, etc. Give the bottl* once in every two or three hours. When the child vomits after taking food, do not give it any mdre for a couple of hours. The fact of its vomiting shows its stomach, for some cause, does not tolerate the food; so give it rest, and thus th& stomach will recover, and at the end of a couple of hours wih reoeii*-* ^nd digest the food. Aiviee to Mothers. 439 If thfc bowels are loose, do the same as above, feeding the child eparintrly, oiily every three or live hours. Keep it quiet, apply warm mustard clotlis to its abdomen, and, if feveris^h, give it a liot bath. Give no patent medicines, decoctions, or other remedies. If it does not get better in twelve liour», send for a doctor. The following article upon the "Treatment of Children," by Abram Livezey, M. D., we take from Peterson's Magazine, and com- mend it to the careful perusal of evcy mother who cares for the welfaref of her children. They will be amply repaid for the time thus silent: NO. I. — The Use and Abuse of Calomel. — I warn mothers against the general use of calomel, given so freely by too many physicians. From the smalli'ess of the dose, its almost tastelessness, the facility with which it niuy be given, it is i-escrted to in numberless cases, where It is not only unuecssary but positively injurious. In the bowels of children nature has supplied an abundance of rnucus to shield those parts, so tender In infant life, and to protect them irom the effects of irritating substances. A dose or two of calomel, lowever, speedily removes this protection of the bowels in infancy, and, vheii repeated a train of symptoms ensues which endanger the child's ife, and excite alarm in the maternal bosom. Its strength is suddenly j(One; " its legs and arms hang helplessly down ; it is peevish and fret- Nil ; the face assumes a pinched expression ;'' one cheek is oftlmes '■tushed, the other pale (and the mother thinks it has worm fever ;) the ■Abdomen is very hot to the hand ; there is dryness of the lips, from the '.rritative fever induced by the action of the calomel; the nose is deprived of its natural moisture, becomes also dry, and itches, and ♦he child thus picks both, and the moth3r is sure, from this symptom »(f irritation, that the child has worms, ar d the doctor too often coincides, «nd more purgative medicines is given to free the little suffering patient from imaginary parasites! If the child be of a very vigorous constitution, it may triumph over both the disease and the folly of the .loctor; but if, on the contrary, it be feeble, it will lie with its little tittenuated limbs stretched out, indifferent to all around it, until death *loses the scene. Children who have been over-dosed with calomel have always a (fcdions convalescence, and exhibit an old look, in consequence of the apid absorption of fat. L 'St in my strictures in the use of calomel, some of my medical readers should mentally charge me with eclecticism, I will quote a few paiagraphs from Dr. Beck, against wliora no such charges can be made: " When salivation does take place in the child, its effects are most disastrous. Sloughing of the gums and cheeks, general prostration, and death, are by no means uncommon occurrences." "In bowel complaints, under the idea of altering the secretions, it has frequently helped to keep up the very intestinal irritation which it was given to correct." " It ought to be a rule laid down, and rigidly followed, that in very young children, mercury ought never to be used as a cathartic, unless there is a special reason for resorting to it." "Let motiiers, then, who prize the health and well-being of their children (and what mother does not?) beware of these little white or gray powders, too frequently jMescribed by the family physician, who often does so out of regard to the taste of the child." Ip its place, castor oil, or the rhubarb and lime-water mixture, is Ijeat adapted to bowel disorders of infantsand children; and Husband's 430 Appendix to Medical DepartnteHt maguesia alone, or with half the quantity of rhubarb, or an infusion o> senna leaves, with some one of the arocaatics as gingei", annise, fennel will answer every good purpose when their little stomachs are clogged, livers torpid, as indicated by coated tongue, etc. No medicine, says Professor Gross, acts 60 well upon the whole secretary system as senna. NO. II.— Use and Abuse of Blisters.— Opium, tartar emetic and mercury, like the fabled weird sisters, CiotliO, Lacheis and Atropos work in harmony together to abbreviate the span of infantile existence ; and when they fail. to cure(!) or remedy " remediable ills," another itithlferous agent is brought i!ito play to finish the work, so badly car- ried on from its inception. This is the fly-blister — cerat, canthar, — as it usually appears on the prescription paper,of the action of which, and its effect upon young children, every mother should be informed. As the skin, hi infancy, is more delicate in structure, possesses greater vascularity, and a nuich higher degree of sensibility, it is at once apparent that blisters must not only produce their specific effects in a shorter time than thej' do in the adult, but tlie inflammation resulting from their action is also much greater in the young subject, and ar« mucii more apt to be followed by injurious consequences from thiv resulting inflammation, sucii as deep, rodent ulceration, gangrene, ani* even death. Melancholy instances of this character, quite too numen • ous, can be found on medical record. Dr. Ryan says: "I have seen a blister on the chest followed hi sloughing, and an aperture form over the epigastrium, which exposed the viscera beneath." The late Professor Chapman, of this city, w^rote, that in children >, blister " sometimes induces gangrene, as I have witnessed in two oi three instances." Fortunate, indeed, is the physician vv^ho, in a practice of twenty five years, has not seen many such cases in his own practice, or thatol his professional brethren. Recently I was called to a babe of a few months old, abandoned by the family phj'sician as hopeless, upc whose little breast I found a partially ulcerated and inflamed surfac*^ four inches square, the result of a fly-blister ordered to be left on si* hours by an " aged and experienced" physician, a day or two previour- The infant died, of coui-se, not from the catarrh, but from gangrene which utterly destroyed the intercostal muscles between the first anc! second, and second and third ribs, on either side of the sternum. When blisters are ordered by the family physician, the mothe. should entrust its action to none, but have a personal, watchful car*, over it, raising tlie plaster at no distant intervals, and observing the condition of the skin, and remove it as soon as the surface appears uniformly reddened, and then apply a soft, moist poultice of bread and milk. Thus will be eftected vesication in a few hours, and all the good that can possibly be derived from the blister, and the possible injurious consequences generally avoided. Do not allow a blister to remain on a child six, four, or even two hours, though so ordered by '' age and experience," witliout the abov6 precautionary measures. In two or three hours after the application of the poultice, thb serum will be readj^, generally, to discharge, and then a thick layer of finely corded cotton sliould be applied, to absorb the continued di&> charge. In two days under ordinary circumstances, a new cuticle will be formed, the old come off with the cotton, and the blistered surface cured. Space will permit for only one mor» caution in reference trt Advice to Mothers. 431 the application of this powerful agent; and that is, when the skin is in a morbid or preternaturally injected and excited state, as in the case of measles and scarlatina, ulceration and gangrene are by no means unusual sequences of blisters. Professor Dunglinson leaves behind him the recorded fact that he has seen "several cases of death manifestly caused by the use of blis- ters in scarlatina and measles." This should be received as precaution- ary advice by the young practitioner, and even if the experienced and aged one is so unmindful of the dangers of their improper or injudi- cious use, mothers should exercise a respectful but firm stand as the natural protector of their children, against the " use and abuse of blisters." NO. III. — Irritation— Gfeneral. — Of all subjects connected with this department, and of all the duties which devolve upon the mother as a watchful guardian of the health and well-being of her children, there is no one more important, and none that will reward her more to study, than that of irritation ; for, with a knowledge of its source and results, she will be able to guard against the causes, remove the effects and very often, by timely and simple ministration, relieve many dis- eases of infancy and childhood. Irritation is a disordered state of the nerves of the part affected, with more or less pain and functional disturbance; a state in which the predominant symptom is nervous derangement, which is neither accompanied by, nor results from inflammation. The influence of h'ritation, as a cause of disease, is wide spread, and a knowledge of its effects will guide the mother, not onlj' in the detection of disease, but enable her wisely to remove or combat it. She will thus learn that inost diseases of infants proceed from irritation of a higher or lower degree, and not from inflammation, a fact that is too often overlooked by medical men, who, through fear of this hugbear, resort to leeching, blistering, mercurials and aniimonials, to prevent or subdue it, to the great injury of the little patient. For if a disease proceeding from Irritation be treated as an inflammatory one, the case will be greatly aggravated. It is a great physiological fact, and mothers should be aware of it, that every organ of the body is liable to derangement in its function from the influence of irritation; and that such deranged action may jccur directly or indirectly, from sympathy with other parts, organs, or functions of them in an unnatural state of excitement or irritation. To illustrate the foregoing observations, I will specify some of the sources and effects in and upon children. The function of the brain may, for a time, be more or less paralized, assuming all the symptoms of stupor or apoplexy, in consequence of the pain attendant upon teething, or from the irritating effects of undigested or crude food in the stomach. From similar exciting causes, as well as from worms in the alimentary canal, will convulsions often ensue. Even external impressions of a powerful kind, will exert similar effects, and produce convulsions as the following cases, related by Surgeon Hood, clearly proves. The chnstening of the first son of a nobleman was to be cele- brated with great porap at night, at which time the apartments were lighted with the utmost brilliancy. The moment the infant duke was brought into the drawing room, the sudden glare of the strong light caused a1mo.st instantaneous convulsions, from which the child never recovered. A married lady, very highly connected, was to inherit a very large estate provided she had a son. Consequentlj^, when her first son yr*9 432 Appendix to Medical Department. born, there was great rejoicing at liis cliristening, and a bishop waa invited to perform the ceremony. Wiien he arrived, the servants knoclced so loudly at the room-door that the child was frightened into convulsions, and died soon after. NO. IV. — Irritation — Special.— Having spoken somewhat in gen- eral terms of the influence of irritation upon the young child, I will now point out some of tlie special eflfects arising from the same source. Flatulency is directly a cause of much pain and discomfort to the babe, and indirectly produces palpitation of the heart, whilst derange- ment of the stomach and liver, especially if attended with acidity, will not only produce the same eflects, but, in addition, give rise to acute pain in the region of the heart. Cold is also a most common cause of irritatation, not only causing pain and distress in the bowels, but more frequently acting upon and deranging the functions of the lungs and air passages. Who has not noticed how remarkably have children, when prop- erly clothed, escaped entirely the ordinary affectations of the cliest during the first year or two of their existence, proving conclusively that judicious clothing becomes really a prophylactic against catarrli, as the converse has always been observed where diseases of these organs constantly abound. Mothers should remember that even if the infant with bare arms chest and legs, should escai^e from catarrh before the period of teetli ing, it will be fearfully in danger when this in-itative process com- mences, as it f?eems to deprive the "ungs of their previous power of resisting the effects of colds. — Rood. Every mother knows, (and yet how often she overlooks the fact,) that teething will so affect the digestive powers as to cause sickness and loss of appetite; and the excitement increasing, and the irritation extending, will sometimes produce quite a severe purging. So susceptible is the nervous organizations of the infant, that this natural tenderness of early life renders them liable to powerful im- pressions from slight causes of irritation. After the age of three years, such diseases as arise chiefly from irritation become less common, and sudden attacks more rare. Now, also, the brain is more frequently attacked or suffers more from in- creased nervousexcitemeatinsteadof the lungs or organs of respiration, as was the case in the earlier stages. Many parents manifest a desire to make their children smart or precocious at this early period, and they resort to means to effect this, that frequently excite ihe brain in a forcible and unnatural manner, and cause functional derangement of that important organ. Such precocious children are generally of a nervous temperament, tiieir muscular system imperfectly developed, and a too rapid growth of the body induces debility and languor in the circulation, andconsequently an insufficient supply of blood to the brain. Finally, mothers should ever remember, that the confined air of the bedchamber predisposes to irritation of the throat and lungs. Hence the suddeness and frequency of attacks of spasmodic croup, and other iiritations in the respiratory organs during the night, when the child ii;is been put to bed in apparent health. Well ventilated rooms are of the first importance to childrcB as well as adults, during dentition especially ; and the good eflects of such rooms canoot be too highly appreciated by both clases. " Infantile physiog- noiuv," etc., or what can be learned from the study of the expression of l)>e face, and its general movements, are interesting and important Advice to Mothers. 433 topics to the careful and conscientious mother, who desires to discharge her whole duty to her offspring ; and this study will next engage our attention. NO. v.— Infantile Physiognomy.— This is a subject not only of paramount importance for medical men to study, but equally so to mothers; for from the expression of a child's face a certain kind of information is to be derived that cannot possibly be learned from any other source. For instance if there is a look of or an appearance of heavineesi about the eyes, with pallid features; if the child rolls its head, and cries out frequently, it most probably suffers from pain in the head ; or if it scowls or frowns at the introduction of light, and seems to dis- like it, there is good cause to believe that there is more or less difficulty in the freedom of circulation of blood in the brain. If the muscles of the face and forehead become contracted, giying the features a pinched appearance, with an occasional bluish tinge on the upper lip, and about the angles of the mouth, which appears also puckered; .if, with these appearances, there is conjoined a drawing up of the child's legs, and the child screams or cries " by spells," it is probably griped, and is suffering from flatulency, (wind colic,) as well *is from an excess of acidity in the stomach and bowels. During the process of teething, if the lips, mouth, and tongue be- T:ome dry, with a cessation of the usual flow of saliva, irritation with r»ain in the gums, is then indicated, and should receive attention. S? Tietimes a child is noticed to grow pale, the flesh becomes very «oft, blue veins manifest themselves in an especial degree on the fore^ head, and a general lacking of that natural animation so peculiar to children ensues — symtoms which indicate a deficiency of red globules 1(1 the. child's blood, or, in other words, the blood contains more serum than is compatible with health. Such delicate little children are apt to t»e attacked with laryngisms stridulus, a form of spasmodic croup, or crowing respiration, that sometimes causes sudden death. The eye of a child is a good index of the state of the brain. The ttralii is considered to be suffering from irritation if the pupil contracts on exposure to light ; but if the pupil is dilated, and exposure to light has no influence upon it. we conclude that there is congestion of the brain, from some cause, generally from imperfect circulation of blood through that organ, or from effusion through the ventricles. The pulse is a too uncertain guide, except to those of enlarged ex- perience and observation, to be of any benefit to the mother, and we consequently pass it by. The skin, both as to its texture and color, is a much better guide, and can be profitably studied by the mother. For instance, it it be steadily harsh and dry, she may be concerned that theie is some source of irritation or derangement exisitin^in some vital or important organ, as the stomach, liver, or bowels; whilst if the skin be of a dirty white, the liver does not secrete and discharge the bile through its proper ducts into the alimentary canal. There is another appearance of the skin, denominated by some authors as " pasty," or bluish-white color, that is seen in children of unhealthy condition, with most of the secretions of the body deranged, and, consequently, the blood becomes impoverished and unhealthy also. Mothers can readily acquaint themselves with some of the most prominent symptoms of disorder in their children, and thus justly ludge better whether they should summon medical aid. 434 Appendix to Medical Department. NO. VI.— Infantile Prognosis. — The mother need not be alarmed, generally, if her child be " fractious and cross," even though it be apparently quite ill, for in nearly all such cases, but little danger is to be apprehended. Crying also need never excite alarm, unless for a long time, and unaccountably continued; for children, however ill they may seem to be, if disposed to cry, will seldom succumb to the exisiting malady. Crying, in ftict, is the infant's language ; and when this is absent for a length of time, there is more occasion for uneasiness, and more danger to be apprehended, than when present even to an intense degree. Yet it is possible for a prolonged fit of crying, in a healthy child, to produce a state resembling congestion of the lungs, as it is manifested by the turning of the face to a pale color, the breathing becomes short and quick, and is attended with great restlessness — a state which con- tinues until the circulation is restored to its wonted tranquility. The position of a child is an important diagnostic of its condition, by the observance of which the mother can satisfy herself thnt there is, or is not, danger brewing to her child. For instance, even though the child be thought, in her tits of fear, to be alarmingly ill, yet if it reposes upon its side, the arms easily bent, (perhaps the head resting upon one of them,) with the thighs drawn up toward the abdomen^ she may safely conclude, "there is no danger to be apprehended to my darling babe;" but if it is observed to lie upon its back continuously its legs strecthed out, its arms extended, and fingers clenching thf thumbs in the palms, together with more or less rigidity of the rauscle« of the body, then, surely, in all such cases, there is much reason foi serious apprehension on account of the presence of powerful irritating causes existing somewhere in its system, and a medical attendant should be summoned without delay. Lastly, when a state of apathy oi indifference to all external things or impressions is manifested by the child, owing to exhaustion, or any other cause, the mother may justlj have cause for serious apprehension; for such a state, or condition clearly indicates that the vital powers are giving way — that the strength of the little patient is gradually, but surely, sinking; that probably there is a commencing effusion within the ventricles of the brain, from a languor of circul'»,tion through it, or from " the blood being of s( watery a consistence as to fail in communicating that degree of stimu lus which, in its healthy state, it never fails to impart." Hence it should ever be borne in mind that morbid irritation exertw a powerful influence over the diseases of children, and the strength o/ the child should not be so generally prostrated at the onset of disease, by the use of exhausting remedies. Children are very tenacious of life, and in trying to effect too much in too short a time, we often err; and too many sink under this " bold practice." The vis medicatrix naturce or healing power of nature, is very great in children; and this power should be carefully fostered and aided by remedial measures, simple in their character. There is no question but many " children die from ofHciousness of the pliysician," (Dunglinson,) whilst " many triumph over both the disease and folly of the doctor." — Mitctidl. No. VII. — Teetlling. — By the Registrar's report, one-eighth of the whole number of deaths in England, occurs during the second year of existence — a mortality very nearly equal to that of all the deaths oc- curring between the ages of ten and 'twenty-nine years. The cause of this great mortality is beUe^^ed to arise from the fact, that during this period children cut the greatest number of teeth, and Advice to Mothers. 435 ai«, in consequence thereof, most susceptible to impressions of an ii-vitating character; and pain and irritation incident to this period, most readily induces functional derangement of every organ of the body. That " teething gives rise to more of the maladies to which in- fants are subject than any other known cause," is a truth, the impor- tance of which, to the mother, cannot be over-estimated. And this cause, most unfortunately for the well-being of the infantile race, is too frequently overlooked by her and physicians generally; for the dis- turbance of the functions of the brain, organs of vespi ration, stomach, and bowels, arising from dentition, is often so great, and the symptoms so prominent, that tlie exciting cause (teething) is entirely overlooked. The forming tooth, pressing upon the dental nerve below and the distended, sensitive gum above, induces pain and nervous irritation, which causes the heart to beat with greater violence and rapidity, and consequently, more blood than is consistent with their healthy func- tions, is propelled into those organs, and mischief results from unequal distribution of blood, more or less local congestion, and imperfect oxy- genation. Less danger results when the irritation of teething affects the bowels, as a moderate purging usually affords some relief, though often of a temporary character, to tlie child's sufferings. If the diarrhtta continues, however, tlie circulation soon becomes languid, from a diminished supply of blood, as tlie unnatural discharge of fluids trom the body lessens tiie amount of the circulating fluid, and the child soon becomes either peevish and fretful, or listless and lan- guid, witli an inclination to sleep, and manifests most clearly an im- poverished condition of the blood, namely, a deficiency of red globules m it. The lively sympathy existing between teething and the brain, is very frequently productive of convulsions; and long continued irrita- tion in the gums should never be allowed to exist. When a child has once had convulsions during teething, it is rendered more prone to ,hem, and hence the mother should be carefully watchful in the future, md liave the swollen gums freely lanced whenever the child manifests my evidence of suffering from the impinging tooth. If this caution s attentively observed, the dreaded attack can nearly always be ward- id off • The sympathy between "teething" and the windpipe is also re- markable, particularly in children whose nervous organizations are delicate; thougli the robust as well as the pale and weakly are not ex- empt from these sudden attacks of spasms indicated by a crowing, croupy respiration. These sudden seizures of interruption to normal breathing are very alarming io the young motlier especially, as the child struggles for breath, its face becomes livid, and when the spasm subsides, it looks mucli paler than usual. In all such cases the mother, instead of resorting to such nauseants as hive sj-rup, tincture of 'obelia, antimonial wine, etc., should carefully examine the condition of the gums, and the cause will there be generally found, and tlie means of cure are lancing the tumid gum. Its Sympathies. — The sympatlietic irritations arising from the growing tooth pressing upon tlie large nerve beneath, and the sensi- tive filaments in the swollen gum, are many and important, and should be well understood by mothers. It was observed in the previous remarks, that teething was a com- mon exciting cause of disturbance in the functions of respiration. This arises from tlie fact, that pain and irritatioUj especially in the 436 Appendix to Medical Department. younof subject, produce a rapidity in the circulation, which causes >» iuirried breathing, ond in time leads to the production of symptoms resembliiij? those of inllatnmation of the bronchi or of the lungs. Ill these cases tlie face becomes hot and flushed; the head suflfers from the impure blood sent by the brain, and convulsions may ensue. Now if tlie physician who is called, misjudges this case from non- f.imiliarity vvitii diseases of children, and supposes it to be a true in- rtaairaatory action going ou within the chest, and gives the child a sharp purge of calomel, and advises antiraonials, he will do the child incalcuable injury, as will be evidenced the next day by its pale and exhausted appearance. And all the above symptoms, in a severe form, will return the following nigiit, when tlie physician will again be called, aud most probably follow up an erroneous treatment by blis- tering the chest, etc. The fate of this child is easily foretold, unless, indeed, it be possessed of a very vigorous constitution. But one ex- perienced in the mi? ladies of children will always examine the mouth of these cases, and find some one or more of the larger teeth pressing strongly against the gums, which he will lance freely, order a warm batli, ptirhaps, and some simple carminative aperient, and find the child quite well tiie following day. A rattling of u"ucus in the throat of a healthy child sometimes needlessly alarms th-3 over-anxious mother, for it is unattended with any disturbance to respiration, it will soon pass away under the use of a half to one grain of ipecacuanha, (or an equivalent dose of its syiiip,) at bed-time, for a few nights. Catching of the breath and great irregularity in breathing, are other symptoms frequently occur' ring during dentition, and are indications that the gums require lanc- ing. Irritation attending teething, in numerous instances, causes the child to become feeble, and its muscles flabby, and sometimes even die suddenly, through spasms of the glottis. In other cases the digestion becomes impaired, the stomach is distended, bowels deranged, the sleep disturbed and unrefreshing, and the child becomes peevish and fretful. A cough is not unfrequently present; the child's lips, and also the nose, are dry, which it inclines' to pick; and the mother is in- duced to believe that worms are the cause of the trouble. Tet such conditions are seldom seen after the period of dentition has i)assed. When the diarrhea, whi-^h occurs during teething in robust chil- dren, is of a mild character, it is more or less beneficial, as nature thus endeavors to remove the irritation existing in the system of the child. But if the child is of a delicate habit, its face grows pale, and its flesh flabby, the diarrhea becomes exhausting and dangerous, and convul- sions, resulting from debility, are liable to ensue. In these and the preceding cases the usual carminatives, spiced rhubarb, chalk mixtures, etc., fail ^0 affbrd relief. But if the gums are scarified, little difficulty will be found in controlling this form of illness by the administration of a few drops of paregoric, half a tea-spoon of syrup of poppies mixed with a tea-spoon of the compound infusion of roses — a similar dose two or three times daily. The child ahould have calves' foot jelly, to which should be ndded a little isinglass and good port wine. When children ai-e cutting teeth they should have the benefit of pure air, and more especially siioiild tins be attended to v^\qvl fever occurs as the result of irritation from this cause. The room should be well ventilated, bed-curtains dispensed with, and the covenug of the child, when confined to its couch, should be as light as is copsisteBt Advice to Mothers. 437 with moderate warmth merely. Children who have passed through the more alarming stages of dentition, or some disease during this period, are frequently met with, who still seem to waste, to lose strength, and manifest great disinclination to take food. In the&e cases it becomes a nice question to determine whether purgative medi- cine should be administered. This point can safely be determined by discending the lips, and, though the tongue may appear clean, if tnr; cavity of the mouth is found lined with adhesive, thick saliva, present ing the appearance of a gummy exudation, laxatives are clearly in- dicated. In such cases rhubarb and magnesia (Husband's) can be advan tageously administered, and tiie child will soon be liiore disposed W partake of nourishment. In the next place, where the tongue is clean, there is no medicine comparable with the aromatic sulphuric acid, in small doses, twice a day, to remove the debility, or restore the strength, and hasten convalescence. Eczema, or clusters of vesicles, with burning heat and porrigo, or scald-head, attended with or without enlargement of the submaxillary glands, (swelling beneath the under jaw), often arise dui-ing dentition, and are obstinate affections. Attention to the gums, an occasional dose of rhubarb and magnesia, elder ointment, or dilute citrine ointment, will soon remove the cutaneous eruption; and an emetic of ipecac, at least twice a week, will generally soon cause an absorption of the glandular difficulty. Sometimes a little of the ointment of iodide of potassium is required to be rubbed around the swelling; and in cases of debility, it is well to administer the elixir of vitriol, or compound syrup of phosphates. Very much more should be said in reference to the sjnnpathies of dentition, to do the subject full justice; but these hints must suffice, with the addition of a few words in reference to a prejudice existing in the minds of some mothers against scarifying the gums. A popular error is, that if the cut gum heals before the tooth advances through It, a hard cicatrix is formed over it, which adds greater difficulty to subsequent protrusion. This is a fallacy, as the anatomy of the parts and daily experience declare ; for the gums are of a spongy nature, Very unlike muscular fibre, being soft and plentifully supplied with blood-vessels; and it matters not how often the lance is used, no in- creased hardness is ever observed. The other popular notion that the gums should never be lanced until the teeth are near the surface, is equally fallacious, since the necessity and urgency of the operation are frequently as imperative when the teeth are deep-seated, because the capsules in which the teeth are inclosed become congested with blood, producing pressure on delicate nerves in contact with the advancing teeth, and thus occasioning the most severe pain. The free flow of dark, grumous blood, with the great relief afforded by it, is sufficient argument in favor of the remedy. I have never known any injurious effects to arise from lancing the gimis, but the cases are numerous, indeed, in which the most fatal con y the physician, or the purport of the patient's wishes. The nurse should not be too tall or too short, and, more than all, paper selected of a pale, unobtrusive color, and with such figures on it as the eye may contemplate without perplexity, fatigue or irritation. The importance of attending to these points is well known to every medical man who lias had any practice in the treatment of fevers. In tlie llrst case, the greens indicated are always giving off fumes of arsenic, which are hurtful, if notdangei'ous; and in the other, the brain, la certain stages of the fever, becomes irritated by the positive charac- ter of the paper, or exhausted by fruitless attempts to count the num- ber of figures or flowers in the several lines. The carpet, bed-curtains, vallance, and all clothes, dresses, or articles of woUen fabric, are to be removed from the apartment, and only as much furniture as is actually required for the use of the patient retained in the room, such as the bed, a few chairs, two tables, a night-lamp, washing stand, and a strip of canvas or sacking in front of the bed, or in the line of the doctor or nurse's tread. The bed— a French bedstead being the best. — should be placed with the head a little way from the wall, accessible on both sides, and in such a situation as to be entirely removed from the current of air betwen the dooi and window, or the window and fire-place. The bed on which the patient lies is also a matter of consequence ; wool mattresses are in many cases too hard, and feather beds produce great iieat, and often become knotty and hard. The spring stuffed mattres? is now frequently ordered by physicians as the best arti«5le, but the Fiench spring bed, composed of spiral wires, by yielding to everj motion of the body, is undoubtedly the best article for the invalid, especially if covered with a thin hair mattress. Air and water bedf are also occasionally employed, but their great expense acts as a barriei to their general adoption; the use of the latter article, unless in the liands of a skillful nurse, is apt to be attended with great risk, as from the greater weiglit of the liipsand trunk, that portion of the body sinks tlirowing the legs and head forward. To obviate this objection to Di Arnott's otherwise admirable water bed, a thin hair mattress anq bolster should be laid over the top and head, when every motion o( the patient will be met by a corresponding motion of the fluctuating medium beneath him. The amount of bedclothes employed must b'i left to the judgment of the nurse, to the season of the year, the nature oi the disease, and the feelings of the patient. Air pillows and cushion) should always form a portion of the bed-furniture, the first for ordi dary purposes of rest, and the latter to relieve particular parts of thv body from undue pressure, and in cases of bed-sores. A pole, or piec*- of lancewood, should be placed across the framework of the top of tht bed, to which a short sling, containing a round piece of wood for the hands, should be attached, so that the |)atient may be able to raise himself in the bed without always being dependent on the assistance of the nurse. The next item of consequence is an easy chair with a movable back, in which the patient can recline or sit eiect, according to the elevation or depression of the back and foot-board. There should also be a sofa or couch in the room, on vvhich he can be placed Avhile the bed is being made, or at any time for change. Two tables are also necessary — a small one, to stand near the bed, to contain the drink, medicine, or fruit in common use, with the glasses and vessels out of which each article is to be taken; and a large table, with an easily opening drawer, at the end of the room. On this table should be arranged all the medicines not in constant use,— the lotions, colly- riums, and external applications by themselves at one side, and the internal remedies at the other. A 2-ounce graduated glass measure, Advice to Mothers. 445 and a drop or minim measure ; a china or white delf cup, with a spout, and covered half over the top, for giving medicine or drink to the patient when lying down, with clean glasses, and a spoon of each of the three sizes, should be arranged as a barrier between the external and internal medicines, while in the drawer should be placed lint bandages, adhesive plaster, thread, pins, and scissors, aiij^ ointment or cerate in use, and a spatula; and by themselves, in one compartment, the prescriptions as they are returned from the chemist. A green or slate-colored calico blind should be attached to the window, to darken the room when required. The night-lamp, to afford light, and heat food or water, should always be in readiness, which, with a couple of small white vessels, made for the purpose, to hold the expectoi-ation in cases of consumption, can be arranged on the washing stand. These, with a sponge, towels, soap, and water, are almost everything which a sick-room can require, except on special occasions. Cleanliness is one of the most imperative requisites of a sick-room and, to be effective for good, must be carried out in every particular. The tloor should be carefully swept every morning, the strip of canvas, used to deaden the tread, well shaken in the air before being relaid; the glasses, cups, and spoons washed and and dried after every time of use; every discharge from the body, plasters, dressings, or dirtj'^ bandages, are to be instantly taken from the room, and no utensil brought back luitil well cleaned and dried. The temperature of the sick-room is always a matter of considerable importance, and that the degree of proper warmth may always be understood and maintained, a thermometer should Invariably form a part of the appurtenances of the sick-room, the instrument being placed against the wall in such a position that the nurse's eye may frequently notice its silent admoni- tions. Though 60° Fahrenheit is regarded as the standard degree of temperature, it is often desirable to reduce that amount to 69° or 58°, or indeed even lower in some cases of hemorrhage. To effect this, a -strong current must be established, either by partially opening the door or window, or by lighting a small fire for few minutes in the grate, and, lastly, by means of evaporation to be presently described. When it is necessary to raise the temperature above 60°, the strong currents are to be suspended for a time, the door and window securely closed, and a fire lighted in the grate, and the reading of the ther- uiomeler carefully attended to till the desired temperature has been reached, care being then taken to prevent the heat increasing or fluctu- iiting. Ventilation. — A free and perfect ventilation is one of the most necessary properties of the sick-room, as on it depends so much of the comfort of the patient, as well as much of his hopes of a final recovery. To convey a clearer idea of the importance of good ventilation to the welfare of the invalid, it will be suflacient if in this place we mention that a healthy man enclosed in a room, requires four cubic feet of fresh air each minute for the due performance of all his functions, and that he vitiates, or renders poisonous, about a hundred and THIRTY CUBIC INCHES every minute, by expiration from the lungs and skin. If this fact is borne in mind, the absolute importance of an abundance of pHre air to the patient will become still more evident, especially as, in some diseases, an increased amount of oxygen becomes a vital necessity. Independent of supplying an abundance of pure air to the patient, ventilation is of the utmost consequence, not only in purifying the room, but in carrying from the atmosphere that sur- rounds tbe sick person those minute particles of morbific matter wbich 446 Appendix to Medical Department. are always given off from an unliealthy body, and, especially in certain contagious diseases, load the air with their poisonous particles, and which, if imbibed into the lungs of a healthy person, may there ger- minate into another poisonous disease, besides being re-absorbed by the invalid himself, thus keeping alive a malady which, by exhalation and free ventilation, might have been weakened :.nd greatly benefited. The two great sources of ventilation are the window and the chimney; the one carrying off the upper stratum of impure air, and the other those heavier gases and impure atmosphere which specific gravity keeps floating over the surface of the floor. As the door in both in- stances is the direction from whieh the current of fresh air comes, care should be taken that no mat inside or outside impedes the free access of air, and should the door fit tightly above to the lintel, a plane should be passed along the top, to allow of the entrance of a stream of air from the passages beyond. The to'p sash of the window is only pait that should be opened, and that but for the space of a fevv inches, merely sufficient to cause a strong draught, and this only from time to time, as occasion may require. Should the window not open from above, a piece of the top of each corner pane should be broken out, and a slip of paste-board nailed to the frame above, to hang down like a valve over the broken glass, and which can be pushed up or let down, according as ventilation is required. The effluvium which sometimes pervades a sick chiiinl>er, and which is quite as hurtful to the patient as it is ofl'ensive to the healthy person who imbibes it, cannot be overcome by mere ventilation, as the draught necessary to do so in a reasonable time might be of serious consequences to the patient; nor must any attempt be made to over- power one smell by the establishment of another, such as by the burn- ing of brown paper, feathers, sprigs of lavender, pastiles, or aromatic vinegar, — articles which are all, except pastiles, excellent in their place to refresh the atmosphere of a sick chamber at proper times, but be- come most objectionable when offensive odors are present. In ;ili such cases, disinfectants alone should be used, and as chloride of lime is so extremely cheap, there can be no excuse for not employing it on all occasions. A teaspoon of the chloride, dissolved in half a p>nt of water, and in the following manner, will soon correct all unplensant smells. Having dissolved the chloride of lime in a basin, a napkin is to be dipped in the solution, roughly squeezed out and then susjjended on a line between the door and window, and the rest oftiic solution poured into a couple of saucers, and placed on tlie floor for about a quartei- of an hour, when the ventilator being opened for a few minutes will leave the air of the chamber perfectly pure. Linen rags, or a towel wetted in chloride of zinc or tin, or tlie nitrate of lead, and waved about the room for some time, will answer the same puipose, aiid equally as well. Attendance on the Patient.— It cannot be too .strongly impressed on the mind of all who mav be called on to minister to the wants of the sick, that every attention given, every service rendered, .should be performed with the least possible noise and demonstration,— the step should be light and noiseless, the voice low and kind, and the service, whatever it maybe, rendered with gentleness, care, and dispatch, but in no hurry or officious haste. Eattlino; ot windows, .^lamming of doors, creaking shoes, sudden noises, exclamations or fidgeting, monotonous sounds — as the ticKingof a watch or clock, the rustling of dresses, or the leaves of a book— are all to be guarded ai.'ainst as iliiugs of serious import in certain conditions of the nervous system; on the aan«e Advice to Mothers. 447 •..^oant> a restless or over-oflBcious nurse — one who moves much or uv.neces»sarily about the room — is likely to be more injurious than use- fiii. Gate must be also taken not to admit more than two visitors at one timb to tlie bedside, and any loud-speaking or boisterous-manner- ed friend must be strictly prohibited. In visiting a sick friend, the person admitted should ask as few questions as possible, avoid the nxentlon of any distressing intelligence, eschew all medical themes, and conline his conversation to any light and agreeable intelligence ; being always c:-,reful not to weary the patient bv more than a few minutes at a time of his company. In all cases of a heaklij^ person visiting a sick one, it is of the utmost consequence that lie should place himself, whether standing or sitting, in such a position that the air from the door or v^^indow may come from behind the visitor to the patient, and not from the patient to the friend; he should also avoid leaning over tlie bed, or inhaling the breath of the invalid, or indeed of coming in too close contact with the clothes or person of the patient The i)er- sonal cleanliness of the patient, is a matter of very great importance; ihe face, neck, and arms should be well washed, and the skin after- vards rubbed thoroughly dr)-^ with a fresh towel every morning; and ts great I'elreshment is experienced by washing the face and "hands jccasioiially during the day, such means of attbrding relief and comfort ihould never be forgotten; the clothes worn during the night sliould never be allowed to remain on the body in the day, but as soon as the morning washing Is over, clean clothes should be put on, care having first been taken to air thoroughlj^ all linen before it is used, that which Is taken ott" being well aired before being put away for the use of the night. The importance of attending to the thorough airing of every article before being put on the patient's body will be understood when we state, that so great and continuous is the ev ,)oration always taking place from water, the surface of the walls, and the bodies of ihe patient and nurse, that a night-shirt kept in the sick chamber for twenty-four hours, and weighed befere and after drying, was found to have lost four ounces, or a quarter of a pound in vteight, by the driving i)ff of that amount of water, absorbed by the night-shirt in one day and night. From this it will be seen what a large proportion of watery vapor is taken up in a few hours by the different items of our daily wear, the amount retained bj' linen and cotton being, of course, very much less than that taken up by woolen and more porous gar- ments. Where the whole of the patient's body cannot be washed every day, the lower extremities, and as much as possible of the rest of the trunk, should be freely rubbed with dry towels. Duties of the Nurse. — Of the moral and physical qualities of the nurse we have already spoken, under the head of "Nurse," which see; it only now remains for us to point out the duties which devolve upon that individual when in charge of the sick-room, and entrusted with the responsibility of the patient during the absence of the medical, man. In the lirst place, the nurse should regard herself, and be so' considered by the relatives and friends, as the doctor's loaim tene'is, .nnl invested with absolute control over the patient and sick-ro( m during his absence. It is to the nurse, or that member of the famJy who officiates as such, that the physician conveys liis instructions; lo him she makes all reports, and to her general disrection he commits the well-being of his patient during that long portion of every day in which he is necessitated to absent himself from the bedside of the invalid. To the nurse's judgement is left tlie duty of preventing too many visitors from seeing the patient at one time, or in one day, and 4^8 Appendix to Medical Department. of taking care that he is in no way tampered with, and nothing in tb« way of food, fruit, or drink given to him, on anj'^ pretence whatever, ir opposed to the regulations laid down by the doctor. A few spoonfuls of what may be deemed a grateful and harmless substance, to those who plead for its being given, may, if it should not prove actually hurt- ful, counteract the effective operation of some medicine on which the physician has relied for beneficial results. These, then, are two impor- tant duties devolving on the nurse, and which she should never allow herself to be overruled in executing. The dress of the nurse, besides being, like lier person, always scrupulously clean, should be of some unobtrusive color, and of a material that will make no rustling noise when she goes about her duties. The cleanliness of the room, with that of the glasses, cups, and every utensil or article used, cannot be insisted on too forcibly; she should range all the bottles on the reserve table, as we have directed, with the label of each turned outwards, and make a practice of never giving any medicine without first looking at tlie, direction. She should have a small slate always at hand, on which to make notes of any special instruction given by the doctor, or of faci^- that may have occurred in his absence. She must remove to anotliei room all that passes from the patient, which, unless kept for after ii. spection, should be directly emptied; have the vessel washed out rinsed with chloride of lime, and dried before returning them to Wx* room. If the secretions are to be kept, she must be careful that noth ing is thrown in, or mixed with them, as their entire character may hr altered by emptying medicines, tea, or other articles on either. The personal cleanliness of the patient is one of the nurse's firs- duties, for, besides the daily washing of the face, neck, and arms, ii sometimes affords him great comfort to have the same operation repeated in the evening, and if the skin is washed with warm watei and soap, and then properly dried, there is no fear of his taking cold If the patient can bear the fatigue, clean linen night and morning slioulo be put on, each change being properly aired. When he is able to lit on the sofa for a few hours, or sit up in the easy chair, the nurse shoul(^ carry awav all the bedclothes, and expose tliem in another apartmeu' to a freer ventilation. When the patient — unable to bear the farigm of removal to the sofa — lias to sit up in bed, the nurse must contrivi some support for his back; and ""r this purpose a child's chair placet at the head of the bed, and protected oy one or two pillows, will afford a comfortable rest for the back, when, if the lately invented bed-table which, attached to the side of the bed, and extending its leaf over th»- clothes, can be procured, he may sit for hours, and take his meals witl- tolerable comfort. When the patient has to be moved, and the nurse is unable to carry him bodily from the bed to the sofa, she and another should make a chair of their arms, and, lifting him at the same time, remove their burden with as little jar or fatigue as possible. When, from exhaustion, this method is impossible, the patient mustbt- taken up bodily by four persons in the sheet on which he lies, and in that manner transported from one bed to another. There is one most imperative duty of the nurse in cases of long sickness, where the in- valid is compelled to remain long in one position, and that is a daily and accurate inspection of the skin of the back, so as to be able to detect the first aiiproach of injury from pressure, and so guard against the serious consequences of bed-sores; this she must effect by dusting the part that looks angry with violet powder, and, by placing air cushions under the body, relieve the place affected from furtlier i)re«<- sure. The nurse should also know, that in inflammatory diseases, if Advice to Mothers. 44^ the first dose of medicine produces sickness, she mitst not therefore withhold the second ; that if a sudden emetic is wanted, a teaspoon of salt or a tablespoon of mustard, in half a pint of warm water, will produce vomiting; that to increase tlie action of the saline aperients, draughts of water are necessary; while to promote perspiration, warm drinks, extra hedclothcs, and hot water to the feet are required. Of all the qualities of a good nurse, however, that of being willing to follow implicitly the directions of the medical man is unqnestionablyk the best, and she who will conscientiously do this, may be safely trust<^ ed in all else. WEANING. — The proper time when the infant should be taken from the breast, and subjected to artificial dietary, is generally a sub- ject of some anxiety to mothers. The exact time when this change should take place must, however, always be an open question, depend- ing on the strengtli or weakness of the child, and the health and capa/- bility of the mother for the duty of a wet nurse. When mother and child are both in a fair condition of health, the general time of wean- ui^ the infant is between the ninth and twelfth month; should the «hild, however, be very backward with its teeth, and have only cut one or two by the latter period, the time of weaning should be post- poned for a few weeks or months. As a general rule, when nature has placed a sufficient number of teeth in the infant's mouth to enable »t to mumble the soft aliment on which it is fed, the time has arrived to make it independent of its nurse. All prudent mothers, however, will gradually anneal their infants to the change by beginning to feed chem once, twice, and finally three times a day for some few weeks be- fore absolute weaning, at the same time reducing the number of times of daily suckling ; by this means the process is made easy and gradual, i»nd the children are in a great measure spared the distress consequent v*n a-i abrupt change. Some mothers, in the hope of preventing another pregnancy, are m tlie habit of keeping their infants at the breast till they are old (•nough to ask for it; this is a great mistake, and is certain to act in- ;uriously on the health of the parent. See "Advice to mothers, and Infants." WETTING THE BED.— This accident, so frequently occurring to children, and so well known to mothers, demands careful and vigilant tttention. Parents and nurses have hitherto regarded this as a bad •ind careless habit of the child's and one rather demanding reprehen- don and correction than inquiry or medical investigation ; this, how- ever, is often a grave mistake, as the child in its sleep can no more avoid the involuntary discharge than it can resist the lethargy of sleep. The CAUSE of this incontinence of ui-ine in chililren arises from two sources in particular — the first is the peculiar alkaline condition of the water, which, acting like a corrosive lye on the coats of the bladder, excites that organ to the involuntary action which results in the passage of the urine; the second is the presence in the bowels, particu- larly in the rectum, of a number of worms, which, irritating the nerves of the part, sympathetically alTect the bladder directly above, wliich receives some of its nerves from the aame plexus. Crude fruit, or other causes of irritation in the bowels, may produce the same result, thougli the above two are the most frequent. Instead, therefore, of alarming the child by the fear of punishment, the mother will do well to discover as far as possible which of these causes induces a child formerly cleanly in his habits to commit this nocturnal fi:ux pas. If it should proceed from an alkaline state of the 45© Appendix to Me dual Department. urine, the treatment will consist in giving vinegar and pickles with the meals, tamarinds and water, and acidulated drinks, with oranges and fresh acid fruits; and if the patient is at all weakly, the subjoined tonic mixture. Take of infusion of quassa, 6 ozs.; quinine. 6 grs. diluted sui phuric acid, 30 drops. Mix; a dessert or tablespoon to be given three times a day, in water, to children from live to ten years of age. When the accident proceeds from worms, the cause must '^^ "'^moTred by *.lif means recommended under '* Worms," which see TANNER'S. SHOE. AND HARNESS MAKER'S DEPART- MENT. COLORS.— Best Color for Boot, Shoe, and Harness Edge, and Ink which Cannot Freeze. — Alcohol, 1 pt. ; tincture of iron, 1% ozs. ; extract of logwood, 1 oz. ; nutgalls, pulverized, 1 oz. ; soft water, J^ ^t. ; mi3». Or: 2. Take alcohol, 1 pt. ; extract of logwood and tincture of iron, -f each, 1 oz.; nutgalls, pulverized, 1 oz. ; and sweet oil, 3^ oz. ; mix. I have found shoemakers using these colors, each thinking he had •iie best color in the world. The sweet oil is believed to prevent the V)t iron from sticking, and to make a better polish. The tirst one makes a very passable ink for winter use, by carrying ■». quick hand to prevent it from spreading in the paper, from the pres- ence of the alcohol, which, of course, is what prevents it from freez- ing, and that is the only argument in favor of it as an ink for writing ourposes. 3. Cheap Color for the Edge.— Soft water, l gal. ; extract of logwood, 1 oz. ; and boil them until the extract is dissolved, then re- move from the tire and add copperas, 2 ozs. ; bi-chromate of potash Mid gum arable, of each, % oz. ; all to be pulverized. This makes a cheap and good color for shoe or harness edge, but for cobbling or for new work, upon which you do not wish to use the 'hot kit," but finish with heel-ball, you will find that if, as you pour chis out into the bottle to use, you put a table-spoon of lamp-black to each pint of it, it will make a blacker and nicer finish. It makes a good color for cheap work, but for fine work, nothing will supercede the first colors given. This also makes a very good ink for writing purposes, if kept corked to avoid evaporation, which makes it gummy or sticky. See also "Grain Side Blacking." 4. Sizing for Boots and Shoes, in Treeing-ont.— Take water, 1 qt., and dissolve in it, by heat, isinglass, 1 oz., adding more water to make up for evapoiation ; when dissolved, add starch, 6 ozs. ; extract of logwood, bees-wax, and tallow, of each, 2 ozs.; and continue the heat until all is melted and well mixed. Rub the starch up first, by pouring on sufficient boiling water for that purpose. It makes boots and shoes soft and pliable, applying it when treeing out, and is especially nice to clean up work which has stood long on the shelves. 5. Water-Proof Oil-Paste Blacking.— Take camphene, 1 pt., and put into it all the India-rubber it will dissolve; when dissolved, add currier's oil, 1 pt.; tallow, 6 lbs.; lamp-black, 2 ozs.; mix thor- oughly by heat. This is a nice thing for old harness or carriage tops, as well as for Doots and shoes. Or you can dissolve the rubber in the oil by setting Cliem in rather a hot place for a day or two ; and save the expense of 45^ t)r. Chase' s Recipes. caiuphene, as that is of no use only as a solvent to the rubber. There are those, however, who do not like to use the rubber., thinkm;^ it rot.'- the leather; then use the followinoj: 6. Water-Proof Paste, without Rubber.— Takt tallcw, 1 11).: bees-wax, ji^ lb.; castor or ueat's-foot oil, ^ pt.; and lamp-bhuk, .^^ oz.; mix by heat. Or: 7. Neat's-foot oil, brouofht to a proper consistence .. ith a Lti e bees-wax and tallow; colored with lamp-black, will be found prooi against snow or water. §. Some, however, may prefer the following manner of pretsurv- ing their boots and shoes, from a correspondent of the Mechanics' Oa- zette; but if they do, the boots must be made large, from the fact th.it the preparation lias a tendency to shrink the leather. He says : " 1 have had only three pairs of boots for the last six years, (no shoes,) and I think I shall not require any more the next six years to come. The reason is, that I treat them in the following manner : " I put 1 lb. of tallow and % lb. of resin in a pot on the fire; when melted and mixed, I warm the boots and apply the hot stuff with a painter's brush until neither the sole nor the upper will soak in any more. If it is desired that the boots should immediately take a polish dissolve 1 oz. of wax in spirits of turpentine, to which add a tes. spoon of lamp-black. A day after the boots have been treated witj> the tallow and resin, rub over tiiem this wax in turpentine, but nc> before the fire. " Thus the exterior will have a coat of wax alone, and will shin, like a mirror. Tallow or any other grease becomes rancid, and rot* the stitcliing as well as the leather, but the resin gives it that antisep tic quality which preserves the whole. Boots and shoes should b^ made so large as to admit of wearing cork soles. Cork is so bad .•• conductor of heat, that with it in the boots, the feet are always warpu on the coldest stone floor." 9. Black Varnish for Edge.— Take 98 per cent, alcohol, 1 pt. shellac, 3 ozs. ; resin, 2 ozs.; pine turpentine, 1 oz.; lamp-black, 3^ os.. mix, and when the gums are all cut, it is ready to use; but bear ir mind that low proof alcohol will not cut gums properly, for any var nish. Tliis, applied to a boot or slioe edge, with a brush, gives it tU shining glos.s, resembling much of the eastern work. It is also appU cable to wood or cloth requiring a gloss, after having been painted. 10. Varuish for Harness, the Best in Use.— TaUe 98 per can- alcohol, 1 gal. ; white pine turpentine, \% 1'^^.; gum shellac, 1^^ lbs. ^ Venice turpentine, 1 gill Let these stand in a jug in the sun or by a stove until the gums are dissolved, then add sweet oil, 1 gill, and lamp- black, 2 ozs ; rub the lamp-black first with a little of the varnish. This varnish is better than the old style, from the fact that its polish is as good, and it does not crack when the harness is twisted or knocked about. If you wish a varnish for fair leather, make it as the above, in a clean jug, but use no lamp-black. The pine turpentine and swtjet oil make it pliable, yet not sticky. TANNING, BLACKING, AND FINISHING.— Pr.cess for Calf, KLp, and Harness, in from Six to Thirty. Days.— For :■ 12 lb. calf- skin, take terra-japonica, 3 Ihs.; common salt, 2 lbs. ; ahnu, 1 lb.; put these into a copper kettle witli sufficient water to dissolve l!ic whole bj' boiling. The skin, or skins, will first be limed, haired, and t.eateU mi eve/y Leather- Working Department. 453 vtv as for the old process; thea it will be put into a vessel 'vith suffi- cient water to cover it, at which time you will put in one pint of the composition, atirrino^ it well; adding the same amount each night and morning for three days, when you will add the whole; handling two or three times daily, all tlie time tanning; you can continue to use the tanning liquid by adding half the quantity each time, of new liquor, and by keeping these proportions for any amount, and if you desire to give tlie leatlier the appearance of bark color, you will put in oiiei pound of Sicily sumac. Kip skins will require about twenty days, light horse hides for harness, thirty days, to make good leather; while calf skins will only require from six to ten days at most. The japonica is put up in large cakes of about one hundred and tifty pounds, and sells, in common ftimes, at about four cents per pound, in New York. Byron Rose, a tanner, of Madison, Ohio, says that one quart of oil of vitriol to fifty sides of leather, \»itli the japonica and aluni, as above, leaving out the .salt, will very much improve it; the acid opens he pores, quickening the process without injury to the leather. 2. Canadian Process. — The Canadians make four liquors in tsing the japonica : The FIRST liquor is made by dissolving, for. 20 sides of upper, 15 \t)S of terra-japonica in sufficient water to cover the upper being Mnned. The SECOND liquor contains the same amount of japonica, \\\<\ 8 lbs. of saltpetre also. The third contains 20 lbs. of japonica, and 43^ lbs. of ahtm. The FOURTH liquor contains only 15 lbs. of j.iponica, and 13^ lbs. of sulphuric acid; and the leather remains 4 days in each liquor for upper; and for sole, the quantities and time are both doubled.. They coui>t 50 calf skins in place of 20 sides of upper, ^ut let them lie in each liquor only 3 days. 3. Deer Skins — Tanning and Buffing for Gloves. — For each skin «!ike a bucket of water and put into it 1 qt. of lime; let the skin or skins lie in from 3 to 4 days; then rinse in clean water hair, and ^rain; then soak them in cold water to get out the glue; now scour or (lound in good soap suda, for half an hour; after which take white ritriol, alum, and salt, 1 table-spoon of each to a skin; these will be dissolved in suflicient water to cover the skin, and remain in it for 24 tiours; wring out as dry acS convenient; and spread on with a brush ^ pt. of currier's oil, and hang in the sun about 2 days; after which you will scour out the oil with soap suds, and hang out again until [lerfectl}'^ dry; then pull and work them until they are soft; and if a reasonable time does not make them soft, scour out in suds again as before, until complete. The oil may be saved by pouring or taking it from the top of the suds, if left standing a short time. The buff color is given by spreading yellow ochre evenly over the surface of the skin, when finished, rubbing it in well with a brush. The foregoing plan was pursued for a number of years by a brother of mine, and I have worn the gloves and know the value of the recipe; but there are plans of using acid, and if the quantity i^ not too great, there is no reason in the world why it may not be used; the only caution necessary is to see that the strength of acid does not kill the nature of the leather; in proper quantities it tons only, instead of destrojing the fibre. I will give a couple of the most valuable methods : 4. Tanning with Acid. — After having removed the hair, scour- ing, soaking, and pounding in the suds, etc., as in the last recipe, iri place of the white vitriol, alum, and salt, as there mentioned, take oil 4S4 ^^' Chase's Reeves. of vitriol (sulphuric acid) and water, equal parts of each, and thor- oughly wet the flesh side of the skin with it, by means of a sponge or cloth upon a stick; then folding up the skin, letting it lie for 20 min- utes only, having ready a solution of sal-soda and water, say 1 lb. to a bucket of water, and soak the skin or skins in that for 2 hours, when you will wash in clean water and apply a little dry sftlt, letting lie in the salt over night, or that length of time ; then remove the flesh with a blunt knife, or, if doing business on a large scale, by means of the regular beam and flesh-knife; when dry, or nearly so, soften by pull- ing and rubbing with the hands, and also with a piece of pumice- stone. This, of course, is the quickest way of tanning, and by only wetting the skins with the acid and soaking out in twenty minutes, they are not rotted. 5. Another Method.— Oil of vitriol, % oz. ; salt, 1 teacup ; milk sufficient to handsomely cover the skin, not exceeding 3 qts. ; warm the milk, then add the salt and vitriol ; stir the skin in the liquid 40 minutes, keeping it warm; then dry and work it as directed in No. 4. 6. Tanning Sheep-Skins, applicable for Mittens, Door-Mats. Robes, etc. — For mats, take two long-wooled skins, make a strong suds, using hot water; when it is cold wash the skins in it, carefully squeezing them between the hands to get the dirt out of the wool, then wash the soap out with clean cold water. Now dissolve alum au(? salt, of each half a pound, with a little hot water, which put into » tub of cold water sufficient to cover the skins, and let them soak in it over night, or twelve hours, then hang over a pole to drain. Whep they are well drained, spi-ead or stretch carefully on a board to dry They need not be tacked if you will draw them out several times with th- hand, while drying. When yet a little damp, have one ounce, each of saltpetre and alum, pulverized, and sprinkle on the flesh-side o\ each skin, rubbing in well; then lay the flesh-sides together and hang in the sliade for two or three days, turning the under skin uppermosl every day, until pei'fectly dry. Then scrape the flesh-side witli a blunt knife, to remove any remaining scraps of flesh, trim off" projecting points, and rub the flesh-side with pumice or rotten stone, and with the hands ; they will be very white and beautiful, suitable for a foot mat, also nice in a sleigh or wagon of a cold day. They also mak«- good robes, in place of the buftalo, if colored, and sewed together And lamb-skins, (or sheep-skins, if the wool is trimmed oft' evenly to about one-half or three-fourths of an incii in length,) make mosi beautiful and warm mittens for ladies or gentlemen. 7. Tanning Far and other Skins— Fifty Dollar Eecipe.— First, — Remove the legs and other useless parts, and soak the skin soft; tlien remove the flesh substances and soak in warm water for an hour; now : Take for each skin, borax, saltpetre, and glauber-salt, of each, 3^ oz., and dissolve or wet with soft water sufficiently to allow it to be spread on the flesh-side of the skin. Put it on with a brush, thickest in the centre or thickest part of the skin, and double the skin together, flesh-side in, keeping it in a cool place for twenty-four liours, not allowing it to freeze, however. Second, — Wash the skin clean, and then : TaKe sal-soda, 1 oz. ; borax, ^ oz. ; refined soap, 2 ozs. ; (Colgate's, white soap is recommended as the best, but our " White Hard Soap " is the same quality); melt tlioni slowly together, being careful not to allow them to boil, and apply the mixture to the flesh-aide as at first — roll up again and keep in a warm plaee for 34 hours. LMither- IVorkm^ Departmmi. 455 Third, — Wash the skin clean, as above, and have saleratus, two ounres, dissolved in hot rain water sufficient to well saturate the skin; thwti : Take alum, 4 ozs. ; salt, 8 ozs. ; and dissolve also in hot rain water; when sufficiently cool to allow the handling of it without scalding, put in the skin for 12 hours; then wring out the water and hang up, for 13 hours more, to dry. Repeat this last soaking and drying from 2 to 1 times, according to the desired softness of the skin when finished. Lastly,— Finish by pulling, working, etc., and finally by rubbing with a piece of pumice-stone and fine sand-paper. This works admirably on sheep-skins as well as on fur-skins, dog, cat, or wolf-skins, also, making a durable leather, well adapted to washing. A man in our county paid fifty dollars for this recii^e, and has made his money out of it many times. It is very valuable. §. Tanuing Deer and Wootfchuck Skins for Whips, Strings, etc. — Prepare the skin according to the last recipe ; then : Take oil of vitriol, 1 oz.; salt, 1 pt. ; milk, 3 qts.; mix. Now dip the skin in warm rain water, having sufficient saleratus in it to make it rather strong, or as in the third head of last recipe, and work and squeeze it well for a few minutes, then wring dry as convenient and put it into the vitriol mixtare for fifty minutes, stirring all the time; now wring out and soak a while; and finally dry and work until soft. 9. Grrain-Side Blacking, for Ten Cents a Barrel.— Take a bar- rel and put into it quite a quantity of old iron, cast or wrought, then fill nearly full of soft water, and add 1 pt. of oil of vitriol; stir it up well, and in a month or two you have just as good blacking for the grain-side as could be made by using vinegar in place of water. This makes good blacking for boot, snoe, or harness edge, also. The acid used is so trifling tliat no injury will arise to the leather. Tanners will, of course, first apply the urine before applying the blacking, saving from tea to twenty dollars yearly, in this way, instead of the old plan of u.sing vinegar. 10. French Finish, for Leather.— Take a common wooden pail of scraps, (the legs and pates of calf-skins are the best,) and put a handful, each, of salt and pulverized alum amongst them, and let them stand three days; then boil them until you get a thick paste. In using you will warm' it. In the first application, put a little tallow with it, and for the second, a little soft soap, and use it in. the regular way of finisliing, and your leather will be soft and pliable, like the French calf-skin. I have no doubt that this would make a good preparation for shoemakers to use in treeing-out, leaving a soft pliableness, not other- wise obtained. 11. French Patent Leather. — The process which has been so successfully adopted by tiie French artizans in glazing leather, so as to give it'the repute for superior quality and beauty which it now uni- versally sustains, is as follows : Work into the skin with appropriate tools three or four successive coatings of drying varnish, made by boiling linseed oil with white lead and litharge, in the proportion of one pouad of each of the latter to a gallon of the former, and adding a portion of chalk or ochre- each coating being thoroughly dried before the application of the next. Ivorv black is then substituted for the chalk or ochre, the var- nish shinned with spirits of turpentine, and five additional applications 456 D*"' Chase' s Recipes. made in the same manner as before, except that it is put on thin and not worked in. The leather is rubbed down with pumice-stone, in powder, and then placed in a room at 90 degrees, out of the way of dust. The last varnish is prepared by boiling % lb. of asphaltum with 10 lbs. of the drying oil used in the first step of the process, and then stirring in 5 lbs. of copal varnish and 10 lbs. of turpentine. It must have a month's age before it is fit fo«- use, in order to «x- hibit ite tru* characteristic*— f^- 8, Oazrite. PAINTER'S DEPARTMENT. DBTDrG tllliS— To Prepare for Carriage, Wagon, and Floor l-aintlngs.— Take linseed oil, 1 gal., and add gum shellac, 2 lbs.; lith- e.rge, % lb.; red-IeU, J^ lb.; umber, 1 oz. Boil slowly, 3 or 3 hou urs, until the gums are dissolved. Grind your paints in this (any color) and reduce with turpentine, fellow ochre is used lor floor painting. This dries quick and wears 'xceedingly well. 2. Drying Oil, Ei^ual to the Patent Dryers.— Linseed oil, 2 f lead and sulphate of zinc, of each, 2 ozs. Boil until it will scorch a feather. Use this, or either of the others, n quantity to suit the olyect of the work being done. 3. Japan Dryer of the Best Quality.— Take linseed oil, 1 gal., and put into it gum shellac, % lo. ; litharge and burned Turkey um- oer, of each, % lb.; red-lead, % lb., and sugar of lead, 6 ozs. Boil in whe oil until all are dissolved, whica will require about 4 hours; re- vJiove from the fire, and add spirits of turpentine, 1 gal., and it is done. While in Princeton, Indiana, after selling one of my books to T. 3b J. T. Ewing, extensive carriage miinuficturers of that place, I ob- tained the foregoing recipe. It was p.iDlished in a work printed in Columbus, Ohio, devoted to the art of painting. From this fact, and also that the gentlemen from whom I ur)tained it, had tested it and *vere using it, I have not myself tried it, b.it know, from the nature of the articles iised, that nothing better will be required. 4. Another. — Another dryer is made by takinglineeed oil, 5 gals., *nd adding red-led and litharge, of each, ^% lbs.; raw umber, Ij^ lbs. ; sugar of lead and sulphate of zinc, of e.ith, ,^-^ lb.; pulverize all the articles together, and boil in the oil until disso,\ed; when a little cool, add turpentine, 5 gals, or to make it of a propei consistence. The gentleman of whom I obtained this recipe paid ten dollars for it. He was using it successfully, and said he ustd two or three drops of it to a quart of varnish also, and especially wnen the varnish did not dry readily. OIL— PAINT— To Reduce with Water.— Take gum shellac, 1 lb., sal-soda, 3^ lb. I water, 3pts.; put all into a s-uitable kettle and boil, stirring till all is dissolved. If it does not all dissolve, add a little more sal-soda; this, when cool, can be bottled for use. If itsmells bad when opened, it does not hurt it. Directions for Using. — Mix up two quarts of oil paint as usual, except no turpentine is to be used — any color desired. Now put one pint of the gum shellac mixture with the oi^ paint when it becomes thick, and may be reduced with water to a p-oper consistence to lay on with the brush. Two coats will be required, and with the second coat Band may be applied if desired. I used this upon a picket-fence with White- lead and yellow ochre for the body, and a little lamp-black to 458 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. give it a dark shade, putting on sand with the second coat. It is still firm and good, the wOrk being done nearly four years ago. The sand was applied with a tub-like box, with many email holes to allow the even spreading of the sand, as with a pepper-box. I do not regret using this kind of paint, nor the sanding, as it adds much to the durability of any out-door painting. But a better plan of sanding is represented in the " Painter's Sanding Apparatus," on next page. 2. Another Method. — Take soft water, 1 gal., and dissolve in it, pearlash, 3 ozs. ; bring to a boil, and slowly add shellac, 1 lb. •, when cold it is ready to be added to oil-paint, in equal proportions. The expense of these is only oue-third of oil-paint. Some persons may think it bad policy to learn painters to reduce oil-paint with water, but I think every man should be told of the plan, who is going to have a job of work done, and if he makes up his mind to try anything of the kind, it is then his own business; and I am per- fectly sincere in recommending it, for if there was any great fault in it four years would show it. 3* It is made of tin ; the tube C, center upon th« nozzle of a small bellows ; the sand is put into the funnel B, which stands perpendicular upon the apparatus when the broad mouth-piece A, is held leveH in using. The funnel dis- charges the sand, just belOM the nozzle of the bellows; anc by working the bellows thf sand is blown evenly upon tht freshly put on paint, through Painters' Sanding Apparatus. the mouth-piece A, the eecaptr oritiee not being over the sixteenth part of an inch in depth, and may be made two and a half or three inches wide. Many persons like the plan of sanding generally, after painting, but from the fact that when it is desired to renew the paint, brushes cannot last long upon the sand, I think it only proper to sand fencef' or fronts, where bovs' knives would be too freely used. PAINT SKINS— To Save and Reduce to Oil.— Dissolve sal-soda. % lb. ; in rain-water, 1 gal. The skins that dry upon the top of paint, which has been left standing for any length of time, may be made fit for use again by cov- ernig them with the sal-soda water and soaking them therein for a couple of days; then heat them, adding oil to reduce the mixture to a proper consistence for painting, and straining. Painters who are do- ing extensive business will save many dollars yearly by this simple process. NEW TIN ROOFS— Valuable Process for Painting.— Scrape oflf the resin as clean as possible, and sweep the roof, now: Dissolve sufficient sal-soda in a bucket of water to make it quite strong; wash the roof thoroughly with the soda water, and let it re- main until it is washed off by the rains, or after a few hours, washing off with clean water, rinsing well. When dry, give it one coat of pure Venetian-red, mixed with one- third boiled, and two-thirds raw linseed-oil; the second coat may be any color desired. The soda-water dissolves the resin remaining after scraping; destroys the greasy nature of the solder, and of the new tin Painter' s Deparimeni. 4^9 §0 that there will be sufficient "grip" for the paint to adhere firmly The pure Venetian-red is one of the most durable paints for metallie roofs, but it is often rejected on account of its color. The above mode 6f painting will set aside this difficulty. 4. Fire-Proof Paint— for Roofs, etc.— Slack stone-lime by put- ting it into a tub, to be covered, to keep in the steam. When slacked, pjtss the powder through a fine-seive; and to each 6 qts. of it aou choose, you can remove every other foil letter, after the japan is dry, and paint in its place, red, blue, or other colored letters, to make a greater variety out of whicli for your customers to choose, as the one they desire you to follow in getting up their plate. Tin-foil being thicker than silver or gold-foil, will not show the paint through it in little spots, as they do ; but if these foils are desired to be used. you can put on two tiiicknesses, by proceeding as follows, which pre-1 vents the paint from sliowing through: lay on the first coat of these foils the same as directed for the tin- to 11, and smooth it down by rubbing on the front of the glass; then breathe on it until a dampness is caused; now put on the secoud and burnish well, having paper over it; but in stead of the knife to cut around your pattern or straight-edge, take ?. sharp needle, using the point, make lines tlirongh the leaf around the pattern letter or str light-edge ; then with a bit of je'.velers' wood, or other hard wood, made to a narrow and sharp point, remove all up to the lines, both in and around the letters, as these foils have not the substance to peel olf as the tin-foil; japanning over them the same as the other letters. Paper letters can be cut out of advertisements and put on by wetting the glass the same as for the foil, japanning over them, and when dry, removing them and painting the places out or which they came with various colors, as desired, as the japan will not peel, but makes a sharp and distinct edge; and these painted. letteis look well, in this way; and by taking advantage of printed letters, saves the skill and time necessary to form them To illustrate: In the name given below, A may be gold-foil; W Will be blue; C, red; H, black; A, gold-foil; S, blue; E, red; M. black; and again D, gold-foil, which any one can see makes a more nhowy plate ih in if it al; we;e of oiie foil, or one color. A:W,EHJtSE'M.D: Setyour glass 11 ta,' um i.e w.i ii p.iti y, aaa pm, a liiiu coat of putty over the whole plate, as the plaster of ParisflUing which is generallv used soon eats out the japan or paint, and spoils the job. Persons with any ingenuity can very soon make a nice plate if they will pay attention to the above rules, as well as to pay five dollars for instructions, as a little practice must be had to become perfect, even if you do pay five dollars for an hour or two's telling and showing. Shellac varnish col- ored with lamp-black is good in place of the japan. See " Varnish- Transparent — for Wood." ETCHING AND GRINDING UPON GLASS— For Signs, or Side Lights.— Take the " Asphaltura Varnisli," and with small pencd lay out the name or design, not putting the varnish upon the letters, but around it, leaving the space which the letters of the sign are to occupy, free and clear, as seen in the above door-plate, represented in the wood cut, and by the way, a very nice style of letter for that purpose also, we think- The varnish is to cover the black surface in the sign or name. The white line around the outside represents a border, which improves 462 Dr. Chasers Recipes. the appearance of the plate; when the varnish is dry, have some melt- ed beeswax, and as it begins to cool, with a knife"take some of it up and scrape it oft" upon the edge of the glass being etched, so as to form a wall to hold the acid upon the glass while etching; now lay the glass flat and pour a little flouric acid on to the name, letter or design thus prepared, and let it remain on for one hour, not allowing the glass to be touched or moved for that time; then pour off" the acid into your bottle, and it can be used again. Tlie asphalt prevents the acid from eating or etching only the letter, and the wax wall prevents the acid from flowing off" and being wasted. When you pour off the acid, wash the glass with a little water, scrape off the wax, and re- move the asphalt with a little turpentine and all is done. The above directions are for plain glass; but if you desire, you can gild the letter which is etched (eat out), or you can gild all except the letter, if desired, as described in the recipe for " Door Plates," or you can grind the surface of the glass, as described under the head of "Glass-grinding for Signs, Shades,"" etc. This applies equally well to " flashed," or what is called "stained glass," worked in the same way as above, putting the design or letters upon the stuined side, which eats away color and leaves the design clean and white; or you can etch only a part of the way through the stain, which shows up the letter or flower lighter in color than the rest of the glass, which make.« it look very beautiful for side-lights in halls, lamps, druggists' win dows, etc. There ai-e two kinds of colored glass — one is called " Potmetal,'' the other "Flashed." The pot-metal glass is made by mixing the stain or coloring with melted glass, while making, and, consequently is alike all the way through. The stained glass is made by applying the color to one side of the glass after it is made, then applying sufficient heat to allow it to take hold of the glass only — the color is all on one side; this is the kind desired. If it is desired to etch upon druggists' or other jars, it can be done by prej>aring the name to be put on, with the varnish and wax; then have a lead box without top or bottom, in shape on tiie lower edge to flt the shape of the jar, and press this down upon the wax to make it tight; then pour your acid into the box, which keeps it in its place, the same as the wax does on a flat surface. Ornaments or flourishes can be put on as well as letters. The old plan was to cover the whole surface with wax, then re- move it from the letter, which was very slow and troublesome, and if a bit of wax remained upon the bottle, the acid could not cut where the wax remained, then to hold tlie glass over the fumes of the acid, instead of putting the acid on the glass. 2. Gflass-Griudiiig for Signs, Shades, etc.— After you have etched a name or other design upon uncolored glass, and wish to have it show oft" to a better advantage by permitting the light to pass only (through the letters, you can do so by: Take a piece of llat brass sufficiently large not to dip into the letters, but pass over them when gliding upon the surface of the glass; then with flour of emery, and kt^eping it wet, you can grind the wliole sur- face, very quickly, to look like the ground glass globes, often seen upon lamps, except the letter which is eaten below the general surface. Whole lights of glass can be ground in this way instead of frosting or the frosting can be done here in place of the grinding, if preferred. 3, fluoric Acid, To Make for Etching Purposes. — You can make your own fluoric (sometimes called hydro-fluoric) acid, by getting Painters^ Department. 463 the fluor or Derbyshire spar, pulveriziu action IB just as fine in small as ia lar^fe quantities. mCKSMITHS' DEPARTMENT. fObflS A«0 RASPS— To Re-Cnt by a Chemical Process.— Dis- solve saleratus, 4 ozs., to water, 1 qt, sufflcieut to cover the files, and boil them in it for half an hour; then take out, wash and dry them; now stand them in a jar, filling it up with rain water and sulphuric acid, in the proportion of water, 1 qt., to acid, 4 ozs. If the tiles are coarse, they will need to remain in about twelve hours; but for tine files, six to eight hours will be all-.sufficient. When ^ou take them out, wash them clean, dry quickly, and put a little Bweet oil upon them, to prevent rust. This plan is applicable to blacksmiths, gunsmiths, tinners, copper- timiths, machinists, etc., etc. Copper and tin workers will only require a short time to take the articles out of their files, as the soft metals with which they become filled are soon dissolved, leaving the files about as good as new. For blacksmiths and saw-mill men it will re- quire the full time. They may be re-cut two or three times, making in all more service than it took to wear out the file at first. The preparation can be kept and used as long as you see action take place upon putting the files into it. Keep it covered when noi •n use. If persons, when filing, would lift up the file, in carrying back, there would be no necessity of a re-cutting, but in drawing it back they soon turn a wire-edge, which the acid removes. It also thins the tooth. Many persons have doubted this fact; but I know that the common three-square file, (used for sharpening saws,) when worn out and thrown by, for a year or two, may be again used with nearly the same advantage as a new one. The philosophy of it is this : the ac- tion of the atmosphere acts upon the same principle as the acid, cor- rodes (eats ofi^ the surface, giving anew a square cutting edge. Trj it, all ye doubtful. I have tried both, and know their value. Boiling in the saleratus-water removes grease, and allows the acid to act upon TARNISHES.— To Prevent Rust on Iron or Steel.— Tallow, l ozs. ; resin, 1 oz. ; melt and strain while hot. Apply a light coat of this, and you can lay away any articles not in constant use, for any length of time, such as knives and forks, or mechanics' tools which are being laid by, or much exposed. But for axes or other new tools, which are exposed to the air before sold, you will find the following varnish preferable : 2. Transparent, for Tools, Plows, etc.— Best alcohol, 1 gal.; gum sandarach, 2 lbs. ; gum mastic, % lb. Place all in a tin can which admits of being corked; cork it tight, and shake it frequently, occasionally placing the can in hot water. When dissolved, it is ready to use. This makes a very nice varnish for new tools which are exposed to dampness : the air, even, will soon (more or less) tarnish new work. 3« Seek-No-Farther, for Iron or Steel. — Take best Copal var- 466 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. nish, and add sufficient olive oil to make it feel a little greasy ; then add nearly as mucli spirits of turpentine as there is of varnish, and you will probably seek no farther. 4. Trausparent Blue, for Steel Plows.— Take Deraar varnish, 3^ gal.; finely ground Prussian-blue, % oz. ; mix thoroughly. 5. For ground steel plows, or other ground steel, one or two coats of this will be found sufficient to give a nice blue appearance, like highl3'^-tempered steel. Some may wish a little more blue; if so, add the Prussian-blue to your liking. Copal varnish is not so trans- parent as the Deraar, but if you will have a cheap varnish, use No. 4. 6. Black, having a Polish, for Iron. — Pulverized gum asphal- tum, 2 lbs. ; gum benzoin, }^ lb. ; spirits of turpentine, 1 gal. ; to make quick, keep in a warm place and shake often ; shake to suit with finely ground ivory black. Apply with a brush. And it ought to be used on iron exposed to the weather as well as on inside work desiring a nice appearance or polish. Or : 7. Varnish for Iron. — Asphaltum, 8 lbs. ; melt it in an iron ket- tle, slowly adding boiled linseed oil, 5 gals. ; litharge, 1 lb. ; and sul- phate of zinc, % lb. ; continuing to boil for 3 hours ; then add dark gum amber, iy^ lbs., and continue to boil 2 hours longer. When cool reduce to a proper consistence, to apply with a brush, with spirits of turpentine. 8. I wish here, also, to state a fact which will benefit those wish- ing to secure vines or limbs of trees to the side of a white house, with nails, and do not wish to see a streak of rust down the white paint, aa follows : Make a hole, in which to start the nail, putting a little strip of zinc into the hole, and drive the nail in contact with the zinc. The electrical action of the two metals, in contact, prevents rust, proven by over eight years' trial. WELDINft— Cast Steel without Borax.— Copperas, 2 ozs.; salt- petre, 1 oz. ; common salt, 6 ozs.; black oxyde of manganese, 1 oz. ; prussiate of potash, 1 oz.; all pulverized and mixed with nice welding sand, 3 lbs., and use it the same as you would sand. Higher tempered steel can be used with this better than with borax, as it welds at a lower heat — such as pitchfork tines, toe-corks, etc. The pieces should be held together while heating. I have found some blacksmiths using it without the manganese; but from what I know of the purifying properties of that article upon iron, I am sure it must be preferable with it, as that is the principal purifier in the next recipe. POOR IRON— To Improve.— Black oxide of manganese, 1 part ; copperas and common salt, 4 parts each ; dissolve in soft water and boil until dry; when cold, pulverize, and mix quite freely with nice welding sand. When you have poor iron which you cannot aflbrd to throw away, heat it and roll it in this mixture, working for a time, re-heating, etc., will soon free it from all impurities, which is the cause of its rotten- ness. By this process you can make good horse-iiails, even out of only common iron. WRITING UPON IRON OR STEEL, SILVER OR GOLD— Not to Cost the Tenth Part of a Cent per Letter.— Muriatic acid, 1 oz. ; nitric acid, % oz. Mix, wlien it is ready for use. Directions. — Cover the place you wish to nuMk, or write upon, witti melted bees-wax ; when cold, write the name plain wi*b 9, file iffacRsmxths' Department 467 point or an instrument made for the purpose, carrying it through the wax and eleanhig trie wax ad out of the letter; then apply the mixed acidB with a feathsr, carefully Ailing each letter; let it remain from one to ten minutes, according to the appearance desired; then put on some water, which dilutes the acids and stops the process. Either of the acids, alone, would cut iron or steel, but it requires the mixture to take hold of gold or silver. After you wash ofl" the acids, it is best to applv a little oil. MILL-PICKS— To Temper.— To 6 qts. of soft water, put in pul- verized corrosive sublimate, 1 oz., and 2 hands of common salt; when dissolved it is ready for use. Tlie tirs^t gives toughness to tlie steel, whilst the latter gives the hardness. 1 liave found those who think it better to add sal-ammoniac, pulverized, 3 ozs., to the above. Directions. — Heat tlie picks to only a cherry red and plunge them ill and do not draw any temper. In working mill-picks, be very careful not to overheat them, but work them at as low a heat as possi- ble. The reason why so many fail in making good picks, is that they don't work them at a's low heat as they should. With care upon that point, and the above fluid, no trouble will be exi)erienced, even on the best diamond burrs. Be sure to keep the preparation covered when aot in use, as it is poison. Pigs or dogs might drink of it, if left un- covered. This is the mixture which has gained nie the name of hav- ing the best preparation in use for mill-picks, and the certificates on tnis subject, but as I have some others which aie very highly spoken of, I give you a few others. 2. An English miller, after buying my book, gave me the fol- lowing recipe, for which he paid ten dollars. He had used it all his life, or from the time he began business for himself, (about thirty years,) and he would use no other : Salt, 3^ tea-cup ; saltpetre, ^ oz. ; alum, pulverized, 1 tea-spoon ; «oft water, 1 gal.; never heating over a cherry red, nor drawing any temper. 3. Saltpetre, sal-ammoniac, and alum, of each, 2 ozs.; salt, IJ^ lbs.; water, 3 gals ; and draw no temper. There must be something in this last, as the next one I obtained rtt least five hundred miles from where I did this, and both from men who knew their value, and yet they resemble each other near enougli to be called "The Twins." 4. Mill-Picks and Saw-Gummers, To Temper,— Saltpetre and alum, each, 2 ozs ; sal-ammoniac, y^ oz- ; salt, \% lbs.; soft water, 3 gals. Heat to a cherry red and plunge them in, aid draw no temper. The steel must never be heated above a chcMiy red, and in working ana drawing the picks there ought to be quite an amount of light watez-hammering, even after the steel is quite cool. Once more, and f am Oone : yet it may be possible that the last, in this case, may be the bes.',; read it. 5. Mill-Pick Tempering, as done by Chnrch, of Ann Arbor.— Water, 3 gals. ; salt, 2 qts. ; sal-ammoniac and saltpetre, of each, 2 ozs. ; ashes from white-asli bark, 1 shovel, which causes the picks to scale clean and white as silver. I obtained this recipe of a blacksmith who paid young Mr. Church five dollars for it, he coming into the shop and showing him how to work the picks, as also the composition. His instructions were, not to hammer too cold, to avoid flaws; not to heat too high, which opens the pores of the steel, nor to heat more than one or two inches of the pick trljen tempering. The gentleman says, if care is taken in heating ain^ 468 Dr. Chase's Recipes. working, that no other tempering liquid will equal it, yet he spoiled the first batch by over-heating, even after Mr. Church had taken all pains to sliow him. They (the Messrs. Church) have picks sent to them, for tempering, from Illinois and even Wisconsin. BUTCHER-KNIVES.— Spring Temper and Ueautiful Edge.— In forging out the knife, as you get it near to its proper thickness, be very careful not to heat it too high, and to water-hammer, as for mill-picks. When about to temper, heat only to a cherry red, and hold it in such a way that you can hold it plumb as you put it into the water, which prevents it from springing — put in plumb into the water, and it will come out straight. Take it from the water to the fire, and pass it through the blaze until a little hot ; then rub a candle over it upon both sides, and back to the fii'e, passing it backward and forward, in the blaze, turning it over often to keep the heat even over the whole surface, until the tal- low passes off as though it M^ent into the steel; then take out and rub the candle over it again (on both sides each time) and back to the fire, passing it as before, until it starts into a blaze, with a snap, beinp careful that the heat is even over the whole length and width of thi^ tool; then rub the tallow over it again, and back, for 3 times, quickly, as it burns ofl'; and lastly, rub the tallow over it again, and push i' into the dust of the forge, letting it remain until cold. If these directions are followed with dexterity, you will have th> temper alike from edge to back; and the edge will be the best you eve- saw. As Davy Crockett used to say, "It will jump higher, div» deeper," shave more hogs, bend farther without breaking, and giv* better satisfaction than all other knives put together. It works equally well on drawing-knives and other thin tools; anc for trap-springs which are to be set on dry ground ; but if set in water " pop goes the weasel" the first time tlie trap is sprung. But the fo] lowing is tlie plan for tempering springs for general trapping : 2. TRAP SPRINGS— To Temper.— For tempering cast-steel tra; springs, all tliat is necest^aiy is to heat them in the dark just that yoi may see it is red, then cool them in lukewarm water. This is u slioi* recipe, but it make^ loi.g-lasting springs. The reason wliy daikness is required to temper springs is that i lower degree of heat ca!) bo seen in the night than by daylight; and the low lieat and warm water give the desiied temper. SILVER PLATING— r«*r Carriage Work.— First, let the parti which are to receive tlie plate be filed very smooth; tlien apply ove; the surftice the nuuiate of zinc, which is made by dissolving zinc ir muriatic acid; now liold tliis part over a dish containing hot soft sol- der, (pewter solder is probably th(! softest,) and witli a bwab apply the solder to the part, to which it adheres; brush off all snperfluous solder, so as to leave the surface smooth ; you will now take No. 2 fair silver plate, of the right size to cover the surface of the part prepared with solder, and lay the plate upon it and rub it down smooth witli a cloth, which is moistened with oil, then, with a soldering-iron, pass slowly over all the surface of the plate, which melts the solder underneatli it, and causes the plate to adhere as firmly as the solder does to tlie iron; then polisli the surface, finishing with buckskin. The soldering-irons must be tinned, and also kept verj' smooth, and used at about the same heat as for soldering tin. IRON— To Prevent Welding. — Wliere it is desirea to weld two bars of iron togetlier, for making axletrees or other purposes, through wkich you wish to have a bolt-hole, without punching out a pi^sce of Biacksmiths' Department. 469 the iron, you will take, a piece of wet pasteboard, the width of the bar and the length yoa desire not to weld, and place it between the two pieces of iron, and hold them firmlj'- upon the pasteboard while taking the heat, and tlie iron will weld up to the pasteboard, but not where it is; then open the hole, with swedge and punch, to the desired size. In this way blacksmiths' tongs may be relaid, without the trouble of cutting the joints apart and making a new jaw. Simply fit two pieces of iron, the thickness you wisli to add to the jaws of the tongs, have them of the right length and width also, then take them both between the jaws and heat them so you can pound them together, that tliey will tit closely for a weld ; now put a piece of the wet pasteboard between the pieces which you are to weld, having the hanclles of the tongs stand sufficiently apart that you may put on a link or ring to hold all firmly; then put into the fire, and take a good welding heatr and yet they do not weld where the paper was between them; if they stick a little at the end, just put them on the swedge and give them a little tap with the Jiammer, and they will fly right apart as nice as new. I am told that the dust from the ground or floor of the blacksmith- shop is as good as the pasteboard, yet I have not seen that tried; but I know there is no mistake in the other ; and yet I have found one blacksmith who declared he would not believe it could be done, even if he saw it. CAST-IRON— To Case-Harden.— Cast-iron may be case-hardened by heating,to a red heat, and then rolling it in a composition composed of equal parts of prussiate of potash, sal-ammoniac, and saltpetre, all pulverized and thoroughly mixed ; tlien plunged, while yet hot, into a bath containing 2 ozs. of the prussiate, and 4 ozs. of tlie sal-ammo- niac to each gal. of cold water. — Scientific Artisan. 2. Ca.st-Iron— The Hardest— To Softea for Drilling.— Heat to a cherry red, having it lie level in the fire, then with a pair of cold tongs put oh a piece of brimstone, a little less in size than you wish the hole to be when drilled, and it softens entirely through the piece ; let it lie in the fire until a little cool, when it is ready to drill. Sleigh-shoes have been drilled, by this plan, in five minutes, after a man )iad spent half a day in drilling one-fourth of an inch into it. [t is applicable to any article whicli can be heated without injury. WROUOHT-IRON- To Case- Harden.— To case-harden wrought iron, take the prussiate of potash, finely pulverized, and roll the arti- cle in it, if its shape admits of it; if not, sprinkle the powder upon it freely, while the iron is hot. This is applicable to iron axle-trees, by heating the axle-tree and rolling tlie bottom of it in the powder, spread out for that purpose, turning it up quickly and pouring cold water upon it, getting it into the tub of cold water as quick as possible. They will wear for years, without showing wear. 2, Welding a Small Piece of Iron upon a Large One, with only a Light Heat. — It is often desirable to weld a small bit of iron upon a large bar, when the large piece must be heated equally hot as the small one. To save this : Take borax, 1 lb.; red oxide of iron, 1 to 2 ozs.; melt them to- gether in a crucible; and when cold, pulverize it and keep the powder dry for use. When you want to perform tlie operation, just bring the large piece to a white heat, having a good welding heat upon the small slip; take the large one from the fire, ;ind sprinkle some of the powder upon the place, and bring the other upon it, applying the hammer 47° Dr. Chase' s Recipes. smartly, and the weld will be as good as could be made with the greater heat without the powder. BRONZING— For Iron or Wood.— First, make a black paint; then put in a little chrome-yellow, only snllicient to give it a dark-green shade; apply a coat of this to the article to be bronzed; when dry, give it a coat of varnish; and when the varnish is a little dry, dust on bronze by dipping a piece of velvet into the bronze and shaking it upon the varnish ; then give it another coat of varnish, and when dry, all is complete. Cast-iron bells, which are now being extensively introduced to the farming community, will be much improved in their appearance by the bronzing, and also protected from rust, without injury to i.5 to 98 proof, 1 gal. ; shake the jug occasionally, for a day or two, ♦nd it is ready for use. After using a few coats of this, you can have a German polish, by 'imply leaving out 8 ozs. of the shellac ; and a coat or two of the polish makes an improvement on the varnish, and does not require the rubbing, that it would if the full amount of shellac was used, in the last coat or two. It is recommended also to put upon cuts, sores, etc., v'.(ras excepted' 31 JEWELERS' DEPARTMENT. GALVANIZING.— Without a Battery.— Dissolve cyanuret of potassium, 1 oz., in pure rain or snow water, 1 pt., to which add a 1 dr. bottle of the chloride of gold, and it is ready to use. Scour the article to be plated, from all dirt and grease, with whiting, chalk, or rotten stone, pulverized, and put in alcohol, using a good brush — oi the " Polishing Compound," No. 3 ; if there are cracks, it may be nee essary to put the article in a solution of caustic potash — at all events every particle of grease and dirt must be removed ; then suspend th(. article to be plated in the cyanuret of gold solution, with a small strip of zinc cut about the width of a common knitting-needle, hooking thf- top over a stick which will reach across the top of the jar holding th<' solution. Every Ave to ten minutes the article should be taken out and brushed o^ with the scouring preparation ; or on smooth surfaces i» may be rii d off and wiped with a piece of cotton cloth, and returr« until the j,ting is sufficiently heavy to suit. Whe tlie plating fluid is not in us5, bottle it, keeping it corked and it is always ready for use, bearing in mind that it is as poison as arsenic, and must be put higli, out of the way of children, and labeled — Poz«o«, although you will have no fears in using it; yet accident? might arise, if its nature were not known. The zinc strip, as far as ii reaches into the fluid, will need to be rubbed occasionally, until it i** brignt. 2. Galvauizin^ With a Shilling Battery.— I have found som<. persons who thought it much better to vise a simple battery, made bj taking a i)iece of copper rod about three-eighths of an inch in thick ness, and about eigliteen or twenty inches long, and bend it, as seen ii. the accompanying cut : SHILLING llATTEUY. The rod should be about 4 or 5 inches in the circle or bend, then run parallel, having 5 strips of sheet zinc, an inch wide and 6 to 8 inches long, bent in tlieir centre around the copper, with a rivet through them, close to the rod, as shown above ; tliese strips of zinc are to be placed into tumblers, wliich are to be nearly filled with rain water ; then pour into each tumbler a little oil of vitriol, until you «•» i!iat it begins to work a little on the zinc. Jewelers' Department. 477 The article to be plated is to be suspended upon the stick of zinc, ae represented upon the long end of tlie rod, which is to be placed as before spoken of, in a jar containing the gold solution, instead of hav- ing it upon the sticli spoken of when plating without the battery. And all the operations are the same as before described. JEWELRY. — Cleaning and Polishing Compound. — Aqua am- monia, 1 oz. ; prepared chalk, '% oz. ; mix, and keep corked. To use for rings, or other smooth-surfaced jewelry, wet a bit of cloth with the compound, after liaving shaken it, and rub the article thoroughly ; then polish by rubbing with a silk handkerchief or piece of soft buck-«kin- For articles whicli are rough-surfaced, use a suit- able bru«h. It If ippiicable for gold, silver, brass, britannia, plated goods, etc. M M to to to M. l-i HI t-l M ►-I >-i Hi Hi Hi 4^Ci9tSHiO«OQO>qa»Cn»f^03tSHiC>000-30»Ol)^CatO FARRIERS' DEPARTMENT. CHOLIC— Cure for Horses or Persons. — Spirits of turpentine, 3 •zs. ; laudanum, 1 oz. ; mix, and give all for a dose, by putting it into a bottle with y^ pt. ■of warm water, which prevents injury to the throat. If relief is not obtained in one hour, repeat the dose, adding ^ oz, of the best powdered aloes, well dissolved together, and have no uneasi- ness about the result. Symptoms.— The horse often lies down, suddenly rising again, with a spring, strikes his belly with his hind feet, stamps vvitli his fore feet, and refuses ^ oz.; iodine, 1 dr. mix. Apply night and morning, first washing clean and rubbing dr. with a sponge; then rub the liniment into ihe spavin with the liaml It causes a gummy substance to ooze out, without injury to the li.iir- has cured ring-bones, also removing the lumps in recent cases. It curec. the lameness in a case of three years' standing. 13. Splint and Spavin Liniment. — Take a large-mouthed bottk and put into it oil of origanum, 6 ozs. ; gum camphor, 2 ozs. ; nit- irii rial ointment, 2 ozs. ; iodine ointment, 1 oz. ; melt by putting the bottlt into a kettle of hot water. Apply it to bone-spavins or splints twice daily, for four or 11 vt days. The lameness will trouble you no more. I have had men curt their horses with this liniment, and remark that this recipe alone was worth more than the price of the book. 14. Bo^'Spavin and Wind-Gall Ointment, also good for Curbs, Splints, Ring-ltones, and Bone-Spavin.— Take pulverized cantharides, 1 oz. ; mercurial ointment, 2 ozs. ; tincture of iodine, 13^ ozs.; spirits of turpentine, 2 ozs. ; corrosive sublimate, Vyi drs. ; lard. 1 lb. Mix well, and when desired to apply, first cut off the hair, wash well and anoint, lubl.nig it in with the hand, or glove, if preferred. Two days after, grease the part with lard, and in two days more, wasli off and apply the ointment again. Repeat the process every week, as long as necessary. SWKENY — Liniment. — Alcohol and spirits of turpentine, of each, 8 ozs. ; cainplior gum, pulverized cantharides, and capsicum, uf each, 1 oz ; oil of spike, 3 ozs. Mix. l*erhaps the best plan is to tincture the capsicum fii-st, and use ihi Farriers' Department. 483 tincture instead of the powder, by which means you are free of sedi- ment; bathe this liniment in with a hot iron. The first case has yet to be found where it has not cured this disease when faithfully followed. 2. Another. — Sal-ammoniac, 2 ozs. ; corrosive sublimate, 1 oz. ; alcohol, 1 qt. ; water, 1 qt. ; pulverize and mix. This last has cured many cases of sween}^ and also kidney com- plaints, known by a weakness in the back, of li n-scs or cattle. Bathe the loins with it; and give one to two table-spoo.is at a dose, daily. POLL-EYIL AND FISTULA— Positive Cure.— Common potash, j^ oz. ; extract of belladonna, '% dr. ; gum arable, J^ oz. Dissolve the gum in as little water as practicable ; then, having pulverized the pot- ash, unless it is moist, mix tlie gum water with it, and it will soon dis- solve; then mix in the extract, and it is ready to use; and it can be used without the belladonna, but it is more painful without it, and does not have quite as good an effect. Directions.— The best plan to get this into the pipes is by means of a small syringe, after having cleansed the sore with soap-suds; re- peat once in two days, until all the callous pipes and hard fibrous base around the poll-evil or fistula is completelj^ destroyed. Mr. Curtis, a merchant of Wheaton, 111., cured a poll-evil with this preparation, by onlj' a single application, as the mare estrayed and was not found for two months — then completely sound ; but it will generally require two or three applications. This will destroy corns and warts, by putting a little of it upon the wart or corn, lei ting it remain from five to ten minutes, then wash off and apply oil or vinegar, not squeezing them out, but letting na- ture remove them. 2. Potash, to Make. — If you cannot buy the potash, called for In the last recipe, you can make it by leeching best wood ashes and boiling down the lye to what is called black salts, and continuing the heat in a thick kettle until they are melted ; the heat burns out the black impurities and leaves a whitish-gray substance, called potash. This potasli, pulverized and put into all the rat holes about cellars, causes them to leave in double-quick time, as mentioned in the " Rat Exterminator." The black salts will do about as well for rats, but is not quite so strong. They get their feet into it, which causes a biting worse than their own, and they leave without further ceremony. Potash making in timbered lands is carried on very extensively; using the thick, heavy potash-kettle to boil and melt in, then dipping it out into three anil five-pail iron kettles to cool. 3. Poll-Evil and Fistula— Norwegian Cure.— Cover the head and neck with two or three blankets; have a pan or kettle of the best warm cider vinegar, holding it under the blankets; then steam the parts by putting hot stones, brick, or iron, into the vinegar, and con- tinue the operation until the horse sweats freely; doing this 3 morn- ings and skipping 3, until 9 steamings iiave been accomplished. Mr. Marshall says, the pipes, by this time, will seem to have raised up and become loose, except the lower end, which holds upon the bone or tendons, like a sucker's mouth ; tlie apparent rising being caused by the going down of tlie swelling in the parts. Now tie a skein of silk around the pipes and pull them out; washing the par.s witli weak cop- peras water until the sore heals up and all is well. He told me that he cured, in this way, a horse which had interfered until a pipe had formed at the place of interference, upon the leg, that when drawn out was as long as liis finger. See the "Norwegian Cure for Bone- Spavin." 4^4 ^. Chase's Recipes. 4. Another. — flock salt and blue vitriol, of each, 1 oz. ; copperasr 3^ oz. ; pulverize all finely, and mix well. Fill a goose-quill with the powder, and push it to the bottom of the pipe, having a stick in the top of the quill, so that you can pusi: the powder out of the quill, leaving it at the bottom of the pipe; re- peat again in about four days, and in two or three days from tliattime you can take hold of the pipe and remove it, witliout trouble. 5. Poll-Evil, to Scatter. — Take a quantity of mandrake root, mash, and boil it; strain and boil down until rath^^r tliick, liien form an ointment by simmering it with sufficient lard for that purpose. Anoint the swelling once a day, for several d^.ys, until well. It has cured them after they were broken out, by putting it into the pipes a few times, also anointing around the sore. 6. Another. — Poll-evils and fistulas have been cured by pushing a piece of lunar caustic into the pipe, then filling the hole with cur- rier's oil. Or : T. Another. — Corrosive sublimate the size of a common bean, pulverized and wrapped in tissue paper, and pressed to the bottom of the pipes, leaving it in eight days, then take out, and applying the blue ointment, (kept by druggists,) has cured them. Or : §. Another. — Arsenic, the size of a pea. treated in the same way, has cured the same disease. But if the Norwegian plan will work aa recommended, it is certainly the best of all. "9. Another. — Oil of vitriol, put into the pipes, has cured manj cases. I found one man, also, who had cured poll-evil by placing a bar rel of water about fifteen feet high, on a platform, upon two trees- administering a shower-bath daily upon the sore; drawing the water by a faucet, througli a dinner horn placed little end down ; tying the horse so as to keep him in position until the water all runs out. Fif- teen or twenty batlis cured him, but it broke out again the next sea- son, when a few more baths made a final cure. LOOSENESS OR SCOURING IN HORSES OR CATTLE-InUso Over Seventy Years. — Torraentil root, powdered. Dose. — For a horse or cow, 1 to IJ^ ozs. It may be stirred in 1 pt. of milk and given, or it may be steeped in IJ^ pts. of milk, then given from 3 to 5 time* daily until cured. It has proved valuable also for persons. Dose. — For a person, would be from one-half to one tea-spoon steeped in milk ; but if used for persons, I should recommend that half as much rhubarb be com bined witli it. An English gentleman from whom it was obtained, had been fa- miliar with its use nearly eighty years, and never knew a failure, if taken in any kind of seasonable time. The tormentil, or aeptfoil, is a European plant, and very astringent. 2. Beef Bones for Scours. — Burn the bones thoroughly and pul- verize finely; tlien give 1 table-spoon in aome dry feed, 3 times daily, until cliecked. Tliis preparation has thirty years' experience of an American gentleman, near Fentonville, Mich., to recommend it to general favor. 3. Scours and Pin-Worms of Horses and Cattle.— White ash bark, burnt to ashes, and made into ratiier a strong lye; tiien mix % pt. of it with warm water, 1 pt., and give all, 2 or ?> times daily. Whenever it becomes certain that a liorse or cow is troubled with pin-worms, by their passing from the bowels, it is best to administer Farriers' Depart*mni. 485 ;«,s^^ ibove, as they are believed to he thp cause, generally, of scours, and rhis remedy carries off the worms, thus curing the inflammation by removing tlie cause. HOUSE OINTMENT— D*5 6fr ay or Sloau'a.— Resin, 4 ozs.; bees- wax, -Jtozs. ; lard, 8 o/.s. ; honey, 2 ozs. Melt these articles slowly, gently bringing to a boiJ; uid as it begins to boil, remove from tiie fire and slowly add a lilt'.e less than a pint of spirits of turpentine, atirrlng all the time tliis is being added, and stir until cool. This is an extraordinary ointment for bruises, in flesh or hoof„ brokrn knees, galled oacks, bites, cracked heels, etc., etc.; or when a horse is gelded, to heal and keep away flies. It is excellent to take lire out of burns or scalds in lunnan flesh also. (CONDITION POWDERS— Said to be St. John's.— Fenugreek, cream-of-tartar, gentian, sulphur, saltpetre, resin, black antimony, and ginger, equal quantities of each, say 1 o/. ; all to be finely pulverized; cayenne, also line, half the quantity of any one of the others, say J^ )z. Mix thoroughly. It is used in yellow water, hide-bound, coughs, colds, distemper, nnd all otlier diseases where condition powders are generally adminis- tered. They cairy off gross humors and purify the blood. Dose. — In ordinary cases give two tea-spoons once a day, in feed. In extreme cases give it twice daily. If these do not give as good satisfaction as St. Jolin's or any otiier condition powder tliat costs more tlian double vvi)at it does to make this, then I will acknowledge that travel and study are of no account in obtaining information. 2. Cathartic Condition Powder.— Gamboge, alum, saltpetre, resin, copperas, ginger, aloes, gimi-myrrh, salts, and salt, and if the horse is in a very low condition, put in wormwood, all the same quan- citios, viz., 1 oz. each. Dose. — One table-spoon in bran, twice daily; not giving any other grain for a few days; then once a day, with oats and other good feed. Tiiis last is more applicable for old worn-down horses which need cleaning out and starting again into new life, and in such cases, just tlie tiling to be desired. HOUSE LINIMENT— For StilT-Neck from Poll-Evils.— Alcohol, I pt. ; oil of cedar, origanum, and gum camphor, of each, 2 ozs.; oil of amber, 1 oz. ; use freeh'. 2. English Stable tiniment— Tery Strong.— Oil of spike, aqua ammonia, and o/Z of turpentine, of each, 2 ozs.; sweet oil and oil of amber, of each, 13^ ozs.; oil of origanum, 1 oz. Mix. Call this good for anythinJ;, and always keep it in the stable as a strong liniment ; the Englishman's favorite for poll-evils, ring-bones and old lameness, inflammations, etc. If much inflammation, how- ever, it will fetch the liair. but not destroy it. 3. Nerve and Bone Liuiinent.—Take beef's gall, 1 qt.; alcohol, 1 pt. ; volatile liniment, 1 lb. ; .spirits of turpentine, 1 lb. ; oil t)f ori- ganum, 4 ozs.,' aqua ammonia, 4 ozs. ; tincture of cayenne, 3^ pt. ; oil of amber, 3 ozs. ; tincture of Spanish flies, 6 ozs. Mix. Uses too well known to need description. This is more particu- larly applicable to horse flesh. 4. Liuiuieut for One Shilling a Quart. -Best vinegar, 3 qts.; Baltpetre, pulverized, )^ lb. ; mix, and set in a warm place, until dis- solved. It will be found valuable for spavins, sprains, strains, bruises, old swellings, etc. BROKEN LIMBSK Treatment, instead of inhumanly Shootiusr 486 Dr. Chase's Recipes. the Horse. — In the greater number of fractures it is only necessary to partially sling the horse by means of a broad piece of sail or other strong cloth, (as represented in the figure,) placed under the animal's belly, furnished with two breechings and two breast-girths, and by means of ropes and pulleys attached to a cross-beam above, he is ele- vated or lowered, as may be required. It would seldom be necessary to raise them entirely oflF of their feet, as they will be more quiet, generally, when allowed to touch the ground or floor. The head-stall sliould be padded, and ropes reaching each way to the stall, as well as forward. Many horses will plunge about for a time, but soon quiet down, with an occasional exception. When they become quiet, set the bone, splint it well, padding the splints with batting, securing carefully; then keep wet with cold water, as long as the least inflammation is present, using light food, and a little water at a time, but may be given often. The use of the different buckles and straps will be easily under- stood. SUPPOJKTirG APPAUA.TUS IN LAMENESS OF HOUSES. If he is very restive, other ropes can be attached to the corner ruigs, which are there for that purpose, and will aflbrd much addi- tional relief to the horse. I knew a horse's thigh to <;rumble upon the race-couree, without apparent cause, which lost him the stake he would have easily won. He was hauled miles upon a sled, slung, and cured by his humane owner. Then let every fair means he tried, before you consent to take the life, even of a broken-legged horse. WOUND BALSAM— For Horses or Human Flesh.— Gum ben- zoin, in powder, G ozs. ; balsam of tolu, in powder, 3 ozs. ; gum storax, 2 ozs. ; frankincense, in powder, 2 ozs. ; gum myrrh, in powder, 2 ozs. ; Socotorine aloes, in powder, 3ozs. ; alcohol, i gal Mix them all tP- Farriers' Department. 487 gather, and put them in a digester, and give them a gentle heat for 3 or 4 days, then strain. A better medicine can hardly be found in the materia mediea for healing fresh wounds in every part of the body, particularly those on the tendons or joints. It is frequently given internally along with other articles, to great advantage, in all colds, flatulency, and in other debilities of the stoniacli and intestines. Every gentleman, or farmer, ought to keep this medicine ready prepared in his house, as a family medicine, for all cuts, or recent wounds, either among his cattle or any of his family Thirty or forty drops, on a lump of sugar, may be taken ai any time, for flatulency, or pain at the stomach; and in old age, where nature requires stimulation. — Every Man His Own Farrier. GREASE-HEEL AND COMMON SCRATCHES— To Care.— Lye maile from wood ashes, and boil white oak bark in it until it is quite strong, both in lye and bark ooze; when it is cold, it is ready for use. First wash oflF the horse's legs with dish water or castile soap ; and vphen dry, apply the ooze with a swab upon a stick which is sufficiently long to keep out of his reach, as he will tear around like a wild horse, but you must wet all well once a day, until you see the places are dry- ing up. The grease-heel may be known from the common scratches by the deep cracks, which do not appear in the common kind Of course this will fetch off the hair; but the disease has been known to fetch off Ihe hoof; then to bring on the hair again, use salve made by stewing sweet elder bark in old bacon ; then form the salve by adding a little resin according to the amount of oil when stewed, about a quarter of a oound to each pound of oil. 2. Another. — Verdigris, 3^ oz. ; whisky,! pt., are highly recom- mended for grease-heel. 3. Common Scratches. — iJse sweet oil, 6 ozs. ; borax, 2 ozs. ; sugar of lead, 2 ozs. ; mix and apply twice daily, after washing off with iish-water, and giving time to allow the legs to dry. These plans have been used for years, by George Clemm, of Ciogansport, Indiana, and he assured me that the worst cases will be cured, of either disease, in a very few days. 4. Another. — Coppei-asand chamber-lye are known to be good for common scratches, applied, as. the last, after washing with dish- water and drying. This last can be tried first, as it is easily obtained, and if it does not succeed you will not fail with the other, S.VDDLE AND HARNESS GALLS— Kruises, Abrasions, Etc.— Remedy. — White lead and linseed-oil mixed as for paint,jis almost in- valuable in abrasions, or galls from the saddle or collar, or from any other cause; it will speedily aid the part in healing. Applied with a brush to the leg of a horse, the outer coating of hair and skin of which was torn off, caused it to heal and leave no scar. It is good for scratches and all sores upon horses, or other animals, and equally good for men. It forms an air-tight coating, and soothes pain. Every farmer should keep a pot and brush ready for use. White lead is the carbonate of the metal, and when pure is very white. That hav- ing a greyish tint is impure, being generally adulterated. For use as a paint, a lead color is produced by adding lamp black, and a drab or stone color, by adding burned umber. In applying it for scratches, first wash them clean with soap and water, then apply. Some persons prefer lamp oil. If that is used, you will mix both together until the oil assumes a light straw color. When the horse comes in at night, his legs should be washed perfectly clean 488 Dr. Chasers Recipes. and rubbed perfectly dry. Then apply the mixture, rubbing it well to the skin. Two or three applications are sufficient lo effect a perfect cure, no matter how bad the case may be. — CorrespondeTice of the Country Gentleman. To give confidence in this, I would say that a lady, at Lafayette, Indiana, told me she cured herself of salt-rheum with white-lead and sweet oil only. 2. Another. — Alcohol and extract of lead, of each, 2 ozs. ; soft water, 4 ozs. ; spirits of sal-ammoniac, 1 oz. ; white copperas, ^ oz Mix all and shake as used. "Knowlson's Complete Farrier" speaks very highly of this ast preparation, which can be tried, should the first above fail. 3. Sores from Cliaflngr of the Bits.— Chloroform and sulphuric ether, equal parts of each. Keep closely corked. Sponge off the mouth with water every time the bits are taken out; -then wet well with the mixture. It will also be found valuable to re- move soreness from any cause, on man or horse. 4. Another. — White ashes and spirits of turpentine, of each, 1}^ table-spoons; black pepper, ground, 1 table-spoon; lard to make 1 pt of all, mix well and anoint. HEAVES — Great Relief.— Heaves, a common name for any diffl culty in the breathing of a horse, is susceptible of great alleviation bj attention to the character and quantity of food to be eaten by tht animal, as every one knows. If a horse suffering from this disease, i^ allowed to distend his stomach at his pleasure, with dry food entirelj and then to drink cold water, as much as he can hold, he is 11 earl j worthless. But if his food be moistened, and he be allowed to drink a moderate quantity only at a time, the disease is much less troublesome A still farther Hileviation may be obtained from the use of balsam of fir and balsam of copaiba, 4 ozs. each; and mix with calcined mag- nesia sufficiently thick to make it into balls; give a middling sized ball night and morning for a week or 10 days. This gives good satisfaction and is extensively sold by Eberbach & Co., druggists of this city. 2. Another. — An old Farrier assures me that lobelia, one tea spoon, once a dav, in his feed, for a week, and then once a week ; thai you can hardly tell whether a horse ever had the heaves or not. 3. Another. — H. Sisson, another Farrier, gives me a cure whick somewhat resembles the ball first given under this head, and thus each one supports the other. He takes calcined magnesia, balsam of fir, and balsam of copaiba, of each, 1 oz. ; spirits of turpentine, 2 ozs. ; and puts them all into 1 pt. of tlie best cider vinegar, and gives for a dose 1 table-spoon in his feed, once a day, for a week; then every other day for 3 or 3 months. The horse will cough more at first, but looser and looser until cured. Wet his hay with brine, and also wet his feed. 4. Another. — Mr. Bangs, highly recommends the following: Lo- belia, wild turnip, elecampane and skunk cabbage, equal parts of each. Make into balls of common size, and give one for a dose, or make a tincture, by putting 4 ozs. of the mixture into 2 qts. of bpirits; and aftei a week put 2 table-spoons into their feed, once a day for a month or two. 5. Another. — Oyster shells, 1 peck; burn into lime and pulverize; mix a single handful of it with ^ gill of alcohol, the^ mix it with the oats each morning until all is given. This for bellows-heaves has done very much good. Horse-radish grated and put in with the feed has benefited. C{ obagu, as common Farriers^ Department. 489 of Burlington, Vt.^ DISTEMPER— To Distinguish and Cure.— If it is thought that a Qorse has tlie distemper, and you do not feel certain, wet up bran with ratiier strong weak lye — if not too strong they will eat it greedily; if they have the distemper, a free discharge from the nostrils and a con- wequent cure will be tlie result, if continued a few days; but if only a cold, with swellings of the glands, no change will be discovered. SHOEING HORSES— For Winter Travel.— N. P. Willis, of the Home Journal, in one of his recent Idlewild tetters, says; "You have discovered, of course, that you cannot have uninter- rupted winter riding with a horse sliod in the ordinary way. The eiharp points of the frozen mud will wound the frog of the foot; and with snow on the ground, the hollow hoof soon collects a hard ball which makes the footing very insecure. But these evils are remedied by a piece of sole leather nailed on under tlie shoe — a protection to the hoof which makes a surprising difference in the confidence and sure- footedness of the animal's step." FOUNDER— Remedy.— Draw about 1 gal. of blood from the neck; then drench tiie horse with linseed-oil, 1 qt.; now rub the forelegs, long and weil, with water as hot as can be borne without scalding. This remedy entirely cured a horse wliich had been foundered on wheat, two days before the treatment began. PHYSIC— Ball for Horses. — Barbadoes aloes from 4 to 5 or 6 drs., (according to the size and strength of the horse) ; tartrate of potassia, 1 dr. ; ginger and castile soap, of each, 2 drs. ; oil of anise, or peppermint, 20 drops; pulverize, and make all into one ball with thick gum solution. Before giving a horse physic, he should be prepared for it by feed- ing scalded bran, in place of oats, for two days at least, giving alsoi water which has the chill taken off, and continue this feed and drink' during the operation. If it should not operate in forty-eight hours, repeat half the dose. 2. Physic for Cattle. — For cattle, take half only of the dose, above, for a horse, and add to it glauber salts, 8 ozs. ; dissolve all in gruel, 1 qt., and give as a drench : for cattle are not easily managed in giving balls, neither is their constitution adapted to dry medicine. There is not the need of preparation for cattle, generally, as for horses, from the fact of their not being kept up to grain, if they are, however, let the same precautions be observed as in " Physic Ball for Horses." 49<^ Dr. Chase's Recipes. HOOF- AIL IN SHEEP— Sure Remedy.— Muriatic acid and butter of antiiiiouy, of each, 2 ozs. ; white vitriol, pulverized, 1 oz. Mix. DiHKCTiONS. — Lift the foot and drop a little of it upon the bottom. It will need to be applied only once or twice a week— as often only as they limp, which shows that the foot is becoming tender again. It kills the old hoof, and a new one soon takes its place. Have no fears about the result; apply the medicine as often as indicated, and all is safe. It has proved valuable in growing off horse's hoofs, when snagged, or contraction made it necessary. EYE-WATER— For Horses and Cattle.— Alcohol, 1 table-spoon ; sugar of lead, 1 tea-spoon; rain water "%_ pt. Wash the eye freely, two or three times daily. But I prefer the "Eye Water" as prepared for persons; and allow me here to say that what is good for man, in the line of medicine, is good for a horse, by increaslnir the close to correspond. TAMING— Principles Applied to Wild and Ticious Horses.— I have thought in closing up this Department, that I could not devote a page to a bettei- purpose than to the so-called secret of taming. For it is a secret, but it lies in a different point from what is generally be- lieved, whicli I will attempt to show. Seveml persons are advertising books for taming wild horses, and other persons are going about teaching the art to classes in private. Probably the pupils get their money's worth. But, why do so many fail ? The whole secret lies in this, that many persons can never handle a horse, with all the instruction in tlie world — it is not in tliem. They can- not establish a sympathy between themselves and the horse, and if they become horse trainers, they ha^'e only mistaken their calling, and the money they laid out is perhaps as cheap a way as they could be taught their mistake. To be a successful horse trainer, he must have a sympathy with the horse, and a personal power of control. Tliis reminds us of an old gentleman's remarks on the subject of sweeny. He said : "There were a great many recipes of penetrating oils, applications, etc., but the great secret was in /at7/t," without which no person will persevere a sufficient length of time with either of them. This holds good in all diseases, as well as in handling or taming a horse. The mysteiy or secret, then, is in knowing how, and having the stamina (power) to do it. As for recipes, they consist in using the horse-castor or wart, which grows upon the inside of the leg, grated fine, oil of cumin, and oil of rhodium, kept separate in air-tight bottles; these all possess peculiar piopeities for attracting and subduing animals. " Kub a little oil of cumin upon your hand, and approach the horse in the field, on the windward side, so that he can smell the cumin. Tlie horse will let you come up to him without trouble. "Immediately rub yoiu- hand gently on the horse's nose, getting a little of the oil oil it. You can then lead him anywhere. Give him a little of the castor on a piece of loaf-sugar, apple, or potato. " Put eight drops of the oil of rhodium into a lady's thimble. Take the thimble between the tiiumb and middle finger of your right hand, with the fore-tinger stopping the mouth of the thimble to prevent the oil from running out whilst you are opening the mouth of the horse. " As soon as you have opened the horse's mouth, tip the thimble over upon his tongue, and he is your servant. He will follow you like a pet dog." Very doubtful. — [Author. Parriers^ JDepartmeni. A(\i '' ftide fearle?s and promptly, with vour knee pressed to the side of the horse, and your toes turned in and heels out; then you will always be on the alert for a shy or sheer from the horse, and he can never Uirow you. " If you want to teach him to lie down, stand on his nigh or left side; have a couple of leather straps, about six feet long; string up his left leg with one of them around his neck; strap the other end of it over his shoulders; hold it in your hand, and when you are ready, tell him to lie down, at the same time gently, firmly, and steadily pulling on the strap, touching him lightly with a switch. The horse will im- mediately lie down. Do this a few times, and you can make him lie down without the straps. " He is now your pupil and friend. You can teach him anything only be kind to him — be gentle. Love him and he will love you Feed him before you do yourself, shelter him well, groom him your- self, keep him clean, and at night always give him a good bed." It will be perceived, by reference to the following item from BdVs [Afe, that the secret for taming horses, by which Mr. Earey has made himself so rich and famous, instead of being a divination of his own Uras probably obtained by him through some accidental contact with an old volume, which has long disappeared from observation, and hardly keld a place in public libraries. A correspondent sends us the following: "In the Gentleman's Farrier, by Bartlett, (sixth edition) published in 1762, (one hundred fears ago,) page 293, is the following: ' The method proposed by Dr. Bracken, is to tie up one of the fore feet close, and to fasten a cord or small rope about the other fetlock, bringing the end of it over the horse's shoulders ; then let him be hit or kicked with your foot behind that knee, at the same time pulling his nose down strongly to the manger. You will bring him upon his knees, where he should be held kill he is tired which cannot be long, but if he does not lie down soon, let him be thrust sideways against his quarters, to throw him over; by forcing him down several times in this way, you may teach him to lie down, at the same words you first used for that purpose." You will see that Mr. Rarey's system is exactly the same. From the foregoing it will be seen that he ohtainedthe knowledge, and naturally possessing the firmness,/earfes« energy and muscle suffi- cient to back the whole, he has become the horse tamer of the world. Without all these qualifications no one need undertake the busi- ness, no matter how often he pays five dollars for recipes or instruc- Uon. 32 49iA Dr. Chase's Recipes: Pulmonary artery. Left auricle. Left ventricle. The trunk of the a Aorta anterior. Aorta posterior. Ajiillary artery. 6. Internal pcctor Right verteV.ral ar RiRhtcarrticlnrte Left e.arotul. 10 Left, vertebr.nl Occipital artery. Bifurcation of tlie Internal carotid. Internal niaxilLary Sub-niaxiUury. 6 -J .^ca»-icico.*nS®t*oooo^2!2Z!i2 S t- 2£§5 49iB Dr. Chase's Recipes. APPENDIX TO FARPIER8' DEPARTMENT. BY THE PUBLISHER. ENGLISH RECIPES.— The following Recipes are very usetul: Horse Ointmeut.— Resin, -4 ozs.; bees' wax, 3 ozs. ; hog's lard, 3^ \^. ; common turpentine, 6 ozs. j dissolve in a pipkin with gentle heat; t Ilea add 2 ozs. of fine verdigris, stir well together, and straic the whole I hi ough a coarse cloth; cool for use. This is a good oiiit^nent for a wound, or bruise in flesh or hoof, broken knees, galled tacks, bites, cracked heels, mallenders, or, when a horse is gelded, to hoal and keep off the flies. Purge for a Horse. — Aloes, 1 oz. ; rhubarb, 2 drs. ; ril of mint, 4 drops, made into a ball with honey. Cordial for a Horse. — If the horse is weak through travel, giyt him a pint of warm ale, with 1 oz. of diapente in it. Diapente will comfort his bowels, drive out cold and wind, and may cause him to carry his food the longer. Diapente is composed of ge,itian root, bay berries, bay leaves, birthwort, mmt, and myrrh. Sore Back.— If the saddle bruises his back and m:«kes it swell, h greasy dishcloth laid on hot, and a cloth over it, bvyund on fifteen minutes, (with a surcingle), and repeated once or twice, will sink it flat. If it is slight, wash it with a little salt and water only, Alter the sad- dle, that it may not press on the tender part, for a seond bruise will be worse than the first. Spliut.— The splint is a fixed, callous, bony exciescence, growing, upon the flat of the inside or outside; of the shark bo American or sinikey oil, 3 ozs. Mix well and apply it to the part aftected, nfter the nitre of silver has been used; apply this every few days, until it heals up; the cleaner you keep the part the better. Stiff Shoulders or Sweeney. — Bowel from the top of the shoulder blade down as far as there is no pealing: first, cut through the skin, and then two thin fibres or strippings; use the blunt needle, move it back and forward five or six inches; draw in a tape or seton, and the next morning wet it with the tincture of cantharides; do this every other day, move them every day — wash the part clean — let the tape stay in until the matter changes to blood ; this is for both diseases — let hiiii run out if possible; he will be well in six or eight weeks; if for sweenejf you mav work him all the time. Hoof Itouna or Tender Feet.— Cause of this is fever in the feet. Founder, or gravel, the symptoms are hot feet and a drawing in one inch from the top of the feet at the heels. Never have the feet spread at the heels nor rasped above the nail holes, for it will do the foot an injury. Follow the directions given here. Use either the hoof oint- ment or the hoof liquid; npply it according to the printed directions. For hoof bound or tender feet, apply it all around the top of the hoof down one inch every third day ; if for split hoof, apply it every day. First, have a stifl; shoe on the foot, and cleanse the cut or crack. Never cut or burn for it. Hoof Ointment.— Take resin, 4 ozs.; bees' wax, 6 ozs.; lard, 2 lbs.; melt together, pour it into a pot, and turpentine, 3 ozs.; finely powder- ed verdigris, 2 ozs.; tallow, 1 lb,— stir all until it gets cool. This i.s one of the best medicines for the hoof ever used. It is good for cork.-^ or bruises of the feet. Follow the directions. Hoof Liquid.— For tender feet, hoof bound, etc. Linseed-oil, or neatstbot oil, % pt., of either; turpentine, 4 ozs. ; oil of tar, 6 Ozs. ; ori- ganum, 13 ozs. ; shake this well and apply it as the directions for the ointment tells. This is the best if the horse has been lame long— it pent trates the hoof sooner than the ointment— both of them should l>c api^licd at night, so that the horse can go to work in the morninL;-. I'r M<'«'intment every other day ; do not use tlie horse until he is perfectly well, or it may cause the knees to break out again. Worms. — Symptoms — the horse eats, but will not thrive, his belly gets big, his hair stays. Cure. — Give one quart of strong tea, made of wormwood, at night, the next day give 7 drachms of aloes, 2 drachms calomel, make it into a ball and give it; give no cold water for forty-eight hours, make it milk w arm ; give him two or three bran-mashes, and some of the cleansing powder ; if he shows any more symptoms repeat the dose in three \Veeks. This will never fail. Physic Ball. — Aloes, ^ oz. ; gamboge, 3 drs. ; oil of juniper, 20 drops ; make into a pill with a few drops of molasses, wrap it up in thin paper and grease it, draw out the tongue with the left hand, place the gag in the mouth, and run the pill back with the right hand until it drops oft", let the head down and give a sup of water. First, prepare the horse by giving one or two mashes. Iodine Liniment. — Get one ounce of the grease iodine, one pint of »lco)iol, let this stand in the sun two days, and this is the tincture of iodine. Take 2 ounces of tincture and one-half pound of lard, mix 498 Appendix to Farriers^ Department. well, and you have the iodine ointment. This is used wherever the recipes refer to the ointment. Big or Milk Leg, — This is brought on by a hurt, a want of action in the absorbent system — it is dropsy of the muscles of the leg. Cork. — Apply the " Liquid Blisterer" every three hours until it l)listers, then in six hours grease with soft oil of any kind, then in eight days wash tlie part clean and apply it again — repeat it for three or four limes, then use the iodine ointment — if this does not remove it all, ap- ply tile spavin medicine; this will remove it all. Liquid Blisterer. — Talce alcohol, 1 pt. ; turpentine, ^ pt. ; aqua ammonia, 4 ozs. ; oil of origanum, 1 oz. ; apply this as spoken of every three hours until it blisters — do not repeat oftener than once in eight days, or seven at least, or it will kill the hair. Mange and Surfeit. — Caused by ruiiiang out in wet weather, over-driving and poor cleaning. Symptoms — the horse rubs and is itchy all over, broken out in scabs. Cube. — Bleed and physic, then take sulphur one-half lb., two lbs. of laid, mix well, grease the part affected every three or four days, stand the horse in the sun until all dries in, give him a few doses o\ the "Cleansing Powde'." How to Tame the Wild Horse. — Halter him, and then take tht warts from the leg, diy and powder, then blow it up his nose, then take the oil of rodium, drop a few drops on your hand, and rub it ovei his nose; this will make him follow you, and you can do anything you wish. I paid Perry Plancher $20 for this recipe; he is the Arabian horse tamer. How to Make a Horse Stand to be Castrated.— Put chloroform on a sponge and hold it to his nose a few seconds until he closes his eyes; remove it, and alter him. This can be given to perform any opera- tion — you can buy it at the drug store for seventy-five cents per pound. Spavin and Ringbone Medicine.— Take of cantharides, 2 ozs.; mercurial ointment, 4 ozs. ; tincture of iodine, 5 ozs. ; turpentine, 4 ozs. ; corrosive sublimate, 5 drs. ; mix well with 2 lbs. of lard, color it if you like. Follow the directions here given. If for ringbone or bone spavin, cut off the hair from the part affected and merely grease the lump with the ointment. Rub it in well with tiie naked hand. In two days grease the part with lard, and in four days wash it off with soap and water and apply the ointmenl again. So repeat it every four days. If for windgalls, or bog-spavin, or curb, apply the ointment every six days. Johnston's Liniment. — Oil of origanum, 1 oz. ; alcohol, 3^ pt. ; oil of cedar, 3^oz.; oil of cloves, J^ oz. ; turpentine, 3^oz. ; olive oil, 8 ozs. Shake all well. This is used for almost all complaints of the muscles. How to Cure Corns. — Take off the shoe, cut out the corns and drop in a few drops of muriatic acid, tlien make the shoes so they will not bear on the part affected. Apply the "Hoof Liquid" to the hoof to remove tiie fever. This is a sure treatment. I never knew it to fail. Opodeldoc— Take " alcohol, >^ gal. ; castile soap, 2 lbs.; gum camphor, 4 ozs. ; oil of amber, 2 ozs. ; place the alcohol into a pot in hot water, shave up the soap and keep it hot until all dissolves, and you have the old original opodeldoc. Fresh Wounds.— First, stop the blood by tying the arteries, or b./ applying the following wash: Nitre of silver, 4 grs. ; soft water, 1 oz ; wet the wound with this and then di-av the edges together by stitclics one inch apart, then wash clean, and if any swelling in twent5'-four liours, bleed, and .•U)ply tlie "Blue OJntnen(,''or at^y of the liniments spoken of. Keep tiie bowels open. Appendix h Farriers' Department. 499 Green Ointment. — Take 6 pounds of lard, put into a 10 gallon ket- tle, add 2 gallons of water, cut jlmpson weeds, and fill them in and cook them four to six hours, slow, and cook all the water out, then put into jars, add to each pound of ointment one ounce of lurijentine. This is a ciieap and good stable ointment — good for scratcnes, galls, cuts, etc. Lampers. — All young horses are liable to this trouble — it is noth- ing but inflammation of the gums. Cure. — Bleed, or scarify the gums — never burn, for it spoils the teeth, and adds to tlie cause of the disease. Give a bran mash, rub the gums with salt — give the "Cleansing Powders." How to Make the Drops to Make Old Horses Young, or Get Up and Howl I— Take tlie tincture of asafoidita, 1 oz. ; tincture of canthar- ides, 1 oz. ; oil of anise, 1 02. ; oil of cloves, I oz. ; oil of cinnamon, 1 oz. ; antimony, 2 ozs. ; fenugreek, 1 oz. ; fourth proof brandy, J^ gal. ; let it stand ten or twelve days, and give ten drops in a pail of water — or one gallon. How to Make Ointment Like Sloan's. — Take mutton tallow, 4 ib.^. ; bees' wax, \^ lb. : resin, 3^ lb. ; turpentine, 3 ozs. ; melt over a •ire, and when partly cold add the turpentine, and you have the same >intraent Sloan sells to cure everything — try it, and prove its value. Button Farcin. — Cause, over heat, high feeding, and no exercise, "lymptoms — the limbs swell up and break out in running sores. Core. — In first stages bleed and physic, then take gentian, 2 ozs. ; •jfinger, 8 ozs. ; make this into a stiff paste, divide into twelve parts, idd to each part separately 10 grains of arsenic, make into pills, give one morning and evening, until it makes his mouth sore, then wash the sores clean, and apply the " Blue Ointment" to the wounds — if not much better in three weeks — bleed and repeat the pills. Apply the Jifferent liniments to the legs if they swell. Be careful not to get the 'natter on a wound, or it will kill j'ou. Water Farcy. — This is a swelling along under the chest, and for- ward to the breast. Bleed, rowel in the breast, and all along the ewelling, six inches apart, apply the " General Liniment" to the swelling, move the rowels every day, let them stay in until the swelling goes down. Give soft food, ma?hes, with the "Cleansing Powder" in ^t — this is dropsy. Many causes for it. See Yoat's work on it. Diabetes— too Free Discharge of Urine, or Cannot Hold His ffater. — Cure — Give % oz. of the tincture of cantharides every morn- ing for ten or twelve days, and if not entirely well repeat it again, and bleed one gallon from the neck — give clean food — the cause is rotton or musty grain, or too free use of turpentine — keep him open with mashes and green food. Contraction of TeudoMS of the Neck. — Symptoms — often the head Is drawn around to one side, again, the horse cannot get his head to the ground. Cause of this is spraining the horse, and rheumatism pro- duces the contraction. Cuke. — If it is taken in the first stages, bleed from the neok two gal- lons, then foment or bathe the i)art well with liot water, rub it dry and take the "General Liniment" and apply it every day, two or three times; this will cure it if it is of long standing; then blister all along the part affected with the " Liquid Blister"; do this every three weeks until he is well, and rub witli the " White Ointment.'' For Rheumatism. — Take alcohol, % pt. ; oil of origanum, % oz. ; cayenne, }4, <^*^" '■< gum myrrh, J^oz. ; one tea-spoon of lobelia, and let all «tand over night, then bathe the part affected. This is the bestmedi- Jonathan." — Take alcohol, 1 i^ozs. ; spirits of salts (muriatic acid) % oz.; linseed-oil, 8 ozs. ; best vinegar, % pt. ; and butter of anti- mony, \% ozs.; mix, putting in the vinegar last. It is an excellent reviver, making furniture look nearly equal tt new, and really giving a poljsh to new woik, always shaking it uv used. But if you cannot get the butter of antimony, the follow ing wil be the next best thing: 3. Polish for Removing Stains, Spois, and Mildew, from Fur. niture. — Take of 98 per cent, alcohol, % P^ 5 pulverized resin and gun shellac, of each }^ oz. Let these cut in the alcohol; then add linset d oil, % pt; shake well, and apply with a sponge, brush, or cotton flan- nel, or an old newspaper, rubbing it well after the api^lieation, which gives a nice polish. These are just the thing for new furniture when soJd and about tt be taken out of the shop ; removing the dust and giving the new ap pearance again. 4. Jet, or Polish for Wood or Leather, Black, Bed, or Bine, — Alcohol (98 per cent.),l pt. ; sealing wax, the color desired, 3 sticks: dissolve by heat, and have it warm when applied. A sponge is the bes* to apply it with. For black on leather it is best to apply copperas water first, to savb extra coats; and paint wood the color desired also, for the same reason. On smooth surfaces, use the tallow and rorten stone as in the first pol'sh. It may be applied to carriage-bodies, cartridge-boxes, dashes, fancy baskets, str.iw bonnets, straw hats. etc. FURNITURE— Finishing with ouly One Coat of Tarnish, dp* Cabinet Makers' DepartmenL ^ot •wfagr Glue, Paste, or Shellac. — Take boiled linseed-oil and give the furniture a ooat with a brush ; then immediately sprinkle diy whiting upon it and rub it in well with your hand, or a brush which is worn rather short and stiff, over all the surface — the whiting absorbs the oil; and the pores of the wood are thus tilled with a perfect coat of putty, which will last for ages; and water will not spot it nor have any effect upon it For mouldings and deep creases in turned work, you can mix themj quite thick, and apply them together, with the old brush; but on' smooth su'faces, the hand and dry whiting are best. If black walnut is the wood to be finished, you will put a trifle of burned umber in the whiting, — if for ciierry, a little Venetian-red; beech or maple will re- quire less red. Only sufficlnnt is to be used, in either case, to make the whiting the color of the wood being finished. Bedstead-posts, banis- ters, or standards for bedsteads, and all other turned articles, can have the finish put on in the lathe, in double quick time; spreading a news- paper on the lathe to save the scattering whiting, applying it with tne hand or hands, having an old cloth to rub off the loose whiting vvhicli ioes not enter the pores of the wood, — the same with smooth surfaces \l80. This preparation Is cheau; and it is a wonder that furniture men aave not thought of it before. Three coats of varnish wirhout it are flot as level as one with it. From the fact that some of the varnish enters the pores of the wood and does not dry smooth; but with the pores filled with this preparation, of course it must dry smooth and Nevel, without rubbing down. STAINS— Mahogany on Walnut, Natural as Nature.— Apply •quafortis by means of a rag tacked to a stick; for if you use a bi'ush it will very soon destroy it. Set the furniture in the hot sun to heat in "•he aquafortis; if no sun, heat it in by a stove or fire. It is better if heated in, but does quite well without heating. Finish ip in every other way as usual. This finish is applicable to fancy tables, stands, lounges, coffins, etc., and equally beautiful on knots and crotches, giving walnut the actual appearance of mahogany, and as it is appearawces only that most people depend upon, why will this not do as well as to transport tim- ber from beyond the seas? 2. Rose- wood Stain, Very Bright Shade— Use Cold.— Take alcohol, 1 gal.; camwood, 2 ozs. ; let them stand in a warm place 24 hours; then add extract of logwood, 3 ozs. ; aquafortis, 1 oz. ; and when dissolved it is ready for use; it makes a very bright ground, like the most beautiful rose-wood — one, two, or more coats, as you desire, over the whole surface. This part makes the bright streaks or grains; the dark ones are made by applying, in waves, the following: Take the iron turnings or chippings, and put vinegar upon them; let it stand a few hours and it is ready to applj' over the other, by means of a comb made for graining; or a comb made from thinnish India-rubber; the teeth should be rather good length, say half an inch, and cut close together, or further apart, as desired; and with a little practice, excellent imitation will be made. This, for chairs, looks very beautiful to apply the darkening mix- ture by means of a flat, thin-haired brush, leaving only a little of the red color in sight; and if you want to make the cringles, as sometimes seen in rose-wood, it is done with a single tooth or pen, bearing on sometimes hard and then light, etc., etc. All can and must be got by practice. 5oi Dr. Chase's Recipes. The above stain is very bright. It", however, you wish a low«» shade, use the next recipe. 3. Rose- wood Stain— Light Sliade.— Talve equal parts of log- wood and redwood chips, and boil well in justsutiicieat water to make a strong stain; apply it to the furniture while hot; 1 or 2, or even 3 coats may be put on, one directly after the other, according to the depth of color desired. For the dark lines, use the iron chippings as in the above recipie. Or, if a rose-pink is desired, use the following: 4. Rose-Pink, Stain and Yarnish, also Used to Imitate Rose-wood. — Put an ounce of potash into a quart of water, with red- sanders, X}^. ozs.; extract the color from the wood, and strain; then add gum shellac, )^ lb. ; dissolve it by a quick fire. Used upon logwood stain for rose-wood imitation. 5. Black Walnut Stain. — Whenever persons are using walnut whicli has sap-edges, or if two pieces are being glued together which are diflferent in shade, or when a poplar pannel, or other wood, is desired to be used to imitate black walnut, you will find the following to give excellent satisfaction : Spirits of turpentine, 1 gal.; pulverized gum asphaltum, 2 lbs Put them into an iron kettle and place upon a stove, which prevents the possibility of fire getting at the turpentine; dissolve by heat fre- quently stirring until dissolved. Put into a jug or can while hot. When desired to use any of it, pour out and reduce with turpeu tine to the right shade for the work being stained With a little prac- tice you can make any shade desired. If used with a brush over a red stain, as mentioned in the rose-wood stain recipes, especially for chaii% and bedsteads, it very nearly resembles that wood. Mixing a little var nish with the turpentine when reducing it prevents it from spotting and causes it to dry quicker. By rubbing a little lamp-black with it, you can make it a perfect black, if desired. 6. Cherry Stain.— Take rain water, 3 qts. ; anotta, 4 ozs. ; boh in a copper kettle until the anotta is dissolved ; then put in a piece of potash the size of a common walnut, and keep it on the fire about halt an hour longer, and it is readj'^ for use. Bottle for keeping. This makes poplar or other light-colored woods so near the colov of cherry that it is hard to distinguish ; and even improves the appear ance of liglit-colored cheiTy. VARNISHES— Black, with Asphaltum.— Spirits of turpentine, 'i gal.; pulverized gum asphaltum, 2)^ lbs.; dissolve by heat, over t- stove fire. It is applied to iron, frames of door plates, back-grounds, in crystal painting, etching upon glass and also for fence-wire, or screens which are to go into water above mills to turn leaves and drift-wood, etc. 3. Patent Varnish, for Wood or Canvass.- Take spirits of turpen- tine, Igal. ; asphaltum, 234 lbs.; put them into an iron kettle which will fit upon a stove, and dissolve the gum by heat. When dissolved and a little cool, add copal varnish, 1 pt, and boiled linseed-oil, )^ pt. When cold it is ready for use. Perhaps a little lamp-black would make it a more perfect black. If done over a common fire, the turpentine will be very likely to take fire and be lost, and perhaps fire the house or your clothes. This is valuable for wood, iron, or leather ; but for cloth, first make a sizing by boiling flax-seed, one quart, in water, one gallon ^ applying of this for the first coat; the second coat of common thick black paint; and lastly a coat of the varnish. Some think that sperm oil, the saioe quantity, makes a little better gloss. Cabinet Makers^ Department. 503 S. Yarnisli, Transparent, for Wood. — Best alcohol, 1 gal. ; nice ^tri shellac, 2% lbs. Place the ju^ or bottle in a situation to keep it just a little warm, and it will dissolve quicker than if hot or left cold. This varnish is valuable for plows, or any other article where you wish to show the grain of the wood, and for pine, when you wish to tinish up rooms with white, as the " Porcelain Finish." A coat or two of it effectually prevents the pitch from oozing out, which would stain fhe finish. If this stands in an open dish, it will become thick by evaporation ; In such cases add a little more alcohol, and it is as good as before. Some do use as much as three and a half pounds of shellac, but it is too thick to spread well; better apply two or more coats, if necessary. When a black varnish is wanted, you can rub lamp-black with this, for that purpose, if preterr*^ before the asphaltum, last given. BABBERS' AND TOILET DEPARWEM HAIR DYE— In Two Numbers* -No. 1.— Take gallic acid, 3^oz.. alcohol, 8 ozs. ; soft water, 16 ozs. ; put the acid in the alcohol, then add the water. No. 2. — Take for No. 2, orystalized nitrate of silver, 1 oz. ; ammo- nia, strongest kind, 3 ozs. ; gum arabic, }4 oz. ; soft water, 6 ozs. Ob- serve, in making it, that the silver is to be put into the ammonia, and not corked until it is dissolved ; the gum is to be dissolved in th*' water, then all mixed, and it is ready for use. Barbers will probably make this amount at a time, as it comes much cheaper than in small quantities ; but if families or others, fo' individual use, only wish a little, take drachms, instead of ounces, which you see will make only one-eighth of the amount. Directions fok Applying. — First, wash the whiskers or haii with the "shampoo,'^ and rinse out well, rubbing with a towel until nearly dry ; then with a brush apply No. 1, wetting completely, and use the dry towel again to remove all superfluous water: then with another brush (tooth-brushes are best,) wet every part with No. 2, and it becomes instantaneously black ; as soon as it becomes dry, wash ofl with hard water, then with soap and water ; apply a little oil, and all is complete. The advantages of this dye are, that if you get any stain upon the skin, wipe it otf with a cloth at the time, and the washing removes all appearances of stain ; and the whiskers or hair never turn red, do not crack, and are a beautiful black. However, cyanuret of potassium, 1 dr., to 1 oz. of water, will take oflF any stain upon the skin, arising from nitrate of silver; but it is poison, and should not touch sore places nor be left where childreu may get at it. Persons whose hair is prematurely gray, will find dye less trouble in using, than the restoratives; for when once applied, nothing more needs being done for several weeks ; whilst the restoratives are only slow dyes, and yet need several applications. But that all may have the chance of choosing for themselves, I give you some of the best re- storatives in use. HAIR BESTORATIYES AND INVIGORlTORS. — Equal to Wood's, for a Trifling Cost. — Sugar of lead, borax, and lac-sulphur, of each, 1 oz. ; aqua ammonia, ^ oz. ; alcohol, 1 gill. These articles to stand mixed for 14 hours; then add bay rum, 1 gill ; fine table salt, 1 table-spoon ; soft water, 3 pts. ; essence of bergamot, 1 oz. This preparation not only gives a beautiful gloss, but will cause hair to grow upon bald heads, arising from all common causes ; and turn gray hair to a dark color. Manner of Application. — When the hair is thin or bald, make two applications daily, until this amount is used up, unless the hair has come out sufficiently to satisfy you before that time ; work it to the Barbers' and Toilet Department. 505 ^K)t8 of the hair with a soft brush or the ends of the fingers, rubbing well each time. For gray hair one application daily is sufficient. It is harmless, and will do all that is claimed for it, does not cost only a trifle in comparison to the advertised restoratives of the day, and will be found as good or better than most of them. 2. Invigirotor. — Vinegar of cantharides, 1 oz. ; cologne- water, I oz. ; and rose-water, 1 oz. ; mixed and rubbed to the roots of the hair, until the scalp smarts, twice daily, has been very highly recom- mended for bald heads, or where the hair is falling out. If there is no fine hair on the scalp, no restorative nor invigor- ator on earth can give a head of hair. See remarks after No. 8. 3. Another. — Lac-sulphur and sugar of lead, of each, 1 dr. ; tan- nin and pulverized copperas, each, 32 grs. ; rose-water, 4 ozs. ; wetting the hair once a day for 10 or 12 days, then once or twice a week will keep up the color. If it is desired only to change gray hair to a dark color, the last ^ill do it; but where the hair is falling out, or has already fallen, the irst is lequired to stimulate the scalp to healthy action. 4. Another. — Lac-sulphur and sugar of lead, of each, 1 oz. ; pul- verized litharge (called lithrage), 1% ozs. ; rain water, 1 qt. ; applying » mornings and skipping 3, until 9 applications — give a nice dark "Olor. I obtained this of one of the Friends, at Richmond, Ind., and for •urning white or gray hair, it is a good one. The litharge sets the grow m ; it is a good one ; so is the one following it. Take baj' rum, 1 pt. ; "alcohol, % P*- ? castor oil, % oz. ; carbonate of ammonia, J^ oz. ; tincture of cantharides, % oz. Mix, and shake when used. Use it daily, until the end is attained. / 7. Another. — Carbonate of ammonia, 1 oz., rubbed up in 1 pt. of sweet oil. Apply daily until the hair stops falling out, or is sufficiently grown out. The last is spoken of very highly in England, as a producer of hair, " where the hair ought to ^row," and does not. 8. Strong sage tea, as a daily wash, is represented to stop hair from falling out ; and what will stop it from falling, is an invigorator, and consequently good. There is not a liniment mentioned in this book, but which, if well rubbed upon the scalp daily for two or three months, will bring out a good head of hair. When the scalp has become glossy and shining, however, and no fine hair growing, you may know that the hair foln- tion of the complexion. Rise early, and go to bed early. Take a plenty of exercise. Keep %he pores of the skin open by perfect cleanliness. Be moderate in eat- ing and drinking. Do not often frequent crowded assemblies, and ihun cosmetics, and washes for the skin. We will give a few harmless recipes. But most of the powders and washes used dry up the skin, and in the end make it rough. Be careful always in washing to wipe your skin dry, particularly your hands; rub them briskly for some time. If hands are left moist after washing, they will chap, crack and become red. Honey is ex- cellent to rub over chapped hands, or anoint them with cold cream or glycerine before retiring to rest. If you desire to make your hands delicate, wash them in hot milk und water for a day or two; on retiring to rest rub them with palm oil, and put on gloves ; wash them well in the morning. Lime w ater, lemon-juice, or sour-milk will remove the sunburn from hands. Above nil, keep the nails scrupulously clean. Complexion, to Improve it. — Be cheerful; get as much fresh air m-doors and out-doors, as possible. Keep in health; promote a good digestion, and regular evacuations; avoid alcoholic drinks; a milk and vegetable diet makes a fair complexion ; plain living, without condi- ments and hot seasonings, etc,, makes the fairest face. It is good to rise early in the morning, drink a cup of milk, walk into the fields, wash the face in sparkling dew, gaze on creation, below, above, and all around you, till mental pleasure beams forth on your face in radiant smiles. Check the eflFects of grief, disappointments, embarrassments, etc. Dissolve flour of sulphur in milk, and strain. With the clear milk wash the face. Or infuse sifted bran in best vinegar ; add, well beaten, the yolks of 3 or 4 eggs, and 1 gr. of ambergris. Distill. Bottle, and cork well. Or, Castile soap, 4 ozs. ; Fuller's earth water, 1 quart. Dissolve. Add '^ oz. of spirits of wine, and 1 dr. each of oil of laven- der and rosemary. Fuller's earth water is made by merely dissolving it in water, stirring well, and then let it settle. This earth alone is good for the complexion. Cutaneous Eruptions. — The following mixture is very useful in all cutaneous eruptions: Ipecacuanha wine, 4 drs. flour of sulphur, 2 drs. ; tincture of cardamums, 1 oz. Mix; 1 teaspoon to be taken three times a day, in a wineglass of water. Wash for a Blotched Face.— Rose water, 3 ozs. ; sulphate of zinc, I dr. Mix; wet the face with it, gently dry it, and then touch it over with cold cream, which also dry gently off. FeuuUe Dross. — U ia well known tiiat a loose and easy dress con- 510 Appendix to Barbers' and Toilet Department. tributes much to give the sex the fine proportions of body that ar^ observable in the Grecian statues, and which serve as models to oui present artists, nature being too much disfigured among us to affoid any such. The Greeks knew nothing of those Gothic shackles, thnt multiplicity of ligatures and bandages with which our bodies are com- pressed. Their women were ignorant of the use of whalebone stays, by which ours distort their shape instead of displaying it. This prac- tice, carried to so great an excess as it is in America, must in time degenerate the species, besides being in bad taste. Can it be a pleas;int sight to behold a woman cut in two in tlie middle, as if she were like a wasp? On the contrary, it is as shocking to the eye as it is painful to the imagination. A fine shape, like the limb, hath its due size and proportion, a diminution of which is certainly a defect. Such a de- formity also would be shocking in a naked figure; wherefore, then, should it be esteemed a beauty in one that is dressed ? Everylhingtliut confines and lays nature under restraint is an instance of bad taste. This is as true in regard to the ornaments of the bodj' as to the em- bellishments of the mind. Life, health, reason, and convenience ought to be taken first into consideration. Gracefulness cannot subsist without ease; delicacy* is not debility; nor must a woman be sick in order to please. — Rousseau. Camphorated Dentifrice. — Prepared chalk, 1 lb ; camphor, 1 or 2 drs. The camphor must be finely powdered by moistening it with a little spirit of wine, and then intimately mixing it with the chalk. Myrrli Dentifrice. — Powdered cuttlefish, 1 lb. ; powdered myrrh, 2 ozs. American Tooth Powder. — Coral, cuttlefish bone, dragon's blood, ol each 8 drs. ; burnt alum and red sanders, of each 4 drs. ; orris root, 8 drs.; cloves and cinnamon, of each 3^ dr.; vanilla, 11 grs. ; rosewood, 3^ dr. ; rose pink, 8 drs. All to be finely powdered and mixed. Quinine 'J'ooth Powder. — Rose pink, 2 drs. ; percipitated chalk, 12 drs.; carbonate of magnesia, 1, dr.; quinine (sulphate), 6 grs. All to be well mixed together. Depilatory — To renioye superfluous Hairs. — Saturate the part well with fine oil. In about an hour, wipe it off"; then take finely powder- ed quick lime, 1 oz. ; powdered orpiment, 1 dr. ; mix with white of eggi and apply with a small brush. Tartar— To Remove From the Teeth.— Brush the teeth often up and down, not horizontally, with soap, then with salt. Eating fruit or oat-cake, cleanses the teeth greatly. In using the tooth brush the friction ought never to cause the gums to bleed. FRECKLES. — A cutaneous affection of the countenance to which persons of florid complexion are greatly subject, especially females with auburn hair. Freckles are small yellow spots that break out over the face in the hot period of summer, and by their number gfve a stained and unpleasant appearance to the countenance. A still more obstinate form of freckles appears in the winter, often proceeding from a disordered state of the stomach. The best treatment for this form of eruption is to take a three-grain blue pill for two nights, and on the third morning a sedlitz powder,— using the following wash twice a day —and the application, at bedtime of a little white elder-flower ointment rubbed into tiie skin of the face. Wash for tlie Face.— Take of sal ammoniac, powdered, 1 dr. ; boiling water, 1 pt. ; dissolve and strain, adding, when cold, spirits of rosemarv, }4 oz. ; Liveiuler water, 2 drs. Mix, and use as directed; or u little magnesia, taken occasionally as a corrective, and a lotion tor tht Appendix to Barbers* and Toilet Department. 511 face, to be used twice a day, composed of 8 ozs. of elder-flower water in which 4 grs. of corrosive sublimate liave been dissolved, may be sub- Btituted. The Irish peasantry are in the habit of washing their faces with buttermilk as a cosmetic, and with great success. An excellent wash for freckles is made by scraping some horseradish very fine, and let- ting it stand for some hours in buttermilk, then straining, and using the wash night and morning. Some pej-sons prescribe citric acid, dissolved in water, of a strength sufficient to produce a slight pricking sensation. Tha juice of a lemon, squeezing into half a tumbler of water, is, however, a more certain means to effect the same result; or a little glycerine, mixed witli elder- flower v/ater, may be tried as a cosmetic wash. Any of these prepara- tions, however, are useful, especially when assisted" by the alteratives of magnesia, blue pill, and eeidlitz powder. To Remoye Freckles. — Powdered nitre, moistened with water and ipplied to the face night and morning will soon remove freckles with- -iut injury to the skin. Freckles. — To disperse them, take 1 oz. of lemon juice; 34 dr. of oowdered borax, and "%, steeping in it 1 dr. of alkanet root, with a gentle heat, until the desired tint is produced. Oil of Boses. — Olive oil, 2 pts. ; otto of roses, 1 dr. ; oil of rose> mary, 1 dr. ; mix. It may be colored red by steeping a little alkanet root in the oil (with heat) before scenting it. POMATUMS. — For making pomatums, the lard, fat, suet, or mar. row must be carefully prepared by being melted with as gentle a heat as possible, skimmed, strained, and cleared from the dregs which are depo.sited on standing. Common Pomatum. — Mutton suet, prepared as above, 1 lb.; lard, 3 lbs. ; carefUily melted together, and stirred constantly as it cools, 3 ozs. of bergamot being added. Hard Pomatum. — Lard and mutton suet carefully prepared, of each 1 lb. ; wliite wax, 4 ozs,; essence of bergamot, 1 oz. To Clean Kid Gloves. — Make a strong lather with curd soap and warm water, in which steep a small piece of new flannel. Place the glove on a flat, clean, and unyielding surface — such as the bottom of a dish, and having thoroughlj' soaped the flannel (when squeezed from the lather), rub the kid till all the dirt be removed, "cleaning and re- soaping the flannel from time to time. Care must be taken to omit no part of the glove, by turning the fingers, etc. The gloves must be dried in the sun, or before a moderate fire, and will present the appearance of old parchment. When quite dry, they must be gradually " pulled out," and will look new. To Clean French Kid Gloves. — Put the gloves on your hand and wash them, as if you were washing your iiands, in some spirits of tur- pentine, until quite clean; then hang them in a warm place, or wli^re there is a current of air, and all smell of the turpentine will be reuj'-v- Appendix io Barbers' and Toilet Deparhneni, 513 ed. The method is practised in Paris, and since its introduction into this countr) , thon8an•; then add, in small quantities at a time, 8 ozs. of rose water. The enuilsion thus formed should be strained through a fine cloth, and the residue again pounded, while the strained fluid should be bottled in a large stoppered vial. To the pasty mass in the mortar add }4. oz- of suo-ar, and 8 ozs. of rose water, and strain again. This process must be"repeated three times. To tlie 32 ozs. of fluid, add 20 grs. of the bi- chloride of mercury, dissolved in 2 ozs. of alcohol, and shake the mix- ture for five minutes. The fluid should be applied with a towel, imme- diateiy after waihiag, and the skia geiitly rubbed with a dry ftloth till Append*x to Barbers' and Toilet Department. 515 perfectly dry. Wilson, in his woi'k on Healtliy Skin, writes as follows : " Substances are sold by the perfumers called depilatories, which are represented as having the power of 1 amoving hair. But the hair is not destroyed by tliese means, the root and that part of tlie shaft im- planted within the skin still remain, and are ready to shoot up with increased vigor as soon as the depilatory is withdrawn. The effect of the depilatory is the same, in this respect, as that of a razor, and the latter is, unquestionably, the better remedy. It must not, however, be imagined that depilatories are negative remedies, and that, if they do no permanent good, they xre, at least, harmless; that is not the fact; they are violent irritants, and require to be used with the utmost cau- tion. * * * * After ill, the safest depilatory is a pair of tweezers, and patience " TO CLEAN HAIR-BRUSHES.— As hot water and soap very soon soften the hair, and rubbing completes its destruction, iise soda, dis- solved In cold water, instead; soda having an affinity for grease, it gleans the brush with 'little friction. Do not set them near the tire, oor in tiie sun, to dry, but after shaking them well, set them on the \»oint of the handle in a shady place. A ROMAN LADY'S TOriET.— The toilet of a Roman lady in- ^rolved an elaborate and very costly process. It commenced at night, vi'hen the face, supposed to have been tarnished by exposure, was over- bid with a poultice composed of boiled or moistened flour, spread on with the fingers. Poppsean unguents sealed the lips, and the lady was f.rofusely rubbed with Cerona ointment. In the morning, the poultice »vid unguents were washed off, a bath of asses' milk imparted a deli- together gently in an earthen vessel, and when nearly cold stir ii> gradually 12 ozs. of rose water. 2. White wax and spermaceti, of each y^ oz. ; oil of almonds, 4 ozs. : orange-flower water, 2 ozs. Mix as di- rected for No. 1. TO SOFTEN THE SKIN AND IMPROYE THE COMPLEXION.— If flour of sulphur be mixed in a little milk, and after standing an hour or two, the milk (without disturbing the sulphur) be rubbed into the skin, it will keep it soft, and make the complexion clear. It is to be used before washing. A lady of our acquaintance, being exceed- ingly anxious about her complexion, adopted the above suggestion. In about a fortniight she wrote to us to say that the mixture became so disagreeable after it had been made a few days, that she could not use k. We should have wondered if she could — the milk became putrid ! A ittle of the mixture should have been prepared over night with sveoing milk, and used the next morning, but not afterwards. About a wine-gluss made for each occasion would suffice. EYELASHES.- Themodeadoptedbythebeautiesof the East to iDoreaee the length and strengfeh of their eyelashes, is simplj'- to clip A^endix to Baybcrs and Toilet Departrrktrit. 517 the split ends with a pair of scissors about once a month. Mothers pei-form the operation on their children, both male and female, when they are mere infants, watching the opportunity whilst they sleep. The practice never fails to produce the desired effect. We recommend it to the attention of our fair readers, as a safe and innocent means of en- hancing the charms which so many of them, no doubt, already possess. THE TEKTH.— Dissolve 2 ozs. of borax in 3 pts. of water; before quite cold, add tlieieto 1 tea-spoon of tincture of myrrh, and 1 table- spoon of spirits of camphor; bottle the mixture for use. One wlne- fgla?s of the solution, added to half a pint of tepid water, is sufiicienl Tor each application Tliis solution, applied daily, preserves and beau- tifies the teeth, extirpates tartaroui; adhesion, produces a pearl-like whiteness, arrests decay, and induces a healthy action in the gums. WASH— For Sunburn.— Take 2 drs. of "borax, 1 dr. of Roman alum, 1 dr. of camphor, \^ oz. of i?ugar candy, and 1 lb. of ox-ofall. Mix and stir well for ten minutes or so. and repeat this stirring three or four times a day for a fortnight, till it appears clear and transpar- #nt. Strain through blotting-paper, and bottle up for use. Wash— For Cleansing and Preventing tlie Hair from Falling Off. ^T*ike three handfuls of rosemary leaves, a small lump of common soda, and \% drs. of camphor. Pu^. in a jug, with a quart of Doilini water, and cover closely, to keep ilie steam in. Let it stand for twelve hours, then strain it, and add a vvine-glass of rilra. This will keep good for six months, in bottles weU corked, and a f)iece of camphor in each. If the hair falls off much, the wash ought to be applied to the roots, with a piece of sponge, every other day. Wash — For a Blotched Face, — Uose-water, 3 07s. ; sul luiteof zinc, { dr. Mix. Wet the face with it, gently dry it, and then touch it over «vith cold <;ream, which also dry gently off. Wash — For the Arm-Pits after Sweating.— One quart of spring water; tincture of myrrh, J oz ; sulphate of zinc, 3^ oz. Mix, and sponge. WASHING, Made Ea!»y. — One of the best bleaching and emolient itgents in washing either the person or clothing, is common refined borax. Dissolve in hot water, % lb. to 10 Kals ; a great saving in soap Is effected by its use. The borax should be pulverized first. It may be procured in the form of crystals at aiy druggisfs. It will not in- jure the most delicnte fahr'",; and lices or other fine tissues may be ^aahad iu a solat»oo of Iv^ax with ^^d^autage to color, etc. BAKERS' AND COOKING DEPARTMENT, REMARKS. — It may not be considered out of place to make a few remarks here, on the art, as also on the principles, of cookery. For nearly all will acknowledofe cooking not only to be an art, but a science, as well. To know how to cook economically is an art. Milk- ing money is an art. Now is there not more money made and lost in the kitchen than almost any where else ? Does not many a hardwork- ing man have his substance wasted in the kitchen ? Does not many a shiftless man have his substance saved in the kitchen ? A careless cook can waste as much as a man can earn, which might as well be savei!. It Is not what we earn, as much as what we save, that makes us well- off. A long and happy life is the reward of obedience to nature's laws: and to be independent of want, is not to want what we do not nec'l. Prodigality and idleness constitute a crime against humanity. Bur frugality and industry, combined with moral virtue and intelligence, will insure individul happiness and national prosperity. Economy ij^ an institute of nature and enforced by Bible precept: " Gather up thv fragments, that nothing be lost." Saving is a more difficult art than earning, some people put dimes into their pies and puddings, where others put in cents; the cent dishes are tlie most healthy. Almost any woman can cook well, if she have plenty with which to do it; but tlie real science of cooking is to be able to cook a good meal, or dish, with but little out of wliich to make it. This is what our few I ecipes shall assist you in doing. As to the principles of cooking, remember that water ciranot be made more than boiling hot — no matter how much you iiasten the lire, you cannot hasten the cooking, of meat, potatoes, etc, one moment; a brisk boil is sufficient. When meat is to be boiled for eating, put it inlc boiling water at the beginning, by which its juices are preserved. But if you wish to extract these juices for soup or broth, cut tiie meatin small pieces, into cold water, and let it simmer slowly. The same principle holds good in baking, also. Make the oven the right heat, and give it time to bake througii, is tlie true plan ; if you at;empt to hurry it, yon only burn, instead of cooking it done. If you attempt the boiling to hurry, The wood only is wasted ; But, in attempting the baking to hurry, The food, as well, is'nt fit to be tasted. CAKES — ^Federal Cake.— Flour 2)^ lbs. ; pulverized white sugar,! ^ lbs.; fresh butter, lOozs. ; 5 eggs, well beaten; carbonate of ammonia, % oz.; water, 3^ pt., or milk is best if you have it. Grind down the ammonia, and rub it with the sugar. Rub the butter into the flour; now make a bowl of the flour, (unless you wish to work it up in a dish,) and put in the eggs, milk, sugar, etc., and mix well, and roll out to about a quarter of an inch in thickness; then cut oat with a round cutter, and place on tins so they touch each otl-er; tiakers" and Cookitig Department. 51^ •nd inste:u] if rising up thicker, in baking, they fill up the space be- tween, and make a square-looking cake, all attached together. While they are yet warm, drench over with white coarsely pulverized sugar. If they aie to be kept in a show-case, by bakers, you can have a board as large as the tin on which you bake them, and lay a dozen or more tinsf ul on top of each other, as you sprinkle on the sugar. ^ I cannot see why they are called "Federal," for really, they are good enough for any " Whig." Ammonia should be kept in a wide-mouthed bottle, tightly corked, as it is a ver}' volatile salt. It is known by various names, as " volatile salts." "sal volatile," "hartshorn " "hartshorn-shavings, etc., etc. It is used for smelling-bottles, fainting, as also in baking. 2. Boug:h-and-Ready Cake. — Butter or lard, 1 lb. ; molasses, 1 qt.; soda, 1 oz. ; milk or water, J^ pt. ; ground gingei-, 1 table-spoon; and a little oil of lemon; flour sufficient. Mix up the ginger in flour, and rub the butter or lard in, also dis- solve the soda in the milk or water; put in the molasses, and use the flour in which the ginger and butter is rubbed up, and sufficient more to make the dough of a proper consistence to roll out; cutthe.cakesout vith a long and narrow cutter, and wet the top with a little molasses ,nd water, to remove the flour from the cake; turn the top down into t pulverized white sugar, and place in an oven sufficiently hot for bread, nut keep them in only to bake, not to dry up. This, and the " Fede- ial," are great favorites in Pennsylvania, where they know what is %'ood, and have the means to make it; yet they are not expensive. 3. Sponge Cake, with Sour Milk. — Flour, 3 cups; fine white «ugar, 2 cups; 6 eggs; sour milk, 1^ cup, with saleratus. 1 tea-spoon. Dissolve the saleratus in the milk; beat the eggs separately; sift khe flour and sugar; first put the sugar into the milk and eggs, then Ihe flour, and stir all well together, using any flavoring extract which yrou prefer, 1 tea-spoon — lemon, however, is the most common. As boon as the flour is stirred in, put it immediately into a quick oven; mnd if it is all put into a common square bi-ead-pan, for which it makes (ihe right amount, it will require about twenty to thirty minutes to bake; if baked in small cakes, propoitionately less. 4. Spongre Cake, with Sweet Milk. — As sour milk cannot always je had, I give you a sponge cake with sweet milk : Nice brown sugar, \% cups; 3 eggs; sweet milk, 1 cup; flour, SJ^ cups; cream-of-tartar and soda, of each 1 tea-spoon ; lemon essence, 1 tea-spoon. Thoroughly beat the sugar and eggs together; mix the cream-of- tartar and soda in the milk, stirring in the flavor also; then mix in the fioiir, remembering that all cakes ought to be baked soon after mak- ing. This is a very nice cake, notwithstanding what is said of "Ber- wick," beldw. 5. Berwick Sponge Cake, without Milk.— Six eggs; powdered white sugar, 3 cups; sifted flour, 4 even cups; cream-of-tartar, 2 tea- spoons; cold water, 1 cup; soda, 1 tea-spoon; one lemon. First, beat the eggs two minutes, and put in the sugar and beat five minutes more; then stir in the cream-of-tartar and two cups of the flour, and beat one minute; now dissolve the soda in the water and stir in, having grated the rind of the lemon, squeeze in half of the juice only; and finally add the other two cups of flour, and beat all one min- ute^ and put into deep pans in a moderate oven. There is considerable beating about this cake, but Milsdf does not beat all the sponge cake.* you ever beat, we wiill acknowledge it to be the beating cake, all arovod. 510 Dr. Chase' s Recipu. 6. Surprise Cake. — One egg; sugar, 1 eup; butter, ^ cup, sweet milk, 1 cup; soda, 1 tea-spoon; oream-of-tartar, 2 tea-spooiis. Flavor with lemon, and use suflSoient sifted flour to make the proper consistence, and you will really be surprised to see its bulk and beauty. 7. Sugar Cahe.— Take 7 eggs, and beat the whites and yolks separately; then beat well together; now put into them sifted white sugar, 1 lb. ; with melted butter, i^ lb., and a small tea-spoon of pul- verized carbonate of ammonia, Stir in just sufficient sifted flour to allow of its being rolled out and cut into cakes. 8. Ginger Cake. — Molasses, 2 cups ; butter, or one-half lard if you choose, 1)^ cups; sour milk, 2 cups; ground ginger, 1 tea-spoon ; saleratus, 1 heaping tea-spoon. Mash the saleratus, then mix all these ingredients together in a suitable pan, and stir in flour as long as you can with a spoon; then take the hand and work in more, just so you can roll them by using flour dusting pretty freely ; roll out thin, cut and lay upon your but- . tered or floured tins; then mix one spoon of molasses and two of water, and with a small brush or bit of cloth wet over the top of the cakes; this removes the dry flour, causes the cakes to take a nice brown, and keeps them moist; put into a quick oven, and ten minutes will bake them if the oven is sufficiently hot. Do not dry them all up, but tak* out as soon as nicely browned. We have sold cakes out of the grocery for years, but never found any to give as good satisfaction as these, either at table or counter They keep moist and are sufficiently rich and light for all cake eateiij. 9. Tea or Cup Cake. — Four eggs; nice brown sugar, 2 cups: saleratus, 1 tea-spoon; sour milk, 3 cups; melted butter, or half lard. 1 cup ; half a grated nutmeg; flour. Put the eggs and sugar into a suitable pan, and beat together ; dife solve the saleratus in the milk, and add to the eggs and sugar ; put in the butter and nutmeg also; stir all well ; then sift in flour sufficient to make the mass to such a consistence that it will not run from a spooi when lifted upon it. Any one preferring lemon can use that in plb(.-« of nutmeg. Bake rather slowly. 10. Cake, Nice, without Eggs or Milk. — A very nice cake i* made as follows, and it will keep well also: Flour, 33^ lbs. ; sugar, IJ^ lbs. ; butter, 1 lb. ; wfcter, 3^pt. havni^ 1 tea-spoon of saleratus dissolved in it. Roll thin, and bake on tin sheets. 11. Molasses Cake. — Molasses, Vy^ cups ; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon , sour milk, 2 cups ; 2 eggs ; butter, lard, or pork gravy, what you would take up on a spoon ; if you use lard, adA a little salt. Mix all by beating a minute or two with a spoon, dissolving the saleratus in the milk ; then stir in flour to give the consistence ot soft cake, and put directly into a hot oven, bemg careful not to dry them up by over-baking, as it is a soft, moist cake that we are after. 12. Cider Cake.— Flour, 6 cups; .'ugar, 3 cups; butter, 1 eup ; 4 eggs; cider, 1 cup; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon; 1 grated nutmeg. Beat the eggs, sugar, and butter top'ether, and stir in the flour and nutmeg, dissolve the saleratus in the cider and stir into the mass and bake immediately in a quick oven. 13. Ginger Snaps. — Butter, lard, and brpwn sugar, of each 1^ lb.; molasses, 1 pt. ; ginger, 2 table-spoons ; flour. J qt. ; saleratus, 3 ta*-tpoo»6 ; Bour miik, i ««p. Bakers^ and Cooking Deparimeni. 5*1 Melt the butter and lard, and whip in the sugar, molasses, and ^nger ; dissolve the saleratus in the milk, and put in ; then the flour, and, if needed, a little more flour, to enable you to roll out veiy thin ; cut into small cakes and bake in a slow oven until snappish. 14. Jelly Cake.— Five eggs; sugar, 1 cup; a little nutmeg; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon ; sour milk, 2 cups ; flour. Beat the egp, sugar, and nutmeg together; dissolve the saleratus in the milk, and mix ; then stir in flour to make only a thin batter, like i>an cakes ; three or four spoons of the batter to a common round tin ; bake in a quick oven. Three or four of these thin cakes, with jelly be- tween, form one cake, the jelly being spread on while the cake is warm. 15. Boll, Jelly Cake. — Nice brown sugar, \}^ cups ; 3 eggs ; sweet skim milk, 1 cup ; flour, 2 cups, or a little more only ; cream-of- tartar and soda, of each 1 tea-spoon ; lemon essence, 1 tea-spoon. Thoroughly beat the eggs and sugar together; mix the cream-of- eartar and soda with the milk, stirring in the flavor also; now mix in the flour, remembering to bake soon, spreading thin upon a long pan ; and as soon as done spread jelly upon the top and roll up; slicing off only as used ; the jelly does not come in contact with the fingers, as in the last, or flat cakes. CAKE TABLE— FIFTEEN KINDS. • Name of Cake. Pound Genuine Whig Shrewsbury . . . . Training Nut-Cake Short-Cake.... Cymbals Bark Cake Jumbles Qinger-Bread . Wonderg. Cookies.. York Blsoolt. Common Loaf 1 lb, 2 " 1 " 8 " 7 " 12 " 9qts 1 lb, 8 0Z8 1 lb 8ozs 8 '» 8 " 1 lb. 3 " 1 lb. 8ozs M lb. % " % " 2 " 'A " H " H " 3 «• 4 " 1 pt. 1 pt. 2qts. Igal. Directiotis. Rose-water, tliree spoons ; mace, etc Raise with yeast. Rose-water, etc. Oinaainon, nutmeg Cinnamon : wet it with milk ; raise with yeast, or wet and raise it with sour milk and sal- eratus. Rose-water and nutmeg. Rose-water and a little spice. Rose water ; raise with yeast. Roll out in loaf su- gar. Yolks only ; ginger to suit. Cinnamon, Or without eggs ; wet up: raise it with sal'ratus and sour milk. Wet up, and raise with sour milk and saleratus. Yeast; spice it to taste. Wine, 1 pt. ; yeast, 1 pt. 31. Pork Cake, without Bntter, Milk, or Eggs. — A most de- >l^feful eake is made by the use of pork, which saves the exp^ise of 522 Dr. Chase's Recipes. butter, eggs, and milk. It must be tasted to be appreciated ; and »t» tiior advantage of it is that you can make enough, some leisure day, to last the season through ; for I have eaten it two months after it wa^ baked still nice and moist. Fat, salt pork, entirely free of lean or rind, chopped so fine as to be almost like lard, 1 lb. ; pour boiling water upon it, ^^ pt. ; raisins, seeded and chopped, 1 lb. ; citron, shaved into shreds, J^ lb. ; sugar, 2 cups; molasses, 1 cup; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon, rubbed line and put into the molasses. Mix these all together, and stir in sifted flour to make the consistence of common cake mixtures ; then stir in nutmeg and cloves finely ground, 1 oz. each ; cinnamon, also fine, 3 ozs. ; be gov- erned about the time of baking it by putting a sliver Into it, — when nothing adheres, it is done. It should be baked slowly. You can substitute other fruit in place of the raisins, if desired, using as much or as little as you please, or none at all, and still have a nice cake. In this respect you may call it the accommodation cake, as it accommodates itself to the wishes or circumstances of its lovers. When -pork will do all we here claim for it, who will longer con- tend that it is not fit to eat ? Who ? 32. Marbled Cake. — Those having any curiosity to gratify upon their own part, or on thi part of friends, will be highly pleased with the contrast seen when they take a piece of a cake made in two parts, dark and light, as follows : Light Part. — White sugar, IJ^ cups; butter, "% cup; sweet milk, J^cup; soda, J^ tea-spoon; cream-of-tartar, 1 tea-spoon; whites of ^ eggs ; Hour, Vy^ cups ; beat and mixed as " Gold Cake." Dark Part. — Brown sugai-, 1 cup ; molasses, y^, "^"P > butter, J^ cup; sour milk, 3^ cup; soda, 3^ tea-spoon; cream-of-tartar, 1 tea- spoon ; flour, 2^^ cups; yolks of 4 eggs; cloves, allspice, cinnamon, and nutmeg, ground, of each J^ table-spoon ; beat and mixed as "Gold Cake." Directions. — When each part is ready, drop a spoon of dark, then a spoon of light, over the bottom of the dish in which it is to be baked and so proceed to fill up the pan, dropping the light upon the dark a.i you continue with the different layeis. 33. Silver Cake.— Whites of 1 doz. eggs ; flour, 5 cups ; whit( sugar and butter, of each 1 cup ; cream or sweet milk, 1 cup; cream-of tartar, 1 tea-spoon; soda, ^ tea-spoon; beat and mix as the "Goh' Cake." Bake in a deep pan. 34. Gold Cake. — Yolks of 1 doz. eggs; flour, 5 cups; whitf sugar, 3 cups; butter, 1 cup ; cream or sweet milk, IJ^ cups; soda, )^ tea-spoon; cream-of-tartar, 1 ter.-spoon. Bake in a deep loaf pan. Beat the eggs with the sugar, having the butter softened by the fire ; then stir it in ; put the soda and cream-of-tartar into the cream or milk, stirring up and mixing all together; then sift and stir in th*. flour. The gold and silver cakes, dropped as directed in the " Marble Cake," give you still another variety. 35. Bride Cake. — Presuming that this work may fall into the hands of some persons who may occasionally have a wedding amongst them, it would be imperfect without a "wedding cake," and as I have lately had an opportunity to test this one, upon "such an occasion,'' in my own family, I can bear testimony — so can the "printer," — to it& adaptation for all similar displays. *" Take butter, \% lbs. ; sugar, \% lbs., haK of which is to be Or- le&QS augar ; eggs, well beaten, 2 lbs. ; raisins> 4 Va^.<._ harino: the deeds Bakers' and Cooking Department. 5*3 ca)Kea out, and chopped ; English currants, having the grit picked out, and nicely washed, 6 lbs. ; citron, cut fine, 3 lbs.; sifted flour, 3 lbs.; nutmegs, 3 in number, and mace, as much in bulk; alcohol, 1 gill to J^ pt., in which a dozen or 15 drops of oil of lemon have been put. When ready to make your cake, weigh your butter and cut it in pieces, and put it where it will soften, but not melt. Next, stir the butter to a cream, and then add the sugar, and work till white. Next beat the yolks of the eggs, and put them to the sugar and butter.f Meanwhile another person should beat the whites to a stiflF froth, and put them in. Then add the spices and flour, and, last of all, the fruit, except the citron, which is to be put in about three layers, the bottom layer about one inch from the bottom, and the top one an inch from the top, and the other in the middle, smoothing the top of the cake by dipping a spoon or two of water upon it for that purpose. The pan in which it is baked should be about thirteen inches across the top, and five and a half or six inches deep, without scollops, and .wo three-quart pans also, which it will fill; and they will require to t>e slowly baked about three to four hours. But it is impossible to give -leflnite rules as to the time required in baking cake. Try whether the ?ake is done, by piercing it with a broom splinter, and if nothing ad- teres, it is dona Butter the cake-pans well; or if the pans are lined with buttered >»fhite paper, the cake will be less liable to burn. Moving cakes while •aking tends to make them heavy. The price of a large "Bride Cake," likef this, would be about twelve dollars, and the cost of making it would be about three dollar* only, with your two small ones, which would cost as much to buy *ihem as it does to make the whole three. The foregoing was written and printed over a year ago. The laughter came home, and took dinner with us, one year from the mar- dage ; and her mother set on some of the cake, as nice and moist as when baked. 36. Fruitcake. — As side accompaniments to the "Bride Cake," you will require several "Fruit Cakes," which are to be made as fol- lows : Butter, sugar, English currants, eggs, and flour, of each, 5 lbs. Mix as in the " Bride Cake." Bake in about six cakes, which would cost from one dollar and tifty cents to two dollars a-piece, if bought for the occasion. 37. Frosting, or Icing, for Cakes.— The whites of 8 eggs, beat to a perfect froth and stift'; pulverized white sugar, 2 lbs. ; starch, 1 table-spoon; pulverized gum arable, 3^ oz.; the juice of 1 lemon. Sift the sugar, starch, and gum arable into the beaten egg, and stir well and long. When the cake is cold lay on a coat of the frost- ing. It is best not to take mucli pains in putting on the first coat, as little bits of the cake will mix up with it, and give the frosting a yel- low appearance; but on the next day, make more frosting the same at. the first, and apply a second coat, and it will be white, clear, and beau- tiful. And by dipping the knife into cold water as applying, you caij smooth the frosting very nicely. 38. Excellent Crackers. — Butter, 1 cup; salt, 1 tea-spoon; flour, 2qts. Rub thoroughly together with the hand, and wet up with cold water; beat well, and beat in flour to make quite brittle and hard; then pinch off pieces and roll out each cracker by itself, if you wish theiu U» resemble bakers' craokers, 524 Dr. Chase's Recipes. 39. Sugar Crackers.— Flour, 4 lbs.; loaf sugar and butter, of each, J^ lb. : water, IJ^ pts. Make as above. 40. Naples Biscuit. — White sujyar, eggs, and flour, of each 1 lb. If properly pulverized, sifted, beat, mixed, and baked the size of Boston crackers, you will say it is nice indeed. 41. Buckwheat Short-Cake.— Take 3 or 4 tea-cups of nice sour milk, 1 tea-spoon of soda-saleratus dissolved in the milk ; if the milk is very sour, you must use saleratus in proportion, with a little salt; mix up a dough with buckwheat flour, thicker than you would mix the same for griddle-cakes, say quite stiff; put into a buttered tin, and put directly into the stove oven and bake about 30 minutes, or as you would a short-cake from common flour. It takes the place of the griddle-cake, also of the short-cake, in every sense of the word — nice with meat, butter, honey, molasses, etc. No shortening Is used, and no need of setting your dish of batter over night, for a drunken husband to set his foot in. Wet the top a little, and warm it up at next meal, if any is left — it is just as good as when first made, while griddle-cakes have to be thrown away. It is also very good cold. Was the beauty of this cake known to the majority of personn throughout the country generally, buckwheat would become as staple an article of commerce as the common wheat. Do not fail to give it u trial. Some persons, in trying it, have not had good luck the first time 1 they have failed from the milk's being too sour for the amount of sal- eratus used, or from making the dough too thin. I think I can say wc bave made it hundreds of times with success, as I could eat it while dya peptic, when I could eat no other warm bret.d. 42. Yeast Cake. — Good lively yeast, 1 pt; rye or wheat flou*. ti> form a thick batter; salt, 1 tea-spoon; stir in, and set to rise; when risen, stir in Indian meal, until it will roll out good. When again risen, roll out very thin; cut them into cakes, and di> in the shade; if the weather is the least damp, by the fire or stove. I* dried in the sun, they will ferment. To use : Dissolve one in a little warm water, and stir in a coup*- of table-spoons of flour; set near the fire, and when light, mix into tL bread. If made perfectly dry, they will keep for six months. BREADS — Yankee Brown Bread.— For each good-sized loaf bein^^ made, take \% pis. corn meal, and pour boiling water upon it, to scale it properly; let stand until only blood warm; then put about 1 qt. o) rye flour upon the meal, and pour in a good bowl of erai)tyings, witl a little saleratus dissolved in a gill of water, kneading in moi-e flour, to make of the consistence of common bread. If you raise it with yeast, put a little salt in the meal, but if you raise it with salt-risings, or emptyings, which I prefer, no more salt is needed. Form into loaves, and let them set an hour and a half, or uwtil light — in a cool place, in summer, and on the hearth, or under the stove, in winter; then bake about two hours. Make the dough fully as stiff as for wheat bread, or a little harder; for if made too soft, it does not rise good. The old style was to use only one-third rye floui , but it does not wear if made that way; or, in other words, most pei- sons get tired of it when mostly corn meal, but I never do when mostly rj'e flour. Let all persons bear in mind tha* b"ead ehould never be enien the day on which it is baked, and positively must this be observed by dyn- peptics. Hotels never ought to be without this b'"ead, oot ^•tm>ues ^*»< «are for health. Bahtrs^ and Cooking Department. 525 9. Graham Bread. — I find in Zion's Herald, of Boston, edited by itv*. E. O. Haven, formerly a Professor in the University at this city, ft l<»w remarks upon the "Different Kinds of Bread," including Gra- haui, which so fully explain the philosophy and true principles of broad-making, that I give them an insertion, for the benefit of bread- makers. It says : " Rice flour added to wheat flour, enables it to take up an in- creased quantity of water." [See the " New French Method of Mak-j ing Bread."] " Boiled and mashed potatoes mixed with the dough, cause the bread to retain moisture, and prevent it from drying and crumbling. Rye makes a dark-colored bread; but it is capable of be- ing fermented and raised in the same manner as wheat. It retains its freshness and moisture longer than wheat. An admixture of rye flour with that of wheat, decidedly improves the latter in this respect. In- dian corn bread is much used in this country. Mixed with wheat and 'ye, a dough is produced capable of fermentation, but pure maize meal :annot be fermented so as to form a light bread. Its gluten lacks the enacious quality necessary to produce the regular cell -structure. It is •nost commonly used in the form of cakes, made to a certain degree ight by eggs or sour milk, and saleratus, and is generally eaten warm. >udian coi'n is ground into meal of various degrees of coarseness, but '6 never made so fine as wheaten flour. Bread or cakes from maize require a considerably longer time to be acted upon by heat in the •>uking process, than wheat or rye. If ground wheat be unbolted, tha' 18, if its bran be not separated, wheat meal or Graham flour results, from which Graham or dyspepsia bread is produced. It is made ii- the same general way as other wheaten bread, but requires a little pc- *uliar management. Upon this poiat, Mr. Graham remarks ; * The wheat meal, and especially if it is ground coarsely, swells considerably in the dough, and therefore the dough should not at first be made quite so stiff" as that made of superfine flour; and when it is 'aised, if it is found too soft to mould well, a little more meal may be idded. It should be remarked that dough made of wheat meal will cake on the acetous fermentation, or become sour sooner than that m;»de of fine flour. It requires a hotter oven, and to be baked longer, hut must not stand . 3 long after being mixed, before baking, as that tiade from flour.' '' 3. Brown Bread Biscuit. — Take corn meal, 2 qts. ; rye flour, 3 pts. ; wheat flour, 1 pt. ; molasses, 1 table-spoon; yeast, 3 table-spoons, having soda. \ tea-spoon, mixed with it Knead over night, for breakfast. If persons will eat warm bread, this, or buckwlieat short-cake, should be the only kinds eaten. 4. Dyspeptics' Biscuit aad Cofifee. — Take Graham flour (wheat coarsely ground, without bolting,) 2 qts.; corn meal, sifted, 1 qt. ; but- ter, % cup; molasses, 1 cup; sour milk, to wet it up, with saleratus, as for biscuit. Roll out and cut with a tea-cup, and bake as other biscuit; and when cold they are just the thing for dyspeptics. And if the flour was sifted, none would refuse to eat them. For the Coffee. — Continue the baking of the above biscuit in a slow oven for six or seven hours, or until they are browned through like coff"ee. Directions. — One buiscuit boiled ^ of an hour will be plenty for 2 or 3 cups of coftee, and 2, for 6 persons. Serve with cream and sugar, as other coff"ee. Dyspeptics should ©hew very fiiie, and slowly, not drinking until 526 Dr. Chase's Recipes. the meal is over; then sip the coffee at their leisure, not more than ob« oup, however. This will be found very nice for common use, say ^vit^ one-eighth coffee added. Hardly any would distinguish the difference between it and that made from coffee alone. The plan of buying ground coffee is bad. Much of it is undoubtedly mixed with peas, which you can raise for less than fifteen or twenty cents a pound, and mix for yourself. 5. London Baker's Superior Loaf Bread.— The Michigan Far- mer gives us the following — any one can see that it contains sound sense : " To make a half-peck loaf, take % lb. of well boiled mealy pota- toes, mash them through a fine colander or coarse sieve ; add % pt. of yeast, or % oz. of German dried-yeast, and 1% pts. of lukewarm water, (88 deg. Fahr.,) together with ^ lb. of flour, to render the mix- ture the consistence of thin batter. This mixture is to be set aside to ferment. If set in a warm place it will rise in less than 2 hours, when it resembles yeast, except in color. The sponge so made is then to be mixed wiih 1 pt. of water, nearly blood warm — viz., 92 deg. Fahr.,— and poured into a half-peck of flour, which has previously had IJ^ ozs. of salt mixed into it. The whole should then be kneaded into dougli, and allowed to rise in a warm place for 2 hours, when it should t« kneaded into loaves and baked." The object of adding the mashed potatoes is to increase the amount of fermentation in the sponge, which it does to a very remarkable dc' gree, and consequently renders the bread lighter and better. The po tatoes will also keep the bread moist. 6. Old Bachelor's Bread, Biscuit, or Pie-Crust.— Flour, 1 qt, ^ cream-of -tartar, 2 tea-spoons ; soda, % tea-spoon ; sweet milk, to we* up the flour to the consistence of biscuit dough. Rub the flour and cream-of -tartar well together; dissolve the soda in the milk, wetting up the flour with it, and bake immediately. If yon have no milk, use water in its place, adding a spoon of lard to obtain the same richness. It does well for pie-crust, where you cannot keej^ up sour milk. 7. New French Method of Making Bread.— Take rice, X lb. ; tlk it up in a thick linen bag, giving ample room to swell ; boil it from I to 4 hours, or until it becomes a perfect paste ; mix this while waroi with 7 lbs. of flour, adding the usual quantities of yeast and salt ; allow the dough to work a proper time near the fire, then divide into loaves Dust them in, and knead vigorously. This quantity of flour and rice makes about thirteen and one-halt pounds of bread, which will keep moist much longer than without the rice. It was tested in the London Polytechnic Institute, after having been made public in France, with the above results. §. Baking Powders, for Biscuit, without Shortening.— Bi-car- bonate of soda, 4 ozs. ; cream-of -tartar, 8 ozs. ; and properly dry them, and thoroughly mix. It should be kept in well-corked bottles, to pre- vent dampness, which neutralizes the acid. Use about three tea-spoons to each quart of flour being baked ; mix with milk, if you have it— if not, wet up with cold water, and put directly into the oven to bake. PIES.— Lemon Pie, Extra Nice.— One lemon; water, 1 cup; brown sugar, 1 cup; flour, 2 table-spoons; 5 eggs; white sugar, 2 table- !-;)uons. Grate the rind from the lemon, squeeze out the juice, and chop i:;i ihc b ilanoe very fine; put all together and add the water, brown Bakers' and Cooking Department. 527 gitgsr, a»d flour, working the mass into a smooth paste ; beat the eggs and mix with the paste, saving the wliites of two of them ; make two pies, baking with no top crust. While these are baking, beat the whites of the two eggs, saved for that purpose, to a stiif froth, and stir in the white sugar. When the pies are done, spread this frosting evenly over them, and set again in the oven and brown slightly. 2. Pie-Crust Glaze. — ^In making any pie which has a juicj'^ mix- ture, the juice soaks into the crust, making it soggy and unfit to eat. To prevent this : Beat an Q^g well, and with a brush, or bit of cloth, wet the crust of the pie with the beaten ^g^^ just before you put in the pie mixture. For pies which have a top crust also, wet the top with the same before baking, which gives it a beautiful yellow brown. It gives beauty also to biscuit, ginger cakes, and is just the thing for rusk, by putting in a little sugar. 3. Apple Pie which is Digestible. — Instead of mixing "up your crust with water and lard, or butter, making it very rich, with shorten- ing, as customary for apple pies : Mix it up every way just as you would for biscuit, using sour milk and saleratus, with a little lard or butter only ; mix the dough quite stiflf, roll out rather thin, lay it upon your tin, or plate; and having ripe apples sliced or chopped nicely and laid on, rather thick, and sugar accoi-ding to the acidity of the apples, then a top crust, and bake well, putting the ^gg upon the crusts, as mentioned in the "Pie-Crust Glaze," and you have got a pie that is fit to eat. But when you make the rich crust, and cook the apples and put them on, it soaks the crust, which does not bake, and no stomach can digest it, whilst our way gives you a nice light crust, and does not take half the shortening of the other plan. Yet perhaps nothing is saved pecuniarily, as butter goes as finely with the biscuit-crust pies, when hot, as it does with biscuit; but the pie is digestible, and when it is cold does not taste bad to cut it up on your plate, with plenty of sweetened cream. 4. Apple Custard Pie — The Nicest Pie ever Eaten. — Peel sour apples and stew until soft and not much water left in them; then rub them through a colander — beat 3 eggs for each pie to be baked; and put in at the rate of 1 cup of butter and 1 of sugar for 3 pies ; season with nutmeg. Mj^ wife has more recentlj' made them with onlj- 1 e^g to each pie, with only half of a cup of butter and sugar each, to 4 or 5 pies; but the amount of sugar must be governed somewhat b}' the acidity of the apples. Bake as pumpkin pies, which they lesemble in appearance; and between them and apple pies in taste ; very nice indeed. We find them equally nice with dried apples, by making them a little more juicy. If a frosting was put upon them, as in the " Lemon Pie," then returned, for a few moments, to the oven, the appearance, at least, would be improved. 5. Apple Custard, Very Nice.— Take tart apples, that are quite juicy, and stew and rub them, as in tl.e recipe above, and to 1 pt. of the apple, beat 4 eggs and put in, with 1 table-spoon of sugar, 1 of butter, and 1^ of a grated nutmeg. Biike as other custards. It is excellent, and makes a good substi- tute for butter, apple butter, etc. 0. Paste for Tarts. — Loaf sugar, flour, and butter, equal weights 528 Dr. Chase's Recipes. of each ; mix thoroughly by beating with a rolling-pin, for half ap hour ; folding up and beating again and again. When properly mixed, pinch off small pieces and roll out each crust by itself, which causes them to dish so as to hold the tart mix- ture. And if you will have a short pie-crust, this is the plan to make it. PUDDING— Biscuit Pudding, Without Re-Baking Take water 1 qt. ; sugar, ^Ib. ; butter, the size of a hen's egg; flour, 4 table, spoons; nutmeg, grated, \^ of one. Mix the flour with just sufficient cold water to rub up all the lumps while the balance of the water is heating, mix all and split the biscuit once or twice, and put into this gravy while it is hot, and keep hot until used at table. It uses up cold biscuit, and I prefer it to richer puddings. It is indeed worth a trial. This makes a nice dip gravy also for other puddings. 2. Old English Christmas Plumb Puddings. — The Harrisburg Tdegraph furnishes its readers with a recipe for the real -" Old English Christmas Plumb Pudding." After luiving given this pudding a fair test, I am willing to endorse every word of it; and wish for the holiday to come oftener than once a year: " To make what is called a pound pudding; take of raisins well stoned but not chopped, currants thoroughlj' washed, 1 lb. each ; chop suet, 1 lb., very finely, and mix with them; add J^ lb. of flour or bread very finely crumbled; 3 ozs. of suger; 1^ ozs. of grated lemon peel, a blade of "mace, ^ of a small nutmeg, 1 tea-spoon of ginger; % doz. o' eggs, well beaten ; work it well together, put it in a cloth, tie it firmly, allowing room to swell; put it ii^to boiling water, and boil not lesa than two hours. It should not be suffered to stop boiling. The cloth, when about to be used, should be dipped into boiling water, squeezed dry, and floured; and when the pudding is done, have a pan of cold water ready, and dip it in for a moment, as soon as it comes out of the pot, which prevents tlie pudding from sticking to the cloth. For a dip gravy for this or other puddings, see the '* Biscuit Pudding without Ee-Baking," or "Spreading Sauce for Pudding." 3. Indian Pudding, To Bake. — Nice sweet milk 1 qt. ; butter, \ oz. ; 4 eggs, w ell beaten ; Indian meal, 1 tea-cup ; raisins, Si lb. ; sugar J^lb. Scald tlie milk, and stir in the meal whilst boiling; then let it stand until only blood-warm, and stir all well togethei", ami bake about one and a h.ilt hours. Eaten with sweetened cream, 01 eitherof the pudding sauces mentioned in the " Christmas Pudding." 4. Indian Pudding, to B.>il.— Indian meal, 1 qi., with little salt; 6 eggs; sour milk, 1 cup ; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon ; raisins, 1 lb. Scald the meal, having the saltin it; when cool ^lir in the beaten eggs; dissolve the saleratus in the milk and stir in also, then the raisins; English currants, dried currants, or dried berries, of any kind, answer every purpose, and are, in f ict, very nice in place of the raisins. Boil about one and a half hours. Eaten with sweetened cream or any of the pudding sauces. Any pudding to be boiled must not be put into the water until it boils, and taken out as soon as done, or they become soggy and unfit to eat. 5. Quick Indian Pudding.— Take 1% cups of sour milk; 2 eggs, well beaten; 1 small tea-spoon of saleratus; ciissolvcd in tlie milk; then sift in dry corn meal,and stir to the consisten-ce of corn bread; then stir ini^ lb. of any of the fruits mentioned above: ctjif you hav^ no fruit, it 16 quite nice without. Bakers' and Cookiftg Departmeni. 529 Tie up and boil one hour; sweetened cream Vith a little nntmeg ^akes a nice sauce. As I have just eateii of this for my dinner, I tnrow it in extra, for it is worthy. 6. Flour Padding, to Boil. — When persons have plenty of dried apples or peaches, and not much of the smaller fruits; or desire to change from them in puddings: Take wheat flour sufficient to make a good pan of biscuit, and mix it up as for biscuit, with sour milk, saleratus, and a little butter or lard, roll out rather thicker than for pie-crust; now having your ap- ples or peaches nicely stewed wet the crust over with the "Pie Crust Glaze." then spread a layer of the fruit upon it, adding a little sugar, as it lies upon the table ; and if you choose, scatter over them a hand- tul of raisins, or any other of the dried fruits mentioned; roll up the whole together, and boil 1 hour. Eaten with any sauce which you may prefer, but the corn meal puddings are much the most healthy, and 1 prefer their taste to those •oade from flour. 7. Potato Pnddin^. — Rub through a colander 6 large or 13 mid- dle-sized potatoes; beat 4 eggs, mix with 1 pt. of good milk; stir in the >iOtatoes, sugar and seasoning to taste; butter the dish; bake 3^ an ♦Kour. This recipe is simple and economical, as it is made of what is -rasted in many families, namely, cold jjotatoes; which may be kept lip two or three days, until a sufficient quantity is collected. To be 'aten with butter. §. Green Corn Pudding.— Green corn, raw, 2 do?:, ears; sweet tiilk, 3 to 4 qts. ; 6 eggs; sugar, 1 to 2 cups. Salt to suit the taste. Split the kernels lengthwise of the ear. with a sharp knife; then «rith a case knife scrape the corn from the cob, which leaves the hulls »n the cob ; mix it with the milk and other articles, and bake from two yo three hours. To be eaten with butter and sugar. 9. Steamed Pudding.— Two eggs ; sugar, 1 cup ; sour milk, 1 cup ; •aleratus, )^ tea-spoon ; a little salt ; dried w^hortleberries, currants, ■•aisins, or other fruit, 1 cup; flour. Beat the eggs and stir in the sugar; dissolve the saleratus in the *iilk, and mix in also the fruit and salt; then thicken with flour, rather thicker than for cake; put into a two-quart pan and set in a steamer and steam an hour and a half; and I think it will crack open on the back — if not, try again. It is worth the trouble, especially if you have plenty of sweetened cream. 10. Spreading Sauce for Puddings*— Butter, 4 ozs. ; sugar, 6 0Z8. ; 1 nutmeg. Grate the nutmeg, and rub all together ; these are about the proper proportions, but more or less can be made, as desired, and more or less nutmeg can be used ; or any otlier flavoring in their place. This sauce is nice on baked puddings, hot or cold ; and to tell it all it is not bad on bread. 3ee the "Biscuit Pudding," for dip-sauces. DOMESTIC DISHES— Green Corn Omelet.— Green corn, boiled,! doz. ears; 5 eggs; salt and pepper to suit the taste. Eemove the corn from the cob, as mentioned in the " Green Corn Pudding." The splitting allows the escape of the pulp, wiiilst the hull is held by the cob; season, form into small cakes, and fry to a nice brown, and you have a very nice omelet. 2. APPLES— To Bake.— Steamboat Style.— Better than Preserves. "^Take moderately sour apples, when ripe; and with a pocket-knife cut out the stem, and flower-end also, so as to remove the skin from 530 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. these cup-shaped cavifies; wash them, and place them in a. dnpping- l»an ; now till these caA'ities with brown "ugar, and pretty fieely be- tween them also with sugar; then lay o. a few lumps of butler over the sugar; place them, thus arranged, into the oven when you begin to heat up the stove for breakfast or dinner, and keep them in until per- fectly baked through and soft- Take them up on plates, while hot, by means of a spoon, and dip the gravy, arising from the applc-juicc, sugar and butter, over them. Should any of them bo left, after the meal is over, set them by until the next meal, when they may be placed in the stove oven until hot, and they will have all the beauty of the first baking. Or perh5,ps some per- sons may prefer them fried, as follows: 3. Fried Apples— Extra Nice. — Take any nice sour cooking ap- ples, and, after wiping them, cut into slices about one-fourth of an inch thick ; have a frying-pan ready, in which there is a small amount of lard, sray K or ^ of an inch in depth. The lard uiusf, be hot before the slices of apples are put in. Let one side of them fry until brown ; then turn, and put a small quantity of sugar on the browned side o» each slice. By the time the other side is browned^ the sugar will b« melted and spread over the whole surface. Serve them up hot, and you will have a dish good erough for kingh and queens, or any poor man's breakfast, and I think tliat even th' President would not refuse a few slices, if properly cooked. There is) but little choice between frying and baking by these plans ; either on« is very nice. '1. Ap;ile Fritters. — Sour milk, 1 pt. ; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon, floui to make a 1 tttcr not very stiff; 6 apples, pared and cored ; 3 Qgg?!. Dissol'. o the saleratus in the milk ; beat the eggs, and put in; tiiei the tlour to make soft batter ; chop the apples to about the size of small peas, and mix them well in the batter. Fry them in lard, as you would dough-nuts. Eaten with butter and sugar. 5. Apple Merange — An Excellent [substitute for Pie or Pud. ding. — First, take a deep dish and put a bottom crust into it, as for ;. pie; have nice sour apples, pared, sliced, and stewed, sweeteninjj slightly ; place a layer of the stewed apples upon the crust say aboul half an inch in thickness, then put on a layer of nice bread, spread with butter, as for eating, then another layer of the apple; now place in tin oven and bake as a pudding, or pie; when done, have th. v.hites ol eggs beaten and mixed with a little loaf or other white sugar, say two eggs for a 2-quart dish ; place this upon the merange and return it tt the oven for a few minutes, to brown the egg mixture, or frosting Serve with sugar dissolved in a little water, adding a little butter^ with nutmeg, or lemon, as desired or preferred. 6. Bread, to Fry — Better than Toast. — Take bread that is dry the dryer the better, so it is not mouldy ; lii >t dip it rather quickly in>o cold water, then into eggs which are well beat, iiaving a little s It >d them ; then immediately fry for a short time in hot lard until tlie .«ur face is pretty yellow or light brown, according to the heat of the lard. I have never eaten bread cooked in any form wJiich suits me aT well as this. But the following is very nice: 7. Toast — German Siyle. — Bakers' bread, 1 loaf, cut into slices of lialf an inch in thickness; milk, 1 qt. ; 3 eggs, and a little salt; be?t I he eggs and mix them with the milk, and flavor as for custard, nrt cooking it however. Dip the sliced bread into the mixture occasional? y until it is all absorbed ; then fry the pieces upon a buttered s^'^'l^* Serve, for dinner, with sugar syrup, flavored -^Hh Jemoii. Bakers' and Cooking Department. 53! This is the German style of making toast; but is quite good enough for an American. And I have no doubt that liome-made bread will answer all purposes; ours does, certainly. §. Back- woods Preserves. — Modei-atelyboila pint of molasses, from 5 to 20 minutes, according to its consistency; then add 3 eggs, thoroughly beaten, iiastily stirring tliem in, and continue to boil a few minutes longer ; then season with a nutmeg or lemon. Do not fail to give it a trial. 9. French Honey. — White sugar, 1 lb. ; 6 eggs, leaving out the whites of 2; tlie juice of 3 or 4 lemons, and the grated rind of 2; and 3^ lb. of butter. Stir over a slow tire until it is about the consistency of honey. This and the last, will be found to be much nearer what they rep- resent, than the Yankee's " wooden nutmegs " did, upon trial. 10. Muffins. — To each qt. of sweet milk add 2 eggs well beaten -, a lump of butter half the size of an egg, and flour enough to make a stiff batter. Stir in )4. Pt- of yeast ; let tliem stand until perfectly light, and then bake on a griddle, in tin rings, made for that purpose. These are merel}' strips of tin, three-quarters of an inch wide, made into rings from two and a half to three inches in diameter, without bottom — the ring being simply placed on a griddle, and the batter poured in to till it. 11. Mock Oysters. — Six, nice, plump, ears of sweet corn, un- cooked ; grate from the cob ; beat 1 ^gg, stirring into it flour and milk, of each 1 table-spoon ; season with a little salt and pepper. Put about a, tea-spoon of butter into a suitable pan for frjMng, having mixed in the corn also, drop the mixture into tlie hot butter, one spoon of it in a place, turning them so as to fry brown. Serve hot, for breakfast. Whether they imitate oysters or not, no one need regret giving them a trial. 12. Fruit Jams, Jellies, and Preserves. — The difference between common preserves, jellies, and jams, is this: Preserves are made by taking fruit and sugar, pound for pound, and simph' cooking them to- frether until tlie fruit is done. 13. Jellies are made by squeezing and straining out tlie juice anly, of the fruit; then taking a pound of sugar for a pound of juice, and cooking until it jells, which is told by taking out a little upon a cold plate. 14. Jams are made by weighing the whole fruit, washing, slic- ing, and putting in suflicient water to cook it well, then, when cool, rubljing it through a fine sieve, and with this pulp, putting in as much sugar as there was of tlie fruit only, and cooking it very carefully, until ihe weight of the jam is the same as the fruit and added sugar; the water, you see, is all gone; and this is easily told by having previously weigiied the kettle in wliich you are cooking it. The jam, if nicely done, contains more of the fruit flavor than the jell, and is as valuable as the jell to put into water as a drink for invalids; and better for flavoring syrups for soda fountains, etc. Strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, peaches, and pine-apples, make very nice jams for flavor- ing syrups. Much of the flavor of the fruit resides in the skin, pits, etc. And jams made in this way, from the blackberry, aie good for sore mouth, diarrhea, dj'sentery, etc. 15. Fruit Extracts. — Best alcohol, 1 pt. ; oil of lemon, 1 oz. ; peel of 2 lemons. Break the peels, and put in with the others for afewda5''s; then remove them, and you will have just what you desire, for a trifling cost, 53^ ^f' Chase's Recipes, compared with the twenty-five cent bottles, which are so prominentl> set out as the nicest thing in the world. This rule holds good for all fruit oils; but for fruits, such as peacnes, pine-apples, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, etc, you will tak« alcohol and water equal parts, and put upon them sufficient to hand- somely cover; aad in a few days you liave the flavor and juices of the fruit, upon the principle of making " Bounce," which most men know more or less about. If persons will act for themselves, using common sense, working from known facts like tliese, tliey will not need to run after every new-fangled thing which is seen blazing forth in almost every advertisement of the day. Vanilla, nutmeg, mace, cinnamon, etc., are made by cutting up the vanilla bean, or bruising the nutmegs, cinnamon, etc., and putting about two ounces to each pint of pure spirits, or reduced alcohol, frequently shaking for about two weelcs, and filtering or pouring oft' very carefully; if for sale, however, they must be filtered; for coloring any of the ex- tracts see the " Essences," and " Syrups." For cakes and pies, how- ever, it is just as well to pulverize nutmegs, mace, cinnamon, etc., and use the powder, for the quantity required is so small that it will never be seen in the cake or pie. MEDICATED WATERS— Rose Water.— Take carbonate of mag- nesia, 3^ oz. ; oil of rose, 30 drops; drop the oil upon the magnesia, and rub ittogetlier; then add, rubbing all the time, of distilled water, if you can get it, 1 qt., if not, talce the purest snow or rain water, — a porcelain mortar is best, but a bowl does very well,— then filter through filtering paper. The magnesia breaks up the oil globules and enables the water to take it up ; and the filtering removes the magnesia, 2. Cinnamon Water. — Use the same amount of magnesia and water, and treat the same as the *' Rose Water." 3. Peppermint, Spearmint and Pennyroyal Waters are madu the same as above. 4. Camphor Water.— To make camphor water, you must firsn put on a few drops of alcohol ; say 40 or 50 drops, to camphor gum, J-4 oz. ; and rub the camphor fine, which enables you to work it up with magnesia, % oz. ; then gradually add water, 1 qt., as mentioned in thw waters above, and filtered. The rose and cinnamon waters are used l»r cooking, but the otb— *; for medical purposes. Bakers' and Cooking Department. 53^^ CAKE RECIPES. Angel Cake — (Excellent.) — Sift together 5 times, 1 tumbler flour and 1 teaspoonful cream tartar; beat stiff the whites of 11 eggs and stir in carefully 1 tumbler sifted pow'd sugar; add 3 teaspoonfuls vanilla ext.; add the flour, stirring quickly and lightly. Bake in an angel cake tin (not buttered) about 40 minutes in a moderate oven. When done, invert in the cake tin, resting the edges on 2 saucers to insure easy removal. Golden Spice Cake. — Keeps well, and will use the yolks of eggs left after making angel cake. Yolks of 7 eggs and 1 whole egg; 2 cups brown sugar; 1 cup molasses; 1 cup butter; 1 large cof- fee cup sour milk; 1 even teaspoonful soda; 5 cups flour; 1 tea- spoonful ground cloves; 2 teaspoonfuls each cinnamon and gin- ger; 1 nutmeg; a small pinch of salt and 1 of cayenne pepper. Beat eggs, sugar and butter to a light batter, add molasses, flour and milk. Add 2 cups of raisins if desired. Beat well and bake in a moderate oven. Chocolate Cake (the best). — 1 cup butter; 2 cups sugar; stir to a cream. Add well beaten yolks of 5 eggs; stir in 1 cup milk, and well beaten whites of 2 eggs. In ZVz cups flour sift 2 heaping teaspoonfuls baking powder, and stir all together. Bake in layers. Then beat stiff the whites of 3 eggs and melt 2 cups sugar to a very thick hot syrup; pour this slowly on the whites, beating rapidly. Add % cake grated chocolate and a teaspoonful vanilla extract. Stir till cool. Spread between each cake, covering the top and sides. Cocoanut Layer Cake. — Cream together % cup of butter and 2 cups sugar. Add 1 cup sweet milk, 4 eggs with whites and yolks separately beaten; stir in the yolks first; flavor with lemon and vanilla; sift in 3 cups flour, mixed with 3 heaping teaspoonfuls baking powder. Bake in layers. Filling. — Beat the whites of 3 eggs and 1 cup powdered sugar to a stiff froth; spread the icing on each cake, sprinkling thickly with grated cocoanut. Almond Cake. — Use blanched sweet almonds in place of cocoa- nut in above recipe. Plain Cocoanut or Almond Cake. — Frost any good cake with the same icing as for cocoanut or almond cake, and sprinkle on grated cocoanut or blanched sweet almonds. 532B Dx. Chase's Recipes. Fig Filling for Layer Cake. — Chop fine 1 lb. figs, add ^2 cup sugar and 1 cup water; cook all together till soft and smooth. Spread when cool. Fig Cai^ lb. of sugar ; one or two eggs, a teaspoon of carbonate of soda, dissolved ; sufficient flour to make into dough. And spices and seeds if you like. Cakes, Iceing for. — Powder and sift 1 lb. of loaf sugar; put into a basin with the wiiites of three or four eggs ; beat well together, and add the juice of six lemons; beat well until it becomes very light and hangs in flakes from the spoon ; it is then ready for use. Cakes, Yorkshire. — Flour two pounds; mix with it four ounces of butter melted in a pint of good milk, three spoons of yeast, and two eggs ; beat all well together, and let it rise ; then knead and make into cakes; let them rise on tins before you bake, in a slow oven. Another sort is made as above, leaving out the butter. The first is a shorter sort ; the last lightei*. Ginger Cakes. — To two pounds of fiour add three-quarters of a pound of good moist sugar, 1 oz. best Jamaica ginger well mixed in the flour; have ready three-quarters of a pound of lard, melted, and four }ggs well beaten ; mix the lard and eggs together, and stir into the flour, which will form a paste ; roll out in thin cakes, and bake in a moderately heated oven. Lemon biscuits maybe made in a similar Vay, by substituting essence of lemon for ginger. Sponge Cake. — A lady favours us with the following simple recipe, (vbich, she says, gives less trouble than any other, and has never been known to fail : — Take five eggs, and half a pound of loaf sugar, sifted ; break the eggs upon the sugar, and beat all together with a steel fork for half an hour. Previously take the weight of two eggs and a half, ill thoir shells, of flour. After you have beaten the eggs and sugar the time specified, grate in the rind of a lemon (the juice may be added at pleasure), stir in the flour, and immediately pour it in to a tin lined rtilh buttered paper, and let it be instantly put into rather a cool \»ven. Sponge Cake. — Take equal weight of eggs and sugar; half their (veight in sifted flour ; to twelve eggs add the grated rind of three lemoifs, and the juice of two. Beat the eggs caremlly, the white and vrolks separately, before tliej"- are used. Stir the materials thoroughly together, and bake in a quick oven. Cake, Cocoa-Xut Sponge.— -Grate a cocoa-nut, the outer part peel- ed oft". A teaspoon of salt, and ' half a grated nutmeg. A pound of white sugar. Beat and strain the j'olks of six eggs; the whites cut to astifi'froth. One teaspoon of essence of lemon, flour, half pint. Mix the yolks, sugar, and other ingredients, except the whites and flour. Before putting it into the oven, add the whites, and flour gradually, and gently mix it. Put it on buttered paper on tins, in a quick oven. Cover with paper lest the top harden quick. — Qu. Cakes, Browning for.— 3^ lb. moist sugar, 2 ozs. of butter; add a a little w.iter. Simmer till brown, A little of this mixture will give a rich color to cakes. Pound Cake. — Take 1 lb. each of flour, sifted loaf sugar, and cur- rants; the rind of two lemons grated; mix all together by rubbing them between the hands; then put 1 lb. of butter into a wooden bowl; place it often before the fire, if the weather is cold; when the butter is soft, b«fit it up with the hand till it is like a cream; break 10 or 12 «ggs into a deep pan ; whisk till quite frothy; put one-third of them to ^he buttei ; and beat up till well mixed ; then put in half of what is 536 Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking t/tpartment. left, and mix it till it sticks to the bowl; then put in the remainder, ano mix it up well ; when it sticks to the bowl, it is well mixed and li^ht then put in the flour, etc., and mix well together. Have cake hoops, or molds papered, and put into the oven, the heat of which must be moderate. The rind of a lemon, shred veiy fine, may be added. Pound Cake, a Good One.— Beat a pound of butter to a cream, and mix with it the whites and yolks of eight eggs beaten apart. Have ready, warm by the fire, a pound of floui", and the same of sifted sug:ii', mix them, and a few cloves, a little nutmeg, and cinnamon, in tine powder together ; then by degrees wortc the ingredients into tiie but- ter and eggs. When well beaten, add u glass of wine and some cana- ways. It must be beaten a full hour. Butter a pan, and bake it a full hour in a quick oven. Raisin Cake.— One cup of flour, two cups of cream, one cup of butter, four eggs, 1 lb. of raisins, cloves, cinnamon, candied lemon, cut extremely fine, and one teaspoon of soda. Saisin Cake. — Take 13^ lb. of light dough, a tea-cup of sugar, on* of butter, three eggs, a tea-spoon of carbonate of soda, 1 lb. of raisins nutmeg or cinnamon to the taste; bake one hour. Let it rise befor* being baked. Raisin Loaf. — To 6 lbs. of flour, add 2>^ lbs. of raisins, ^ oz. o» oariaway and a few coriander seeds ground, a little cinnamon or clove pepper, and half a pint of barm mixed with cold water; cut tne past* with a knife very well, to mai^e the loaf appear to be fuller of raisins For a rich loaf, add more fruit, and rub butter in the flour and sugar, bake it a fine brown on the top. Tea Cakes. — Rub fine 4 ozs. of butter into 8 ozs. of flour ; mix > 0Z8. of currants, and six of fine sugar, two yolks and one white of egg and a spoonful of brandy; roll what size you like; beat the othe» white of egg, and wash over them. Dust sugar upon them, or not. Tea Cakes, Small. — Put a J^ lb, of butter into 1 lb. of flour; mii J^ lb. sifted loaf sugar, and wet it with water; when made up, dividfc into two equal parts ; put 1 oz. of carraway seeds to one piece, to havt two sorts. Rub the paste out very thin, and cut it out with a smaP round cutter; butter a baking sheet, and dust it with flour; lay th« cakes on, and bake in a slow oven till of a light brown. Cakes, Drop. — Mix flour 2 lbs. ; butter 1 lb. ; sugar 1 lb. ; currant 1 lb. ; clean and dry ; then wet into a etiflF paste, with two eggs, a larg* spoon each of orange-flower water, rose-water, sweet wine and brandy drop on a tin-plate floured ; a very short time bakes them. Cakes, Ginger.— As above ; but mixing with it half an ounce ot ginger. Nice Plum Cake.— Tak 1 lb. of flour $ bicarbonate of soda, 1^ oz.; butter, 6 ozs. ; loaf sugar, 6 ozs. ; currants, 6 ozs ; three eggs ; milk, about 4 ozs. ; bake for one hour and a half in a tin or pan. Soda Cake.— Take % lb. of flour ; bicarbonate of soda, 2 drs. ; tar- taric acid, 2 drs. ; butter 4 ozs ; white sugar 2 ozs. ; currants, 4 ozs. ; two eggs ; warm milk, half a tea-cup. Custard Pie. — Boil a quart of milk with the rind of a lemon. Strain it, and then boil. Mix a table-spoon of flour smoothly with two of milk, and stir it into the boiling milk. Boil a minute, constantly stirring ; take off", and when cool, add three beaten eggs ; sweeten to your taste ; bake in a quick oven. Cusiard, (Baked). — Boil in a pint of milk a fe^ coriander beeds, a little cinnamon and lemon peel ; sweeten with 4 o»s. of loaf sugar, mix with it a pint of cold milk ; beat 8 eggs for ten minutes ; add tbc Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department. 537 other ingredients; pour it from one pan into another six or eight times, strain tlirougli a sieve ; let it stand : skim tlie froth from the to]), till it ill eai'tlien cups, and bake immediately in a hot oven ; give them a good color ; ten minutes will do them. Pickled Eggrs.— If the following pickle were generally known it would be more generally used. We constantlj^ keep it in our family, and tind it an excellent pickle to be eaten with cold meat, etc. Tlie Qg'gi should be boiled hard (say ten minutes), and then divested o tlieir shells; when gwiYe co^d put them in jars, and pour over then vinegar (sufficent to quite co«e?* them), in wliich has been previously boiled the usual spices for pickling; tie tlie jar down tight with blad- der, ami keep them till they begin to change color. Gingerbread Buttons, Snap. — Molasses, 3 lbs. ; sugar lib.-, ginger V/^ oz. ; seeds, etc.; butter, 3^ 11). rubbed in 3 lbs. of flour; mix and drop tiiem on tins. Gingerbread Buttons, Best. — Molasses, 7 lbs. warmed; sugar, oatmeal, 2 lbs. each; butter, 2 lbs. rubbed in 7 lbs. of flour; candied lemon peal, 1 oz. cut very thin; carraway, cinnamon, or clove, accor- ding to taste ; mix stiff, and bake in small balls on a tin in a slow oven. Gingerbread, Fine. — Flour, 2 lbs. ; sugar, 8 ozs. ; orange peel, or candied lemon, cut very thin, 8 ozs. ; ground ginger, 1 oz. ; carraway seeds, J^ oz. ; cloves, mace, allspice, accoi'ding to taste ; mix with these, 13^ lbs. of molasses, and J^ lb. melted butter, and 2 drs. of carbonate of soda. Mix well and let it stand 2 or 3 hours. Use flour in rolling out. Cut into shapes. Gingerbread Nuts.— Molasses, 3 lbs. ; sugar, 1 lb. ; butter, 1 lb. ; rubbed into 4 lbs. of flour; esence of lemon, 2 tea-spoons; ginger, seeds, etc., according to taste. Mix ; drop on buttered tins; bake in a slow oven. These may be varied by the addition of candied lemon, brandy, and a couple of eggs well beaten. Gingerbread, Superior.— Flour, 2 lbs. ; carbonate of magnesia, % oz ; mi.\, and add molasses, 1 lb. ; powdered sugar, 3^ lb. ; melted butter, 2 ozs.; tartaric acid in solution, 2 drs. Make a stiff paste; add grated nutmeg and cinnamon, of ench 2 drs.; grated nutmeg, \% oz. Mix well. Let it .stand 1 hour, and then bake slowly. Another Recipe— Flour, 8 lbs.; sugar, 1 lb.; butter, 1 lb. ; molas- ses, 1 >^ lb. ; ginger, 3^ oz.; cloves, 34 oz. ; and the peel of a good sized lemon ; form into cjikes and bake. Gingerbread, Victoria.— Flour, 33^ lbs. ; fine sugar, 23;^ lbs. ; hon- ey,!)^ lb; 3^ lb. each ot sweet almonds blanched, chopped small, and candied lemon or orange peel; the rinds of two lemons; cinnamon, 1 oz. ; nutmeg 3^ oz. ; powdered cloves, mace, and cardamoms accor- ding to taste, and 3 table-spoons of water. Melt the sugar, and honey in water over the lire. Mix well the other articles in the flour, andi pour in the syrup from the fire. Mix well. Do not bake till the day' after. Mix the white of an egg and sugar, and brush it over the gin- gerbread. AGoodSortWithout Butter.— Molasses, 2 lbs.; 4 ozs. of orange, lemon, citron, and candied ginger, all thinly sliced ; 1 oz. each corian- der seeds, carraways. and bruised ginger ; as much flour as will make a soft paste ; bake in a quick oven on tin plates. Gingerbread, Wliite.— Flour, G lbs.; white sugar, 3 lbs.; rub 1 lb. of butter into the flour, and 3i oz. carraway seeds ; mix well with milk. Make it light the same as Bath Cakes. 53^ Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Deparinunt. Ginger Cakes. — Beat 3 eggs in i>^ pt. of cream ; stir in a saucepan till warm ; add butter, 1 lb. ; loaf sugar, y^ lb. ; ginger, 2i^ ozs • Stir these ingredients over the flre to melt ana mix ; make into a good piiste with 2 lbs. of flour ; roll out, cut into forms half an inch thick. Lay on papers, and bake in a hot oven. Sugar Gingerbread. — Butter, 12 ozs.; sugar, finely powdered, 8 ozs. ; ground ginger, one table-spoon, and a little cinnamon, and nut- meg ; beat these up to a foam ; beat well 4 eggs, and mix them with the other. Add a cup of cream, a table-spoon of saleratus, or bicar- bonate of potass, dissolved in hot water. Stir in fine flour as long as it can be worked and knead thoroughly. Roll into thin cakes ; bake in a quick oven. To Make Gingerbread Cake.— Take V^ lb. of molasses ; 1^ oz. of ground ginger ; 3^ oz. of carraway seeds ; 2 ozs, of allspice ; 4 ozs. of orange peal, shred fine ; ^4. ^^- of sweet butter ; 6 ozs. of blanched almonds ; 1 lb. of honey ; and 1)^ ozs. of carbonate of soda ; with as much rtne flour as makes a dough of moderate consistence. Directions for Making. — Make a pit in tive pounds of flour '■ then pour in the molasses, and all the other ingredients, creaming thp butter ; then mix them all together into a dough ; work it well ; thep put in three-quarters of an ounce of tartaric acid, and put the dough into a buttered pan, and bake for two hours in a cool oven. To knov when it is ready, dip a fork into it, and if it comes sticky, put it in th« oven again, if not it is ready. Graham Bread. — Take 1 pt. common bread sponge; 1 pt. water* 3^ tea-cup nice syru]); 1 tea-spoon of soda; add graham flour to make nearly as stifl" as can be stirred with a spoon; let stand till light anrl bake u little longer than wheat bread. Corn Bread. — Take 1 pt. of corn meal, wet with cold water, pour on boiling water to make about as thick as mush, let stand on th« stove until thoroughly scalded; then add 1 tea-cup sour milk ; 1 heap- ing tea-spoon of soda; 1 tea-cup molasses; 1 heaping tea-spoon of salt ; and equal parts of corn meal and flour to make nearly as .stifl'afl can be stirred with a spoon ; let stand 3^ hour in a warm place, then steam 2 hours, and bake 2 hours. Red Currant Jelly. — With three parts of fine red currants mis one of white currants; put. them into a clean ])reserving-pan, and sti? them gently over a clear flre until the juice flows from them freely; then turn them into a fine hair sieve, and let them drain well, but without pressure. Pass the juice through a folded muslin, or a jelly bag; weigh it, and then boil it fast for a quarter of an hour; and for each pound, 8 ozs. of sugar coarsely powdered, stir this to it off" the fire until it is dissolved, give the jelly eight minutes more of quick boiling, and pour it out. It will be firm, and of excellent color and flavor. Be sure to clear oflF the scum as it rises, both before and aftei* the sugai" is put in, or the preserve will not be clear. Juice of red cur-- rants, 3 lbs. ; juice of white currants, 1 lb. ; fifteen minutes. Sugar, 2 1b.s. ; eight minutes. An excellent jelly may be made with equal parts of the juice of red and of white currants, and of raspberries, with the same proportion of sugar and degree of boiling as mentioned in the foregoing recipe. White Currant Jelly. — White currant jelly is made in the rams way as red currant jelly, only it should have double refined sugar, and not be boiled above ten minutes. White currant jelly should be put through a lawn sieve. Another Recipe for White Currant Jelly.— After the fruil is Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department. 539 .'tripped from the stalkja, put it into the pan, and wheri it boils, run it quickly through a sieve; take a pound of sugar to each pint of juice, and let it boil twenty minutes. An Excellent Jelly, (for the Sick-room).— Take rice, sago, pearl barley, harts^horn shavings, each 1 oz. ; simmer with 3 pts. of water to 1, and strain it. Wlien cold it will be a jelly, of which give, dissolved in wine, milk, or broth, in change with the other nourishment. True Lovers' Knots. — Boll out a piece of puff paste into a thin sheet, cut into pieces tliree or four inches square, fold each corner over into the center, and cut a pifce out from each side, leaving it in the form of a true lover's knot; put them on a tin, and bake them in a moderate oven; when they are done, place some jam or preserve on eacli point, and some in the center. Lemon Puffs. — Beat and sift 1 lb. of refined sugar; put it into a bowl, with the juice of two lemons, and mix them together; beat the white of an ^.gg to a high froth; put it into the bowl; put in 3 eggs ivith two rinds of lemon grated ; mix it well up, and throw sugar on the buttered papers ; drop on the pufls in small drops, and bake them 'n a moderately heated oven. Lemon Wliey. — Pour into boiling milk as much lemon juice as ♦pill make a small quantity quite clear; dilute with hot water to an Hgreeable sharp acid, and sweeten as you like. Oyster Pie. — The following directions may be safely relied upon. Take a large dish, butter it, and spread a rich paste over the sides and »round the edge, but not at the bottom. The oysters should be fresh, and as laige and fine as possible. Drain off part of the hquor from ihe oysters. Put them »nto a pan, and season them with pepper, salt, and sjiice. Stir them well with the seasoning. Have ready the yolks of eggs, chopped fine, and the grated bread. Pour the oysters (with BS much of their liquor as you please) into the dish that has the paste hi it. Btrew over them the chopped ^g'g and grated bread. Roll out the lid of tlie pie, and put it on, crimping the edges handsomely. Take a small sheet of paste, cut it into a square, and roll it up. Cut it with a sliarp knife into the form of a double tulip. Make a slit in the cen- ter of the upper crust, and stick the tulip in it. Cut out eight large leaves of paste, and lay them on the lid. Bake the pie in a quick oven. Oyster Fritters. — Make a batter of flour, milk, and eggs; season a very litile with nutmeg. Beard the oysters, and put as many as you think proper to each fritter. Potatoes, to Boil. — Boil in a saucepan without lid, with only suf- ficient water to cover them ; more would spoil them, as the potatoes contain much water, and it requires to be expelled. When the water aearly boils, pour it oft", and add cold water, with a good portion of salt. The cold water sends the heat from the surface to the centre of he potato, and makes it mealy. Boiling with a lid on, often produces cracking. Nev> potaloe* should be cooked soon after being dug ; wash well, and boil. The Irish, who boil potatoes to perfection, say they should always be boiled in their jackets; as peeling them for boiling is only oflering a premium for water to run through the potato, and rendering it sad and unpalatable; they should be well washed and put into cold water. *' Stop," says one, " till I immortalize my dear old mother's recipe: "To dress a potato, wash it well, but let there be no scraping. At the thiokest end out off a pie«e the size of a sixpence.'' This is the Mft^ 540 Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department. •ahe by which the steam, generated in the potato, escapes; and sucb escape prevents cracking. Pour all the water off, and let the skins bf> thoroughly dry before peeling. To Boil Potatoes. — Put them into a saucepan with scarcely suffi- cient water to cover thehi. Directly the skins begin to break, lift them from the fire, and as rapidly as possible pour off every drop of the wa- ter. Then place a coarse (we need not say clean) towel over them, and return them to the fire again until they are thoroughly done, and quite dry. A little salt, to flavor, should be added to the water before boiling. Potatoes Fried in Slices.— Peel large potatoes, slice them about a quarter of an inch thick, or cut them into shavings, as you would peel a lemon; dry them well in a clean cloth, and fry them in lard or drip- ping. Take care that the fat and frying-pan are quite clean; put it on a quick fire, and as soon as the lard boils, and is still, put in the slices of potato, and keep moving them until they are cris]); take them up, and lay them to drain on a sieve. Send to table with a little salt sprinkled over them. Potato Yeast. — Boil, and skin, and mash mealy potatoes. Mix hot water to make them as thin as pudding batter. Add to each lb. of potatoes 2 ozs. of molasses. When just warm, stir in for every lb. of potatoes 3 table-spoons of yeast. Keep it warm till it has done fei' menting, and in a day it will be ready for use. A Black Man's Recipe to Dresi* Rice. — Wash him well, much wash in cold water, the rice flour make him stick. Water boil all ready verj fast. Throw him in, rice can't burn, water shake him too much. Boi.' quarter of an hour or little more; rub one rice in thumb and finger, if all rub away him quite done. Put rice in colander, hot water run away; pour cup of cold water on him, put back rice in saucepan, keep him covered near the fire, then rice all ready. Eat him up! Puddings— Cheap, Wholesome, and Palatable.— Bread Pudding — In a three-pint tin dish beat 3 eggs, add 3 table-spoons of sugar, j. little nutmeg, then fill the dish to within an inch of the top with sweei milk, stir in 1 pt. of finely broken dry bread, and bake one hour. Rice Pudding:. — Wash and scald, but not boil, a tea-cup of rice add 1 tea-cup of sugar, and 3 pts. of milk, and a little nutmeg, -dnd bake slowly until rice is very soft. Raisins are an improvement, but do not spoil it with eggs, as most folks do. Cookies. — Two eggs, 1 tea-cup q^ sugar, }4 tea-cup of butter, U tea-spoon of soda, 1 table-spoon of water, caraway seed ; bake quickly but lightly. These cookies will be as fresh and nice when six weekf- old as when first baked. Elegant Bread Pudding. — Take light white bread, and cut it in thin slices. Put into a pudding shape a layer of any sort of preserve, then a slice of bread, and repeat until the mold is almost full. Pour over all 1 pt. of warm milk, in which 4 beaten eggs have been mixed; cover the mold with a piece of linen, place it in a saucepan with a little boihng water, let it boil twenty minutes, and serve with pud ding sauce. Batter Pudding. — Take of flour, 4 ozs. ; bi-carbonate of soda, 2 drs. ; a little sugar, and 1 egg. Mix with milk to a thin batter, and bake in a well-buttered tin, in a brisk oven, half an hour. A few cur- rants may be strewed in the bottom of the tin, if preferred. Taffy.— Butter, 2>^ ozs. ; sugar, lib.; melt and stir over the fire till it comes to tho crackled degree. The additio'^ of * little lemon juice greatlv Improves it. Some add ginger. A nice taffy may be Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department. 541 made as above, not boiled so much, by the addition of well strained jelly, as apricot, carrant, raspberry, strawberry, etc. Everton Taffy requires more butter. Some mix with the above taflFy blanched alnjonds. Taffy. — To 1 lb. of raw sugar add 2 ozs. of butter. When boiled to the crackled deg/ee, grain it, and pour it out in square tins, either oiled or buttered. Economy of Tea. — A given quantity of tea is similar to malt — \ only imparting strength to a given quantity of water; therefoie any additional quantity is waste. Two small tea-spoons of good black tea, and one three parts full of green, are sufficient to make three tea-cups agreeable, the water- being put in. in a boiling state, at once; a second addition of water gives a vapid riavor to tea. In preparing tea, a good economist will be careful to have the best water, that is, the so/test and least inipiegnated with foreign mixture; for if lea be infused in hard and in soft water, the latter will always yield the greatest quantity of the tannin matter, and will strike the deepest black with snlphate of iron in solution. Tea-Making. — Dr. Kitehiner recommends that all the water neces- sary should be pourod in at once, as the second drawing is bad. When much tea is wanted, it is better to have two tea-pots instead of two drawings. Another Method. — The water should be fresh boiled (not exhausted by long boiling). Scald the tea-pot and empty it; then put in as much water as necessary lor the first cups; put the tea on it as in brewing, and close the lid aa quickly as possible. Let it stand three minutes and a half, or, if the quantity be large, four minutes, then fill the cups. This is greatly superior to the ordinary method, the aroma being pre- seiTcd instead of escaping with the steam, as it does when the water is poured on the tea. Substitute for Cream in Tea or Coffee. — Beat the whiteof an egg to a froth, put to it a very small lump of butter, and mix well. Then ^tir it in gradually, so that it may not curdle. If perfectly mixed, it will be an excellent substitute for ci earn. In making coffee, obseive tliat the broader the bottom and the smaller the top of the vessel, tlie better the coftee will be. Turkish Mode of Making Coilee.— The Turkish way of making coffee produces a very diflercnt les^ult from that to which we are accus- tomed. A small conical saucepan, witli a long handle, and calculated to hold about two table-spoons of water, is the vessel used. The fresh roasted berry is pounded, not ground, and about a dessert-spoon is put into the minute boiler; it is then nearly filled with water, and thrust among the embers. A few seconds suffice to make it boil, and the de- coction, grounds and all, is poured out into a small cup, which fits into a brass socket, much like the cup of an acorn, and holding the china cup as that does the acorn itself The Turks seem to drink this decoc- tion boiling, and swallow the grounds with the liquid. We allow it to remain a minute, in order to leave the sediment at the bottom. It is always taken plain; sugar or cream would be thought to spoil it; and Europeans, after a little practice— (longer, however, than we had) — are said to prefer it to the clear infusion drank in France. In every hut these cotlee boilers may be seen suspended, and the means for pound- ing the roasted berry are always ready at hand. HINTS ON HOUSEKEEPINQ. BY THE PUBLISHER. A Hint on Household Management. — Have you ever obse)*v»vl what a dislike servants have to anything cheap? They hate saving their master's money. I tried this experiment with great succesei the otlier day. Fiadiujj^ we consumed a vast deal of soap, I sat down in my thinking ch:iir, and took the soap question into consideration, and I found reason to suspect we were using a very expensive article, where ;i much clieaper one would serve the purpose better. I ordered half a dozen pounds of both sorts, but took the precaution of changing th« papers on which Ihe prices were marked before giving them into the hands of Betty. " Well, Betty, which soap do you find washes best?"* "Oh, please siV, the dearest, in the blue paper; it makes a lather a» well again as the other." " Well, Betty, you shall always have it then ;" and thus the unsuspecting Betty saved me some pounds a year, and washed tlie clothes better. — Rev. Sidney Smith. Domestic Rules. — Mrs. Hamilton, in her " Cottagers of Glenbur nie," gives three simple rules for the regulation of domestic affaira which deserve to be remembered, and which would, if carried into practice, be the means of saving time, labor, and patience, and of making every house a "well-ordered" one. Tliey are as follows :- 1. Do everything in its proper time. 2. Keep everything to its prope« use. 3. Put everything in its proper place. An ever-dirty hearth, and a grate always choked with cinders and ashes, are infallible evidences of bad housekeeping. Economy. — If you have a strip of land, do not throw away soap- suds. Both ashes and soap-suds are good manure for bushes and youn^ plants. Woolen cloths should be washed in very hot suds, and not rinsed Lukewarm water shrinks them. Do not let cotFee and tea stand in tin. Scald your wooden-ware often, and keep your tin- ware dry. Preserve the backs of old letters to write upon. If you have children who are learning to write, buy coarse white pa|)er by the quantity, and keep it locked up, ready to be made into writing-books. This does not cost half so much as it does to buy them at the stationer's. See that nothing is thrown away which might have served to nour- ish your own family or a poorer one. As far as possible, have pieces of bread eaten up before they be- come hard ; spread those that are not eaten, and let them dry, to be pounded for puddings, or soaked for brewis. Brewis is made of crusts and dry pieces of bread, soaked a good while in hot milk, mashed up, and eaten with salt. Above all, do not let crusts accumulate in such quantities that they cannot be used. With proper care, there is no need of losing a particle of bread. All the mending in the house should be done once a week, if pos- sible. Minis on liousekeeping. ^4J N'ever put out sewing. If it be not possible to do it in your own family, hire some one into the liouse. and work witli tlaera. A wariuing-piin fnll of coals, or a shovel of coals, held over var- nished fiiniiture, will talie out white spots. Care should be taken not '() hold the clotlies near enouarh to scorch; and the place should be lubbed with a flannel while warm. Sal-volatile or hartshorn will restore colors taken out by acid. It may he dropped upon any garment without doing harm. ,' " New iron should be very gradually heated at first. After it has' become inured to the heat, it is not so likely to crack. Clean a brass kettle, before using it for cooking, vdth salt and vinegar. The oftener carpets are shaken, the longer they wear; the dirt that collects under them grinds out the threads. Linen rags should be carefully saved, for they are extremely use- ful in sickness. If they have become dirtj' and worn by cleaning sil- /■er, etc., wash them and scrape them into lint. If you are troubled to get soft water for washing, fill a tub or aarrel half full of wood ashes, and fill it up with water, so that you may have lye whenever you want it. A gallon of strong lye, put into ' great kettle of hard water, will make it as soft as rain water. Some people use pearl-ash, or potash ; but this costs something, and is very ipt to injure the texture of the cloth. Do not let knives be dropped into hot dish-water. It is a good jjlan to have a large tin pot to wash them in, just high enough to wash \he blades without wetting the handles. It is better to accomplish perfectly a very small amount of work, vhan to half do ten times as much. Charcoal powder will be found a very good thing to give knives a drst-rate polish. A bonnet and trimmings maj'- be worn a much longer time, if the "lust be brushed well ofi" after walking. Much knowledge may be obtained by the good housewife observ- ing how things are manat^ed in well-regulated families. Apples intended for dumplings should not have the core taken out of them, as the pips impart a delicious flavor to the dumpling. A rice pudding is most excellent without eithel eggs or sugar, if baked gently; it keeps better without eggs. "Willful waste makes woful want." Do not cook a fresh joint whilst any of the last remains uneaten — hash it up, and with gravy and a little management, eke out another day's dinner. The shanks of mutton make a good stock for nearly any kind of gravy, and tliey are very cheap— a dozen may be had for a penny, enough to make a quart of delicious soup. Tliick curtains, closely drawn around the bed, are very injurious, because they not only confine the effluvia thrown off from our bodies whil.«t in bed, but interrupt the current of pure air. Regularity in the payment of accounts is essential to housekeep- ing. All tradesmen's bills should be paid weekly, for then any errors tan be detected whilst the transactions are fresh in the memory. Allowing children to talk incessantly is a mistake. We' do not mean to say that they should be restrictea from talking in proper sea- Bons, but they should be taught to know when it is proper for tiieni to eease. Blacking for Leather Seats, etc.— Beat well the yolks of two if^gs and tke white of one ; mix a table-spoon of gin and a tea-spoon 544 Appendix to Bakers^ and Cooking Department. of sugar, thi",ken it with ivory black, add it to the eggs, and uso «s common blacking; the seats or cushions being left a day or two to harden. This is good for dress boots and shoes. Black Reviver for Black Cloth. — Bruised galls, 1 lb.; logwood, 2 lbs. ; green vitriol, 3>^ lb. ; water, 5 qts. Boil for two hours, and strain. iJsed to restore tlie color of black cloth. A Green Paint for Garden Stands, etc., may be obtained by mix- ing a quantity of mineral green and white lead, ground in turpentine, with a small portion of turpentine varnish, for the first coat; for the second, put as much varnish in the color as will produce a good gloga Hints for Home Comfort. — Eat slowly and you will not over-eat. Keeping the feet warm will prevent headaches. Late at breakfast — hurried for dinner — cross at tea. A short needle makes the most expedition in plain sewing. Between husband and wife little attentions beget much love. Always lay your table neatly, whether you have company or not. Put your balls or reels of cotton into little bags, leaving the endi" out. Whateyer you may choose to give away, always be sure to A;ec/ your temper. Dirty windows speak to the passer-by of the negligence of the iu mates. In cold weather a leg of mutton improves by being hung thre«i four, or five weeks. When meat is hanging, change its position frequently, to equally distribute the juices. Tiiere is niuch more injury done by admitting visitors to invalid* than is generally supposed. Matches, out of the reach of children, should be kept in ever> bedroom. They are cheap enough. Apple and suet dumplings are lighter when boiled in a net than :> cloth. Scum the pot well. When chamber towels get thin in the middle, cut them in two, se'w the salvages together, and hem the sides. When you are particular in wishing to hi>ve precisely what yov want from a butcher's, go and purchase it yourself. One flannel petticoat will wear nearly as long as two, if turner behind part before, when the front begins to wear thin. People in general are not aware how very essential to the healtl- of the inmates is the free admission of light into their houses. When you drv salt for the table, do not pla«e it in the salt-celU until it is cold, otherwise it will harden into a lump. Never put away plate, knives and forks, etc., uncleaned, or great inconvenience will arise when the articles are wanted. Feather beds should be oi)ened every third year, the ticking well dusted, soaped, and waxed, the feathers dressed and returned. Persons of defective sight, when threading a needle, should hohi it over something white, by wiiich the sight will be assisted. In mending sheets and shirts, put the pieces sufficiently large, or in the first washing the thin parts give way, and the work is all un- done. Reading by candle-light, place the candle behind you, that the rays may pass over your shoulder on to the book. Tbis will relieve the eyes. A wire fire-guard, for each fire-place in a house, costs little, and greatly diminishes tlie risk to life aad property. Fix them before going to bed. Hints on housekeeping. §45 In winter, get the work forward by daylight, to prevent running about at night with candles. Thus you escape grease spots, and risks of lire. Be at much pains to keep your children's feet dry and warm. Don't bury their bodies in heavy flannels and wools, and leave their knees and legs naked. Apples and pears, cut into quarters and stripped of the rind, baked with a little water and sugar, and eaten with boiled rice, are capital food for children. A leather strap, with a buckle to fasten, is much more commodious than a cord for a box in general use for short distances; cording and uncording is a tedious job. After washing, overlook linen, and stitch on buttons, hooks and eyes, etc.; for this purpose keep a "housewife's friend," full of mis- cellaneous threads, cottons, buttons, hooks, etc. For ventilation open your windows both at top and bottom. The fresh air rushes in one way, while the foul makes its exit the other. This is letting in your friend and expelling your enemy. There is not any real economy in purchasing cheap calico for gen- tlemen's night-shirts. Cheap calico soon wears into holes, and becomes discolored in washing. Sitting to sew by candle-light at a table with a dark cloth on it, is Injurious to the eyesight. When no other remedy presents itself, put a sheet of white paper before you. Persons very commonly complain of indigestion; how can it be veondered at, when they seem, by their habit of swallowing their food wholesale, to forget for what pui-pose they ai-e provided with teeth ? Never allow your servants to put wiped knives on your table, for, generally speaking, you may see that they have been wiped with a dirty cloth. If a knife is brightly cleaned, they are compelled to use a clean cloth. There is not anything gained in economy by having very young and inexperienced servants at low wages; they break, waste, "and de- stroy more than an equivalent for higher wages, setting aside comfort and respectability. No article in dress tarnishes so readily as black crape trimmings, and few things injure it more than damp; therefore, to preserve its beauty on bonnets, a lady in nice mourning should, in her evening tvalks, at all seasons of the year, take as her companion an old parasol to shade her crape. If your flat-irons are rough and smoky, lay a little fine salt on a flat surface and rub them well ; it will prevent ihem from sticking to anything starched, and make them smooth. Rub your griddle with fine salt before you grease it, and your cake will not stick. When walnuts have been kept until the meat is too much dried to be good, let them stand in milk and water eight hours, dry them, and they will be as fresh as when new. It is a good plan to keep your different kinds of pieces, tape, thread, etc., in separate bags, and there is no time lost in looking for them. Oat straw is best for filling beds, and it is well to change it as often as once a year. Cedar chests are best to keep flannels, for cloth moths are never found in them. Red cedar chips are good to keep in drawers, ward- robes, closets, trunks, etc, to keep out moths. 54^ Appendix to Bakers^ and Cooking Department. "When cloths have acquired an unpleasant odor bj'^ being from ib' air, charcoal laid in the folds will soon remove it. If black dresses have been stained, boil a handful of fig leaves \t a quart of water, and reduce it to a pint. A sponge dipped in the liquid and rubbed upon them, will entirely remove stains from crapes, bombazines, etc. In hiying up furs for summer, lay a tallow candle in ornearthem, and danger from worms will be obviated. To prevent metals from rusting, melt together three parts of lard and one of resin, and apply a very thin coating. It will preserve Rus- sia iion stoves and grates from rusting during summer, even in damp situations. The effect is equally good on brass, copper, steel, etc. The same compound forms an excellent water-proof paste for leather. Boots, when treated with it, will soon after take the usual polish, when blacked, and the soles may be saturated with it. Starching. — Take two ounces of tine white gum arable, put it in a pitcher, and pour on it one pint of boiling water; cover it, and let i' stand all night. In the morning pour it into a bottle, and cork it. iV table-spoon of it put in a pot of ordinary starch will improve it ver\ much. Butter — To Preserve for Winter.— Take two parts of the bes' common salt, one part of good loaf sugar, and one part of saltpetre beaten, and blended well together. Of this composition put 1 oz. t** 16 ozs. of butter, and work it well together in a mass. Press it into the pans after the butter has become cool ; for friction, though it bf not touched by the hands, will soften it. The pans should hold ten O) twelve pounds each. On the top put some salt; and when that is turned into brine, if not enough to cover the butter entirely, add some strong salt and water. Another Mode of Preserving.— Pour a pint of boiling water on ) lb. of common salt; add 3^ oz. of saltpetre, 1 oz. of lump sugar. Le' it stand till cold. Pour it off clear of sediment and put the butter int( it. This pickle will keep butter firm and sweet during the hottesi weather. Charcoal. — All sorts of glass vessels and other utensils may be purified from long retained smells of every kind, in the easiest and most perfect manner, by rinsing them out well with charcoal powder after the grosser impurities have been scoured off witli sand and potash Rubbing the teeth and washing out the mouth with tine charcoa'. powder, will render the teeth beautifully white, and the breath per fectly sweet, where an offensive breath has been owing to a scobutic disposition of the gums. Putrid water is immediately deprived of its bad smell by charcoal. When meat, fish, etc., from intense heat, or long keeping, are likely to pass into a state of corruption, a simple and pure mode of keeping them sound and healthful is by putting a few pieces of charcoal, each about the size of an q^^, into the pot or sauce- pan wherein the fish or flesh are to be boiled. Among others, an ex- periment of this kind was tried upon a turbot, which appeared to be too far gone to be eatable; the cook, as advised, put three or four pieces of charcoal, each of the size of an ^g'g^ under the strainer, in the fish kettle ; after boiling the proper time, the turbot came to the table sweet and firm. China and Glass-ware.— The best material for cleansing either porcelain or glass-ware, is fuller's earth • but it must be beaten into a fine powder, and carefully cleared fronv alJ rough or hard particlw, which might endanger the polish of the ^riHiai't surface. Hints on Hf a hot wheaten loaf rubbed over a carpet has been found effective. Beat a Carpet on the wrong side first ; and then more gently on the right side. Beware of using sticks with sharp points, which may ^ar the carpet. Sweeping Carpets. — Persons who are accustomed to use tea-leaves .:or sweeping their carpets, and find that they leave stains, will do well W) employ fresh cut grass instead. It is better than tea-leaves for pre- lenting dust, and gives the carpets a very bright, fresh look. A Half- worn Carpet may be made to last longer by ripping it Apart, and transposing the breadths. A Stair Carpet should never be swept down with a long broom, but always with a short-handled brush, and a dust-pan held closely "»nder each step of the stairs. Oil- Cloth should never be scrubbed with a brush, but, after being tirst swept, it should be cleansed by washing with a large soft cloth tnd lukewarm or cold water. On no account use soap or hot water, as %ither will bring off the paint. Straw Matting may be cleaned with a large coarse cloth dipped water. Flannels, to Wash. — Do not use boiling water, but as hot aa the hands can bear. Wash with good brown soap and a little pearl-ash, or soda and blue. All Flannels should be soaked before they are made up, 4rst ib cold then in liot water, in order to shrink them. Flannel should always be washed with white soap, and in hot but not boiling water. To Clean Looking-Glasses. — First wash the glass all over with lukewarm soapsuds and a sponge. When dry, rub it bright with a buckskin and a little prepared chalk linely powdered. , Hams, to Cure.— If the weather be cool, hang it up two days be- fore it is salted. ' Beat it with a rolling-pin. Take plenty of common salt; coarse sugar, % lb.; saltpetre, 4 ozs.; mix; warm; rub the haiA with it well, and lay the rest of the salt upon it; in two days turn >«-» Hints on Hmtsekeeptng. 549 fv.b il well with brine ; baste it several times a day for a month, for a iaro^e ham ; drain, wash off the salt with cold water; dry with a cloth; rub black pepper over the inside and in at the knuckles; hang in a warm room to dry. HamSy to Keep. — The most effectual way is to tie them closely in cotton or canvass bags. Hang in a dry, cool, and well ventilated room when bagged. The bags should be whitewashed. To Preserve Steel Goods from Bust* — After bright grates have been thoroughly cleaned, they should be dusted over with unslacked lime, and thus left until wanted. The coils of piano wires thus sprinkled, will keep from rust for many years. Table-knives, which are not in constant use ought to be put in a case in which sifted quick- lime is placed, about eight inches deep. They should be plunged to the top of the blades, but the lime should not touch the handles. Iron and Steel Goods from Rust.— Dissolve half an oimce of ;amphor in one pound of hog's lard ; take off the scum ; mix as much olack lead as will give the mixture an iron color. Iron and steel goods, Tibbed over with this mixture, and left with it on twenty-four hours, •ind then dried with a linen cloth, will keep clean for months. Valu- -^ble articles of cutlery should be wrapped in zinc foil^ or be kept in '»oxes lined with zinc. This is at once an easy and most effective •Qethod. Iron-Monld, to Remove. — ^Rub the iron-mould part with a little wxalic acid, or salts of lemon, dissolved in warm water. After remain- ing ten minutes, rinse well in wai-m and then in cold water. Or, ap- oly a mixture of milk and salts. Iron and Steel, to Prevent from Rusting. — Fat oil varnish, one part, and rectified spirits of turpentine, three parts, intimately mixed, and applied with a sponge. Camphor, lard, and black lead, mixed, applied, and after two days wiped off, will preserve from rust. Or, «mear over the iron, or metal, hardware, etc., with melted mutton suet, *nd dust with powdered unslacked lime. Blown paper is a good preservative from rust. Hence all SheflieW »nd Birmingham Hardware, Cutlery, etc., are wrapped in brown paper Kettlts, Incrustation or Furrinsr to Prevent.— Keep in the ves «el a clean marble, a cockle, or oyster shell; these will attract the par. \icles of sand. Leather, To Clean. — Uncolored leather may be cleaned by ap« plying a soUution of oxalic acid with a sponge. Dissolve in warm water. Knives, Handles of, to Fasten. — Melt resin, add brick-dust, and mix well together. This is a very good cement for this and other pur- poses. Shellac, and prepared chalk, intimately mixed, answer well. Heat the part to be inserted, and fill the aperture with the mixture. Press it in. Milk, to Preserve. — Milk often turns by an acid developed in the liquid. To prevent it, add to the milk a small portion of bi-carbonate of soda. Tiiis is uot at all injurious to health; but rather aids diges- tion. Many of the great dairies on the continent adopt this method. Mildew, to Remove. — Soap the linen previously wetted, and ap- ply salt and lemon juice to both sides; or apply finely powdered pipe clay, or Fuller's earth, or finely powdered chalk. Expose it for several hours to the atmosphere. Mildew, to Remove. — Mix soft soap with powdered starch, half as much salt, and the juice of a lemon, and lay on with a brush. Let it lay on the grass day and night till the staiu is gone. Oj, take 2 ozs. of 550 Appendix to Baker^ and Cooking Department. chloride of lime, pour on it a quart of boiling water, and then add 3 qts. of cold water; steep the linen 10 or 12 hours, when every spot will be extracted. Mix oxalic acid, citric acid, and milk together; rub into the linen; repeat as it dries ; wash, and bleach on the grass. Marble, to Clean. — Soap lees mixed with quick-lime, pretty thick, and applied for a day, then washed off with soap and water. Or, mu- riatic acid diluted with water, taking care that it be not too strong. Or, soft soap, 1 lb. ; whiting, powdered, 1 lb. ; soda, 1 oz. ; boil together 20 minutes ; apply for 24 hours, wash off with clean water, and polish with a piece oi felt, or coarse flannel. Iron stains on marble are re- moved by a mixture of lemon juice and sulphuric acid ; apply for a few minutes, and then rub with a soft cloth. Marble, Imitation of. — Make a solution of alum, and of half as much of the best glue as alum. Mix with one part whiting, or rather less, and three parts of well-baked plaster of Paris. It may be colored by first staining the water. It sets very hard. Marble, to Polish. — Mix a quantity of the strongest soap-lees with quick-lime, to the consistence of milk, and lay it on the stone, etc., for twenty-four hours, clean it afterwards with soap and water, and it will appear as new. To Clean Marble. — Take two parts of common soda, one part o) pumice stone, and one part of finely powdere(J chalk ; sift it through a fine sieve, and mix it with water ; then rub it well all over the marble, and the stains will be removed ; then wash the marble over with soap and water, and it will be as clean as it was at first. Glass should be washed in cold water, which gives it a brighter and clearer look than when cleansed with warm water. Musty Casks, to Sweeten. — Throw in burning coals, and then cola water. Public brewers wash their casks with lime and water, mixed nearly to the consistence of paint; remain till dry, and then wash well with water. To Stop the Ravages of Moths.— Camphor will not stop th»- ravages of moths in carpets after they have commenced eating. Thei they pay no regard to the presence of camphor, cedar, or tobacco. A good way to kill them is to take a coarse crash towel and wring it oul of clear water. Spread it smoothly on the carpet, then iron it ; dry with a good hot iron, repeating the operation on all suspected places and those least used. It does not injure the pile or color of the carpet in the least. It is not necessary to press hard, heat and steam being the agents, and they do the work effectually on worms and eggs. Then the camphor will doubtless prevent future depredations of the miller. Our Recipe for Curing Meat.— To one gallon of water, take 1>^ lbs. of salt; 3^ lb. of sugar; J^ oz. of saltpetre; J^ oz. of potash. In this ratio the pickle can be increased to any quantity desired. Let these be boiled together until all the dirt from the sugar rises to the top and is skimmed off. Then throw it into a tub to cool, and when cold pour it over your beef or pork, to remain the usual time, say four or five weeks. The meat must be well covered by the pickle, and should not be put down for at least two days after killing, during which time it may be slightly sprinkled with powdered saltpetre, which removes all the surface blood, etc., leaving the meat fresh and clean. Some omit boiling the pickle, and find it to answer well, though the operation of boiling purifies the pickle by throwing off the dirt always to be found in salt and sugar. If this recipe is properly tried, it will never be abandoned. There i» none that surpass it, if so* good. — Q-wmantovm Telegraph. Hints on Housekeeping, 551 Odors, Unpleasant to Remoye.— Burnt coffee is the best disinfec- tant, and it is very agreeable. For water closets, night chairs, etc., chloride of lime, and even common lime, should be used. Or, sugar of lead, 1 oz. ; aquafortis, 1 oz. ; iu nearly 1 quart of water. This is effectual to cleanse utensils from bad odors. Or, charcoal powder, and camphor dissolved; the articles well rinsed with the composition. Poultry, to Feed.— " As I suppose you keep poultry, I may tell y<)u that it Fias been ascertained that if you mix with their food a suffi- cietit quantity of egg-shells or chalk, which they eat greedily, chey will lay coeteru paribus, two or th^-ee times as many eggs as before. A well fed fowl is disposed to lay a vast number of eggs, but cannot do so without the material for the shells, however nourishing in other respects her food may be ; indeed, a fowl fed on food and water free from car- bonate of lime, and not finding any in the soil, or in the shape of mor- tar, which they of ten eat off the wall, would lay no eggs at all with the best will in the world " — Professor Oregory. Picture Tarnish. — Mastic varnish. Paint, To Remove from Cloth.— Apply spirits of turpentine with d. sponge. Grease on cloth may be removed by frequent layers of blotting paper placed over the grease spot, and pressing with a flat-iron. Paint, To Remove Spots of. — Apply spirits of turpentine to the spot, and after a while rub the cloth as if washing, and the paint will crumble off; if not, apply the turpentine again. Paint, To take away the Smell of. — Water neutralizes the smell of paint. Vessels of water placed in a newly painted room, will re- move the smell, especially if impregnated with a little sulphuric acid. Or straw and hay well saturated with water. Or chloride of lime and water. To Clean Paint. — A correspondent of the Country Oenttzman says: (Jse but little water at once; keep it warm and clean by changing it often. A flannel cloth takes off all fly specks better than cotton. Soap will remove the paint, so use but little of it. Cold tea is the best liquid for cleaning varnished paint, window panes and mirrors. A saucer of sifted ashes should always be standing at hand 10 clean un- varnished paint that has become badly smoked ; it is better than soap. Never put soap upon glass unless it can be thoroughly rinsed off, which can never be done to window-glass. Wash off the specks with warm lea, and rub the panes dry ; then make a paste of whiting and water, and put a little in the center of each pane. Take a dry cloth and rub it all over the glass, then rub it oft" with a chamois-skin or flannel, and your glass will shine like crystal. Paint. — To get rid of the smell of oil paint, plunge a handful of hay into a pailful of water, and let it stand in the room newly painted. Iron Stains may be removed from marble by wetting the spots with oil of vitriol, or with lemon-juice, or with oxalic ucitl diluted in spirit of wine, and, after a quarter of au hour, rubbing them dry with a soft linen cloth. To Take Marking-Ink out of Linen. — Use a saturated solution of cyanuret of potassium applied with a camel-hair brush. After the marking-ink disappears, the linen should be well washed in cold water. To Take Stains of Wine out of Linen.— Hold the articles in milk while it is boiling on the fire, and the stains will soon disappear. lYnit Stains in Linen. — To remove them, rub the part on each side >vith yellow soap, then tie up a piece of pearlash in the cloth, etc., an(il 552 Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department. soak well in Jiot water, or boil; at'terwanli expose the stained part to the sun and air until removed. Mildewed Linen may be restored by soaping the spots while wet, covering them with tine chalk scraped to powder, and rubbing it well in. To keep Moths, Beetles, etc., from Clothes.— Put a piece of cam- phor ill a linen bag, or some aromatic herbs, in the drawers, among linen or woolen clothes, and neither moth nor worm will come near them. Clothes closets that have become infested with moths should be well rubbed with a strong decoction of tobacco, and repeatedly sprink- led with spirits of camphor. Medicine Stains may be removed from silver spoons by rubbing them with a rag dipped in sulphuric acid, and washing it off with soap-suds. To Remove Iron Rust or Tomato Stains from Linen or Cotton Cloth. — Wet the spot with cold water, and place the cloth in the sun- shine. Then mix equal quantities of cream-tartar and table salt, and sprinkle the mixture upon it until the dampness has absorbed a great deal, then lay on enough to hide the spot. Wet the spot with cold water every half hour, and, if the stain is then seen, cover it again with the cream-tartar and salt. Keep it in the sunshine, and continue tiiese applications till the stain is gone — if recently contracted, two or three applications will remove it. Muslins, To Keep a Good Color.— Never wash muslins, or any kind of cotton goods, with linen; for the latter discharges a kind of gum, and coloring matter, every time it is washed, which discolors th« muslin and cotton — wash them by themselves. Muslins, Uninflammable. — Mix with starch about the same weight of carbonate of lime, commonly called Spanish white or Spanish ch.ilk. It does not deteriorate the appearance or injure the material of the muslin. Velvet. — When velvet gets plushed from pressure, hold the parts over a basin of hot water, with the lining of the article next the water; the pile will soon rise, and assume its original beauty. To Renovate Silks. — Sponge foded silks with warm water and soap, then rub them with a dry cloth on a flat board; afterwards irun them on the inside with a smoothing-iron. Old black silks may be improved by sponging with spirits; in this case, the ironing may be done on tlie right side, thin paper being spread over to prevent glazing. Black Silk Reviver. — Boil logwood in water for half an hour ; then simmer the silk half an hour; take it out, and put into tlie dye a little blue vitriol, or green copperas; cool it, and simmer the silk for half an hour. Or, boil a handful of fig-leaves in two quarts of water until it is reduced to one pint; squeeze the leaves, and bottle the liquor for use. When wanted, sponge the silk with this preparation. Restoring Color to Silk. — When the color has been taken from silk by acids, it may be restored by applying to the spot a little harts- horn, or sal-volatile. Ink Stains. — Very rrequently, when logwood has been used in manufacturing ink, a reddish stain still remains, after the use of oxa?lc acid, as in the former directions. To remove it, procure a solution of the chloride of lime, and apply it in the same manner as directed for the oxalic acid. Grease Spots from Silk. — Upon a deal table lay a piece of woolen cloth or baize, upon which lay smoothly the part stained, with the Joints on H(msekeeping. re^ right side downwards. Having spread a piece of brown paper on the top, apply a flat-iron just hot enough to scorch the paper. About five or ei^ht seconds is usually sufficient. Then rub the stained part briskly with a piece of cap-paper. Washing Bed Furniture, etc,— Before putting into the water, see that you shake off as much dust as possible, or you will greatly in- crease your labor. Use no soda, or pearlash, or the articles will lose their color. Use soft water, not hot, but warm; have plenty of it. Rub with mottled soap. On wringing out the second liquor, dip each piece into cold hard water for finishing. Shake out well, and dry quickly. If starch is desired, it may be stirred into the rinsing water. Washing. — To save your linen and your labor — pour on half a pound of soda two quarts of boiling water, in an earthenware pan; take half a pound of soap, shred fine; put it into a saucepan with two quarts of cold water; stand it on a fire till it boils; and when perfectly dissolved and boiling, add it to the former. Mix it well, and let it ■^tand till cold, when it will have the appearance of a strong jelly. Let rour linen be soaked in water, the seams and any other soiled part •ubbed in the usual way, and remain till the following morning. Get rour copper ready, and add to tlie water about a pint basin full ; when Vkkewarmi put in your linen, and allow it to boil for twenty minutes, ftinse it in the usual way, and that is all which is necessary to get it clean, and to keep it in good color. The above recipe is invaluable ta 'lousekeepers. If you have not tried it, do so without delay. When water is hard, and will not readily unite with soap, it will always be proper to boil it before use; which will be found sufficiently efficacious, if the hardness depends solely upon the impregnation of lime. Even exposure to the atmosphere will produce this effect in a ^reat degree upon spring water so impregnated, leaving it much fitter for lavatory purposes. In both cases the water ought to be carefully poured off from the sediment, as the neutralized hme, when freed from its extra quantity of carbonic acid, falls to the bottom by its own gravity. To economize the use of soap, put any quantity of pearlash into a large jar, covered from the dust ; in a few days the alkali will become liquid, which must be diluted in double its quantity of soft water, with an equal quantity of new-slacked lime. Boil it half an hour, frequently stirring it; adding as much more hot water, and drawing off the liquor, when the residuum may be boiled afresh, and drained, until it ceases to feel acrid to the tongue. Water, To Purify.— Put into it powdered charcoal, then filter through a compressed sponge, and it will become perfectly sweet, however impure previously. Water may be filtered and purified by means of a deep flower- pot, with a compressed sponge in the hole at the bottom. Put over the sponge an inch thick of pebbles, next an inch of coarse sand, next a layer of charcoal, and over again pebbles. The water will filter pure and clear through the hole into another vessel. Water, To Purify. — A large spoonful of pulverized alum sprinkled into a hogshead of water (the water stirred round at the time), will, after the lapse of a few hours, so purify it that it will be found to pos- sess nearly the freshness and clearness of finest spring water. A pail- ful containing four gallons may be purified by a single spoonful; or a mixture of one part chalk and two of alum will be still better. Water, to Soften. — Wood ashes form a good lye for softening wa- ter, but care must be taken that tliey sliould be all wood. Water, Hard, To Make Soft.— Boil it, and expose it to the atmos- phere. Add a little carbonate of soda. MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. WASHING FLUID-Saving Half tlio Wasb-Board Labor.— Sa^ soda, 1 lb.; stone lime, i^ lb.; water, 5 qts. Boil a short time, stirring occasionally; then let it settle and pour off the clear fluid into a stone jug, and cork for use. Soak your white clothes over night, in simple water; wring out, and soap wristbands, collars, and dirty or stained places. Have your boiler half filled with water, and when at scalding heat, put in one common tea-cup of the fluid, stir, and put in your clothes, and boil for half an hour; then rub lightly through one sud.' only, rinsing well in the bluing water, as usual, and all is complete. If you wish to wash on Monday, put warm suds to tliC clothe- whilst breakfast is being got ready ; then wring out and soap as above will do just as well as soaking them over night, and my wife thinkv better. For each additional boiler of clothes add half a cup of the fluir only; of course boiling in the same water through the whole washing If more water is needed in the ' liler for the last clothes, dip it fron. the sudsing tub. Soak your \i olen and calico in the suds from wliicL you have washed the white clothes, whilst hanging them out, dipping in some of the boiling water from the boiler, if necessar; ; then wash out the woolen and calico as usual — of course, washing out woolei. goods before you do the calico. The fluid brightens instead of fading the colors in calico. This plan hot only saves the two rubbings which women give thei. clothes before boiling, and more than half of the soap— does not in jure the clothes, but saves their wear in two rubbings before boiling and is a good article for removing grcar3 from floors, doors, and win dows, and to remove tar or grease from the hands, etc. I hope every Ifidy into whose hands this recipe may fall, will giv» it a trial, as my family have novtr used it over seven years, not missing only two washings. It does not rot clothes, but make,s them wa?h full or more than one-half easier than the old way. Seven years ought to be considered a sufficient test. The honor of this recipe is accredited to Prof. Ljebig, of Ger- many. I have found many women using turpentine, alcohol, ammonia, camphor gum, etc., in their washing fluids; but none of them ought ever to be used for such purposes, (one woman lost the use of her arm for six months, by using a fluid containing turpentine); the turpentine and alcohol especially, tend to open the pores of the skin, and thus make the person more liable to take cold in flanging (,ut the clothes, as also to weaken the arm. And here let me say, if it is possible to avoid it. never allow the- woman who washes the clothes, and thus becomes warm and sweaty, to hang them out; and especially ought this to be regarded in the wi'V Miscettaneous Department, 555 ter or windy weather. Many cousumptions are undoubtedly brought on by these frequently repeated colds, in this way. It works upon the principle that two thin shoes make one cold, two colds an attack of bronchitis, two attacks of bronchitis one consumption — the end, a coffin. LIQUID BLUING— For Clothes.— Most of the bluing sold is poor stuff, leaving specks in the clothes. To avoid this : Take best Prussian-blue, pulverized, 1 oz. ; oxalic acid, also pul- verized, J^ oz. ; soft water, 1 qt. Mix. _ The acid dissolves the blue and holds it evenly in the water, so that specking will never take place. One or two taljle-spoons of it is sufficient for a tub of water, according to the size of the tub. Chinese-blue, when it can be got, is the best, and only .costs one shilling an ounce, with three cents for the acid, will give better satis- faction than fifty cents worth of the common bluing. This amount has now lasted my family over a vear. SOAPS.— Soft Soap— For Half the Expense and One-fourth the Tronble of the Old Way. — Take white-bar soap, 4 lbs., ent it line and dissolve, by heating in soft water, 4 gals , adding sal-soda, 1 lb. When all is dissolved and well mixed, it is done. Yellow soap does very well, but Colgate's white is said to be the best. But our "White Hard Soap" is the same kind. This soap can be made thicker or more thin, by using more or less water, as you may think best after once making it. Even in com- mon soft soap, if this amount of sal-soda is put into that number of gallons, washing will be done much easier, and the soap will more thun compensate for the expense and trouble of the addition. 2. German Er*sive, or Yellow Soap.— Tallow and sal-soda, of each, 112 lbs. ; resin. 56 lbs.; stone lime, 28 lbs.; palm oil, 8 lbs.; soft water, 28 gals. ; ov, for sviall quantities, tallow and sal-soda, of each, 1 lb.; resin, 7 ozs. ; stone lime, 4 ozs. ; palm oil, 1 oz. ; soft water, 1 qt. Put .soda, lime and water into a kettle, and boil, stirring well; then let it settle, and pour off the lye. In another kettle, melt the tallow, resin, and palm oil, having it hot, the lye being also boiling hot; mix all together, stirring well, and the work is done. 3. Hard Su?p, with Lard. — Sal-soda and lard, of each, 6 lbs. ; stone lime, 3 lbs. ', soft water, 4 gals. Dissolve the lime and soda in the water, by boiling, stirring, settling and pouring off; then return to the kettle (brass or ropper) and add the lard and boil until it becomes soap; then pour into a dish or moulds, and when cold, cut it into bars and let it diy. This recipe ^as obtained by finding an overcoat with it in the pocket, and also a piece of the soap; the man kept it with him, as it irritated his salt-rheum so much less than other soaps. It has proved valuable for washing generally, and also for shaving purposes. It would be better than half the toilet soaps sold, if an ounce or two of sassafras oil was stirred into this amount; or a little of the soap might be put in a separate di.sh, putting in a little of the oil, to correspond with the quantity of soap. 4. White Hard Soap, with Tallow. — Fresh slacked lime, sal- soda, and tallow, of each, 2 lbs.; dissolve the soda in 1 gal. boiling soft water; now mix in the lime, stirring occasionally for a few hours; after which let it settle, pouring off the clear liquor and boiling the tallow therein until it is all dissolved: cool it in a flat box or pan, and «ut into bars, or cakes. a»» preferred. It can be flavored wi4h sassafras oil as the last, by stirring it iu 556 Dr. Chase's Recipes. when cool. It can be colored also, if desired, as mentioned in the "Variegated Toilet Soap." When any form of soda is used in making soap, it is necessary to use lime to give it causticity; or, in other words, to make it caustic; which gives it much greater power upon the grease, by removing tlie carbonic acid; hence tlie benetit of putting lime in the bottom of a leach when making soap from common ashes. 5. Transparent Soap. — Take nice yellow bar soap, 6 lbs. ; cut it- thin and put into a brass, tin, or copoer kettle, with alcohol, 3^ gal. ; heating gradually over a slow tire, stirring until all is dissolved; then add an ounce of sassafras essence, and stir until well mixed ; now pour it into pans about \% inches deep, and when cold, cut into square bars, the length or width of the pan, as desired. This gives you a nice toilet soap for a trifling expense, and whew fully diy it is very transparent. 6. One Hundred Pounds of Good Soap for $1.30.— Take potash, 6 lbs., 75 cts. ; lard, 4 lbs., 50 cts. ; resin, 3^ lb., 5 cts. Beat up the resin, mix all together, and set aside for five days; then put the whole into a ten-gallon cask of warm water, and stir twice a day for ten days; at the expiration of which time you will have one hundred pounds of excellent soap. 7. Chemical Soft Soap. — J. Hamilton, an English gentleman, and proprietor of the Eagle Hotel, Aurora, Indiana, makes his soap for house use as follows : Take grease, 8 lbs. ; caustic soda, 8 lbs. ; sal-soda, 1 lb. ; melt the grease in a kettle, melt the sodas in soft water, 4 gals., and p©ur all into a barrel holding 40 gals., and fill up with soft water, and the la- bor is done. When the cavistic soda cannot be obtained of soap-makers, you will make it by taking soda-ash and fresh slacked lime, of each eight pounds; dissolving them in the water with the sal-soda, and when set- tled, pouring ofl" the clear liquid, as in the "White Hard Soap with Tallow." §. Soap without Heat. — Mr. Tomlinson, writing to Judge Buel, says : " My wife has no trouble about soap. The grease is put into a cask, and strong lye added. During the year, as the fat increases, more lye is stirred in; and occasionally stiiied with a stick that is kept in it. By the time the cask is full, the soap is made for use." There is no mistake about this manner of making soap. The only object of boiling is to inci'ease the strength of weak lye and hasten the process. 9. Windsor, or Toilet Soap. — Cut some new white bar soap into thin slices, melt it over a slow tire, and scent it with oil of caraway; when perfectly dissolved, pour it into a mould and let it remain a week, then cut it into such sized squares as you may require. 10. Variegated Toilet Soap. — Soft water, 3 qts. ; nice white bar soap, 3 lbs.; sal-soda, 2 ozs. ; Chinese vermilion, and Chinese blue, of each, as much as will lie on a five-cent piece; oil of sassafras, )^ oz. Shave the soap fine, and put it into the water as it begins to boil; when dissolved, set it from the fire ; take out a cup of the soap and stir in the vermilion; take out another cup of the soap and stir in tiie blue ; then pour in one of the cups and give two or three turns only with the stirring stick; then put in the other in the same way; and finally pour into a suitable box; and when cold it can be cut into bars; or it can be run in moulds, if desired. It will become hard in a short time, giving Miscellaneous Department. 557 most excellent satisfaction. If stirred thoroughly, after putting in the colors, it would be all of a mixed color; but giving it only two or three turns, leaves it in streaks, most beautiful. Soap manufacturers generally use soda, in preference to wood- ashes, because less troublesome; and to make it more caustic, or in otlier words, to absorb the carbonic acid gas, they must put about pound for pound of recently slacked lime with soda-ash, or sal -soda ; dissolving by heat or stirring, or by both, using sufficient water to make the lye support a fresh-laid egg, and drawing it off clear of the lime sediment. Thirteen hundred pounds of the tallow, or there- abouts, with this lye, make one ton of white soap ; and yellow soap, by using ten hundred of tallow and three hundred and fifty of yellow resin, for each ton, boiling with the lye until they unite; then pouring into frames, made to fit one upon another, to cool and harden; finally taking off one frame at a time, and with a wire, having a handle at each end to draw it with, cut into slices, then bats, and cording up, as wood, to dry. If wood-ashes are used, plenty of lime must be put into the bottom of the leach. TALLOW CANDLES— For Summer Use.— Most tallow, in sum- mer, is more or less soft, and often quite yellow. To avoid both : Take your tallow and put a little bees-wax with it, especially if your bees-wax is dark and not fit to sell; put into a suitable kettle, adding xoeak lye, and gently boil, an hour or two each day for 2 days, stirring and skimming well; each morning cutting it out and scraping off the bottom wliich is soft, adding fresh lye (be sure it is not too strong), 1, or 2, or 3 gals., according to the" amount of tallow. The third morning use water in which alum and saltpetre are dissolved, at the rale of 1 lb. each for 30 lbs. of tallow; then simmer, stir, and skim again; let cool, and you can take it off the water for use. Tliey may be dipped or run in moulds. For dipping, allow two pounds for each dozen candles. Saltpetre and alum are said to harden la/rd for candles; but it can be placed among the humbugs of the day. But I will give you a plan which is a little shorter for hardening tallow; either will work well — take }'our choice : 2. Tallow— To Cleanse and Bleach. — Dissolve alum, 5 lbs., in water, 10 gals., by boiling; and when it is all dissolved, add tallow, 20 lbs.; continue the boiling for an hour, constantly stirring and skim- ming; when sufficiently cool to allow it, strain through thick muslin ; then set aside to harden; when taken from the water, lay it by for a short time to drip. Dip or mould, as you please, not expecting them to "run" in sumujer nor '"crack" in winter. They will also burn very brilliantly, at which, however, you will not be surprised when you consider the amount of tilth thrown off in cleansing, FEXCE POSTS— To Prevent Rotting.— A correspondent of the Americnn Agriculturalist says : "I think it would be well to call the attention of farmers to the use of coal-tar as a paint. The tar produced in coal gas-works is ex- tensively used in England for painting fences, out-buildings, etc., and is being introduced in this country also. It never alters by exposure to the weather; and one or two good coats will last for many years. It is the cheapest and best black paint that can be used. Our buildings are painted witVv it; all our apparatus also; and even the wrought-iron pipe we place in the ground Is coated with it. I think if its advantages Were fully known, It would be generally used throughout the United 5^8 iyr. Chase's RecipeL States. The Government soak the brick used in building the fort afc Throg's Neck in this tar, which renders them impervious to water; and posts painted with it are protected from rot, when in the ground, as effectually as if they had been charred." I know this tar is much moi-e effectual than charring, and is not one-tenth the trouble. There are posts near this city which have now been set over ten years, and yet no appearance of decay. The coating is still perfect also. The only objection to it as a paint above ground, is its offensive smell, from the heat of the sun. No persons should allow themselves to set a single post without its application, and farmers who are putting out much fence, cannot pos- sibly be so short-sighted as to neglect it after it once comes to their notice- It is doubly important to railroad companies from the fact that these roads run through the most level portions of country, and con- sequently the most swampy and wet, therefore fence posts are the more liable to rot. The mode of application "s as follows : Have a large iron kettle so arranged that you can make and keep the tar hot, then, after having removed the bark, if any, set the end of the post into the tar; and if the tar is not sutficiently deep to take the post into it as far as you wish to tar it, have a swab of cloth tied upor a broom-handle or other stick, and swab it up at least 6 to 10 inciies above the ground-line when the post is set; then lift up the post, let- ting it drip a moment, and lay it away upon rails or poles placed for that purpose, not allowing them to touch each other until dry. Two men will tar about five hundred posts in one day; and one barrel of tar will be sufficient for that number. Who, then, will hesi- tate to adopt its use, especially when the tar can be purchased at the gas-works for about two dollars per barrel ? MEATS, TO PRESERVE.— Beef : To Pickle for Long Keepiug. —First, thoroughly rub salt into it and let it remain in bulk for 24 hours, to draw off the blood. Second, take it up, letting it drain, and pack as desired. Third, have ready a pickle prepared as follows :— For every 100 lbs. of beef, use 7 lbs. of salt; saltpetre and caj^enne pep- per, "of each, 1 oz. ; molasses, 1 qt., and soft water, 8 gals.; boil and skim well; and when cool, pour it over the beef. This amount will cover one hundred pounds, if it has been prop- erly packed. I have found persons who use nothing but salt with the water, and putting on hot, scalding again at the end of tliree weeks, and putting on hot again. Tlie only object claimed for putting tlie brine on the meat while hot, is, that it hardens the surface, which re- tains the juices, instead of drawing them off. 2. The Michigan Farmer's Method.— Is : " For each 100 lbs of beef, use salt, 6 lbs. ; saltpetre, }^ oz. ; brown sugar, 1 lb.; dissolve in sufficient water to cover the meat— two weeks after, lake up, drain- throw away the brine— make more tiie same as first— it will keep tlie season through. When to be boiled for eating, put into boiling water — for soups, into cold water." I claim a preference for the first plan, of drawing off the blood before pickling, as saving labor; and that tlie cayenne and saltpetre improve tlie flavor and help preserve ; and that boiling and skimming cleanse the brine very much. Of late years I pursue the following : 3. Beef— To Pickle for Winter or Present Use, and for Drying. —Cut your beef into sizable pieces, sprinkle a little salt upon the bot- tom of the barrel only, then pack your beef without salt amongs* U, Miscellaneous Department, 559 and when packed pour over it a brine made by dissolving 6 lbs. of salt for each 100 lbs. of beef, in just sufficient cold water to handsomely cover it. Tou will find that you can cut and fry as nice as fresh, for a long time; just right for boiling, also; and when it gets a little too salt for frying, you can freshen it nearly as nicely as pork, for frying pur- poses, or you can boil it, then make a stew for breakfast, very nice in- deed. By the other plan it soon becomes too salt for eating, and the juices are drawn off by the salt In three weeks, perhaps a little less, such pieces as are designed for drying will be ready to hang up, by soaking over night to remove the salt from the outside. Do not be afraid of this way, for it is very nice for winter and drying purposes; but if any is left until warm weather, throw away this brine, put salt amongst what is left, and cover with the first brine, and all is right for long keeping. 4, Mimon Hams— To Pickle for Drying.— First take weak brine and put the hams into it for 2 days, then pour off and apply the fol- lowing, and let it remain on from 2 to 3 weeks, according to size : — For each 100 lbs., take salt, 6 lbs. ; saltpetre,, 1 oz. ; saleratus, 2 ozs. ; ■oiolasses, 1 pt. ; water, 6 gals., will cover these if closely packed. The saleratus keeps the mutton from becoming too hard. 5, Curing, Smoking, and Eee^ing Hams.— Rose Cottage, AIUNOIE, Ind., Nov. 26th, 1859 : I noticed an article in tlie Gazette, of yesterday, headed as above, from the pen of Mr Alexander Brooks, taken from the Rv/ral New Yorker, and as I have some useful experi- ence in that line, I desire to suggest my plan for curing and keeping : To a cask of hams, say from 26 to 30, after having packed them closely and sprinkled them slightly with salt, I let them lie thus for 8 days; then make a brine sufficient to cover them, by putting salt into clear water, making it strong enough to bear up a sound Qgg or potato. 1 then add y^ lb. of saltpetre, and a gallon of molasses; let them lie in the brine for 6 weeks — they are then exactly right. I then take them up and let them drain ; then while damp, rub the flesh side and the end of the leg With finely pulverized black, red, or cayenne pepper; let it be as fine as dust, and dust every part of the flesh side, then Iruig them up and smoke. Tou may leave them hanging in the smoke- house or other cool place where the rats cannot reach them, as they are perfectly sate from all insects, and will be a dish fit for a prince, or an American citizen, which is better. Respectfully yours, Thos. J. Sample. I find that Mr. Sample uses twice as much saltpetre and double the time, for my eating, but perhaps not for general market. If grocers will take this plan for preparing their hams and shoul- ders, there will be no need of sacking; and such as they buy in during the summer should receive a coat of pepper immediately, to prevent annoyance from flies. 6, T. E. Hamilton's Maryland Method. — The hams of Maryland and Virginia have long enjoyed a wide celebrity. At one of tlie exhi- bitions of the Maryland State Agricultural Society, four premiums were awarded for hams. The one wliich took the first premium, was cured by 51 r. T. E. Hf.milton, from the following recipe : " To every 100 lbs. take best coarse salt, 8 lbs.; saltpetre, 2 ozs.; brown sugar, 2 lbs. ; potash, \)^ ozs. ; and water, 4 gals. Mix the above and pour the brine over the meat, after it has lain in the tub for some 2 days. Let the hams remain 6 weeks in the brine, and then dry sev- 2 7 560 Dto Chase' s Recipes. eral days before smoking, I have generally had the uvhit ,abbed with fine salt, when it is packed down." The meat should be perfectly cool before packing. The potash keeps it from drying up and becoming hard. 7. Pork— To have Fresh from Winter Billing, for Summer Frying. — Take pork when killed in the early psrt of the winter, and let it lie in pickle about a week or 10 days, or until just sufficiently salted to be palatable; then slice it up and fry it about half or two- thirds as much as you would for present eating; now lay it away in its own grease, in jars properly covered, in a cod place, as you would lard. When desired, in spring or summer, to have fresh pork, take out what you wish and re-fry suitable for eating, and you have It as nice as can be imagined. Try a jar of it, and know tLiat some things can be done as well as others. It is equally applicable to hams and shoul- ders, and I have no doubt it will work as well upon beef, using lard sufficient to cover it. So well satisfied am I of it that I have put in beaf -steak, this spring, with my fresh ham, iu frying for summer use It works upon the principle of canning fruits to exclude the air. I put in no bone. §. Salt Pork for Frying— Nearly Eqaal to Fresh.— For th»- beneflt of those who are obliged to use considerable salt pork, the foJ lowing method much improves it for frying : Cut as many slices as may be needed; if for breakfast, the nighv previous, and soak till morning in a quart or two of milk and water, about one-half milk — skimmed milk, sour milk or buttermilk; — rinse till the water is clear, and then fiy. It is nearly or quite as nice a.* fresh pork— both the fat and lean parts. Occasionally I like to have this rolled in corn meal before frying as it makes such a nice imitation of fresh fish. 9. Fresh Meat— To Keep a Week or Two in Summer.— Farmei> or others living at a distance from butchers, can keep fresh meat very nicely, for a week or two, by putting it into sour milk, or buttermilk, placing in a cool cellar. The bones or fat need not be removed. Rinse well when used. 10. Smoked meat— To Preserve for Years, or for Sea Toyages — How often are we disappointed in our hopes of having sweet hamt during the summer ? After carefully curing and smoking, and sewing them up in bags, and whitewashing them ; we often find that eithei the fly has commenced a family in our hams, or that the choice part* around the bone are tainted, and the whole spoiled. Now this can be easily avoided, by packing them in pulverized charcoal. No matter how hot the weather, or how thick the flies ; hams will keep as sweet as when pa^^-ked, for years. The preservative quality of charcoal will keep them till charcoal decays ; or sufficiently long to have accompanied Cook three times around the world. 11. The Rural New Yorker's Method.— It says : "In the Sprin;.' cut the smoked ham in slices, fry till partly done, pack in a stone j , alternate layers of ham and gra^y. If the ham should be very le:i ; use lard for gravy. Be sure and fry the ham in the lard, so that it wl. 1 be well seasoned. When wanted for use, take up, finish frying, and it is ready for the table. " The only trouble is, that we can't keep it half long enough, it is so good and handy. 12. Tlie New England Farmer's " Saving his Bacon.*'— About couple of years ago, we were entertained, at Qie hou»e of a friend. Miscellaneous Department. 561 with a dinner of eggs and bacon. We complimented our host on the superior quality of his bacon ; and were curious to inquire the way to like success in the pre)t>aration of a dainty article of diet, though one that is better fitted for the palate of an epicure, than for the stomach of a dyspeptic. To our surprise we were informed that that portion of our meal was cooked eight months before. Upon asking for an explanation, he stated it was his practice to slice and fry his bacon imtiiediately on its being cured, and then pack it in its own fat. When occasion came for using it, the slices, slightly re-fried, have all the freshnoss and flavor of new bacon just prepared. By this precaution, our friend always succeeded in '' Saving Ms ba- con," fresh and sweet through the hottest weather. — Niw England Farmer. I have no doubt but what it will do as well to pack meats unfried in this way, in tubs and barrels as in jars ; but I rather prefer covered jars, putting u couple of thicknesses of cloth over the jar before putting on the cover ; placed in a cool cellar. I also find it necessary to put in lard occasionally as you are frj'- ing, as there is not generally enough brought out by frying to fill the crevices between the slices, which must be filled. CANNING FRUITS— Peaches andPears.— After paring and cor- ing, put amongst them sufficient sugar to make them palatable for present eating, — about 3 to 4 lbs. only for each bushel ; let them stand a while to dissolve the sugar, not using any watei-; then heat to a boil, and continue the boiling, with care, from 20 to 30 minutes, or suf- ficiently long to heat through, which expels the air. Have ready a kettle of hot water; into which dip the can long nnough to heat it; then fill in the fruit while hot, corking it immedi- ately, and dip the end of the cork into the "Cement for Canning Fruits." When cold it is best to dip the second time to make sure that no air holes are left which would spoil the fruit. All canned fruits are to be kept in a very cool cellar. We have yesterday, and to-day, been eating peaches put up in this waj', two years ago, which were veiy nice indeed. See " Peaches, To Peel. " Berries, Plums,CherrieS) etc. — Raspberries, blackberries, whor- tleberries, currants, cherries, and plums, need not be boiled over 10 to 15 minutes; using sugar to make palatable, in all cases, as it must be put in some time, and it helps to preserve the fruit. They require the same care in heating cans, etc., as above, for peaches. 3. Strawberries. — For strawberries, put sugar % lb. for each lb. of berries, and proceed as for berries above. Strawberries are so juicy, and have such a tendency to fermenta- tion, that it is almost impossible to keep them. I have found it abso- lutely so, until I adopted the plan of using the amount of sugar above named; if others can do with less, they can benefit the public by telling me kow they do it. 5. Tomatoes. — For tomatoes, scald and peel them as for other cooking; then scald, or rather boil for about 15 minutes only, and can as above. Or what I think best is to use a little salt, and put them into half- gallon jugs; for we want them in too great quantities to stop on a few glass jars, such as we use for other fruits; as for tin cans, I never use them; if you douse tin cans for tomatoes it will not do to use salt with them, as it has a tendency to cause rust. 562 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. 6. Cement for Canning Frnits.— Resin, 1 lb.; lard, tallow and bees-wax, of each, 1 oz. Melt and stir together; and have it hot, ready to dip into when canning. 7. Rural New Yorker's Metliod. — The editor says: From four year's experience with, not only strawberries, but peaches, cherries, raspberries, pine-apples, etc., without losing a single jar, the flavor being also perfect: Use only self-sealing glass jars. Put into a procelain preserving kettle, enough to fill two quart jars; sprin- kle on sugar, 3^ lb. ; place over a slow fire and heat through, not cook- ed. While the fruit is heating, keep the jars filled with hot water. Fill up to the brim, and seal immediately. As it cools a vacuum is formed which prevents bursting. In this way, every kind of fruit will retain its flavor. Sometimes a thick leathery mould forms on the top — if so, all the better. CATCHUP — Tomato Catchup. — Take perfectly ripe tomatoes, % bushel; wash them clean and bi'eak to pieces; tlien put over the fire and let them come to a boil, and remove from tlie fire; Avhen they are sufSciently cool to allow your hands in them, rub through a wire sieve; and to what goes through, add salt, one tea-cup ; allspice and cloves of each ground, one tea-cup ; best vinegar, 1 qt. Put onto the fire again and cook one hour, stirring with great care to avoid burning. Bottle and seal for use. If too thick when used, put in a little vinegar. If they were very juicy they may need boiling over an hour. This recipe is from Mrs. Hardy, of the American Hotel, Dresden, O., and is decidedly the best catchup which I have ever tasted ; the only fault I ever heard attributed to it was, "I wish we had mnde more of it. " " We have not got half enough of it, " etc. But there are those who cannot use tomatoes in any shape; suoh persons will, undoubtedly, like the following: 2. Currant Catchup. — NicefuUy ripe currants, 4 1bs. ; sugar, \% lbs. ; cinnamon, ground, 1 table-spoon; salt, with ground cloves and pepper, of each, 1 tea-spoon, vinegar, 1 pt. Stew the currants and sugar until quite thick; then add the other ingredients, and bottle for use. PRESERVES— Tomato Preserves.— As some persons will have preserves, I give them the plan of making the most healthy of any in use: Take ripe, scalded and peeled tomatoes, 13 lbs. ; nice, scalded hot molasses, 1 gal.; pour the molasses upon thera and let stand 12 hours; then boil until they are properly cooked; now skim out the tomatoes, but continue boiling the syrup until quite thick ; then pour again up- on the tomatoes and iput away as other preserves. A table-spoon of ginger tied up in a bt of cloth and boiled in them, gives a nice ttnvor ; or the extracts can be used; or lemon peel, as preferred — if sugar is used, pound for pound is the amount. But I prefer to put them or anj' other fruit into jugs, cans, or bottles, which retains the natural flavor and does not injure the stomach, which all preserves do, to a greater or less extent. Yet I give you another, because it does so nicely in place of citron, in cakes. 2. Preserved Water-Melon in Place of Citron, for Cakes.— The -harder part of water-melon, next the skin, maile into preserves witli sugar, equal weights ; cooking down the syrui) i-atiier more than for common use, causes it to granulate, like citron, which is kept for sale. Miscettaneous Department 563' This chopped fine, like citron, makes an excellent substitute for that article ; and for very much less cost. Call in the neighbors to help eat about a dozen good sized melons, and you have outsides enough for the experiment; and if the Doctor is near he will help without a fee. Tiiey are nice, also, in mince-pies, in place of raisins. CURRANTS— To Dry With Sugar.— Take fully ripe currants, stemmed, 5 lbs. ; sugar, 1 lb. ; put into a brass kettle, stirring at first, tiien as the currants boil up to the top, skim them oft ; boil down the juicy syrup until quite tliick and pour it over the currants, mixing well ; then place on suitable dishes, and dry them by phicing in a low box over which you can place musqueto-bar, to keep away flies. When properly dried, put in jars, and tie paper over them. Put cold water upon them and stew as other fruit for eating or pie-making, adding more sugar if desired. TIN-WARE— To Meod By the Heat of a Candle.— Take a vial about two-thirds full of muriatic acid, and put into it little bits of sheet zinc, as long as it dissolves them ; then put in a crumb of sal-ammoni- ac and fill up with water, and it is ready to use. With the cork of the vial, wet tlie place to be mended, with the preparation ; then put a pioe of sheet zinc over tiie hole and hold a lighted candle or spirit lamp under the place, which melts the solder on the tin and causes the zinc to adhere without further trouble. Wet the zinc also with the solution. Or a little solder may be put on in place of zinc, or with the zinc. WATER FILTER — Home Made.— Rain water is much healthier than hard water as a beverage; and the following will be found an \jasy and cheap way to fit it for driuliing purposes. Have an oak tub made, holding from lialf, to a barrel, according to the amount of water needed in tlie family ; let it stand on end witli u faucet near the bottom; or, I prefer a hole through the bottom, near the front side, with a tube in it which prevents the water from rotting the outside of the tub ; then put clean pebbles 3 or 4 inches thick over the bottom of the tub, now have charcoal pulverized to tlie size of small peas (that made from hard maple is best) and put in half a budh- el or so at a time; pound it down quite firmly, then put in more and pound again until the tub is filled to within 8 inches of the top; and again put on two inches more of pebbles ; then put a piece of clean white flannel over the whole top as a strainer. The flannel can be washed occasionally, to remove the impurities collected from the water, and it might be well to put a flannel between the pebbles and flannel at the bottom, also. When the charcoal be- comes foul, it can be renewed as before, but will work a whole season without renewing. Put on your water freely until it becomes clear ; when you will be as well satisfied as you would be if it run through a patent filter, costing six times as much as this. A large jar to hold the filtered water can be set in an ice box if preferred ; or an occasional piece of ice can be put in the water ; but *t the filter is .set in the cellar, as it should be, the water will be suf- ('(•it'ntly cool for health. This makes a gotxl cider filter, also, first sMaining the cider through cotton to free it from the coarsest pomace. TIRE— To Keep on tlie Wheel. — A. correspondent of the Southern Planter says: "I Ironed a wagon some years ago for my own use, and before putting on the tires I filled the felloes with linseed-oil ; and the tires have worn out, and were never loose. I ironed a buggy for my own use, seven years ago, and the tires are now as tight as when put on. My method of filling the felloes with the oil is as follows: 564 ^^' Chase's Recipes. I use a long cast iron oil-heater, made for the purpose • the oil }» brought to a boiling heat, the wheel is placed on a stick, so ds to hang in the oil, each felloe an hour, for a common-sized felloe. The timber should be dry, as green timber will not take oil. Care should be taken that the oil be not made hotter than a boiling heat, in order that the timber be not burnt. Timber tilled with oil is not susceptable to water, and is much more durable. " I was amused sometime ago when I told a blacksmitVthow to keep tires tight on wheels, by his telling me it was a profitable business tci tighten tires; and the wagon maker will say it is profitable for him to make and repair wheels — but what will the farmer who supports the wheel-right and the blacksmith saj'? The greatest good to the greatest number, is my motto. WEEDS — To Destroy ia Walks.— The following method to destroy weeds is pursued at the mint in Paris, with good effect. Water, 10 gals.; stone lime, 20 lbs.; flour of sulphur, 2 lbs. Boil in an iron kettle; after settling, the clear part is to be poured off and sprinkled, freely, upon the weedy walks. Care must be taken, for it will destroy weeds ; and as certainly destroy edgings and border flowers, if sprinkled on them. CEMENTS— Cement for China, etc., which stands Fire and Water. — With a small camel's-hair brush, rub the broken edges with .'i little carriage oil-varnish. If neatly put together, the fracture will hardly be perceptible, and when thoroughly dry, will stand both Are and water. 2. Russian Cement. — Much is said about cements; but there !♦■ probably nothing so white and clear, and certainly nothing better thai the following: Russian isinglass dissolved in pure soft water, snow water is best >— for it takes 12 hours to soften it by soaking in pure soft water, thei- considerable heat to dissolve it, after which it is applicable tostatuar} china, glass, alabaster, etc., etc. In all cements the pieces must be secured until dry. It is easy ti reason that if twelve to fifteen hours are required to soften this isin glass, that no dish-washing will ever eftect it. You may judge froii. the price whether you get the Russian, for thirty-seven cents pc ounce, is as low as the genuine article can be purchased in small quaii tities, whilst the common, bear a price of only ten to twelve cents, and even less. 3. Cement, Cheap and Valuable. — A durable cement is made bj burning oyster-shells and pulverizing the lime from them very fine : then mixing it with white of egg to a thick paste and applying it to the china or glass, and securing the pieces together until dry. When it is dry, it takes a very long soaking for to become soft again. I have lifted thirty pounds by the stem of a wine-glass which had been broken, and mended with this cement. Common lime will do, but it is not so good; either should be fresh burned, and only mix what is needed, for when once dry you cannot soften it. 4. Cement— Water-Proof, for Clotli or Belting.— Take ale, 1 pt. ; best Russian isinglass,' 2 ozs. ; put them into a common glue kettle and boil until the isinglass is dissolve! ; then add 4 ozs. of the best common f;lue, and dissolve it with the other ; then slowlj'^ add IJ^ ozs. of boiled inseed oil, stirring all the time while adding, and until well mixed When cold it will resemble India rubber. When you wish to use thi.<, dissolve what you need in a 9ufflciei?t QuaoMty of ale, to have tlie con- •istence of thick glue. It isapphcHbk for ■^ai'tkpuware, china,glass or Miscellaneous Department. 565 leather; for harness; bands for machinery; cloth belts for cracker machines for bakers, etc., etc. If for leather, shave otf as if for sewino-, apply the cement with a brush while Uot, laying a weight to keep eacli joint firmly for 6 to 10 hours, or over night. This cement will supersede "Spaulding's Prepared Glue, " and all the white cement you can scare up, if you use good articles to make it of, — not less than thirty or forty cents a pound for common glue, and three shillings per ounce for the Russian isinglass, but the expense of/ this will cause it only to be used when dampness is to be contended with." If you have not a glue kettle take an oyster can and punch some holes through the top of it putting in a string to suspend it on a stick in a com- mon kettle of boiling water, and keep it boiling in that way. 5. Cement, or Furniture Glue, for House Use.— To mend marble, wood, glass, china and ornamental ware — take water, 1 o-al. • nice glue, 3 lbs. ; white lead, 4 ozs. ; whisky, 3 qts. Mix by dissolving the glue in the water'; remove from the Are and stir in the white lead, then add the whisky, whicli keeps it fluid, except in the coldest weather. Warm and stir it up when applied. 6. White Cement.— Take white (tish) glue, 1 lb. 10 ozs. ; dry white lead, 6 ozs. ; soft water, 3 pts. ; alcohol, 1 pt. Dissolve the glue by putting it into a tin kettle, or dish, containing the water, and set this dish into a kettle of water to prevent the glue from being burned; when the glue is all dissolved, put in the lead and stir and boil until all is thoroughly mixed; remove from the tire, and when cool enough to bottle, add the alcohol, and bottle while it is yet warm, keeping it corked. This last recipe has sold about the country for from twenty-five cents to five dollars and one man gave a liorse for it. 7. German Cement.— Two measures of litharge, and one each of unslacked lime and flint glass; each to be pulverized separately before mixing ; then to use it, wet it up with old drjing-oil. The Germans use it for glass and china ware only. Water hardens it instead of softening, 8. Scrap-Book Paste, or Cement. — A piece of common glue, 2 square inches; dissolve it in water, adding as much pulverized alum, in weight, as of the glue; now mix flour J^ tea-spoon in a little water; dtir it in and boil. When nearly cool stir in oil of lavender, two teaspoons.' This should make a pint of paste, which will keep a long time if tightly covered when not in use. Cement — Preventing Leaks about Thimneys, etc. — Dry sand, 1 pt ; ashes, 2 pts.; clay dried and pulverized, 3 pts, ; all to be pulverized and mixed into a paste with linseed-oil. Apply it while soft, as desired, and when it becomes hard, water will have no efilect upon it. It may be used for walks, and I think it would do well in cisterns, and on roofs, etc. MAGIC PAPER— Used to Transfer Figures in Embroidery, or Impressions of Leaves, for Uerbarii'.ms. —Take lard oil, or sweet oil, mixed to the consistence of cream, with either of the following paints, the color of which is desired: Prussian blue, lamp black Venitian red or chrome green, either of which should be rubbed with a knife, on a plate or stone until smooth. Use rather thin, but firm paper ; put on with a sponge and wipe oft" as drj-^ as convenient; then lay them be- tween uncolored papei- or between newspapers, and press by laying books or some other flat substance upon them, until the surplus oil is absorbed, when it is ready for use. Directions. — For taking ofl' paterns of embroidery, place a piece of tUi» paper over the embroiderj' to prevent soiling; then lay on the 566 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. ma^ic paper, and put on the cloth you wish to take the copr on. to em- broider; pin fast, and rub over with a spoon handle ; and every part of the raised figure will show upon the plain cloth. To take impressions of leaves on paper place the leaf between two sheets of this paper, and rub over it hard, then take the leaf out and place it between two sheets of white paper ; rub again, and you will have a beautiful impression of both sides of the leaf or flower! Persons traveling without pen or ink, can write with a sharp stick, placing a sheet of this paper over a sheet of white paper. RAT DESTROYERS— Rat Exterminator Flour, 3 lbs. ; water only sufficient to make it into a thick paste ; then dissolve, phosphorus, 1 oz.,in butter, \% oz. by heat. Mix. This you will leave, thickly spread on bread, where rats can get at it ; or make into balls, which is preferable, covered or rolled with sugar. If it is desired to sell this article and you wish to color to hide its composition, work into it pulverized tumeric, 2 ozs. Or, 2. Take warm water, 1 qt. ; lard 2 lbs. ; phosphorus, 1 oz. Mix, and thicV-en with flour. It is found best to make only in small quantities, as the phosphorus loses its power by exposure. Some will object to killing rats about the house ; but I had rather smeZi their dead carcasses than taste their tail- prints, left on everything possible for them to get at, or suffer loss from their tooth-^xKwVs, on all things possible for them to devour or dc stroy. 3. Deatli for the Old Sly Rat. — Some rats get so cunning that it is almost impossible to overcome their shrewdness. Then get a few grains of strychnine, having a little fresh lean meat boiled ; cut it into small bits by using a fork to hold it, for if held by the fingers tliey will smell them and not eat it;-— cutting with a sharp pen-knife ; then cut a little hole into the bits, and put in a little of the strychnine, and close up the meat together again. Put these on a plate where they frequent, but not near their holes, laying apiece of paper over the meat ; when this is eaten put more, for three or four days, and you are soon done with the wisest of them. 4. Rats — To Drive Away Alive. — If you choose to drive them away alive, take potash pulverizd, and put quite plenty of it into all their holes about the house. If tiie potash is pulverized and left in the air, it becomes pasty ; then it can be daubed on the boards or planks, where they come through into rooms. They will sooner leave, than be obliged to have a continual re-ap- plication of this "Doctor Stuffy" every time they go through their holes. See " Potash to make." 5. Scotch snuff, or pulverized cayenne pepper, mixed together, or separate; if freely put into their burrowing-holes, will certainly send them off, at a sneezing pace. 6. Rat Poison— From Sir Humphrey Davy.— A tasteless, odorless and infallible rat poison, he says, is made as follows: " Mix carbonate of barytes, 3 ozs., witii grease 1 lb." It produces great thirst, consequently water must be set by it, for death takes place immediately after drinking, not giving them time to go back to their iioles. I obtained this at such a late day, that I have not had an oppoitiinity of testing it. Be sui'e no other animal can get it, except rats and mice; for it is a most deadly poison. Should this be found as effectual as recommended, it will prove just fhe thing for rat-killing, as they can be gathered up and carried away, t*ius avoiding the stench arising from their dead carcasses. Miscellaneous Department. 567 nSB -Art of Catching.— Mix the juice of lovage or smellage, with any kind of bait, or a few drops oi the oil of rhodium. India cockle al- so, (Coculds Indicus,) is sometimes mixed with flour dough and sprin- kled on tlie surface of still water. This intoxicates the tish and makes them turn up on top of the water. Mullein seed, pulverized, and used in the place of India cockle is about equal to that article They may be eaten without fear, but this will destroy many fish. OU of rhodium is the best plan. "It is generally supposed," says Mr. R. I. Pell, " that fish are not possessed of the sense of smell. From the following experiments I am convinced they are : I placed a hook, well baited with an angle- worm, enticingly before a perch weighing one and a half pounds ; he did not take the least notice of it. It was withdrawn, and a drop of rhodium brought in contact with it, when it was dropped very careful- ly several feet behind him; he immediately turned and seized the bait. This experiment was several times repeated, with like success. It has been denied that fish have the sense of hearing. I find many varieties (rery sensitive to noise, and by numerous experiments am convinced that their sense of hearing is acute. " STRAW AND CHIP HATS— To Yarnish Black.— Best alcohol, 4 >Z8. ; pulverized black sealing-wax, 1 oz ; put them into a vial, and put vJie vial into a warm place, stirring or shaking occasionally, until the wax is dissolved ; apply it when warm by means of a soft brnsh, be- fore the fire or in the sun. It gives stiffness to old straw hats or bonnets, makes a beautiful ^loss, and resists wet ; if any thing else is required, just apply it to small baskets also, and see how nicely they will look. 2. STRAW BONNETS— To Color a Beautifnl Slate.— First soak che bonnet in ratlier strong warm suds for fifteen minutes, this is to remove sizing or stiffening ; then rinse m warm water to get out the ioap ; now scald cudbear, 1 oz., in sufficient water to cover the hat or bonnet- work the bonnet in this dye at 180 degrees of heat, until you g-et a light purple ; now have a bucket of cold water blued with the extract of indigo, about 3^ oz., and work or stir the bonnet in this, until the tint pleases. Dry, then rinse out with cold water and dry again, in the shade. If you get the purple too deep in shade, the final slate will be too dark. See " Extract of Indigo or Chemic. " STUCCO PLASTERING— For Brick and Gravel Houses.— First make up as much mortar as you need for the job, with good common lime; using only % or four-fifths at most, as much lime as needed for common work— the other fourth or fifth is to be water lime ; and not to be put in only as used. The sand must be coarse, and free from loam or dirt. To prepare the white and colored washes, run off common lime enough with hot water, to make a white-wash to go over the whole job. This white-wash is to be colored the tint desired for the work. Be suie to make color-wash enough at one time, or you will find it hard togetthesliades alike; saving a little of the whitewash without color, to pencil the seams, and also for specking, as mentioned belnw. The colors used are lamp-black, Spanish-brown, or Venetian-red, as preferred, and these are cut or dissolved in whisky ; then putting into the white-wash to suit. When these washes are all prepared, wet up as much of the mortar as can be put on in 20 to 40 minute.^, and mix in the fourth or fifth of the cemennt, and put on as fast as possible; first wetting the wall very 56^ t)r. Chase's Recipes. wet with water. Some cement will set in 20 and some in 40 to nO min- utes. When you see the time necessary for tnekind you are using-, ac accordingly, and only mix the cement into as much mortar as yonr help will put on before it sets; beginning at the top of tlie wall wiili your scaffolding and working down, which prevents too much siiccJili.^ from the colors. Have a man to follow right after witli a float, keepii: \r the stucco very wet while floating down level and smooth; and ti.*- longer it is floated and wet the better will be the job. Even after it i« floated down well, keep a man wetting it with a brush until yon get the whole line on, around the house, as the watei-lime must be kept quite wet for some considerable time, to set pro[)erly. Heed tliis cau- tion, and if water never gets in behind the plastering from bad cornice or leaky roofs, it will never peel off. When this line of scaffolding is plastered, take out enough of the color-wash, running it through a sieve, and go over the plastering; lamp-black alone gives it a blulsli slate color; if a little of the brown is added with the black, it will be a little reddish, and if the red is used without the brown, it will be quite red. I prefer sufficient of the black only to make a gray stone color A brown, however, looks exceedingly well. If you choose, you can make one-half of the color-wash darker than the other — having laid it off into blocks resembling stone, by means of a straight-edge, and a piece of board about half an inch thick, paint every other block wilb the darker wash to represent diffierent shades of stone. Some of ot/a best buildings are done in this way, and look well. Then to give it a granite appearance, take a small paint bfush and dip it into the whitewash, saved for this purpose; strike it across a hammer-handle so as to throw the specks from the brush upon the wall, then the same with black and red. Pencil the seams with the white wash, which gives it the appearance of mortar, as in real stone work. Now you are ready to move down the scaffold and go over the same thing as before. After the colors have been dissolved with spir^ its, they can be reduced with water, or what is better for them and the color-wash also, is skimmed-milk; and where milk is plenty, it ought to be used in place of water, for whitewash or color-washes, as it help<» to resist the weather, and prevents the colors from fading — see "Paint, to make without Lead or Oil, " which gives you the philosophy of using milk. Speck quite freely with the white, then about half a« much with the black, and then rather free again with the red. The proportion o* lime, probably, should not exceed one, to six or seven of sand. Ou? University buildings, represented in the frontispiece except the Labor- atory, and Law-building, which have been more recently put up, are finished with it, also whole blocks in the business paxi; of the city. Prof. Douglass' house is probably the pretties'^ color of any in th^ city — an imitation of " Free-stone, " made with lamp-black, yellow ochre, and a larger proportion of Spanish brown. But all will have a prefei'ence for some special color; then, with a little ingenuity and pa- tience, nearly anv colored stone can be imitated. GRAVEL HOUSES— To Make— Proportions of Lime, Sand, and Gravel. — It has become quite common to put up gravel houses; and many persons are at a great loss to know what proportion of materials to use. — Various proportions have been proposed ; but from the fact that the philosophy was not explained, no real light was given upon the subject. All that is required to know, is that sand and lime are to be used in proportion to the eize of the gravel, — say for 16 bu.shels of cleau Miscellaneous Department. 569 gravel, from the size of peas up to that of hen's eggs, it will take about 3 bushels ot cie»n, sharp sand and 1 of lirae to fill the crevices without swelling the bulk of the gravel. If tlie gravel is coarse, up to 5 bushels of saiul may be required, but the lime will not need to be incr(^•lsed but very little, if any. Then the philosopliy of the thing is this — abont 1 to lU bushels of lime to 15 bushels of gravel, and just sand enough to fill tiie crevices without increasing the bulk as above mentioned. If the gravel is free of dirt, the sand also clean, and the wentiie I dry, the walls can be raised 1 foot each day, if you have help to (h* that amount of labor. Some prefer to make the gravel and sand into mortar and press ii into bricks; then lay into walls, but the wall must be stronger if laid up solid, in board frames, maile to raise up as required. Many persons argue for the eight-square or octagon house; but I like the square form much the best, carrying up the hall and main partition walls of the Siinie material. The eight-square house looks like an old fort, or water tank, and is very expensive to finish ; costing much more than the oame room with square angles ; for mechanics cannot put up cornice outside, or in, in less than double the time* re- quired for making the common square mitre. Prof. Winchell, of the University, and State Geologist, inthiscitj'. has put up one of the octagons which looks well, however, for the style ot finish is what attracts attention, instead of the style of form. WHITEWASH AND CHEAP PAINTS— Brilliant Stucco White- wash — Will last on Brick or Stone, Twenty to Tliirty Tears. — Mai;y have heard of the brilliant stucco whitewash on the east end of the President's house at Washington. The following is a recipe for it, !>,>. %\Qa,xve({ivon\thQ NationaZ Intelligencer, with some additional improve- ments learned by experiments: Nice unslacked lime, ^bushel; slack it with boiling water; cover it during the process, to keep in the steam. Strain the liquid througii a fine sieve or strainer, and add to it salt, 1 peck ; previously well dis- solved in water; rice, 3 lbs., — boiled to a thin paste, and stirred in boil- ing hot; Spanish whiting, ^ lb. ; clean niceglue, 1 lb., which has been previously dissolved by soaking it well, and then hanging it over a slow fire, in a small kettle, immersed in a larger one filled with water. Now add hot water, 5 gals., to the mixture, stir it well, and let itstand a few days covered from the dirt. It should be put on hot. For this purpose it can be kept in a ket- cle on a portable furnace. Brushes more or less small, may be used, according to the neatness of the job required. It answers as well as oil paint for brick or stone, and is much cheaper. There is one house in our city wliich had this applied twelve years, ago, and is yet nice and bright. It has retained its briUianc3' over thirty years. Coloring matter, dissolved in whisky, may be put in and made •«? any shade you like; Spanish brown stirred in will make red-piiiK. more or less deep, according to quantity. A delicate tinge of tiiis .,s very pretty for inside walls. Finely pulverized common clay, w I mixed with Spanish brown, makes reddish stone color. Yellow < eh . stirred in makes yellow wash, but chrome goes fuither, and ni l^es :. color generally esteemed prettier. In all these cases the darkness oi the shade, of course, is determined by the quantity of the coloring used. It is difficult to make rules, because tastes are different — it would be best to trj^ experiments on a shingle and let it dry. Green must not be mixed with lime. The lime destroys the color, and the color has an 57d I>r. Chase's Recipes. eflFect on the whitewash, which makes it crack and peel, Whe» in?«cl© walls have been badly smoked, and you wish to make them a clean, clear white, it is well to squeeze indigo plentifully through a bag into the water you use, before it is stirred into the whole mixture, or blue vitriol pulverized and dissolved in boiling water and put into white- wash, gives a beautiful blue tint. If a larger quantity than five gallons be wanted, the same proportions should be observed. 2. Whitewash— Very Nice for Rooms.— Take whiting, 4 lbs. ; white or common glue, 2 ozs. ; stand the glue in cold water over night; mix the whiting with cold water, and heat the glue until dissolved; and pour it into the other, hot. Make of a proper consistence to apply with a common whitewash brush. Use these proportions for a greater or less amount. In England, scarcely any other kind of whitewash is used. A lady of Black River Falls, Wis., who had one of my books wrote to me, expressing her thankfulness for the beauty of this vvliitewash. Paint — To make without Lead or Oil. — Waiting, 5 lbs.; skimmec* milk, 2 qts. ; fresli slacked lime, 2 ozs. Put the lime into a stone-wart vessel, pour upon it a suflScient quantity of the milk to make a mixture resembling cream; the balance of the milk is then to be added; ancl lastly the whiting is to be crumbled upon the surface of the fluid, in which it gradually sinks, At this period it must be well stirred in, or ground as you would other paint, and it is fit for use. There may be added any coloring matter that suits the fancy, (see the first whitewash for mixing colors.) to be applied in the same man- ner as other paints, and in a few hours it will become perfectly dry. Another coat may then be added and so on until the work is done. This paint is of great tenacity, bears rubbiiig with a coarse cloth, has little smell, even when wet, and when dry is inodorus. The above ii suflicient for 57 yards. — Annapolis Republican. " We endorse the recipe. The casein or curd of the milk, by the action of the caustic-lime, becomes insoluble, and has been used, for time immemorial, as a lute for chemical experiments. Ic is a good, and in comparison with white lead, a durable paint."' — Moore's Rural New Yorker. Most of the cheap paints will require about three coats. White lead always requires two, but some people think because tliey get a cheap paint that one coat ought to make a good job. Two will gener- ally do with any except white. 4. White Paint — A new Way of Manufacturing. — The following was communicated by a man who was formerly a carpenter iu the if. S. Navy: " During a cruise in the South Pacific we went into the harbor of Coquimbo; and as the ship had been out a long time, she was covered with rust from stem to stern. It was the anxious wish of the com- mander that she should be restored to her original colors; but on ex- amining the store-room, it was ascertained that there was not a ponnd of white lead in the ship. In this emergency I bethought me of an ex- pedient which concocted an admirable substitute, composed wf the fol- lowing ingredients: " Air-slacked lime, pulverized until it was of the fineness of fiour, which was then passed through a sieve. Rice boiled in a large kettle until the substance was drawn entirely out of the grain; the water, then of a plastic nature, was strained to separate the grain, etc, from the clear liquid. A tub, about the size of a half barrel, of the prepared lime and rice-water, was mixed with one gallon of lins»*^-oil ; and Miscellaneous Department. 571 (!;p material had so much the appearance of paint that a novice could not have told the difference "The ship was painted outside and inboard v?ith the above mix- ture (which cost next to nothing,) and never presented a finer white streak on her bends, or clearer bulwarks and berth-deck than on that occasion, and no other kind of white paint was used during the remain- der of tho cruise." If this is good for ships out and inboard, it is worth trying for fen4 ces and out-work requiring a cheap white paint. 5. Black and Wreeu Paint— Durable and Cheap, for Out-Door Work. — Any quantity of charcoal, powdered; a sufficient quaiiiity of litharge as a dryer, to be well levigated (rubbed smooth) with linseed- oil ; and when used, to be thinned with well boiled linseed-oil. The ibove forms a good black paint. By adding yellow ochre, an excellent green is produced, which is preferable to the brigiit green, used by painters, for all garden work, is is it does not fade with the sun. This composition was first used by Dr. Parry, of Bath, on some spouts; wliich, on being examined, fourteen years afterwards, were Wnd to be as perfect as when first put up. 6. Milk Paiut, for Barus — Any Color, — " Mix water lime with ■ way, for a dozen pieces — put into it a piece of the polish the size of a large pea; more or less, according to large or small washings. Or thick gum solution (made by pouring boiling water upon gum arable.) one table spoon to a pint of starch, gives clothes a beautiful gloss. PERCUSSION MATCHES— Of the Best Quality,— Chlorate oi potash, ^ lb.; glue, 3 lbs.; white lead, dry, 5 Ids. ; red lead, 3^ Jb. .; phosphorus, 1% lbs. Directions. — First put the chlorate into a disl; made for the purpose, deep, and of a suitable size to set into a kettle c-1 water, which can be kept on the fire for 2 or 3 days, having 2 qts. of water on the chlorate; then put the glue on top of the chlorate water and let soak, until all is perfectly dissolved ; then add the leads an i heat up quite hot, and thoroughly mix; let cool, and add the phos phoius, let it dissolve and be careful never to heat hot after the phos- phorus is added; stir occasionally when dippius:, and if little particle!? of phosphorus fires, push it down into the mixture, or put on warm water ; if you put on cold water it will fly all over you. Keep it rather thin after the phosphorus is put in, and there will be no danger ; al- though the chlorate of potash is considered a dangerous article to work with; so is powder, yet when you know how to work with them, you can do as safely with one as the other. When dry give them a coat of varnish. I have been acquainted with a man for about fourteen years who makes them, and several others for a less time, without trouble or ac- cident. A better match was never made to stand dampness, or bear transportation without setting on fire. I have used and sold them much of the time, and speak from knowledge. One explosion has since taken place. The plan pursued here in preparing the splints is as follows;— Sawed pine timber from four to eight inches each way, is cut off tb*» right length for the match, then one end of it is shaved smooth witb * Miscellaneous Department. 573 Jrnwltig-knife; the block is held upon the horse by a brace from the top of the horse head against the back side of the block, s* as to be out of the way of the knife instead of i)uttin shown. Match Splitting Machine. The hand, M,is kept down into the cogs or notches by the little spiral wire spring, K; the match block, to be split, sets in the frame forward of the block, I, which has a pin in it to draw back the frame. When the block of matches is split, this frame goes forward to touch a catch, the same as a saw-mill, which lets auotherspring not seen, raise the hand, M, when the feeding operation ceases. The frame is then drawn back and the same repeated. As the match is split they open and require a rounding mortise made tlirough the base plank between the blocks, C C, which allows them to remain in a half-circular form — the knife is raised by a line attached to a spring pole, T, the knife is screwed upon a piece of cast iron wliicli works in tlie guide, N, having the back and end firmly fastened bv a bolt tlirough the standard, O. This knife stands at right angles with the shaft. When the matches are split and 574 ^^' Chase' s Recipes. sufficiently dry to work upon, they are dipped in melted brimsttm*, kept hot, and the match also kept hot on a sheet iron stove, and a\i the brimstone is thrown oft' which can possibly be by jerkinjr the block with the hand. If any brimstone remains upon the end it must be scraped ofiF before dipping into tlie match composition. Without the chlorate, the composition makes a first-class " Friction Matcli." It ought to be known, however, that the match business is an unhealthy occupation, from the poisonous effects of the phosphorus STEAM BOILERS.— To Prevent Lime Deposits.— Put into your cistern or tank, from which the boiler is fed, a sufficient amount of oak tan-bark, in the piece, to color the water rather dark; run 4 weeks and renew. This plan has been much used in the lime-stone sections of Wash- ington, O., giving general satisfaction. 2. Ohio River Plan.— Sprouts from barley, in malting, are re- commended by Capt. Lumm, part owner of a steamboat, and engineei on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, to prevent the deposit of lime upon boilers, and he says tightens up old leaky boilers, also. It may be u.'ied in quantities of from 3 pts. to 2 or 3 qts., according to size of boilers. When it is put iu you must know the quantity of water in tht boiler, for unless you heat up quite slow it causes a foaming of iht- water, and might deceive the engineer about the amount of water in the boiler, but if heat up slow there is no danger of this deception. 3. To Prevent Explosion, with the Reason why they Explode.- At a recent meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Science Mr. Hyatt, of New York, presented what we believe to be the true cause. He presented the following table, showing the rapid'.fy witL which pressure is doubled by only a slight increase of heat. At 212 degrees of heat water begins to boi) ; at 868 de/r^es iroB becomes of a red heat : 212 degrees of heat, 15 pounds to square inch. 251 " " 80 294 " " 60 " " " 342 " " 120 398 " " 240 464 " " 480 868 " " 7680 It was stated by Mr. Hyatt, that, from experiments l^^ 0'i(^ made, thi» great increase of pressure could be obtained in six fj secen iMnuten, witlj an engine at rest. This rapid doubling of pressurr, rt'ith buv, a smal' increase of heat, is due to the conversion of what 'a cernied latent heat, in steam, into sensible heat. If we innheisc a thtfMionictcr iiitobo'l- ing water, it stands at 212 ; if we y'.xwQ it in ?tPdUi immediately above the water it indicates the same tenipciatiire. The question then arises what becomes of all the hcatwhiih is cuii'n'utiicated to the water.since it is neither indicated by the water iior ly I'le steam formed from it? The answer is, it enters the wnter ai/l c-jIi verts into steam withouf raising the temperature. One thouisuud de<;rees of lieat are absorbed in the conversion of water into steam, ir.d this is called its latent heat. And it is the sudden conversion of li.tt/n heat into sensible heat that produces the explosion. If an enji-re is stopped, even if there is but a moderate fire, if the escape valve is olosed, there is a rapid absorption or accumulation of latent heat. The i)ressure rises with great rupldilj, and when the engineer thinks everything is safe, the explosion comes That this is the true cau.se ol nearly all the explosions that occur will be plain to every one who will look at the relations between Ut^nt Miscellaneous Depariment. 5^5 ttnd sensible heat. Prof. Henry and Prof. Silliman, Jr., endorse the view. What, then, is the security against explosions? We know of no securities but these — a sufficiency of water in the boilers, and the escape valves open at liglit pressure, when the engine is at rest. — Spring- Jield EepuUican. There is no question about the foregoing explanations being fbiind- ed in trwe philosophy; and if engineers will be governed hy them, in- stead of a desire to hold on to steam for the purpose of getting ahead or of keeping ahead, as the case may be, of some other boat; or on land, to save the expense of fuel, not one explosion would take place where now there is, at least, a hundred. Awful will be the reckoning with these murderers; for in Heaven's sight they are one and the same. A series of experiments have recentlj' been concluded on the U. S. Steamer Michigan, and a full but voluminous report laid before the Navy Department, upon the subject of steam expansion. It would pay all interested in steam worlds to obtain and read it. PLUMS AND OTHER FRUIT— To Prevent Insecti fSrom Sting- ing. — Take new, dry lime, sulphur, and gunpowder, eq>ial parts, pul- verized very fine, and throw it amongst the flowers when in full bloom; use it freely so that all may catch a little. This has been tried with success. Working upon the principle of pepper, to keep flies from meat. The injury to fruit being done while in bloiisom. BED-ROOM CARPETS— For Twelye and a Half Cents per Yard. —Sew together the cheapest cotton cloth, the size of the room, and tack the edges to the floor. Now paper the cloth as you would the sides of a room, with cheap room paper ; putting a border around the edge if desired. The paste will stick better if a little gum arable is mixed with it. When thoroughly dry, give it two coats of furniture or car- riage varnish, and when dry it is done. It can be washed ; and looks well in proportion to the quality and figure of the paper used. It could not be expected to stand the wear of a kitchen, for any length of time, but for bed-rooms it is well adapted. COFFEE— More Healthy and Better Flavored, for One-Fourth the Expense of Common. — Coffee, by weight or measure, one-fourth, rye, three-fourths. Look them over separately, to remove bad grains; then wash to remove dust, draining off" the water for a moment as you take it with the hands, from the washing water, putting directly into the browning skillet, carefully stirring, all the time, to brown it evenly. Brown each one separately; then mix evenly, and grind oulyas used; settling • with a beaten egg, seasoning with a little cream and sugar as usual. And I do sincerely say the flavor is better, and it is one kundred per cent, more healthy than all coffee. You may try barley, peas, parsnips, dandelion roots, etc., but none of their flavors are equal to rye. Yet all of them are more or less used for coffee. PICKLING FRUITS AND CUCUMBERS— Pickling Apples.— Best vinegar, 1 gal. ; sugar, 4 lbs.; apples, all it will cover handsomely; cinnamon and cloves, ground, of each, 1 table-spoon. Pare and core the apples, tying up the cinnamon and cloves in a cloth and putting with the apples, into the vinegar and sugar and cooking until done, only. Keep in jars. They are nicer than pre- serves, and more healthj', and keep a long time ; not being too soui-, nor too sweet, but an agreeable mixture of the two. It will be seen 3$ 576 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. below that the different fruits require different quaniities of sugar amd vinegar, the reason for it, is, the difference in the fruit. 3. Pickling Peaches. — Best vinegar, 1 qt. ; sugar, 4 lbs.; peaches, peeled and stoned, 8 lbs. ; spices as desired, or as for apples. Treat every other way as apples. If they should begin to ferment, at any time, simply boil down the juice ; then boil the peaches in it for a few minutes only. 3. Peaches — To Peel. — In peeling small peaches with a knife, too much of the peach is wasted; but by liaving a wire cage, similar to those made for popping corn ; fill the cage with peaches and dip it into boiling water, for a moment, then into cold water for a moment and empty out; going on in the same way for all you wish to peel. This toughens the skin and enables you to strip it off, saving much in labor, and also the waste of peach. Why not, as well as tomatoes? 4. Pickling Plums. — Best vinegar, 1 pt. ; sugar, 4 lbs. ; plums, 8 lbs. ; spices to taste. - Boiling them in the mixture until soft; then take out the plums, and boil the syrup until quite thick and pour it over them again. 5. Pickling Cucumbers. — Pick each morning; stand in weak brine 3 or 4 days, putting in mustard pods and horse-radish leaves to keep them green. Then take out and drain, covering with vinegar for a week; at which time take out and drain again, putting into new vinegar, adding mustard seed, ginger root, cloves, pepper and red pep- per pods, of each about 1 or 2 ozs. ; or to suit different tastes, for each barrel. The pickles will be nice and brittle, and pass muster at any man's table, or market. And if it was generally known that the greenness of piclvles was caused by the action of the vinegar on the copper kettle, producing & poison, (verdigris,) in which they are directed to be scalded, I think no one would wish to have a nice looking pickle at the expense of health; if they do, they can continue the bad practice of scalding; if not, just put your vinegar on cold, and add your red peppers, or cayennes, cloves, and other spices, as desired ; br.t the vinegar must be changed once, as the large amount of water in the cucumber reduces the vinegar so much that this change is absolute)}' necessary; and if they should seem to lose their sharp taste again, just add a little mo- lasses, or spirit, and all will be right. SANDSTONE— To Preyent Scaling by Frost.— Raw linseed-oil, 2 or 3 coats. Apply in place of paint, not allow the first coat to get entirely dry until the next is applied; if it does, a skin is formed which prevents the next from penetrating the stone. Poorly burned brick will be equally well preserved by the same process. SEALING WAX— Red, Black and Blue.— Gum Shellac, 8 ozs. ; Venice turpentine, 4 ozs.; Vermillion, 23^ ozs.; alcohol, 2 ozs.; cam- phor gum, }4 oz. Dissolve the camphor in the alcohol, then the shellac, adding the turpentine, and finally the vermillion, being very careful that no blaze shall come in contact with its fumes; for if it does, it will fire very quickly. Blue. — Sujstitute fine Prussian-blue for the vermillion, same quantity. Black. — Lamp-black only sufficient to color. Either color must be well rubbed into the mixture. ADVICE— To Young Men and Others, out of Employment.— Advice. — How few there are who will hear advice at all; not because It ifl advice, but from the fact that those who attempt to give it are not Miscellaneous Department. 577 4TiaIified for the work they assume; or that they endeavor to thrust it upon their notice at an inappropriate time; or upon persons over whom no control is acceded, if claimed. But a book or paper never give of- fense from any of these causes ; therefore, they are always welcomed with a hope that real benetit may be derived from their suggestions. Whether that end will be attained in this case, I leave to the judg- ment of those for whom it is intended; hoping they may find them- selves sufficiently interested to give it a careful perusal, and candid consideration. And although my remarks must, in this work, be necessarily short, yet every sentence shall be a text for your own thoughts to contemplate and enlarge upon; and perhaps, in some future edition of the work, I may take room and time to give the sub- ject that attention which is really its due ; and which would be a pleasure to devote to its consideration. First, then, let me ask why are so many young men and other persons out of employment ? Tlie answer is very positive as well as very plain. It is this — indolence, coupled with a determination that they will do some great thing, only. And because that great thing does not turn up without effort, tliey are doing nothing. The point of diffi- culty is simply this: They look for the end, before the beginning. But >U8t consider how few there are that really accomplish any great thing, Viven with a whole life of industry and ecoaomical perseverance. And yet most of our youth (ialculate that their bes.i nniiig s\\a\\ be among the greats. But as no one comes to offer them their expectations, indolence %ays wait ; and so they are still waiting. Now mind you, so long as your expectations are placed upon a chance offer of something very remunerative, or upon the assistance of others, even in a small way, so long will you continue t© wait ill vain. At this point, then, the ques- lion would arise, what can be done ? and the answer is equally plain W-ith the other. Take hold of the lirst job you can find, for it will n^t Jind j^ou. No matter how insignificant it may be, it will be betcet than longer idleness; and when you are seen doing something f.w yourself, by those whose opinions are worth any consideration, they will soon offer you more and better jobs; until, finally, you will ti'^d * a fraud to conceal a fraud. The law compels no one to do impossibilities. An agreement without consideration is void. Signatures made with a lead-pencil are good in law. A receipt for money paid is not legally conclusive. The acts of one partner bind all the others. Contracts made on Sunday cannot be enforced. A contract made with a minor is void. A contract made with a lunatic is void. Contracts for advertisements in Sunday newspapers art' mralid. Principals are responsible for the acts of their agents. Agents are responsible to their principals for errors. Each individual in a partnership is responsible for the wholr amount of the debts of the Arm. A note given by a minor is void Notes bear interest only when so stated. It is not legallj' necessary to say on a note "fo.' value received." A note drawn on Sunday is void. A note obtained by fraud, or from a person in a state of intoxica- tion, cannot be collected. If a note be lost or stolen, it does not release the maker; he must pay it. ... An endorser of a note is exempt from liability if not served with notice of its dishonor within twenty-four hours of its non-payment. Business Maxims.— Caution is the father of security. He who pays before-hand is served behind-hand. If you would know the value of a dollar, try to borrow one. Be silent when a fool talks. Never speak boastingly of your business. An hour of triumph comes at last to those who watch and wait. Word by word Webster's big dictionary was made. Speak well of your friends— of your enemies say nothing. Never take back a discharged servant. If you post your servants upon your affairs, they will •ne day rend you. Do not waste time in useless regrets over losses. Systematize your business, and keep an eye on little ^ixpenses. Small leaks sink great ships Never fail to take a receipt for money paid, and keep copies of your letters. Do your business promptly, and bore not a busines? ni-:)n with long yisits. , , ^, Law is a trade in which the lawyers eat the oysters :ind lenvn the etfents the ehells. - Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. 583 Rothschild, the founder of the world-reaowned house of Roths- child So Co., ascribed his success to the following: Never have anything to do with an unlucky man. Be cautious and bold. Make a bargain at once. Bug Poison.— Proof spirit, 1 pt. ; camphor, 2 ozs. ; oil of turpen- tine, 4 ozs. ; corrosive sublimate, 1 oz. Mix. To Avoid Catching Cold.— Accustom yourself to the use of spong- ing with cold water every morning on first getting out of bed. It should be followed by a good deal of rubbing with a wet towel. It has considerable effect in giving tone to the skin, and maintaining a proper action in it, and thus proves a safeguard to the injurious influ- ence of cold and sudden changes of temperature. Sir Astley Cooper said: "The methods by which I have preserved my own health are- temperance, early rising, and sponging the body every morning with cold water, immediately after getting out of bed— a practice which 1 iave adopted for thirty years without ever catcliing cold." Substitute for Cement. — The white of an Q«i^, well beaten with quicklime, and a small quantity of very old cheese, forms an excellent (Substitute for cement, when wanted in a hurry, either for broken china »r old ornamental glassware. Cement for BroljLen China, Glass, etc. — The following recipe, from experience, we know to be a good one; and being nearly colorless, it possesses advantages which liquid glue and other cements do not : — Dissolve ^oz. of gum acacia in a wine-glass of boiling water; add plaster of Paris sufficient to form a thick paste, and apply it with a brush to the parts required to be cemented together. Several aiticles upon our toilet table have been repaired most effectually by this recipe. Capacity of Cisterns or Wells. — Tabular view of the number of rallons contained in the clear, between the brick-work, for each ten inches of depth : DIAMETER. OAL, 2 feet equal 19 M " :: ^% " " .'*.'.".■.■.*.■.■.■.! 6 " " 6K*' " 6 " «' ^M " " 7K " " '.':::::::::. UIAMETEK. GAL* 8 feet equal 313 " 353 " 396 " 461 " 489 " 592 " 705 " 827 " 959 " 1101 " 195.S " 30.".i) Disinfecting Fumigation. — Common salt, 3 ozs.; black mang:i- nese, oil of vitriol, of each, 1 oz. ; water, 2 ozs.; carried in a cii| through the apartments of the sick; or the apartments intended to W fumigated, where sickness has been, may be shut up for an hour or two, and then opened. CofTee a Disinfectant.— Numerous experiments with roasted coffet prove that it is the most powerful means, not only of rendering ani- mal and vegetable effluvia innocuous, but of actually destroying them. A room in which meat in an advanced degree of decomposition had been kept for some time, was instantly depi'ived of all smell on an ppen coffee-roaster being carried tlirough it, containing a pouncl of 30 ^% 44 9 60 9K 78 10 99 11 122 12 148 13 176 14 207 15 240 20 275 25 584 Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. coffee newly roasted. In another room, exposed to the effluvium occs^- sioned by the clearing out of the dung-pit, so that sulphuretted hydro- gen and ammonia in great quantities could be chemically detected, the stench was completely removed in half a minute, on the employment of three ounces of fresh-roasted coffee, whilst the other parts of the house were permanently cleared of the same smell by being simply traversed with tlie coffee-roaster, although the cleansing of the dung- pit continued for several hours after. The best mode of using the coffee as a disinfectant is to dry the raw bean, pound it in a mortar, and ttien roast the powder on a moderately heated iron plate, until it assumes a dark brown tint, when it is fit for use. Then sprinkle it in sinks or cesspools, or lay it on a plate in the room which you wish to have purified. Coffee acid or coffee oil acts more readily in minute quantities. Charcoal as a Disinfectant. — The great efficacy of wood and ani- mal charcoal in absorbing effluvia, and the greater number of gases and vapors, has long been known. Charcoal powder has also, during many centuries, been advan- tageously employed as a filter for putrid water, the object in view be- ing to deprive the water of numerous organic impurities diffused through it, which exert injurious effects on the animal economy. It is somewhat remarkable that the very obvious application of & perfectly similar operation to the still rarer fluid in which we live- namely, the air, which not unfrequently contains even more noxiou*- organic impurities floating in it than those present in water — shouW have for so long a period been so unaccountably overlooked. Charcoal not only absorbs effluvia and gaseous bodies, but espe cially, when in contact witli atmospheric air, oxidizes and destroy!) many of the easily alterable ones, by resolving them into the simplest combinations they are capable of forming, which are chiefly water and carbonic acid. It is on this oxidizing property of charcoal, ;is well as on its ab sorbeiit power, that its efficacy as a deodorizing and disinfecting agent chiefly depends. Effluvia and miasmata are usually regarded as highly organized, nitrogenous, easily alterable bodies. When these are absorbed by charcoal, they come in contact with highly condensed oxygen gaa, which exists within the pores of all charcoal which has been exposea to the air, even for a few minutes; in this way they are oxidized and destroyed. Flies to Destroy. — A tea-spoon of laudanum, and two table-spoons of water, strongly sweetened with sugar, placed in a saucer, — or dis- solve quassia chips in boiling water, and sweeten. Or a strong infu- sion of green tea, well sweetened. Or ground black pepper and sugar, diluted in milk, and put on plates, etc. Flies, To keep off. — Dust meat over wUh pepper, or powdered gin- ger, or fasten to it a piece of paper on which camphor has been well rubbed, or a few drops of creosote. Mixture for Destroying Flies. — Infusion of quassia, 1 pt. ; brown sugar, 4ozs.; ground pepper, 2 ozs. To be well mixed together, an put in small shallow dishes when required. To Destroy Flies in a a room, take half a tea-spoon of black pep- per in powder, 1 tea-spoon of brown sugar, andl table-spoon of cream, mix them well together, and place tlum in the room on a plate, where the flies are troublesome, and they will soon disappear. Flies. — Co Id green tea, very strong, and sweete^>ed with ansrar Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. 585 will, when set about the room in saucers, attract flies, and destroy them. Grease and Oil, to Remove. — Make a strong lye of pearl-ashes and soft water; and as much unslacked lime as it will take up; stir it to- gether; let it settle; bottle it and stop close; have water ready to low- er it as used, and scour the part with it. If the liquor should lie long on the boards it will extract the color of them. Use oare and expe- dition. Grease, to clean from Floors. — Spread over the stain a thick coat of soft soap , then pass a heated flat-iron a few times aeross it, after which wash immediately, first with Fullers' earth water, and then clean water. Grease Spots, to remove. — The application of spirits of turpen- tine, and a little essence of lemon; wash with soap and water. Some wash with alum water, or white soap, potass, and ox-gall, or with sour butter-milk mixed with strong ascetic acid. — Or apply a solution of magnesia. Grease Spots, to remove from Books. — Moisten the spot with a eamel-liair pencil dipped in spirits of turpentine ; when dry, moisten with spirits of wine. Grease, to remove from Cloth.— Soft soap, and fuller's earth, 3^ Tb. ; be at well together in a mortar, and form into cakes. The spot, first moistened with water, is rubbed with a cake, and allowed to dry, when it is well rubbed with a little warm water, and rinsed, or rubbed off" clean. Hair-Brashes and Combs, to Clean.— Dissolve potash in boiling water, and rub the brush with soap; dip the brush into the solution, and draw it through the comb frequently, taking care to keep the wood dry. ; Lastly, rinse the hair in cold water, and dry. To Prevent Moths.— In the month of April or May, beat your fur f garments well with a small cane or elastic stick, then wrap them up n inen, without pressing the fur too hard, and put betwixt the folds «ome camphor in small lumps; then put your furs in this state in box- es well closed. When the furs are wanted for use, beat them well as before, and expose them for twenty-four hours to the air, which will take away the smell of the camphor. If the fur has long hair, as bear or fox, add to the camphor an equal quantity of black pepper in pow- der. To free Plants from Leaf- Lice.— M. Braun, of Vienna, gives the following as a cheap and easy mode of effecting it: — Mix 1 oz of flour of sulphur with 1 bushel of sawdust ; scatter this over the plants infected with these insects, and they will soon be freed, though the sec- ond application may possibly be necessary. Paste is usually made by rubbing up flour with cold water, and boiling; if a little alum is mixed before boiling it is much improved, being less clammy, working more freely in the brush, and thinner, a less quantity is required, and it is therefore stronger. If required in a large quantity, as for papering rooms, it may be made by mixing Z% lbs. flour, ^Ib. of alum; and a little warm water ; when mixed, the requisite quantity of boiling water should be poured on whilst the mix- ture is being stirred. Paste is only adapted to cementing paper; when used it should be spread on one side of the paper ; which should then be folded with the pasted side inwards, an d allowed to remain a few minutes before being opened and used; this swells the paper, and per- mits its being more smoothly and securely attached. Dectructioii of Rat».— The following recipe forth* destrmotion 586 Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. of rats has been communicated by Dr. Ure to the council of the Eng- lish Agricultural Society, and is highlj' recommended as the best known means of getting rid of these most obnoxious and destructive ver- min. It has been tried by several intelligent persons, and found pei- fectly effectual. Melt hog's lard in a bottle plunged in wat(!r, heatit; to about 150 deg. of Fahr. ; introduced into J^ oz. of phosphorus for every pound of lard; then add a pint of proof spirits, or whisky; cork the bottle firmly after its contents have been heated to 150 deg., taking it at the same time out of the water, and agitate smartly till the phos- phorus becomes uniformly diffused, forming a milky-looking liquid, fhis liquid, being cooled, will afford a white compound of phosphoru.s and lard, from which the spirit spontaneously separates, and may be poured off" to be used again, for none of it enters into the combiiiatlon, but it merely serves to comminute the phosphorus, and diffuse it in very fine particles through the lard. This compound, on being warm- ed very gently, may be poured out into a mixture of wheat flour and sugar, incorporated therewith, and then flavoui-ed with oil of rho- dium, or not, at pleasure. The flavor may be varied with oil of ani- seed, etc. This dough, being made into pellets, is to be laid in rat- holes. By its luminousness in the dark, it attracts their notice, and be- ing agreeable to their palates and noses, it is readily eaten, and proves ceii^inly fatal. Rats, to Destroy. — Mix powdered nux vomica, with oatmeal, crumbs of cheese, and a quantity of lard, for a few nights omit the nux vomica, till they become familiar with the other food. Or, add, instead of nux vomica, powdered phosphorus. Mix with a piece of wood, that the rats may not scent your hands. Place it beyond the reach of other animals. The addition of a little oil of amber attracts the rats. Or, cut cork into very fine bits, and fry them with lard and cheese crumbs. When cold, add oil of amber to entice them. Or, take oil of amber, ox-gall, and powdered phosphorus, in equal parts, add oatmeal suffi- cient to form a paste, which make into little balls, and lay them near the places visited by rats, surround the balls with vessels full of wa- ter. The smell of the oil attracts the rats; they greedily devour the balls, which make them thirstj', and they kill themselves with drinking the water. The asphodel is useful in driving away rats and mice, which have such an antipathy to this plant, that if their holes be stopped up with it tliey will rather die than pass. It is a good thing to put gas-tar in the runs and holes of rats. When once daubed with it they will come no more. Feed them well for a week with fresh oatmeal, every day; but nev- ertouch it with your hand; put it into a dish pressed down that you may see what they have eaten. Then mix anotiier lot with four drops of oil of aniseed, or oil of rhodium ; feed with this two or three days more. Then give the following mixture: — To 4 ozs. of dry oatmeal scented with 6 drops of oil of aniseed, add 3>^ oz. of carbonated bar- ytes, or nux vomica in powder, sifted through muslin. Mix this inti- mately with the scented oatmeal; then laj' it upon the slate, or, leave it 24 hours for the rats to eat. This kills them. Keep the mixture from dogs, cats, or other animals, and from children. Razor, to Sharpen. — Tiie simplest method of sharpening a razor is to put it for half an hour in water to which has been added one twentieth of its weight of muriatic or sulphuric acid, and after a few hours, set it on a hone. The acid acts as a whetetone, by corroding the ilie wliole surface uniformly, so that nothing further than a smoot!) polish ia B«««8*»r7. Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. 5^7 nitaor, to Smooth. — Pass the razor on the inside of your hand, drst wu.inino: it before the tire. Or, use the strap of a soldier's Ivnap- eack, or calf leatlier, on which some fine black lead has been rubbed and consolidated to a slight surfiice. Razor Strop, and Paste.— It may be made of rough calf leather, two or three inches broad, or of the strap of a soldier's knap-sack. Up- on it spread powdered oxalic acid and candle snuffs, with a little tal- low. —Or spread upon it crocus raartis and fine tallow. — Or, emery ground as fine as possible, mixed with spermaceti or fine tallow. — Or, glue, % oz.; molasses, M oz. ; steep the glue in water to soften it, and then boil both together Tor a few minutes, and crocus martis, or fine emery powder, and then spread on the leather. When you use it ap- ply first a drop or two of sweet oil. Hints Upon Spelling.— The following rules will be found of great assistance in writing, because they relate to a class of words about the spelling of which doubt and hesitation are frequently felt: All words of one syllable ending in I, with a single vowel before it, have double I at the close: as, mill, sell. All words of one syllable endi.ig in I, with a double vowel before \t, have one I only at the close: as mail sail. Words of one syllable ending in I, when compounded, retain but *)ne I e&cu: asfuiJU, skilful. Wordtt of more than one syllable ending in I have one I only at the dose: as, delightful, faithful; except befall, downfall, recall, unwell, «tc. All derivatives from words ending in I have one I only: as equal- ity, from equal ; fulness, from fuU , except they end in er or ly: as, mill, miller ; full, fully All participles in in^ from verbs ending in e lose the e final: as, have, having; amuse, amusing; unless they come from veibs emling in slouble e, and then they retain both: as, see, seeing; agree, agreeing. All adverbs in ly and nouns in rnent retain the e final of the primi- tives: as, brave, bravely; refine, refiner/ient ; except acknowledgment, judg- ment, etc. All derivatives from words ending in er, retain the e before the r: iU, refer, reference; except hindrance, from hinder; remembi'unce, from rememhe>r; disastrous from disaster; monstrous from monster; wondrous from wonder; cumbrous from cumber, etc. Compound words, if both end not in I, retain their primitive parts entire; as, millstone, changeable, raceless; except always, also, deplorable, although, almost, admirable, etc. All one-syilables ending a consonant, with a single vowel before it, double that consonant in derivatives: as, sin, siiiner; ship, .'^hipping; big, bigger; glad, gladder, etc. One-syllables ending in a consonant, with a double vowel befoi-e it, do not doubt the consonant in derivatives : as, sleep, sleepy; troop, trooper. All words of more than one syllable ending in a single, consonant, preceded by a single vowel, and accented on the last syllable, double that consonant in derivatives: as, comm'^t, committee; compel, compelled; appal, appalling; disld, distiller. Nouns of one syllable ending in y, preceded by a consonant, change y into iet in the plural; and verbs ending in y preceded bj- a conso- nant, change y info tes in the third person singular of the present tense, and into te<2 in the past tense and pnst participle; as, fly, flies; I ap- /%, h» apptietf we reply^ we replied, or have replied. If the y be pre- 588 Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. ceded by a vowel, this rule is not applicable: as, key, keys; I play, he plays; we have enjoyed ourselves. Compound words whose primitive end in y change y into t: as, beauty, beautiful; lovely, loveliness. Weights and Measures. BUSHBI/S. LBS. Wheat 60 Peas 60 Rye 59 Oats 32 Barley ,, 47 White Beans 60 Castor Beans 46 Clover-Seed 60 Flax-Seed 56 Shelled Corn 56 Coin in the ear 70 Irish Potatoes 60 BUSHELS. LBS. Sweet Potatoes 60 Timothy Seed 44 Blue Grass Seed 45 Dried Peaches 38 Dried Apples 24 Buckwheat 48 Onions. , 57 Salt 50 Bran..- 20 Turnips 55 Corn-Meal 48 Fine Salt 55 Windsor Soap is merely the best white soap melted, and scent ed with oil of carraway, and put into moulds. Signs of the Weather— Dew.— If the dew lies plentifully on the grass after a fair day, it is a sign of another fair day. If not, and thert- is no wind, rain must follow. A red evening poitends fine weather, but if it spread too far upwards from the horizon in the evening, and especially in the morning, it foretells wind or rain, or both. When the sky, in rainy weather, is tinged with sea green, the rain will in- crease ; if with deep blue, it will be showery. Clouds. — Previous to much rain falling, the clouds grow bigger and increase very fast, especially before thunder. When the clouds are formed like fleeces, but dense in the middle and bright towards tht- edges, with the sky bright, they are signs of a frost, with hail, snow, 01 rain. If clouds form high in air, in thin wliite trains like locks of wool, they portend wind, and probably rain. When a general cloudi- ness covers the sky, and small black fragments of clouds fly under neath, they area sure sign of rain, and probably it will be lasting Two curreh,ts of clouds always portend rain, and, in summer, thunder. Heavenly Bodies. — A haziness in the air, which fades the sun's light, and makes the orb appear whitish, or ill-deflned — or at night, if the moon and stars grow dim, and a ring encircles the former, rain will follow. If the sun's rays appear lilvc Moses' horns — if white at setting, or shorn of his rays, or if he goes down into a bank of clouds in the hor- izon, bad weather is to be expected. If the moon looks pale and dim, we expect rain; if red, wind ; and if of her natural colour, with a clear sky, fair weather. If the moon is rainy throughout, it will clear at the change, and, perhaps, the rain return a few days after. If fair throughout, and rain at the change, the fair weather will probably re- turn on the fourth or fifth day. Weather Precautions. — If the weather appears doubtful, always* take the precaution of having an umbrella when you go out, particu- larly in going to church ; you thereby avoid incurring one of three dis- agreeables; in the first place, the chance of getting wet^or encroach, ing under a friend's umbrella — or beingunder the necftssity of borrow ing one, consequently involving the trouble of returning it, and possi' bly (as is the case in nine times out of tea) iQConveiiieneing your friend I37 ni^fisettng to do so. Dr. Chase's Recipes. 589 % " 40 H " 80 % 20 K 15 i 10 % " 7 to 8 h 5 Bales for Administering' Medicines, liarin^ Reference to Age 4Bd Sex. — For an adult (a person of 40 years), the dose of commoa medicines is allowed about 1 drachm, 60 grains. Those at 20 years, 13 7 4 3 2 1 For babes, under 1 year, the dose should go down by months, at about the same rate as by years for those over a year. Again, for persons in advanced life, say from 60 years, the dose must begin to lessen about 5 grains, and from that on, 5 grains for each additional 10 years. Females, however, need a little less, generally, than males. The above rules hold good in all medicines, except castor oil, the proportion of which cannot be reduced so much, and opium and its various preparations, which must be reduced, generally, in a little greater proportion. Explanation of Medical Abbreviations, Apotliecaries' Weights and Measures* — One pound (lb.) contains 12 ounces. One ounce (oz.) " 8 drachms. One drachm (dr.) " 3 scruples. One scruple (scr.) " 20 grains, (gr.) LIQUID MEASURE. One pint One ounce One table-spoon One tea-spoon Sixty drops make contains 16 fluid ozs., (4 gills.) 8 " drs., (1^ gill.) about }4. * fluid ounce. " 1 fluid drachm. " 1 tea-spoon. Whenever a tea, or table-spoon, is mentioned, it means the same as it would to say spoonful ; the same of cup, in fluid measures ; but in dry measures, where a spoon or spoonful is mentioned, the design is that the spoon should be taken up moderately rounding, unless other- wise met^tioned. COLORING OEprntJiEm REMABKS.-^>It may be necessary to remark, ana I do sa nere, once for all, that every article to be dyed, as well aa everything io be used about dyeing, should be perfectly clean. In the next place, the article to be dyed should be well scoured in soap, and then the soap rinsed out. It is also an advantage to dip the article you wish to dye into water, just before putting it into tiie akun or other preparation ; for the neglect of this precaution it is nothing uncommon to have the goods or yarn spotted. Soft water should al- ways be used, if possible, and suflScient to cover the goods hand- somely. As soon as an article is dyed '\t should be aired a little, then well rinsed, and afterwards hung up to dry. When dyeing or scouring silk, or merino dresses, care should be t;iken not to wring them, for this has a tendency to wrinkle and break the silk. In patting dresses and shawls out to dry, that have been dyed, they should be hun^ up by the edge so as to dry'e^enly. Great conhdence may be placed in these coloring recipes, as the author has had them revised by Mr. Siorms, of this city, who has been in the business over thirtv years. COLORS ON Woolen goods.- -l. chrome Black— Superior to Any in Use.— For 5 lbs. of goods — blue vitriol, 6 ozs. ; boil it a few minutes, then dip the goods % of an hour, airing often; take out the goods, and make a dye with logwood. 8 lbs.; boil J^ hour; dip % of an hour and air the goods, and dip % of an hour more. Wash iu strong suds. N. B. — This will not impart any of its color in fulling, nor fade by exposure to the sun. 2. Blaclt on Wool— For Mixtures.— For 10 lbs. of wool— Bi- chromate of potash, 4 ozs.; ground argal, 3 ozs.; boil together and put in the wool ; stir well and let it remain in the dye 4 hours. Then take out the wool, rinse it slightly in clear water; then make a new dye into which put logwood, SJ^ lbs>. Boil 1 honi- and add chamber-lye, 1 pt., and let the wool lie in all night. Wash in clear water. 3. Steel Mix — Dark.— Black wool— It may be natural or colored, 10 lbs.; white wool, 1)^ lbs. Mix evenlv together, and it will be beau- tiful. 4. Snuff Brown— Dark, for Cloth or Wool.— For 5 lbs. goods- camwood, lib.; boil it 15 minutes, then dip the goods for \ of an hour; take out the goods, and add to tlie dye, fustic, V/^ lbs.; boil 10 minutes, and dip the goods % of an liour; "then add blue vitriol, 1 oz.; copperas, 4 ozs. ; dip again 3^ hour : if not dark enough, add more cop- peras. It is dark and permanent. 5. Wine Color.— For 5 lbs. goods— Camwood. 2 lbs. ; boil 15 min- viiw, and dip the goods y^ hour; boil again a'^d dip % hour; then Coloring Department. 591 iarten mth blue vitriol, l^^ozs.; if not dark enough, add copperas, 6. Madder Bed. — To each lb. of goods— Alum, 5 ozs. ; red, or cream-of -tartar, 1 oz. ; put in the goods and brinig your kettle to a boil for % hour; then air them and boil '% hour longer; then empty your kettle and fill mth clean water ; put in bran, 1 peck; make it milk- warm and let it stand until the bran rises, then skim off the bran and put in madder, *^ lb. ; put in your goods and heat slowly until it boils and is done. Wash in strong suds. T. Green— On Wool or Silk, Tfith Oak Bark.— Make a strong yellow dye of yellow oak and hickory bark, in equal quantities. Add the extract of indigo or chemic (which see), 1 table-spoon at a time, until you get the shade of color desired. Or : 8. Green— With Fastic— For each lb. of goods— Fustic, 1 lb. ; with alum, 3J^ ozs. Steep until the strength is out, and soak the goods therein until a good yellow Is obtained; then remove the chips, and j-dd extract of indigo or chemic, 1 table-spoon at a time, until the color 4uits. 9. Blue — Qnick Process. — For 2 lbs. of goods— Alum, 5 ozs. ; cream-of-tartar, 3 ozs. ; boil the goods in this for one hour; then thi-ow >he goods into warm water, which has more or less of the extract of ^ndl^o in it, according to the depth of color desired, and boil again until it suits, adding more of the blue if needed. It is quick and per- manent. 10. Stocking Yarn or Wool, to Color— Between a Blue and a l^nrple. — For 5 lbs. of wool — Bi-chromate of potash, 1 oz. ; alum, 2 ozs. ; dissolve them and bring the water to a boil, putting in the wool and boiling 1 hour; then throw away the dye and make another dye *vith logwood chips, 1 lb., or extract of logwood, 1% o^s., and boil one hour. This also works veiy prettily on silk. N. B. — Whenever you make a dye with logwood chips, either boil ihe chips % hour and pour oflF the dye, or tie up the chips in a bag and boil with the wool or other goods; or take 23^ ozs. of the extract In place of 1 lb. of the chips, is less trouble and generally the better plan. In the above recipe, the more logwood that is used, the darker will be the shade. 11. Scarlet, with Cochineal— For Yarn or Cloth.— For 1 lb. of goods — Cream-of-tartar, "% oz. ; cochineal, well pulverized, '%, oz. ; mu- riate of tin. 23^ ozs. ; then boil up the dye and enter the goods; work them briskly for 10 or 15 minutes, after which boil \% hours, stirring the goods slowly while boiling ; wash in clear water and dry in the shade. 12. Pink.— For 3 lbs. of goods— Alum, 3 ozs. ; boil and dip the goods 1 hour ; then add to the dye cream-of-tartar, 4 ozs ; cochineal, well pulverized, 1 oz. ; boil well and dip the goods while boiling, until the color suits. 13. Orange.— For 5 lbs. goods— Muriate of tin, 6 table-spoons; argal, 4 ozs. ; boil and dip 1 hour ; then add to the dye fustic, Vy^ lbs. ; boil 10 minutes, and dip ^ hour, and add again to the dye, madder, 1 tea-cup ; dip again 3^ hour. N. B. — Cochineal in place of madder makes a much brighter color, which should be added in small quantities until pleased. About 2 ozs. 14. Lac Red. — For 5 lbs. goods — Argal, 10 ozs. ; boil a few min- utes: then mix fine ground lac, 1 lb., with muriate of tin, \% lbs., and let tli«n stctod 2 or 3 hours; then add half of the lac to the argal .30 592 Dr. Chase's Hecipes. dye, and dip W hour ; then add the balance of the lac and dip again 1 hour ; keep the dye at a boiling heat, until the last half-hour, when the dye may be cooled off. 15. Purple.— For 5 lbs. goods— Cream-of-tartar, 4 ozs. ; alum, 6 ozs. ; cochineal, well pulverized, 2 ozs. ; muriate of tin, i^ tea-cup. Boil the cream-of-tartar, alum, and tin, 15 minutes; then put in the cochineal and boil 5 minutes ; dip the goods 2 hours ; then make a new dye with alum, 4 ozs. ; Brazil wood, 6 ozs. ; logwood, 14 ozs. ; muriate of tin, 1 tea-Clip, with a little chemic; work again until pleased. 16. Silver Drab— Light.— For 5 lbs. goods— Alum, 1 small tea- spoon, and logwood about the same amount ; boil well together, then dip the goods 1 hour ; if not dark enough, add in equal quantities alum and logwood, until suited. It. Slate, on Woolen or Cotton— With Beech Bark.— Boil the bark in an iron kettle, skim out the chips iifter it has boiled sufficiently, and then add copperas to set the dye. If you wish it very dark, add more copperas. This is excellent for stockings. 18. Extract of Indigo or Chemic— To Make.— For good chemic or extract of indigo, take oil of vitriol, "% lb., and stir into it indigo, finely ground, 2 ozs, continuing the stirring at first for J^ hour; now cover over, and stir 3 or 4 times daily for two or three days ; then put in a crumb of saleratus and stir it up, and if it foams, put in more and stir, and add as long as it foams; the saleratus neuti-alizes any excesf of acid ; then put into a glass vessel and cork up tight. It improve* by standing. Druggists keep this prepared. 19. Wool— To Cleanse.— Make a liquid of water, 3 parts, ana urine, 1 part; heat it as hot as j-^ou can bear the hand in it; then put in the wool, a little at a time, so as not to have it crowd ; let it remain in for 15 minutes; take it out over a basket to drain; then rinse in running water, and spread it out to diy; thus proceed in the same liquor; when it gets reduced fill it up in the same proportions, keeping it at hand heat, all the time not using an v soap. 20. Dark Colors— To Extract and" Insert Light.— This recipe ir calculated for carpet rags. In the first place let the rags be washed clean — the black or brown rags can be colored red or jnirple, at tht option of the dyer; to do this, take for every 5 lbs. black or brown rags muriate of tin, % lb.; and the lac, }4 lb.; mixed with the same as for the lac red; dip the goods in this dye 3 hours, boiling % of the time; if not red enough, add more tin and lac. The goods can then be made a purple by adding a little logwood ; be careful and not get in but a very small handful, as more can be added if not enouah. Whhe rags make a beautiful appearance in a carpet, by tying them in the skein and coloring them red, green, or purple ; gray rags will take a very good green — tlie coloring will be in proportion to the darknesi* of mix. DURABLE COLORS ON COTTON.— 1. Black.— For 6 lbs goods —Sumac, wood and bark together, 3 lbs. ; boil ^ hour, and let the goods steep 12 hours; then dip in lime water J^ hour; then take out the g(!ods and let them drip an hour; now add to the' sumac liquor, copperas, 8 ozs., and dip another hour; then run them through the tub of lime water again for 15 minutes; now make a new dye with log- wood, 23^ lbs., by boiling 1 hour, and dip again 3 l.our.«; now add hi- oliromate of potash, 2 ozs., to the logwood dye, and dip 1 hour. Wash in clear cold water and dry in the shade. You may say this is doing too much. You cannot get a permanent black on cotton with lesa labor. Coloring Department. 50* *l. Sky Blue.— For 3 lbs. goods — Blue vitriol, 4 ozs. ; boll a few tefnotes ; then dip the goods 3 hours, after which pass them through strorig lime water. You can make this color a beautifiil brown by put- ting the goods through a solution of prussiate of potash. 3. Lime Water, and Strong Lime Water— For Coloring,— Lime water is made by putting stone lime, 1 lb., and strong lime water, IJ^ lbs., into a pail of w.iter, slacking, stirring and letting it stand until it becomes clear, then turn into a tub of water, in which dip the goods. 4. Blue, on Cotton or Linen— With Logwood.— In all cases, if new, they should be boiled in a strong soap-suds or weak lye, and' rinsed clean ; then for cotton 5 lbs. or linen 8 lbs., take bi-chromate of potash, ^ lb.; put in the goods and dip 2 hours, then take out and rinse ; make a dye with logwood, 4 lbs.; dip in this 1 hour, and let stand in the dye 3 or 4 houi-s, or till the dye is almost cold ; wash out and dry. 5. Bine on Cotton— Without Logwood.— For 5 lbs. of rags- Copperas, 4 ozs.; boil and dip 15 minutes; then dip in strong suds, and oack to the dye 2 or 3 times ; then make a dye with prussiate of potash, I ot. ; oil of vitriol, 6 table-spoons; boil 80 minutes and rinse ; then drj-. 6. Oreen. — If the cotton is new, boil in weak lye or strong suds; then wash and dry; give the cotton a dip in the home-made blue dye- tub until blue enough is obtained to make the green as dark as required, t ike out, dry, and rinse the goods a little; then make a dye with fus- lic, ^ lb.; logwood, 3 ozs., to each lb. of goods, by boiling the dye one hour; when cooled so as to bear the hand, put in the cotton, move oriskly a few minutes, and let lie 1 hour ; take out and let it thoroughly .Irain ; dissolve and add to the dye, for each 1>. of cotton, blue vitriol, ^/^ (>/.., and dip another hour; wring out and let dry in the shade. By adding or diminishing the logwood and fustic, any shade of green may be obtained. 7. Yellow. — For 5 lbs. of goods — Sugar of lead, 7 ozs. ; dip the g'Muis 2 hours; make a new dye with bi-chromate of potash, 4 ozs.; dip 'iMi il tiie color suits, wring out and dry. If not yellow enough, repeat die, operation. ». Orange. — For 5 lbs. of goods — Sugar of lead, 4 ozs., boil a few minutes, and when a little cool put in the goods; dip 2 hours, wring out; make a new dye with bi-chroraate of potash, 8 ozs.; madder, 2 ozs ; dip until it suits; if the color should be too red, take off a small should be incapable of injuring or destroying either by prolonged action. 3, They should form, with the color, a compound capable o' resisting the action of air and water. 4. They should be capable oJ readily conforming to the various operations of the dyer. The Mordants. — For the reasons just given, the acetate or tartrat*. of iron is preferable to the sulphate ; and the acetate or tartrate ol alumina to alum. For reds, yellows, green, and pinks, aluminous mor- dants are to be used. For blacks, browns, puces, and violets, the acetate or tartrate of iron must be emplojred. For scarlets, use a tin mordant, made by dissolving in strong nitric acid one-eighth of its weight of sal- ammoniac, then adding by degrees one-eighth of its weight of tin, and diluting the solution with one-fourth of its weight of water. Calico, Linen, and Mnslin.— -Bir.e.— Wash well to remove dress- ing, and dry; then dip in a strong solution of sulphate of indigo— partly saturated with potash — and hang up. Dry a piece to see if the color is deep enough; if not, dip again. Saxon Blue. — Boil the article in alum, and then dip in a strong solution of chemical blue. Calico, Linen, and Muslin. — Buff. — Boil an ounce of anatto in 'a quarts of water, add 2 ounces of potash, stir well, and put in the calico while boiling, and stir well for five minutes; remove and plunge into cold pump water, hang up the articles without wringing, anJ »■<''•»»• almost dry, fold. Appendix to Coloring Deparimeni. 597 CalieO) Linen, and Muslin.— material. Plum Color for Worsted, Silk, or Cotton. — Water, Igal.; sul phuric acid, a tea-spoon ; glauber salts, or common Dyer's crystals, 2 table-spoons; violet liquoi-, a table-spoon ; magenta liquor, 1^ a table spoon. Boil the article (silk, wool, or worsted,) about 10 minutes. Cotton should be dyed the above colors separately, and by first running them through weak Gall Liquor, and weak double muriate of tin. Then wash well, and work in the aforesaid liquor, according to color and shade. The liquor sliould be cold for Cotton. Scarlet on Worsted or Wool. — Water, 3 gals. ; dry cochineal, 2 ozs.; cream-of-tartar, 1 oz. ; nitrate of tin, a wine glass; boil the goods 1 hour. To give the goods a yellower hue, add a little young fustic. Wash out as before. Yellow for Dyeing Mlk. — Proceed the same as in dyeing Pea». Green, omitting the extract of indigo, and using oxalic tin instead of sulphuric acid. To Prepare Annotta. — Into 2 gals, of water put 1 lb. of Annota 4 ozs. of pearlasli. and 2 ozs. of soft soap, and apply heat, stirring until the wliole is dissolved; when convenient it is best to boil the solution. Appendix to Coioring Department, 599 To Prepare Catechu.— To 7 or 8 gals, of water put 1 lb. of cate- chu, and boil till it is all dissolved; then add 2 ozs. of sulphate of cop- per. Stir, and it is ready for use. Becipe for Dyeing' Cotton. — In the following recipes the quanti- ties are given for 10 lbs. of cotton, whether yarn or cloth: Common Black. — Steep the goods in a decoction of 3 lbs. of sumach while it is hot and let them lie over night, wring out and work them for 10 minutes through lime water, then work for half an hour through a solution of 2 lbs. of copperas, they may be either washed from this or worked again through lime water for 10 minutes; then work them half an hour through a warm decoction of 3 lbs. of logwood, adding % pint chamber lye; before entering the goods lift and raise with 3 ozs. of copperas in solution. Work 10 minutes, then wash and dry. Jet Black. — The goods are dyed in the same manner as in the last recipe, but along with the logwood is added 1 lb. fustic. Catechu Brown. — Work the goods at a boiling heat for 2 hours in 2 lbs. of catechu, prepared as above ; wring out and then work for half an hour in a hot solution of 6 ozs of bichromate of Po- tassa; wash from this in hot water; if a little soap is added to the wash water the color is improved. Deeper shades of brown may be dyed by repeating the operation. Catechu Fawn. — Work the goods 15 minutes in hot water contain- ing 2 pints of catechu, prepared as above ; wring out and work 15 minutes in hot water containing 1 oz. of bichromate of Po- tassa in solution ; wash and dry. Common Be^.— Make a decoction of 3 lbs. of sumach, and put the goods in at once; let them steep over night; wringoutand workforan hour in a mixture of 1 gill red spirits (tin spirits) to every gallon' of water; wring out and wash well; then work half an hour in a decoc- tion of 3 lbs. of limawood, and 1 lb. fustic, using this decoction as hot as the hand can bear it ; lift and add 1 gill red spirits ; then work 15 minutes more; wash and dry. Scarlet. — For 1 lb. of goods, boil 1^ ozs. of cream-of-tartar In water in a block tin vessel ; add 1%. ozs. of tin spirits ; boil for 3 min- utes, then boil the goods in it for 2 hours, drain and let the goods cool ; next boil J^ oz. of cream-of-tartar in some water for a few minutes ; add to it % oz. of powdered cochineal, boil for 5 minutes, adding grad- ually 1 oz. tin spirits, stirring well all the time ; then put in the goods and dye immediately. Light Straw. — To a tub of cold water add 4 ozs. of acetate of lead in solution ; work the goods in this for 15 minutes, and wring out ; then work for 10 minutes in another tub of water, containing 2 ozs. of bichromate of Potassa; wring out and work again in the lead solution 10 minutes ; wash and dry. Annotta Orange. — Heat the annotta solution (s«e page 598) to about 140 degrees Fahr., work the goods in it about 20 minutes ; wring out thoroughly, to economize the liquor; wash in two waters and dry. '^ntechu Stone Dra*>- — Work tlje goods 15 minutfes in hot water coiuainlniiff pints prepared catechu (see above) lift and add 2 ozs. of coppcic. ir. solution; work for 16 minutes and wash in water; then work 10 minutes in a tub of warm water containing a decoction of 2 ozs. of logwood; lift and add % oz. of alum; work 10 minutes more; Wrina; out and dry. Deep Yellow.— To a tub of cold water add 1 lb. of acetate of lead and 1 lb. of nitrate of lead in solution; work the goods in this for 30 minutes and WMHg out; then to a tub of warm water add 12 czs. of 6oo Appendix to Coloring Department. bichromate of Potassa, and work the goods in it 15 minutes; expose to the air half an hour; then pass again through both solutions, tfork- ing them the same time in each as before, and expose to the air for 1 hour; then pass them through the lead solution; wring out, wash and dry; if the color is not deep enough they may be passed through tlie solutions again as before. For Woolen Ooods, 10 lbs.- Black. — Work 20 minutes in u bath with 8 ozs. camwood; lift and add 8 ozs. copperas; work 20 minutes more, then withdraw the fire from the boiler, and submerge the goods in the liquor over night; then wash out; work 1 hour in another, both containing a decoction of 5 lbs. of logwood and 1 pint chamber lye; lift and add 4 ozs. of copperas ; work 30 minutes longer ; wash and dry. Red. — Work for 30 minutes in a bath made ap with 1 oz. chrome and 1 oz. alum; wash in cold water; then work 30 minutes in another bath with 3 lbs. of peachwood or limawood; lift and add 1 oz. of alum; work 20 minutes; wash and dry. To Make up a Blue Vat. — Take 1 lb. of indigo and grind in water until no grittiness can be felt between the fingers; put this into a deep vessel, (casks are generally used), with about 13 gals, of water ; then add 2 lbs. of copperas and 3 lbs. newly slacked lime, and stir 15 min- utes; stir every 2 hours for 5 or 6 times; toward the end the liquor should be of a greenish yellow color, with blackish veins through it and a rich froth of indigo on the surface/ after standing 8 hours to eettl* the vat is fit to UM. Cleansing, Renovating, Etc. OOoA CLEANSING, RENOVATING, ETC. Alkali Stains, to Remove. — Wash in dilute oxalic acid, acetic acid or vinegar. Acid Stains, — Saturate with ammonia. Apply chloroform to restore color. Barrels, to Cleanse. — Put a few pounds of unslacked lime in the barrels, add water, roll and rinse thoroughly. Black Cloth, to Clean. — I oz. bicarbonate of ammonia in 1 qt. water. Rub the surface with black wool cloth dipped in the solution and follow with clear water. Iron dry upon the wrong side. For spots, glycerine, 1 oz.; sulphuric ether, 1 oz.; alcohol, 1 oz. ; ammonia, 4 oz.; castile soap, 1 oz. Mix and add water to make two quarts. Apply. Blood Stains, to Remove from White Goods. — Lay on a paste of laundry starch quite wet; repeat the application. Soda or potash is sometimes used. Borax is also useful for laundry purposes instead of soda. Add a handful, powdered, to 10 gals, boiling water. It will not injure the texture of the fine fabrics, such as lace or embroidery. Brass or Copper, to Clean (U. S. Army Method). — Remove all grease with soda water; wash with solution of oxalic acid; rinse and rub with sawdust or whiting. Brushes, to Wash. — Use hot water and ammonia or soda; rinse. Moisten the wood as little as possible; dry with bristles downward. Celluloid Collars, Brushes, Etc., to Whiten. — Use moist cream of tartar or sapolio; rub with a woolen cloth. Cleansing Fluid for Removing Acid, Wax, Tar, Grease Spots, Etc. — One hundred parts alcohol, 30 parts liq. ammonia, 4 parts benzine. Grease Spots from Clothing, to Remove. — Put over the spot a piece of blotting paper and apply a hot iron. Oil Stains from Floors, to Remove. — Use oxalic acid and water, and wash well with soda or soap. Dyes and Stains, ts Remove from the Hands. — A weak solu- tion of oxalic acid may be kept bottled for use. Other simple agents are ammonia, alcohol, vinegar and sapolio. To Take Out Paint from Fabrics. — Equal parts ammonia and turpentine. Saturate two or three times and wash out with soap and water. Remove tar with plain turpentine. Fruit Stains, to Remove. — Pour boiling water through the articles. If necessary bleach out any remaining stains by hold- ing over burning brimstone. Ink Spots, to Remove. — Wet the spot with sour milk; rub a piece of lemon in salt, then a few times on the spot. In the absence of lemon, use oxalic acid and rinse at once, as the acid is poisonous. Magic Annihilator, to Remove Grease, Etc. — A splendid article. 1 qt. aqua ammonia, 2 gals, rainwater, 1 lb. best white soap, 2 oz. saltpeter. Dissolve the soap and saltpeter in the water with gentle heat and add the ammonia when cold. Nitrate of Silver Stains, to Remove from Cloth. — Wet promptly 6ooB Dr. Chase's Recipes. with bichromate of mercury. To clean the fingers use a strong solution of iodide of potassium. Rust Spots, to Remove. — Two parts cream tartar; 1 part oxalic acid pulverized fine. Keep dry in bottle; apply on stain while article is wet. Rinse thoroughly. Silver, Discolored, to Clean. — Rub with a boiling solution of borax. Polish with whiting. Egg stains — rub with wet salt. To Brighten and Polish Silverware. — Boil 2 oz. carb. ammonia in 1 pint rain water, dip a piece of muslin in this and dry without wringing. This will polish silver beautifully. Stove Zinc, to Clean. — Rub with kerosene; it is better than soap suds. Tar, Cart Wheel Grease, Pitch, Asphalt, to Remove. — ^White Goods: Use soap and oil of turpentine; alternate with streams of water. Silk or Colored Goods: Use benzine in place of tur- pentine. Velvet, to Clean. — Rub lightly and rapidly with clean soft white cotton cloth dipped in chloroform ; repeat until clean. To restore the pile of velvet, steam upon wrong side over boiling water. To Clean Engravings, Wall Paper, Etc. — Cut a fresh loaf of bread in thick slices, paring away the crust; rub lightly but firmly. Or mix flour and dilute ammonia to a stiff dough and use in the same way. Windows, Mirrors, Etc., to Clean. — Moisten calcined magnesia with benzine to a paste. Keep in glass, air tight. Do not use near a fire or light. Window Glass, to Remove Paint, Putty or Oil. — Cover with paste of baking soda and rub off just before dry. Or moisten with a little turpentine. CEMENTS, ARTIFICIAL STONE, bTC. Chinese Cement. — Useful for outdoor stucco, and for rendering boxes, baskets, pails, troughs, etc., watertight. Three parts fresh beaten blood, 4 parts slacked lime and a little alum; mix together. It is cheap, tenacious and durable, and has stood the test of centuries in China. Cracks in Walls. — Fill with plaster of paris, moistened to the consistency of putty. Cement for Leather, Belting, Shoe Patches, Etc. — Common glue and isinglass, equal parts. Let them soak in water 10 hours and bring to boiling point; add pure tannin until the whole be- comes ropy or looks like the white of an egg. Apply it warm. Diamond or Armenian Cement. — Isinglass, 1 oz.; distilled vinegar, 5% oz.; spirits wine, 2 oz. ; gum ammoniacum, % oz. ; gum mastic, % oz. Mix with gentle heat. Keep tightly corked. This is used by Turkish jewelers to cement diamonds, etc., to watch cases and other jewelry. Use for glass, china or other polished metals. Portland Cement. — Gray chalk is mixed with ^4 its weight in clay, in a pug mill, with warm water; then drained and dried with heat; then burned in a kiln and ground between millstones. Artificial Sione Sidewalks, Cement For. — Excavate the side- walk 18 in. deep; fill in large stones to within 6 in. of the surface. Take Portland cement, 1 part; stone chips or hard gravel, with a Cements, ArtiUcial Stone, Etc. 6ooC little sand, 6 parts, with water to make a stiff concrete mortar, and bed it in upon the stone bottom to within two inches of the surface. Then take Portland cement, 1 part, and fine sand, 2 parts ; mix with water to a mortar and lay it in up to the surface. It hardens very quickly after mixing. Much ingenuity can be displayed in marking the surface into tile patterns of varied colors. Concrete, for Foundations, Etc. — The concrete for the founda- tions of the Brooklyn bridge was composed of Rosendale cement, 1 part; sand, 2 parts; coarse gravel, 4 parts; mixed. This con- crete should endure for centuries. Artificial Stone. — A famous recipe for the manufacture of arti- ficial stone, said to be as durable as limestone or granite: Ten parts sillicic acid, powdered and freed from impurities; mix with 90 parts water and 100 parts of quicklime, all by weight; 100 parts of the product are mixed with 100 parts sand and 5 parts magnesia, powdered or flour-spar, and the mass molded as desired. To secure a high degree of hardness it should be dried under a powerful hydraulic or other pressure. The stones are then treated with a boiling saturated solution of chloride of lime from 6 10 12 hours. To imitate granite, marble, etc., a crushed gravel of granite or marble can be used in place of a part of the sand. Strati na. — This well known cement is said to be prepared as follows: 6 parts white glue are dissolved in 8 parts acetic acid. To this solution add another composed of 1 part fresh gelatine in 8 parts water. After mixing, add 1 part shellac varnish. Spalding's Liquid Glue. — Celebrated. One lb. isinglass, 1 part rainwater. Boil and prepare as ordinary glue; stir in slowly 2 oz. nitric acid; bottle. fNTEREST DEPARTMENT. VT ''5®'^^, BATKS.— Six per cent, is the legal rate in the States ot Maine, New Hampshire Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticnt, Delaware, Maryland! Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, P'lorlda, Mississippi, Tennewee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and New Jer- sey, except in Hudson and Essex Counties, and the City of Patterson, where seven per lent is allowed when either of the parties reside therein. Seven per cent is the legal rate in Michigan, New York, Minnesota. Wis- consin, South Carolina, and Georgia. Tew per cent, is the legal rate in California, tight per cent, in Alabama *nd Texas, and^ve per cent, in Louisana. Ten per cent, may be contracted for in Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, towa, and Arkansas. Twelve per cent, may be contracted for in Texas and Wisconsin, eight per cent, in Florida, and any amount agreed upon can be collected in Califor- tila and Minnesota. Only legal rates can be collected in Illinois, Texas, Maryland, Rhode island, Maine, Vermont, Connecticnt, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Illegal interest can be collected back in Iowa, Indiana, Maine, Vermont. %»d Connecticut. Usurious contracts are void in Arkansas, New York, and New Jersey. If illegal Interest is taken in New Hampshire and Wisconsin, three times 21 '( 2 2 2 3 3 4 35 3 6«' 22 (( 2 2 3 3 3 4 37 3 P' 23 t( 2 2 2 3 3 8 4 38 3 8.- 24 « 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 40 4 00 25 (i 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 43 4 1? 26 (( 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 43 4 3j» 27 « 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 45 4 50 28 (( 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 47 4 67 29 u 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 48 4 83 1 M'nth 1 3 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 50 5 00 2 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 1 00 10 00 3 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 1 50 15 00 4 2 4 6 8 10 12 U 16 18 20 2 00 20 00 5 3 5 8 10 13 16 18 20 23 25 2 50 25 00 6 3 6 9 12 15 18 31 24 27 30 3 00 30 00 7 4 7 11 14 18 31 25 28 32 35 3 50 35 00 8 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 33 36 40 4 00 40 00 9 5 9 14 18 23 27 32 36 41 45 4 50 45 00 10 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5 00 50 00 11 S 11 17 22 28 33 39 44 50 55 5 50 55 00 1 Tear. 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 64 60 6 00 60 00 interest l>eparifHehi. 603 INTEREST TABLE — S«Ten Per Cent. TIMK. $1 12 $3 $4 15 $6 $7 |8 $9 $10 $100 $1,000 1 Day. 2 19 2 •' 4 39 3 " 6 58 4 " 8 78 6 " 10 97 e " 12 1 17 7 " 1 14 1 36 8 " 1 2 16 1 56 9 " 2 2 18 1 75 10 " 2 2 2 19 1 94 11 ♦' 2 2 2 21 3 14 12 " 2 2 2 2 23 2 33 13 " 1 2 2 2 2 3 25 2 53 14 " 1 2 2 2 2 3 27 2 73 15 " 1 2 2 2 3 3 29 3 93 16 " 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 31 3 11 17 " 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 33 3 31 18 " 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 35 3 50 19 • 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 37 3 69 20 " 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 ' 39 3 89 21 " 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 41 4 08 «2 " 1 r 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 43 4 28 23 " 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 45! 4 47 24 " 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 47 4 67 25 " 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 49 4 86 26 «' 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 51 5 06 27 " 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 53 5 25 28 " 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 54 5 44 29 " 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 6 5 6 56 5 64 1 Month 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 58 5 83 2 ■ " 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 1 17 n 67 3 " 2 4 5 7 9 11 12 14 16 18 1 75 17 50 4 " 2 5 7 9 12 14 16 19 21 23 3 33 28 :i:i 5 " 8 6 9 12 15 18 20 23 26 29 3 92 20 17 6 " 4 7 11 14 18 21 25 28 32 35 3 50 35 00 7 " 4 8 12 16 20 25 29 83 37 41 4 081 40 8:! 8 " 5 9 14 17 23 28 33 37 42 47 4 67 46 67 9 " 5 11 16 21 26 32 87 42 47 53 5 2.1 1 52 50 10 " 6 12 18 23 29 35 41 47 53 58 5 83 58 33 11 " 6 13 19 26 32 39 45 51 58 64 6 4-> 64 17 1 Tear. 7 14 21 26 35 i2 49 56 63 70 7 001 70 00 40 6«4 Dr» Chase's Recipes. EJTEREST TABLE.— Eight Per Cent* TIMS. $1 $2 13 $4 $5 |6 $7 $8 $9 $10 $100 $1,000 1 Day.' 2 22 2 " 4 44 3 " 1 7 67 4 " 1 9 89 6 " 1 11 1 11 6 " 1 13 1 3;^ 7 " 2 16 1 5e 8 *' 1 2 2 18 1 7iJ 9 " 2 2 2 20 2 00 10 " 2 2 2 2 22 2 23 11 " 2 2 2 2 24 2 44 12 " 1 2 2 2 2 3^ 27 2 67 13 " 1 2 2 2 3 3 29 2 89 14 " 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 31 3 11 15 " 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 33 3 33 16 " 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 36 3 56 17 " 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 38 3 78 18 " 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 40 4 00 19 " 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 42 4 22 20 " 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 44 4 44 21 " 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 47 4 67 22 " 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 49 4 89 23 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 51 5 11 24 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 53 5 33 25 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 56 5 56 26 " 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 58 5 78 27 " 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 60 6 00 28 " 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 '6 62 6 22 29 " 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 64 6 44 1 M'nth 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 67 6 67 a " 4 5 7 8 9 11 12 13 1 33 13 33 3 " 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 00 20 00 4 " 3 5 8 11 13 16 39 21 24 27 2 67 26 67 6 " 3 7 10 13 17 20 23 27 30 33 3 33 33 33 6 " 4 8 12 1(J 20 24 28 32 36 40 4 00 40 00 7 " 5 9 14 19 23 28 33 37 42 47 4 67 46 67 8 " 5 11 16 21 27 32 37 43 48 53 5 33 53 33 9 " G 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 6 00 60 00 10 " 7 13 20 27 33 40 47 53 60 67 6 67 66 67 11 " 7 16 22 29 37 44 51 59 66 73 7 33 73 33 1 Year. S 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 8 00 80 00 Interest Department. 605 INTEEEST TABLE,— Nine Per Cent. TIME. $1 12 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $10 $100 $1,000 1 Day. 3 2"» 2 " 1 5 '0 3 " 1 1 8 7'> 4 " 1 1 10 1 0) 6 '• 1 1 13 1 or, « " 1 2 15 1 50 7 " 2 2 18 1 75 8 " 2 2 20 2 00 9 " 2 2 2 3 23 2 25 10 " 2 2 2 2 3 25 2 50 11 " 2 2 2 2 3 28 3 75 12 " 2 2 2 2 3 3 30 3 ) 13 " 2 2 2 3 3 3 33 3 25 14 " 2 2 2 3 3 4 35 3 50 16 " 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 38 3 75 16 " 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 40 4 00 17 " 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 43 4 25 18 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 45 4 50 19 '• 2 a- 3 3 4 4 5 48 4 75 20 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 50 5 00 21 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 53 5 25 22 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 55 5 50 23 •' 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 58 5 75 24 " 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 60 6 00 25 " 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 63 6 25 26 " I 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 65 6 50 27 " 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 68 6 75 28 " 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 70 7 00 29 " 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 73 7 25 1 M'nth 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 75 7 50 2 " 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 1 50 15 00 3 " 2 5 V 9 11 14 16 18 20 23 2 35 32 50 4 " :? 91 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 3 00 30 00 6 " 4s 8 11 15 19 23 26 30 34 3S 3 75 37 50 6 " 5 9 14 18 23 27 32 36 41 45 4 50 45 00 7 '♦ 5 11 16 21 26 32 37 42 47 53 5 25 52 50 8 " 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 6 00 60 00 9 " 7 14 20 27 34 41 47 54 61 68 6 75 67 50 10 " 8 15 23 30 38 45 53 60 68 75 7 50 75 00 11 " 8 17 25 33 41 50 58 66 74 83 8 25 82 50 ITear. 9 18 27 86 45 54 63 72 81 90 9 00 90 00 6o6 Dr. Chase* s Recipes. INTEREST TABLE.— Ten Per Cent. TIHB. $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 1 Day. 2 " 3 " 1 4 " 1 5 " 1 6 " 1 7 " 2 8 " 2 2 9 " 2 2 2 10 " 2 2 3 11 " 2 2 2 2 12 " 2 2 2 3 13 " 2 2 3 3 14 " 2 2 2 3 3 15 " 2 2 3 3 3 16 " 2 2 3 3 4 17 " 2 2 3 8 4 18 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 19 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 20 " 2 2 8 3 4 4 21 " 2 2 3 4 4 5 22 " 2 2 3 4 4 5 23 " 2 3 3 4 4 5 24 " 2 3 3 4 5 5 25 " 2 3 3 4 5 6 26 " 2 3 4 4 5 6 27 " 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 28 " 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 29 " 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 IM'nth 2 8 3 4 6 6 7 2 " 2 3 5 7 8 10 12 13 8 " 3 5 8 10 15 15 18 20 4 " 3 7 10 13 17 20 23 27 6 " 4 8 14 17 21 25 29 33 6 " 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 7 " 6 12 18 23 29 35 41 47 8 " 7 13 20 27 33 40 47 53 9 " 8 15 23 30 38 45 53 60 10 " 8 17 2r. 33 42 50 58 67 11 " 9 18 2» 37 46 55 64 73 1 Year. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 110 $1 00 11,000 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 ? 7 7 8 8 8 8 17 25 33 42 50 58 67 75 83 92 1 00 3 6 8 n 14 17 19 22 25 28 31 33 36 39 42 44 47 50 53 56 58 61 64 67 69 72 75 78 81 83 67 50 3 33 4 17 5 00 5 83 6 67 7 50 8 33 9 17 28 56 83 1 11 1 39 1 6V 1 94 2 2Sr 2 5(> 2 7b 3 06 3 33 3 81 3 89 4 17 4 44 4 72 5 00 5 28 5 56 5 83 6 11 6 39 6 67 6 94 7 22 7 50 7 78 8 06 8 33 16 67 25 00 33 33 41 67 50 00 58 33 6(5 07 75 00 83 33 91 67 10 00 10( 00 EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS FOUND IN MEDICAL WORKS. Abdomen— The lower front part of the body. Aromatic— Spicy and fragrant drugs ; used to prevent griping of dnuitic purc*tive>. Aperient — A gentle laxative or purjj ative. Acidity — Sourness. Acids neutralize alkalies. Alkaline — Having the properties of alkali. Alkalies neutralize acids. /intacid -Medicines which neutralize acids. A.nti — Bein^ prefixed to any word signifies against. A.ntiscorbutic — Alteratives for Scrofula ; blood purifiers. A.ntisyphilitic — Remedy for Venereal Diseases. A.lbus — White, hence whites; fluor albus. iintisialagogue— Remedy for Salivation, ^.ntiseptic— That which will prevent putrefaction. v\ntiphlogistic — Remedy for fever and inflammation. Antispasmodic — Remedy for spasms, cramps or convulsions. )l:iiodyne — A medicine which will allay pain and produce sleepiness. Alterative — Medicines which will gradually restore healthy action . \stringent — Medicines which constringe, draw up surfaces with which they come iH contact; used in Flooding, Diarrhea, Whites, etc. Abscess — A cavity containing pus. Anemia — Without blood, more properly blood without its proportion of iron, which gives it the bright red. ■ Alvine — Relating to the intestines. Aliment — Any kind of food. Alimentary Canal —The entire passage through the whole intestines from mouth to anus ; the passage for the aliment. Albumen — An element found in both animal and vegetable substances ; constituting the chief part of the white of eggs. Antimonial — Medicines containing antimony. Anus — The external opening of the rectum, lower intestine. Antiperiodic — That which cures periodic diseases, as Ague, Intermittent FeverSt Antidote — An opposing medicine, used chiefly against poison. Adult — Person of full growth. Aqua — Water. Aqua Ammonia— Water of Ammonia. Amenorrhea — ^Absence of the menses. Antiemetic — ^That which will stop vomiting; against emesis. Arsenic — A metal, the oxide of which is arsenious acid, commonly called ratsbane. Abortion — A premature birth, or miscarriage. Abortives — That which will cause abortion. Abrasion — Bruising the skin. Acetate— A salt prepared with acetic acid. Acrid — Irritating biting. Adhesive — Applied to sticking plasters, and to parts adhering from inflammation. Balm — Aromatic and fragrant medicine, usually an ointment. Balsam — Resinous substances, possessing healing properties. Basilicon — An ointment containing wax, resin, etc. Belladonna — Nightshade. Bergamot— Perfume made from the lemon peel. Bile — A secretion from the liver. Bilious — An undue amount of bile. Bi-Urtrate of Potash— Cream-of-Tartar. Blanch— To whiten. Bowels — Intestines. Bolus — A large pill. Bronchia — Branches of the windpipe. Bronchitis— Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which lead into the luafs. Bronchocele— Snlargemeat of the thjrroid gland, enlmrgedneck. 6o8 Dr. Chasers Recipes. Butyrir Acid — An acid obtained from butter. ■ Calcium — The metalic basis of lime, (see fluor spar.) Calamus— Sweet flag. Calcareous — A substance containing chalk or lime. Calcined — Burned so as to be easily reduced to powder. Calculus— Stone or gravel found in the bladder, gall ducts, kidneys, and » meters; duct; which lead from the kidneys to the bladder. Callous — A hard bony substance or growth. Capsicum — Cayenne pepper. Catarrh — Flow of mucus. Cathartic — An active purgative. Catheter — Tube for emptying the bladder. Carminative — An aromatic medicine. • Caustic— A corroding or destroying substance, as nitrate of silver, potmsh, sir. Citric Acid — Acid made from lemons. Chronic— Of long standing. Collapse — A recession of tne blood from the surface. Coma — Stupor. Constipation — Costiveness. Contagious — A disease which may be given to another by contact. Counter — ^To work against, as counter-irritant, Spanish-flies, draughts to the f-et, -tc Congestion — Accumulation of blood in a part, unduly. Convalescence — Im provemcnt in health. Cuticle — The outer or first portion of the skin, which consists of three coats. Datura Stramonium — Stink-weed, jimpson, etc. Diaphoretics — Medicines which aid or produce perspiration. Decoction — To prepare by boiling. Dentrifice — A preparation to cleanse the teeth. Defecation — To pass the feces, to go to stool. Dentition — Act or process of cutting teeth. Desiccation — To dry, act of drying. Demulcent — Mucilaginious, as flax-seed and gum arabic. Dermoid — Resembling or relating to the skin. Detergents — Cleansing medicines, as laxatives and purgatives Diagnosis — To discriminate disease. Diaphragm — Midriff'. Diarrhea —Looseness of the bowels. Digest — Assimilation or conversion of food into chyme — to prepare medicines wltK continued, gentle heat. Discutient —A medicine which vsrill scatter or drive away tumors. Diuretic — That which increases the amount of urine. Diluted — Reduced with water, as dilufc alcohol, half alcohol and half water Digitalis — Fox-glove, a narcotic. Dorsal— Having reference to the back. Douche — A dash or stream upon any part. Drachm — Sixty grains, a tea-spoonful, or a tea-spoon of. Dulcamara — The bitter-sweet or woody nightshade. Dyspepsia— Difficult Digestion. Dysphonia — Difficulty in speaking. Dysuria— Difficult or painful urination. Eau — Water. Eau de Cologne- Cologne Water. Ebulition — To boil. Eclectic — To choose. Eclectic Plvysician — One who professes to be liberal in views, independent of »*rtv ««id who favors progress and reform in medicine. Effervesce — To foam. EflSorescence— Redness of the general surface. Effete —Worn out, waste matter. Elaterium — Fruit of the wild cucumber, a hydragogue. Electuary — Medicine prepared at the consistence 61 honey. Elixir — A tincture prepared with more than one article. Emesis — The act of vomiting. Emetic — Medicines which produce emesis, vomiting. Emmenagogue — A medicine which will aid or bring on the menses. Emollients — Softening and screening medciines, slippery-elm bark, flax-seedl, ^utiiv, .« . Emulsion — Mucilage from the eraohents. Enema — An injection by the rectum. Ennai— Lassitude, dullness of spirit, disgust of condition, etc. Epi — Above or over. Epidt-rmis— Outer shin. Epigastrium — Region of the pit of the stomach. Epilepsy— Convulsions fits, with loss of sense for the time, foaming at the ^uutJ" ""^ Stupor. Gloisartul Department. 609 Epiglottis— Trapdoor cartilage at the root of tbe tongu«, praTeattne food or fluid from entering; the wind-pipe. Epistazis— Nose.bleed. Ergot— Spurred Rye. Eructation — Raising wind from the stomach, belching. Eruption— Pimples or blotches on the skin or pustules from cmail-pox. Eschar — A slough on the surface. Escharotic— That which. will destroy the flesh. Essential— Having reference to essences made from essential oils and alcohol. Ether — A volatile fluid. ' Etherial Oil— Volatile Oil. Eustachian Tube— A tube leading from the side of the throat to the internal ear. Eversion — Turning inside out. Evacuation— To discharge by stool, to haste away. [See the remarks in the body of tlie work, on " Costiveness."] Evaporation — To escap>e in vapor. Exacerbation — Violent increase in disease. Exanthemata— Eruptive disease, as small-pox, scarlet fever, measles, etc. Excrement — The feces, that which passes by stool. ExcretioQ — That which is thrown oft, become useless. Excoriation — Abrasion, to bruise the skin. Exhal.ents —Vessels which throw out fluid upon the external surface of the body. Expectorant— That which produces or aids a discharge of the mucus from the brot.chla. tubes or from the lungs. Excision— To cut off" an extremity. Extremity — Applied to the arms and legs, called the upper and lower extremities. Extirpation — To cut out or remove a part. Extract — To take out, as a tooth, to extract a ball or any foreign substance from a iround -an active principle obtained from vegetables. Express — To press out juices. Excresence — An unnatural growth. Extravasation— A collection of blood into a cavity, or under the skin. Facial — Belonging to or having reference to the face. Farina — Meal or flour from vegetables. Farcy— A disease of the lymphatic vessels in the skin of the flanks of a horse. Fauces — The pharynx and back of the mouth. Fasciculnr — A bundle, in bundles. Feces —That which passes by stools. Febrile— Having reference to fevers. Febrifuge— Medeicines to drive away fever, producing prespiration. Felon— A deep abscess of the finger, involving the bone, because under the periosteum, the membrane which covers the bone, ti'emur— The thigh bone, (•"emoral — Relating to the thigh. ""erment — To oxidize, to effervesce, to work, as emptyings, beer, wine, cider, etc. /""ermentation — To sour, to decompose, both heat and moisture becoming necessa:ry to keep it up. Ferri Limatura — Iron filings very valuable in female debility and for males of weak habit of body. Ferrum —Iron. Fjver— 1 hat which "Old School Physicians " call a disease, whilst another class (tlie Tomsonians,) say it is an effort of nature to throw off' disease ; but Eclectics take it as an indication that the circulatine medium is rot regular, and go to work a;t once to equalize the circulation, by the use of diaphoretics, combined with tonics and detergents, which soon sets all to rights : for fever and perspiration cannot long exist together. Filter — To strain through paper made for that purpose. Fibre— A very small thread-like substance of animal or vegetable matter. Fibula— The smallest bone of the leg below the knee, li'istula — An ulcer. Flaccid — Flabby, soft, relaxed. Flabby — Loose and soft to the touch. Flatus— To inflate the stomach or bowels with gas. Fluoric Acid— A fluid obtained from the fluor spar cnt with salphwic acid. Flatulence— Gas in the stomach. Flooding — Uterine hemorrhage. Fluor — An increased discharge, to flow. Fluor spar — Fluoride of calcium. Fluor Albus— White flow, leuchorrea, whites, etc. Flux— To flow, diarrhea. Friction — Rubbing with the dry hand or dry coarse cloth. Fumigate —To smoke a room, or any article needing to be cleanecd. Fundament — The anus. Fofoiula — Medioal presoripUons. 6io Dr. Chase's Recipes. Pulminatiiig powder — An explosive preparation used in fire-works. Function— The particular action of an organ, as the function of the stomach, ivwmt, lungs, heart, etc. Fungus— Spongy flesh in wounds, proud flesh, a soft cancer, which bleeds upon touch ing its broken surface. Fusion— To fuse to melt. Furor -Very violent delirium, not accompanied by fever. Galbanum— A resinous gum, from a genus of plants. Genus — Family of Plants, a group, au of a class or nature. Gall— Bile. Gall Bladder— A bag which receives the gall, or bile, through ducts, from the liver, delivering it to the stomach, in health, through the duct called communis chole- dochus. Gall Stones— Hard biliary concretions found in the gall bladder, and sometimes causia|r death, from not being able to pass through the ductus communis. Galla — The gall-nut, an excresence found upon the oak. Gallic Acid — An acid from the nut-gall Galipot — A glazed jarj used for putting up gummy extracts. Galvanic — Having reference to galvanism. Gamboge— A drastic purgative, unless combined with aromatici. Gangrene— Partial death of a part, often ending in entire mortification of the part, anal sometimes of the whole body. Ganglion— A knot, or lump on tendons, ligaments, or nerves. Gaseous — Having the nature of gas. Gastric — Of or belonging to the stomach. Gastric Juice — Secretion of the stomach. Gastritis — Inflammation of the stomach. Grastrodynia — Pain in the stomach, sometimes with spasm of the stomach. Gelatine — Isinglass . Gelatinous— Like jelly. Genitals — Belonging to generation, the sexual organs. Gentian — An European root, possessing tonic properties.. Genu — The knee. Genuflexion — Bending the knee, kneeling. Germ — The vital principle, or life-spark. Gestation — To be pregnant. Gland— Secreting organs having ducts emptying into cavities which often become wl'. strucled, causing them to enlarge ; hence, the enlargement of the thyroid glarfd in the neck; causing bronchocele. Glans — A gland. Gleet- Chronic gonorrhea. Globules — Small round particles, having special reference to particles of the red part •( the blood. Glossa — The tongue ; a smooth tongue. Gloss — To give a lustre ; to comment ; to write or make explanations. Glossarist— A writer of glosses or comments. Glossary — An explanation of words. Glossarial — Containing explanations. Glossitis — Inflammation of the tongue. Glottis — The opening of the wind-pipe, at the root of the tongue, larynx, covered by thr epiglottis. Gluten Coagulable lymph, w^hite of an egg, a principle in w^heat and other vegetable^ Glutton — One who eats excessively. Gonorrhea — An infectious discharge from the genital organs. Gout— Painful inflammation of the joints of the toes, or of the fingers. Granule — A small particle of healthy matter, not pus. Granulation -Healing up ol an ulcer or wound with healthy matter. Gravel— Crystaline particles in the urine. Green-Sickness — Cholorosis, debility requiring iron. Griping — Grindin;^ pain in the stomach, or bowels. Gutta — One drop, drops. Gutta Percha Dried juice of a genus of trees Isonandra gutta. Guttural- Relating to the throat. Gymnasium— A pl.ice for sportive exercise, which is veiy valuable to those who cannof or will not take exercise for the sake of dollars and cents. Gjrpsum — Sulphate of lime, more commonly called plaster of Paris, becau-te first in- troduced from that place. Habit —Ciood or bad habit, constitutionally, or prejudicially pre-disposcd to do som« particular thiiijr; medically, as consumptive habit rheumatic habit, etc, Heina Ulood, jiretixed to other words, lleniatemesis — Hemorrhage from the stomach. Hc.ii.ituria — H-jni rrriiage from the bladder. I lera"ptv>;i<: — H-.in irrhage from tho lungs, {^eiaorrnoids — Piles, bleeding piles- Glossarial Department. 61 1 Henbane — HToscyamus. Hereditary— Disease from parents. Hernia — Rupture, which permits a part of the bowel to protrude. Herpes — Disease of the skin. Hiera Picra — A medicine containing aloes. Humerus — The single bone of the upper arm. Humeral — Pertaining to the arm. Humors — The fluids of the body, excluding the blood. Hydra^ogues — Medicines which produce watery discharges used in dropsy, m elate- num. Hydrargyrum — Metialic mercury, quicksilver. Doctors' name for calomel. ' Hydrocyanic Acid — Prussic acid, nothing more poisonous. Hydrofluoric Acid — Same as fluoric acid. Hygea— Health. Hygiene— Preserving health by diet and other precautions. Hypo — Signifies low, a low state of health, more annoying to the sufferers than to their friends, who are constantly boring them about it; called hysterics in women, (from kysteria, the womb or uterus,) but blues only, when it gets hold of men ; they come from the same cause, general debility, takes a strong remedy, iron, as medicine. Hypoglottis — Under the tongiie. Hysteria — The uterus, (womb,) also disease, depending upon, or caused by utenne irregularities. rfysteritis — Inflammation of the uterus. Ichor — An acrid, biting, watery discharge from ulcers, often corroding, eating the surface. ..jiterus— Jaundice, a bilious disease, which shows itself by yellowness of the eyes and skin. »vterus Albus — Chlorosis, whites, etc. U^nitlon — To catch on fire, from Ignis, fire. llieus — Cholic in the small iutestines. Iliac — Situated near the flank. Iliac Region — Sides of the abdomen between the ribs and the thighs. Imbecile— One weak of mind, imbecility. Imbibe — To absorb, to drink. Imbricate — To over-lap, as tiles on a hou.<»e. Immerse — To plunge under water. Immobile — Immovable, as stiflf joints. Imperforate— Without a natural opening. Impervious — Closed against water. Impetigo -Tetter. Imponderable— Not having weight, as light or electricity. Impoverished — ExhauEteJ vitality. Impotence— Sterility, net being able to produce. Impregnation — The aci of producing. Incision— To cut. Incombustible— Inc'ips^ility of being burned. Incompatables — Medicines which ought not to be mixed or given together. Incontmence — Not being able to hold the natural excretions. Incorporate — To mix medicines together. Incubation — To hatch eggs, slow development of disease. Indication — That which shows what ought to be done. Indigenous- -Peculiarity of a country, or of a smll section of country applied to a dis- ease, plants, etc. Indigestion — Dyspepsia. Idolent — Slow in progress applied to ulcers and tumors, which are slow with but little or no pain. Induration — Hardening of any pait of the system by disease. Infectious — Communicable disease from one to another. Infirmary — Where medicines are distributed gratuitously to the poor; but more recently some physicians have got to calling their offices infirmaries. Inflammation — Attended wiSi heat, redness, swelling, tenderness, and often with throb- bing. Inflatus— -To distend, to blow up with wind or to fill up with gas, as the stomach, bow- els, etc. Influenza— A disease affe<:ting the nostrils, throat, etc. of a catarrhal natMce. Infusion — Medicines prepareclby steeping in water, not to boil. Inguinal — In the groin. Ingredient- -One article of a compound mixture. Inhalation -To draw m the bre?th. Injection Any prepara< ion introduced into the recttun. Inorganic —Matter not having organs, all alike, as metaU. Insanity —Derangement of the mind. 6i2 Dr. Chase's Recipes. Insertion — The attachment of muscles and tendons to the bones, which they mov« by contraction. Inspiration — The act of drawing in the breath. Inspissation — To thicken by boiling, to make what is called the concentrated extraetai, desiccation. Instinct— An involuntary action, as closing the eyelids, breathing etc., natural percep- tion of animals. Integument — A covering, the skin. Inter — A prefix denoting between. Intercostal— Between the ribs. Intermission — Time between paroxysms of fever or other disease. Intermittent Fever -Fever which comes on at regular periods, between which there is little and sometimes no fever, an interval. Internal — Upon the inside. Interosseous — Between the bones. Interval — The time between paroxysms of periodical diseases, as ague, etc. Intestines — Contents of tlie aodomen. IntestinalCanal — Embracing the duodenum (the first division below the stomach,) the jejunum, (the second division of the small intestines,) the ilium, (the third and longest portion of the small intestines,) the secum, (the first portion of the large intestine,) the CO. on, ^the large intestin*) and the rectum, (the lower trap-door. Intolerance— In medicine, applied to the eye, a? iatolerance of light; to the stomach as in tolerance of food. Inversio Uteri — Inversion of the uterus. Inversion — To turn inside out. Irreducible — Applied to hernia, and to joints whicb b«v'« been put out and cannot be pu* back to their place. Ischuria— Not being able to pass the urine. Issue — Sore made as a counter-irritant, to draw irritation from a diseased part. Itch — Psora, _ scabies, a catching eruption of the skin. Itis -An addition to a word denoting inflammation, pleur-tis, pleurisy, etc Ivory black— Animal charcoal. Jaundice— A diesase caused by the inactivity of the liver or ducts leading from it. Jelly— Gelatine in a fluid state, as applied to medicine. Jesuits bark — First name of peruvian bark, Crom its having be^n -li>«covered by thw Jesuit missionaries. Jugular— Applied to the veins of the throat. Jujube — An East India fruit something like a plumb, used in coughs, bul of a dovbtfui reputation. Kali— Potash. Kelp — Ashes of sea-weed. Knot— Surgeons tie their knot by passing the thread twice through the loop v)r«c» p'» vents slipping, liabia — Lips. Labia Pedundi — Lips Or sides of the vulva. Labial — Of, or belonging to the lips. Labor— Child-birth, parturition. Laboratory — A place of chemical experiments or operations. Lancinating— Sharp, piercing, as lancinating pains. Laryngeal— Of the larynx. Larynx — The upper part of the throat. Laryngitis — Inflammation of the throat. Latent -Hidden, as Latent heat, see the remarks connected with steam boiler explosion Lassitude— Weakness, a feeling of stupor. Laxative — A very gentle caiharlic. Leptandrin — Powder made from the leptandria virginica, blackroot. Culver's physic. Leucorrhea— Fluor albus, whites, chlorosis, etc. Levigate — To redue to very fine powder. Ligature— A thread, to ligate, to tie with a ligature. Located — Fixed, seated upon some organ. Lingua— The tongue. Linguist — A speaker, fluency, one who understands different languages. Liniment — A fluid preparation to be applied by friction. Lithontriptic— A medecine reported to dissolve gravel or stone in the bladder. Lithotomy — The opt-ration ol cutting, to take outstone.of the bladder. Liver^Tne largest gland, and largest organ of the body. Livid — A dark colored spot on the surface. Loins — Lower part of the back. Lotion — A preparation to wash a sore. Lubricate — To soften with oil, or to moisten with fluid. The internal organs are cov cred with a membrane which throws out a lubricating fluid, enabling them to movt easily upom each other. Lute — A paste with which to close chemical retorts, the casein, curd of milk is used for that Durpese. Glossarial Department. 613 £yi«ph- A thin colorless fluid carried in small vein-like ressels called lymphatics. Iftacci^tu — To steep, to soften by soaking. Mai -Bad, mai practice, bad practice, not according to science. Malformation— irregular, unnatural formation. Malaria — Bad gases, causing disease, supposed to arise from decaying vegetable matter. Mamma — the female breast, which is composed of glands that secrete wt milk, upon the principle that the liver secretes bile ; each organ for its specific purpose; but secreting organs, or glands are the more liable to get obstructed, thus producing disease. Mastication —The act of chewing. Masturbation— Excitement, by uie hand, of the genital organs. The most injurious health-destroying, ooul-debasing, of all evils introduced into the world; because its frequent repetition draws very heavily on the nervous s\ stem, prostrating the energies, destroying the memory, together with the life-principle, as well as the priniciples of morality w^hich ought to govern every human being, between him- sell and his Creator. ' Maturity — To become ripe, to arrive at adult age, beyond further growth. Materia -Matter, healthy substance. Materia Medica — The science of medicine, and the medical combinations. Maturation— Formation of pus, healthy matter. Matrix— The womb. Meconium —The first passage after birth. Medical — Relating to medicine. Medicated — Having medicine in its preparation. Membrane — A thin lining or covering, skin-like, as the peritoneum, which lines the cavity of the bowels and covers the intestines; and the periosteum, mambrane. which covers the bones, etc. Medicament— A remedy; hence, medicamentum, the Welch remedy for every disease. Medicinal — Having medical properties. Medullary — Like marrow, brain-like. Mel— Honey. Menstruation — Monthly flow, Mentha Piperita — Peppermint. Median — The middle. Mellifluous— Flowing with honey, sweetness, delicious; akin to luscious, juicy mellow- ness. Menorrhagia— Excessive flooding. Micturition — To urinate, to pass the urine. Midwifery — Art of assisting at child-birth. ' Minim About one drop, one-sixtieth of a fluid drachm. Minimum — The smallest, the smallest dose, the opposite of maximum. Modus Operandi— The way in which medicines act, applicable to any action, the way of doing it. Morbid — Unhealthy. Morbus— A disease; hence cholera morbus, a disease of the bowels. Mordant — That which fastens the colors in dyeing, as alum, cream-of-tartar, argal, vitriols, tin, liquor, etc. Mucus— Animal mucilage. Mucus Membrane— See remarks under the head of " Inflammation," in the body of the work. Mucilage — A watery solution oi gum, or elm bark, etc. Muriatic — Having reference to sea salt. Muriatic Acid — Marine acid, often called hydrochloric acid. Muscle — A bundle of fibres. Muscular — Having reference to the muscles, strong built. Myrrh — A resinous gum. Narcotic — Stupefying medicines, producing sleep. Nares — The nostrils. Nasal— Of the nose. Nausea— Sickness of the stomach, may increase until vomiting takM pwee, or it may not. Nauseant — That which produces nausea. Navel — Centre of the abdomen. Necros — Death. Necrosis — Death of a bone. Nephros — The kidney. Nephritis— Inflammation of the kidneys. Nervous— Easily excited. Nervine— That which will allay, or soothe ocrrous occitemcnt. Neuralgia— Pain in nerves. Nitre— Saltpeter. Nocturnal — Occurring in the night. Nitrate— Nitric acid combined with alkalies or i«lk«line anlta. Normal— In a natural and healthy condition Nostrum— A medical preparation. 6 14 Dr. Chase's Recipes. Noth«s— Spurious, Illegitimate, a bastard. Nudus — Nude, without clothing-. Nutrition — Nourishment. Nutritious — Nourishing. Obesity — Corpulence, excess of fat, or flesh. Obstetrics — The science of midwifery. Ochre — An ore of iron. Oculus — The eye. Oculist — An eye doctor. Oleaginous— An oily substance. Omentum— The caul, oeritoneal covering of the intestiaes. Opacity — To obstruct light. Opaque — Not transparent, inability to see through it. Opthalmos — The eye. Opthalmia — Disease of the eye, inflammation of the ey«. Opiate — An anodyne. Organ— A part of the body, which has a certain work to perfor'a, ;aI1ed the fbnctioa At organs, as the stomach, lungs, womb, etc. Organic — Bodies made up of organs. Organism — Vital organization. Organized — Furnished with life. Orgasm — ^The closing excitement of sexual connection. Origin — The point of commencement. Orifice — An opening Os Tince -Mouth of the womb, or uterus. Osseous —A bony substance. Ossification —To become bone; from ost, or osteo, a bono tr like a bone. Ostalgia — Pain in a bone. Osteoma— Tumor, like bone. Ostitis— Inflammation of a bone or bones. Otic -Having reference to the ear. Otitis — Inflammation of the ear. Ottorrhea— Discharge from the ear, Ova^An egg, made up of little eggs. Ovaria— Testes ; most generally applied to the female; female testes, two egg-shaped bodies, (made up of little particles, or eggs,) having an attachment to the uterus in the broad ligaments, which support that organ, having tubes, or ducts, opening from them into the uterus, called Fallopian tubes, from the man's name who first gave a description of them. One of these particles is thrown off at each men- strual flow. Oviparous — Birds, or any animals that produce their young from eggs, or by eggs. Ovum — An egg. Oxalic Acid— An acid found in sorrel, very poisonous. Oxide — A combination of oxygen with a metal or fluid, as oxygen combining with vin egar-fluid forms vinegar, oxygen combining with iron, forms oxide of iron, rus» o? iron, etc. Oxygen — One of the elements of the air, an acidifying (souring) principle, aiw* an ele ment (a particle or part) of water. Ozymel — A preparation of vinegar and honey, from mel, honey. Ozena Fetid ulcer at the nose, or fetid discharge from the nose. Pabulum —Food; aliment. Pad- A cushion. Palliative— To afford relief, only. Palpitation — Unhealthy, or unnatural beating of the heart. Pan — As a prefix, means all. Panacea— Remedy for all diseases, consequently (speaking ironic»Uy) «ny poMa -M^di cine. Paralysis — Loss of motion ; numb palsy. Partus— Labor ; the young when brought forth. Parturition —Childbirth. Paroxysm— A fit of disease occurring at certain periods. Periodical — Occurring at a certain time. Petal -A flower leaf, as rose leaves, etc. Phthisis — A wasting; consumption. Pathos — A disease. Pathology— The doctrine of disease. Pectoral — Pertaining to the breast. Pediluvium— A foot-bath. Pendulous — To hang down. Penis— The male organ of generation. Pepsine— A peculiar substance in the stomach, which aids digfcstien. Peptic — Digestive ; hence, dyspeptic, not digesting. Percolation— fo ri^n, or draw Uarough some substance, strainiai^. Crlossarial Department. 615 ^«ikenitory— To g^ve a previous notice, as premonitory symptoms. Peri -Around; a covering. Pericardium —Around the heart : sac containing the heart. Pericarditis — Inflammation of the pericardium. Perin — A testicle; male organs; corresponding with testes in females, with this differ- ence, however, that with males they are upon the outside, whilst with females they are upon the inside oi the body. Perineum — That part between the anus and organs of generation or genitals. Perineal — Relating to the region of the perineum. Period — A certain time. Periodicity — Returning at a certain time. Periosteum — The membrane which covers all bones. P«;rspective View — As it appears to the eye at a certain distance. Perturbation — To disturb. Perversion — An unhealthy change ; to change from its proper or natural course. Pensary— That which will support or hold up the womb in prolapsus; see our remarks on "Female Debility." Phagedenic — An eating and fast-spreading ulcer. Phannacy— The art of combining and preparing medicines. Phlegm— Mucus from the bronchial tubes, and throat. Phlogistic — Tendency to inflammation. phosphorus — An inflammable and luminous substance, prepared from urine and bones. ?hosphate— Phosphoric acid in combination of metals, as phosphate of iron, phosphate of lime, etc. ♦Ues — Tumors at or in the anus ; sometimes protruding; oftem attended with hemor- rhage, then called hemorrhoids, perine — A preparation from black pepper, considered valuable in ague. Placenta— Auer-birth, which has a connection to the womb and to the ohild during pregnancy; but it is naturally thrown off by the violent contractions of the womb at this period, there being no further use for it. Oh, the wisdom of our Creator 1 How glorious to contemplate ! Everything adapted to the necessities of the case. f»>ethora-Over fullness; if healthy, causmg obesity, corpulence. Pleuritis— Inflammation of the pleura; pleurisy. Pleura— The serous membrane covering the lungs, and folded upon the sides. Pneumon— The lungs. Pneumonia— Inflammation of the lungs. «*odophyllin— A powder made from the podophyllum peltatum, mandrake root. Pomum — The apple ; hence, pomace, mashed apple. Potassium —The oasis of potash. Potus — A drink; hence, potion, a medicated drink. Predisposition — A tendency to a certain disease. Pi'egnancy — Being with child. prognosis — The art of guessing how a disease will terminate. Prolapsus — A falling. Prolapsus Ani — Falling of the anus. Prolapsus Uteri— Falling of the uterus. Prostration — Without strength. Pmssiatc— A compound with prussic acid. Prussic Acid — Hydrocyanic acid; one of, or the most virulent poisons in existence. Psora— The itch. Pubes— The prominence at the lower front part of the body. Puberty— Full growth; an aduli ; perfection. Pubic — Having reference to the region of the pubes. Pudendum — Tne female organs of generation. Puer — A boy, or child. Puerpera—.\ woman who has just brought forth a child; hence, puerperal fever at or soon after childbirth. Pulmo — A lung. Pulmonitis-- Inflammation of the lung or lungs. Pulmonary— Relating to the lungs, as pulmonary balsam, pulmonic wafers, etc. Pulvis~A powder; hence, pulverize, to make fine. All these words show how heavily we have drawn upon other languages for our own, consequently the necessity of studying the Latin and Greek, to properly understand ours. Pupil — The dark circle in the eye. Purgative — A gentle cathartic. • Pus — Unhealthy matter. Pustule— A slight elevation, having pus. Putrefaction —To decompose by fermentation. Putrid— Rotten ; decomposed. . -c i-x^i r •* Pnoligneous Acid— An acid obUined from wood; the MSence of sm*ke; it a little ol it is put into a barrel with meat in the brine, it smoheB-k without trouble. I think a »ill to the barrel sufficient; perh.ips a little less will do. It is obUined by insert- Sif an old gun-bvTcl or other iron tube into a coal-pit, near the bottom, when it eoMtooMt ia tha t«t>c. ttaiA drops from the outer end into a dish, then 6i6 Dr. Chase's Recipes. auassia — A bitter tonic; the chips of the wood ar« used, achis— The spine. Rmchitis— Rickets, bending of the spine, and sometimes the long bonM of the linabaj may be also enlargement of the head, bowels, and the enda of th* iM^ bo««*- Radius — The bone of the upper arm. Radial — Having reference to the upper arm. Radiated — Diverging from a center. Radix — A root. Ramus — A branch. Ramification — To branch out. Rancidity —Rancid, stale ; applied to oil, fat, butter, etc Rash— A redness of the skin, in patches. Ratsbane — Arsenious acid; arsenic. Rattle — Noise of air passing through mucus, as in croup. Reaction — To return, after recession. Recession — Striking in the blood, or disease going to the internal orgaas. Recini Oleum — Castor oil. Rectum — The lower portion of the intestines. Reduction— To set a fracture, or to return a hernia. Refrigerant — A cooling medicine or drink, Regimen— Regulation of diet and habits, to preserve health or to cure disease. Relapse — Recurrence of disease after an improved appearance, which is geiv««<(\]rwa(''iv than the first attack. Relaxation— Losing the healthy tone of any part, or the whole sjrstem. Repletion — Fullness. Reproduction — Generation ; procreation. Respiration — To breathe, including both inspiration and expiration. Resolution — To return to health ; applied to inflammations. Retching — An effort to vomit. Retention — Delay of the natural passage of the urine or feces. Revulsion— To draw away disease, as draughts, or blisters, irritating plasters, etc. Rheumatism — Inflammation of the fibrous tissue, mostly confined fo the large joints. Rigor — Coldness, with shivering. Rochelle Salts — A mixture of tartarate of potash and soda. Rubefacients — Medicines which cause redness of the skin, as mustard, radish leaves, et«. Rupture — Hernia; by some called a breach. Saccharine — ^The properties of sugar. Saliva — The secretion of the mouth, spittle ; hence, salivation, an increased Ao«r m saliva. Salt — A compound of an acid with an alkali, or metal. Saltpetre —Nitrate of potash. Salubrious — Climate favorable to health. Sanative — A curative medicine. Sanguis — B lood. Sanguineous — Bloody; sanguineous discharge, as bloody-flnx. Santonin — A powder obtained from worm-seed. Sarcoma — A fleshy tumor, generally of a cancerous nature. Scabies— The itch. Scirrhus — A hard tumor, generally of a cancerous nature. Scrofula — A constitutional tendency to disease of the glands. Scrotum —The sac which encloses the testicles. Sedative— To depress, the opposite of stimulation. Seidlitz — A village in Bohemia ; hence, Seidlitz powders, which originated M that plae« Sinapis — Mustard : hence, sinapisms, mustard plasters. Slough— Death of a p.irt, allowing it to come out from the healthy part. Stimulant — A medicine calculated to excite an increased and healthy action. Styptic — To stop bleeding. Snake Root- Common or Virginia snake-root ; but black snake- root is the b!ack cohosh Spasm -Cramp, or convulsion. Specific — A remedy having a uniform action, producing health. Sperm — Seminal fluid, now more often called the semen, seed. Speimatic— Having reference to the testicles, or ovaries. Spina — Tho backbone ; hence, spine. Stitch — A spasmodic pain. Stoma — The mouth. Stomatitis — Inflammation of the mouth. Strangulation— To choke : also applied to hernia which caaaot be redr<»d. Sudor- Sweat; hence, sudorific, to sweat. Sulphate — A combination with sulphuric acid. Sulphuric Acid — Oil of vitriol. Suppression — An arrest of natural discharge. Suppuration — To produce pus. ____ Sympathy— To be aflfected by the disease of another organ, as siclb-hekJache fro» •«•» loaotag Uie stomtMb. Glossarial Department. 617 ^jrntptoM -A aigo of disease. Syncnpo > T» jwooa ; faintin?, SyphJia^ Disease from sexual connection with those who have venereal disease. Tannic Acid — An acid from oak bark; an astringent. Tartaric Acid— An acid from cream-of-tartar, found in grapes. Tenesmus — Difficulty and pain at stool, with a desire to go to stool often. Tent — A roll of lint or cloth t« keep wounds open until they heal from the bottom. Testes— Testicles. Therapeutics — Relating to a knowledge of treating disease : the curative action of medicine. Thorax— The chest. Tibia — The large bone of tiie lower leg. Tonsils —Glands on each side of the tluM>at. Trachea — The windpipe. Translation— Disease going to some other urgan. Triturate — To rub into a powder. Tumor— An enlargement of a portion, usually of the external partSi Ulna — Small, or under bone of the arm. ' Umbilicas — The navel. Ureter— Duct leading from the kidney to the bladder. Urethra— Duct leading out from the bladder. Uterus — The womb. Vagina — The passage from the womb to the vulva. V'enery — Sexual indulgence. V^ermifuge— Having the property to destroy worms. Virus — Contagious poison. V'^ulva— External opening of the female genitals. Whites — Fluor albus. iTeaat— The principle of fermentation. Cind Sulpkac— Sulphate of ainc; white vitriol. HINTS ON mU£TT£ ANb f>Eff30NAL MANNEfiS BY THE PUBLISHER. Introdaction to Society, — Avoid all extravagance and manneriwn and be not over timid at tne outset. Be discreet and sparing of youi words. Awkwardness is a great misfortune, but it is not an unpardon- able fault. To deserve the reputation of moving in good society, something more is requisite than the avoidance of blunt rudeness. Strictly keep to youi' engagements. Punctuality is the essence ol politeness. The Toilet. — Too much attention cannot be paid to the arrang«i- ment of the toilet. A man is often judged by his appearance, and sel- dom incorrectly. A neat exterior, equally free from extravagarice anc poverty, almost always proclaims a right-minded man. To dress aj> propriately, and with good taste, is to respect yourself and others. A gentleman walking, should always wear gloves, this being one of the characteristics of good breeding. Fine linen, and a good hat, gloves, and boots, are evidences of the highest taste in dress. ^ Tisiting' Dress. — A black coat and pants are indispensable for a visit of ceremony, an entertainment, or a ball. The white or black waistcoat is equally proper in these cases. Ofttcers' Dress. — Upon public and state occasions officers should appear in uniform. Ladies' Dress. — Ladies' dresses should be chosen so as to produce an agreeable harmony. Never put on a dark-colored bonnet with a light spring costume. Avoid uniting colors which will suggest an epi- gram; such as a straw-colored dress with a green bonnet Arrangement of tlie Hair. — The arrangement of the hair is most important. Bands are becoming to faces of a Grecian caste. Ringlets better suit lively and expressive heads. Excess Of Lace and Floners. — Whatever be your style of face, avoid an excess of lace, and let flowers be few and choice. Appropriateness of Ornaments. — In a married woman a richer style of ornament is admissible. Costly elegance for her — for the young girl, a style of modest simplicity. Simplicity and Grace. — The most elegant dress loses its character if it is not worn with grace. Young girls have often an air of con- straint, and their dress seems to partake of their want of ease. In speaking of her toilet, a woman should not convey the idea that her whole skill consists in adjusting tastefully some trifling ornaments. A simple style of dress is an indication of modesty. Cleanliness. — The hands should receive especial attention. They are the outward signs of general cleanliness. The same may b> said of the face, the neck, the ears, and the teeth. The cleanHuet^ «f the system generally, and of bodily apparel, pertains to ^erU. axd is treated of under this head. Etiquette and Personal Manners. 619 The Handkerchief.— There is considerable art in using this ac- cessory of dress and comfort. Avoid extreme patterns, styles, and colors. Never b« without a handkerchief. Hold it freely in the hand, and do not roll it into a ball. Hold it by the center, and let the corners form a fan-like expansion. Avoid using it too much. With some persons the habit becomes troublesome and unpleasant. Visits and Presentations. — Friendly calls should be made in the forenoon, and require neatness, witliout costliness of dress. Calls to give invitations to dinner-pax'ties, or balls, should be very short, and should be paid in the afternoon. Visits of condolence require a grave style of dress. A formal visit should never be made before noon. If a second visitor is announced, it will be proper for you to retire, unless you are very intimate both with the host and the visitor announced ; unless, indeed, the host express a wish for you to remain. Visits after balls or parties should be made within a month. In the latter it is customary to enclose your card in an envelop, :>earing the address outaide. This may be sent by post, if you reside \t a distance. But, if living in the neighborhood, it is polite to send your servant, t to call. In the latter case a corner should be turned down. Scrape your shoes and use the mat. Never appear in a drawing- •sjom with mud on your boots. When a new visitor enters a drawing-room, if it be a gentleman, uie ladies bow slightly; if a lady, the guests rise. Hold your hat in your hand, unless requested to place it down, rhen lay it beside you. The last arrival in a drawing-room takes a seat left vacant near me mi.stress of the house. A lady is not required to rise to receive a gentleman, nor accom- (jany liim to the door. When your visitor retires, ring tke bell for the servant. You may then accompany your guest as far towards the door as the circum- atances of your friendship seem to demand. Request the servant, during the visit of guests, to be ready to at- cend to the door the moment the bell rings. When you introduce a person, pronounce the name distinctly, and ^9ay whatever you can to make the introduction agreeable. Such as "an old and valued friend," "a schoolfellow of mine," "an old ac- quaintance of our family." Never stare about you in a room as if you were taking stock. The gloves should not be removed during a call. Be hearty in your reception of guests; and where you see much diflSdence, assist the stranger to throw it oflF. A lady does not put her address on her visiting card. Balls and Eyening Parties. — An invitation to a ball should be given at least a week beforehand. Upon entering, first address the lady of the house; and after her, the nearest acquaintances you may recognize in the house. If you introduce a friend, make him acquainted with the names ot the chief persons present. But first present him to the lady of the \iouse, and to the host. Appear in full dress. Always wear gloves. Do not wear nngs on the outside of your gloves. A.TOid an excess of jewelry. 41 620 Etiquette and Personal Manners. Do not select the same partner frequently. Distribute your attentions as much as possible. Pay respectful attention to elderly persons. Be cordial when seiTing refreshments, but not importunate. If there are more dancers than the room will accommodate, dp not join in every dance. In leaving a large party it is unnecessary to bid farewell, and im- proper to do so before the guests. A Paris card of invitation to an evening party usually implies that you are Invited for the season. Chess and all unsociable games should be avoided. The host and hostess should look after their guests, and not con- fine their attentions. They should, in fact, assist those chiefly who are least know in the roomn. Avoid political and religious discussions. If you- have a " hobby," keep it to yourself. After dancing, conduct your partner to a seat. Kesign her as soon as her next partner advances. Wedding Dress. — It is impossible to lay down specific rules fot dress, as fashions change, and tastes differ. The great art consists ii' selecting the style of dress most becoming to the person. A stout per son should adopt a different style from a thin person; a tall one from a short one. Peculiarities of complexion, and form of face and figuro, should be duly regarded; and in these matters there is no better courpt than to call in the aid of any respectable milliner and dressmaker, w^h< will be found ready to give the best advice. The bridegroom shoulo simply appear in full dress, and should avoid everything eccentric antf broad in style. The bridesmaids should always be made aware of tht bride's dress before they choose their own, which should be determine^ by a proper harmony with the former. Hints upon Personal Manners.— It is sometimes objected to booK on etiquette that they cause those who consult them to act withmechav ical restraint, and lo show in society that they are governed by art' trary rules, rather than by an intuitive perception of what is gracef»' and polite. This objection is unsound, because it supposes that people wb study the theory of etiquette do not also exercise their powers of ol servation in society, and obtain, by their intercourse with others, tha> freedom and ease of deportment which society alone can impart. Books upon etiquette are useful, inasmuch as they expounrl the law* of polite society. Experience alone, however, can give effect to the precise manntr in which tliose laws are required to be observed. Whatever objections majj^ be raised to the teacliings of works on etiquette, there can be no sound argument against a series of simple and brief hints, which shall operate as precautions against mistakes in personal conduct. Avoid intermeddling with the affairs of others. This is a most common fault. A number of persons seldom meet but they begin discussing the affairs of some one who is absent. This is not only un- charitable, but positively unjust. It is equivalent to trying a cause in the absence of tlie person implicated. Even in the criminal code the prisoner is presumed to be innocent until he is found guiltj'. Society, however, is less just, and passes judgment without hearing tlie defense. Depend upon it, as a certain rule, that the people who unite with you in discussing the affairs of others will proceed to scandalize you in your absenet>. Be consistent in the avowal of principles. Do not den/ to-tiay Etiquette and Personal Manners. 621 chat wLich you asserted yesterday. If you do, you will stultify your- selfi and your opinions will soon be found to have no wei|fht. You may fancy that you gain favor by subserviency; but so far from gain- ing favor, you lose respect. Avoid falsehood. There can be found no higher virtue than the love of truth. The man who deceives others must himself become the victim of morbid distrust. Knowing the deceit of his own heart, iind the falsehood of his own tongue, his eyes must always be tilled withi suspicion, and he must lose tlie greatest of all happiness — conHdence in those who surround him. The following elements of mainly character are worthyof frequent weditation: To be wise in his disputes. To be a lamb in his home. To be brave in battle and great in moi'al courage. To be discreet in public. To be a teacher in his household. To be a council in his nation. To be an arbitrator in his vicinity. To be a legislator in his country. To be conscientious in his actions. To be happy in his life. To be diligent in his calling. To be just in his dealing. That whatever he doeth be to the will of God. Avoid manifestations of ill-temper. Reason is given for man's fuidance. Passion is the tempest by which reason is overthrown. TiHler the efiects of passion, man's mind becomes disordered, his face Jistigured, his body deformed. A moment's passion has frequently cut jfi' a life's friendship, destroyed a life's hope, embittered a life's peace, rtiid brought unending sorrow and disgrace. It is scarcely worth while 10 enter into a comparative analysis of ill-temper and passion; they are nlike discreditable and injurious, and should stand equally condemned. Avoid pride. If you are handsome, God made you so; if you »re learned, some one instructed you; if you are rich, God gave you ».iiat you own. It is for others to perceive your goodness; but you sliould be blind to your own merits. There can be no comfort in deeming yourself better than you really are; that is self-deception. The best men throughout all history have been the most humble. Affectation is a form of pride. It is, in fact, pride made ridiculous and contemptible. Some one writing upon affectation has remarked as follows: "If anything will sicken and disgust a man, it is the affiected, mincing way in which some people choose to talk. It is perfectly nauseous. If these young jackanapes, who screw their words into all manner of diabolical shapes, could only feel how perfectly disgusting they were, it might induce them to drop it. With many, it soon be- comes such a confirmed habit that they cannot again be taught to talk in a plain, straightforward, manly way. In the lower order of ladies' boarding schools, and, indeed, too much everywhere, the same sicken- ing, mincing tone is too often found. Do, pray, good people, do talk in yonr natural tone, if you don't wish to be utterly ridiculous and con- temptible." We have adopted the foregoing paragraph because we approve of some of its sentiments, but chiefly because it shows that persons who object to alT^ctatjon may go to the ot4i^r extreme — vulgarity. Ii is 622 Etiquette and J^ersofial Manners. vulgar, we think, to call even the most affected people " Ja-3kanapes, who screw their words into all manner of diabolical shapes,'' Avoid vulgarity in manner, in speech, and in correspondence. To conduct yourself vulgarly is to offer offense to those who are around you; to bring upon yourself the condemnation of persons of good taste ; and to incur the penalty of exclusion from good society. Thus, cast among the vulgar, you become the victim of your own error. Avoid swearing. An oath is but the wrath of a perturbed spirit. It is mean. A man of liigh moral standing would rather treat an of- fence with contempt than show his indignation by an oath. It is vul- gar ; altogether too low for a decent man. it is cowardly ; implying a fear either of not being believed or obeyed. It is ungentlemanly. A gentleman, according to Webster, is a genteel man — well-bred, refined. It is indecent ; offensive to delicacy, and extremelj"^ unfit for human ears. It ie, foolish. " Want of decency is want of sense." It i&abusim — to the mind which conceives the oath, to the tongue which utters it, and to the person at whom it is aimed. It is venomous ; showing a man's heart to be as a nest of vipers; and every time he swears, one of them starts out from his head. It is contemptible ; forfeiting the respect of all the wise and good. It is wicked ; violating the Divine law, ai) .1 provoking the displeasure of Him who will not hold him guiltless wli'» takes His name in vain. Be a gentleman. Moderation, decorum, and neatness distinguish the gentleman ; he is at all times affable, diffident, and studious tj please. Intelligent and polite, his behavior is pleasant and graceful. When he enters the dwelling of an inferior, he endeavors to hide, if possible, the difference between their ranks in life; ever willing to a* sist those around him, he is neitlier unkind, hauglity, nor overbearing Be honest. Not only because " honesty is tiie best policy," but be. cause it is a duty to God and to man. The heart tliat can be gratitiefl by dishonest gains; the ambition that can be satisfied by dishone>'t- means; the mind tliat can be devoted to dishonest purposes, must be o« the worst order. Having laid down these general principles for the government <»> personal conduct, we will epitomize what we would still enforce: Avoid idleness — it is tlie parent of many evils. Can you pray " Give us this day our daily bread," and not hear the reply, " Do tlio- this day thy daily duty"? Avoid telling idle tales, which is like firing arrows in the dark . you know not into whose lieart they may fall. Avoid talking about yourself, praising your own work, and pro claiming your own deeds. If they are good they will proclaim them- selves; if bad, the less you say of them the better. Avoid envy; for it cannot benefit you, nor can it injure those against whom it is cherished. Avoid disputation for the mere sake of argument. The maa who disputes obstinately, and in a bigoted spirit, is like the man who would stop the fountain from which he should drink. Earnest discussion is commendable ; but factious argument never yet produced a good result. Be kind in little things. The true generosity of the heart is more displayed by deeds of minor kindness, than by acts which may partake of ostentation. Be polite. Politeness is the poetry of conduct — and like poetry, it has many qualities. Let not your politeness be too florid, but of that gentle kind which indicates a refined nature. Be soeiable — avoid reserve in society. Remember that the social Rtiqueite and Personal Manners. 623 elements, like the air we breathe, are purified by motion. Thought illumines thought, and smiles win smiles. Be punctual. One minute too l.ite has lost many a golden oppor- tunity. Besides which, the want of punctuality is an affront offered to the person to whom your presence is due. The foregoing remarks may be said to apply to the moral conduct, rather than to the details of personal manners. Great principles, how- ever, suggest minor ones ; and hence, from the principles laid down, many hints upon personal behavior may be gathered. Be hearty in your salutations, discreet and sincere in your friend- ships. Prefer to listen rather than to talk. Behave, even in the presence of your relations, as though you felt respect to be due to them. In society never forget that you are but one of many. When you visit a friend, conform to the rules of his household; lean not upon his tables, nor rub your feet against his chairs. Pry not into letters that are not your own. Pay unmistakable lespect to ladies everywhere. Beware of foppery, and of silly flirtation. In public places be not too pertinacious of your own rights, but find pleasure in making concessions. Speak distinctly, look at the person to whom you speak, and when you have spoken, give him an opportunity to reply. Avoid drunkenness as you would a curse ; and modify all appetites, especially those that are acquired. Dress well, but not superfluously; be neither like a sloven, nor like a stuffed model. Keep away all uncleanlj' appearances from the person. Let the nails, the teeth, and, in fact, the whole system receive salutary rather than studied care. But let these things receive attention at the toilette —not elsewhere. Avoid displaying excess of jewelry. Nothing looks more effem- inate upon a man. Be modest and sensible. Do not be above your business, no mat ;er what that may be, but strive to be the best in that line. He who turns up his nose at his work quarrels with his bread and butter. He is a poor smith who quarrels with his own sparks; there's no shame about any honest calling; don't be afraid of soiling your hands, there'? plenty of soap to be had. You cannot get honey if you are frightened at bees, nor plant corn if you are afraid of getting mud on your boots. Above all, avoid laziness. There is plenty to do in this world for every pair of hands placed in it, and we must so work that the world will be richer because of our having lived in it. Every one of these sugge.-tions may be regarded as the center of many others, which the earnest mind cannot fail to discover. Choice of Friends. — We should ever have it fixed in our memo- ries, that by the character of those whom we choose for our friends our own character is likely to he formed, and will certainly be judged of by the world. We ought, therefore, to be slow and cautious in contracting intimacy; but when a virtuous friendship is once established, we must ever consider it as a sacred engagement. — Dr. Blair. Words. — Soft words soften the soul — angry words are fuel to the- flame of wrath, and make it blaze more freel5^ Kind words make other people good-natured — cold words freeze people, and hot words «corch them, and bitter words make them bitter, and wrathful words ^24 JEtiquette and Personal Manneri. make wrathful. There is such a rush of all other kinds of worda in our days, that it seems desirable to give kind words a chance among them. There are vain words, and idle words, and hasty words, and spiteful words, and silly words, and empty words, and profane words, and boisterous words, and warlike words. Kind words also produce their own image on men's souls, and a beautiful image it is. They smooth, and quiet, and comfort the hearer. They shame him out of his sour, and morose, and unkind feelings. We have not yet begun to use kind words in such abundance as they ought to be used. Gossiping. — If you wish to cultivate a gossiping, meddling, cen- , sorious spirit in your children, be sure when they come home from church, a visit, or any other place where you do not accompany them, to ply them with questions concerning what eveiybody wore, how everybody looked, and what everybody said and did; and if you find anything in this to censure, always do it in their hearing. You may rest assured, if you pursue a course of this kind, they will not return to you unladen with intelligence; and, rather than it should be unin- teresting, they will by degrees learn to embellish, in such a manner as shall not fail to call forth remarks and expressions of wonder from you. You will, by this course, render the spirit of curiosity, which ia so early visible in children, and which, if rightly directed, may be made the instrument of enriching and enlarging tbpir minds, a vehicle of mischief which will serve only to narrow them. Rules of Conduct. — We cannot do better than quote the valuable injunctions of that excellent woman, Mrs. Fry, who combined In hei character and conduct all that is truly excellent in woman: 1. I nevei lose any time— I do not think that time lost which is spent in amuse- ment or recreation some part of each day; but always be in the habit of being employed. 2. Never err the least in truth. 3. Never say an ill thing of a person when thou can not say a good thing of him; not only speak charitably, but feel so. 4. Never be irritable or unkind to anybody. 5. Never indulge yourself in luxuries that are not neces- sary. 6. Do all things with consideration; and when thy path to act right is most ditficult, feel confidence in that Power alone which is abl« to assist thee, and exert thy own powers as far as they go. The Female Temper. — No trait of character is more agreeable in a female than the possession of a sweet temper. Home can never be happy without it. It is like the flowers that spring up in our pathway, reviving and cheering us. Let a man go home at night, wearied and worn by the toils of the day, and how soothing is a word dictated by a good disposition ! It is sunshine falling on his heart. He is happy, and the cares of life are forgotten. A sweet temper has a soothing in- fluence over the minds of a whole family. Where it is found in the wife and mother, you observe a kindness and love predominating over the natural feelings of a bad heart. Smiles, kind words and looks, characterize the children, and peace and love have their dwelling there. Study, then, to acquire and maintain a sweet temper. Counsels for the Young.— Never be cast down by trifles. If a spider break his thread twenty times, twenty times will he mend it again. Make up your mind to do a thing, and you will do it. Fear not if a trouble comes upon you ; keep up your spirits, though the day be a dark one. If the sun is going down, look up to the stars. If the earth is dark, keep your eve on heaven. With God's promises, a man or a child may be cheerful. Mind what you run after. Never be con- tent with a bubble that will burst, firewood that will end in smoke and darkness. Get that which you oaa keep, and which is worth keeping. Etiquette and Personal Manners. 6*5 fight hard against a hasty temper. Anger will come, but resist it fltroiigly. A fit of passion may give you cause to mourn all the days of your life. Never revenge an injury. If you have an enemy, act kindly to him, and make him your friend. You may not win him over at once, but try again. Let one kindness be followed by another, till you have compassed your end. By little and little, great things are completed ; and repeated kindness will soften the heart of stone. Whatever you do, do it willingly. A boy that is whipped to school never learns his lessons well. A man who is compelled to work, cares not how badly it is performed. He that pulls off his coat cheerfully, strips up his sleeves in earnest, and sings while he works, is the man of action. Advice to Tomng Ladies.— If you have blue eyea, you need not janguish. If black eyes, you need not stare. If you have pretty feet, there is no occasion to wear short petti- coats. If you are doubtful as to that point, there can be no harm in let- ting the petticoats be long. If you have good teeth, do not laugh for the purpose of showing iham. If you have bad ones, do not laugh less than the oceaaion naay fosttfy. If you have pretty hands and arms, there can be no objection to four playing on the harp if you play well. Ii they are disposed to be clumsy, work tapestry. If you have a bad voice, rather speak in a low tone. If you have the finest voice in the world, never speak In a high tone. If you dance well, dance but seldom. If you dance ill, never dance at all. If you sing well, make no previous excuses. If you sing indifferently, hesitate not a moment when you are ASked, for few people are judges of singing, but every one is sensible ♦f a desire to please. If you would preserve beauty, rise early. If you would preserve esteem, be gentle. If you would obtain power, be condescending. If you would live happily, endeavor to promote the happiness of others. To Tonng Ladies*— In marrying, make your own match. Do not floarry any one to get rid of him, or to oblige him, or to save him. The man'who would go to destruction without you, would quite likely go with you, and perhaps drag you along. Do not marrj-^ in haste, lest you repent at leisure. Do not marry for a home and a living, when by burning up your corsets and taking care of your health you can be strong enough to earn your own living. Bo not let aunts, fathers, or mothers, sell you for money or position into bondage, tears, and life- long misery, which you alone must endure. Do not place yourself habitually in the company of any suitor till you have decided the question of marriage; human wills are weak, and people often become bewildered, and do not know their error till it is too late. GJet away from their influence, settle your head, and make up your mind alone. A promise may be made in an hour of half -delirious ecstasy, which must be rMeemed through years of sorrow, toil and pain. Do not trust your happiness in the keeping of one who has no heart, no head, 626 Etiquette and Personal Manner^ no health. Beware of insane blood. Do not rutjh tbjn^htlessly, has- tily, into wedded life, contrary to the counsel of yoai best friends. Lov« can wait; that which cannot wait is something or a very diflfereni character. Attentiyeness. — How much more we might make of our family life, of our friendships, if every secret thought of love blossomed into a deed ! We are not now speaking merely of personal caresses. These may, or may not, be the best language of aiFection. But there are words and looks and little observances, thoughtfulnesses, watchful little attentions, which make it manifest, and there is scarcely a family that might not be richer in heart-wealth for moi-e of them. It is a mistake to suppose that relations must of course love each other because they are relations. Love must be cultivated, and can be increased by judicious culture, as wild fruits may double their bearing under the hand of a gardener; and love can cf windle and die out by neglect, as choice flower-seeds planted in poor soil dwindle and grow single. — Atlantic. Conversation. — There are many talkers, but few who know how to converse agreeably. Speak distinctly, neitaer too rapidly nor too slowly. Accommodate the pitch of your voice to the hearing of the person with whom you aie conversing. Neve,' speak with your moutb full. Tell your jokes, and laugh afterwards. Dispense with superflu- ous words — such as, " Well, I should think." The woman who wishes her conversatiow to be agreeable, will avoid conceit or aflectation, and laughter which is not natural and spontaneous. Her language will be easy and Unistudied, marked by a graceful carelessness, which, at the same time, never oversteps the limits of propriety. Her lips will readily yield to a pleasant smik- j she will not love to hear herself talk; her tones will bear the impress of sincerity, and her eyes kindle with animation as she speaks. The art of pleasing is, in truth, the very soul of good breeding; for the precise object of the latter is to render us agreeable to all with who»* we associate — to make us, at the same time, esteemed and loved. We need scarcely advert to the rudeness of interrupting any ovi' who is speaking, or the impropriety of pushing, to its full extent, • discussion which has become unpleasant. Some men have a mania for Greek and Latin quotations; tliis ik peculiarly to be avoided. It is like pulling up the stones from a tomb wherewith to kill the living. Nothing is more wearisome than pe- dantry. If you feel your intellectual superiority to any one with whom you are conversing, do not seek to bear him down; it would be an in- glorious triumph, and a breach of good maniiers. Beware, too, of speaking lightly of subjects which bear a sacred character. It is a common idea that the art of wiiting and the art of conver- sation are one; this is a great mistake. A man of genius may be a very dull talker. The two grand modes of making your conversation interesting, are to enliven it by recitals calculated to affect and impress your hear- ers, and to intersperse it with anecdotes and smart things. Ceremonies. — All ceremonies are in themselves superficial things; yet a man of the world should know them. They are the outworks of manners and decency, which would be too often broken in upon, if il were not for that defense which keeps the enemy at a proper di,=tance. jft is for that reason we always treat tools and coxcombs with great ceremony, true good breeding not being a sufficient barrier against them. Etiquette and Personal Manners. 627 The Art of being Agreeable. — The true art of being agreeable is to appear well pleased with all the company, and rather to seem well entertained with them than to bring entertainment to them. A man ihus disposed, perhaps may not have much learning, nor any wit; but if he has common sense, and something friendly in his behavior, it conciliates men's minds more than the brightest parts without this dis- position; and when a man of such a turn comes to old age, he is al- most sure to be treated with respect. It is true, indeed, that we should not dissemble and flatter in company ; but a man may be very agree- able, strictly consistent with truth and sincerity, by a prudent silence where he cannot concur, and a pleasing assent where he can. Now and then you meet with a person so exactly formed to please, that he will gain upon every one that hears or beholds him ; this disposition is not merely the gift of nature, but frequently the effect of much knowl- edge of the world, and a command over the passions. Artificial Manners. — Artificial manners, and such as spring from good taste and refinement, can never be mistaken, and differ as widely as gold and tinsel. How captivating is gentleness of manner derived from true humility, and how faint is every imitation ! The one resem- bles a glorious rainbow, spanning a dark cloud ; the other, its pale at- tendant, the water-gall. That suavity of manner which renders a real gentlewoman courteous to all, and careful to avoid giving offense, is often copied by those who merely subject themselves to certain rules of etiquette; but very awk.vard is the copy. Warm professions of regard are bestowed on those who do not expect them, and the esteem .vhich is due to merit appears to be lavished on every one alike. And as true humility, blended with a right a;ipreciation of self-respect, gives a pleasing cast to the countenance, so from a sincere and open disposition springs that artlessne>-s of manner which disarms all preju- dice. Feeling, on the contrary, is ridiculous when affected, and, even when real, should not be too openly manifested. Let the manners arise from the mind, and let there be no disguise for the genuine emo- tions of the heart. Ill Temper. — A single person of sour, sullen temper — what a areadful thing it is to have such a one 'n\ a house ! There is not myrrh and aloes and chloride of lime enough '\\. the world to disinfect a single uome of such a nuisance 9-3 that; no nches, no elegance of mien, no beauty of face, can ever screen such ;t)ersons from utter vulgarity. Ill temper is the vulgarist tlinig that the lowest born and illest bred can ever bring to his home. It »s one of the worst forms of impiety. Peevishnaas in ». home is r^ot njijy a sin against the Holy Ghost, but Jin agaiDuf *afc doly <3>-cm /.,) ch« very temple of love. — Theodore AMUSEMENTS FOR THE YOUNG BY THE PUBLISHER. [This department may seem, to some, out of place in a worlr or this kind , but It has been the publisher's desire and aim to supply, as far as possible, all of the wants of the family or household. Family parties are often puzzled to know with what games they shall amuse their guests and themselves, and how often, when the younger ones have the company of their playmates, do they go to mamma to know what they can play. It is much more pleasant to see them amuse themselves, than to make little men and women of them before their time. Innocent amusements in the family circle exercise the memory, wit, and intelligence, and when properly regulated are grand help- mates to study. This department is intended to supply them with a selection from the time-honored amusements of our forefathers, with many new games for the older members of the family, in orde^ that they may know how to amuse themselves in a sensible manner. It Is our desire that this depart, ment naay carry to the home circle that spirit of enjoyment which is natural to the young heart, and which should not be absent from the more mature.] HUNT THE SLIPPER. This old game will be remembered— in conjunction with blind man'M bnfl —as long as the charming "Pleasures of Memory" are read. " 'Twas here we chased the slipper by its sound, And turned the blindfold hero round and round," says the poet, speaking of his childhood's home. " The game is played thus: The players (who should be many) sit in a circla close together on low stools or on the carpet. In the center of the group stands the one who is to " chase the slipper by its sound." The players' hands are clasped behind their backs, one of them holding » slipper. The center player, of course, must not know who holds it. If there are a sufficient number of ployers, it adds greatly to the fun oe this game to make an outer and i nner circle. The slipper is passed from hand to hand. At length some one taps with it on the ground, outside the circle, The huntress darts to the place indicated by the sound, but, alas! too late generally to catch it. While seeking it there^ she hears It tap the floor in quite an opposite direction, and again darts off on her vain search. It Is gen- erally some time before the slipper la caught. When it is, the huntress sita down, and the player from whom she obtained it takes her place. BLIND MAN'S BUFF. Choose which shall be the Blind Man, and then tie a handkerchief oare' fully oyer his eyes. Stand him in the middle of the room. Then one say to him: " How many cows has your C&ther got?" He answers, " Three." " What color are they?" " Black, white, and gray." " Then turn around three tlnaes, and catch you may." The game then is to avoid being eaught by the Blind Man. A good deal of fan ts made by touching him on the back, arms, legs, and so on. As soon as one is caught, that one becomes the Blind Man. This game can also be played in the gardens or fields. HIDE AND SEEK. A handkerchief, or some other trifle, is concealed by one player, and the rest attempt to And it. The-one who discovers it takes the next tarn to hide Amusements for the Your^. 629 th jrtlclt It is cijst.njiiary for the one who hid the article to encourage tl;<^