'\B m^' ■■i-?- d^ ^isr ^ W^MT.I- ///,v;,^^,^ osAxdKLKsCoryrv ( \l II OK'M \. ('••iilniiiiiii; a HiMloiy nf l^>- Aiip-li-x Couiilv ln>iii tli«- Karlii*»t l'i-ri>M| i.f iC'. 0«vii|»aiifV to the IVi-sH-m Tiiiif. loifcihrr \\illi (iliiii|iM-« nt' il- Pr.wjHvtivr Fiituri': with l*n>luM llliiMration. .•! ii« Itniitifiil S-.iu-n. Full Pap- r..rlrait- of Smif »i' it* iii«Mt KiiiiiK-iil M«-ii. aimI Hioifraphii-al M<-ntion v the carliei- recurils the magnificent histories of Hubert Howe Uancroft have been largely drawn upon, by s]ii'ci:il ]iermis>iiin of the author, who, more than any other man having access tc the archives, deserve- special acknowledgment for his peerless work. The extensive collection of I!. .\. Stephens, which he has been making for years, has largely been utilized. Due acknowledg- ment is also made to such writers .ms .1. J. Warner. Dr. J. P. Widney, Dr. Walter Lindley. llenja- min Hayes, II. D. Harrcw.-. (i. V. I'arsuns, Hugo lieid, A. k. Cun.ncl. Kev. .I.ksc Adam, kred Hall. W. Ilam. Hall. (;e,,rge Hutler (irittin. J. Albert Wilsci, W. Mci'her.-nn, .1. .M. (ininii, H. Wellington I'.rook, .1. D. Lynch. J. U. IJrierly, Alice P. .\dams, \l. \V . C. kaniswortli. (.corge Pice. D. M. llerry, Mrs. Jeanne C. Carr, and many other.-. Special thanks are hereby givi'U to the Historical Society of Southern California, and to their cmmittee, Messrs. J. .M. Cuiiin, Ira >rore. I!. I ). I'.arrows and Dr. W. F. Ivlgar. f.r their faith- fid labors in ri'viewini;- the nianuscrii.t. ^■T^ \^' iN^EMfS. ^=^^ '.V.^ "-s^ CHAPTER I. Physical Features — Geology 2 Mineralogy 2 Topography 5 Climate • 6 CHAPTEH II. Aborigines — Origin of the ludism 10 Reid's Account of the luiiiaiis 11 CHAPTER III. Early Voyages and Spanish Occiji'ation— Voyage of Cabrillo, 1542 3;5 Voyage of Vizcayno, 1603 33 Spanish Occupation, 1700-1822 24 tilAPTEK IV. The Missions— Mission of San Galjiiel 27 Mission Annals 30 Rule of Zalvadea 34 CHAPTER V. The Missions, Continued- Mission of San Fernando 40 CHAPTER VI. SECULARIZ.VnoN OF THE MISSIONS 44 CHAPTER VII. City of Los Angeles 40 CHAPTER VIII. The Mexk AN War— Capture of Los Angeles Oil Mexican Revolt 70 Battle of Dominguez Ranch 73 Battle of San Galjriel 75 Battle of the Mesa 78 Capitulation of Cahuenga 78 Stevenson's Regiment 82 The Four Cannon , S5 CHAPTER IX. The County 87 CIIAPTKK X. State Division 1'4 CHAPTER XI. Annals— 1849-1889 97 First Events 110 Floods Ill Earthquakes Ill CHAPTER XII. Pioneers 114 CHAPTER XIII. Railroads 134 CHAPTER XIV. The Press 140 CHAPTER XV. Bench and Bar— Pioneer Attorneys 1 (>0 The Los Angeles Bar Association 195 The Law Library 190 CHAPTER XVI. The Medical Profession 197 The Southern California Medical Society 236 Los Angeles County Medical Association 237 Los Angeles Homeopathic Society 238 The Dental Profession 240 Southern California Odontological Society 244 CHAPTER XVII. Crimes and Criminals 245 The Chinese Massacre 249 Tiburico Vasquez 250 CHAPTER XVIII. Los Angklks City— Popnlalion and (Jrowth 253 Businpss Interests 255 Banks 257 L.xpress Business 261 Postotlice 201 Telephone and Telegraph Lines 2G2 The Water System 202 The Water. Works 204 The Citizens' Water Company 265 The East-Side Spring Water Company 260 The Big Tunnel 266 Electric-Light System 267 Los Angeles Ice and Cold-Slorage Company 268 Public Library 268 Public Parks , . .. , 208 Places of Amusement Fire Department 269 2fi9 San Gabriel 837 Alhambra Lamanila Park. Sierra Madre 337 337 Cemeteries... . Educational. . Los Angeles F unuic les... . urnilure Company 2(i9 270 289 •'90 337 El Monte 339 ...339 Arcadia ....339 305 Monrovia 339 308 Glendale Newhall San Fernando. Glendora Alosta Azusa 340 CII.VPTEK XIX. 313 340 340 341 C'lIAPTEK XX. 342 343 844 CHAPTER XXI. 332 Lancaster Wilson's Trail.. CI Miscellaneous— Spanish Land G The Great Boon lAPTEP XXIII. 34.5 34.1 Wilmington.. 334 334 CHAPTEU XXII. 335 336 336 336 346 Other Towns— Santa Monica Complou ... Downey Whittier. ... Santa F6 Spri Norwalk .... of 1S86- '87 347 350 s.n','k.n!i~'i„.,::: 354 Military The Colored People Police Reports Legislative and County Officers 357 358 359 360 337 BIOGI^APHIGAL SP^ETGHES. Adam, J... 392 Adams Bros 367 Adams, S.M 367 Addis, Y. H 366 Aeuirre, M. G 701 Aiken, George 368 Alexander, Hamoo 368 Allen, J. C 700 Allen, O. H 365 Allin, John 699 Amar, Auguste 698 Ambrose, C. D 370 Anderson, Chris 700 Anderson, J. A 194 Ardis, John C. 366 Arevalo, M. S 287 Armour, J. M 371 Arnelt, K. S 369 Arnold, W S 700 Ashman, James 697 Atlas Milling Company < 97 Ayers, J. J 147 Babcock, W. D 233 Badeau, W. C 381 Baer, Edw. A 702 Bailey, Jonathan 714 Baker, Francis 392 Baker, Fred L 398 Baker, M. S 394 Baker, U. S 701 Baldridge. Michael 400 Baldwin, C. W 709 Ball, A. L 380 Ball, B. F 413 Ball, G. A 710 Ballade, P 389 Bandini, Juan 368 Bangle, John 379 Banning, Phineas 127 Banla, Isaac 410 Barber, D. C 215 Barbour, W. K 706 Barclay, H. A 174 Barnard, W. H 386 Barnard & Benedict 386 Barnes, Leonidas 706 Barnes, T. F 398 Barnes, W. P 708 Barnelt, E. E 711 Barrows, H.D 411 Bartle, J. H 408 Bassett, K. S 385 Basye, Rafael 705 Bates, S.T 705 Baxter, Edwin 193 Baxter, W. O .371 Bayer, Joseph 388 Bayly, R. J 404 Beardslee. J. B 405 Beaudry, Prudeut 372' Bedwell, K. D 393 Bell, Alex 384 Bell, A. T 713 Bell, C. M 381 Bell, W. C 40(i Bender, John 398 Benner, John 709 Bent, H. K. W 391 Bentley, A. P 178 Bernard, Juan 707 Bevan, P. R ...268 Bickuell, F.T 236 Bicknell, J.D 171 Bird, W. R 243 Birdsall Elias 298 Bishop, R.B 711 Bixby,Jotham 792 Blackman, H 384 Bloeser,John 385 Blumer, J. G 704 Boal, J. M 231 Boal, R. II 240 Boardman, AV. F 383 Boddy, Andrew 408 Boehme, George 387 Bonebrake, G. H 716 Bornemann, F 285 Bowen, S. P 389 Boyce, M. B 390 Boyd, W. M 336 Boyle, A. A 126 Bradtield, Mrs. C. P 283 Bradley, B 399 Brady,J. M 710 Bransby, Carlos 278 Braun, F. W 388 Breed, L X 409 Brierlv, J.U 703 CONTENTS. Brigdeu, Albert 407 Brinkerhoff, J. 11 3-34 Brodersen, A. C 194 Bropliy, Michael 378 Brophy, W. A 37!) Brosseau, Louis 712 Brousseau, Julius 174 Brown, C. W 383 Brown, E. M 714 Brown, Milton 377 Brown, W. A 204 Bruce, T. P 406 Brunson, Ansou 190 Brunson, K. A 230 Bryson, C. W 232 Bryson, John 2 i7 Buchanan, C. W 385 Buell, E. C 236 BuUis, Omri 390 Burdick, Cyrus 402 Burdick,E."L 229 Burke, A. W 708 Burlingame, H. P 710 Burns, J. F 713 Burr, W. O 387 Burritt, D. N 403 Buster, F.M 397 Butler, P. G 392 Cambell, J. H 435 Cameron, Wm 418 Campbell, Alex 193 CamptoD, George 429 Carrell, F. 437 Carsou, George 726 Carson, J. K 2.2 Carter, A. F .■ 414 Carter, N. C 432 Carutbers, Wm 419 Case, J. 1 420 Casey, John 7 ! !) Casey, J. W 7.0 Ca-^sBros 431 Castrucio, James 437 Caswell, 8. B 431 Cate, J. W 722 C;ates, H.G 227 Cathcart, Robert 417 Chadsey, Benjamin 4.>4 Chapman, A. B 4:,0 Chapman & Heudrick 180 Chapman ifc Paul 43'i Chappelow, Wm 434 Charnock, Charles 423 Cheney, Wm. A 169 Cheney, W. W 429 Chick, Hiram 718 Childress Safe Deposit Bank 43.") Childress, A. D 435 Childs, O. W 433 Choatp, J.J 236 Clark, E. A 234 Clark, G. W 721 Clark, W. K 170 Clement, C. W 718 t'leniinson, James 440 Cleveland, E. K 145 Cochran, W. G 234 Cohn, I. E 724 Cohn, Kaspare 430 Colburn, J. U 234 Cole, C 179 Cole, G. L 236 Cole, G. W 420 Collins, D. U 721 428 Colver, J. 1' 724 Compton,G. D 715 Conner, L. D 419 Cook, James . ...414 Cook, John W 116 Copley, Thomas . ...726 Coronel, A. F 425 (Jorouel. Senora M. W. cle. 426 Coxhead, E. A 725 Craia;, Michael 720 Crawford, J. S 2411 Cronenwett, A. E .. ..422 CuUen, W. B 422 Culver, F.F 441 Currier, A. T 415 Curtis, CD 439 Dalton.E. H 446 Dalton, Sr., Geor-e 453 Dalton, W. T 455 Damrnn, J. .M 177 Darlin-, A. F .. ..214 Daubeiisptck, W. S 443 Davidson. G. C 455 Davis, C. W 730 Davis, G. H 728 Davis, J. L . . . 2y2 Davis, Mrs. .Mauiic IVnv.. 729 DaviMm, .1. I, .7''.1 Daviss...n, J. I 7S0 Dawson, ClKirles 45:; Dawson, K. W . ...451 DeGanno, II 454 DeGear, J. D 732 DeLano, C. S 280 Delano, T. A 444 Del Valle, K. F 189 Del Yalle, Y-nacio 442 Den, K. S 197 Denis, G.J i;3 Denman, J. (i 448 Deut.-^ili, Emile . ...444 Dillon, U. 1-: 449 Dillon, Hichard 449 Dod^e, S- C 709 Dodson, W. U 449 Dohs, Fred 734 445 Dorman, Alanson 455 Dorsey,K. H 451 Dorsey, Miss R. L 232 Dougherty, J. L 4.50 Downey, J. G 447 Downs, J. M .... 215 Dozier, Melville . ...283 309 Duukelberger, I. R 454 Dunlap, A. 11 Dunn, J. T 447 Dunn, T. S 733 Dunsmoor, C. H 443 Durfee, J. D 727 Durrell, J. F 733 Dye, G. W .... 731 Earle, W. Y 457 456 Eaton. Fred '. . . . 462 Eberle, F. X 45.) Eckler, J. P Edelman, A. M 4.59 Edo-ar \V F . .. . . 216 Eddy Amos 456 Embody, Uri 7H(> Engelhardi, A. K 400 . 458 Erhardt, C. A 458 Erwin, F. M Ewing, 1!. S 459 Fairchild, I?. 11 226 Fannini;. F. B 474 Faulweller, Val 735 Fears, J. M Fellows, Is.i.-ic 23!) Fer-us..n, Win 466 Ferniuidr/, .ManiP 1 211 FerrbM-, Fi.iir,, . . . 469 Fitch, (ie.n-e 475 Fitzgerald, W. F 737 Flatt, C.J 282 Flora, A. W 468 Flory, J. S 468 Floyd, K. J Follansbee, Elizabela A.. 467 325 Forbes, C. II 471 Forbes, Wm 733 Forsler, Juan 47(1 Forster, J. F 473 Forster.M. A 472 Fosmire, J. F 464 Foster, ^i. (.■ 121 Foy S C . 465 Fraisher, W. W 469 Franck, A 7.-:5 Freeman, Daniel Freeman, J. B 7:!6 Freer, W. II 474 French, L. W 243 Frick, J. E 738 Frick W A 738 Frost, F. R 235 Fruhling Bros 465 Fryer. J. M 464 Fryer, R. C 463 Fullerton, G. E 469 Gage, H. T 175 Gaines, J. W 495 Garber F J 491 Gard. 6. E 487 Garden, Miss L. E 288 Gardiner, AV P 194 Gardner, A. (J 286 Gardner. Hen.y 476 Garibaldi, C 478 Garthside, J. K 488 Garey, T. A 746 Garvev, Richard 740 Gassen, Charles 744 Gerkens, J F 746 Germain, Ed 484 Germain, Eugene 753 Gerson, Charles 743 Gibson, F. A. 491 Gibson, F. W 489 Gillespie John . 485 Gillette, J. W Gillmore, F.J 484 Giroux, L G 477 Glassell, Andrew 187 GoldswortLy, J. C 744 GoUmer, Charles 745 GoUmer, Robert 491 Goodall, Frank 493 Goodman, B. J 745 Goodwin, H.F 483 Goodwin, L. C 483 Goodwin, Patrick 483 Gosper, J.J 490 Goucher, C. 1 495 Gourley, Fred 476 Graham, Angus 485 Grant, E. G 553 Grant, John 745 Graves, O'Melveny & Shankland.183 Graves, L. T 483 Green, E. K 475 Green, F. E 476 Green,P.M 477 Greene, Wm. D 210 Greminger, George 485 Gresham, F. C 476 Griffin, G. B 479 Griffin, J. 8 306 Griffith, G.J 493 Griswold, L. D 494 Guess, John 486 Guinn, J. M 481 Guone, C. R 283 Guthrie, F. B 193 Gwin, J.H 739 Haben, C 755 Haddox, J. T 516 Hagan, Martin 203 Hamilton, E. M 513 Hamilton, Henry oil Hamilton, J. A 512 Haramerton, H. W 511 Hancock, Henry 496 Hanlon, John 509 Hanna, D. W ., 277 HannoD, J. C 751 Hansen, George 498 Hansen, Henry 751 Harmon, J 233 Harper, A. C 758 Harps, Jacob 497 Harrington, E 494 Harris, J. M 231 Harris, R. B 513 Harrison, Wm. C 211 Hart, J. J 500 Haskell, E. 31 514 Haskin, Henry 512 Hatch, D. P 181 Hathern, J. G 496 Hauser, Julius 758 Haven, G. S 755 Havens. E. M 757 Haver, Fred 757 Hawk, J. F 758 Hawks, A. D 499 Hawks, Frances H 750 Hay, James 760 Hayden & Lewis Co 509 Hayman, Benj 509 Haynes, F. L 233 Haynes, John 173 Hazard, G. W 499 Hazard, H. T 747 Hazzard, A. C 498 Heinsch,H.W 755 Heinzeman, C. F 508 Hellman, H. W 506 CONTENTS. Hellman, I. W 510 Henderson, Miss Janet 285 Hersee, G. W 287 Hewitt, E.E 756 Higgins, Harmon 759 Hinds, George 496 Hitchcock, W. W 236 Hogan, J. F • ■ • 748 Holbrook, J. F 508 Holder, C. F 503 Holgate, S 761 HoUenbeck, J. E 504 Holman, W. C 759 Home, Wm. A 753 Hopkins, G. C 747 Hosmer, N. II 749 Houghton, E. W 748 House, L. T 338 House, R. F 516 Howard, J. E 754 Howard,F.H 193 Howe, Con vers 514 Howland, G. D 284 Howland, J. L 753 Howry, CD 501 Hoyt, A. H 507 Huckins, P. T.... 209 Hudson, J. W 763 Hughes, West 230 Hunter, Wm. A 755 Hurlbut, W. S 495 Hutton, A.W 177 Jenifer, J. M 766 Jenison, J. E 520 Jenkins, CM 523 Jenks, Albert 518 Jevne, Hans 530 Johnson, G. R 517 Johnson, Irvine 521 Johnston, D. D^ 519 Johnston, W. V 761 Jones, E. W 519 Jones, M. G 766 Jones, J. A 518 Jones, John 764 Judson, A. H 532 Juenger, Wm. H 531 Kannon, M.M 213 Keir, John 380 Keller, Miss L. F 285 Keller, Matthew 130 Kelly, F. P 184 Kendrick, Carroll 228 Kenealy, John 524 Kennedy, John 765 Kercheval, A. F 531 Kern, Paul 527 Kerns, T.J 530 Kiefer, P. P 527 King, A.J 194 King,Henrv 766 King, E. R". 767 King, James M 534 King, John M 531 Kingsley, J. A 526 Kinney, Abbot 535 Ktister, Mrs. E. A 765 Kremer, Maurice 536 Kubach, C J 539 Kuhrts, Jacob 530 Lacey, Sidney 544 Lacy, Ward & Co 537 Lacy, Jr., Wm 537 Lacy, Sr., Wm 770 La Dow, S. W 540 La Fetra, L. M 533 LaFetra, M. H 473 Lambouru, Fred 548 Lang, John 539 Lankershim, Isaac 541 Large, E. P 544 Lasher, G. W 335 Lassere, Eugene 765 Laubersheimer, A 533 - Laux, Carl 545 Lazard, Solomon 534 Leahy, Thomas 539 Lecouvreur, Frank 549 Lee, A. W 543 Lee, H. T 194 Lee, J. H 158 Legs;, James 767 Levy, Michel 539 Lewis, A. A 805 Lewis, David 535 Lewis, R. D 770 Lewis, S. B 509 Lewis, W. B. S 533 Lichtenberger, L 768 Lindley, Hervey 547 Lindley, Milton 546 Lindley, Walter 305 Little, E.W 543 Littleboy, Wm 549 Livingston, Richard 536 Llewellyn, L.J 538 Loew,J 768 Logan, Mrs. Anna E 537 Loney, James 778 Long, G. E 564 Loop, C F 333 Los Angeles Cracker Company. .693 Los Angeles Planing Mill Com- pany.' 769 Los Angeles Windmill Company . 675 Lossing,S. E 767 Loucks, R. N 507 Lowe, W. W 760 Ludlam, Henry 287 Lugo, A. M 548 i Luitweiler, S. W 538 Lummis, M. Dorothea 224 Lunt, H. L 388 Luper, Martin 034 Lynch, J. D 146 Lyster, B. J 768 MacGowan, Granville 207 MacKay, A. F 569 Macv, Oscar 554 Magee, H. W: 556 Maier, S 784 Maier, Joseph 697 Maier & Zobeleiu 697 Malott, Wm. M 775 Mann, Wm 785 Manning:, E. C 222 Mansfield, John 193 Mappa, A. G 568 Marleau, M. M 777 Markham, H. H 570 Marsden, H. L 775 Marshall, Wm 553 Martin, C. S 559 Martin, W. C 558 Martin, W. T 563 Masters, W. V "7 Malbes, S. J 573 Mathis, E. N 219 Matthew, W. 8 783 Maynard, H. II 203 McCarty, T.J 235 McComas, J. K 780 McDauiel, A. G 770 McDonald, E.'N 551 JIcDonald, Gregor 573 McDonell, C. A 314 McFarland, A 32!) McGairy, D. M 554 McGarvin, F. G 553 McGarvin, II 552 McGaugh, J. W 559 McGregor, Duncan 561 McKinley, J. W 170 JIcLain, Idonia 562 IMcLaugblin, John 785 McLeau, Alex 564 McManis, J. K 780 McMenomy, J. C; 784 McNally, A 783 Mentry, C. A 569 Meiz, Henry 784 Jteschendorf, H. H 697 Mesmer, Louis 779 Messer, K 568 Meyer, A. J 292 Meyer, H. E 783 Jleyer. Samuel 571 Michelsou, Julius 774 Middletou, G. W 783 Miles, B. E 774 Miller, K. T 558 Mills, J. S 503 Mitchell, H. M 571 Mitchell, Thos 173 Mitchell, T. F 777 Modini, Carlo 287 ^Molony, Kichard 553 Monroe, CO 778 Monroe, AV. N ■ 779 Montano, A. A 571 Montgomery, Grant & Co 553 Moore, M.L 220 Moores, \Vm 551 Mora, Francis 291 More, Ira 281 Moreno, J. F 550 Morf'ord, W. E 507 Morgan, G. W 555 Morgan, Jolin C 195 Morgan, J. T 235 Morgan, Oclavius 566 Morrison, N. H 23() ilorscli, Fred 774 Morton, W'm 393 Moss, Win 556 MotI, S. n 771 .MotI, T. 1) 565 Moulton, Elijah 557 Mudge, M :549 Slullally, Joseph 573 Mullen. Josei.h .560 Muicli. .\. \V 288 ."Munln. ii. Ml- .M. E 384 Muiiav, .Mi-- A. C 384 Myri.k. Mi-- K I' 384 Xadeau, Hurbert 221 Needham, H. C 575 Neighbors, A. AV 577 Newhall, J. O 576 Xewmark, Harris 573 ..576 .. 785 ..576 Newnuuk & Co., M. A Newmark, M. N Newton, Willis Nicol, Wm '. . . . . Norman, J. F Norman, A\'. A Nuelle, A. A Nuelle it Nicol Planing Mill. j O'(,'ounor. AV'm 578 ' Olmstead, Miss Vesta 284 Olsen, Martin 582 O'Mel veny, H. K. S .583 O'Melveny, H. W 183 Orme, H. S oyj j Orr, B. F 789 i Orr, James 786 ' Orr, W. W 578 . j Osborn, Wm 786 ' i Osborne, George 788 Osborne, H. Z 144 , Osgoodliy, George 580 j Osgoodby, John" 579 j O'Shea, T 786 ' Otis, H. G 151 Overholtzer, S. A ,583 f Owens, J. S 213' | Packard, J. A .595 Page, Sherman 798 Palmer, F. L .593 | Palmer, F. M 242 Palmer, H. A 594 ' Parker, M. M 601 Parker, P. W 586 Parker, W. E 791 Pascoe, Thomas 604 Pattee, F. A 603 Payne, W. H ." 601 Pearce, Francis 590 Peck, A. M... 607 Peck, G. H .584 ] Pedgrlft, James 603 t Pesg, E. N 797 Pendleton, Wm. H 797 Pepper, C. T '. 230 Perkins, F. 11 000 Perry, S. M 7H9 Perry, W. H .587 Pe.sc"hUe. F. W 598 Phelps, W. R 796 Philippi, Jacob 605 j Phillips, Louis 590 Phillips, J. S 792 Philp. H. 15 789 Pico, Pio 5B!) Pierce. E. T 796 Pile, W. A 793 Plater, J. E 2.59 Pleasants, J. E 597 Pollard, L. C .591 Ponet, Victor 612 Porter, G. K (!()() Potts, A. W .599 Potts, J. W 131 Powell, J. F 600 I Preston. J. C .592 I Preston, J. N .591 Preston, S. A. J .593 Preuss, E. A 795 | Pridham, Wm 603 Prieto, J. D 596 Prosise, J. R 797 | Pnrdy, V. K 588 Purkins, J. H 790 Putnam, T. H 580 Quesnel, O. 15 008 Kawson, A. M 799 Haynal. Alfred 799 Heed, P. T 800 Heeve, U. J 619 Keichard, J. B 617 Ueider, J. H 379 Kelyea, C. B 610 Kendall, S. A 613 Hequeua, Manuel 36« Reynolds, S. G 608 Rhyne, I. N 613 Rice, George 155 Richards, Miss Kiltie 288 Richards, Peter 020 Richardson, Solomon 615 Rigg, Thomas 227 Rinaldi, C. R 611 Robbins, G. W , 634 Roberts, C. li 614 Roberts. Henry C 010 Roberts, John 613 Robinson, J. W 010 Robinson, Wm. H 803 Rogers, A. C 209 Rogers, J. M 801 Rogers, Sylvester 014 Rommel, Wm 620 Rose, Andrew 798 Rose, L. J 621 Ross, E. jM 683 Ross, Miss Jeanne 284 Ross, Mrs. R. E 799 Rowland, Albert 763 Rowland, John 701 Rowland, Thomas 703 Rowland, Wm. R 762 Ruddock, T. S 618 Ruf, Oito 017 Ruggles, Austin 009 Ruth, P. S 326 Sabichi.F 811 Saenz, J 810 Sainsevain, J. L 814 Salc^Oir 043 Salisbury, S. S 334 Sanders, N. U 639 Sanford, E. M 809 San Jacinto Lime and Lumber Company 786 Sartori. J."F 201 Saum, 1). A 641 Saunders. L 633 . Sa.\on,T. A ....647 .Schenck, J. H 031 Schieck, Daniel (i46 Schloss, Aaron 204 Si lineider, George. . : 805 Silim'ider, John 645 Sihreiher, E 304 Schumacher, John 048 Scott, John 640 Scott, J. K 194 Seaman, W. W 028 Sells, G. W 817 Settle, M. G 807 Severance, M. S 020 Sexton, L.C 034 Shankland, J. H 183 Shaw. Joseph 027 Shaw, Lucien 193 Shawg, W. B U34 Shoemaker, E. T 221 Shorb, A.S 205 Shoib, .). DeBarlh 813 Shore)-, V. II (i;t() Shorev, Philip 043 Shorting, H. F 033 Shrn.ler, E. R 283 Shn.de, D.S 812 Slu-o.le, W. J C3.-. Sikes, Thomas 800 Silent, Charles 170 Slack, W'm 810 Sliiuson, J. S 051 Small, H. E 243 Smith, (;. E 213 Smith, E. B 818 Smith, E. H 235 Smith, F. 1 441 Smith, G.H 193 Smith, II. E 81!) Smith, H. M 193 Smith, James 808 Smith, J. A 639 Smith, L. D 288 Smith, Nicholas 815 Smith, Nelson 037 Smith, T. A 036 Smith, \V. n 038 SnoiUiv, W. M 042 Snviler, Amlrew 041 Soi-aliiee, Eihiljee 029 Souther, VV. M 810 Spahlins;, W. A 030 Spear, W. II 815 Speuce, E. F 028 Spencer, A. J 031 Spencer, A. 803 StatTord, H. F 044 Stamm, A. J 285 Stearns, Abel 3(i9 Steele, C.V 035 Steere, John 809 Stengel, L.J 803 Stephens, A .M 170 Stephens, B. A 0J7 Stephens, C. (^ 048 Stephens, T.J 803 Stewart, J. H 807 Stewart, J. T 220 Slocktcm, I. n 230 Stock well, S. J 025 Stoll, II. W 0-.'5 Stoll.P. C f<00 Stombs,T. A 804 Stone, Jordan 041 Stone, W. C 041 Stovell, Thomas 8(j5 Siowell, N. W 800 Stratton, J. M 093 Slralton, S. M 803 Stratton, \V. A 804 Sire-shlv, O 044 Strohm", Thomas 1808 Stuhr, II. J. A 035 SutclilVe, John 697 Swain, W F 808 SwanleUlt, A. W 040 Swii/.er, C. I' 626 Symes, John 324 Taber, A. G 0.52 Talbot, M.W 814 Tanner, li. U 179 Taylor, A. T S23 Taylor, Eli 6.1 Taylor, J. T 0,53 Temple, F. P. F 055 Temple, John 055 Temple, J. II 057 Templeton, W. A 820 Thorn, C. E ...., 194 Thomas, Albert 835 Thomas, ('. A 080 Thomas, J. M 823 Thompson, Frederick 053 Thompson, L. S 310 Thompson, S. G 053 Throop, A. G 059 Thurman, A. L 651 Thurman, H. M (i49 Thurman, S. D 650 Tibbet, J 821 Tibbetis, J. M 820 Todd, r. S. (J 059 Todhunter, All'red (iOl Townsend, E. I> 241 Townsend, Stephen 821 Treat, C. H 052 Treat, R. B 180 Trussell, A. D 054 Tungate, G. W 6.58 Turner, W. F 061 Ulyard, Augustus 602 Union Iron "Works 825 Valenzuela, Ramon 063 Van der LecU, Lorenz 837 Van Dyke, Waller 167 VanNuys, I. N 666 Van Tassel, N 0(i3 Van Valkenburg. II 063 Vaughn, Claiborne 664 Vawter, E. J 065 Vawter, W. D 006 Velsir, James 836 Venable, J. W N35 Verdaguer, Peter 290 Vickrey, AVm 7-s7 Viereck, J. L 607 Vignes, Louis l:i0 Villinger, John 824 Voigt, A. H 008 Wack, Paul Ofll Wackenhuth, Robeit 6;»3 Wade, W. L 333 Wade, W. P 166 Wahlenmaier, H 075 Waldron, S. A 679 Walker, G. M 829 Wallace, J. C 086 Walter, G. B 830 Ward & Clark 731 Ward, W. B 721 Ward, W. E 158 Warner, J. T 072 Warren, J. W 833. Washburn, Sherman .833 Watkins, E. L 009 Watts, C. H 830 Weaver, Joseph 691 Weber, Henry 833 Webster, 6. l") 0"03 Weil. Jacob 833 Weimer, C. B 832 Weinshank, F. A 675 WeinsUank, G. S 693 Weldon, T.J 673 Weller, S. H 278 Wells, G W 190 Werner, Miss A 384 West, J. C 684 West, J. J 069 West, J. P 668 Westervelt, J. n 695 Westlake, H. W 310 Weston, B. S 829 Weston, H. 834 Wheeler, A. E 333 Wheeler, J. O 694 Whltcorab, G. D 678 White, C. E 689 White, E. E 691 White, I A 838 White, J.M 344 White, S. M 173 White, S.W 681 Wickersham, Isaac. . 682 Wicks, M. L 687 Widney, J. P :.300 Widney, R. M 1()2 Wilder, D. R 243 Wiley, Wm 676 Wilkinson, Wo,Hls(m 83) AVillanl.Cvius 835 Wimaiii^, 'i; avne 832 Willis, K. I! 188 Wills, W. L 234 Wilson, Mrs. Brid!,',-t 691 Wilson, C. N ISO Wilson, J. B 0;o Wilson, J. T 829 Wilson, M. S 671 Wilson, R. H OoO Wilson, Wm. A 676 Wing, H. B 235 Winston, W. II 8J7 Winter, L 693 Wise, K. n .....223 AVchl-Miiann, i;. C 6S0 Woirskill, Will 121 Wolfskil). .1 W 528 W.illskill. Mr-. J. W 529 Wood, J. B 333 Wood, J. E 690 Wood, M. E 077 W.mihvarcl,.!. F 831 Wo,„lw:ll.l, S. k- 834 Wn,„lw.irth, Wallace 680 Wo.ulv, W. M 684 Wo.illac.lt, II .1 692 Wcioster, P. (1 674 Workman, .1. M 683 Wnrkmar.! W. II .."..'. '. '. '.SiO Worlhinmoi,, Henry 208 Wrisht, ('. M ■ 685 Wyatt, II C 682 Wyman, Gritendyke A: Co 743 Yeary, A. C 000 Young, Andrew 6!I5 Zobelein, George 6!)7 PORTRAITS. Aguirre, M.G 701 Barrows, H. D 411 Beaudry, P 372 Bernard, J 707 Bicknell, J. D 171 CONTENTS. Hi,\Iiy, Jotham 7U2 Boal.J. Mills 231 Bonebrake, (i. II 716 Colonel, A. V 425 Coronel, Sefioia M. W. de 426 Dallon, Sr., George 453 Damrou, J. M 177 Davis, Mrs. Mamie Perry 729 Den. R. S 197 Doiuiniruez, Manuel 445 Downev, J. G 447 Edgar, Wm. F 216 Fellows, Isaac 239 Fitzgerald, W. F 737 Forster, Juan 470 Garey, T. A 746 Garvey, Hichard 740 Germain, Eugene 753 Goodwin, L. C ...483 Griffin, J. S 206 Hatch, D. I' 181 Ilollenbeck.J. E T)U Jenkins, C. JI 533 Jones, John 704 Kelly, F. 1' 184 Lankersliini, Isaac 541 Lindley, Millon 546 Long, G. E 564 Mora, Francis 2:n More, Ira 2«1 Mott, S. H 771 Mullally, Joseph 572 Perry, W. H 587 Ponet, Victor 612 Potts, A. W 599 Polls, J. W 131 Hose, L.J 621 Ross, E. M 633 Rowland, John 761 Schumacher, John 618 Vickrey, William 7?7 Warner, J. J Frontispiece. Wells, G. W 190 Wicks, M. L 687 Widn 162 WiM-, 223 Wnir.kii 114 Wollski' 528 Wolfskin, ..irs. J. \V 529 Wyati, II. C 682 ILLUSTRATIONS. A Bird's-eye View of the City of Los Angeles... 2.56 An Ocean View from Santa Mon- ica Reach 335 Los Angeles in 1854 253 Old Baldy in Winter 87 Residence of A. J. Spencer, Esq. 631 The Old Mission Building at Sun Gabriel 27 View from the Ranch of Richard Garvey 740 View of" Santa Cataliua Island.. *lr INTRODUCTORY. % t HISTORY of Los Angeles County in- cludes not only a narration of the acts of -o«o.. mankind and nature which have occurred within its boundaries, but also a relation of those events which, happening elsewhere, have here had results. A complete history would naturally go back to the time when the dry land first rose above the waters, but as there has never been a geological survey of the county, this part of its history remains to be written. Enough is known, however, to say that the Sierra Madre, Ihat chain of mountains which crosses the county in au easterly and westerly direction, are as old as, and in fact are a part of, the Sierra Nevada. And that after these mountains were raised to their present altitude, the gods of air, water and fire have created the topographical face that is now beheld. The whale, whose skeleton was found on the summit of the Santa Monica Mountains, tells of a time whon he lived in the waters above. Then came the recedence of the water and the elevation of the land. In the asphaltum springs, west of Los Angeles, the finding of a saber-shaped tooth of a tiger, long extinct, tells of the ferocious animals which once lived here. The discoveries of the remains of mastodons at Tejunga, Los Angeles, Puente and San Juan By-the-Sea, at a depth of from five to twenty feet below the surface of tJie ground, are the records of a period when the valleys were deeper than they now are, and had a vegetation of snfiicientgrovvth to have sustained these animals. That the Indian made his appearance during the age of the mastodons is proved by the fact that in the bones of these extinct animals found in Missouri are imbedded Indian arrow-heads. After the Indian the white man appeared upon the scene with his written records, and history becomes more certain. It has, therefore, been convenient to divide the history of Los Angeles County into difl^erent epochs. The first natural division gives the pre-historic and historic periods. The pre-his- toric includes accounts of the geological for- mation, and the origin and description of the Indian. The historic embraces the accounts of the white man. In Los Angeles County, as in all California, this last period has three subdi- visions, running from the times of Spanish exploration and occupancy, down through the brief period of Mexican independence, to Amer- ican conquest and development. The following chapters are, therefore, divided as they include respectively the foregoing subjects. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. CHAPTER I. GEOLOGY. fS no full, systematic geologi(ral survey lias ever been made of the southern portion of California, we are unable to compile a sat- isfactory account under this head. MINERALOGICAL NOTES. The following miscellaneous notes are from the last State lieport: San Gabriel Cailon has som.e auriferous gravel scattered about high up on the spurs of the range, similar in its general character to that which ibrnis the great hydraulic mines of more northern counties. There is every reason to believe that these high and ancient auriferous gravels of the San Gabriel Range, and also the great mass of the whole range itself, from the Cajon Pass west nearly or quite to the Los An- geles River, belong to the same geological ages, and derived their origin from the same causes, as those of the western slope of the Sierra Kevada. The amount of denudation which has taken place since these ancient gravels were deposited has, of course, been something enormous, and no man can meas- ure it. To the west of the point where the Santa Ana River issues from the San Bernardino Range, the southern flanks of that range, so far west as the Cajon Pass, are not flanked on the south by any heav}^ body of unaltered tertiary strata, while the southern flanks of Mount San Rernardino itself, to the east of the Santa Ana River, bear very heavy masses of such strata, which rise high against the mountain. Again, from the Cajon Pass west, nearly to the Los Angeles River, the San Gabriel Range itself is not flanked on the south by any such accumu- lations of tertiary rocks. These facts would seem to indicate either that the date of up- heaval of the great mass of the range from the Santa Ana River west to the Los Angeles River was somewhat earlier than that of the upheaval of Mount San Bernardino itself, or else that the amount of denudation which has taken place since the upheaval of these mount- ains has been vastly greater to the west of the Santa Ana River than it has bceti for a great many miles to the east of it. In the Pacoima Canon, on the northeastern side of the San Fernando Valley, some three and a half miles from San Fernando Station, and 800 to 1,000 feet above the valley,' Dr. J. S. Turner has a limestone quarry in the granite. The lower foot-hills here are unaltered shales and sandstones, dipping northerly. The lime- stone itself, at the quarry, is highly crystalline. It seems to vary much in purity, containing UIsrORY OF LO.S ANGELES COUNTY. in places considerate disseminated epidote, and being also here and there irregularly and capri- ciously intermixed with granite. The granite, too, varies much in charactei". Some of it is very feldspathic and contains very little mica, while some of it is full of black mica aud con- tains much magnetic iron. At a point about twelve miles west of San Fernando, Mr. Gilbert has a quarry of sand- stone, which is being used to some extent for building purposes in Los Angeles. It is a medium-grained, light-colored, yellowish sand- stone, of pretty unitorm texture, but too soft to be first-class stone. From San Fernando up the valley of the Arroyo de las Palomas, to within about a mile of the San Fernando Railroad tunnel, all the rocks are unaltered sand stones and shales, the dip in the lower foot-hills being seven- ty-five or eighty degrees to the north; but farther up the rocks are in places greatly disturbed, and heavy bodies of them here dip to the southeast. In a cailon on the northern slope of the range of mountains northeast of the San Fernando Railroad tunnel, and five or six miles south- east of Newhall, there are a number of locali- ties of asphaltum, with more or less seepage-of petroleum in two diiferent gulches; and in the eastern gulch, some 400 or 500 feet above the valley, a large accumulation of asphaltum ex- tends for about a quarter of a mile along tlie bed of the gulch. The seeping oil is black and heavy. The prevailing dip of the rocks here is northwesterly, but some of them dip south or southwest. They occasionally contain pectens and other shells. The bed of the gulch is strewn with granite bowlders from the mount- ains further east. On the south side of this range, and a short distance southeast of the railroad tunnel, a small canon, called Grapevine Canon, runs southerly to the San Fernando Valley. At a point in this cauon, well up toward the head of it, a well was drilled by Mr. Mentey, in 1875, to the depth of 417 feet. Above this well for about a quarter of a mile there is a heavy de- posit of asphaltum, with a very little seepage of heavy black bitumen. The well developed some gas and a considerable stream of water, probably five or six miner's inches, containing a variety of soluble sulphates, but no oil. Three or four miles southeast of this place, and about two miles northw'est of Paeoima Canon, are the limestone quarries of Mr. Wilson, who has been burning more or less lime here for a number of years. The limestone burned here is all crystal- line, and a heavy body of it is enclosed in mica schist and gneissoid rocks. The latter are often curiously intermixed with the Hmestone itself in ways not easily explicable, the whole being very highly metamorphosed. No epidote or graphite was found here during the last survey. Some limestone bowlders here are filled with fossils, not well preserved, and the rock is so compact and hard that it is difticult to obtain good specimens of the fossils. The Padre Mine is situated on the eastern spur of Gleason Mountain, in the Gleason Mountain mining district, about six miles south of Acton Station, on the Southern Pacific Rail- road, and is 6,000 feet above the sea level. The ledge runs northwest and southeast, cropping out for 2,000 feet, and dips northeast into the hill at an angle of about eighty degi'ees. The hanging wall and the foot wall are clay schists. The New York Mine, in the Cedar mining district, is 4,000 feet above the level of the sea. The ledge runs northeast and southwest, and dips to the east. A 200-foot tunnel run- ning in from the west taps the ledge at a depth of 300 feet below the surface, at the extreme northwest end of the claim. At this point the ledge is broken up, and the ore channel filled with conglomerate ledge material. The average width of the ledge is about two and a half feet. The Red Rover Mine, about fifty-five miles north of Los Angeles, is 4,000 feet above the sea. The ledge runs northwest and southeast, and dips to the southwest at an angle of about forty degrees. This mine lies in the center of the Sierra Madre Range, in the low hills, and in the same belt as the New York Mine, being one-fourth ofa mile west of it. HISTORY OP LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. The Silver Mountain mining district is twenty- two miles north of JSIewhall, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, and has an elevation of 3,200 feet above the level of the sea. There is here a large belt of quartzite extending northeast and southwest for several miles in length by two in width. By running cuts and tunnels upon this quartzite a large body of ore was dis- covered, containing silver and lead. Timber is plentiful on the property, and an abundance of water two miles south. The Casteca placer diggings are about forty miles northwest of Los Angeles, ten miles north of Kewhall Station on the Southern Pacilic Railroad, and four miles north of Casteca Station on the branch railroad extending from New- liall to Santa Barbara. The average elevation of this placer area is 1,455 feet. This gold belt lies on the southern slope of the Siei-ra Madre, and extends southeast and northwest for ten miles, and is eight miles in width. The gravel averages ninety feet in depth. The inclination from the highest to the lowest point of gravel averages 150 feet to the mile. The gravel dips to the south, with the bed-rock. This deposit is cut through by numerous small gulches running in all directions, each gulch having been worked in a small way off and on for the last thirty years. The preliminary tests gave an average gold yield of thirty-six cents per cubic yard. These tests were made by a dry washer, which of course does not separate the gold from the clay and lumpy portion of the gravel. Elizal)etli Lake, not far distant, aflbrds an abundant source of water high enough for the highest point of gravel. The San Feliciana placer diggings, between Casteca diggings and Piru Creek, twelve miles northwest of Newhall, are 2,100 feet above sea level. This deposit of gravel, for an ai-ea of four by eight miles in extent, is supposed to average fifteen feet in depth, and is cut through by gulches and canons. Each caiion through- out this area has been more or less worked for the last twelve years. During the period from 1810 to 1840 Jose Bermudes and Francisco Lopez superintended the Mission Lidians in working these gravel deposits. In 1842, finding that these deposits, though worked in a crude manner, paid ex- ceedingly well, the Mexican government was petitioned to consider the territory between Piru Creek and the Soledad Canon, and extending west of the Mojave Desert, mineral land; and that no grant be extended taking in that terri- tory. This petition was granted by the govern- ment. The most extensive mining operations cai'ried on in this belt of gravel were in 1854, when Francisco Garcia took out of the San Feliciana Gulch in one season $65,000 in gold. The reason why this canon was worked more than the others is, that at its head there is a spring that Hows one and a half inches of water. This water M'as used at intervals until twelve years sitice, when W. W. Jenkins se- cured the right of its use, and afier conducting it to a reservoir, employs it for hydraulic pur- poses. It is stated that the yield is sixty- five cents per cubic yard for gravel washed. At the juncture of Palomas Canon and Sheep Creek, behind a bowlder extending out from a belt, a prospector found one piece of gold that was worth $1,900. Every rainy season Mexi- cans can be seen in Palomas Canon prospecting for gold. In 1882 J. R. Holmes placered in Cave Canon, which connects with the San Feliciana, and wcrked 200 cubic yards of gravel, which yielded $1 per cubic yard. So far as this gravel belt has been examined, both on the high hills and down in the canons, the gravel seems to be free from large bowlders. The black sand containing the gold is composed of magnetic iron and iron oxide. The bed-rock is slate. Besides many substances which are of special scientific interest to the chemist and the min- eralogist, the following is a list of the useful substances properly classed as mineral products, found in the county: Gold, silver, copper, coal, asphaltum, graphite, iron, tin, limestone, build- ing stone, clay, mineral paint, gypsum, borate of lime, silica, kaolin, petroleum, borax, epsom HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. salts, nitrate of soda and salt. Mineral waters of various kinds arre plentiful, including hot, cold and sulphur waters. Near Lang's Station, in the northern part of tlie county, there is a large deposit of chrome iron, free from sulphur, which is considered valuable for the manufact- ure of paint. Large deposits of malachite, or carbonate of copjjer, have been found in the San Fernando Mountains and along the Arroyo Seco. Gjpsnm exists within twenty miles of Los Angeles. The varieties known as alabaster and selinite are found. This mineral is said to be very useful in reclaiming alkali land. The water which flows from the San Fernando tunnel con- tains, l>y analysis, 30.6 per cent of gypsum. A salt lake, fed by salt springs, is located near the sea, between San Pedro and Santa Monica, and can be utilized in the manufacture of salt of excellent quality. The San Gabriel Silver Mines in the canon of that name, twenty-live miles from Los Angeles, have produced as rich silver ore as has ever been found in the State. Clay for brick is plentiful. Large tracts of the lowlands abound in soda. There are traces of quicksilver in the San Fernando Valley, but no ledge of the metal has yet been discovered. There is a ledge of sulphide of antimony seven miles northwest of Los Angeles. There are deposits of mineral paint of several colors on the seashore near Santa Monica. The coal oil properties of Newhall and Puente will be noticed subsequently. The topography of Los Angeles County might be likened to a terraced mountain, upon which are three grand benches or planes, slightly inclined of course, the foot of the lower one being washed by the ocean. From the northern boundary of the county rise the Sierra Nevada, which, though they are not the snowy mountains here that they are further north, attain the respectable elevation of 7,000 feet. The flrst grand terrace is Antelope Valley, which has a general elevation of 2,000 feet, and is about fifty miles long east and west, and some thirty miles wide north and south. This valley was undoubtedly at one time an inland lake, whose waters held in solution the borax and soda that are now deposited on a consid- erable portion of its soil. The valley is shut in on tlie east from the Mojave Desert by a low line of hills known as the Lovejoy Buttes. Portions of the valley have a dense growth of yucca and cactus. The western part is very fer- tile. On its southern side is a high range of mountains, known as the Sierra Madre, which traverse the county east and west at an ele- vation of about 6,000 feet. These mountains are often called by a variety of local names, such as San Fernando, San Gabriel, or San Bernardino, according to the residence of the speaker. Their geological formation and gen- eral configuration show them to be of the same range as the Sierra Nevada, though not so high, and a part of the same range which constitutes the backbone of the California Peninsula, and are properly the Sierra Madre or mother mount- ains. Old Baldy, one of the highest peaks of this range, is partly in Los Angeles County, and has an altitude of about 9,000 feet, and has snow on its summit during the rain season. South of the Sierra Madre is the middle of these three grand terraces, and has an elevation from 500 to 1,000 feet above the sea level. From its location close beside these mount- ains and its elevation above the range of ocean fogs, it enjoys a particularly fine climate. Three spurs of hills from the mountains enclose and divide it into grand valleys. On the west are the Santa Susanna Hills; on the east are the Puente Hills, while the San Rafael Spur cuts it in two, leaving the San Fernando Valley on the west and the San Gabriel Valley on the east. On the southern edge of this grand middle terrace is a range of hills, quite low, east of Los Angeles City, but attaining a respectable eminence on the west, where they are known as the Santa Monica Mountains. These last constitute the s(Mithern border of San Fernando Valley. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNT Y. The lower terrace, which runs down to the sea, is also divided into valleys. The one to the north is known as the Santa Monica Valley, and is triangnlar-shaped, the base of which may be said to lie along the ocean front about ten miles, while the apex is about fifteen miles east, among the Los Angeles Hills. To itsnorth is, the San Fernando Valley, while on the south between it and the Los Angeles Valley, is at first a low divide, which culminates in the Palos Verdes Hills of the San Pedro Peninsuhi. The Los Angeles Valley is a plain that is about twenty miles wide and forty miles long, extending over into Orange County. Santa Catalina Island, thii-ty-fivc to forty miles southwest of Los Angeles, is twenty- three miles long, and two to four wide, and is almost in two sections, a depression only thirty feet high con- necting them. They are 3,000 feet high. Nice little harbors exist around the island, and upon it are beautiful valleys, mineral springs, wells of good water, etc. "Wild goats are still here, and fish and natural curiosities abound along the shore, and the island is a popular summer resort. It is eighteen miles from shore, and is now the property of an English syndicate. There are several sections which are denomi- nated as valleys and have separate names. The " Pomona Valley " is that portion of the great San Bernardino Valley lying within the eastern boundary line of Los Angeles County. The "Cahuenga Valley" is that portion of the Santa Monica Valley immediately sheltered by the hills of Cahuenga Pass. The Los Angeles River rises about twelve miles northwest of the city of Los Angeles and flows easterly to the city, turning thence to the south; the remaining waters, after supplying the irrigating ditches, sink inside the city limits. In time of high water, however, the stream flows farther, joining the old San Gabriel River seven miles from the ocean. Its ancient course to the sea was via the Cienega and La Ballona. Tlie San Gabriel River has two principal sources in the Sierra Madre Mountains, the North Fork and the East Fork. The former rises in township 2 north, range 12 west, and flows easterly through three townships into range 9 west, where it forms a junction with the latter, flowing south through three townships from its head, in township 3 north, range 9 west. From thence its main channel is south to the ocean. Draining a greater mountain area, its stream is much larger and longer, and also more constant than the Los Angeles River. Numerous other streams exist in the county, wliich, though quite small and apparently in- significant, are nevertheless valuable contributors to the value of the land. The coast line of Los Angeles County ex- hibits two large indentations, geographically de- fined as bays, and designated on the map as Santa Monica and San Pedro. One of them (San Pedro) has for years ranked as the leading port of California, outside of San Francisco, and with the completion of the harbor improve- ments now in progress and contemplated, its possibilities will be greatly augmented. The inner bay of San Pedro, better known as Wil- mington Slough, with an area of between 1,100 and 1,200 acres, had a narrow entrance at La Goleta, between the main land and Rattlesnake Island. From Rattlesnake Island to Dead Man's Island, about one mile and one-fourth, the Bay of San Pedro had but little depth, except in a narrow channel near to and north of Dead Man's Island. Timms' Point, one-half mile from Dead Man's Island, was the nearest mainland. The facts in the ibllowing paragraphs are mainly compiled from D.r. J. P." Widney's article in the book entitled "The California of the South:" While the Pacific Coast, in respect to some climatic features, is somewhat uniform througli- out its extent, the climate of Southern California has some marked difl'erences from that of the other sections. As one comes by sea from the northwest and turns into the Santa Barbara Channel he suddenly emerges from a region of ehillv fog into one of sunshine. The direction HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. of the currents in the ocean and the mountain ranges on land is snch as to cause a striking change in climate as one approaches this part of the country from tlie north. Tiie Sierra, which from Alaska south follows the general trend of the coast, turns eastward, walling in the country from the north, and then turning south- ward again with a great curve, walls it in again on the inclement east side. The land which in Northern California faced off westward to tlie sea now faces southward toward the sun. On the part of the sea, the current from the north is left far to the westward by the eastward turn of the coast, and even kept still farther out by a chain of islands, while a warm current emerges from the south near the shore, within the islands. The interior plain of Southern California thus affected comprises the long reach which includes the San Fernando Valley, the Pasadena country, the valley of the San Gabriel River, the Pomona and Ontario uplands, the valley of the Santa Ana River, in which lie Colton, the San Bernardino country and Riverside, and the long plains of San Jacinto River southward. Unlike the in- ward plain of Central California, it is very irregular in outline, branching out in many directions, and often merging, almost insensibly, into rolling upland mesas. This plain, with its irregular windings, is abo\:t 200 miles in length, with a width averaging from thirty to fifty miles. The whole country is therefore a great Ojjen coastland facing the south, and with the high Sierra for a background. The Sierra, which north of the so-called Mo- jave Desert makes a great curve westward around the south end of the San Joaquin Plain, turns southward again opposite Santa Barbara and Ventura counties, and, doubling back upon its course, walls in the west end of the desert, then, turning directly eastward, separates the desert from the Los Angeles and San Bernardino plains. Turning southward again, it stands as a wall between the Colorado desert and the west part of San Diego County. The range varies in height from 5,000 to 7,000 feet, witii peaks reaching from 8,000 to 13,000 feet. There are several })asses in these Sierra which are less than 3,000 feet in altitude; and this feature has a perceptible influence upon the climate in tliis portion of the State. The Mojave Desert, with an area of several thousand square miles, aver- ages about 2,000 feet above sea level, while the Colorado Desert, with a less area and lying op- posite the passes leading eastward, has some of its 8iirf\ice'350 feet below the level of the sea. The term "winter," with the associations it has in the minds of the eastern people, is not applicable in California. Even the term "rainy season" conveys the idea of too much rain; the phrase " rain season " might be better, signifying that portion of the year during which there is some rain. The cause of the "dry season" is evi- dently the excessively heated air of the interior plains, which absorb and carry away all the moisture brought thither from the sea, while the current from the sea meets with no cold air to condense its freight of moisture until the sun has nearly reached its southern tropic, in No- vember. The counter- trades of the North Pacific Coast, following the sun southward during the autumn, reach the coast of Southern California shortly after the rains have begun in the northern por- tion of the State. The first rain may come anywhere from the middle of October until the middle of Noveml»er. A south wind conies in fi'oin the sea; clouds bank up along the southern horizon, and then about the mountain tops, and broken, rainy weather lasting for several days follows, during which time the precipitation amounts to from two to three inches. The first rain may also give snow in the mountains, but not always, nor to any great depth. After three or four weeks ot clear, pleasant weather comes another rain, much like the first, and this time generally with a decided snowfall in the mountains, as the temperature is con- siderably lower. These rains clear the atmos- phere of much of its dust, so that mountains many miles away seem near enough to approach in a morning's drive. With the coniino- of the HISTOBT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. rains the land begins to turn green from the sj)ringing grasses. About the latter part of December may be expected one of the heavy winter storms. Set- ting in with a strong south wind from the sea, laden with moisture, this is condensed by the cooler air of the mountains and uplands, and rains fall for a week or more, in almost daily showers, which come mainly during the after- noon and night. The precipitation may amount to six or eight inches. On the mountains it will be snow. January is often a month of clear skies, and to many the pleasantest portion of the year, as the air seems to be fresher and more bracing. In February another storm, like that of De- cember, may be expected; then scattering rains, of two or three days' duration, at intervals of several weeks, through March and April, and then the " rain season " is over. The annual average precipitation at Los An- geles is eighteen inches, while along the base of the mountains back of the plains it is thirty to forty inches. The amount of rain per year therefore varies greatly, from almost noTie on the plains in the interior to forty inches or more about the coast mountains, whose cold summits iirst capture the moisture from the warm currents fresh from the sea. Northward, the rainfall at Visalia averages only lOi inches; at Stockton, 15; Sacramento, 19; San Francisco, 24; Portland, Oregon, 53; and Sitka, 110. _ To compare with principal States in the east, we will mention that the average precipitation in Lake States is about 30 inches, and at Mobile and Pensacola about 60 inches. The reason that Los Angeles County has more rain than the counties just north is the peculiar configura- tion of the coast line and the mountain ranges. But here there are only about forty rainy days in the year. In common with the whole Pacific Coast, the shore line of Southern California has, from May to September, the night fog, •which comes rolling down from the sea in the evening, and remains in the form of clouds just overhead until nine or ten o'clock the next morning. This fog, as such, however, does not always come from the sea; for often it is formed from the cold air above coming down in masses amid the moist warm air upon the ground. This fog is not so chilly and disagreeable as that further north, while it in a manner serves instead of the rain season, as to its effect upon vegeta- tion. The "percentage" of humidity (invisible moisture) in the atmosphere at Los Angeles is 68, San Diego 71 San Francisco 76, Mojave and Colorado deserts probably 60 or below, Yuma 43, Salt Lake 44, New Orleans 79, Florida 75, and New York 72. Following the same lines across the continent for comjiarison, the average number of cloudy days per year is found to be at New York 119, Salt Lake 88, San Francisco 79; on the more southern line, Florida 51, New Orleans 97, Yuma 14, Los Angeles 51, and San Diego 85. On the Pacific Coast the winds are more reg- ular than in any region east of the Sierra. The winds here are never as violent as they often are at every point in the east, but neither is there so great an extent of dead calm. Nearly always there is a gentle current, never a de- parture from this. The sea breeze starts in upon the land about the middle of the day, and the land breeze sets in to sea during the night and continues until nine or ten o'clock the next morning. The northeast trade wind is an upper dry current, off-shore, dropping down at night to become the oft'-shore land breeze. While it is on high, the sea breeze is coming in landward. Thus the stagnant, life- less air of the heated spells of the Atlantic Slope and of the Mississippi Valley is here an impossibility. From a table of observations taken during the last twelve years, it is found that the lowest temperatures for the winter months were from 28° to 42°, and the highest, for the warmer months, 81° to 105°; but during that period the thermometer rose above 100° only 12 days, and above 90° 168 days. Half of those days, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. however, were in September and October! It was below 32° only seven days. The maximum velocity of the wind ranged from seventeen to forty-six miles per hour, but was over twenty-five miles per liour only forty- three times. The daily movement ranged from 100 to 183 miles — that is, the average move- ment just over the tops of buildings ranged from a slow walk, by a man or horse, to a fair trot. ^^ HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ^'^^^'^^^^f^^^ff^^^lf^ ^^&@##=>^ ir THE ABORIGINES. "| Ik' . 'M t chaptp:r II, THE ORIGIN OF THE INDIAN. |ID the Indian originate on the continent of Linerica, or did he come from the great tic home of the race? There are facts which seem to point to the latter question as the one that should be answered in the affirmative. Four hundred years ago both of the continental Americas were thickly inhabited by them, from the British possessions on the north to Tierra del Fuego on the south. Mexico and Peru were even the seats of an advanced civilization, and they themselves had been pre- ceded by other civilizations so remote that they rival . the most ancient of Greece or Egypt. They are to be read in the mounds of the Missis- sippi Valley, the ruins of Arizona, Mexico, Central America, and further south. These objects carry the mind back of the ei-a of the white man, with his written records, back of the time of the Montezuma, with his painting and his priests, back and beyond the time when even the foundations of the Oasa Granda were not yet laid nor the mounds were surveyed. There is even sugi^ested to the mind a time when the whole country was without a soul living in all the broad space from Behring's Strait to Cape Horn. How, then, came the Indian to people all this vast waste? The following facts are sub- mitted for what they arc worth, as perhaps throwing some light upon the question. 1. Numerous instances are extant of the ship- wrecks of Chinese and Japanese junks upon the Pacific Coast. Washington Irving in his Astoria, mentions the circumstance of a Chinese junk having been wrecked near the mouth of the Columbia River jn-ior to the year 1812, part of the crew of which was living. The Fiat-head Indians killed all the men and appropriated the women for wives, so at least a part of the Indian race in that section are of Asiatic origin. Titus Fej Cronise, in his Natural Wealth of California, records a similar instance. The Chinamen said that their vessel had been dismasted in a typhoon off the Chinese Coast, and that they had drifted for seventeen months on the water, sub- sisting on their cargo of rice and what fish they could catch and what rain water they could save. J. Ross Browne notes the wreck of a Japanese junk that was found on the coast of Lower Cali- fornia. 2. In the Pacific Ocean there is a great "gulf stream," so to speak, that flows around from the Asiatic Coast to America, a stream that is much greater than the one in the Atlantic, and as fully defined in power. It was in this stream that the wrecks above noticed floated to America, and actually added to its population. The query may now be put. How long have these additions been going on ? If the answer be, as long as China- men have had boatF, then there is a f;ict number. HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. 3. "Very old is the Chinese civilization, defi- nitely known at least for 3,000 years. Long ago they had not only boats but the mariner's com- pass; it was possible for them to have navigated the peaceful ocean. If, in the inexorable law of change, civilization never stands still, then dur- ing the great Chinese civilization that was, it is not only possible but probable that the Chinese did navigate the Pacific. Let there be no begging of the question; identical languages would not be spoken by autocthons on opposite sides of unnavigable waters. 4. Several vocabularies which have been compiled show the identity of some of the Indian languages of California with the Chinese. On no stronger argument than the sirailiarity of languages is the kinship claimed of the difl'erent Indo-European races. It is not asserted that all Indians are dt Asiatic origin. Strong claims are made by the Welsh and Norwegians that they had American colonies in pre-Columbian times, while in the theories of some the island of Atlantis also plays a prominent part. The in- fusion of the blood of thesepre-historicEuropean immigrants, if there were such, into the truly aboriginal stock, may account for the superiority of the eastern and southern Indians over those of the Pacific Coast. Be all that as it may, when the Spaniard came, the valleys of California were filled with Indians. Most that is known of the Los Angeles County Indians comes from the pen of Perfecto Hugo Reid, a Scotchman, who spent many years among them. It has been thought best to give his writings in full. His letters were first published in the Los Angeles iou him nahacua, 1 heard. 0-a him uahacua. Thou heardest. Maiie him uahacua. He or sJie heard. Nop uom uahacua, I shall hear. O-pam uahacua. Thou shalt hear. Maue-pom uahacua. He or she shall hear. UsriTEK in. " The Santa Inez tongue is undei"stoovl by the ludiaus of the Furissima, Santa Barbara* and Sau Buenaveutura, with this difference, that the two latter !4,>lutter their words a little more, which almost seems impossible. The I is used in this tongue, although not iu the Gabrielino, which is strange. The only word in the Gabriel tongue which has au Zis au in- terjection, aiala^ eq^ual to our <.^A<.>.' The Ser- ranos have no I either, in use, and their language is as ea tuick: his or her father, a nuck. If they had children, instead of saying ut asum^ my husband, they otten say /** ttiliai^uiiu which may be translated 'part of my body." All brothers older than the speaker are styled ajta; »M apa^ my brother; all younger, by ap^Usy my younger brother. Thev have no word to ex- press Indian. Taftat signifies people. The whites are termed cAu-hi/m^ro. reasonable be- ings. Face and eyes are e.xpressed by the same word. Ear. nanah: rhe leaves of a tree are called its ears. Snow and ice are the same*. Tobuynar, the whole earth ; lahur^ a portion of it, a piece of land. Caller^ forest. No word to signity tree; all varieties have their special names. Cadittcho. good-looking. Zi^ii, devil, an evil spirit. Qtttt-o-ar. God. Held in great reverence, and the name was seldom pronounced among tliem. They generally used the term i'-yt>-/«a-r*iV(/»««a, that which gives us life. LETTKK V. GOVEKSXBST, I^WS- A>"D PlSISHMBjrT. " The goveniment of the people was in the hands of the chiefs, each captain cv)mmauding his own lodge. The command was hereditary in a family, descending from tather to son, and from brother to brother. If the right line of descent ran out, they immediately elected one of the same kin nearest in blood. Laws in general were made as they vrere required, with the exception of some few standing ones. Rob- bery and thieving were unknown among them; and murder, which was of rare occurrence, was punished by shooting the delinquent with arrows until dead. Incest wats held in d©^ abhorrence and punished with death; even mar- riages between kinsfolk were not alloMwd. The manner of death Mfas by shooting with arrows, "■ All pris<.>uers of war were invariably put to death, atler being tormented in a most cruel manner. This was done in presence oi" all the chiefs; for as war was declared and conducted by a council of the whole> so they had to attend to the e.xecution of enemies in commou. A war dance on such an occasion was tlierefore g^r&ud, solemn and maddening. The war-clubs were all made ot' hard, heavy wood, and some of them were siigiitiy ornamented.' " If a quarrel ensued between two parties, the chiefs of the lodge cook c<^nizauce iu the case .-uhi decided according to the teistimoay produced. But if a quarrel resulted bet«reen • TtM wool M ;be praMot :ibw is Hi u- iiisroin or i.< jiiirtios of tlistunt l<»l,i;cs. oiuOi cUwf lioaid llio vvitiicssos pioil 1100(1 hy Iii8 own ]uojilc, riiid tlien, in oouiu'il with tlie diiefs of tlif otlior side, tlioy jmssod si'titiMU-o. Slioiilti tlioy disa- gri'o, iinollicr cliiof, iinpaitinl, was called in, who hoard tho statonienis inado by tho two captains, and he docidod alono. There was no appeal from his decision. Whippinj; was never re- sorted lo as a punishntont, restitution being invarialily niaiie for damages sustained in money, food and skins. " If a woman proved nnf.'iillil'iil to her hus- band and lie eaiij;ht lier in the aet, he had a ri-rht lo put her to death, if he chose, without any interference by any of the tri!>e. 15ut what was more j;enerally practictd, lie iiiliM'inecl the ]iaraniour he was at liberty to ktcp her, and then he look possession of the other's spouse. The exchange was admitted as legal by all con- cerned, and the paramour would not object. " .MthoUirh they counted by n\oons, still they had ai\other mode for long periods, which was to reckon fidin the lime the sun was farthest north till lie was at his southern extremity, and then back again. Summer was counted from the time frog.^ were first heard to croak. This W!>s used to count war scrapes by, and under the recolleclion t)f the chief. When other tribes had to be chastised, the chief sent an exjiress to all other lodges. The}' brought up from children a number of males, who were taught to hear !on KAIMKNT. "Tlic animal food used by the Gabrielinos consisted of deer meat, young coyotes, squirrels, badgers, rats, gophers, skunks, raccoons, wild- cats, small crow, blackbirds, hawks and snakes, with the excej)tion of the rattlesnake. A few ate of the bear, but in general it was re- jected, on superstitious grounds. A large lo- cust or a grasshopper was a fav<)rite morsel, roasted on a stick at the lire. Fish, ijuails, seals, sea otter and shell-lish formed the prin- cipal subsistence of tho immediate coast range lodges and islanders. Acorns, after being di- vested of the shell, were dried and pounded in stone mortars, put into lilterers of willow- twigs, worked into a conical form and raised on little sand mounds, which were lined inside with two inches of sand; water added and mixed up, filled up again and again with more water, at first hot and then cold until all the bitter prin- ciple was extracted; the residue was then col- lected and washed free of any sandy particle it might contain; on settling, the water was poured ofl"; on being boiled it became a sort of mush, and was eaten when cold. Tlie next favorite food was the kernel of a species of plum, which grows in the mountains and isl- ands. It is sometimes called the mountain cherry, although it partook little of either, having a large stone wrapped in liber and pos- sessing little pulp. This, cooked, formed a very nutritious, rich, sweet aliment, and looked much ! like dry frijoles. Chia, which is a small, gray, I oblong seed, was procured from a plant ap- I parently of the thistle kind, having a number of I seed vessels on a straight stalk, one above the other, like sage. This, roasted and ground, made a meal which was eaten, mixed with cold water, being of a glutinous consistence and very j cooling. Pepper seeds were also much used; I likewise the tender tops of wild s^\ge. Salt was HISTOBY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. used sparingly, as they considered it having a tendency to turn tlie hair gray. All their food was eaten cold or nearly so. "The men wore no clothing. The women of the interior wore a short waist skirt of deer- skin, while those of the coast had otter-skin. Covering for sleeping consisted of rabbit-skin quilts. The women wore earrings, the men passing a piece of cane or reed through the ear lobe. The earrings of the women were com- posed of four long pieces of whale's tooth, ground smooth and round, about eight inches in length, and hung, with hawks' feathers, from a ring of abalone sliell. Their necklaces were very large and heavy, and consisted of their money beads, of beads made of black stone, and pieces of whale's teeth, ground round and pierced. They used bracelets of very small shell-beads on both wrists." [The black beads referred to are made of dark, greenish black serpentine, some specimens resembling diorite excepting as to hardness. They vary in size, the smallest one measuring about one-fourth of au inch in diameter, and one- eighth in thickness, and the largest known to the writer measures seven-eighths of an inch in diameter and one and a half inches in length. The perforation in this specimen is one-fourth of an inch in diameter, and presents transverse stria3 caused by the sand used in drilling. The shell beads were usually made of Haliotis and Trivola. Shell money-beads were flat, and about one-third of an inch in diameter. Other beads used for necklaces were cylindrical or sub- cylindrical, larger in the middle than to>\ard either end. Many of them, found in graves, present the same style of delicate perforations as we find in the beads from Santa Cruz Island. The writer is of the opinion that these narrow perforations were made by njeans of sea-lion's whiskers as drills, and extremely tine silicious dust. The channels are scarcely large enough to admita good-sized thread, and in several beads which have split lengthwise it is apparent that drilling was done at both ends, as the perfora- tions cease a short distance beyond the middle of the bead, thus passing one another, perhaps less than the tenth of an inch. It is evident, from the appearance of other unfinished speci- mens, that the boring was begun by using a stone drill, — of which many and various forms occur, — after which the bristle was applied. The channels are slightly conical toward the outer end, and at about one-fourth the length of the shell there is a constriction beyond which and near the middle of the bead the channel again becomes wider, assuming an elliptical form. * * * A body was recently discovered on Santa Cruz Island, with wiiich was obtained a bunch of these bristles carefully wrapped from end to end. Furthermore, it is well known that Chinamen on the Pacific Coast purchase all the bristles of the sea-lion that can be obtained, pay- ing twenty-five cents apiece therefor, to be pre- pared and sold as toothpicks. Most of the shells required for iise were ob- tained at the Santa Catalina Islands. These, as well as the islands opposite Santa Barbara, are fine localities for Haliotis shells even at this time. The serpentine used in making beads, ollas and large rings was also obtained at the islands first named.] LETTER VII. MAREIAGES. "Chiefs or captains had one, two or three wives, as their inclinations dictated: their sub- jects only one. When a person wished to marry, and had selected a suitable partner, he advertised the same to his relations. On the day ap- pointed, the male portion of the lodge and male relations living at other lodges brought in their contributions of shell-bead money, gen- erally to the value of twenty-five cents each. The contribution ready, tiey proceeded in a body to the residence of the bride, where all her relations were assembled. The money was then divided equally among them, the bride receiving nothing, as it was a purchase. After a few days, the bride's female relations returned the compliment- in taking to the bridegroom's dwell- ing baskets of meal made of chia, which was distributed among his malee rlations. Tliese IIISrOBT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. preliminaries over, a day was fixed for the ceremony, wliicli consisted in decking out tlie bride witii innumerable strings of beads, paint and skins. Being ready, she was taken up in the arms of one of the strongest of the tribe who carried her, dancing, toward lier sweetheart's habitation, all htr family connections dancing round and throwing food and edible seeds at her feet at every step, which were collected by the spectators as best they could in a scramble. The relations of the groom came and met them, taking away tlie bride from the carrier, and doing the duty themselves as likewise joining in the ceremonious walking dance. On arriving at the bridegroom's lodge, who was within wait- ing, the bride was inducted into her new resi- dence, placed beside her husband, and baskets of seeds emptied on them to denote blessing and plenty. These were likewise scrambled for by the spectators, who, in gathering up all the '•seed-cake" departed, leaving them to enjoy their honeymoon according to usage. The bride never visited her relations from that day forth, but was at liberty to receive their visits. "Should the husband beat the wife and ill- treat her, she gave advice of it to her lodge, when her relations collected all the money which had been paid at her marriage, took it in depu- tation to the husband's lodge, left it with him and 'led off the wife, whom they married im- mediately to anothei-. LETTER VIIl. HIKTU AND BDKIAL. "Immediately on ihe birth of a child, the mother and infant were purified, in the follow- ing manner: In the center of a hut a large hole was dug, and an immense fire was kindled in which large stones were heated until red-hot. When nothing remained but hot Cmbers and the stones, bundles of wild tansy were heaped on the same and covered all over with earth, with the exception of a small chimney or aperture. The mother had then to stand over the aperture with her child wrapped up in a mat, flannel fash- ion. Water was tiien poured by degrees in at the opening, which caused immense quantities of steam or vapor, causing the patient to hop and skip a little at first and provoked profuse perspiration afterward. When no more steam was procurable, the mother and child lay down on the heap, covered up, until the steaming was renewed again. Three days was the term of purification, morning and evening being the times of sweating. No food was allowed the mother during that time, and her drink (water) was warmed. She was now allowed to eat of everything at discretion, with the exception of animal food, which was debarred her for two months. Her diet at length complete, three pills were prepared of the size of a musket-ball, composed of one part of meat and one part of wild tobacco. These swallowed, she was allowed to eat meat; but she was not permitted to share her husband's bed until the child was able to run. "When a person died, all the kin cullected to lament and mourn his or her loss. Each one had his own peculiar mode of crying or howling, and one co.uld be as easily distinguished from the other as one song from another. After lamenting awhile, a mourning dirge was sung in a very low tone, accompanied by a shrill whistling, by blowing into deers' bones. Danc- ing can hardly be said to have formed a part of their rites, as it was merely a monotonous action of the foot by stamping on the ground. This was continued until the body showed signs of decay, when it was wrapped up in its covering with the hands across the breast and tied from hand to foot. A grave having been dug in their burial place, the body was interred according to the means of the family, by throwing in seeds, etc. If deceased was the head of the family, or a favorite son, the hut was set fire to, in which he died, and all of his goods and chattels burned with it, reserving only some article with which to make a feast at the end of twelve months." [Between Los Angeles and the coast, near San Pedro, gravestones were erected to the mem- ory of the deceased, or perhaps simply to identify the location of the bod}', so that his friends might come to offer food, and to mourn. On HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. oue specimen are etchings resembliiif^ the figure of a whale, evidently carved there to show that the deceased had been a fisherman or a whale- hunter. Among the Innuits of Southern Alaska a similar custom prevails.] LETTER IX. MEDICINE AND DISE.-VSICS. [In the following letter the terra "shaman" would be more appropriate than " medicine man." The seer was an individual whose pro- fession was distinct from that of the shaman. In some tribes there are rain -makers, etc. Dur- ing the performance of religious or professional ceremonies the shaman resorts to many and various utterances and movements not under- stood by the uninitiated. Rattlers, small dried animals or skins, curiously shaped vegetable growths, rare sparkling minerals and wrought stones of odd forms are employed as fetiches. Among the last named the writer found both oblong and pyriform polished stones, sucli as have hitherto been considered and described as "plummets, plumb-bobs, sinkers and weights." An old Tobikhar said that such stones would rec^uire too much time and labor to be used only to be cast into the sea. The Indians term them " medicine stones," and consider them as pos- sessing medical properties. That the shaman also prepared arrow poison, there is no doubt. Nearly all the tribes be- tween the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mount- ains had more or less knowledge of plants, insects or other materials, which rendered it capable of producing septicaemia in any person or animal wounded thereby.] " Medicine men were esteemed as wizards or seers; for they not only cured disease, but caused disease and poisoned people, made it rain when required, consulted the Great Spirit and received answers, changed themselves into the form of diverse animals and foretold coming events. The medicine man collected the poison for dip- ping the heads of arrows. Fire was supposed to destroy its hurtful properties; consequently the flesh of animals so killed were eaten without any misgivings. The seers pretended not only to know poisons whicli destroyed life by giving it internally, but also others which the simple touch was sufficient to produce the desired effect; and that some were instantaneous, and that others required one, two or even twelve months before action took effect. " Rhenmatisra comprised nearly all the general complaints. Syphilis was unknown. [It must, however, have made its appearance among them at a very early day. | Toothache seldom troubled them. Rheumatism was treated by applying a string of blisters, each the size of a dime, to the affected part. The fur off the dry stalks of nettles was used for blistering. This was rolled up, compressed and applied with saliva; then fire was applied, when it burned like punk. As one was extinguished another was lit. For lumbago, they drank of a sweating herb and lay down for twenty or thirty hours in hot ashes. Fever was treated by giving a large bolus of wild tobacco mixed with lime of shells, causing vomiting, besides other herbs and manipulations of the seer. " Local inflammation was scarified with pieces of sharp flint and procuring as much blood as possible from the part. Paralysis, stagnation of the blood, etc., was treated by whipping the part or limb with bunches of nettles for an hour or two, likewise drinking the juice of thorn- apple, which caused ebriety for two or three days. Decline (of rare occurrence) was treated by giv- ing the cooked meat of the mud turtle for a period of time. "Shell lime wus well known, but none made from limestone. For an emetic, it was mixed with wild tobacco and taken immediately in liohis; but in a more agreeable form it was ])ininded up and formed into a cake, and used in fragments as required. "Strangury was treated by sweating, as in the lying-in woman, only marsh mallows were employed instead of tansy; then a large bolus of chewed tobacco produced general laxation and prostration, which often produced relief at once. If this failed, drawing blood by sucking the abdomen immediately above the bladder hardly HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ever failed to give relief. Tliis operation was performed with a great many rites prior to the suction, such as smoking to the Great Spirit, pressure and frotation [sicj of the abdomen with the hands, and a song at the end of every verse, concluded with the words. Nod im ma noc ni mainoc, Won im mainoc ni mainoc, Yobare ; I do what I am doing, I do wliat I am doing, O Church ! " Bites of snakes were cured by the applica- tion of ashes and herbs to the wound, and the same, with tine dust found at the bottom of ants' nests, given internallj'. lied clay was sometimes applied to the hair, covering it all over and allowing it to remain for twenty-four hours, when it was washed off, to prevent the hair from splitting. Chilicotes were burnt to charcoal and applied morning and evening to cure baldness. LErXEE X. TRADITION. " There were seven brothers who married seven sisters, — according to their respective ages, — who lived in a large hut together. The husbands went daily to hunt rabbits, and the wives to gather flag-roots, for food. The husbands invariably returned first, and on the wives' arrival reported always bad luck in hunt- ing, with the exception of the youngest brother, who invariably handed his wife a rabbit. Consequently the poor women fared badly in regard to animal food. This continued as a daily occurrence for a length of time, until in a conference held by the women they ex- pressed a conviction of being cheated by their husbands, declaring it strange that with the sole exception of the youngest husband nothing was ever killed. At the same time, to find out the truth, they agreed that tlie youngest should remain at home the following day under pretense of toothaclie and watcii the return of the party. Next day tiio men as usual took their bows and arrows and set forth. Tlie six sisters then departed, leaving the other hidden among flags and rushes at the back of the house, in such a position as to command a view of everything transacted within. Several hours before sunset the hunting party returned laden with rabbits, which they commenced roasting and eating, with the exception of one, which the youngest put apart. The others called him a fool, telling him to eat the rabbit, which, how- ever, he refu.-*ed to do, saying he esteemed his wife a little and always intended to reserve one for lier. ' More fool yon,' said the others; ' we care more for ourselves than for them.' " The feast concluded, the bones were carefully gathered together and concealed in a suitable place outside. After some time, the youngest wife arose and presented herself in the hut, to the surprise of the males, who asked her where she came from. ' I have been asleep at the back of the house,' answered she, ' and I have only this minute awoke, having had to remain behind from toothache.' After a while the women came home, who ran to their sister asking for her health. They soon found opportunity to leave the hut and learn the results of the espion- age, besides visiting the place where the bones were deposited. They cried very much, and talked over what they should do. ' Let us turn to water,' said the eldest. This was objected to by all the rest, saying that their husbands would then drink them, which would never do. The second proposed that they should turn into stones, which was likewise rejected, because they would be trod upon. The third wanted them to turn into trees; rejected, as their husbands would use them for fire- wood; and so on until it came to the turn of the youngest, who pro- posed that they should change tiiemselves into stars; an objection was made on the ground that their husbands would always see them, which was at length overruled from the circumstance of being out of reach. They accordingly went to the lagoon where they procured flag-roots, and making an engine (flying concern) out of reeds they ascended to the sky and located them- selves as the seven stars. HISTOliY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. " Only tlie youngest brother appeared to be vexed at the loss ot his wife, and sought her daily. One day, having wandered to the edge of the lagoon, his wife had compassion on liim and spoke directing his attention to the machine they had made, telling liim to ascend. He did 60 ; but, not wishing him in their immediate vicinity, they placed him a little way off. " A song survives, having reference to the seven stars. LETTER XI. SPORTS AND GAMES. " Few games, and those of a gambling nature. The ])i'incipal one was called churchurkl (or peon, Spanish). It consists in guessing in which hand a small piece of stick was held concealed, by one of the four persons who composed aside who sat opposite to each other. They had their singers, who were paid by the victorious party at the end of the game. Fifteen pieces of stick were laid on each side, as counters, and a per- son named as umpire, who, besides keeping account, settled the debts and prevented cheat- ing, and iield the stakes. Each person had two pieces of wood, one black and one white. The white one alone counted, the black being to pre- vent fraud, as they had to change and show one in each hand. The arms crossed and the hands hidden in the lap, they kept changing the pieces from one hand to the other. Should they fail to guess right, he lost his peon, and counters allotted to the others, and so on iintil the counters were gone, or all tlie peons killed, when the others had a trial. They bet almost every- thing they possessed. The umpire provided the fine and was paid by the nii^ht. "Another game, called duircJiarake, was played between two, each taking a turn to throw with the points down eight pieces of split reed, eight or ten inches long and black one side. " Another game, called Intra ric'uar, consisted in throwing rods or canes of the length of a lance, at a ring put in motion, and see who could insert it. The ring was made of buck- skin M'ith a twig of willow inside, and four inches in diameter. This is nut played now. [It is however, played by other tribes of Indians. The Indians at Santa Barbara also played a similar game, using a barrel-shaped stone ring three inches in diameter and four in length at which the players shot arrows, the idea being to penetrate the hole while the ring was in motion. The players stood up on either side of the course.] "Football was played by children and by those swift of foot. Betting was indulged in by the spectators. LETTER XII. A LEGEND. [Muhuvit, referred to below, was probably the country of the Mojaves, the tribal name of which was A moqawi, or Amoqami, pronouncing the <2 like the German ch. The western range of their territory formerly extended along the northern slope of the San Fernando Range, but flow far westward is not known.] " Iti Muhuvit, which lies behind the hills of San P'ernando, a woman married a captain of Verdngos. The woman was very stingy and seltish, and when the people brought them roast rabbit, shedevoured it alone and never invited any one to eat with her. The young chiefs would surround her, hut she never invited any of them. They returned to their houses, and when their mothers inquired if they luid partaken of the feast, said, No. Then the people got angry about it and asked the husband to send her lionie again to her mother. She by this time had a daughter. Old men spoke with him ; ' Do what you like,' said the husband. " The old men accordingly ordered the ]jeople to hunt rabbits as usual, but to stuff them, before roasting, with pieces of wet buckskin, lizards and other unpalatable reptiles. They did so, before giving the repast. The old men asked of the chief what was to be done witli the daughter, whether to take her away or not. ' Leave her,' said he, ' to die with her mothei-.' This day, liowever, she invited her spectators; for, on taking out the leg of a toad, she in- quired what it was. ' It is a quail,' she was answered. ' Eat it thou, then,' said she; and so she proceeded, taking out strange substances HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. and giving them away. An order was likewise given to refuse her water, and being very lazy it was presumed she would not go to the spring. The repast gave her great thirst. ' Give nie water; ' but none was procurable. She proceeded from hut to but, with like success, until she arrived at the last where a large basket of urine was prepared for her; she nearly finished it at three sups, only leaving a little for her daugh- ter. This occurred every day; at the end of ten days all her hair fell out, and from being very pretty she became old and wrinkled. " Seeing herself in sucli a state, she deter- mined to return to her father, and taking her daughter in her arms she left; but on the road she repented having taken her daughter, and said, ' What a fool 1 am to be carrying this load, as if they liked me so much!' So she threw it away. After going some little dis- tance she looked back and seeing her little i-nfant stretch out its little arms to her, iier heart softened, and she exclaimed, 'What fault has it committed?' and she turned back and took it up again. She went on and on until she got so weak she could go no further. At last she was at a great rock, when she took tlie child by the heels and dashed its brains out, the blood of which is still visible at this day! Many affirm the child did not die, but turned into a squirrel. '> Then the mother went on alone until slie came to the place where her mother usually kept her seeds and acorns, and lay down with the Charnuca. At length her mother came tg take out food and on putting in her hand gave a loud cry and jumped back. ' Yes, be afraid of me,' said the daughter, ' after all the injury you liave heaped upon me by marrying me to a man who did not care for me.' The mother then heard the story, and left to inform the fatlier, tukini;- bini out of the hut so no one might he,ar it. " The father proceeded with his wife to take food to their daughter, and every day they brought lier the same, and herbs to drink, so as to restore her to health and purge her of tlie filth she had eaten; also to restore her hair and eyebrows, which she iiad lost, they applied tiie fat or oil of the hamisar, a black berry. In three moons she was well again, fat, young and beau- tiful, hair nearly equal to her father's and brother's, which reached to the ground. She was commanded then by her father to go and bathe herself daily in her brother's bathing place. She did so, and the brother, from see- ing the water when became not limpid as usual, suspected sonietliing. At last, coming one day shortly after the other liad done, he was con- vinced, and more so on finding a half the length of his own. This troubled him much, tliat others were bathing in his well, and he be- came sad. At last, arriving one day, he caught her in the bath, atul saying, ' So it is you who daily dirty the water of my well,' caught her by the leg and threw her out. She fell back, and he beheld her nakedness. This caused her so great grief and shame that she left, and pro- ceeded to the seashore to drown herself. She made a run twice to throw herself into the sea, but eacii time turned back; but the third time she accomplished it. ''The brother returned to the house and told his mother of having found an unknown woman in his bath, and threw her out of it and saw her nakedness. The father and mother left the hut together, and on seeking their daughter could not find her. ' She has gone from shame,' said the mother; 'where shall we And her?' The father took the twig of a willow, made a ring of it, and covered it with buckskin. This was thrown to the uorth; it returned again. He threw it to the south, and the same result. He then threw it east, then west, the ring follow- ing ail the turnings and windings of the daugh- ter. The father followed the ring until it came to the seashore. 'She has drowned herself,' said he, when he saw the ring enter the ocean. He returned, debating with himself whether it was better to punish his son first, or the chief of Verdugos; he determined on the former first. '• (^n arriving iionu; he tohl his wife, who HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. cried bitterly, which amazed the people much. Calling together all his people he told them they must take his son witii them on a huntina: excursion, and let him be killed by -wild beasts. His son was accordingly decked out in all liis ornaments and money beads, and told to go with the people hunting, when they were to stay out all night. He w^ent, and they slept out, and tlie next morning a lire was kindled, at wliich all were warming themselves. One of the old seers had brought a screech-owl with him, liidden, wliich was no other than the father of theboy, wliich he let out and frightened all the people, who ran off, leaving the boy alone, when a large bird, the cuwot (cry cu, nothing of which save its shadow had ever been seen), said to be the boy's father in another form, came and took him up. Then the people came back, crying, ' The cuwot has carried off the chief's son!' As they came lip the bones came tum- bling down from above. The bones were then buried, and the people returned to their huts. " Shortly afterward the chief saw some one coming, and went to meet him. ' Where are you going? where are you from? ' ' From Ver- duga.' 'Oh! ' said the chief, ' how are you get- ting on there? ' ' Very well ; the chief is getting another wife and a great feast is preparing.' ' Be it so,' said he; ' they have laughed much at me, wovtwe shall laugh and all perish together. "What were they doing when you left this morn- ing? ' 'The women had all gone to gather prickly pears.' Hearing this he went to where the women were gathered, and said : ' What are you gathering so many prickly pears for?' ' For the feast,' said they, ' as the captain is to be married.' ' Take a sieve,' said he to an old woman, ' and fill it with tunas,* and sift the fine thorns into my eyes.' She refused; he in- leaved cat tus. 'llu-r meal of e eedeor «v,.,, falifurni. sisted, and others told her to do as he com- manded. Fie opened his eyes wide and she com- menced, when all the -women set up a wail at once. They were blind. Tie burst out laughing, and said: 'Now 1 huigh; it is my turn now.' " He left them and went to where the feast was prepared, and going around to the west side changed himself into a huge eagle, and went, low down, to where the feast was. On seeing an eagle come they cried out, 'Catch it! catch it!' with the exception of an old woman who was taking care of her grandchildren during her daughter's absence, who immediately cov- ered the children with a blanket, and cried out to the people not to touch the eagle, as it was a human being and not a bird. The people only called her an old liar, and proceeded to catch it. ' Let us pull its wings oif,' said they; and they did so. Blood gushed out from one side and green matter from the other. Fever and bilious voim iting commenced among them, and killed all the people but the old woman and her two grandchildren. The old woman had to bury the dead the best way she could, and to burn the things. The eagle soared up above and never more was heard of. The old woman brought up the youiu roughed by pecking it with a sharp piece of quartz or chalcedony, botli of which are abundant. and when old enough she constructed a bow with an arrow for the boy, and a batea for the girl, teaching the one how to shoot and the other to clean seed. The boy at last killed iirst a lizard, then a mouse, then a gopher. Wlien old enough she married them, but shortly after- ward the girl turned out bad. At iirst she gave the old woman to eat, but afterward she refused to give her any meat brought by the husband. The old woman, to be revenged, took an awl made of deer's bone, and placing it where the other sat, she hurt herself. She put it into the bath, and again hurt herself. When her hus- band came liome she acquainted him, saying: ' I have injury done me twice, and know I have to die. At any time you are out in the hills and I die you will know it by feeling some drops of water falling on your left shoulder.' Not HI STOUT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. long after, when out hunting, he felt the drops, as he had been told he would. He threw the bow and arrow away and hastened home. In the meantime the old woman had burned and buried the body. ' Where is my wife? ' ' I have bur- ied her.' ' Thou hast done this and shalt die for it,' taking up a billet of wood to knock her brains out, when she changed into a gopher and hid in the ground. The husband remained three days and nights by his wife's grave. On the third day he saw a small wliirlwind arise, and followed it. After going a long distance he perceived footprints on the ground where it passed over. ' This is my wife's,' said he, and he followed an immense distance, and a voice from the whirlwind addressed him, and said: ' Return to your hut.' ' No,' said he, ' I intend going with thee forward.' ' That caimot be.' said the spirit, ' for I am not as formerly; I am dead to the world, and you cannot go, for no human being can go where I am going, nor can earthly eyes behold our figures; therefore re- turn.' He would not. ' Well,' said the voice, 'how can I take thee? there is an immense sea to pass.' "At last finding him positive, she bound him to her waist with her sash, telling him to hold his breath as they went through the air. They arrived at last in the laud of spirits, where he could see nothing like human forms, and only heard innumerable voices exclaiming, 'What a stench of something earthly! You must have brought that.' The wife acknowledged she had, but exculpated herself on the ground that the being she brought was a superior one, being not only a great hunter, but could do anything. * Return him to the earth again; take him away,' exclaimed the voices. But one voice at length said, 'Let us try him first and see Vvhat he can do.' He was ordered to climb a pole of great length, and bring down a feather from the top. He felt afraid to ascend, but his wife told him to try, but not to look down while doing so. He accomplished the feat and there was great applause, when the voices cried out, 'Our broth- er-in-law is good at climbing.' Ih; was then given a long hair and told to split it from end to end. This again made his courage fail; but his wife told him to do it and to have faith. He had faith in her word, and the hair split from end to end with ease. 'Well done, our brother-in-law!' exclaimed the voices-. He was told to make a map of the constellation of Ursa Major, and show the position of the north star. He felt great fear to attempt this, as he had seen the seers do this but had never learned it himself. H s wife again aided him and he catne out tri- umphant. They then wanted him to test his hunting powers, and four of them were dis- patched to drive the deer into his range. He soon heard loud cries of ' Brother-in-law, there go the deer!' but no deer could he see. The spirits ridiculed his hunting. Another trial was made, with the same result. At last his wife told him he would be given a third trial, and that he must kill this time. 'How can I kill deer if there be none? ' he said. ' Did you not perceive black beetles?' said his wife. ' Yes.' 'Well, those are deer; things are different here to what they are on earth; kill them.' " They went on their third hunt, and hearing the cry of ' There they go!' he saw black beetles coming on the sands. He drew his bow, shot at and killed one. It was converted immediately into a fine fat buck. This encouraged him, and he slew right and left, until the spirits told him to desist. The game was carried home. He saw the deer lifted tVom the ground and car- ried in the air, though he could not see the car- riei's, although he could perceive their shadows. Great joy was manifested by all at his success. ' Sister,' said the other spirits to his wife, ' no one has ever been permitted to return to earth, as thou knowest; but as our brother-in-law is so good and he cannot participate in onr company of those joys and pleasures we partake, and on account of the gross materials of which he is formed, out of compassion to him, return again to earth.' And addressing him they said: 'Brother-in-law, return again to the earth with thy wife; but for three days tiiou art not per- mitted to cohabit with her; after that time thou HISTORY OF LOS AN0ELE8 COUNTY. art free; but a non-compliance will be attended witli disappointment.' "They left the spirit realms and traveled on earth toward their home, the wife still invisi- ble. At night he built a large fii'e and lay down ; on awakening before daylight he saw his wife lying at a short distance. They traveled the second day as before, and at night he again made a fire; on awakening he again beheld her, and although he had rebellious thoughts, still he restrained himself, for he thought that only one day more and he should triumph. The third day also passed in travel, and on awakening that third night he saw his wife more distinctly than ever. Love for her this time was more powerful than reason. The three days are as- suredly expired by this time, and he crept toward her. He laid hold of the figure and found an old rotten trunk of a tree in his arms. He remained a sorrowful wanderer on earth till his death. " Whenever this legend is to be told, the hearers first bathed and washed themselves, then came to listen. "The bird cuwot is still believed in. It is nocturnal in its habits, never seen, but some- times heard. Its ci-y was simply Cu. It is said that a man was once carried away by it from the lodge of Yang (Los Angeles). " Some state that the return of the woman to life after the soul had fled could not have hap- pened, it being only a compassionate ruse to get the husband to earth, to return again at a proper time in the form of a celestial being." HISTORY OF LOS ANUELKS COUNTY. CHAPTER III VOYAGE OF CABKILLO- -15i2. fHE first white man whoever looked upon, if he did not tread, the soil of Los Angeles County was a Portuguese navigator and explorer — Don Juat Rodriguez Cabrillo, who in the year 1542 sailed up along the coast of Cali- fornia as far north as latitude 40°, and, return- ing, died and was buried January 3, 1543, on the island of San Miguel, in tiie Santa Barbara Chan- nel. He was in the Spanisli service on this voyage. He had arrived at San Diego Bay Sep- tember 28, 1542, from which place he continued his northern trip on the 3d of the next month. On October 6 he discovered the islands of San Clemente and Santa Catalina, which he named for his two vessels, the San Salvador and the Vitoria respectively. From Santa Catalina he sailed over to San Pedro, which he called Bahia de los Fumos or Fuegos (the Bay of Smokes or Fires), from the smokes and tires he saw there. He described it as a good port with good lands, valleys, plains and groves. On the 9th he anch- ored in the bay of Santa Monica, and the next day sailed onward to his late. Bartolome Fer- relo, who succeeded him in command of the expedition, after reaching latitude 42° north, returned to Mexico. As meager in details as is the account of this voyage about what is now the ocean shore of Los Angeles (Jounty, yet Cabrillo and his party were the lirst white men kno^n to have been here. It is j)robal)le that at Santa Monica Bay, where they anchored for a day, they went ashore; if so, that is the first point in the county trod by white men. VIZCAYNO'S VOYAGE —1603. The next voyager to sail along the coast was Sebastian Vizcayno, who commanded a Spanish exjiloring fleet of three vessels. Yizcayno was in search of a suitable harbor, where the Manilla galleons might repair and rest their crews after their long voyages across the Pacific Ocean. He had other objects, such as the discovery of the mythical Strait of Anian, which was supposed to cross the American Continent, and would, if found, give direct passage-way between Europe and Asia. He had sailed from Acapulco in May, 1602. After staying ten days in San Diego Bay he continued his northern trip on November 20, 1603. . A strong northwest wind was blowing, and it was not till the 28th that he anchored at the island of Santa Catalina, also sighting the same day the island of San Clem- ente. These names, given by Vizcaj'iio, have ever since been retained. Before arriving at Santa Catalina, they had visited San Pedro Bay, where, like Cabrillo, they saw plenty of smoke and some green vegetation, but as the bay had no protection from the winds they sailed over under the lee of the island. Vizcayno gave San Pedro its name for the bishop of Alexandria. HISTOBT OF LOB ANGELES COUNTY. Catalina Island then Lad a large Indian pop- ulation, who subsisted by fishing and trading. They had well-built canoes and houses, as well as a temple, wherein they sacrificed birds to an idol. They received the Spaniards in a friendly manner, and proved to be experts in the art of thievery. It does not appear that the Spaniards came again over to the mainland. About De- cember 1, Yizcayno continued on his northern trip, but after discovering Monterey Bay, he did not get much further north than did Ferrelo. SPANISH OCCUPATION — 1769-1822. Whether Cabrillo in 1542 or Vizcayno in 1603 did set their feet on the soil of Los Angeles County is not positively known. If they did not, then to Governor Gaspar de Portola and his party must be accorded the honor of being the first white men within the present bound- aries of Los Angeles County, the date of their arrival being July 30, 1769. Fearing the encroachments of the Russians on the north, and the possible occupation of Alta California by the English, and, believing that the welfare of the church would be greatly advanced by the spiritual conquest of the na- tives, the Spanish Government finally decided to occupy the Upper California. Accordingly, in 1768, King Csirlos III. gave orders to the Marques de Croix, Viceroy of New Spain, to the efl'ect that in connection with other precau- tions against the Russians on the northwest coast, San Diego and Monterey should be occu- pied. Croix turned over to Don Jose de Gal- vez, the Visitador General, the management of the whole matter, and, in July, Galvez arrived at Santa Ana on the peninsula of California. He arranged for two expeditions to Monterey — one by sea and one by land. For the sea expedition there were three small vessels prepared — the San Cdrlos, the San An- tonio and the San Jose. The last-named vessel was lost at sea. The other two arrived at San Diego in April, 1769. The land expedition was divided into two parties. The first was com- manded by Captain Fernando Rivera y Moncada, while Portola personally commanded the second party, and was accompanied by the famous Juni- pero Serra, President of the Franciscan missions. Their rendezvous was at the Indian village of Velicata, in latitude 29° 30' north, on the pen- insula. Here Serra founded the last Franciscan mission on the peninsula while on his way to San Diego with PortoLi. By July the sea and land expeditions were united at San Diego; and, while Serra stopped there to found a mission, Portola pnshed forward with a party by land to re-discover, if possible, the bay of Monterey described by Vizcayno one hundred and sixty- six years before. It was M'hile he was on this trip that he passed through what is now Los Angeles County. He was accompanied by two Franciscan priests, Juan Crespi and Francisco Gomez. Crespi kept a diary, and to him be- longs the honor of having named Los Angeles. Portola's party consisted of twenty-seven sol- diers wearing leather jackets, commanded by Rivera; six Catalan volunteers, commanded by Lieutenant Pedro Fages, afterward Governor of California; seven muleteers and fifteen Lower California Indians. With the party was also an engineer, Miguel Costanso, and two personal servants of Portola, making sixty-four persons in all. From San Diego their route was along the ocean shore to San Juan By-the-Sea, thence along about the line of the Santa Fe Railroad to Los Angeles. On July 28 they were at the Santa Ana River, at which place they felt four sharp shocks of earthquake, and in consequence named the place El Rio Jesus de los Temblores. Because it was first intended to establish the mission of San Gabriel at this point, it being then men- tioned as the "Mission San Gabriel de los Tem- blores," and it was afterward established at another point near by, some confusion has arisen in the minds of several translators and authors whereby the San Gabriel River was called Los Temblores. But it is clear from the original records, according to Bancroft, that the HISTORY OP LOS ANOELES COUNTY. Santa Ana Eiver was the one rightfully entitled to this earthquake name. On the 29th they camped at some little springs ahont six miles from the river, the identity of which is now lost. They came eighteen miles on the 30th, or twenty-four miles from the Santa Ana River, camping in the neighborhood of the Nadean Vineyard. They were now within what is now the present boundary of Los Angeles County. Along here they feasted on antelope, which were numerous and easily hunted. On the 31st they were in the Los Angeles region. August 1 they reached the place where now stands the city of Los Angeles. They gave the river the name of Porciiincula, after the famous Francis- can convent of Assisi in Italy. The next day, August 2, is an important date in local history, for that was the day when the name of Los An- geles was conferred upon the place where the city was afterward built. Governor Portola and party were presumably camped on the bluff overlooking the river, about where is now "Sonoratown." This day being the feast of "Nuestra Seiiora, la Reyna de los Angeles" (Our Lady, the Queen of the Angels), it was solemnly celebrated, mass being said by the two priests, Crespi and Gomez. It was a custom of Spanish explorers to generally name places where they camped, or any important geograph- ical feature they discovered, after the saint in the church calendar of the day the}' were there. In this manner it is nearly possible, with maps and a Catholic calendar, to trace the exact course of the explorers up the coast. Thus were named San Quintin and Ensenada de los Todos Santos in Lower California, San Diego and Los An- geles, and scores of places in Upper California. Of course this custom was not adhered to rigidly, as Monterey Bay and Cape Mendocino were named for viceroys, and Pajaro River and Gaviota Pass, for local reasons; but it was in this manner that Los Angeles was named, and not, as has often been published by many emi- nent writers, for the "angelic" climate or ap- pearance of the localitv, for it mi"jlit have been anything but angelic in August, when Portola and Crespi wei-e here, the very middle of the heated term, when the highest temperature of the season prevails; neither could it have pre- sented a very angelic appearance at that period of the year, when the grass was all brown and dried, and the only verdure was the foliage of a few cottonwoods and sycamores along the river bottom. The orange groves and blue-gum forests, vast vineyards, cool gardens and wide- spreading alfalfa fields that now give a peren- nial green, were not then in existence, and it is very doubtful if the Spanish priests and soldiers, fresh from the groves of the Alhambra and the bowers of Castile, then sweltering under an August sun, thought that this then undeveloped land was fit for the abode of angels. The place took its name from the fact that the feast of "Our Lady, the Queen of the Angels," was here celebrated on August 2, 1769, and not from any climatic advantage, of which it indeed has many, or from an}' appearance which it then presented. The queen of the angels, according to the Franciscans, being Mary, the mother of Christ, the words "Santa Maria" (Holy or Saint Mary) were frequently added to the already long title of the town, even in official documents, in later years, as appears in the records pertaining to the city; but even this was too long for the sentimental Latins. The brevity-loving Yankee has' "boiled it down" to "Los Angeles;" bet- ter still would it have been translated "The Angels." The next day, August 3, Portohi continued his journey, passing around the southern base of the western hills, whereon a considerable part of the citj' is now built, and camped at the asphalturn springs, which they called the spring of the sycamores of St. Stephen, and going through the Cahuenga Pass and the Encinos Ranch, passed out of the county over the Santa Susanna Mountains, on their way to Monterey. They failed to find the port of Monterey, and on their return to San Diego reported that it must have been filled up with sand! But they did better, they discovered San Francisco Bay. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. On the return of the party the. next January (1770) they came into the present county by way of the Simi Ranch, and, coining down the San Fernando Valley, crossed over directly into the San Gabriel Valley, and followed a river which they called the San Miguel,* through the Paso de Bartdlo, and tlience by the old Anaheim * Afterward changed to San Gabriel. stage route to the Santa Ana River, on their way to San Diego. In April, 1770, Portola again traversed the county, going north on a second search for Monterey Bay, with a party of nearly thirty persons. Nothing of any importance occurred here again till the founding of San Gabriel Mission. UISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ^^I^^^^PIH^^ ff^ CHAPTER IV. SAN OABRIEL. fllE iiewsof the successful extension of Span- ish and Catholic dominion in Alta Cali- fornia was the occasion of an ontburst of enthusiasm and great joy in Mexico, and gave no little impetus to the northern cause. It was im- mediately determined that five new iiiissions, in addition to the three originally proposed, should be established. The first three missions deter- mined ujwn had been one each at San Diego and Monterey bays, and one midway between the two, to be named San Buenaventura. The missions at San Diego and Monterey had now been established, but for one cause and another the founding of San Buenaventura was delayed for several years. The College of San Fernando furnished ten new priests for the five additional missions, and May 21, 1771, they arrived at Monterey on board the ship San Antonio. The five proposed missions were: San Gabriel, San Luis Obispo, San Antonio, Santa Clara and San Francisco. For San Gabriel Mission President JunfperoSerra appointed the friars Angel Somera and Pedro Benito Carabon, who sailed June 7 in the San Antonio for San Diego accompanied by Pedro Pages, the military commander. There was some delay at San Diego on account of sick- ness among the priests and desertions among the soldiers. Finally, on August 6, Somera and Cambon, with a guard of ten soldiers and a supply train of mules under four muleteers and four soldiers — there being twenty persons in all in the party — left San Diego for the purpose of founding the mission of San Gabriel. They followed the old route of Portola, which in more recent times was exactly that of the stage line between San Diego and Los Angeles and is now that of the Santa Fe Railroad. It had been the intention to locate the mission on the Santa Ana River which Crespi had called El Rio Jesus de los Temblores, on account of the earthquakes felt there, but as no suitable place was found, they went about twenty-five miles further north on the river San Miguel, which was thenceforth called the San Gabriel for the mission. Here they chose a site still known as the Old Mission, where some adobe ruins yet stand, near what was then the Indian village of Sibag-na, about eleven miles east of Los Angeles City, on land now owned by Richard Garvey. They were surrounded by a multitude of Indians, headed by two chiefs, shouting and making threatening signs. Just then a divine miracle was inter- posed, so the story goes, saving the lives of the Spaniards, favoring the establishment of the mission. One of the priests unfurled a banner on which was painted a picture of the Virgin Mary in sorrow for the death of her Son. The effect was instantaneous and wonderful. The hosts of Hell were routed horse, foot and dragoons. The evil spirits in the simple aborigines were immediately cast out and gave way to good ones HISTOBT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. who prompted the Indians, beginning with their chiefs, to drop their arrows and lay tlieir neck- laces at the feet of the beautiful queen, while the women brought pine-nuts and other seeds for her to eat ! Hugo Reid, who lived many years among the San Gabriel Indians, learned from them their first impressions of the Spaniards. He says : " The Indians were sadly afraid when they saw the Spaniards coming on horseback. Think- ing them gods, the women ran to the brush, and hid themselves, while the men put out the fires in their huts. They remained still more im- pressed with this idea, when they saw one of their guests take a flint, strike fire and com- mence smoking, having never seen it produced in this simple manner before. An occurrence, however, soon convinced them that their strange visitors were, like themselves, mortals, for one of the Spaniards leveled his musket at a bird and killed it. Although greatly terrified at the report of the piece, yet the effect it produced of taking life led them to reason, and deduced the impossibility of the 'Giver of Life' to murder animals, as they themselves did, with bows and arrows. They consequently put them down as human beings, ' of a nasty white color, and having ugly blue eyes/' This party was a small one, and soon left. Having offered no violence, they were in consequence not disliked. They gave them the name of Vhichinabros or reasonable beings. It is a fact worthy of notice that on becoming acquainted with the tools and instruments of steel used by the Spaniards, they were likewise named C hicbinabros, ■v/h'iah. shows the estimation in which they held their con- querors. " Another event soon convinced them of their visitors mortality, for shortly afterward they received another visit from a larger party, who commenced tying the hands of the adult males behind their backs; and making signs of their wish to procure women — these having again fled to the thicket on the first appearance of their coming. Harsh measures obtained for them what they sought, but the women were consid- ered contaminated, and were put through a long course of sweating, drinking of herbs, etc. The natives necessarily became accustomed to these things, but their disgust and abhorrence never left them till many years after. In fact every white child born among them for a long period was secretly strangled and buried ! " The whites made them a number of presents prior to' using any means to convert them; the presents were never refused, but only those con - sisting of goods were put to any use whatever. All kinds and classes of foods and eatables were rejected and held in abhorrence. Instead, there- fore, of partaking of them, they were buried secretly in the woods. Two old Indians, not long since dead, related to me the circumstance of having once assisted when boys to inter a quantity of frijol and Indian corn just received from the whites. Some length of time after- ward, being out in the woods amusing them- selves, they came where these articles had been deposited. Their surprise knew no bounds to now behold an infinity of stalks and plants un- known to them, protruding through the earth which covered the seed. Tiiey communicated the fact at home; their story was verified by others, and the wizards duly pronounced the whites ^witchcrafts!'' Even panocha (coarse brown sugar), of which they are now so fond, was declared to be the exorement of their new neighbors." On September 8, 1771, the cross was raised and the regular ceremonies were performed which constituted the founding of the mission of " San Gabriel Arcangel." The Indians helped in the construction of the mission buildings, which consisted of the usual square stockade, with tule-roofed wooden houses inside. Fear- ing an attack similar to the one on the San Diego Mission, Somera left, October 1, for San Diego, and returned on the 9th wiili two more soldiers. In the meantime one of the soldiers had outraged the wife of a chief, and the next day after Somera's return the chief undertook to get his revenge by shooting the guilty soldier. The latter stopped the arrow with his shield, HISTORY OF LOS ANQBLES COUNTY. and shot the chief dead with his musket. This was the signal for a creneral outbreak by the In- dians, but the alarm was sutBcient to allow the soldiers to buckle on their leather jackets, and place themselves on the defensive. Frightened, however, by the report of the musket and the instant death of the chief, the Indians fled. The Christian soldiers then cut off the heathen's head, and stuck it up on top of a pole at the gate of the stockade. In a few days the Indians returned to beg for the head of their chief, but it was some time before friendly relations were resumed. Thus ended their tirst lesson in the new religion. Governor Fages arrived a few days later with two priests, sixteen soldiers and four muleteers in charge of a mule train, on his way to estab- lish the mission of San Buenaventura. The recent Indian trouble decided him to postpone founding the new mission, and to add six soldiers to the force at San Gabriel. Antonio Paterna and Antonio Cruzado, the two priests, also remained, and they next succeeded Somera and Cambon as the regular mission ministers, who retired on account of their poor health. J. Albert Wilson, a historian who devoted con- siderable study to the mission work, says of this period: "The priests brought with them a number of vagabonds in the various characters of soldiers, masons, carpenters, etc. Having '■converted^ a few Indians by presents of cloth and ribbons, and taught them to say '■Amara Dlos'' (Love to God), they baptized them, and set them to work under direction of their 'Christian' assistants. Once baptized, the poor natives lost caste with their people, and became to them as Pariahs. The ceremony was called by the natives '■soyna,'' 'beii.g Ijathed,' and was regarded as both igno- minious and degrading. Unable to revisit their tribe, they remained at the mission, and their hopeless submissiveness to their new masters •was duly accredited to a miraculous change of heart, brought about by direct interposition of the blessed Virgin. Vet, in the ceremonies they were compelled to pass through, these poor creatures '■had no more idea they were wor- shiping God than an unborn child has of astronomy !^ "The principal uses of the soldiers were, first, to capture new converts, and, second, to awe them into submission. Upon their expeditions of conversion, however, the priests themselves not infrequently assisted. There is a tradition extant concerning one worthy father who was an expert with the lasso, as well as a fearless horseman. Eiding at full gallop into a village, he would select his man (as an old-time slaver selected his 'nigger' in the slave market, for his hraton), lasso him, drag him to the mission, tie him up and whip him into subjection, bap- tize him, Christianize him, and set him to work all within the space of one hour; then away for another, without rest; '■such was his zeal for the co7iversion of infidels!'' " On one occasion an expedition went as far as the present Rancho del Chino, where they tied and whipped every man, woman and child in the lodge, and drove part back with them. On the way home they did likewise to the lodge at San Jose (now Spadra). Upon arrival, the men were directed to throw their bows and arrows at the feet of the priest in token of sub- mission. The infants were then baptized, as also were all children u!ider eight years of age. The first were (per force) left with their mothers, but the latter were kept apart, until maternal instinct compelled the poor women to submit to the indignity of baptism, in order to see their loved ones again. In time the men gave way also, and this contaminated race, both in their own sight and in that of their kindred, became 'followers of Christ,' and laborers in the vineyards of the priests! Strange to say, these Indians, though lamous in warfare with other tribes, resisted not their oppressors. Filled with astonishment and fear, they sought only to hide from them; all of which was duly accred- ited to the good offices of 'Our Sovereign Lady!' " For several years no attempt appears to have been made by 'the missionaries,' either to HISTORY OF LOS ANGBLES COUNTY. learn the Indian tongue or to teacli the natives Spanish. The soldiers learned enough of the former, the better to gratify their lusts; and the Indians were instructed in the latter to say, ^Amar a Dios' (Love to God), without under- standing the plirase any more than if it had been ' Tic douloureux,' or 'Jack the Giant Killer P'' While Wilson only speaks of individual in- stances, there is no doubt the instances were too numerous. There were many noble exceptions, however, among the priests, and many of the old missionaries are remembered with affection. Some justify the harsh treatment the priests dealt out to the Indians, because of the savage character of the lattei-, and that kind treatment was always wasted upon them. Not everybody will accept this view, and even a poet has been constrained to write: They were merry old fellows in cassock and gown, Those jolly old knights of the smooth-shaven crown, Those liou-soiiled. eagle-eyed Padres of Spain, Who liirdfil ii ^|■:ln^lly o'er mouutain and plain; As r.':i(l\- Willi mil- s.-uorita to dance Asm-.-.ni :,li„.|iii, .rlKilancealaiice; Whns.. rliiiir niiil missi.ms impreauable stood. Ami .li.i lo 111.' li.'iilh.Mi what sppiiied to thcni good; Thpy l.i.iiioii, ,||, |,,,,,i,l siniifrs with nIihi'ii, sudden pulls, Aud la-.o,.,l i|,,.,r iMiiveiis like lir^ -ih'Ikks and bulls, Or galhurfd cuiilessioiis I'lom red, rosy lips, To hoard as the treasure the lione}'-bee sips. With liands that were ready and hearts that were bold: Jlow I envy those cleanshaven Padres of old! AVith fair purple vineyards and wide-spreading flocks, They sighed not for riches, they cared not for '■'stocks"— Not "Comstocks" at least, though bellowed and gored. And fought for a "rise" at the Devil's " Big Board," With a genuine reckless "bonanza king's" greed, And cornered the stock in eternity's " lead," Uefusing all offers of Satan to sell "Salvation's" sure stock, Iho' they "shorted" on Hell, And played for the kingdom with Satan and sin, Where souls were the "divvys," and gathered them in; With stores of " frijoles " and flajons of wine, They craved not the treasures of city or mine; With princely possessions to have and to hold. They were bully old fellows— those Padres of old. — A. F. KBKcnEVAi,. MISSION ANNALS. The first Indian child was baptized Novem- ber 27. He was a son of the chief that had been killed; but in two years the whole number of converts was seventy-three, and in 1784 there were 1,01'J enrolled on the baptismal register. The first attempts at farming at the mission were not successful. The first year's crop was drowned. The second was not entirely lost, but yielded 208 bushels of maize, or 195 fold! and eleven bushels of beans, or twenty-one fold! and in 1773 the mission had 200 head of horned cattle. On the 22d of March, 1774, there arrived at the mission an exploring party, of thirty-four persons, commanded by Captain Juan Bantista Anza. They had left Tubac, Arizona, on the 8th of January, with 140 horses and sixty-five head of cattle, for the purpose of exploring a land route between Sonora and California. Their route from Tubac, on the Santa Cruz River above Tucson, was westerly by way of the Sonoita Valley and through the Papago country. They forded the Colorado Kiver at Yuma and crossed tlie desert to its west side, and kept up along on the eastern slope of tlie San Jacinto Mountains, and came around through the San Gorgonio Pass. At the San Gabriel Mission they found the supply of provisions short, be- cause of the failure of the transport ships to arrive from Mexico. Anza sent back a part of his company to tiie Colorado River, and went on to Monterey and was back at the mission again by May 1, and two days later started for Tubac. These were the principal events this year at the mission. Anza deserves to be called a " pathfinder," for he was the first white man who c:ime overland to California! The date of the removal of the mission from the old site, now on Mr. Garvey's ranch, to the present one, some nine miles east of Los Angeles City, is unknown; but it must have been about 1775, for in 1774, in his second annual report, Serra mentiuns the proposition to move the San Gabriel Mission a short distance, and says that for that reason no permanent improvements had been made on tlie old site. In the same report he says tlie San Diego Mission liad been moved. So it must have been about that time that the site was changed. In 1797 the present stone church was half completed, though it was uiitinished in 1800. At any rate the removal was made sometime BISTORT OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. between 1774 and 1797. The new site is much more eligible than the old. The ground is higher and drier, there is better drainage, and no danger from frost and flood as on the low land where the mission was first located. The new site is in the midst of a belt of live oaks, and the scenery is charming. A few miles to the north the Sierra Madre rise abruptly to a height of over 5,000 feet, with peaks having an alti- tude 6,000 and 8,000 feet, while west and east, and south, is the valley, some twenty miles wide and long, surrounded by low hills. Although the records are silent as to the first work done at San Gabriel, there are some yet living who are conversant with the facts as learned from the old missionaries. Don Juan Warner, a native of Connecticut, who arrived in Los Angeles in 1831, thus wrote in the His- torical Sketch of Los Angeles County, published in 1876: " In less than sixty years from the founding of the mission of San Gabriel, the herds of neat cattle, bands of horses, and flocks of sheep and goats, of the three missions of this county, cov- ered the m;ijor part of the land in Los Angeles County, and all that part of San Bernardino County lying south and west of the San Bernar- dino Mountain Kange. The number of Indian converts in these three missions was, in 1802, 2,674. In 1831, when these missions had reached their highest prosperity, the number of neophytes was more than 4,000. By the labor of the subjugated and converted Indians the missionaries planted orchards and vineyards, and cultivated large fields of corn, wheat, barley, beans and other food vegetables. As soon after the founding of a mission as its circumstances would permit, a large pile of buildings in the form of a quadrangle, composed in part of burnt brick, but chiefly of sun-dried ones, was erected around a spacious court. A large and capacious church, which usually occu])ied one of the outer corners of the quadrangle, was a necessary and conspicuous part of the pile. "In this massive liuilding, covered with red tile, was the habitation of the friar, rooms for and for the major-domos and their fami- lies, hospital wards, store-houses and granaries, rooms for the carding, spinning, and weaving of woolen fabrics, shops for blacksmiths, joiners and carpenters, saddlers, shoemakers, and soap- boilers, and cellars for storing the product (wine and brandy) of the vineyards. Near the habi- tation of the friar, and in front of the large building, another building of similar materials was placed and used as quarters for a small number — about a corporal's guard — of soldiers, under command of a non commissioned oflicer, to hold the Indian neophytes in check, as well as to protect the mission from the attacks of hostile Indians. The soldiers at each mission also acted as couriers, carrying from mission to mission the correspondence of the government oflicers and the friars. These small detachments of soldiers, which were stationed at each mis- sion, were furnished by one or the other of the military posts at San Diego or Santa Barbara, both of which were military, garrisons. At an early period in the history of San Gabriel, a water-power mill, for grinding wheat, was con- structed and put in operation in front of and near the mission building. At a later period, a new grist-mill was built by the mission, and placed about two miles west of the mission proper. This was also operated by water-power. The building in which was placed this mill now forms a part of the residence of E. J. C. Kewen, Esq.* A water-power saw-mill was also built by this missiop, and was located near the last mentioned grist-mill. These were the only mills made or used in California, either for grinding or sawing, in which water was the motive power, or in which a wheel was used, for more than half a century after the founding of the first mission in continental California. In these two grist- mills the revolving millstone was upon the upper end of a vertical shaft, and the water- wheel upon the lower end, so that the revolution of the stone was no more frequent than that of the water-wheel. "In 1831 the minister at San Gabriel, Friar • In 1689 the place is the property of E. L. Mayberry. BISTORT OH- LOS ANGELES COUNT Y. Sanchez, aided and encouraged William Wolt- skill, Nathaniel Prior, Richard Langhlin, Sam- uel Prentice and George Yount (all Americans) to build a schooner at San Pedro, which was employed, by the Americans named, in the hunting of sea otter. The same year, or in the preceding year, Friar Sanchez purchased a brig which was employed in commerce between this coast and the ports of Mexico and South America. " Of the products or manufactures of those missions, during the sovereignty of Spain over California, very little was exported, being mostly consumed by those who belonged to the mission, or by the inhabitants of the town of Los An- geles, and the stock-breeders in the country adjacent. " Such was the patience, the energy, the busi- ness capacity and tact with which the friars controlled and managed the Indians, and the general affairs of the missions, that in a few years, with some supplies which — while the power of Spain was undisturbed in Mexico — were annually sent them from the port of San Bias, by their convent in the City of Mexico, their granaries and store-houses were filled to overflowing, and the intervening country from mission to mission was covered wit!) live-stock, and their shepherds and herders were counted by hundreds. Although in the annual lists of stock and of agricultural products made out by the friars the number was much less, it was estimated by the most competent judges that the number of neat cattle belonging to the three missions, in 1831, exceeded 100,000, with sheep and horse kind in full proportion." Resuming the annals of the missions, Anza, the Spanish patiitinder, arrived at San Gabriel again January 4, 1776, from the State of Sina- loa. He had started with a party of 285 per- sons, composed of soldiers and their families, recruited for the presidios (forts) of Monterey and San Francisco. They had 165 mules, 340 horses, and 320 head of cattle. Commandante Rivera had arrived the day before from Monterey en route to San Diego to punish the Indians who had burned the San Diego Mission on the 4th of the last November, and among others had killed one of the resident ministers. Friar Luis Jaume. Anza decided to let his immigrants enjoy a needed rest after their wearisome jour- ney across the deserts, and accompany Rivera. Nothing came of the trip to San Diego beyond flogging a few Indians. The immigrants made heavy inroads upon the meagre supplies of pro- visions at San Gabriel, and the missionaries were not sorry when Anza returned. On Feb- ruary 21 he took his party and left for Mon- terey, where they arrived on the 10th of March. On the 24th of March, 1776, there arrived at San Gabriel a remarkable man. Father Fran- cisco Garces, who, more than any other of early missionaries, explored the country and visited the native tribes. The story of his life would fill a large-sized volume, and would be full of interest from beginning to end. He had accompanied Anza as far as the junction of the Gila and Colorado rivers, and while the latter with his large party came straight on to San Gabriel, Garces explored the California coun- try to the gulf. Then turning north he went as far as the vicinity of The Needles, and then struck out across the Mojave Desert to the west- ward, following almost exactly the present course of the Santa Fe Railroad: up the Mojave River, passed unwittingly the argentiferous riches of the Calico Mountain, and. coming through the Cajon Pass, arrived at San Gabriel. Fremont explored the same route seventy years after- ward. Everywhere Garces went he distributed little metallic medals among the Indians. As late as 1854 one of these medals was recovered by A. A. Humphries, of the United States Sur- vey, from an Indian on the Colorado River. Garces also would unfurl a banner, on one side of which was painted a picture of the Virgin Mary and on the other side a picture of a lost soul suffering in the flames of an eternal hell. When the Indians looked on the pretty virgin they gave away to exclamations of delight, thus evincing good taste, and when they saw the man in a irreat lake of fire, even tlieir barbaric HISTORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. and savage natures, degraded and uncultivated as tliey had been for untold generations, could not help expressing tiicir horror, thus showing still better taste. Garces received a cordial welcome at the hands of his fellow friars at San Gabriel,* whom he had met two years before wlien with Anza on the pioneer overland expedition to California. After a fortnight's rest Garces set out to renew his explorations. Rivera, who from the first did all he could to anuDj the missionaries, refused Garces an escort, but the priests sup- plied him with provisions sufficient for his jour- ney into the interior. Rivera had early quarreled with President Serra, but, on the latter appeal- ing to the Viceroy, had been obliged to submit to Serra's plans. JMotably was this so at San Diego in regard to the distribution of troops at the missions. It was Rivera that plainly told Garces that communication with the Rio Colorado was undesirable. Five years laterboth River a and Gai'ces were massacred by the Yuma Indians. Garces lei't San Gabriel April 9, 1776, and went out through the San Fernando, Santa Clara and Antelope valleys, and, crossing the Sierra Nevada Mountains through Tejon Pass, went into the Tulare Valley as far north as about where V^isalia now is, without seeing Tnhire Lake, and, turning soutii, re-crossed the mountains through Walker's Pass, being the first white man to visit that section. From there he went to Northern Arizona, and thence back to Mexico. aimer in which hiBtorians differ is taken from Wilson^s History Diirint; thr jf^n 177',, n M.^xiciin Wilson was a <;.., lot enjoy acccB- nt, therefore probably" tween Riv vhich is stnted in the A second miracle was wrought at Sun Gabriel in 1777, when there was an uprising among the Indians. The revolt was caused by outrages committed upon them by the soldiers; but a shining image of the Virgin was held up before them, which caused them, it is sairl, to lay down their arms, kneel and weep, and even embrace the missionaries. There was continual friction between the sol- diers and the priests from the Governor and President at the head of each side down all along both lines. The numerous causes of this controversy are minutely and accurately set forth in Bancroft's voluminous history of Cali- fornia, and it is not necessary to reproduce them here, any more than the quarrels which especially affected San Gabriel. In the first place Pedro Pages, the military commandant, had the mis- sion founded without Serra being present, the first one he had missed, and he was not at San Gabriel for a full year after its establishment. Governor Portola and Serra had disagreed, and the latter had an open quarrel with Rivera at San Diego, over the disposition of troops, and when Governor de Neve came in 1774 he agreed no better with the friars, who seemed to want the entire control of the soldiers to use as they deemed best, not only in the protection of the missions, but in the capture of fugitive neo- phytes, who were becoming numerous. In October, 1785, an aboriginal Eve played her part in tempting the neophytes into a revolt, assisted by the "gentiles." The corporal in command averted all danger by promptly ar- resting some twenty of the conspirators. The woman, by order of General Ugarte, was sent into perpetual exile. One Indian, Nicolas, was sentenced to six years' work at a presidio, to be followed by exile, and two other Indians were imprisoned for two years. The remainder of the conspirators were flogged and released. This severe punishment deterred any furtlier outbreaks for several years. In 1810 there was a threatened attack of Mojave Indians, but it was suppressed by a company of military artil- lery fi Los Angeles, under Cap Zui HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. and it is recorded that so wisely did he act in his proceedings with the hostile Indians that upward of 400 of them were "converted." In spite of this wonderful extension of the king- dom of peace, the missionaries lived in constant alarm of Indian troubles all the next year. The great earthquake of Sunday, December 8, 1812, which overthrew the church at San Juan Capistrano, was also lelt at San Gabriel. The church was cracked, the steeple fell and images inside were broken; the friars' residence was also injured. RULE OF ZALVADEA. It was under Jos(^ Maria Zalvadea, who came irom San Fernando in 1806, that the mission of San Gabriel attained its ma.ximum of pros- perity. He is described as having been "a man of powerful mind, ambitious as powerful, and cruel as ambitious." When he arrived, the mis- sion already owned an abundance of cattle, horses, mares, sheep, and hogs; but, in his opinion, only a beginning had been made. Ac- cording to Hugo Reid : " He it was who planted the large vineyards, intersected with fine walks, shaded by fruit trees of every description, and rendered still more lovely by shrubs interspej-sed between; who laid out the orange garden, fruit and olive orchards; built the mill and dam; made fences of tunas (cactus oj^iuntia") round the tields; made hedges of rose-bushes; planted trees in the mission square, with a flower garden and hour-dial in the center; brought water from long distances, etc. He aho remodeled the ex- istent system of government. Every article must henceforth be in place, and every man at his station. EverytJdng under him was organ- ized and that organization I'ejit tij) with the UkK! " The peojile were now divided into classes and vocations. These included vaqueros, soap- makers, tanners, shoemakers, carpenters, black- smiths, bakers, cooks, general bcrvants, pages, tishermen, agriculturists, horticulturists, brick and tile makers, musicians, singers, tallow melt- ers, vignerons, carters, cart-makers, shepherd, s poultry-keepers, pigeon-tenders, weavers, spin- ners, saddle-makers, store and key-keepers, deer hunters, deer and sheep-skin dressmakers, ma- sons, plasterers, people of all work — ^everything but coopers, these were foreign; all the rest were native Indians. " Large soap works were erected, tanning yards established, tallow works, bakery, cooper, black- smith, carpenter and other shops. Large spin- ning rooms, where might be seen lifty or sixty women turning their spindles merrily, and looms for weaving wool, flax, and CL>tton. Then large store-rooms were allotted to the various articles, which were kept separate. For in- stance, wheat, barley, peas, beans, lentils, chick, peas, butter and clieese, soap, candles, wool, leather, flour, lime, salt, horse-hair, wine and spirits, fruit stores, etc., etc. Sugar-cane, flax- and hemp were added to the other articles cul- tivated, but cotton wool was imported. "The principal ranchos belonging at that time to San Gabriel were San Pasqual, Santa Anita, Azusa, San Francisquito, Cacumongo, San An- tonio, San Bernardino, San Gorgonio, Yucaipa, Jurupa, Guapa, Rincon, Chino, San Jose, Ybar- ras, Puente, Mission Vieja, Serranos, Rosa Cas- tillo, Coyotes, Jaboneria, Las liolsas, Alamitos, and Serritos." A principal head (Major-domo) commanded and superintended over all. Claudio Lopez was the famed one during Padre Salvadea's ad- ministration, and altiiough only executing the priest's plans, in the minds of the people he is the real hero. Ask any one who made this, or who did that, and the answer on all sides is the same, '•'■El difunto Claudia!'''' and great credit is due him for carrying out withont flog- ging the numerous works entrusted to him. There were a great many other major-domos under him for all kinds of work, from tending of horses down to those superintending crops, and in charge of vineyards and gardens. Indian alcaldes were appointed annually by the padre, and chosen from among the very HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. laziest of the coininutiity, he being of tlie opin- ion that they took more pleasure in making the others woriv than vvonkl industrious one-, and from my own observation tliis is correct. Tliey carried a wand to denote their autliority, and what was more terrible, an immense scourge of raw-liide, about ten feet in length, jilaited to the thickness of an ordinary man's wrist! They did a great deal of chastisement, both by and without orders. One of them always acted as overseer on work done in gangs, and accompa- nied carts when on service. The unmarried women and young girls were kept as nuns, under the supervision of au abbess, who slept with them in a large room. Their occupations were various; sometimes they sewed or spun, at others they cleaned weeds out of the gardens with hoes, worked at the ditches, or gathered in the crops. In fact, they were jacks or jennies of no trade in particular. The best looking youths were kept as pages to attend at table, and those of most musical talent were reserved for church service. The number of hogs was great; they were princi- pally used for making soap. (The Indians, with some few exceptions, refuse to eat pork, alleging the whole family to be transformed Spaniards! I lind this belief current through every nation of Indians in Mexico. Why should they, without being aware of it, have each selected the hog more than any other ani- mal to fix a stigma upon? It probably may be from its filthy habits, or can something apper- taining to the Jews be innate in them?) Near the mission at San Francisquito were kept the turkeys, of which they had a large quantity. Tlie dove- cote was alongside of the soap works, in an upper story, affording plenty of dung to cure leather and skins Avith. The padre had an idea that finery led Indians to run away, for wliicli reason he never gave either men or women any other clothing (in- cluding shirts and petticoats) than coarse frieze {xe?-ga) made by tliemselves, which kept tlie poor wretches all the time diseased with the itch. If any liandk(;rchief8 oi' cotton goods were discovered among them the same were immedi- ately committed to the flames. He was an inveterate enemy to drunkenness, and did all in his power to prevent it, but to no purpose. He never flogged, however, while the influence of the liquor lasted, but put them into the stocks, under care of the guard, until sober. Finding the lash alone was of no avail, he added warm water and salt to the dose, which was given until it ran out of the mouth again! It was of 111) use, the disease was as incurable as consumption. Having found out the game practiced in re- gard to destroying the children born by Indian women to whites, he put down all miscarriages to the same cause. Therefore, when a woman had the misfortune to bring forth a still-born child, she was punished. The penalty inflicted was shaving the head, flogging for fifteen sub- sequent days, iron on the feet for three months, and having to appear every Sunday in church, on the steps leading up to the altar, with a hide- ous painted wooden child in her arms! He had no predilections for wizards, and gen- erally (as some one or other was always report- ing evil of them) kept them chained together in couples and well flogged. There were, at that period, no small number of old men rejoicing in the fame of witchcraft, so he made sawyers of them all, keeping them like hounds in couples; and so they worked, two above and two below, in the pit. On a breach occurring between man and wife they were fastened together by the leg until they agreed to live again in harmony. He was not only severe, but he was in his chastisements most cruel. So as not to make a revolting picture I shall bury acts of barbar- ity known to me through good authority, by merely saying that he must assuredly have con- sidered whipping as meat and drink to them, fur they had it morning, noon and night. Although so severe to the Indians he was kind in the extreme to travelers and others. There being so much beef, mutton, pork and poultry, with fruits, vegetables and wine, a BISTORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. splendid public table was spread daily, at which he presided. Horses to ride were ever at their service, and a good bed to sleep on at night. Whenever ready to start, either up or down the coast, horses and a servant were at command to go as far as the nest mission. Having brought the establishment and every- thing connected with it to the climax ofperfec- tit)n, he had still calculated on doing more. He purchased large quantities of iron, with the intention of railing in all the vineyards and gardens. Eut, alas! even Catholic societies are not proof against the '• capital sins" they so strongly condemn. Envy and jealousy stepped in and prevailed. He was ordered by his supe- rior to the mission of San Juan Capistrano. The loss of his favorite hobby capsized his r< ai-dii, and alter lingering for many years in a disturbed religious state of mind he at length expired, regretted by all who knew his worth and gigantic intellect. During his pastorate, Zalvadea also mastered the Indian language, and reduced it to gram- matical rules, being the first padre in this sec- ti(m having either the ability or energy neces- sary for such a task. He translated the church service, and preached each Sabbath in the native tongue. His translation of the Lord's Prayer, commencing " Ayoinac,^'' " Our Father," is said by Mr. Keid to be " a grand specimen of his eloquence and ability." He thus gave the natives an insight into the Catholic faith, but did not alter their own one iota. Those wlio came after liim were too indolent to keep up the reforms he had inaugurated. For a time ser- mons were translated sentence by sentence, to the congregation; but this was soon discon- tinued, probably to the great relief of the un- fortunate listeners. Zalvadea was succeeded by Padre Jose Ber- nardo Sanchez, his former colleague and assistant. Padre Sanchez is described as having been "of a cheerful disposition, and a frank and generous natui-e." He was also a great sportsman and capital shot. "In ecclesiastical afiairs, solemn; in trade, formal; in government ot the mission. active, lively, and strict; in social intercourse, friendly, full of anecdote, and fond of jokes; even to those of a practical nature." Apropos of this last phase of his chai-acter, Mr. Reid relates the following as having actually occurred at one of the weekly picnic parties given by this mirth- loving priest: — " Don J. M. M. (an old Spaniard, having ex- tensive commerical relations with the mission) had a negro servant named Francisco, who was exceedingly skillful in all matters of cookery. "While preparing for one of the weekly picnics, (wliether tempted of the devil orMomus, does not appear) M. and the good priest agreed to carry out a rare joke at the expense of their guests. Procuring a fine fat little puppy, they had him stuffed and roasted by Francisco in a manner which would surely tempt the most fastidious epicure;and this was brought on as a last course under the name of lamb, along with an excellent salad to correspond. " All present (with the exception of the two concerned in the joke) ate of it and praised it much. After concluding witli a glass of wine, the old man inquired of his guests how they rel- ished dog ! JS'o one would believe the assertion that this was what they had just eaten, until the negro made his appearance with the head and paws on a plate. Then a mixed scene ensued which caused the old priest to nearly kill himself with laughter. While tlie quiet portion of his guests quickly retired to ease themselves, and get rid of the detested food' those of more pug- nacious disposition i-emained to fight M. first, intending to do the other afterward. The padre finally procured harmony, but for many a day after, roast lamb and salad were looked upon with suspicion by the former partakers of his cheer." J. J. Warner furnishes the following, as set- ting forth the usual dinner served daily at San Gabriel Mission during the years of its pros- perity: — First course: Oaldo — Plain broth, in which meat and vegetables had been boiled; second course: La Olia — Meat boiled with vege- tables, and served separately ; third course: HISTORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 37 Al Bondigas — Forced meat balls — in gravy; fourth course: Guisados — Stews, generally two; fifth course: Azado — Roast — beef, mutton, game, fowls; sixth course: Fruit and sweetmeat; seventh course: Tea, coffee, eigarritos. Pork was also eaten sparingly at every meal. Wine was served ad lihitum. On Fridays, fish followed the caldo, and the meats were dispensed with. It behooved the guests, however, who sat dowy to such a dinner not to overeat, for medi- cal men were scarce in those days. Mr. Reid says:— " It is strange no medical man was kept on the establishment, as the number of people was great and the stock of medicines very large. They were provided not by the pound, but by the quintal! Not in gallons, but in barrelfuls! Still tdl the dependence for medical aid (with the exception of midwives) was either on a casual foreigner passing, or on the stupidity of some foreigner employed on the premises. I know not why, but an Anglo-Saxon, in those days, was synonymous with an M. J ). Many an ' Estrangero^ who never before possessed suf- ficient confidence in himself to administer even a dose of Epsom, after killing, God knows how many, has at length become a tolerable empiric. One thing in favor of the sick was, that after a lapse of years the greater part of the drugs lost their virtue." The regulations enforced by his predecessor were still observed under Sanchez; but while the lash was still ever ready, yet other modes of punishment were generally adopted for minor offences. Nor was such leniency barren of good results, for many Indians who had formerly proved insubordinate from mere vindictiveness of spirit now refrained from the love and good- will whicli all bore toward tlieir spiritual and temporal ruler. Supplies for the mission were purchased in large quantities, frequently amounting to $30,- 000 at one time. Tiiese consisted of domestics (brown, bleached and printed), flannels, cloths, rebosos, silks, hosiery, sugar, panocha, rice, etc., etc. These articles were distributed in two stores, from whence they were dealt out to the natives, or sold to the public. The people were now better dressed than formerly. Tlie coarse frieze {xergd) of the women was used only as sweat-cloths for horses; and the native ladies appeared at church in full-blown glory of fancy petticoats, clean white chemises, variegated kerchiefs on their head, and rebosos around their shoulders. The men iiad pants, jackets, hats, and fancy silk sashes. Even the children plumed themselves in gay colors, and sported shirts and kerchiefs. Married people were provided with sheets for their beds, and even curtains. The major-domo visited each house weekly to see that all was kept clean, and tiie priest made a similar round in person once a month. Rations, with wine and spirits (and occasionally a few dollars in money) were distributed once a week; but in addition to this, daily food was provided ready cooked, for the laborers. We quote further further from Mr. Raid's letters: '• The mission bell, on being rung, aroused the Alcaldes from their slumbers, and these with loud voice soon set all the world agog. Mass was now heard, and again the bell rang to work. At eleven its notes proclaimed dinner, when in all flocked, basket in hand, to receive. 2>osale and a piece of beef. (Posale consisted of beans boiled with corn or wheat). At twelve o'clock they were again warned to their labors, which concluded a little before sundown, to afford them time to receive supper, which consisted of '■ atola'' or mush. If a gang were at a distance, a copper kettle and attendant accompanied them and provided food on the spot. "After twelve o'clock on Saturdays soa]) was distributed, and all the world went a washing of clothes and persons, to make a decent appear- ance at church on Sunday. Saturday night was devoted to playing peon, and, with few excep- tions, none slept; for whites and Indians, men, women and children, were all generally present. " After service on Sunday, foot-l)all and races took place, and in the afternoon a game called Shindy' by the Scotc d ' P.andy' l.y the HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. English, was played, with men and women on opposing sides. People flocked in from all parts to see the sport, and heavy bets were made. The priest took great interest in the game, and as the women seldom had less than half a dozen (jiiarrels among them, in which hair fiew by the handful, he was the more ])leased. The game being concluded, all went to prayers and so ended the Sabbath." MISCELLANEOUS. The stone church that is now the admiration of visitors was half finished in 1794, and had not been completed in 1800, but was shortly after- ward. It was first built with an arched roof, in which cracks soon appeared. . \Vhen these were ref,aired an earthquake re-opened them. The arched roof was then taken down, and a new roof of timbers and tiles was substituted in 1804, and this date is usually taken as the year in which tlie church was finished. Francisco Dumetz,Serra's only surviving com- panion, died at the mission January 14, 1811. His name was perpetuated by Vancouver, the English navigator, who applied it to the north point of Santa Monica Bay. The first party of Americans to arrive in California overland was that one headed by Jedediah S. Smith, in 1826. Heleft Salt take in August, and came by way of the Virgin and Colorado rivers, and up the Mojave Kiver, and through the Cajon Pass. The exact date of his arrival is unknown, but in December Smith had obtained from the Americans at San Diego a certificate that he was a good citizen, and was given supplies by the missionaries, and per- mission to depart from the country, which he did not do. He and his party of trappers were near San Bernardino as late as the next Feb- ruary, when Smith sent back to the mission one of his men who was sick. He subsequently went up north through the San Joaquin Valley, and crossing the Sierra Nevada returned to Salt Lake. In December, 1830, the trial of Henry D. Fitch, of San Diego, took place at San Gabriel before Friar Sancliez There docs not ajipear to have been any written charge distinctly specifying a crime, any m.ore than it M-as loosely alleged that Fitch had greatly scandalized the church (?) by running away with a sefiorita of San Diego. The facts of the case are as follows: The young lady, who had captured the affec- tions of the American sailor, was Josefa Car- rillo, a niece of Don Pio Pico. Her parents were willing, and Fitch himself was so anxious to have her that he joined the Catholic church, but during the marriage ceremony a message from Governor Echeandia stopped further pro- ceedings. His Excellency was a rejected suitor of the young lady! She thereupon counseled an elopement, which the parents approved, and Don Pio Pico himself carried her aboard a vessel. M'here Fitch was already waiting for her, and sailed for Chili, where they were married, and returned to California the next year with an addition to the family in the shape of a small Ixiy. They were arrested at Monterey, and taken to San Gabriel. The offended dignitaries of tiie church could not evade the force of Fitch's marriage certificate, but "considering the great scandal Fitch had caused the province, he was condemned to give as penance a bell of at least fifty pounds weight for the church at Los Angeles," which he never did; at least there is no record to that effect. The general statistics of the Mission of San Gabriel for the whole period of its existence of sixty-three years (from 1771 to 1834) are thus given by Bancroft: Total number of baptisms, 7,854, of which 4,355 were Indian adults, 2,459 Indian children, and 1 adult and 1,039 children of " gente de razon," which may mean tiie Span- iards and their mixed-blooded descendants. Total marriages, 1,955 ; of which 241 were " gente de razon." Total deaths, 5,656; of which 2,896 were Indian adults, 2,363 Indian children, 211 adults and 186 children " de razon." Annual average, 88; annual average death rate, 7.61 per cent, of population. Largest population, 1,701, in 1817. There was a slight excess of males down to 1803, and a greater excess later. HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNT T. The proportion of children varied from one- eighth per cent, at first to one-tenth per cent, at the last. Largest number of cattle, 26,300, in 1828; horses, 2,-iOO, in 1827; mules, 205, in 1814; asses, 6, in 1794; sheep, 15,000, in 1829; goats, 1,380, in 1785; swine, 300, in 1802,1803 and 1822; all kinds, 40,360 animals, in 1830. Total product of wheat, 225,942 bushels; yield, 16 fold. Barley (for only eleven years), 1,250 bushels; yield, 10 fold. Maize, 154,820 bush- els; yield, 145 fold. Beans, 14,467 bushels; yield, 28 fold. In the year 1834, at the time of secularization, there were 163,579 vines in four vineyards, and 2,333 fruit trees. All statistics stop witli tlie attempted secular- ization of the mission ia 1834. HISTOIiY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. CHAPTER V. fHE mission of San Fernando was tiie second to be established within the present c limits of Los Angeles County, and was founded September 8, 1797, under the general plan for the establishment of missions in Alta California, by President Lasuen, assisted by Francisco Dumetz, at a site called by the natives Acliois Comiliavit, on the lands claimed by a Spaniard named Keyes, who quarreled witii tlie friars respecting the ownership of the land. The priests appropriated Reyes' ranch house for their dwelling. The mission was established with the usual religious ceremonies, in the presence of the troops and a great crowd of natives, and dedicated as required by in- structions fronj Mexico to San Fernando, King of Spain. St. Ferdinand was Fernando III., King of Spain, who reigned in 1217-'51, and under whose rule the crowns of Castile and Leon were united. He was the founder of the Spanish Inquisition, and was canonized in 1671 by Pope Clement X. This mission was never so important as that of San Gabriel, and hence its history is necessarily much shorter. Francisco Javier Uria was associate ])riest i with Dumetz, and lioth served till the year 1800 and later. Ten children were baptized the first diiy, and thirteen adults had been added to the list early in October. In 1797 there were fifty- live neophytes on the baptismal register; in ISOO there were 310, there having been to that date 352 baptisms and seventy deaths. The number of cattle (including mules and horses) in 1800 was 526, and of sheep 600. In 1799 there were 1,200 bushels of wheat, corn and barley raised, and the total yield for the three years 1798-1800 was 4,700 bushels. The adobe church with a tile roof, the ruins of which yet remain, was completed and con- secrated in December, 1806. Francisco Dumetz, one of the founders, left in"l802, but was back again in 1804-'05. Uria left the country in 1805. In that year Nicolas Lazaro and Jose Maria Zalvidea (the latter was the priest wlio subsequently acquired such fame at San Gabriel) arrived at the mission, and served as ministers until their transference to otiiei- places. In 1806 Zalvidea was transferred to San Gabriel, wliich he ruled with great success for twenty years, and Lazaro died at San Diego in August, 1807. In that year Jose Antonio Uria and Pedro Mufioz arrived at the mission as regular ministers. Uria retired in November, 1808, and was succeeded by Martin Landeata, who served until his death in 1810. Jose Antonio Urresti came in 1809. The number of neo- phytes in 1810 was 955, and the deaths amounted to a little over fifty per cent, of the baptisms. UISTORT OF LOS ANOELBS COUNTY. In 1804 tlie mission friars were successful in protesting against the granting of Cainulos Hanch to Francisco Avila. In August, 1808, a gentile Indian from the region of Tulare Lake arrived at San Fernando, with a flag which the priests could not identify. He said it " came through a space of ten cap tains;" that is, through a chain of ten tribes by a captain, whose name he did not know, and who wanted to know if it were true that there were civilized people west of the Sierra. The flag was Anally pronounced to be English; but of this there is no certainty. Urresti died in 1812, and Pedro Mufioz left the country in 1817. The history of this priest is worthy of some attention. He was born in Spain in 1733, and came to America in 1803, arriving in California the next year (1804), and served at the mission of San Miguel until he came to San Fernando in 1807, where he served as minister for ten years. During this time he made several expeditions into the interior, the most important being with Moraga, in 1806, going as far north as the Tulare Valley. lie left a diary of this trip. On account of an in- discretion committed on the way to Califoi-nia he excited the suspicion of his inferiors, and instructions came from the President that his conduct should be watched. A scandal con- cerning his relations with the wife of a certain major-domo gained some currency, which Mniioz sensibly denied, and left the statement that the charge was investigated by his superiors and ])roven false. He retired l)y reason of his ill health. Marcus Antonio de Vitoria succeeded Mufioz, serving from 1818 to 1820, and Urresti was succeeded by Joaquin Pascnal Nuez, who served from 1812-'14, and by Vincente Pascual Oliva, who served from 1812-'14. Roman Ullibarri came in January, and Francisco Gonzales de Ybarracamein October, 1820. Vitoria appears to be the only minister from 1815 to 1820, a period of five j-ears. An earthquake occurred December 21, 1812, that did some slight damage to the churcli build- ing, necessitating the introduction of thirty new beams to support the wall. In 1813 a neophyte was killed by the Indian alcalde, who threw a club at him from a distance of some sixty feet with a view to hasten his work. The killing was deemed accidental, and the penalty imposed was two months' imprisonment in the presidio. During 1816-'18 a large number of neophytes deserted, and before 1818 a new chapel was completed. The greatest population of this mission was 1,080, in 1819, and then began its decline. Ybarra was minister in 1821, in which year Ullibarri died, and was buried Santa Gabriel. Captain de la Guerra, in 1821, applied for a grant of the Pirn Rancho, which Father Ybarra was already using to some extent for the mis- sion herds. The controversj' resulted in de la Guerra failing to obtain the rancho; but it was not secured for the mission. About this time complaint was made that the soldiers behaved badly, selling liquor to the Indians. The mis- sion was no longer prosperous in any respect, showing a decline in live-stock and agriculture. The amount of supplies furnished by this mis- sion to the soldiers in 1822-'27 was 821,203. J. J. Warner tells the following interesting story : "In the early part of the autumn of 1833, a little before midday, two American trappers, clothed in buckskin garments, the one feeble and emaciated by disease, the other his attent- ive assistant and companion, arrived at the mission upon jaded mules, coming thither by the mountain path leading from the San Fran- cisco Ranch. They dismounted, and the sick man, aided by his companion, laid himself down upon his blanket under the porch of the mission. The mules were unsaddled and pick- eted out to feed upon the grass. Neither of the two strange travelers had sufficient knowl- edge of the Spanish language to make them- selves understood by those they found at the mission, nor could they comprehend what was said to them. The travelers attempted to sup- ply this lack of intelligible words by signs which were understood to mean that tliev de- HISTOMY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. sired to spend the remainder of the day and the succeeding night in tliat locality. By words, of which they did not understand the meaning, and by signs which were sufficiently plain to be understood by men who had spent years in the mountains among many tribes of Indians (with whom the usual means of interconrse was by signs), they were given to understand that they could not be permitted to remain at San Fer- nando over nigiit; that the pueblo of Los An- geles was near at hand, where they must go to lind a sleeping place. " When it was intimated, by signs, to those of the mission that the sick man could not con- tinue his journey, but that he could sleep under any of the trees about the premises, an emphatic negative was given. " Soon after the church bells had announced the culmination of the sun, pages carried a bountiful repast to the way-worn travelers. For the sick man was brought chicken broth and soups, and also a plentiful supply of excellent wine for both. A desert of fruits and a cup of tea for the invalid concluded the repast. "As the day began to wear away and the priest had arisen from his after-dinner nap, a cup of chocolate and a small piece of sponge cake were taken to the sick man, neither he nor his companion having as yet manifested any in- tention of taking tlieir departure. It was not long after the sending of the chocolate that the priest made his ap])earance in the portico of the building. Keeping himself at a safe distance from where the invalid was lying he talked and gesticulated in so excited a manner, accompanied with such emphatic signs, that the weary trav- elers concluded that their safety would be secured only by a prompt departure. When aliout mid- way across the plain, a man coming from the opposite direction, mounted upon a reeking horse, steered out from the path, and, passing the travelers at a respectable distance, sped on his way toward the mission. The two travelers immediately recognized the horseman as the one who had left the mission while they were preparing to depart therefrom. On thoir arrival at Cahuenga Eancli, the travelers could not find a living soul about the premises, but unmistak- able signs of a recent utter and precipitate abandonment by the occupants were plainly to be seen. The fire in the kitchen (which was a shed or out house) had been but recently extin- guished with water, and not a stick of fire-wood was to be seen about the place. In short, it was evident that everything about the house that might have encouraged the travelers to remain there over night, instead of continuing their march on to Los Angeles, and which could be suddenly removed, had been carried away out of sight. The conclusion was that the horseman had been hurried away from the mission with orders from the priest to the occupants of the ranch to abandon the house and leave nothing to induce them to remain. " Years afterward, this strange treatment of the travelers was explained by the priest who had refused to entertain them. The summer preceding this event a most fearful epidemic had swept off the Indian population of the Sacra- mento and San Joaquin valleys. Vague rumors of this pestilence had reached the ears of this priest, and when he discovered that there were two strangers at his mission who had come from that direction, and that one of them was but the shadow of a man and suffering from disease, he was seized with fear that this fatal malady might be introduced among the thousands be- longing to the mission, and all his powers were aroused to relieve the place from the presence of such unwelcome guests. In after years, when the priest and the once frightfully sick man had become sufficiently acquainted with each other to spend evenings over a social game oiconqtiien, the respective sensations of each at their first meeting were matters of frequent comment and mutual raillery.'' In 1834, with others, the mission of San Fernando was secularized; and Lieutenant An- tonio Del Valle was the commissioner in charge Ybarra continued his ministry until the middle of the year 1835, when he temporarily retired to Mexico. His successor was Cabot, who HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. served until his death, in October, 1886. Bias Ordez came in 1838 and served two 3'ears. In 1840 there were still about 400 Indians in the ex-mission community. Del Valle, who sec- ularized the mission in 1834, became its major- domo the nextyeai", which position he held until the year 1837, when he was succeeded by Anas- tasio Carrillo. Captain Jose M. Villavicencio served as administrator from the middle of the year 1838. At one period of its history there were nearly one and a half miles of buildings connected with this mission, these including residences, work- shops, schools and store-houses, all of which are now in ruins. The edifice erected especially as an abode for the padres and rejjuted to be the finest of its kind in Alta California, is, however, still standing in a fair state of preservation. It is principally interesting as having been the abode of the Mexican General, Andres Pico, and was his headquarters during the war of occupation. It is two-story, nearly 300 feet in length by eighty feet in width, inside meas- urements; and the walls — of brick and adobe — are four feet thick. The rafters, after being cut in the mountain forests many miles away, were dragged here by Indians and oxen, each log being occasionally turned upon the way, " that all sides might be planed alike." They are as smooth as though really planed. The long cor- ridor of this building is paved with brick, and the heavy tile roof is supported by arches an d columns of masonry. Many of the windows are protected by iron bars, giving it a somewhat prison-like appearance. The church building — in all the tottering decrepitude of venerable decay — measures 45 x 150 feet within walls. It is entirely dismantled, and no service has been held therein for years. The general statistics of the San Fernando Mission from the date of its foundation in the year 1797 till its secularization in 1834, are as follows: Total number of baptisms, 2,839, of which 1,415 were Indian adults, 1,367 Indian children, 57 children de razon. Total marriages, 849; of which 15 were gente de razon. Deaths, 2,028; 1,036 were Indian adults, 965 Indian children, 12 white adults and 15 white children. The largest population was 1,080 in 1819. The sexes were nearly equal; children from one fourth to one-third. Largest number of cattle, 12,800 in 1819; horses, 1,320 in 1820; mules, 340 in 1812; sheep 7,800 in 1819; goats, 600 in 1816; swine, 250 in 1814; all kinds, 21,745 animals in 1819. Total product of wheat, 119,000 bushels, yield nineteen fold; barley, (only raised six years) 3,070 bushels, fourteen fold; maize, 27,750 bushels, eighty-three fold; beans, 3,624 bushels, fourteen fold. The church is 40x60 varas, tiled roofetl, board ceiling, brick floor, adobe walls, three doors, seven windows with wooden bars; sacristy, eight varas square, with one door and window. The mission also had 32,000 vines, 1,600 fruit trees; this in the year 1835. UISTOBT OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. t^atg^'^'^'Sgi'^'^^i^' agtgji^g^:-?^: (^iSf'(g?»;s%^(^«ss^f." ft THE SECULARIZATION OF THE MISSIONS. "^ r^p^^"^^ CHAPTER VI. fllE secularization of tlie niissions had been a great political question in Mexico for many 3'ears, extending even back into the days of Spanish domination. To " secularize the missions" meant not to destroy them, as the at- tempt resulted in California, but to take them from thecontrolof the missionaries, makecitizens of the converts, and place the missions and the new-made citizens thereafter under the spiritual guidance of the regular clergy. It was at first thought that the missions would l)e ready in ten years after tlieir founding to convert into pueb- los, the christianized Indian by that time being supposed to be ready to be clothed with civil rights. The theory was pretty but not practical. The fact was, the Indian, with rare exception, was never anything more than a brute in human form, and all the prayers and chants he could learn to repeat by rote never made him anything else than a child in mind that he was. In the hands of the priest he practically became a slave, building churches and toiling in the fields, flogged when lazy, or otherwise punished se- verely when he attempted to renew his wild freedom, or was hunted like a wild beast if he did escape. The priest stood to him in loco paretitis; indeed, in the nature of the native it never could be otherwise. Again, the mission- ary found in the unrequited labor of the Indian a source of rapidly increasing wealth. The im- mense riches of the missions were all created by Indian labor. The priests, notwithstanding their vows of " chastity, poverty and obedience," are only human, and when once tliis wealth and its mode of acquirement was within tiieir grasp, it is no wonder they were loth to let it go. It is also no wonder tiiat the " regular clergy " were anxious to get a bite of the missionary pie. To such a crisis did the controversy come in South America, that, at the solicitation of the Bishop of Guiana, the Cortes of Spain, in 1813, passed a decree fixing the limit of the life of missions at ten years; but, with the struggle for independence in Mexico, the question did not come prominently to the. front for several years. After independence had been secured the ques- tion again came up. The clergy urged the execution of the plan; but the missionaries pro- tested that the Indians were not ready to become citizens, being incapable of self-government, which was true. In California a stronger argu- ment still was urged by the people, and that was that the missions were monopolizing all the good land to the exclusion of the settlers. And still another argument in favor of secularization was that of the politician, who ever hopes for more spoils of office. Finally the Mexican Congress, anxious to fill its depleted treasury, enacted a law to that end, which was supplemented at once by similar legislation in California. Says Warner, in the Flistorical Sketch: " It was not contemplated, either by the Gov- ernment of New Spain or the Directory of tiie College of San Fernando, that the missions to HISTORY OF LOS AN0ELE8 COUNTY. be established should remain permanently as missions, but that at the expiration of ten years from the founding of each and every mission, it should be converted into a municipal organiza- tion, known as a pueblo, and that the property created and acquired by the mission during the term of its continuance should vest in the in- habitants of the political organization. It soon became evident, to both the ecclesiastic and po- litical authorities, that at the end of the ten years the neophytes of a mission — the converted Indians — would be incompetent to ibrm a po- litical organization or to riglitly use and man- age the property accumulated by the mission; and consequently no steps were taken while Cali- fornia wassubject to Spain, nor for more than lifty years after the establishment of the first mission in California, to convert them into pueblos. " After the independence of Mexico, 1821, the discharged soldiers and their offspring, who de- sired to obtain land upon which to breed cattle, began to agitate the matter of the conversion of the missions into towns, and in 1824 the Mexi- can Congress enacted a law under which, in 1828, the Executive of the Mexican Government issued regulations for the disposal of the public lands. The conversion of the missions into towns did not meet with the approbation and hearty ajtproval of the friars in charge of the missions, and the transition was so slow, and attended with so many obstacles, that only the mission of San Juan Capistrano reached the condition of being dressed in the swaddling clothes of a political organization. The control and management of the neophytes and the tem- poralities of the missions were taken from the friars about 1835 and given to secular officers, called administrators, who were appointed by the Governor of California. " When the friars became convinced that the conversion of the missions into towns was de- termined upon by the Mexican Government, the prudent and economical management of the missions, which hitherto had been the practice, became, during the last few years in which they were under their control, wasteful. Under the far more improvident management of the secular officers, the personal effects of the missions rapidly diminislied, and those buildings which had been reared by the toil and labor of thou- sands of Indian converts, and which had so heavily taxed the powers of the friars, and had been their pride and their glory, were not long in giving evidence of neglect. The artificial watercourses, which had been constructed under the direction of the friars, to conduct water to the gardens, orchards, fields and vineyards for irrigation, were neglected, their banks broken and rendered useless for the conveyance of water. The orchards and vineyards were left without irrigation or proper cultivation. Groves of olives were barbarously felled and converted into firewood. Fruit orchards and vineyards were left unprotected by fence from the inroads of cattle, until in 1846 hardly a vestige of the vines, which had covered scores of acres of land, was left remaining. The orange orchard of San Gabriel, and a fragment of the vineyard and olive grove of San Fernando, still remain, as living witnesses of the energy and untiring in- dustry of those zealous friars who, coming into a country full to overflowing with ignorant, savage barbarians, changed them into patient, docile laborers, and in less than fifty years tilled the country with fruitfulness." In 1846 Governor Pio Pico was autiiorized by the California Legislature to sell the mission es- tates at auction, distributing among the Indians any surplus of funds that might exist, and in any case providing for the maintenance of the priests and the expenses of public worship. Before the decree was carried into effect there arrived an order from Mexico suspending all proceedings in the sale of mission property.. Pico, however, had sold Sau Luis Rey to Reid & Workman. The San Fernando Mission was sold to Celis, for $14,000. In the case of the San Gabriel Mission, after American occupation, the Supreme Court decided that Pico had no right to make the sale; but the title of the San Fernando Mission was confirmed by the United States Land Commission. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. HE CITY OF LOS ANGELES FROM THE FOUNDING UNTIL THE MEXICAN WAR. CHAPTER VII. ^^IIE town of Los Angeles was founded by HWi Grovernor Felipe de Neve, September 4, ^3 1781. The town was made a city and capital of Alta California on May 23, 1835, by the Mexican Congress, but it did not actually become the capital until ten years later. April 4, 1850, the city was incorporated by the Legis- lature of the American State of California. The I'easons why it was named Los Angeles have been already given. Tiie causes which led to the selection of the site and the founding of the town will now be told. Supplies for the missions and presidios were yearly shipped from San Bias. It often hap- pened that these supplies were deficient in quality or quantity. Once they entirely failed to reach their destination, and the priests and soldiers were compelled for the time to live on in ilk and what few herbs tiiey could gather. If California could raise its own grains, fruits and vegetables these troubles would not again occur. JN'ot only would it reduce the expense of main- taining the northern establishments, but it would render them more self-reliant. Captain Anza had brought back the report from Cali- fornia in 1774 that there were good agricultural lands on the Colorado Eiver; and Governor Felipe de Neve, who received the appointment of his office that same year, was directed by the Viceroy of New Spain to look out for similar lands near and convenient to the missions. Pie arrived at Loreto in March, 1775, and at once assumed his office. Loreto is situated on the eastern side of the peninsula of California like its namesake on the Adriatic side of Italy. It is in about latitude 25° 29' north, and was the first mission on the peninsula, having been founded in 1697. In August, 1775, Governor de Neve was or- dered to transfer the capital to Monterey, but he did not receive his final orders till July of the next year, just sixteen days after American Independence had been declared. Nothing much is known of De Neve's journey to Monterey, ex- cept that he went overland, and arrived there February 3, 1777. He kept the matter in mind to look out for suitable sites for agricult- ural colonies, and finally reported that he had selected two sucii places as fit for experiment. One was on the Rio de Porciiacula in the south, and the other was on the Rio de Gaudalupe in the north. He also determined to found two pueblos (or towns), one on eacli of these rivers, and asked the Viceroy for four laborers and other necessary assistance. Before ho received a reply he made up his mind to at once estab- lish tlie northern pueblo; and, accordingly, he took nine of the soldiers from the fort at Mon- terey, who knew something of farming, and five settlers, who had come to California with Anza, making about sixty-six persons in all, and on November 7, 1777, founded the pueblo or town of San Jose. Echeveste's regulations for the government of HISTORY OF LOS -ANGELES COUNTY. California, whicli had been prepared, as tlie re- sult of Junipero Serra's visit to Mexico in 1773, were next revised by De Neve, and published in 1779, and became of effect as law, with the ap- jiroval of King Carlos III., from thebe ginning of the year 1781. A.n important feature of this new law was in reference to the founding of a pueblo on the Rio Porcilncula, at the liistoric camping spot of Gov- ernor Portohl in 1769, and was therefore to be called "Nuestra Seiicra de los Angeles." The pueblo was to have a guard of four soldiers for two years. Settlers were to be obtained from the older provinces; to be granted each a house- lot and a tract of land for cultivation; to be supplied at the beginning with the necessary live-stock, implements and seed, which advance was to be gradually repaid within five years from the produce of the land; to be paid eacli an annual sum of §116.50 for two years, and $60 for the next three years, the payment to be in clothing and other necessary articles at cost prices; to have as communities tiie use of Gov- ernment lands for pasturage and for wood and water; and filially to be free from church tithes or State taxes for five years. Government aid in the way of money and cattle was to be given only to colonists who left tlieir own country to come to Calilbrnia; but in respect of lands, other colonists, sucli as discharged soldiers, were entitled to equal privileges. In return for aid thus received the colonists were simply re quired to sell to the jiresidios exclusively the surplus products of their lands, at fair prices to be fi.xed from time to time by the Government, in accordance with tlie market rates in the southern ]irovinces. Each settler must keep himself and liorses and muskets in readiness for military service in an emergency. They must take their farms togetlier within the pueblo limits of four square leagues, according to Spanish law; they could not alienate their lands nor in any way encumber them with mortgages or otherwise; tliey must build houses, dig irri- gating ditclies, cultivate, own and keep in re- pair certain implements and maintain a certain number of animals. They could not kill or otherwise dispose of their live-stock, except under certain regulations to insure its increase; neither could one person own more than fifty animals of a kind (!). Certain community work must be done in the construction of dams and irrigating canals, on roads and streets, church and necessary town buildings, and in tilling the propios (or pueblo lands), from the product of which the municipal expenses were to be paid. The municipal ofiicers at first were to be appointed by the Governor but afterward chosen by the people. In December, 1779, Governor De Neve sent Lieutenant-Governor Don Fernando Ilivera y Moncada to Sinaloa and Sonora for the purpose of recruiting soldiers for the Santa Barbara pre- sidio and missions and settlers for the new pueblo on the Rio Porciuncula. He does not appear to have had an easy time in enlisting soldiers and settlers for California; for by August 1, 1780, he had recruited only forty-five soldiers and seven settlers. But by the 25th he had nearly completed his number at Rosario, in Sinaloa. According to instructions he was to recruit twenty-four settlers and fifty-nine sol- diers. He obtained, however, but little more than half the number of settlers. The soldiers were to march to California overland from Alamos, in Sonora, by way of Tucson and the Colorado Rive'r, and were commanded by Rivera in person. Leaving Alamos in April, 1781, they arrived in July, at the junction of the Gila and Colorado rivers, where Rivera sent on the most of his troops to San Gabriel Mission, while he remained to recruit the live-stock before attempting to cross the Colorado Desert. Here he was massacred by the Yuma Indians, who at the same time burned the two missions and massacred the priests on the opposite side of the river in California from where he was camping. The remainder of the recruits crossed the Gulf of (California from Guaymas to Loreto, under command of Lieutena>it Jose Ziiniga. In this party were the eleven settlers and their families who had been enlisted for the pueblo on the HIsrORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Porciiincula. All were en route for the north bj May 16, coming up overland on tlie penin- sula, and all arrived August 18 at San Gabriel, where they were kept in quarantine three miles from the mission for a few days, as some of the children were recovering from the small-pox. On the 26th of August, Governor De JS^eve issued his proclamation containing instructions for the foundation of the pueblo Nuestra Seiiora de los Angeles, which, besides reciting the general provisions of the law for the establish- ment of pueblos, contained many additional particulars respecting the survey and the dis- tribution of lots. The site selected for tlie new pueblo was on the bench of land where that part of the city now called " Sonoratown " stands, overlooking the Eio Porciiincula, which name was then changed for that of the town. Here, in a quiet manner, with little or no ceremony, was founded, September 4, 1781, the pueblo of Los Angeles. There can be no doubt as to the exactness of this date; although by a strange error, when the centennial anniversary of tlie founding was celebrated, the 5th was chosen for the date. II. H. Bancroft, who more tlian any person has had access to the original records in the archives of Mexico, hints at no other date; hence the date of September 5 as given by Don Juan de Toro, in his » Autlientic History," and Major Ben. C. Truman in his writings on Soutliern California, must be erroneous, as they do not agree with the original records. The founders of the pueblo, who had been enlisted in Sinaloa, were as follows: 1. Jose de Lara, a Spaniard fifty years old; had an Indian wife and three children. 2. Jose Antonio Navarro, a mestizo forty-two years old, whose wife was a mulattress, and had three children. 3. Basilic Eosas, an Indian sixty-eight years old; had a mulatto wife and six children. 4. Antonio Mesa, a negro thirty-eight years old; had a mulatto wife and two children. 5. Antonio Felix Villaviceneio, a Spaniard thirty years old; liad an Indian wife and one child. 6. Jose Vanegas, an Indian twenty-eight years old; had an Indian wife and one child. 7. Alejandro Rosas, an Indian nineteen years old, and had an Indian wife. 8. Pablo Rodriguez, an Indian twenty-five years old, and had an Indian wife and one child. 9. Manuel Camero, a mulatto thirty years old, and had a mulatto wife. 10. Luis Quintero, a negro fifty-five years old, and liad a mulatto wife and five children. 11. Jose Moreno, a mulatto twenty-two years old, and had a mulatto wife. Thus there were eleven families, consisting of forty-fo\ir persons, and no more, who constituted the founders of Los Angeles. Not counting the children, there were two Spaniards, nine Indians, one mestizo, eight mulattoes and two negroes, truly "a mixtie, maxtie, motley squad," as Burns would say. Not one of them could read or write, and only one of them, Navarro, had a trade; he was a tailor. They were very poor, or else they would never have come so far for such low wages. Poor in purse, poor in learning and poor in blood, the founders of Los Angeles were cei-tainly among the scum of Mexico. As to the number, Bancroft himself strangely contradicts the original records, which he gives in a foot-note, from which the above is taken, for in the body of his subject-matter he says there were " twelve settlers with their families, forty-six persons in all," and then re- fers directly to the foot-note, which contains the names as above given. The name of a twelfth settler does indeed appear, that of Antonio Miranda, but Bancroft immediately says he was then absent at Loreto, and on the next page says, " The record does not show that Miranda, the chino, ever came to Los Angeles at all," so he could not have been one of the founders. They were engaged at |110 per month for three years, and rations of one " real " (12^ cts.) per day for ten years, though this did not agree with De Neve's law, which had probably been modi- fied ; $2,546 was furnished them in Sonora, and $500 in California, and there was due to them December 31, 1781, $2,303. Two of the origi- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. nal recruits bad deserted before reaching the country, and tiiree of the " founders," Lara, Mesa andQuiutero, the first was a Spaniard and the two last wore negroes, were sent away in 1782 as " useless to the town and to thetuseives." But the rest went to work, and soon the Gov- ernor reported satisfactory progress in their irri- gating ditch and mud-roofed huts of palisades, the latter before the end of 1784 being replaced by adobe houses, the needed public buildings having also been erected, and a church begun of the same material. It would be an interesting and perhaps not unprofitable task for some historian to trace out the subsequent life of these founders, humble though they were, and their genealogical lines of descent. It is also interesting to here note the popular errors which exist and flourish vigorously in the annual editions of local news- papers, in the writings of eastern correspond- ents, and in various ephemeral pamphlets about the early history of the city. 1. That the name of Los Angeles — the angels — was given on account of the climate. It was so given because a religious ceremony was here celebrated on the day of the first arrival of white men, August 2, 1769, the fes- tival of '• Our Lady of the Angels." 2. That the founders were soldiers, or had been soldiers. Generally the fancy is here greatly drawn upon by various writers, in de- scribing how the old soldiers of the king started the town. It is true there was a guard of four soldiers at first provided for the town. It is also true that many discharged soldiers settled in Los Angeles after it was founded. The founders themselves were also required to bear arms in any emergency that might arise; but it is not true that any of them at the time of their enlistment as colonists, or previous thereto, were soldiers.^ Indeed their enlistment was. almost in the nature of a draft, for Rivera was nearly eight months in securing them in a populous part of Mexico. The record is very clear that they were enlisted as pobladores (town settlers), and not as solados (or soldiers). The very first idea of the founding of Los Angeles was that of an agricultural colony, to help supply the northern establishments, and not as a soldiers' home, as is often pictured. It was a pueblo (town), and not a presidio (fort). The discrepancies in the number of settlers, as given by various writers, have already been mentioned. 3. The statement that a Chinaman was one of the founders is generally made by the same writers, who claim the founders were all sol- diers! It would be interesting to know how a long-tailed, ahnond-eyed denizen of the Orient came to be in the military service of the house of Bourbon! It is true there was a "chino" enlisted, as has been already stated, but he never came to Los Angeles, at least so far as is known. While the Spanish word "chino" may ordinarily mean a Chinaman, some scholars claim it is also used in Spanish America for persons of difterent blood, as a child of mixed Spanish and negro blood, or it is applied to a person or animal having curly hair. J. J. Warner, of Connecticut, arrived in Los Angeles in the year 1831, being then twenty - four years old. He undoubtedly conversed with some of the founders and other early settlers of the city. Forty-five years later he wrote an important chapter in " An Historical Sketch of Los Angeles County," from which is taken the following: " For the center of the town a parallelogram, 100 varas* long and seventy-five wide, was laid out as a public square. Twelve house- lots fronting on the square occupied three sides of it, and one-half of the remaining side of seventy-five varas was destined for public build- ings, and the other half an open space. Tiie location of the public square would nearly cor- respond to the following lines: The southeast corner of Upper Main and Marchessault streets for the southern or southeastern corner of the square; the east line of LTpper Main street, from the above-named corner 100 varas in a northerly direction, for the east line of the HISTORY OP LOS ANOELES COUNTY. square; the eastern line of New High street for the western line of the square; and the northern line of Marchessault street for the southern line of the square.* At a short distance from tlie public square, and upon the alluvial bottom land of the river, upon whicli the water of tlie river for irrigation could be easily conducted, tliere were laid out thirty fields for cultivation. The fields contained 40,000 square varas each, and were mostly laid out in tlie form of a square, and separated from each other by nar- row lanes. In accord with the paternal idea of the Spanish Government the head of each family was furnished from the royal treasury with two oxen, two inules, two mares, two sheep, two goats, two cows with one calf, one ass and one hoe, and to the settlers in common the tools for a cart-maker. These articles, as well as the live-stock, were all charged to the individuals respectively, or to the community, at a price fixed by tlie Government, and the amount was to be deducted insmall installments from their pay. " As the Government of California was a combination of military and ecclesiastical powers, so the municipal government devised for the settlers of Los Angeles was a compound of political and military government, in which the latter largely predominated. All the municipal power was vested in one officer, called alcalde, who was appointed by the Governor, who was himself the military commander of the country, or by a military officer who commanded the military district in wliich the town was situated. The territory of Upper California was divided into military districts corresponding in number with the military posts, which were four, and the jurisdiction of the commanding officer of the post extended over the district, and civil as well as military matters came under liis cog- nizance. " The adult males and those over eighteen years were enrolled, and were subject to the performance of guard duty, both by day and night, at the guard-house, wliich was located on the public square. * * * * " "We find a military officer, one whose juris- diction was co-extensive with that of the com- manding officer of the garrison of Santa Bar- bara, granting a house-lot in the town of Los Angeles, on the 2dd of June, 1821. This lot, upon which the Pico House stands, was granted to Jose Antonio Carrillo by his brother Anas- tacio Carrillo, a military officer, who styled him- self commissioner. The exclusive jurisdiction of tlie alcalde, the chief officer of Los Angeles, was extremely limited, even if in practice it was known to exist. Cases of all kinds, except such as could be heard by ecclesiastical authorities, both civil and criminal, and of trivial character, went from the alcalde and beyond the territorial jurisdiction of Los Angeles, to be heard and de- termined by the military commandant of a gar- rison more than a hundred miles distant. " The absence of municipal records for the first half century after the founding of Los Angeles of itself raises the presumption that the municipal officers exercised but little au- thority during that time. After the allotment of house lots and fields for cultivation to the original twelve [only nine received land grants — Ed. I settlers, there does not appear to have been any record kept of the grants of either house-lots or farming lands until as late as 1836. "The system adopted by the Government for the formation of pueblos, and the granting of building lots and farming lands to settlers within the limits of a pueblo, did not require a record of the grant. In conferring upon a set- tler the right to acquire and occupy a lot upon which to build a dwelling-house and land to cultivate, the Government did not absolutely divest itself of its title to and control over the soil. The settler who erected a house upon a lot assigned to him, or lenced and cultivated a field which had been set off to him, did not be- come vested with the unconditional title of own- ership to either. If he, without justifiable cause, suffered his house to remain unoccupied, or to fall into decay, or his field to remain un- cultivated for two consecutive years, it became HI STOUT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. subject to denouncement by any other person legally competent to take by grant, and the granting authorities could and were by law re- quired, upon a proper showing of the abandon- ment, to grant the property to the informant, ■who then acquired the same and no better rights than tiiose possessed by his predecessor." From the iirst directory publislied in Los Angeles in 1872, by Messrs. A. J. King and A. Waite, the following account is taken: " For the town site a parallelogram 100 varas long by seventy five in width was laid out. Upon three sides of this were house-lots, each 40 X 20 varas, excepting the two corner lots, which, fronting in part on two sides of the square, were of a different figure. One-half the remaining side of the parallelogram was open, and the other half was for the guard- house, royal officers and a granary. The loca- tion of this town site was above or northeast of the present Catholic church. The guard-house and royal building, which occupied the west half of the southwestern side of tlie parallelo- gram, were on the opposite of [Upper] Main street, from Campbell's store [then at the soutii junction of Upper and North Main streets]. The four lines of the parallelogram, instead of run- ning toward tiie four cardinal points, were about cqui-distant between them. An irrigating ditch, bringing the water from the river, passed along to the east, and close to those lots, on the south- east corner of the square. Thirty fields for cultivation were also laid out. Twenty-six of these fields contained each 40,000 square varas. Tiiey were, with the exception of four, which were 300 varas by 100, 200 varas square, and separated by lanes three varas wide. Tiie fields were located between the irrigating ditch and the river, and mostly above a line running direct and nearly east from tiie town site to the river. The distance from the irrigating ditch to the river, across these fields, was upward of 1,200 varas. At that time the river ran along where now [1872] stand the houses of Julian Chavez and Elijah Moulton. It was evident that when the town was laid out the bluff bank, which in modern times extended from Aliso street up by the Stearns [the Capitol in 1889], mill to the toraa did not exist, but was made when the river ran near the town. * * * Subsequent to the settlement of the town the river abandoned its bed, and fiowed to the west side of all the fields along where the Eagle Mill [Lankershim's mill in 1889] now stands, and where Alameda street is now located. The old fields were either washed away or covered up with sand by the change in the river's bed. In 1825 the river again left its bed and made a new one nearly intermediate between the two preceding ones. * * * "The public square and the houses around it fell into decay and ruins, while the growth of the town was mostly on the southwest of the original site. This might have been, and probably was, caused by the change in the bed of the river, the destruction of the agricultural fields and the washing out and leaving the bed of the river so much where the water was taken out, that the water could not be brought into the original ditch, and the inhabitants were forced to make new fields in the neighborhood of what is now San Pedro street." Jose Francisco Sinova, who had lived some time in California as a laborer, was the first to apply to for admission as a settler in the pueblo in 1785. In September of the next year, Jose Argiiello, an ensign in the Spanish army, received a com- mission from Governor Pedro Fages, the suc- cessor of De Neve, to survey the pueblo and put the settlers in possession of their lands. He took Corporal Vicente Felix and Private Eoque de Cota, of the pueblo guard, as legal witnesses. In the performance of his duty Ar- giiella summoned each of the settlers, whose numbers had by this time been reduced to nine, and in the presence of them all granted first the house-lot, then the four fields, and finally the branding iron by which the live-stock of each was to be distinguished from that of his neigh- bors. In botii house-lots and fields the pretense of a measurement was made. In each case the UISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. nature of the grant was fully explained, the grantee assented to the conditions involved, and for each of the twenty-seven grants a separate document was drawn up, each bearing, besides the signature of Argiiello and his witnesses, a cross, for not one of the settlers could write his name. The nine settlers included eight of the founders of the pueblo: Pablo Rodriguez, Jose Vanegas, Jose Moreno, Felix Villavicencio, Ba- silio Eosas, Antonio Navarro, Manuel Caraero and Alejandro Eosas; and Jose Francisco Sinova, the new-comer, made the ninth. The population of the pueblo grew quite rapidly in the next four years, being recruited chiefly from soldiers who had served out their time, the increase being from nine to twenty- eight iamilies, making a total population of 141.* The twenty new settlers were Domingo Aruz, Juan Alvarez, Joaquin Armenta, Juan Kamirez Arellano, Sebastian Alvitre, Roque Cota, Faus- tino Jose Criiz, Juan Jose Domingnez, Manuel Figueroa, Felipe Santiago Garcia, Joaquin Iliguera, Juan Jose Lobo, Jose Ontiveros, San- tiago de la Cruz Pico, Francisco Reyes, Pedro Jose Romero, Eiigenio Ruiz, Mariano Verdugo and Jose Villa, besides Vicente Felix, the cor- poral and commissioner of the pueblo. In 1789 there were Ave new settlers: Jose Silvas, Rejis Soto, Francisco Lugo, Melecio Val- dez and Rafael Sepiilveda. In 1790 the large stock numbered 2,980 iiead ; small stock, 438; and the crop of that year amounted to 4,500 bushels. Jose Vanegas was the first alcalde in 1788; Jose Sinova the second in 1789, with Felipe Garcia and Manuel Caniero as regidores; and Mariano Verdugo was the third alcalde in 1790. The year 1788 appears to have been the first date of any municipal government. Vicente Felix was at first corporal of the pueblo guard, which was furnished by the San Diego presidio. He was made a kind of director before 1784, * A ceoBUB taken Auguet 14, 1790, is ns foUowe: Mnles, 75; females, no. Unmurried, 91 ; mdrried, 44; widowed, fi. Under 7 years, 47; 7 to IB years, 3.3; 16 to » years, IS; 29 to 40 years, 27; 40 to 90 years, U; over 90 years, 9. Europeans, 1; Spaniards, 72; Indians, 7; niulat- toes, 22; mestizos, 39. being responsible to the Governor through the commandant at Santa Barbara. In 1787 he received especial instructions from Governor Fages to see that the settlers performed their duties, and to co-operate generally with the alcalde in the administration of law. The set- tlers did not then have the reputation of being very orderly. There were in 1790 twenty-nine adobe residences, besides the town hall, barrack, guard-house and granaries; and all were enclosed by an adobe wall. There were also a few build- ings outside the wall. Events were common-place enough for the next ten years in the pueblo, which was for many years a genuine Mexican sleepy hollow. In 1800 the white population was 315, chiefly increased from the maturity of children and additions of retired soldiers. Horses and cattle numbered 12,500; sheep, 1,700; while the crop tliat year was 4,600 bushels, mostly maize. They offered that year to co. tract for 3,400 bushels of wheat annually at $1.66 per bushel for the San Bias market, but it does not appear that the offer was taken. In 1800 Vicente Felix was still the pueblo commissioner, having been temporarily relieved in 1795-'96 by Javier Alvarado. The suc- cessive alcaldes were: Mariano Verdugo, elected in 1790; Francisco Reyes, 1793-'95; Jose Vane- gas, 1796; Manuel Arellano, 1797; Guillermo Soto, 1798; Francisco Serrano, 1799, and Joa- quin Higuera in 1800. A story illustrative of the times is told by Padre Salazar, that when he was here in 1795, a man who had 1,000 mares, and cattle in pro- portion, came to Sail Gabriel to beg for cloth to make him a shirt, fur none could be had at Los Angeles! The records for the beginning of the first decade in the nineteenth century are deficient, there being no mention of any town officials for the first nine years. In 1809 Javier Alvarado, a Sergeant in the Spanish army, was town commissioner, and the probabilities are that he had acted in that capacity for the preceding nine years. He was UrSTOBT OF LOS ANOELES VOUNTY. succeeded in 1810 by Guillermo Cota, who probably also served during the following year. Mariano Verdngo was again alcalde in 1802, and with him, as a ineinlier of the aynntamiento (or town council), were Fructuoso Kuiz and Ramon Buelna as regidores. Also Guillermo Soto served as alcalde probably for a part of the year 1809, with Anastasio Avila and Teodoro Silvas as regidores. Francisco Avila also served as alcalde, probably for part of the year 1810, with Avila and Silvas as regidores. In 1810 the population was 365, to which should be added about fifty persons who were recruited from the town as soldiers for the pre- sidios. The number of cattle and horses had decreased nearly fifty per cent, by reason of intentional slaughter. The sheep were still less than 2,000 in number, and the crops of wheat and maize varied from 3,000 to 4,000 fanegas.* In 1805-'06 the crops of maize and beans were devoured by locusts. In 1809 drunkenness and other excesses were alarmingly on the increase, and despite the efforts of the commissioner in that year the stocks were always filled. In 1810 a quarrel arose between the people of Los Angeles and the mission priests. The latter were accused of cutting off the supply of water from the town by damming the Los An- geles River at Cahuenga; but the priests ex- pressed themselves willing to remove the dam if the town people could prove that it was a real injury to them. Another cause of the quarrel was the refusal of the priests to attend the sick in the town. During the first decade of this century there were no additions to the popula- tion from outside, the increase coming from births and retirement of soldiers. Guillermo Gotawas commissioner from 1810- '17; Juan Ortega, in 1819. Antonio Maria Lugo was alcalde in 1816, and again in 1818. In 1819 Anastasio Avila was alcalde, and Tomas Uribes was regidor. In 1820 Anastasio Avila was again alcalde, and Antonio Ignacio Avila was regidor. During the decade closing with 1820 the * A fanega in 1.599 of an English biiBhcl. poinilation varied as follows: 1811, 354; 1815, 478; 1818, 586; 1820, 650,including the ranches surrounding. In 1817 there were 53,186 vines planted in the city. In August, 1814, the corner-stone of the present church on the plaza was laid by Father Gil. Nothing further was done on the church for seven years. In January, 1818, the site of the church was changed in favor of a higher point, near the commissioner's house, probably the present place. At this time the citizens subscribed 500 cattle for the building of the church, and in 1819 the priests of the different missions subscribed seven barrels of brandy to the building fund. The money realized from the sale of the cattle and brandy enabled them to build the church as far up as the window arches before 1821. It was completed and dedi- cated December 8, 1832. The quarrel between the priests and the peo- ple in regard to the latter having the privilege of religious exercises in the city still continued, the priests at Saa Gabriel and San Fernando contending that the town people should come to the respective missions to have their spiritual interests cared for. There was also a quarrel between the priests and the town people in re- gard to the pueblo and mission limits, the priests contending that the town people pastured their stock on land belonging to the missions, and the town people complained that the priests wanted all the land. On April 30, 1815, the citizens of Los An- geles ratified the federal constitution of the Mexican Republic. During this month a big flood occurred, which turned the Los Angeles River into a new course, and did much damage to gardens and live-stock. The first school in Los Angeles was kept in 1817-'18, by Maximo Pina, a retired soldier, who received $140 a year for his services. The year 1818 is famous in the history of California as the "Year of the Insnrgents" (EI Alio de los Insurgentes), when Captain Ilippo- lyte Bouchard, a Frenchman, appeared in No- vember at Monterey with two vessels, and, alter niBTORT OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. a battle, captured that place, with a loss of two of his creM' taken prisoners by the Spanish. One was an American named Joseph Chapman, afterward distinguished at Los Angeles as the builder of the mill at San Gabriel Mission, and a workman on the church at Los Angeles; the other was Thomas Fisher, an American negro. Bouchard sailed down the coast and landed at the Ortega Eanch, near Santa Barbara, which he plundered and burned the houses. At this place the Spaniards, December 2, captured three prisoners — William Tajlor, a native uf Boston, and a negro, and a native of South America, whose names are not given. Fonr days later Bouchard exchanged a prisoner, a Californian whom he liad captured at Monterey, for these three men. The appearance of Bouchard and his vessels created great alarm along the coast, and Los Angeles furnished a company of men who went to Santa Barbara and were present at the affair at Ortega Kauch. Bouchard next appeared at San Juan Capistrano, on December 14, where he plundered the mission of wines and other supplies, and disappeared. He was a privateer from the Buenos Ayres Eepublic, of South America, under a commission from Chili, which was then struggling for its independence from Spain. The next day after his disappearance from San Juan, four deserters from hira pre- sented themselves and asked for pardon on the ground that they had been forced against their will to enlist in the Insurgents' services. These four men were — John Rose, a Scotch traveler aged twenty-seven ; Mateo Jose Pascual, a negro; Pedro Zalvidar, of Buenos Ayres, and Nicholas Chabarria, of Bogota, South America. These men afterward settled in California. For 1821 Anastasio Carrillo was commis- sioner, Anastasio Avila was acalde, and Antonio Ignacio Avila and Jose Maria Aguilar were regidores. In 1822 Carrillo was again com- missioner, Manuel Gutierrez was alcalde, and Jose Palomares was a member of the Legislative Assembly. In November of this year, although the ayuntamiento had been acting, it was for- mally established by order of the provincial Legislature; but the incumbent officers continued their places, and the only real change was the addition of a sindico and a secretary, whose names, as indeed those of the regidores for this year are not given. By this act the civil au- thority was supposed to be fully organized, and the military office of commissioner no longer needed; but at the request of the old soldiers the Governor appointed GuiMermo Cota as commissioner, who was to have jurisdiction over criminal matters only. The town officers de- clined to recognize his authority, or any military authority whatever over the citizens, and were met with a sharp reprimand from the Governor. The question again came up in 1825, over Cota's reappointment as commissioner, and the matter was compromised by the. election of Cota as alcalde. In 1823 Manuel Gutierrez was alcalde, Juan Ballesteros was regidor, and Francisco Morales was secretary of the ayuntamiento, at a salary of $15 a month. In February of this year, Guillermo Cota was appointed commissioner, which office he held for two years. In 1824 Encarnacion Urguideo was alcalde, and Juan Ballesteros was regidor; this year is noted for the complaint that the town was tilled with vagrants. In 1825 Jose Maria Avila was alcalde until October, when he was suspended from office by the people. The regidores were Francisco Sep- lilveda and Jose Maria Aguilar. Sepulveda succeeded Avila as acting alcalde for the re- mainder of the year. One soldier was sent to Santa Barbara in irons for illicit relations with a married woman. In May, 1825, the "Yery Illustrious Ayuntamiento" issued a series of resolutions on police regulations for the preser- vation of morality and good order. All oflenders against the Roman apostolic religion were to be punished with the utmost severity. Failing to enter church, entering disrespectful!}', lounging at the church door, standing at the coruers, re- maining on horseback when processions were out, were all to be punished with tines and HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 55 imprisonment. Gambling, prostitution and blas- phemy were among the evils which the munici- pal Legislature proposed to exterminate. In 1826 the alcalde was Claudio Lopez, and the regidores were Desiderio Ybarra and J. M. Aguilar; Jose Palomares was sindico and Nar- cisco Botello was secretary of the ajnntainiento; but he was later succeeded by F. Morales. J. A. Carrillo had been elected alcalde for this year, but nine citizens protested that his election was illegal as he voted for himself, and also because he could hold office twice within two years; and hence a new election was ordered. In November of that year a man was prosecuted for "habitual i-ape!" In 1827 the alcalde was Guillermo Cota, and the regidores were Yicente Villa and Desiderio Ybarra. In the autumn of 1827, Duhaut-Cil- ley, a French traveler, visited the town, being the first foreign visitor. He found eighty-two houses, built of adobe and roofed with as- phaltum, surrounded with cultivated gardens, vineyards and orchards, on alluvial lands, and noted the inability of the authorities to keep the peace and preserve order. It was this year that Don Juan Bandini, the father of Mrs. Col- onel II. S. Baker, of Los Angeles, introduced a proposition in the provisional Legislature to change the name of the town to Villa Victoria de la Reina de los Angeles! and make it a city and the capital of Alta California. The matter was submitted to the national Government, but nothing was ever done with it. In 1828 J. A. Carrillo was alcalde, D. Ybarra was regidor, and Jose Palomares was secretary. In 1829 Guillermo Cota was alcalde, Dom- inguez regidor, and F. Morales, who was re- moved from the office of secretary in 1827 for incompetency, for revealing confidential busi- ness, and for losing papers, appears this year as sindico, while Jose Palomares was secretary of the ayuntamiento. The debt of the city council this year was $49. The ta.x on wine and brandy was §339, and vines $15S; and the ex- penditures for the year amounted to !t;f>12. In 1830 Tiburcio Tapia was alcalde, J. B. Alvarado, regidor, and Jose Palomares, secretary. A complete list of town officers is not given for this decade. This year the population of Los Angeles was 1,000 white people, beside 200 or 300 Indians. In 1830 Manuel Victoria was appointed Governor to succeed Jose Maria Echeania, and assumed his office February 21, 1831. He neg- lected to convene the Legislature, even when urged to do so, to the disgust of the members and their friends, the most influential part of the population; and by many other acts also he succeeded in making himself very unpopular. He claimed that a majority of the members had been illegally elected, and announced the suspension of the Legislature, and recommended the abolishment of all elective bodies and the restoration of military rule, e.xcept that certain judges be appointed for Los Angeles and San Jose. The Californians sent a protest to Mex- ico against this usurpation of power by Victoria. The Governor further made himself unpopular by the infliction of severe penalties, in many instances where the victim was merely techni- cally guilty. He still further increased his un- popularity by banishing Don Abel Stearns, an American who had been naturalized, who, how- ever, went no further than San Diego or the frontier of Lower California. This Victoria did without trial or spsciScation of any offense He also had the alcalde of San Jose arrested for visiting the house of a woman who had sent him an amorous invitation, and brought in irons to Monterey to be tried for the off^ense before a military court. He also aroused the people of Los Angeles by ordering them to re- store to office Vicente Sanchez, who had been de- clared not competent to hold the office of alcalde, being already a member of the Legislature, and ordered that regidores Alvarado and Perez and six citizens should be put in prison because of their connection with the matter. The six citizens were Tomas Talamontes, Francisco Sepulveda, Jose Maria Avila, Maximo Alanis, and Demisio Dominguez and Jose Aguilar. Victoria also otherwise interfered in the local government of BISTORT OK LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Los Angeles. He bauished Jose Antonio Car- rillo, for what was not exactly known, but it is presumed that lie had taken a prominent part in sending memorials from the South in tlio. in- terest of the Legislature being convened. Car- rillo's exile, however, was of short duration. Other prominent people were exiled by him, the reasons for which he never assigned; in other words, he undertook to rule California with an iron hand, to which a people of free and independent spirit like those of California would not submit, and a revolution against his rule broke out. at San Diego, lieaded by such men as Carrillo, Stearns, Bandini and Pio Pico, who issued a proclamation against Victoria, or- ganized a military force and set out for the north for the purpose of deposing him. In the meantime Victoria's acts of petty tyranny had been on the increase; and among otlier prominent citizens whom he had imprisoned was Andres Pico, a brother of Pio. On arriving at Los Angeles, December 4, the revolutionists at once freed all the prisoners and in turn placed in prison Vincente Sanchez, the obnoxious alcalde, who had been put in office by Victoria. The people ot Los Angeles joined tlie revolution with great enthusiasm, and the next morning, December 5, the revolutionists to the number of 150 marched out of Los An- geles to meet Victoria, who at the same time left the mission of San Fernando with about thirty men for Los Angeles. He started from Monte7-ey to quell the troubles in the South before the proclamation of -November 29, issued at San Diego, had- reached the capital, and he had not heard of it even at Santa Barbara, which proljably accounts for the smallness of the force which he had with him. Before he reached San Fernando, however, messengers overtook hiui from Santa Barbara with definite news of the San Diego revolution. At San Fernando, on the evening of December 4, Padre Ybarra had not heard of the revolution, and a messenger arriving at that moment from Los Angeles brought word from Alcalde Sanchez that there were no signs of a revolution there. Later in the night, however, when the revolutionists arrived from San Diego, releasing the prisoners and locking up Sanchez, a brother of the latter escaped to San Fernando with the news. This was the first information Victoria had of the revolution. The next morning the contending forces met near the Caluienga- Pass, about twelve miles west of the city. The revolutionists wer^ com- manded by Pablo de la Portilla, and halted to await Victoria's approach. J. A. Carrillo was at the front; but ex-Governor Echeandia, Pio Pico and Juan Bandini remained behind. Vic- toria was accompanied by Romualdo Pacheco, whose son of the same name, was subsequently Governor of the American State of California. Pacheco counseled Victoria not to attack the enemy, on account of his insufiicient force; but he disregarded the counsel of his captain. Ap- proaching within speaking distance, Portilla commanded Victoria to sulnnit. The latter replied that he, Portilla, and the soldiers should come over and support the Governor and the legitimate authorities. Victoria, noting the re- fusal of the revolutionists to obey this order, ordered his men to iire. Portilla and a portion of his men now ran away, followed by the Los Angeles contingent, excepting two or three who had been imprisoned by Victoria, and had per- sonal grievances against him, and who made a charge against the foe before retiring. This party was headed by Jose Maria Avila, who, as he passed Pacheco, shot the latter in the back with a pistol, as the two horses were carried past each other by the impetus, after mutually par- ried sword and lance by the respective riders. Pacheco fell dead with a bullet through his heart. Avila, followed by Tomas Talamantes, now closed in on the Governor, when a struggle ensued which did not last over three minutes. Victoria received several lance wounds, a soldier was shot in the foot, Avila was unhorsed and killed by Victoria liimself, and Talamantes es- caped unhurt. The combatants then separated. Victoria's men made no attempt at pursuit, the revolutionists retired to Los Angeles, and the UISTORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. wounded Governor was carried to San Gabi-iel by way of Los Feliz Rancli. The bodies of Pacheco and Avila were taken to Los Angeles, wliere they were buried the next day. On the 9th Victoria had an interview with Eclieandia at San Gabriel Mission, when he sur- rendered his othce to the latter, and also issued a proclamation ordering the-Lfgislativc Assembly to meet at Los Angeles, shortly afterward, left for Mexico. The Legislature met at Los Angeles January 1, 1832, and chose Pio Pico as Governor, who took the oath of office on the 27th. The town council of Los Angeles refused to recognize Pico as Governor, and Echenadia openly declared him to be incompetent and his election was illegal. Pico thereupon declined to retain the office, in opposition to Eclieandia and the peoj)le of Los Angeles. In 1835 there was no revolution, this time, at Los Angeles. On the night of March 6th, about fifty Sonorans, who had lately come to California, in the Hijar colony, assembled at Los Nietos Eanch, and early in the morning of the 7th entered the town, under command of Juan Gallardo, a shoemaker, and Felipe Castillo, a cigar-maker, and captured the arms of the dif- ferent foreign residents and then took posses- session of the town hall. Francisco J. Alvarado, the alcalde, was then summoned, and, at tiie command of the revolutionists, convened the town council in a splendid meeting. Gallardo then submitted to that body a proposition to remove Governor Figueroa and place Captain Pablo de la Portilla in his stead, claiming that Figueroa had exceeded the powers granted him by assuming both political and military com- mand, and seemingly protesting against the measures taken by the Legislature for the secu- larization of the missions, and that Figueroa was unworthy of public confidence, and also that they wished the priests to have again the exclusive control of the temporal affairs of the missions. It was generally understood, how- ever, that the revolt was for the purpose of ulti- mately making as Governor one Jose Maria Hijar, who had brought these people to Cali- fornia as colonists, and had come himself with a commission from President Santa Ana, of the Mexican Republic, as Governor of California, which had been revoked by Santa Ana after Hijar had left Mexico and before he had arived in California. The town council decided that it had no authority to act in such a matter, and went so far as to disapprove of the revolution, appointing a committee to request the revolu- tionists to remove their forces across the river. This they declined to do, but promised to preserve the peace and hold their position until after four o'clock in the afternoon, when the leaders respectfully informed the council that as that body had not approved their plan, they had de- cided to give up the instigators of the move- ment and throw themselves upon the mercy of the authorities. They accordingly delivered Antonio Apalategui, a clerk, and Dr. Francis Torres, who, with some twenty others, were finally sent back to Mexico as disturbers of the public peace and conspirators against legitimate authority. Subsequent investigations proved that the Sonorans had no special grievance to redress, but had been easily induced to join what they regarded as a popular movement. By decree of the Mexican Congress dated May 23, 1835, Los Angeles was made a city, and also the capital of California, which fact was made public by the proclamation of Governor Gutierrez January 4, 1836. But Los Angeles did not then become the capital city from the fact that its inhabitants neglected to provide even temporary public buildings necessary for the occupancy of the Government officials, and the capital always remained at Monterey. The sectional feeling between Southern and J\orthern California which now prevails among Americans to such an extent as to cause a serious discussion of the division of the State, is one also that caused no little amount of contention among the early Mexican inhabitants. It was manifested as far back as 1836, wheti a revolu- tion deposed Governor Gutierrez and placed Jos(' Castro in his stead, and the ])rovincial HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Legislature at Monterey issued a decree declar- ing that " the constitutional congress of the free and sovereign State of California is declared hereby legitimately installed," and wound up with the words, '• Live tlie Free and Sovereign State of Alta California ! " It was a virtual declaration of independence from Mexico; and is said to have been instigated by plotting Americans, who had a lone-star flag prepared at Monterey, but were prevented by David Spence from raising it. Castro was soon suc- ceeded by J. B. Alvarado, whom the Legislature declared Governor ad interim of the State. The same Legislature divided the State temporarily into two "can'ons." The first, that of Mon- terey, included the towns of San Francisco and San J^ose; the second canton was that of Los Angeles, including Santa Barbara and San Diego. Each canton was to have a political chief, Governor Alvarado himself for the first canton, and for the second a man subordinate to the Governor, and was to be appointed by hiin from a trio to be elected at Los Angeles by commissioners named by the councils. While the Northern part of the State readily fell in and approved of this sudden action of the Legislature, a very strong opposition developed itself in the South and succeeded in strangling the new-born State. It is a curious fact that when California came to be admitted into the Union in 1850, there was a similar protest from the Southern counties, although it was not suc- cessful. This strong sectional feeling between the North and the Sq,uth had been in process of development as early as 1825, when Governor Echeandia, charmed with the Southern climate and the Southern ladies, had seriously wounded the pride of the capital, Monterey, by fixing his residence at San Diego. A majority of the rep- resentatives to the Mexican Congress had been from the South, which the North had always regarded as a slight. On the other- hand, Argtiello and others were Northern Governors, while Pico and Estudillo, Southern men, had failed to secure recognition. Serious quarrels hail existed !)ctween the custom-houses of San Diego and Monterey. The feeling was increased also by the fact that Los Angeles had gained so much in population that it had been made a city, an honor which San Jose, the older and northern pueblo, had not attained. Los Angeles had also been made a capital of the province, but Monterey still actually retained possession of the headquarters of the Government, a fact which did not tend to allay the bitter feeling of the people of Los Angeles. The division of the missions between the friars of the colleges of San Fernando and Guadalajara had also helped to widen the breach. It was usual for the South to oppose whatever the North ad- vocated, and vice versa, as is the case at the present day among the Americans. It is not surprising, therefore, that the people of Los Angeles and San Diego opposed the erection of the province of California into a State. Manuel Kequena, the alcalde of Los Angeles, called an extra session of the town council to consider the matter. The excitement was increased by rumors of the fact that Alvarado had raised a military force and was marching on Los Angeles to put down all opposition, and that he had employed a company of American riflemen, under the command of Isaac Graham, a famous hunter from Tennessee. The town council of San Diego also assembled in extra session, and Juan Bandini and Santiago E. Argiiello were appointed commissioners to proceed to Los Angeles, and take part in the deliberations of the town council and people of that place, November 25-'6, on that subject. At these meetings the action of Monterey was rejected, and the councils of other places were invited to send each three persons to Los Angeles to elect a provisional Governor; to en- force the law which made Los Angeles the capi- tal; to invite military officers not engaged in the Monterey movement to choose a General ; and to await the co-operation of San Diego and Santa Barbara ; and these resolutions were to have effect until the natural laws should again be enforced. The next dav a communication was read from EI STORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. 59 the alcalde at Santa Barbara declining to ap- prove the plan of Monterey. Meanwhile tlie troops at San Diego and at San Lnis Key served notice that they must be paid if their services were expected. Everything now seemed favoi-able in the South for the establishment of a separate pro- visional Government which should either defeat the plan of Monterey or exact favorable terms of compromise. Santa Barbara backed out and chose to remain neutral, taking sides neither with Monterey nor with Los Angeles. When the new council of Los Angeles was installed in 18B7, among its lirst acts was to refuse to recognize the Monterey plan, and to call a meeting of the electoral college at Los Angeles, and to assume command of the South- ern part of the province until the meeting of the new Legislature which should be elected. San Diego partly approved of this plan. Alvarado left Monterey during the latter part of December, 1836, with an army of sixty Cali- fornians and twenty-iive Americans, under com- mand of Isaac Graham, and was cordially re- ceived at Santa Barbara, which gave him its unqualified support. From this place he for- warded an address to the town council of Los Angeles, declaring the justice of his cause and protesting against the adoption of a sectional policy. His address was not favorably received, and preparations were made at once to oppose him with force, to which San Diego added help in sending twenty men, under Pio Pico, to re- sist the advance of Alvarado. A force of 270 men, under Ensign Rocha as commander-in- chief, was stationed at San Fernando to oppose the advance of Alvarado, where they took their position January 16, 1837. Alvarado's address was discussed by the town council, and Alcalde Sepiilveda and A. M. Osio were appointed com- missioners to effect a settlement with Alvarado on the condition that the plan of independence from Mexico could not be accepted; that the llotnan Catholic religion must be the only one permitted; and that the revolutionists must not be punished. Osio met Alvarado at the Cayugas Rancho, where a conference was held on the 18th; and in the city he again met Osio, with Sepiilveda, at the Encinos Rancho, where Andres Pico brought the news that his brother was coming from San Diego with a large force. The next day Alvarado approved in writing the Los An- geles plan, which he did not regard as being in conflict with that of Monterey. Osio and Sepiil- veda then claimed that Alvarado should with- draw his force and retire to the North. Alvarado replied that if Sepiilveda did not surrender San Fernando he would take it by force. The order was at once obeyed, and late in the after- noon of the 21st Alvarado occupied the mission of San Fernando, and the Los Angeles soldiers marched home. The next day the town council disapproved of Alvarado's approval of their plan, and de- clared arrangements with him null and void; and that California was not a sovereign State; that Alvarado was not its Governor; and that Los Angeles was again ready to defend itself. All these resolutions were of no avail; for on the 23d Alvarado entered the city without oppo- sition, accompanied by Graham's company and the Monterey militia, while Rocha retired with the soldiers to San Gabriel. The town council met on the 26th, and was addressed by the Governor, who proposed a plan, in six articles, upon which he thought all might agree. This plan was submitted to a committee of three, of which Pio Pico was chairman, who reported it back with certain modifications. It provided that a new Legislature should assemble at Santa Barbara on February 25, to adopt or reject what had been done at Monterey, always supporting federalism and insisting upon a native ruler. Alvarado issued a proclamation accordingly, thus mollifying the South. The new Legislature did not meet until April 10, at Santa Barbara, when it empowered itself under the new organization as a constituent Congress of the State. Los Angeles refused to accept the action of the Congress, claiming that the treaty with Alvarado had been made under the old HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. condition of the Territorial Government. San Diego for the time remained non-committal. At a meeting of the Los Angeles council, however, on May 2, after much discussion, it again changed front and accepted the new con- dition of atfairs, recognizing the State Govern- ment. Although the South gracefully yielded for the present to the inevitable triumph of Al- varado, and went to their homes, it was not to remain submissive, but to plan for another revolution, which was manifested May 21, 1837, at San Diego, by the town council of that place adopting a plan restoring California to its terri- torial form of government, and raising a mili- tary company to enforce its proposition, which line of action met the speedy approval of Los Angeles. Early in July there was also a revolt at Mon- terey against Alvarado's authority, by the very ones, some of them Americans, who had put him in power. The result was that tiie free and sovereign State of California was dissolved almost as soon as it was created; and finally the news came from Mexico that California had been foi'ined into a department. Alvarado was still the Governor ad internm by virtue of his position as first member of the Legislature. The AVolfskill party arrived from Santa Fe in February. In the autumn of 1830 AVilliam Wolfskin, a Kentuckian by nativity and then thirty-two years of age, fitted out a company for trapping in California. He had been a partner of Ewing Young, and was assisted pecuniarily in this enterjirise by Hook, a Santa Fe trader. They left Taos in September, crossed the Colo- rado and the Great Basin, in a northwest course across the Grande, Green and Sevier rivers, then south to the Coloi-ado River, and west through Mojave Desert to Los Angeles. In this party were George C. Yount, Lewis Burton, Samuel Shields, Francis Z. Branch, John Rhea, Zacha- rias Hani, and several foreigners. In 1831 a Mr. Jackson, who had been a member of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company,' and a partner of Jedediah S. Smith, came to Los Angeles to l)Hy mules for the Louisiana market. He returned to New Mexico with the mules he purchased. With him was J. J. War- ner, yet living. The date of their arrival was December 5, 1831. Ewing Young started on his second trip to California from Taos in September, 1831, and came by way of the Gila route, reaching Los Angeles in April, 1832. He had with him seventy men, most of whom were soon sent back to Mexico in charge of mules and horses which were bought here. Eiglit or ten of his men remained, prominent among whom were Moses Carson, a brother of Kit; Isaac Williams, subsequently proprietor of the Chino Ranch; Isaac Sparks, Job F. Dye, William Day, Benja- min Day, Sidney Cooper, Joseph Dougherty, William Emerson, Joseph Gale, Joseph Dofit, John Higgins, James Green, Cambridge Green, James Anderson, Thomas Lowe, John Price, Pleasant Austin, Powell Weaver, James Bacey and James Wilkinson. Anderson was murdered by Cambridge Green in Arizona, for which he was delivered to the authorities in Los Angeles, but some time later he made his escape from prison. In the winter of 1832-'33 another party from New Mexico arrived, including Joseph Pauld- ing, Samuel Carpenter, William Chard and Daniel Sill. John Foster came up from Guay- mas to Los Angeles by land in 1833. This year there was a school in Los Angeles, kept by Vicente Moraga, who was paid $15 a month for his services. In September, 1835, William Day bought a barrel of wine from Abel Stearns, and, finding it sour, wished Stearns to take it back, which he refused to do. A quarrel ensued in which Stearns attacked Day with a stick. Day de- fended liimself by stabbing Stearns in four places and nearly cutting out his tongue! Day was arrested and kept in jail for a year. He was not only imprisoned, but also handcuffed; and certain of his Mexican friends, indignant at his treatment, headed by Juan Manuel Ar- zaga, broke into the jail and removed his hand- cuffs, for which they were banished. uisTonr OF LOS anueleu county. R. 11. Dana, in his book " Two Years Before tlie Mast," thus notices a local event that oc- curred about 1835: "A Yankee, who had been naturalized and become a Catholic, and had married in the country, was sitting in his house at the Pueblo de los Angeles with his wife and children, when a Mexican with whom he had had a difficulty entered the house and stabbed him to the heart before them all. The murderer was seized by some Yankees who had settled there, and was kept in confinement until a statement of the whole affair could be sent to the Governor-Gen- eral. The Governor-General refused to do any- thing about it, and the countrymen of the murdered man, Feeing no prospect of justice being administered, gave notice that if nothing was done tliey would try the man themselves. It chanced that at that time there was a com- pany of some thirty or forty trappers and hunt- ers from the Western States, with their rifles, who had made their headquarters at the pueblo; and these, together with the Americans and English who were in the place (who were be- tween twenty and thirty in number), took pos- session of the town, and waiting a reasonable time, proceeded to try the man according to the forms in tlieir own countr}'. A judge and jury were appointed, and he was tried, convicted, sentenced to be shot, and carried out before the town blindfolded. The names of all the men were then jiut into a hat and, each one pledging himself to perform his duty, twelve names were drawn out, the men took their stations with their rifles, and tiring at tlie word, laid him dead. He was decently buried, and the place was restored to the proper authorities. A general, with titles enough for a hidalgo, was at San Gabriel, and issued a proclamation as long as the fore top bowline, threatening destruction of the rebels, but never stirred from his fort, for forty Kentucky hunters with their rifles, and a dozen of Yankees and Englishmen, were a match for a whole regiment of hungry, drawl- ing, lazy half-breeds. Tliis aftair happened while we were at San Pedro, tlie port of the pueblo, and we had the particulars from those who were on the spot." Los Angeles has the distinction of producing the first vigilance committee iri California. Domingo Felix, who lived on a ranch near the town, was married to Maria del Rosario Yilla, who had abandoned her husband to enjoy the embraces of Gervasio Alipas. Through the efforts of Felix to recover his wife, he had sev- eral quarrels with Alipas, who murdered liiin in one of those fracases, March 26, 1836. The body was not found till three days afterward, and on the 1st of April the town council was summoned in extra session to take measures to preserve the peace. The ])eople, well knowing the law's delays, and that California was said to have no tribunal authorized to inflict the death penalty, met on the 7th of April at the I house of John Temple. About fifty were pres- I eut. Victoria Proudton was chosen chairman I and Manuel Arzaga, secretary. Francisco Araujo was put in command of an organized armed force. The demand was made on the alcalde, Manuel Requena, for the woman and Alipas, who were in the jail. The aynnta- miento in session received and considered the demand, which was decidedly refused, after two committees had been sent out to reason with the crowd. The refusals, however, did not seem to have been of a very determined character, for the guard was arrested, the keys were taken, and tlie criminals taken out of jail and shot. In April, 1838, a small body of men under the command of Clemente Epinosa, an ensign, was sent from Santa J3arbara by Colonel Jose Maria Villa, a partisan of Governor Alvarado and General Castro, to capture certain persons j suspected of being engaged in a plan to over- throw the Government of Alvarado, and replace Governor Carrillo in authority. The party of Espinosa entered Los Angeles in the night, and camped on the open space in front of the old Catholic church. The inhabitants discovered upon opening the doors of their dwellings on the following morning that the town had been captured, or rather that it was then held by HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. armed men from abroad, who soon commenced a general search in tlie liouses of the citizens for the suspected persons. Quite a number were arrested, among whom were Jose Antonio Carrillo, a brother of the deposed Governor, Pio Pico, Andres Pico and Gil Ybarra, the then alcalde of Los Angeles, together with about half a dozen more of the most prominent native citizens of the place. They were all taken north as prisoners of war. The only casualt which occurred was the breaking of the arm of J. J. Warner by one of Espinosa's men, in con- sequence of his inability to inform them where Don Pio Pico could be found, and his resistance to an order of arrest for refusing permission to liave his house searched for suspected persons. In 1838 Ignacio Coronel, the father of Don Antonio Y. Coronel, of this city, aided by his wife and daughter, opened a primary school in Los Angeles. The municipal officers of Los Angeles during the decade 1830-'40 were : 1831— Alcalde, Vi- cente Sanchez; First Regidor, Juan B. Alvarado; Sindico, Gil Ibarra. 1832— Alcalde, Manuel Dominguez; Regidores, Juan N. Alvarado, Jose Manuel Cota, Felipe Lugo, Ignacio Maria Alva rado, Juan Ballesteros; Secretary, Yiceute de la Ossa. 1833— Alcalde, Jose A. Carrillo; Regi- dores, Felipe Lugo, Ignacio M. Alvarado, Antonio Machado and Jose Sepiilveda; Sindico, Tiburcio Tapia ; Secretary, Ossa. 1834 — Alcalde, Jose Perez; Regidores, Jose Sepiilveda, Vicente dela Ossa, Januario Avila; Sindico, Vicente Moraga; Secretary, Moraga till May, and Manuel Arzaga from June. 1835 — First Alcalde, Francisco J a- vier Alvarado; Second, Domingo Romero; Reg- idores, Jauuario Avila, Vicente de la Ossa, Ignacio Palomares, Rafael Guirado, Juan N. Alvarado, Juan de Dios Bravo; Siudico, JSTar- ciso Botello; Secretary, Manuel Arzaga. 1836 — First Alcalde, Manuel Requena, Second, Tiburcio, Tapia; Regidores, Rafael Guirado, Juan Alvarado Basilio Valdes, Felipe Lugo, and Jose M. Her- rera; Sindico, Abel Stearns to June, Antonio M. Osio from July; Secretary, Narciso Botello. 1837— First Alcalde, Gil Abarra; Second, Jose Sepiilveda; Regidores, Valdes, Lugo, Ilerrera, Francisco Pantoja and Bernardino Lopez; Sind- ico, Ignacio M. Alvarado; S3cretary, N. Bo- tello. 1838 — First Alcalde, Luis Arenas; Second, Jose Perez; Regidores, Ignacio Palomares, Ber- nardino Lopez, Juan Ballesteros, Antonio Mach- ado, Januario Avila, Jose del Carmen Lugo; Sindico, Vicente de la Ossa; Secretary, N. Bo- tello. 1839— First Alcalde, Tiburcio Tapia; Sec- ond, Manuel Dominguez; Regidores, Antonio Machado, Januario Avila, Jose del C. Lugo, F. M. Alvarado, Jose Sepiilveda, Crisostomo Ve- jar; Sindico, Vicente Sanchez; Secretaries in succession, Botello and Ignacio Coronel. In 1840 the city of Los Angeles had a pop- ulation of 1,100. January 14, 1836, the town council complained of an epidemic of crows, and called for a contribution for a slaughter of the birds, else a proclamation would be issued. The same month there was a hydrophobia scare, and the council solemnly decreed that no man should keep more than two dogs, and these must be securely tied, and all the rest killed; and this work must be done on credit, as the treasury was empty. In i^'ebruary, 1837, some men con- victed of the crime of fornication were marched through the streets, for humiliation.. In 1839 Francisco Limon was sentenced to two years' imprisonment for committing rape on a little Indian girl, which resulted in her death. This year also California was divided into two districts, each one to be governed by a prefect. Cosme Pena was appointed prefect of the second or Los Angeles district. He soon afterward turned his office over to Alcalde Tapia, who was suc- ceeded by Santiago Argiiello. The prefect was an executive officer exercising a general au- thority over the town councils and all local officers in the district. In 1840 occurred the arrest and exile to Mex- ico of Isaac Graiiam and about fifty of his fel- low Americans, under orders from Governor Alvarado. Graham possessed the usual charac- ter of a frontiersman, rough but honest, illiterate and largely given to sensuality, warm-hearted, and strong in his friendships and hates, lie it UISTORY OF LOS AN0BLB8 COUNTY. was who bad befriended Alvarado and brought him up from the obscurity of a clerkship at Monterey to be Governor of California. It was Graham, at Alvarado's request, who raised a company of frontiersmen, consisting of hunters, trappers and settlers, all foreigners and mostly Americans and Englishmen, who had taken a leading part in deposing Gutierrez and making Alvarado Governor, when the latter in turn promised grants of land to the foreigners and other favors, which he immediately forgot as soon as he became Governor. Alvarado's order was that all foreigners, from San Francisco to San Diego, who could not show papers or were not married to native women, or engaged in some well-known and honorable occupation, should be arrested. It is not known exactly how many were arrested at Los Angeles, but it is supposed there were about eleven, whose names are thus given by Ban- croft: James Door, William Lunisdel (or Lums- den), Gabriel Pryor (supposed to be Nathan), William Wald, Milton White, Jacques Dufra, Thomas Jones, William Green, Jeffrey Brown, John A unti-oy and Albert Williams. Three or four more are reported whose names are not given. One, by name Johnson, a blacksmith, escaped. Not all of these, however, were ex- iled. Under an armed guard from Santa Bar- bara, in October, they were conducted in chains to Mexico, and imprisoned at Tepic, where they were subjected to the shameful and cruel treat- ment, such as bad quarters, ill-ventilated, and poor food. The Government of the United States of America, with its accustomed indiffer- ence, did nothing to relieve the distress of its citizens; but, fortunately for the Americans, there were some Englishmen among the exiles, and the English Government, witli its customary celerity, promptly interfered in behalf of its subjects, and the result was tliat the exiles were freed, and the men who had taken them to Mexico in chains were themselves arrested. An investigation followed, and no evidence was found that the exiles had been engaged in any plot against the Government of California; and they were furnished with some money and a passage back to their homes. Not all those who were arrested at Los An- geles were sent to Mexico; and it is not posi- tively known whether all returned who were sent, the records being very obscure on that matter. About twenty of them returned in July, 1841, and others found their way back at diflerent times subsequently, having been fur- nished money, clothes and arms by the English consul at Tepic on the authority of the Mexi- can Government, on signing a release for dam- ages on account of their exile. In 1840 Abel Stearns, of Los Angeles, was arraigned for continuing his smuggling opera- tions at San Pedro. In October a strange ves- sel landed goods there at night in a mysterious manner. On searching Stearns's warehouse a lot of silks and liquors was found, and condemned. Stearns wrote violent letters, talked loudly and appealed for justice, meanwhile exerting him- self to make false invoices and otherwise put his accounts in order. To what extent he suc- ceeded the records fail to show; but in Decem- ber contraband new hides were found by another search of his warehouse. American immigration began to be extensive in the '40?. In 1841 a party, twenty-five in number, arrived at Los Angeles from Santa Fe, known as the Workman-Rowland Comjiany, being headed by William Workman and John Rowland. The members of the company were — Fred. Bachelor, *Frank Bediby, *James Doke, Jacob Frankfort, Isaac Given, *William Gam- ble, William Gordon, *Frank Gwinn, *Wade Hampton, William Knight, Thomas Lindsay, *L. (or J. II.) Lyman, *John McClure, James D. Mead, William C. Moon, John Rowland, Daniel Sexton (now of Colton), Hiram Taylor, * . Tibault, Albert G. Toombs, Michael White (who had previously been in California), B. D. Wilson and William Workman. Those marked with a star did not remain in California. Other accounts give also the name of a Mr. Pickman. This number was ori>-anized at Santa Fe, where HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. most of the members had for a time resided. Starting in September, they crossed tlie t'Olo- rado River, and caine by the old Sante Fe trail (down the Colorado and across the Mojave Desert), and arrived at San Gabriel. Workman and Gordon brought their families on this trip, and there were three native families who came with them to remain. Gamble, Lyman and Mead were scientists and spent but a short time in California. David W. Alexander and Jean B. Rouelle arrived at Los Angeles this year from New Mexico. In February, 1841, Joseph E. Walker, who gave his name to Walker's Pass, with a party of fourteen Americans, trappers and traders, ar- rived in Los Angeles on a trading expedition. In 1842 General Manuel Micheltorena was appointed Governor of California, and in July of the same year arrived in San Diego with a bat- talion of troops recruited from the convicts and rufHans from Guadalajara. He stopped in Los Angeles during a portion of the months of Sep- tember and October with his soldiers, enjoying a round of fendangos, feasts and bull-fights. In October he started with his men for Monterey, and on the 24th camped at San Fernando, where he received the news that Commodore Thomas Ap Catesby Jones, of the United States Navy, had captured Monterey and taken possession of it in the name of his Government. Michelto- rena, who had been the veteran of five battles, immediately fled to Los Angeles and commenced preparations for the defense of the city. His engineers marked the outlines of a fort to be built on the hill, at a point near what is now the intersection of Reck and Fort streets, and where subsequently the United States did erect some field works. While his surveyors and soldiers were at work upon this fortification, they were personally visited by J. J. Warner, who was thus an eye-witness of their labors. In the meantime news came that Jones had surrendered Monterey back to Alvarado, and operations upon the lurt were immediately abandoned. Commodore Jones was cruising in the Pacific Ocean, and heard rnini)rs of a war between the United States and Mexico; and, fearing that the English might seize California, he sailed immediately for Monterey and capt- ured that fort October 19, 1842. Learning of his mistake two days later, he hauled down the American flag and saluted the Mexican colors, and sent word to Micheltorena that he would visit him personally at San Pedro. Commodore Jones sailed from Monterey on the war-ship Cyane, and arrived at San Pedro, January 17, 1843, where he received an invitation to visit Governor Micheltorena at Los Angeles. The invitation was accepted, and the following morn- ing the Commodore and his staflF disembarked, and were received by an escort sent by the Gov- ernor and taken to Los Angeles, where they were honored by a ball, held in the only two- story adobe house in the place. (Some years afterward this building was partly torn down, and the remaining portion for a long time formed one of the principal buildings in Chinatown.) AVhile here, Micheltorena presented Jones with a written proposition for the payment of uniforms and loss of arms and ammunition oc- casioned by the Governor's flight from San Fer- nando during a rain-storm, when he heard of Jones's capture of Monterey. Jones returned the proposition without his signature or approval. Returning to San Pedro, he embarked with his officers. While in Los Angeles, Commodore Jones was the guest of Abel Stearns. During the first half of 1843 Micheltorena remained at Los Angeles with his battalion of ex-convicts, who became daily more unpopular on account of their continued excesses,^ and in July he moved his battalion to Monterey, where his unpopularity on account of his soldiers con- tinued to increase, and signs of an impending revolution were growing daily. March 29, 1843, Micheltorena issued a decree restoring to the priests their temporal manage- ment of the missions on the condition that one- eighth of the total products of every mission should be paid into the treasury. San Gabriel and San Fernando, the two missions in this cuuntv, were luimed in the decree, and the inSTOHY Ol<' LOS AJ\GBLES COUNTY changes were ett'ected in April, but practically amounted to notliing. The disiitfectioii wliich liad been manifested from the first appearance of Micheltorena's soldiers in Calilornia grew stronger in 1844. There were rumors of revolt in Monterey, which resulted in the arrest of ex-Governor J. 1). Alvarado. The revolt finally came, which resulted in driving Micheltorena and liis ex- convicts from the country. The revolution commenced about the middle of November, 1844, at Monterey, by a party of fifty Califor- nians, under Manuel Castro, stealing the Gov- ernment horses and seizing the ammunition stores at the mission of San Juan Bautista. The uprising was general throughout all California. In his extremity Micheltorena applied to John A. Sutter for aid, and he consented to espouse the Governor's cause provided the latter should assure to him and his friends certain grants of land which they desired. This agreed to, Sutter, with about seventy other foreigners, principally Americans, placed himself under Micheltorena's orders, and the latter marched toward Los Angeles. At this place the sympa- thies of the Americans were all for the South as against Micheltorena; and while they did not expect to fight their countrymen under his command they organized a company for their own protection, under James McKinley. In this organization William Workman was a Cap- tain and John Rowland a lieutenant, and among the private soldiers were Abel Stearns, B. D. Wilson, Alexander Bell, Richard Laughiin, Nathaniel Pryor, Alexander Sales, Michael White, P. Mace, James I>eekwourth, James Barton, William Fallon, John Reed, Louis Vignes, William Garner, Samuel Carpenter, Henry Dalton, Daniel Sexton, Callaghan, Cornelius Perry and William Smith. Governor Micheltorena and his army had left Monterey for the South about the middle of January, and on Fel)ruary It) entered the San Fernando Valley shia, Pa. George J. Graff, San Francisco. Isaac C. Johnson, Astoria, Oregon. George W. M. Leonard, New York City. Serjeant John M. O'Neil, San Francisco. UIHTOJir OF LOS ANiJELES COUNTY. John H. Welsh, New York City. Henry J. Wohlgemuth, San Francisco. Sujijwited to he Lii'liuj. Antliony W. Lowery was at San Francisco in 1878; Elijah Snyder was at Trenton, New Jersey, in 1875; and Alexander Souervoit was in Los Angeles in 1877. Whereabouts Unhwwii. Eurnett Legare, , James Linton, James McUill, Wm. U. Mitchell, Ludlain Morrison, John H. Moore, Tiiomas Murphy, Wm. G. McGranaghan, Alexander Owens, Jacob Olstay, Charles Perkins, Edward Parker, James Plunkett, Wm. PIninmer, James Richards, John AV. Ramsey, Samuel Roberts, John M. Smith, John S. S warts, Lewis Snitter, Garrett Stack, Jolin Vorhees, William Vinson, Wm. Wiimie, Moses White, John Wylie, Archibald Waddell, Philip Wafenback, Edward Yeamans. Corp'l Henry Ackley, J. C. Eurton, Musician Charles D. Blair, William Ba.xter, Washington Brusle, Charles Brown, Henry Bogart, Robert Buckle, Franklin Ball, Benjamin Barry, Timothy Baldwin, Corporal L. M. Calder, George Clark, Henry T. Chichester, James Deas, Jacob Driehen, Eli B. Forbes. Alfred Foley, Edward Golden, Mortimer J. Hamlin, James Henry, Walter Hutcheon, Thomas Hearn, John C. Hitchcock, Benj. F. Humphrey, John Hall, George W. Jamieson, Charles M. Kintring, A. J. Kennersly, John A. Lambert, Deceased. Lieutenant William E. Cutrell, San Francisco, May 28, 1868. Lieutenant Thomas L. Vermule, San Jose. Jackson Brusle, Contra Costa County, Feb- ruary 14, 1854. Nicholas Blair, Los Angeles, September 26, 1855. (!harles H. Bartlett, SanFrancisco, May 15, 18S1. Joseph Brockee, drowned in Stanislaus River, March, 1849. Nathan B. Dey, Los Angeles, July 7, 1848. Peter Earle, Sacramento, January 12, 1871. Patrick Ford, killed by Rogue River Indians in 1866. William H. Legare, Los Angeles, December 9, 1847. Louis Mark, date and place unknown. Thomas Meehan, killed by a steamboat ex- plosion on the San Joaquin River, October 19, 1853. Dennis Meehan, killed at Stockton in the fall of 1849. Lewis Parker, date and place unknown. John Taylor, New York, April 28, 1879. Andrew Thafter, San Francisco, May 3, 1879. Jacob Yan Pelt, San Francisco, November 15, 1849. James T. Campbell, San Francisco, 1853. John B. Kiernan, Stockton, California, 186-. Burnett Legare, at sea, 1866. George McPherson, Morrisania, New '\'ork, February 20, 1869. James McManus, San Francisco, 1852. Charles McMillan, San Francisco, 186-. Henry S. Morion, Stockton, California, 1854. Lieutenant Thomas L. Yermule, Stockton, California, May 7, 1856. John Milliken, Santa Clara County, about 1878. Walter Hutcheon, Brooklyn, New York, February 15, 1880. Sergeant Abraham Van Riper, on the Mokel- urane River, in the winter of 1848-'49. COMPANY G. This company was organized under the di- rection of Matthew R. Stevenson, a son of the Colonel, to which he was subsequently elected Captain, and made the voyage to San Francisco in the ship Thomas H. Perkins. On the 3d of April, in company with D, E and I, he sailed for Monterey, in the United States store-ship, Lexington. In May this and Company E re-erabarked in the Lexington for San Pedro, taking post at Los Angeles, the headquarters of the regiment, where Company G remained until they were discharged from the service, September 18, 1848. Survii'ors, 1883. Lieutenant John McH. Hollingsworth, George- town, D. ('. HISTOMY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Lieutenant Jeremiah Sherwood, New York City. James H. Adams, San Francisco. Frederic Jantzen, San Francisco. John Kleinshooth, Germany. ThomasNisbitt, Scott River, Siskiyou County. E. D. Shirland, Auburn, Placer County. John Schumaker, Los Angeles. Cliarles Schroter, San Francisco. Adolph Pfiester, San Jose. Augustus Tierofi', San Francisco. Thomas J. Wells, ^ew York City. Robert "Wilson, Yallejo. Supposed to he Livliuj. Herman Chaqueth was at San Francisco in 1874. Frederick Coyan was at Vallejo in 1874. Corporal James Y. Falkner was in Oregon in 1878. Francis Freshe was at San Francisco in 1874. John 0. Stevens was at Stockton in 1874. Whereahouts Ual'iiowji. Frederic Boinger, Titus Bennett, Eniile Burgeman, John Connell, Sergt., Patrick Caultlield, David Caulttield, John Clark, James Cummings James A. Colgan, Charles Copenger, Otto Coi'uing, Emil Cuvellier, Cortey Comstock, John Dunne, Thomas Dooley, Augustus Diddleson, Alfred Edmonson, John Euth, George Eaton, James Fitzsimmons, James T. Goodwill, Matthew O. Han ton, George Jackson, Sergt., George Jackson, 2d " Fred. Johnson, Corp. John Jones, Julius Kaufman, William A. I'ennedy, Lewis Kurtz, Henry Lawrence, Mus. Augustus Lipper, Joseph P. Lynch, Corpl. Francis Linder, Alex. B. Malcolm. Herman Montriel. Edward Miller. Valentine Miller, Charles Miller, Joseph Mark, W^illiam McDonald, John Myers, Charles Northman, Charles Osborne, Max William Pfeiffer, James Phillips, John Ruth, William- Russell, John M. Rose, Jacob Reish, James Rowan, George Robinson, Sergt. Emanuel Swal), GustaftShislylind, Mus. Frederic Shultze, Henry Siltzer, Ernest Schimer, Charles Saxton, Walter Taylor, Sergt., Michael Tinkerman, Truman Upson, John Vallely, James Warren, Martin DeLong, William Wells, Henry Lewis, William M. Wheeler, Charles A. Webster (1st.) Deceased. Captain Matthew R. Stevenson, at Sackett Harbor, January 2, 1863. Allen Andrews, at Los Angeles, December 9, 1847. Thomas Bosque, at Los Angeles, August 7, 1847. . , 8 > Vincent Bultice, date and place unknown. Charles C. Grinnell, date and place unknown. Jerome Hart, at Shasta, February 4, 1852. William Hopper, at Los Angeles, July 12, 1847. Robert Hammer, at Spanisli Bar, American River, 1849. James Meehan, Sergeant, killed at Los An- geles, 185-. AVilliam B. Osbourn, at Los Angeles, July 31, 1867. Lieutenant Jeremiah Sherwood, New York City, March 14, 1883. John Sullivan, at San Luis Ray, August 25, 1848. William B. Travers, Sergeant, at Los An- geles, December 10, 1847. Francois Thorner, at Los Angeles, July 81, 1848. H. H. F. Toye, at Grenada, Nicaragua, 1856. Augustus Tittle, at San Francisco, February 1, 1868. Henery Uhrbrook, at Santa Clara, 1875. James Vanderboeck, at San Francisco, Sep- tember 23, 1849. Thomas J. West, date and place unknown. Charles A. Webster (2d), at Los Angeles, August 17, 1847. George Wort, at San Francisco, April 5, 1847. Philip Farr, at Dutch Flat, California. The first Fourth of July celebration in Los Angeles was held according to the following order: Headquaeteks Sodthern Military District, CiuDAD DE Los Angeles, July 2, 1847. Order No. 1. — The anniversary of the birth- day of American Independence will be cele- brated at this port in a manner as worthy of the occasion as our means will admit, and if we can- not greet its return by a display of as much pomp and ceremony as will no doubt be made at many ports within our native land, we will HISTORY OF LOi ANOELBS .COUNTY. be unsurpassed by a proper deinonstratii)n of that pure, heartfelt joy which slionld animate tlie heart of every lover of freedom and free in- stitutions throughout the civilized world upon the happy return ot this orlorious day. At sunrise a Federal salute will be tired from the field-work on the hill which commands this town, and for the first time from this jioint the American standard will be displayed. At 10 o'clock every soldier at this post will be under arms. The detachment of tlie Seventh Kegiment of Xew York Volunteers and the First Kegiment of United States Dragoons (dismounted) will be marched to the field-work on the liill, under the command of their senior officers present, when, together with the Mor- mon battalion, the whole will be formed at 11 o'clock, A. M. into a hollow square, wlien the Declaration of Independence will be read. At the close of this ceremony the field-works will be dedicated and appropriately named, and at 12 o'clock a national salute will be fired, which will close the ceremonies of the day. Lieutenant Smith, commanding detachment of United States Dragoons, will cause a proper detail to be made from his command to fire the salute. Tlie field-work at this post having been planned, and the work conducted entirely by Acting Assistant Quartermaster Davidson, of the First liegiment Dragoons, he is recpiested to hoist upon it, for the first tinie, on the morn- ing of the Fourth, the American standard. It is the custom of our country to confer on its fortifications the name of some distinguished individual who has rendered important services to his country, either in the councils of the nation or on the battle-field. The commandant has therefore determined, unless the Depart- ment of War shall otherwise direct, to confer ipon the field-work erected at the port of Los Angeles the name of one wl regar< all who had the pleasure of Ins acquaintance as a perfect specimen of an American officer, and whose character for the reputation he had acquired in the field fur his gallantry as an officer and soldier, and his life was sacrificed in the conquest of this Territory at the battle of San Pascjual. The commander directs that from and after the 4th instant it shall bear the name of Moore. Circumstances over which we hasi; no con- trol have prevented the command at this port being completely uniformed, but each otliccrand soldier will appear on the Fourth with the perfect equipments of his corps as far as he has them; and most perfect cleanliness, as well in arms and accoutrements as in person, will l)e required of all. Each department will be minutely in- spected before assembling on the hill. By order of Col. J. D. Stevknson, J. C. BoNNYOASTLE, First Lieut, and Adjt. Stephen C. Foster translated the Declaration of Independence into the Spanish language, and the Mexicans here thus heard it for the first time. July 17, 1848, Pio Pico arrived at San Gabriel, on his return from Sonora, without a passport. Going to San Fernando he sum- moned J. M. Covarrubias, his former secretary, and on the 22d addressed official letters to both Stevenson and Mason (now acting Governor) informing them that he came in consequence of t'le armistice of February 29, as the Mexican Governor of California, to establish in the towns of this Territory the benefits of said armistice, and ask for the issuing of corresponding orders to carry his tuission into effect. Colonel Stevenson referred the matter to Governor Mason, and gave him to understand that he must abstain from conversation tending to foment discontent. Pico then went to his ranch at Santa Margarita, to await Mason's reply. The reply came in the form of an order of arrest, and Pico was imprisoned a short time at Los Angeles, but was released August 8, when news came of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which was concluded February 22 and ratified at Washington March 10, and at Quere- tero May 30, thus putting an end to the war, and giving California to the United States. TUK FOIIIJ TANNdN. On the soutiieast corner of Main and Com- mercial streets are planted two old cannon, mouths down, while on tlie old court-house stej)s arc two moi'e cannon mounted on wooden frames. The ij-uns were ln-ouirhl, heri' at an y 'l-^J' and were ittk UISTORT OK LOS ANGELES COUNTY. enga by the revoUitiouary forces nnder Don Pio Pico, against Governor Manuel Micheltorena, February 7, 1845. On tlie approach of Com- modore Stockton from San Pedro, in August, 1846, the Mexicans buried them on the mesa east of Boyle Heights when Governor Pico fled to Mexico. Lieutenant Archibald H. Gillespie, on being informed where tlie guns wei-e con- cealed, had them dug up and brought to his barracks. Subsequently came the outbreak under Serbulo Barelas, and Gilles])ie was besieged. Through Captain B. D. "Wilson, then a prisoner of the Mexicans, negotiations were concluded with Gillespie, whereby he evacuated the town, and took the guns with him to San Pedro, promising to there return thera to the Mexi- cans. On arriving at San Pedro, however, he had the guns spiked, their cascabels broken oft", and the guns themselves tilled with small gravel ■well packed in, and then rolled into the sea at low water as far as possible. When the news came to Los Angeles of the manner in which their guns had been treated, there was great ex- citement, and the hotter-headed made threats against the lives of the American prisoners in retaliation, which was all prevented by General Andres Pico, who was reinstated in command. The frigate Savannah arrived at San Pedro and Gillespie and his men were transferred to her, and on his representation that the Califoinians had no artillery. Captain Mervin landed 250 sailors and marines and marched on Los An- geles to retake the pueblo. In this matter Gil- lespie was mistaken, as the disastrous result to the Americans at the battle of Dominguez Ranch proved on the next day. The Mexicans had the famous Woman's gun, a small bronze cannon which had been fastened to a block, and used for many years at the old church at the plaza in Los Angeles City. Before Stockton's arrival this gun liad been hid in a cane patch of the garden of Dona Clara Cota de Reyes, on the east side of Alameda street, about 100 yards below First street. When the four old cannon were brought back from the mesa. Dona Clara and her daughter took the bronze cannon out of the cane patch and buried it. After this it was used at the battle of the Dominguez Ranch. A blacksmith hammered balls to lit it, and Ramon and Marimo Valenzuela, with riatas attached to the poles of the carriage and the horns of their saddles, pulled the gun, and Tynacio Aguilen, "el artillero," was gunner. The Americans came near effecting its capture in tiie battle. The Old Woman's gun was on exhibition at the New Orleans Exhibition in 1885, and had a label reading: "Trophy 53, No. 68, Class 7. Used by Mexico against the United States at the Dominguez Ranch, October 6,1846; at San Gabriel River and the Mesa, January. 8 and 9, 1847. Used by the United States forces against Mexico at Mazatlan, November 11, 1847; Urios (crew all killed or wounded) Palos Prietos, De- cember 13, 1847, and Lower California, at San Jose, February 15, 1848." In 1849 the four guns were taken from the San Pedro Beach, where they had laid in the salt M'ater for three years, and brought to Los Angeles and placed at the street corners. In 1881, when the first centennial of the city was celebrated, two of the guns were placed on the old court-house steps, where they still remain. ¥5 > niSTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. CIIATTER IX. >HE history of Los Angeles County since the close of tlie Mexican War now covers a period of more than four decades, of which the annals of the city naturally fill the larger part. During the first decade begins the history of El Monte and San Pedro. AYith the civil war came the Wilmington barracks. After the civil war there was a large immigration, several large Mexican ranches were divided into many small farms, and such places as Compton, Downey, Norwalk, San Fernando, Santa Monica and Pasadena sprang into existence. In 1876 the Southern Pacific Railroad came, affording easy communication with the outside world. That speculative fever known as a boom raged awhile, and was followed by a financial de- pression. About 1882 tiiere was an upward turn in the tide which reached its flood in 1887. Men and money flowed in freely and abundantly. The excitement was increased by the arrival of the Santa Fe Railroad system in 1885. The city grew to astonishing propor- tions, the country was rapidly settled, towns were laid out, and enterprises were established; and, while the land boom died away, the spirit of progress still remains, and history continues to be rapidly made. ^ Three times have there been divisions of the county. Kern County received a large slice in 1851; San Bernardino County was set oft" in 1853, and Orange County in 1889. With the increase of population that the resources justify there will probably be still further divisions. It is now in order to rehearse the story of American occupation, and a glorious one it is. Compared with the former times under Spatiish and Mexican rule, it is as the strong sunlight which the year round floods its mountains and mesas, while the latter is like its own romantic moonlight which still lingers on its decaying missions and ranchos. Los Angeles is one of the original twenty- seven counties of the State of California which were created by an act of the first Legislature held at San Jose, passed February 18, 1850. When California was under Spanish rule it was simply a- northwestern frontier province of New Spain. In 1804 Alta (Upper) and Baja California were made separate provinces, the dividing line being that agreed upon between the Franciscan and Dominican orders of Cath- olic priests, which was an east and west line between the Gulf of California and the Pacific Ocean, marked by a cross erected about forty- five miles south of San Diego. After Mexican independence in 1822, Alta California was divided into two grand prefectures, those of Los Angeles and Monterey. Two such prefects were afterward established at Santa Barbara and San Jose, and in 1829 ayuntaniientos (city councils) were held at all four. From 1831 to 1840 there existed live districts, namelv: San BISTORT OF LOS AlfQELES eOUNTY. Diego, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Monterey and San Francisco; but their exact boundaries were never accurately defined. The only portion of California then settled was a narrow strip along the southwestern shore; everything north and east of this was a terra Incognita. One of the first duties of the first Legislature was the division of the State into counties. The task was assigned to a committee, of which Don Mariano Guadalupe Vallejowas chairman. The result of the labors of this committee is given in Chapter XV. of the Statutes of California, passed at the first session of the Legislature, begun September 15, 1849, and ended April 22, 1850, at San Jose. The twenty-seven counties then organized were as follows: Butte, Branci- forte, Calaveras, Colusi, Contra Costa, El Do- rado, Los Angeles, Marin, Mariposa, Mendo- cino, Monterey, Napa, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Joaq^nin, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Shasta, Solano, Sonoaia, Sutter, Trinity, Tuolumne, Yolo and Yuba. The boundaries of Los Angeles Cy Salt l-nkc witli CO, 0(10 iiDunils (if assni-li'd iiici-cliaiul isc. In Maivli llu'iv was a -ivat .Arilcnu'iil, ,.vrr tlic Kcni Kiv.T miius, and slcain.TS from San l''raiicisco lirought a largo nuiulior ol' passungors who wcvo hound for those mines. Washing- Icm's hirlhday was oelehnitt'd by ii parade of tho VWy (iuanls. (Mirislnias and Nmv Year festivals Nvnv a.H'onn.aniod hv Inill-liohts. Ahel Sti ,1 .1. K. •k 11. ISod. -VigihuH'O cH)nnnitl('cs worr I'onnod in Los Angeles and at San (iahiiol. Tho prople wore greatly disappointed in not getlini;- the (iovernor's "pi-'>elaiuation of 'l'hanlanuing took a wagon train of seven tim-nnde teams from San Pedro to Fort Yuma, making the Vr: outrage. In ,1 iily, workiin ging where a bui'lding of Mr. Child's had been burned a short time before, discovered $5,000 in gold coin, which they appropriated, notwith- standing Mr. Childs' claim that it was his and had been hidden there by a dishonest clerk some years bt'fore. October 7, the arrival of the pionet'r semi-weekly overland stage, twenty days from the Missouri liiver, was ci'lehrated by the tiring of cannon. Number of voters in the city, GOO. The novel spectacle of camels as pack animals was tirst seen at Los Angeles January 8, 1858, when a drove of fourteen, umler the manage- ment of Lieutenant F. F. Heale. arrived from Fort Tejon. Kach animal carried a thousand pounds of provisions and military stores, traveled thirty to forty miles a day, and found their own subsistence, in the most barren country. These camels were Irecjuently seen in Los Angeles afterward. In 185(), when Pierce was ['resident of the United States, the (iovernment became possessed of that portion of .Vrizona known as the Gadsden Purchase, which covers large desert tracts. As an e.\i)erinieiit, the Co\crument concluded to purchase camels to be used as pack animals in traversing these vest wastes, and accordingly Commodore David D. Porter met Philip Tedro, popularly known as >• Hi .lolly." whose services were engaged ami through whom he bought seventv-six camels; and these nisrojir of j/js angklics county. were shipped directly to Indiuiiola, Texas, then across to Albiujnerqiie, wiiere the}' arrived in line condition, in ciuiriije of Jli Jolly. Here an expedition was tit'ed out, under coniinand of Ned iJeale, and the camels were first brought into active service. The objective point was Fort Tejon, and the route- lay alonir the thirty- fifth parallel? The expedition consisted of forty-four citizens, with an escort of twenty soldiers, and the camels provided tlie packing, in some instances carrying as much as a hundred gallons of water. They arrived safely at Fort Tejon, then made a trip back to Albuquerque, and again to Fort Tejon. Tii-ing of the camels, the Government condemned them, and they were sold at Eenicia to two Frenchmen, who took them to Reese liiver, Nevada, where they were used in packing salt to Virginia City. The animals were afterward taken to Arizona, and for some time used in packing ore from Silver King mine to Vunja down the Gila Iliver. For some cause the Fretichmen became disgusted with their property and turned the camels loose upon the desert near Maricopa Wells. Tiieir presence frightened the mules in the freight teams and many of them were killed on that account by the drivers. In the fall of 1882 several were caught and shipped East for a show, and the others were wantonly killed, except possibly two, which were so wil(,i that they are seldom seen. 1859.— In February tlie contract for the con- struction of a market-house and city hall was let to John Temple, for $30,000. Work was commenced in March and finished in September. It is the present court-house. The City Coun- cil borrowed $200,000 for improvements. Thirty- one brick buildings erected in the city this year. The two-story Arcadia l>lock, on the southwest corner of Ai'cadia and Los Angeles streets, with eight large stores on the ground floor, was built this year; as also two stories of the Temple Block, fronting on Main, Temple and Spring streets. There were eleven attorneys and seven physicians resident in the city. The vote was 1.020. Utah trade active. In January about sixty wagons left Los Angeles for Salt Lake; one Mrm alone sent forty teams. April 19, a contract was let for the erection of a telegraph line from San Jose to Los Angeles. Times were hard. 18()0. — (Considerable emigration from this county to Texas, — attributed to the difficulty experienced by white laborers in procuring work here, most of the vineyardists employing Indians and Chinamen. First telegraph mes- sage received in Los Angeles, at 8 v. m., Octo- ber 8. The following message was sent: Los Anokles, Monday Evening, October 8, 10 o'clock p. M. II. F. TicscHKMACHER, EsQ., President Board of Suj)ervisors, San Francisco: Allow me, on behalf of the citizens of Los Angeles, to send you greeting of fellowship and good feeling on the completion of the line of telegraph which now binds the two cities together. Hknrv Mklf.us, Mayor Los Angeles. San Francisco, October 9, 1860. Henry Mellus, Esq., Mayor Los Angeles: Your dispatch has just been received. On be- half of the citizens of San Francisco I congrat- ulate Los Angeles, trusting that the benefit may be mutual. II. F. Tescuemachek, Prcn. Board Siq^ervisors. July 18, General Fremont visited Los An- geles and was greeted with a salute of fifteen guns. In November, Lady Franklin, widow of Sir John Franklin, accompanied by her niece, Mi's. Cracroft, visited Los Angeles. 1861. — May 25, a grand Union demonstra- tion at Los Angeles. The national banner was presented by Phineas Banning, in behalf of the citizens, to the Union Club, and was accepted by C. Sims, the president, in an appropriate speech. A procession was had, in the following order: Band of the First Dragoons, Los Angeles Grays (thirty men), California Pioneers, the Union Club (150 members). Company K, First Dragoons (fifty men). City Officials, French Benevolent Society and the citizens on foot and on horseback. The procession marched around the Plaza, down Main and Spring streets and by the court-house; the national flag was un- iiisTiu;)' Oh' i.os JiVd'Av.A'i.' voi'iyrr t'iii-lf:iiul .-truck iii. the " Stai--Sjmui;lcil l!aiiiier," and tliirty-foiir guns \M>n' tiiril.-- i>ne t'tn- evory Stati> in tlie Union. Fiery ami patriotic specclics wore niado by CuMU'ral Drown, Major Carlton and Captain W. S. Hancock, snliscquciitly ot'natii)nal I'amo. A ctMUpany td" \(diintccrs wasi raiscil in I.os .\n -clcs, to form a ].art of tlic 5,000 ordered from the IState. Tho United States llolcl and tlie Hella Union liad been placed under a milit.-iry surveillance by Oajitain Oaviilsun, on account of secession influence; but in September a Union (Jernuin, obtaining possession of tiie United State.^^ Hotel, the Stars and Stripes were raised over its roof and the restriction removed, in October the regular troops were concentrated at San Pedro to take passage on a Panama steamer for the East. A subscription of $100 per month was raised by the citizens to receive daily dis- patches from the East concerninif the war. 18li2.- -" Small-pox, measles and secession raged in Los Angeles:" several fatal cases. Heroic remedies resorted to, etc. In January, three steamers were unloading troops at one time at San Pedro, and on the 19th -4,000 men were encamped there. Also a larye number of soldiers were encamped at Fort Latham on the La Pallona Eanch, under Colonel Forman. In October Camp Latham was broken up and the troops removed to San Pedro. Li November the small-pox broke out among the Indians of Los Angeles City and spread rapidly. 1SC3.- The small-pox prevailed extensively among the Mexican and Indian population; as many as fourteen were known to die in one day. In March the epidemic subsided, >• for want of further material to work upon." A majority of the Indians of the city were deaii, besides many throughout other portions of the county. Major Henry Hancock was in command at Drum Bar- racks. July 4 was not celebrated in the city. The soldiers at Camp Ballona Harbor celebrated it in grand style. July 31, a detachment of troops from Drum Parracks encamped in the city for the purpose of protecting the Union men. A Union ma.-s meeting- was held on Main street in front of the La Fayette Hotel, now tho St. Elmo, September 26. In September a great exodus of miners occurred to the Colorado River, a large number of prospectors from the upper country passing through the city to the mines at La Paz. November 9, J. J. Warner, who had been appointed Deputy I'rovost Mar- shal for Los .\ngeles, began the enrollment pre- paratory to the draft. His deputies were George I). Fisher for the southern end of tho county, T. H. Purke for the eastern part, and George E. Vertsen for the city and the northern part of the county. Companies of soldiers were sta- tioned in Los .\ngelcs all this year, to preserve the peace. In May the Mexican people held a gi'and glorification over the defeat of the French forces at Puelihi. Salt Lake trade continued good, notwithstanding the war. December 25, Captain 1>. K. West issued an order from Drum Barracks notifying all persons on Santa Cata- lina Island to leave before the 1st of February. 1864. — Small pox existing again. In Febru- ary there was another rush of miners to the Colorado, occasioned by reports of fresh strikes in the mines. Pusiness was dull and times ex- ceedingly hard. May 0, J. F. liilderbeck, of Los Angeles, was arrested by a detachment of native Califoraian cavalry, commanded by Lieu- tenant Cox, on tho charge of disloyalty. Mr. Pilderbeck had said when coinersing in regard to the Fort Pillow massacre, that he hoped the Confederates would kill every negro who might be taken with arms in his hands, and every white man who might be in command of them. The Fourth of July was not celebrated. In September the troops were withdrawn from Santa Catalina Island, and about the same time Fort Tejon was abaniioned. Union rallies and processions were held in October ai.d November. 1865. — Many large Mexican land grants were subdivided. April 19, a public funeral was held in respect to the death of President Lin coin. All business was suspended, the city was draped in mourning, and the various societies were in procession in appropriate regalia. Tho procession was escorted by Captain Ledyard's iiisroin' OF J.o.s ANaK/.KJs countv. military conipanj. Tlie funeral sermon was prcaciied by Rev. Elias I'irdsall. About tiuit time several arrests were made of parties who glorified in tlie assassination. Tiie Fourth of July was gloriously celel)rated, notwithstanding the heavy rain, by a procession, literary exer- cises and a dinner. Sore throat and typhoid imer. Business th fever prevailed ( prospects weru lietter, and fine orchards planted in every dircctidii, and \ ini-yards improved and enlarged. 1866. — The Salt Lake trade became exten- sive, reaching as far as Bannock, Idaho, 450 miles beyond Salt Lake, or over 1,200 miles from Los Angeles. lousiness generally was ex- ceedingly brisk, and real estate was active. The population of the city was about 5,000. Goods were shipped all the way to Helena, Montana, overland with teams, a distance of about 1,400 miles. 1867. — Major I'en. C. Truman gives this not very flattering picture of Los Angeles: "Crooked, ungraded, nnpaved streets; land lean; adobe houses, with flat asphaltum roofs; with here and there an indolent native hugging himself inside a blardcet or burying his head in the inside of a watermelon, — were then the notable features of this quondam Alexican' town." Trade witli Utah, Montana and Ari- zona was exceedingly brisk. June 13, fire, originating in I'ell's Block on Los Angeles street, consumed $64,000 worth of property. July 4 was not celebrated in Los Angeles. The town first lighteil by gas this year. On July 1 a brass band was organized. August 10-11, the Mexicans celebrate the anniversary of the conclusion of the Mexican war and the surren- der of the City of Mexico into the hands of the Liberals, with speeches, procession, music, fire- works, etc. 1868. — January 20, D. Marchessault, Mayor of the city, committed suicide by shooting him- self in his ofKce. The third survey of Los An- geles City made by George Hansen this year. The Los Angeles <.t San Pedro Railroad was in- corporateil; the stuck was owned by the county. I Population of the county, 25,000. Work com- I menced by the Canal & Reservoir Cotnpany j upon the canal and reservoir which now sup- plies the Union Ice Works, formerly the old woolen mill. City Water ('ompuny organized. First bank organized, by Alvinza llayward and John G. Downey, under the firm name of Hay- ward & Company; capital, 8100,000. Later, the same year, the banking house of Ilellman, Temple tt Co. was organized. A severe form of typho-malarial fever prevalent in the autumn. The new Masonic Hall dedicated September 29. The real growth of the city is said to date from 1868. Benjamin Hayes writes in 1876: "At this time, the fall of 1868, there was no three-story building in the town, while the only two-story business houses were the old Lafay- ette, the older jiortion of the Bella Union, with the stores of Barrows and Childs upon Los An- geles street, Stearns's Block, Bell's Block, a por- tion of the Lanfranco building, the older portion of the United States Hotel, Allen's corner, the Court-House with the part of Temple J51ock facing it, and a two-story adobe where Temple's Bank now stands. The portion of Downey Block facing toward the Temple Bank had a few one-story adobe rooms, with a wide gateway in the middle opening into a corral. This gate- way had connected with it somewhat of a tragic history, as, upon the cross-bar above, five des- peradoes were hanged at one time by the Vigi- lance Committee. The Roundhouse [a residence on Main street] was then upon tlie outskirts of the town. Captain Clark's house was fairly in the country, l)ut little of the property around being even fenced in. The hills above town and across the river, now dotted with houses, were then bleak and bare. East Los Angeles had not yet even been dreamed of" 1869. — Great demand for houses. Unprec- edented advance in real estate. Building and improvements going on rapidly, but still a financial depression existed. October 24, the corner-stone of their proposed hospital was laid by the French Benevolent Society, with cere- Trionies. In the (^arly ])art of the year sma]l-{)o.\ JIIHTOUY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. raged in Sonorntown. October 26, free excur- sion to Wilmiiigtciii, of two tniins, Imtli carry- ing 1,500 people, over tlie newly conijileted road. 1870. — Exciting minors that tlie mayor and council had been issuing scrip unlawfully caused their arrest; but the rumors were un- founded. In I"\'bruary the buildings in the business portion of the city were ordered num- bered, in order to facilitate the compilation of a city directory. St. Patrick's day was celebrated by the Irish citizens. Street railways talked of. Drunkenness and pisfol shooting rampant for months, especially among the Indians of the town. Liquor was regularly retailed at 110 different jjlaces in the city. "Nigger alley" described as the vilest of resorts. January 27, lire, beginning in Cohn & Norton's dry-goods store on Aliso street, consumed a number of stores and other buildings. February 9, tire, originating in John Baker's lodging house on Arcadia street. There was a large amount of freighting to the Owens River country'. Peti- tions and protests were circulated to the Legis- lature on the question of the division of Los Angeles County on the line of tlic San Gabriel River, creating the new county of Anaheim on the east side. 1871.— Downey Block erected. Thirty-live practicing lawyers in the city. February 10, A. A. Boyle died, aged fifty-five years. In March an ice machine was put in operation; price of the product, 4 cents a pound. Septem- ber 15, the Mexicans celebrate the independence of Mexico. Altliough but three were present at a mass meeting called to contribute for the destitute at Chicago, after the great fire, the citizens afterward raised several thousand dol- lars for the purpose. In October occurred the Chinese massacre, described elsewhere. In May mails three times a week were established between Los Angeles and San Bernardino. During this and the succeeding five years the Fourth of July was celebrated in grand style. October 31, opening day of the Southern Dis- trict Agricultural Society's fair. This society yef also held successful fairs for the several following. 1872. — August 5 was celebrated as a day of lamentation by the Ciiinese all over the world for the loss of their countrymen who weie lynched in Los Angeles the preceding year. Four priests came from San Francisco to con- duct public services. October 20, that jiortjon of Los Angeles known as Sonoi-atuwn was entertained by a genuine bull-fight, one of the relics of the bar- barous ages that have not yet been thorougldy obliterated by civilization. A large number of persons, principally native Californians, of all ages and both sexes, had assembled, and occu- pied elevated seats in the circular arena wherein the bull-fight M'as to take place. At the hour of comnienconent three individuals dressed as clowns stepped into the pit, each one bearing in his hand a red flag attached to a small stick. These were the picadores. One of them was well advanced in years, and shortly after the first animal had been turned into the arena and had become sufficiently enraged to make it some- what warm for his tormentors, the old fellow, not having the elasticity of youth, was impaled by the infuriated brute against the fence, and finally tossed over it. Besides being badly gored, it transpired afterward that some of his I'ibs were broken. Tie did not appear again, however, in the pit, which was seemingly a source of much disafjpointment to the specta- tors, not in consequence of his misfortune, but because he was reported to be the best of tiie three picadores. The other two continued to worry the poor bull, and succeeded for some time to avoid all his plunges. Finally one of them, taking the wrong direction, was slightly elevated on the horns of the bull, the points of which had been sawed off. Nothing daunted, lie continued to torment the poor beast with increased ardor. Several brads, to which were affixed various appendages in the way of rib- bons, leaves of colored paper, etc., were then passed to the matadores. With a brad in one hand and a bannei' in the other they await the UISTOliY OF LOS AJSOBLEU COUNTY. onset of tlie hull, and as lie came within reach proded him in the neck, and at the same time darted aside. The poor hull tore the ground with rage, the hrad meanwhile sticking in his neck and a dozen various colored ribbons streaming in the wind as lie rushed blindly, foaming at the mouth, at the agile picadores, who would then stand aside, to receive the plaudits of the fair senoritas that were in at- tendance. The bull was then taken out and the band struck up a lively air. The clown, who had heretofore kept at a safe and respectful dis- tance from tlie bull, being perched on the fence, then danced a polka and sang a song full of Me.vico and "Libertad." Another bull was then driven into the ring, and the same per- formance was passed through as before, the bull in the present case being more successful than his predecessor, inasmuch as lie succeeded in tossing the picadores several times. What was considered the best sport of all, however, was the "Grand Hide" performed on the second bull. The animal being lassoed and thrown to the ground and a riata tied around his body, to this the picador was to hold to ride the bull; a novel crown, ornamented with fire crackers, and an immense Ijack-gear made of wires, covered also with fire-crackers, were then placed upon the bull, being connected together by means of a fuse. Tlie picador then ad- dressed the assemblage, and asked them to con- tribute their mite, as it would probably be his last ride. Mounting and grasping the riata the animal was relieved of its bonds, and the fire- crackers, attached to its tail ignited. Plunging around the ring at a breakneck speed both bull and rider seem enveloped in flame and smoke, which continued until the poor creature fell from sheer exhaustion. The enthusiastic de- light of the spectators beggars description. Cries were then raised for a third animal, which, being fresh and more furious than the others, soon compelled the weary picadors to abandon the field. The clown then e-xtended an invitation to anyone from among the audi- ence to take their jilacos. but no one felt dis- posed to do so, and the performance was de- clared at an end. October 29, fire, originating in the explosion of a coal-oil lamp, destroyed Pnckard & Co.'s distillery on the east bankof the river, occasion- ing a total loss of about §60,000. 1874. — Population of the city estimated at 11,000. During the summer the Spring and Sixth street horse railroad was completed. Sunday law began to be enforced. It was esti- mated that at least $300,000 was exjiended in the erection of business houses this year. September 14, Eagle Flouring Mills, costing some $40,000 eight or nine years before, totally destroyed by fire. 1875. — Population of the cit}- estimated at about 13,000. Catholic cathedral and many other large buildings erected this year, amount- ing in total value to $260,000. May 20, at night, two extensive fires. In Decemljer a inovement was on foot among the merchants to have the steamers of Goodall, Nelson & Per- kins stop at Santa Monica. An effort was made by the citizens to have work resumed on the Los Angeles & Independence Hailroad, build- ing from Los Angeles by way of Cajon Pass to Independence. 1876. — City still rapidly improving. During June anti-Chinese meetings were the order of the day. July 4 was celebrated with ten times more pomp and noise than usual; the greatest celebration of American independence ever had in the city. Phineas Banning was president of the day, James J. Ayers poet, and James G. Eastman orator. General Andres Pico and Manuel Requena died this year. December 28, second burning of the Eagle Mills. 1877. — August 4, Hon. Benjamin Hayes, for- merly district judge, died. He had been a resident of Los Angeles County twenty-seven years, and the author of a chapter in the Cen- tennial History of Los Angeles, and an inde- fatigable collector of historical scraps. In October a grand fair of the Horticultural and Agricultural societies was held. 1878. — In January, a fight between the squat- HISTOliY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. tei-s and Datives occurred at tlie Rancliito, resulting in the killing of two Mexicans. June 8, there died at the San Gabriel Mission Eulalia Teres de Guilen, born at Loreta, Lower Califor- nia, and claimed by some to be over 140 years of age! but was probably about 110. This year was built the grand pavilion on Temple Street Hill, by the Southern California Horticultural Society. Tlie first fair in this pavilion was held in October. An area of 18,000 acres of land was burned over in the San Fernando Valley in September. February 1, the I. O. O. F. Hall dedicated. Binlding going on more than ever be- fore. In September over $D00 was raised in the city I'or the yellow-fever suflerers of Memphis. 1879. — Unearthing of the successive defalca- tions of Treasurers Melius and Butler, and Tax Collector Carrillo. The deficiency was found to be over $17,000. Vigorous measures adopted for the renovation of Chinatown. Washington's birthday celebration by the military and fire companies of the city. July 4 also duly cele- biiited. Extensive fires in the mountain forests, in June. In November died E. J. C. Kewen, a soldier, orator and lawyer of considerable note. 1880.— March 26, Samuel E. Hoylc, an old defaulting tax-collector from Georgia, was ar- rested in the city, and while awaiting the requi- sition papers sliot himself in the county jail April 20. During this year General B. F. But- ler, of Massachusetts, visited Los Angeles. Pop- ulation of the city, according to the census, 11,183. 1881. — September 5, centennial anniversary of the founding of the city of Los Angeles cele- brated. Twenty minutes' time was required for the procession to pass a given point. Main street was decorated with festoons bearing the dates 1781 — 1881. General George Stoneman, afterward Governor, was grand-mai-shal of the day. A prominent feature of the proiession was a Mexican cart drawn by oxen and contain- ing two Mexican women, aged respectively 103 and 117 years! Business generally was sus- pended, and the people gave themselves a free holiday. The horticultural fair was held this month in the Temple Street Pavilion, and the attendance was very large. On the 27th the obsequies of the late President Garfield were observed l)y a large procession and literary ex- ercises. 1882. January 10, tlie Esperanza Block, opposite the court-house on Main street, was burned; total loss, including the stores, $75,000. This year was commenced the construction of the Nadeau Block, the first tour-story building in the city; also the State Kornial School building; and the United States Magnetic Observatory was removed here from Madison, Wisconsin. April, an excursion of 150 Texan editors ar- rived in the city on their way to San Francisco, and spent several days enjoying the town and surrounding country. The principal political agitation occurred in the spring, when an attempt was made to enforce the Sunday-law, especially that part which re- lates to the closing of saloons. The saloon- keepers had a strong organization known as the " League of Freedom," which i-eeisted all efforts of an opposing organization known as the " Law and Order League." The courts were filled with litigation on this question, almost to the exclu- sion of other business and with great expense to the tax-payers. As a sequence the Sunday-law figured in the political campaign of the latter part of the year. R. R. Haines drew up a strong Sunday-law plank, which was incorporated in the Republican platform, and subsequently be- came a plank in the State platform of that party, and was squarely opposed by the Democracy. An immense Democratic majority throughout the State followed, and the next Legislature wiped the Sunday-law from the statute books. A most remarkable case was tried in the Su- perior Court of Los Angeles this year. Judge ,1. D. Hiries, of Ventura, presiding. A Mormon named Josiah V. Smith lived with his family on a lonely island in an ocean slough on the sea-shore, about thirty miles southwest of the city. He gained a precarious living by fishing. In November he claimed to have received in a HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. vision a command from God to sacrifice his fourteen-year-old son. The boy was called, and, obedient to the parental command, kneeled be- fore his father, who stuck a butcher's knife into the son's breast and watched his life-blood flow out upon the ground! The father then threw the knife away and carried the body to the house, where he held funeral ceremonies and, buried the corpse near by. In a few days a hunter, who was accustomed to hire the boy to row a boat, came and inquired for him, when the father told him the awful story of the " sacri- fice," and indicated the place of burial. The body was dug up and an inquest held. The father was arrested and brought to the city, where he made the defense that he did with his son only what the Lord had commanded Abra- ham to do with his, and admitted that he ex- perienced great disappointment in the non- fulfillment of the promise of a resurrection of the child. He was ably defended by Walter B. Stephenson, now deceased, who, on the ingenious plea of insanity, secured for his client the lighter sentence of imprisonment for life. While being taken to San Quentin, Smith jumped from the cars near Tehachepi when the train was in mo- tion, and was run over, both legs being crushed. The train was stopped, and he was taken on board and died at Tulare. His widow and chil- dren now live at Santa Ana. December 31, the city was lighted for the first time by electricity. 1883. January 20, terrible railroad accident in Te- hachepi Pass, in which over twenty persons lost their lives. It was about three o'clock in the morning and very dark, when the passenger train bound for Los Angeles stopped at the station of Tehachepi, which is just west of the summit of the Sierra Kevada Mountains. A very strong, cold wind was blowing down the snowy mount- ain pass; the engine was detached for the pur- pose of going ahead to get water; the conductor went into the ofiice to make his report; the brake- man, in his haste to accompany a young lady from the train to the station house, forgot to fix his brakes, and the cars were started by the wind down the heavy grade. When the conductor came out he saw that his train was gone, and, looking down the road he saw the bright light of the burning cars some two or three miles away! The cars had, of course, obtained great velocity before the passengers had any suspicion that anything was wrong, and leaped the track into a ravine, where they were massed in a crushed heap, and the lamps and stove-fires set the pile of splinters thus made on fire. The surviving passengers crawled out of the debris in their night-clothes and rescued whom they could. Among those saved was ex-Governor Downey, but no traces were ever found of his wife. The dead and wounded were brought to Los Angeles, where a few of the twenty-two corpses were identified and taken by relatives and friends, while the others were buried in Evergreen Cemetery. In February Miss Maggie O'Brien, of Los Angeles, was murdered near Colton by William McDowell. Miss O'Brien was living in Los Angeles, and had been intimate with McDowell, arousing the jealousy of his wife. They sent for her to go to Colton, where the crime was committed. McDowell was convicted and hanged at San Bernardino, March 28, 1884. In July and August numerous delegations of Knights Templar visited Los Angeles on their way to attend the Triennial Conclave at San Francisco. In this year (1883) Henry Amidon, a loco- motive engineer, was murdered at his place on San Fernando street. 1884. January 'J, Charles Whitehead, editor of the JiepuMican, a daily evening paper, was shot in his office in the Nadcau Block, by T. S. Harris, the ex-foreman of the paper. Harris was con- victed and sentenced to imprisonment at San Quentin, but pardoned by Governor Stoneman in less than a year. February 18, there occurred a destructive flood. The river rose rapidly after several days of heavy rain, swept away a number of houses, UISTOIiT OF LOS AXGELES COUNTT. destroyed considerable other property and caused loss of life. May 24, the first opera house or theatre built in the citj, by O. W. Chikis; it was dedicated by Mile. Rhea, who appeared in the " School of Scandal.'' During the year the city council 'built sub- stantial bridges across the river on Aliso and First streets. Also the fine and commodious Sisters' Hospital on Beaudry Park Ilill was com- menced. The Presidential cjimpaign was par- ticularly lively in Los Angeles. Four parties, strongly organized and witli full tickets, were in the field, — Republiciins, Democrats, Prohi- bitionists and '• Greenbackers;" and for the first time since the formation of the county in 1850, the Republicans were able to elect a majority of the officers. In a Democratic procession cele- brating the election of Cleveland to the presi- dency, one transparency bore the significant inscription, " The Court-house for the White- house." In October the Chinese celebrated their great triennial festival. lu December the municipal election was overwhelmingly Republican. The population of the city this year was esti- mated at 31,000. This year the city purchased of G. J. Griflith his fractional interest in the title to the water of the river for §50,000. Ig- nacio Sepiilveda resigned his position as supe- rior Judge and removed to the city of Me.\ico. 1S85. January 25, Jose Preciado was killed by Juan Pantojas on Aliso street, for alleged criminality with the latter's wife. Pantojas was acquitted. March 8, Phineas Banning died at San Fran- cisco, and was buried on the 12th, in Rosedale cemetery. 20, Adolfo Silvas and Francisco Martinez were hanged for murder by a sher- iff's guard. Silvas had murdered James A. Mclntyre, on New High street, July 21, 18S4. Martinez had killed a Mexican named Gabriel Chavez on June 20, 1884, in Verdugo Canon. April 15, death of Henry Stassforth, a well- known citizen. 19 death of Andre Briswalter, leaving a large estate. 28, E. J. Baldwin was sued for breach of promise by Louisa C. Perkins. The case came to trial in February, 1886, and judgment was rendered for the plaintift' in the sum of §75,000. This was set aside as excess- ive, and Mr. Baldwin finally compromised by paying the young lady §12,000. 21, ground was broken at the intersection of Fort and Second streets for the Second Street Cable Railway, by Isaac W. Lord. The cars began running in October. Early in tlie year the principal political item was the removal of Edward McCarty as chief of i police. j May 8, Senator John Sherman visited Los Angeles. June 5, Dr. Vincent Gelcich, a noted pioneer, died at the age of fifty-six years. 27, Colonel J. F. Godfrey, a soldier and an attorney at law, died, aged forty-five years. July 10, John Lennox, who had in cold blood murdered an Italian at San Fernando, and was tried at his own instance without a jury before Judge H. N. Smith, was sentenced to be hanged. This sentence was commuted by Governor Stone- man to imprisonment for life, followed subse- quently by pardon. August 8, imposing services in memory of U. S. Grant. 10, Father J. J. Upchurch, founder of the A. O. U. W., was given a reception by the order in Los Angeles. 17, Daniel Mooney, a well-known character, was accidentally shot and killed near Santa Monica. During this month. Sir Arthur Sullivan, of literary lame, visited Los Angeles. During the summer the first City Hall on Second street was built. September 2, J. E. Ilollenbeck, a noted pioneer, died, aged fifty-six years. ll>, the completion of the Los Angeles San Gabriel Valley Railroad to Pasadena was celebrated by an excursion. 18, Colonel E. S._Blasdel died at Florence. October 1, Loreto Robles was sentenced to ten years' iinprisonuRMit at San Qiientin for the II I STORY OF LOS ANUBLES COUNTY. 107 murder of his wife at Las Virgiuee Ranch May 12. Same clay Charles Miles, CouDty Kecorder, was arrested for the einbezzleiMent of $12,000. Oil the subsequent payment of the money in court, he was discharged from Custody. lie was immediately succeeded in office by Frank A. Gibson. 9, remarkable disappearance of Miss Lizzie Parker from the residence of Mrs. Vantrees on Court-house street. 11, Duncan C. Koss and Captain O'Brien had a sword con- test at Agricultural Park, witnessed by several thousand people; won by Ross. 13, death of Al F. Scheftelin in East Los Angeles; he was one of the discoverers of the Tombstone mines. 1886. January 19, great flood. River overflowed all that portion of the city lying between Wil- mington street and the bluff on the east side. A number of people were drowned, and much property destroyed. Levees were washed away and railroads washed out so extensively that all rail communication was cut off for about a week. During the day of the flood Martin Aguirre saved the lives of twenty persons, mostly children, by going to them on horseback, but he had a very narrow escape with his own life. The year opened with a strong advance in real estate, the sales during the year amounting to $28,204,759! In February occurred the trial of Perkins against Baldwin, for damages for breach of promise. In September occurred the Republican State Convention in Los Angeles for the flrst time, in Mott Hall. In the county the offices were nearly evenly divided between the Democrats and Republicans. In November Baynton murdered his wife and an old man named Kipp, on Olive street, in Los Angeles, and was convicted and hanged for his crime. 1887. January. Several large excursion trains from the East. 5, Andres Martinez, a Mexican, was fatally stabbed by Marguerite Granillo, an Indian woman. 14, Lorena, daughter of Dr. T. C. Gale, was run over by the cars on Ala- meda street, and died three days later. 15, death of Remi Nadeau, builder of the Nadeau Block. 21, George Roberson, who kept a fur- niture store on Spring street, was arrested on the charge of arson, and while being taken to the city jail by a policeman committed fatal injuries upon himself, his death resulting in a few hours. 23, Samuel Keefer, a hotel man in Monrovia, committed suicide. 29, President Cleveland signed the bill appropriating $150,- 000 for the erection of a Federal building in Los Angeles. 31, Well No. 6 at Puente gave the flrst flow of oil in the district. During this month was founded the town of Clearwater, on the lauds of a co-operative colony, who bought from the Cerritos Ranch. February. 4, Bill passed the Legislature providing for two superior judges, making a total of four. 3, corner-stone of the Baptist College laid. *7, A. W. Hutton and W. P. Gardner were appointed superior judges. Same day, a banquet was given to Brigadier-Gen- eral Nelson A. Miles, commanding the Depart- ment of Arizona, at the Nadeau House, for transferring headquarters from the Whipple Barracks, Arizona, to this city. 14, ship Ken- nebec, of 2,000 tons burden, and the Barkentine St. Louis, were totally wrecked in a storm at San Pedro. Sale announced of the Los Angeles & San Gabriel Railroad to the Atchison, To- peka & Santa Fe Company. Small-pox pre- vailed this month, thirteen cases proving fatal. A grand excursion to Ballona on the 14th, on the completion of the railroad to that place. Postoffice removed from Oxarart Block to the Ilellman building on Main street, opposite Arcadia street. March. 1, Woman's Home on Fourth street opened. This enterprise is supported from the proceeds of an annual flower festival, held since 1885, for tlie benefit of women and girls out of employment. During this month the cele- brated apostle of American phrenology. Profes- sor O. S. Fowler, ajjpeared in Los Angeles for IIISrORT OF LOi ANGELES COUNTY the last time. Other noted visitors were Charles Dudley Warner and M. Capel. 26, discovery made that El Hammond, the County Tax- collector, had ahscondeil with -^12,000 of the public money, he having fled to liritish Co- lumbia. April. 1, the rare spectacle of 500 men standing in line all night long on Court-house street, awaiting their turn to buy lots in the new boom town, the sale of which commenced the next morning at 9 o'clock; places in this line sold as high as $150! The Real Estate Exchange was incorporated in April, and ran about a year. 12, the annual flower festival was opened in Hazard's Pavilion. Hon. J. F. Crank and Herman Silver paid the city $10,000 cash for a double-track cable road franchise; in 1889 it was transferred to a Chicago syndicate, headed by C. B. Holmes, and the cars were set running June 8, 1889. 12, Mrs. E. A. Cox was run over and killed by the cars at the Downey street crossing. 18, the University Bank opened its doors. May. 2, E. M. Ross appointed judge of the new United States District Court of SoutheiTi California. 11, Grettie Rozelle threw a cup of vitriol into the face of C. R. Petrie, a loco- motive engineer, who finally recovered; Mrs. Rozelle was acquitted, but her husband, who was not present at the commission of the crime, was sentenced to nine years in the State prison I 15. death of Dr. J. S. Baker, City Health Officer, by heart disease. 18, the McLaughlin steam dummy line of cars was completed from Second street to Cahuenga Valley. During this month the National Opera Troupe of 300 people performed at the Hazard Pavilion. June. 1, Santa Fe trains commenced run- ning overland to San Bernardino. 6, ex- Mayor E. F. Spence donated $50,000 for the establishment of an Astronomical Observatory on Wilson's Peak. During this month two brothers named Hutchinson killed in Tejunga Canon a grizzly bear cub weighing 700 pounds. July. Judge W. A. Cheney, of the Superior Court, sustained the prohibition ordinance of Pasadena City. Catalina Island was sold by the Lick Estate to George R. Shatto. August. 2, Francisco Calzado shot and killed his wife in Los Angeles. 13, W. F. Williams shot and killed his wife also in Los Angeles; he was imprisoned for life. l4, ct)r- ner-stone of the new Turnverein Hall laid. 24, Downey street depot burned. 29, the old Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, South, on Spring street, burned, li, cremation at the Rosedale Cemetery. September. 20, A large number of members of the Grand Army of the Republic, with fruits and wines, left Los Angeles for St. Louis. October. 7, mysterious murder of Dr. Charles N. Harlan, a dentist,- near Compton. Miss Hattie Wolfsteen was charged with the crime, and the case became a catisd celehre in the criminal annals of Los Angeles. On the night of the above date a barn was burned near Compton, and the next day the charred remains of a human being were found in the ashes, the teeth of which were identified as those of Dr. Harlan. He had been known to keep com- pany with Miss Wolfsteen. She was defended by G. Wiley Wells and C. C. Stephens and acquitted. 21, the Chinese celebrate their triennial festival; the programme included a magnificent street parade. 24, Cardinal Gib- bons, of the Roman Catholic Church, visited Los Angeles. 26, corner-stone of Los Angeles College laid at the corner of Eighth and Hope streets. 28, Santa Fe depot burned. An oil train, being consumed with it, prevented the extinguishment of the fire till it had run its course. During this month occurred trouble between the Azusa and the Covina neighbor- hoods over the division of water in the San Gabriel Canon. Both parties had armed forces in the canon. Further trouble was averted by the courts. November. Republicans and Democrats agreed upon a joint ticket of fifteen freeholders to draft a new city charter. A coal "famine " began this month, and lasted several weeks. 1, California Bard\ opened, on the corner of F'ort IIlHTOnY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. and Second streets. 21, the first vestibuled train arrived in Los Angeles, coming direct from Boston. This month Genenil Franklin, of the Soldiers' Home Commission, arrived in Los Angeles, and made an examination of pro- posed sites for a Soldiers' Home, which re- sulted in the selection of the place near Santa Monica. December. The municipal election gave the Democrats a majority in the council. 3, liv- ery stable of Nicolas Covarrubias, on Los An- geles street, burned, resulting in the death of ninety-eight horses! 14, a high wind blew down a hotel at La Canada, resulting in the death of a woman, and seriously injuring sev- eral others. The large hotel at North Cuca- monga was totally demolished. The iron roof and upper story of a building at Ontario were blown down, the new hotel at Lordsburg, in process of construction, was destroyed at a loss of $20,000, and many buildings were blown down in Pasadena and Los Angeles. The wind was from the east, and the highest velocity in Los Angeles was forty-six miles per hour. 1888. January. Los Angeles Furniture Store was destroyed by fire. Ground was broken for the new City Hall building on Fort street. Los Angeles street was opened from Arcadia to Ala- meda streets. George Parks killed Ja!nes E. Miles at Whittier. Mr. and Mrs. Hitchcock were killed at Garden Grove, now in Orange County, by a German named Anschlag, who was tried in Los Angeles, convicted and sen- tenced to be hung; and in November, on the evening previous to the day fixed for the hang- ing, he committed suicide by taking poison. February. Booth and Barrett were at the Opera House. March. N. li. Vail, of Los Angeles, was drowned at Kedpndo Beach. The aimual flower festival was held in April at the Pavilion. "Whittier, Fuller & Co.'s oil warehouse on San Fernando street was destroyed by fire. May. The Democratic State Convention -in Los Angeles. The proposed new charter was defeated. July. Ellis College, on the hill, burned. August. The coast line of the Santa Fe sys- tem opened between Los Angeles and San Diego. September. The Sovereign Grand Lodge, L O. O. F., of the world, met in Los Angeles. Postofiice removed from its place on Main street, opposite Arcadia, to Fort street, between Sixth and Seventh. October. Alfred Wolf found guilty of mur- der in the second degree, for the killing of Wil- son at San Juan By-the-Sea, and sentenced to nine years' imprisonment. October 20, the new charter was adopted, and confirmed by the Legislature the following January. It was framed by a non-partisan board of free-holders elected May 31 preceding, consisting of W. H. Workman, Chairman; Walter S. Moore, Secretary; John Mansfield, C. E. Thorn, P. M. Scott, J. H. Book, Jerry Baldwin, Jose G. Estudillo, L R. Dunkelberger, Charles E. Day, Thomas B. Brown, W. W. Robinson, Dr. Joseph Kurtz, A. F. Mackey and George H. Bonebrake. By this new char- ter the wards were increased from five to nine, with one councilman from each ward on a salary. The Presidential campaign was very active on both sides, meetings, processions, etc., without number being held. November 5, National election. Brigadier- General Nelson A. Miles was transferred to San Francisco, and was succeeded here in com- mand of the Department of Arizona by General B. H. Grierson. Decen)ber. At the municipal election the Democrats elected a mayor and a majority of the council. As a result of the introduction of a bill in Congress by General William Van- dever. Representative of the Sixth Congressional District, looking to a division of the State, a large mass meeting was held in the Hazard Pavilion, which passed resolutions favoring the creation of the State of "South California," and an executive committee was elected to take charge of the campaign on that question. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. FIRST EVENTS. The first Protestant preacher in Los Angeles was Rev. J. W. Brier, of the Methodist Episco- pal church, who arrived here in 1850, his entire earthly possessions being contained in the ox team which he drove. He held the first service in the residence of Colonel J. G. Nichols. The first brick house was erected on Main and Third streets in 1852. A brick building opposite this was occupied in 1859-'60 by Cap- tain Winfield S. Hancock, who was a very popu- lar oflicer in the community. The first English-speaking school in Los Angeles was taught by Rev. Dr. Hicks in 1850. The first American child born in the place, as already mentioned, was John Gregg Nichols, on the 15th of April, 1851. The first newspaper was established in May, 1851, and was called the Los Angeles Star. In 1853 the town contained three dry-goods stores, and one year later the place boasted of 4,000 inhabitants. In 1854 the first Masonic lodge received its charter. In that year also the first hive of bees arrived, it having been purchased in San Francisco for $150, by O. W. Childs. During the same year a tannery was erected, an Odd Fellows' lodge was organized, and bull- fighting was legally prohibited. In 1856 the first legalized hanging took place. In 1860 the population of Los Angeles was 4,500, and the first telegraph line was con- structed. In 1867 a castor-oil mill and also gas works were established. In 1868 the Los Angeles City Water Company obtained a franchise, and the first railroad was built. The road was twenty-two miles long, and united this city with the harbor at San Fedro. The same year the first fire company was or- ganized, and at once entered upon its duties. • The first woolen mill was established in 1872, and the public library was founded in 1873. In 1874 the first fruit-drying establishment was erected, on an extensive scale. The year following a broom factory and artificial stone works began operations. The first county election in this county was held April 1, 1850; 377 votes were cast in the county. The officers chosen were: Judge, Agns- tin Olvera; Clerk, Benjamin Davis Wilson; Attorney, Benjamin Hayes; Surveyor, J. R. Conway; Treasurer, Martin Gartias; Assessor, Antonio F. Coronel; Recorder, Ignacio del Valle; County Sheriff, George T. Burrill; Coroner, Charles B. Cullen, who failed to qualify, and A. P. Hodges was appointed. Jonathan R. Scott was the first justice of the peace, merely taking that ofiice in order to give his ability to the county organization. He soon tired of it and was succeeded by J. S. Mallard. Judge Scott had been a prominent lawyer in Missouri, and was in the front rank of the bar at Los Angeles. He was ready for any useful enterprise. In company with Abel Stearns he built the first brick flouring mill in 1855, and about two years before his death he planted an extensive vineyard. He died September 21 1864. His eldest daughter married A. B. Chap- man. The first bricks wore made by Captain Jesse D. Hunter in 1852. He burnt his next kiln in 1853. From the first kiln was built the house at the corner of Third and Main streets in 1853; from the second, in the same year, the new brick jail. Dr. Osborne, a native of New York, came to California in 1847, in Colonel Stevenson's regi- ment, and he put up the first drug store in 1850, which was followed by that of McFarland & Downey in 1851. The first daguerreotypes here were taken by him and Moses Searles, August 9, 1851. November 1, 1851, first political procession (Pierce) under Nordholdt, Lecke and GoUer with transparencies and the Padre's little brass cannon: attempting to fire it off, "George the Baker" was badly burned. Peter Biggs, in 1852, was the first barlier. lUHTORY OF WH ANG/'JLES COUNTY. As a slave, he was sold to an officer at Fort Leavenworth. At the close of the war, left on California territorj', his ireedom was necessarily recognized. He lived here many years thereafter. Samuel C. Foy, February 19, 1854, started liis saddlery — the first to make any kind of harness. John Foy joined his brother in the following summer. The first hospital, "The Los Angeles Infirm- ary," for the sick, was opened May 31, 1858, in the house of Don Cristobal Aguilar, by the Sisters of Charity. These ladies emigrated from their mother house, St. Joseph's, Emmets- burg, Maryland, and settled at Los Angeles in the year 1855. Subsequently they erected an extensive hospital of brick, with garden and orchard surrounding it, in the upper part of the city. The first United States patent issued to a Los Angeles citizen was in 1859 to Don Manuel Dominguez for San Pedro Rancho. In the year 1867 Los Angeles was first lighted with gas. During this year, also. Doctor Grif- fin and lion. 15. I). AVilson, by means of a ditch, costing some $15,000, brought the water of the Arroyo Secos out upon the lands of the San Pasqual Rancho. In 1868 the first bank was organized in Los Angeles by Alvinza Hayward and John Q-. Downey, under the firm name of Hayward & Co.; capital, §100,000. In the spring of 1875 the "Forest Grove As- sociation" planled the first extensive tract of the eucalyptus, or blue gum, for timber. The city of Los Angeles was incorporated by act of the Legislature, approved April 4, 1850. The government was organized July 3. Mayor, A. P. Hodges; Common Council, David W. Alexander, President; Alexander Pell, Manuel Requena, John Temple, Morris L. Goodman, Cristobal Aguilar, Julian Chavez; Recorder, John G. Nichols; Treasurer, Francisco Figue- roa; Assessor, Antonio F. Coronel; Marshal, Samuel AVhiting; Attorney, Benjamin Hayes. The first locomotive built in Los Angeles was designed by Fred. L. Baker and put up at the Baker Iron "Works in 1889, for the Los An- geles & Pacific Railroad, and named the "Prov- idencia." Weight, fifteen tons. FLOODS. The princij)al floods aft'ecting Los Angeles County have been the following: In the winter of 1825 the channel of the Los Angeles River was changed from about where Alemeda street now is to its present course. A great many cattle were drowned in the San Ga- briel River. At Los Angeles, the flood of 1801-'62 began witli the rain on Christmas eve, 1861, and con- tinued without intermission until January 17, 1862, on which last day, at 3 p. m., fell tremen- dous torrents of water, accompanied by loud claps of thunder and vivid lightning; but very little damage was done, however. The city dam was broken, some adobe houses fell, travel was impeded, and the southeast gales delayed the arrival of the Brother Jonathan at San Pedro. At El Monte the San Gabriel River made a new channel, entering near the town of Lexington, but the danger was soon averted by the energy of the inhabitants. On the Santa Ana, thirty miles above Anaheim, January 17, the flood de- stroyed the thriving New Mexican settlement of Agua Mansa (Gentle Water). There was no loss of life, but every former sign of culture was obliterated by the waste of sand which the waters spread over the whole valley, and 500 souls, houseless, were turned out upon the sur- rounding hills. These rains extended to the rivers San Diego and Mojave. In 1867 a tremendous flood (for California) caused the San Gabriel to form a new channel, known since as New River, which was then a formidable stream. Five persons were drowned that winter. The Los Angeles River also flooded a portion of the country, and orchards, etc., were con8ideral)Iy damaged. EARTUQUAKKS. No permanent or serious injury has ever been done by earthquakes in this country since De- cember 8, 1812. when the great catastrophe at llIsruUY OF lAhS ANGELES COUNTY. San Juan Capistrano occurred. Tliere were moderate shocks in July, 1855; April 14, May 2, and September 20, during the year 1856; also one on the iiioriiing of January 9, 1857. This was followed by others during tlie day, and by many more during the three succeeding days. The same vibrations were felt also throughout the other counties of Southern California, and many of the northern counties of the State, being more severe at Fort Tejon than at any other point. This was the greatest earthquake since that of 1812. Mr. Barrows, who was at that time I'esident correspondent of the San Francisco Bulletin, thus speaks of the matter in a letter to that paper dated January 28, 1857: " The great earthquake felt here on the morn- ing of the 8th iust. was rather more extensive in its operations than we at first anticipated; it did some appalling execution in various places. In the vicinity of Fort Tejon, 100 miles north of Los Angeles, the effects were the most vio- lent. The ground opened in places for thirty or forty miles, and from ten to twenty feet wide. The line of disruption runs nearly northwest and southeast, in an almost straight line, pass- ing near Lake Elizabeth. The ground appears to have opened in the form of a ridge and then to hnve fallen back, leaving the earth pulverized and loose about twelve feet wide generally, so that in many places it is almost impossible to pass. An eye-witness saw large trees broken off near the ground; he saw cattle roll down steep hillsides; and he himself had to hold on to a post in order to stand up. The people in the Fort were unceremoniously honored with a shower of plastering and a general tumbling down of walls and chimneys; and it seems providential that none of them were killed. He judged that it would take months to repair the buildings at the Fort. The ofKcers and men are now camping out in tents. " Quartermaster Wakeman reports the time of the shock at twenty-seven minutes previous to nine o'clock, which agrees very well with the time as noted here. The motion was preceded there, and accompanied here, by a heavy rum- bling report. At the lleservation much damage was done, but I have not heard the particulars. There are no signs of aught being thrown up from the openings at the Tejon. It is supposed that though the causes of these disturbances may be subterranean tires primarily, the second- ary and immediate causes are the escape or ex- plosion of gases generated by those fires. This we conclude from the entire absence of all signs of volcanic matter, although the disruptions of the earth and the force that caused them, in the movement of the earth on the 9th instant, were tremendous. We had at Los Angeles five or six shocks during the same day and night, and within about eight days' time we had twenty shocks — some violent, some light. Since that time we have had none to speak of.'' Writing since in a local journal, Mr. Barrows gives additional impressions and reflections: " Whether the ground actually opened and then closed, and thus formed the ridge, or whether this ridge was merely a wrinlde on the crust of the earth, caused by contraction and subsidence from radiation of internal heat, may be a moot question. At any rate, a big wrinkle was formed at the time, and indications of it remain to this day. The earth of this ridge was pulverized and loose, and was about twelve feet wide generally, and was in many places almost impassable. I remember I was standing at the time of the great shock in the yard just south of Wolfskin House, on Alameda street. I began first to stumble in a westerly direction and was almost thrown down; and then, after an inter- val, giving time for recovery, 1 began to pitch, not suddenly and violeiitly, but slowly toward the east. Others standing near me were affected in a similar manner. I noticed that the grapes that were hanging underneath the long, wide- porch of the house, swung backward and for- ward, easterly and westerly, till they almost came up to the rafters. If the motion of the earth had been short and sudden, the damage, as in the case of Charleston in 18S6, would have been appalling; for the inovtMuent of the earth was eertainlv trreat, but at the same time IIISTOIIV OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. it was comparatively slow, giving everything on its surface time to partake of its motion. If the earth in the vicinity of Foit Tfjun, where the ridge or wrinkle was forini'c!, \vu^ raised up on each side of the fracture, and then slowly settled back, tlie effect would have been like the raising of a field of ice, forming thereby two inclined planes and then settling back and forming a crushed ridge or wrinkle along the line where the two planes met. Such indeed was the effect experienced in this city from this earthquake. We here must have been east of the extended line of disruption, atid therefore on tlie easterly inclined plane. This would have agreed per- fectly with my experience. If a section of the earth's crust, east of the aforesaid line, on which the people of this city were, was raised or tilted up from the west, the first movement, if con- siderable, would have caused us to pitch or stumble toward the west; and the second move- ment, or subsidence, would have sent us to the opposite direction. This is precisely what did happen. If, on the contrary, we had been on the west side of the rupture, or on the inclined plane west of the same, the order of movement to which the people of this city would have been subjected would have been reversed, we would have first stumbled toward tlie east, and then toward the west. '• We ha.I a heavy shake in ISOS, aiul also another in 1872. With these two exceptions, the earthquakes we have had in Los Angeles since those of 1857 have been unimportant. " One of the serious lessons that the people of Los Angeles and of California, and of the country at large, as they have only recently been admonished, should learn, is that their build- ii}gs, especially if over one or two stories high, should be made, as nearly as may be, earth- quake-proof; that is, they should be strongly built, — bound or strapped together firmly with wood or iron, so that they cannot be easily shaken down. l<'or, of all the earthquakes which have happened in this country within the memory of the present generation, it is re- markable how few lives have been lost from this cause, except from man's own fault. In other words, his own defective structures, it is true, have been shaken down about his head; but the earth, it is believed, has swallowed up no human life. In the gvQ-ii temblor of 1812 many lives were lost in the church of San Juan Capistrano, be- cause the tile roof, of many tons weight, fell on the congregation. So of the greater disaster at Charleston in 1886, and of others on this coast at different time^^. If human lives have been lost from (jarthquakes in this country, it is only because man's own works have been thrown down by reason of their faulty construction, and for no other reason whatever." IITSrORY (IF I.OS ANGELES COUNTY. CllArTER XII. fOSEPII CHAPMAN, captu red at Monterey ill 1818, came to Los Angeles County in 1821. James McKinlv, a native of Scotland, ar- rived in Los Angeles in 1824, being then twenty- one years of age, and kept a store on Commercial street, and afterward went to Monterey. Jolin Tein})le, one of the most prominent pioneers of Los Angeles County, arrived about 1827, and, forming a partnership with George Rice, opened the first store of general merchan- dise in the town, on Main street, where the Downey Block now stands. Dissolving part- nership about 1831, Temple continued in the business till about 1846. Later he leased a mint in the city of Mexico tor ten years, and refused an offer of $1,000,000 for it. About 1830 he erected the nucleus of what is now the Downey Block, at first adobe but afterward iirick. In 1859 he built the old court house, between Spring and Main streets, under contract with the city, for $30,000; it was first intended as a city market. He married Rafaela Cota, and died at San Francisco, May 30, 1866, aged seventy years. Jedediah S. Smith and party arrived here. George Rice, a native of New England, came to Los Angeles about 1827, from the Sandwich Islands, and tor a time was in partnership with John Temple in the mercantile business; after- ward he was in business in the block on Main street between Downey Block and the St. Elmo Hotel. About 1830 he married one of the Lopez family. He went East with his family about 1835, and is reported to be dead. J. D. Leandry, irom Italy, settled in Los Angeles about 1827, opened a store near the Plaza on Nigger alley, and alterward resided on the San Pedro Ranch, and finally died on the Rancho Los Coyotes in 1842. Jesse Ferguson, an American, came to Los Angeles from New Me.xico, by way of the Gila River, in company with R. Laughlin and N. M. Pryor, about 1828. Lie conducted a store on Main street, near Second, for William G. Dana, of Santa Barbara. Married a Miss Randon in Los Angeles, and about 1835 went to Lower California, where he died a few years later. Richard Lauglilin, aliout 1828, came as a trapper from New Mexico, by way of the Gila River, wejit first to Lower California, and the next year returned to this city, where he worked at his trade as carpenter, and occasionally hunt- ing also. Finally he started a vineyard on the east side of Alameda street, and married a na- tive lady and had sevei-al children. He died about 1855. Nathaniel M. Pryor, an American, came here with the parties before mentioned, in 182S-'29. Lie divided his time between his trade as sil- rnrn^ Jy^'trrw^CAJc 'dii in.STOIiY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. versmith and otter-lnuiting, siiid was for a time a warehouse keeper for Abel Stearns at San Pedro. He married Dona Sepiilveda in Los Angeles, purchased a large amount of property on Alameda street, and died in May, 1850, leaving several descendants. He was a promi- nent character. Abel Stearns, so often referred to in the pages of this history, was a native of Salem, Massa- chusetts, spent considerable time in Mexico, and settled in Los Angeles as a merchant in 1828. He became wealthy, was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1849, and of the State Legislatures of 1851 and 1861. He married Dona Arcadia, daughter of Don Juan Bandini, who, after his death, married Colonel R. S. Baker, and is still living in Los Angeles. Louis Bouchet, a native of France, came to Los Angeles about 1828 or 1829, purchased a small vineyard near where the Sisters' School now is, and cultivated it up to the time of his death, October 23, 1847. Michael White, born in England in 1801, emigrated to Lower California in 1817, com- manded a vessel for a number of years, became wealthy; settled in Los Angeles, lost liis wealth, and is now deceased. Juan Domingo (English, John Sunday), a Hollander by birth, was a carpenter on the brig Danube, which was wrecked in the harbor of San Pedro in 1829. He became a resident of Los Angeles, married Miss Feliz, planted a vineyard on Alameda street, and lived there until his death, December 18, 1858, leaving a largefamily and many warm friends. His name in Dutch was Johann Groningen. Samuel Prentiss, a native of Ilhode Island, was a sailor on the brig Danube, and after the wreck of that vessel became a i-esidcnt of this count}', and spent his time in fishing and hunt- ing, and died about 18G5, on the island of Santa Catalina, where he was buried. Ewing Young, a native of Tennessee, was a trapper of beaver in New Mexico. In 1828-'29 lie visited California and trapped about Tulare Lake, and the San Joaquin River and its tribu- taries. Returning to New Mexico about 1830, he fitted out the AVolfskill party, with whom he came to Los Angeles. In 1836 he settled in Oregon, where he became wealthy, dealing in live-stock, and died about forty years ago. In 1831 came the Workman-Rowland party, and also the Jackson party, including J. J. Warner. John Rhea, a native of North Carolina, emi- grated to New Mexico about 1828-'29, and thence to California as one of Wolfskill's party. He kept a saloon, grocery and billiard-room in Los Angeles, and finally returned East. John Ward, who was born in Richmond, Vir- ginia, in 1765, took part in the battle of New Orleans, went to Santa Fe in the first wagon train to that point, was in Lus Angeles iu 1832-'33, returned to Missouri, and in 1843 came to California in the first eastern carriage ever seen in this part of the country, went to Chihuahua in 1846, returned to Los Angeles in 1849, and died here in 1859. Joseph Paulding, a native of Maryland, en- tered California from New Mexico in the winter of 1832-33, by way of the Gila River; he was a carpenter, and made the first two billiard tables of mahogany wood ever made in Cali- fornia. He died at Los Angeles, June 2, 1860. Isaac Williams, a native of Pennsylvania, came to California in 1832, owned the Chino Ranch, where he died September 13, 1856. He had a brother Hiram who lived at San Timoteo, San Bernardino County. Moses Carson, a brother of the celebrated scout. Kit Carson, came to Los Angeles in March, 1832, followed tra])ping and was connected with the warehouse at San Pedro, he finally removed to Russian River. Lemuel Carpenter, of Missouri, came to this county in 1832 or 1833, by way of Sonora, in company with Chard, Paulding, Ward, ei al. He established a soap factory on the right bank of the San Gabriel River, not far from the present road to Los Nietos. He subsequently purchased the Santa Gertrudes Ranch, and j/it!roj;y of i.os A.NOh'ijcs county. n>si(li'(l llu'i-e until his ih'iitli, hy suicide, No- vrinluTi;, IS;-!). William Cluinl, .vforrcl t,. in tlic last pani ij;i-a|ili, (lid an cxtciisivi^ hiisiiicss licrc as ;i Inili'iicr, ami also siiww] soiiii- lunilnT. lie afUTwanl rcmoxcd to tlio SiUTiuniMito \'allcy. .hu'oh 1'. !.,-rso, an Anu-iiran. .■anio to"l.os Anp'l.'s iVoni Nrw Mexico in tlic xvinlrr of is;!;!, and remained aluMit two vears, entering the ovneral n,eivhan,lise Imsiness witli Wiliiani Keith and llll-il Kied. Then he went to Mou- teiev and estalilislietl ii lionse. w ith Naliian Spoiir and'w. S. llinekleyasparlners. in, Inly, ISiUi, lie ereeled the lirst hnildin-- at WM'ha" Muena, now San Kraiieiseo, and opened a store, lie w.-is tlie seeoiid while settler at that phuv. and w.'is for many years prominent as the leadin- hnsi- noss man iit that jioint. In .Vpril, ls;57, ho nmrried » sister of (.ienorid ^[. Ci. \'allejo, at that ]>lafe. and in ISH removed to iSononia. dames dolmson, an Englishman, came to Los .\noeles I'rom Soniini by water in lSo3, with a earoo of Chinese and Mexiean o-.hhIs. Shortly afterward he pnrehased (he San IVdro Kanell, where he w.as an extensive euttle-raiser for a ninnher of years; then ho ivniovod ti> i.os An- geles, and eii-a-ed in the waroluuiso and for- wardine- Iiusim>ss at San I'edro. lie died prior to 1S(;-J. lhi-1. Koid, ^or IVrfeeto Uii-o Keid). a nitive of Sootland, e.;vnu' to hos An>;eles in IS;^). and was a moreliant here ompany w, William Koith and -laeol. 1'. l.iese. He had formerly resided in New Moxieo, and disappointment in a lovo affair is supposed to have soured him. liotiriuir to San (iahriel. lie married an Indiait woman, and entered deej^ly into the study y^( llio al.orii;ines. His .leseription of the Indians and their numners is adopted in this work. At one time he owned the 8anta Anita Kaneli, and also other large property. Ho was a tnoniher of the lirst State Constitutional Convention of 1840. He died at Los Anoeles. Deeemher 12. 1S52. William K Amerie: physician, who eame trom Sonora ahont lS;>,'i, and entered partnership with Leese and Keid inthemereau- tilo business. Ho returned to Sonora, and to this phu'o again ahout lS-1-9, ami then went to the gold-niinini;- reoion. L. \. rrudliomme. a l''rt'nehman, arrived in Los Angeles in ls;!5. He was a eahinet-mulcer and eoo]H'r. He married a native lady named Tapia, who was at one time part owner of the I (^neamon-a Kaneh. He died May S, 1871. Henry Melius, a itative of Hoston, Massachu- setts, eame to this eoa^t in the brig Pilgrim, made famous by liiehard H. Dana in his "Two Years Betore the ]\Iast," 1S35-'3(L Here he linally settled, married a Mexican lady, and on Mr. l)ana"s ret nrn. twenty-four years 'later, he and was by him .Iriven around to view the nuMnorable seenes of •• hide droghiiig times." iMr. Melius was elected Mayor of Los Angeles in ALiy, IStiO, and died while holding that otlice, on December liili following his election. He was a brother of Francis Melius. Isaac tiraham, a native of Tennessee, in early life went to Now Mexico. He reached Los An- geles in eomjiany with Henry Nailo about 1835, anil remaiiu'd there until the following year, when he removed to the " Natividad," Monterey County, and (^.according to Mr. Wilson) "estab- lished a small distillery in a title hut, which soon became a nuisauce owing to the disreputa- ble charai'ter of those who frequented it." He was finally arreste.l ^ISK)-) on a charge o( con- spiracy against tlu' go\ernment ot' .Vlvarado, and in company with a nun\ber of others was sent to ]\lexio". to be tried. Tw,. years later charges not having been proven, and Mexico was obliged to pay some of them a small in- denuiity. tirahaui died at Santa Cru:^ He said ho came to California on the recommenda- tion of Daniel Roone. Charles Hall, a native of Massachusetts, canio to Los Angeles prior to 183t>. He was a niercliant, but failed, and was subseijuently in the employ of John Temple. John Marsh, a physician, came to Los .\u- geles from New Mexico about lS3ii. practiced UISTOUY OF LUS A^UELKS (JULWTr. medicine tor some years after liis arrival, and finally located on a ranch nuar Mount Diablo, where he was subso(|ncntly innnieroil. Juhu Heed, a native of Missouri or North Carolina, cani'^ to Los Angeles abont 1SB7 or 184:1. While in New Mexico ho married a danghter of John Kowland, and on liis arrival here engaged in ranching at La Pueiite. Ilo enlisted in tlio American army of 18-16, and took part in a!l tliu battles fought on the nuirch from San Diego to Los Angeles. He died at La Puente, July 11, 1871, aged fifty-si.x years. William AVittle may have arrived in Califor- nia as early as 1810, as in 1835 he signed a petition to the aynntamicnto for a town lot, stating he had then been in the country twenty- five years; but Mr. J. J. Warner says he never knew him. Francis Melius, of Salem, Massachusetts, fal- lowed his brother Henry to Los Angeles, lie came here in tiie employ of Boston merchants, and landed at Santa Barbara, January 5, 1839. He was for some years a partner of David W. Ale.\ander in mercantile matters (1850-'56), and died in Los Angeles City, September 19, 18G3. He married Miss Adelaida Johnson, who survived him, with seven children. John Rowland came to Los Angeles in the fall of 1841, as leader of a party from New Mexico. He was a partner of William Work- man at Santa Fe, and subsequently joint-owner with him of the Puente Ranch, where he died October 14, 1873, aged eighty-two years. Benjamin Davis Wilson,one of the most prom- inent citizens of this county from the time of his arrival here in 1841 to the date of his death in 1878, was born December 1, 1811, in Nash- ville, Tennessee. At the early age of fifteen years he went into business for himself at Yazoo City, above Vicksburg, Mississippi. Afterward he was employed in trade and in trapping in Arkansas, Missouri, New Mexico and the Apache country, and late in the fall of 1841 he arrived in California, in company with John Rowland, William Workman, William Gordon, William Wright and oIImm'.s wilh a stock of goods, and a band of sheep they drove with them for food. In 1845 Mr. Wilson raised a c impaiiy to assist in the defense of Los .Vngeles against Micheltoremi, and was one of tlu two embas- sadors who. under a flag of truce, succeeded in winning Miohcltorena's American fores over to the side of Governor Pico, tiia result being Micheltorena's abandonment of hostilities and embarkation at San Pedro soon after. Upon the breaking out of w.ir with the Uniteti States, Mr. Wilson was ordered by Governor Pico to raise a company and prepare for active service against the Americans; but this he re- fused to do, on the ground that he was himself an American citizen. He was threatened with arrest, but on sending his parole, was allowed to remain peaceably on his ranch. He refused Governor Pico's friendly offer to grant him any large tract of land in the State he might desire, and bore that gentleman's parting compliments to Commodore Stockton. He accompanied the Commodore into Los Angeles (the army fol- lowing in the evening), and not a blow was struck. Commodore Stockton, some days later, handed hiin his commission as Captain, and detailed him to watch the frontier, and guard against a surprise from the Mexican General, Castro. To aid hiin in this duty, Mr. Wilson organized a company of twenty-two Americans. After some time, everything appearing to be safe in that neighborhood, he took his company into the mountains on a hunt, and on their return learned of the revolt by the natives against Lieutenant Gillespie, whom Stockton had left in charge of Los Angeles. Mr. Wilson now repaired to his Jurupa Ranch, and there received a letter from Isaac Williams, of the Chino Ranch, inviting him and his party there, and promising them plenty of ammunition. While here the Americans were surrounded by a native force under Barelas, who fired the building in which they had fortified themselves, and compelled a surrender of the whole ]iarty. From this time until the evacuation of Los Angeles by (iillespie, Mr. W >lh HISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Americans Avere lield prisoners. After the re- occTipatioii, lie peribrmed many signal services lor the American commanders, and aided, per- haps more than any other man in Southern California, in restoring peace and good feeling between the Americans and natives. During all this time he had heen heavily en- gaged in merchandising in Los Angeles, as well as in cattle 2-anching at Jurupa. In 1850 he was a delegate to a convention held at Los An- geles for the purpose of procuring a division of the State- — the southern portion to remain as a Territory. This project, liowever, failed. After organization of the State, he was elected the first county clerk of Los Angeles County, Dr. "Wilson "W. Jones acting as his deputy and re- ceiving all emoluments of the ofKce. Mr. "Wilson was also elected mayor of the city in 1851. In 1852 he was appointed Indian agent for the Ecuthern district, by President Fillmore; ai.d assisted General Beale in forming the reserva- tion at FoYt Tejon. In 1854 he succeeded the widow of Hugh Eeid in ownei'ship of large landed interests at San Gabriel. In 1855, he was elected State Senator from Los Angeles, and served the ensuing term; also in 1869-'70. From that time until his death, March 11, 1878, he resided on his Lake Vineyard Ranch in San Gabriel Valley. His first wife having died March 21, 1849, he married Mrs. Margaret S. Hereford, February 1, 1853, who survives him, and still resides at Lake Vineyard witli her two daughters. "William Workman, born in England in 1800, and arrived with John Rowland in 1831, and was a partner of F. P. F. Temple in the banking busi- ness at Los Angeles, 1868 to 1875-'76, and the failure of that enterprise so preyed upon his mind that he committed suicide May 17, 1876. F. P. F. Temple, a native of Massachusetts, arrived in Los Angeles by water during the summer of 1841, and engaged in business with his brother, John Temple, then a leading mer- chant of the city. He subsequently established a stock-ranch near Fort Tejon, and disposed of this in 1868 to engage in banking at Los Angeles, in partnership with I. "W. Hellman and "William "Workman. ^ He died at his ranch April 30, 1880. David "W. Alexander, an Irishman by birth, canje to Los Angeles from Mexico about 1841 or '42. He ranched at the Rincon Ranch, San Bernardino County, for a time; kept a store in Los Angeles. He was elected sheriff of the county September 5, 1855, served the ensuing term, and again filled that otfice in the years 1876 and "77. Now deceased. Alexander Bell was born in Pennsylvania in 1801, and in 1842 came to Los Angeles. In 1844 he married Dona Nieves Guirado. They had no children, but, according to LI. D. Barrow-, sustained the relation of padrinas (godfather and godmother) to more children than any other couple in California. He was engaged in mer- cantile pursuits in Los Angeles until 1854, and built the block of buildings known as "Bell's Row," fronting on Los Angeles and Aliso streets. During the war of occupation lie commanded a company as Captain. He died at Los Angeles July 24, 187L Henry Dalton, English, resided in Los An- geles prior to 1845, and was a merchant there at the time of the American occupation. Is now deceased. He was tlie owner of the Azusa Ranch. Jose Mascarel, French, arrived in Los An- geles in 1844, and has resided there ever since. He was elected mayor of the city in 1865, and served several terms in the common council. He has erected several fine blocks of l>uiidings in the city. Is still a resident. Hon. Kimball II. Dimmick was a native of Connecticut. At an early age his father removed to Mohawk, Chenango County, N. Y. He was a member of the" art preservative of all arts," and was a member of the Bar of the Sixtli Circuit of New York, which, under the venerable J udge Mosely, ranked at the head of the profession. Although a "Whig in politics, and having charge of a "Whig newspaper in that county when the President of the United States, James K. Polk, called for volunteers for the war, General Dim- UIlSTOUY UF LUd ANGELES COUNTY. inick, wlio was then in couiinaud of a brigade of the New York State Militia, raised a coin- pauy and, at its acceptance, was elected Captain. He was repeatedly offered a field office, which he reliised to accept, preferring to share the fate of the sons of his neighbors of the county. He sailed Ironi New York in September, 184G, in command of Company K of Colonel J. D. Stevenson's regiment, New York Volunteers, on the ship Loo Choo and landed at Yerba Buena, March 7, 1847, from whence he was ordered with his company to garrison the presi- dio. When peace was proclaimed he removed to San Jose, where he was elected alcalde, an office at that time of more importance than that of supreme judge at present. At the election iield in 1849, under the proclamation of General Riley, military Governor of California, he was elected judge of the Supreme Court of the State. He was elected to and attended the con- vention for framing a State constitution for the State of California, and several of the important articles of that instrument were reported by him and adopted witliout amendment. In 1851 he revisited the East and supposed himself worth a fortune, but by the treachery of pretended friends he returned here to lind himself utterly penniless. He then removed to this county, where he held successively the offices of district attorney, justice of the peace, notary public, judge of the county, and at the time of his death, through the partiality of his friend W. H. Seward, he held the important office of at- torney for the Southern District of the United States for California. He died suddenly, of heart disease, in Los Angeles, September 11, 1861. Of the original C(.immaiid of (General Kearny, Lieutenant Warner was killed at Goose Lake, in the northern i)art of this State, in 1849, by Indians. Captain William Emory is Major- General, United States Ai-my. Lieutenant Stone- man is on the retired list, with the rank of Brevet Major-General; resides on his farm near Los Angeles City. Lieutenant J. B. Davidson is Brevet J>rigadier-tJencral. Major Thomas Swords, Quartermaster, is retired. Captain A. J. Smith was a General in and resigned after the civil war. Captain Turner resigned after the Mexica;i war. Doctor Griffin resignel in 1854. Captain Turner became partner in the banking house of Lucas, Turner & Co., San Francisco — • the same house with which General Sherman was connected. James R. Barton, Caj)tain Alex- ander Boll, Daniel Sexton, and John Reed were of the vulunteers with Kearny. Sexton resides at the city of San Bernardino. John Reed was First Sergeant of Captain Ilensly's company, under Fremont, at the occupation of Los An- geles, August, 184(); he was born in North Carolina; died July 13, 1875, aged fifty-seven years, at his farm, Puente, in this county. He married the only daughter of John Roland; she survives him. John Carl Eschrich, so famil- iarly known to the Californians as " Don Carlos," of Stevenson's regiment, died at the age of fifty- two years, June 10, 1874; ho was a native of Germany. Don Miguel de Pedrorena died March 30, 1850, in San Diego County. Don Santiago E. Arguello died in 1859, at his Rancho La Punta, in the same county. A soldier who served out of California, Andra Weinshank, born in Bavaria, died at this city February IG, 1874, aged fifty-four years. He was at Vera Cruz, and all the battles on Scott's line. Elijah T. Moulton, of the Fremont battalion, resides at Los Angeles. Of the privates of Company C, First Dragoons, are resident at this city: George Washington Whitehorn, born at Pen- nington, Monroe County, New York, 1821; William Burden Dunne, Cork, 1818; and in this county, Michael Ilalpin, born at Limerick, 1823. The '• Veterans of the Mexican war'' were organized into a society, at the city of Los An ■ geles, September 27, 1873. The name and na- tivity of residents are as follows: Officers. — President, General George II. Stone- man, New York; Vice-Presidents, Peter Thomp- son, New York, and W. Todd, Illinois; Secretary, J. D. Dunlap, New Hampshire; Treasurer, G. W. Whitehorn, New York; Marshal, Captain AVilliam Turner, Isle of Wight. HISTOBT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. Executire Committee. — Fentoii M. Slaughter, Virginia; Doctor AYilliain H. Uuniie, Ireland; George W. Cole, Illinois; (5. W. -Whiteliorn, Kew York; Robert T. Johnson, Tennessee. ALenihers. — Province of Alaine JS'elson Will- iamson, Joseph li. W. Hand. Alaine — Stephen C. Foster, Albion C. Liliby. New llainjishire — David M. Main. Vermont — Mjron Norton. Khode Island — Lewis A. Wilmot. New York — Edwurd E. Ilewit, George Carson, James B. Caywood, Galirie! Allen, George Davis, James II. Stewai't, Abraham Maricole, Albert Clark, renns^lvania — Henry C. AViley, James F. Wil- son. Maryland — Jonathan Knott, Ephraim For- bnsli, Joshua Talbott, John J. Mills, Thomas E. Wade, John F. Staples. District of Columbia — George Smith, George Diggs. Virginia — Doctor John S. Griffin, Thomas Enroughty, James W. Spratt, Archer C. Jessie, Pleasant Eyas, Will- iam W. Erown. North Carolina — Robert C. Dobson, William C. Hughes, Lewis G. Green. Tennessee— Tliomas J. Ash, Robert T. Johnson, Joseph Eridger, John T. Davis, William T Henderson, F. II. Alexander, Benjamin D. Wil- son, James M. Smith, Anderson Wright. Ken- tucky — Charles M. Eenbrook, James II. Easton, Pinckney C. Molloy, Shapley P. Ross, James Thompson, James W. B. Davis. Ohio — Wilson Beach, Charles Chauey, Isaiah Smith, Gracia C. Norris, Marcus Serrott, Augustus C. Chan van. Illinois — Andrew J. Cole, Charles O'Niel. Georgia— Clement C. Goodwin, John P. H. Chew, Pauldo G. Rushmore. South Carolina Allen W. Neighbors. Mississippi — Edward J. C. Kewen, Edward H. Cage. Indiana— James W. Taggart, F. M. Matthew. Ireland— Mat- thew St. Clair Gardner, David W. Alexander, Paul Ryan, Nicholas Keating, Michael Halpin. Canada — Elijah T. Moulton. England — John Roach, John V. Moore, William O. Baxter, Robert W. Allen. Germany— August Eblers, John Shumacher, Augustus Tipple, Valentine Mand. Austria — Goti'ried Voight. Russia Alexander Saurwied. Prussia — Augu.stus W. Tinims. Philipine Islands— William P. Rey- nolds. Deceased members in 1876 were:Johan Carl Escrich, Andra Weinshank, John Reed, and Thomas Standifer- the last dying June, 1875. Of the actt)rs in scenes through which some yet living have traveled, some are lost to sight: Don Jose Sepiilveda, Don Manuel Requena, Don Andres Pico, Don Ignacio Alvarado, Don Agustin Machado, Louis Vignes, Isaac Will- iams, Andrew A. Boyle, John Rowland, Will- iam Workman; others, many, whose names are dear to alfection, and whose good deeds are treasured in universal respect. A. A. Eoyle died February 9, 1871, aged fifty-four years; Jol'.n Rowland, at the age of eighty-two years, August 13, 1873; William Workman, born with the century, died May 17, 1876. Com- panions of a hundred dangers and toils, Row- land and Workman sleep together, at La Puente, in the church-yard of the little chapel, which both designed many yeaj-s ago. Don Jose Sep- lilveda, born November 30, 1804, died at Mex- ico, April 17, 1875. Don Andres Pico, born November 30, 1810, died February 14, 1876. A brother, Don Pio Pico, was born at San Ga- briel May 5, 1800. Don Manuel Requena, born on the Peninsula of Y'ucatan, died in this city, aged seventy-four years, June 27, 1876. Don Andres Pico and Don Jose Sepiilveda were born at the old presidio of San Diego. Isaac AVill- iams, born in Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania, September 19, 1799, died at Chino Ranelio, September 13, 1856; he came to California in the year 1832. Aged ninety-one years, Louis Vignes died January 17, 1862; at near the same age, September 25, 1858, Don Ignacio jVbila, and more recently Don Julio Verdugo. John Goller died July 7, 1874. Don Agustin Machado died May 17, 1865, at seventy-seven years of age. One of a company — the others, Felipe Talamantes, Tomas Talamantes, and his own brother, Ignacio Machado — who in 1839 received a grant of the Rancho of La Ballona. Don Ignacio Palomares, born February 2, 1811, died November 25, 1864. The first three American families who perma- nently settled in the city, in 1850, -were those UISTORY OF LOS AHOELES COUNTY. of J. G. Nichols, J. S. Mallard, and Louis Granger. Stkimien (!. lA.sTKK is a native uf :M:icl)ias, Maine,- wLere he was born in the year 1820. He graduated from Yale College in the class of 1840. He first engaged in teaching, after graduation, in Virginia, and then in Alabama. From thence he went to New Orleans, where, in 1844, he attended a course of lectures at the New Orleans Medical College. In 1845 he started for California, via Santa Fe and El Paso, and went as far as Oposnra, Sonora, where he first heard of the breaking out of the Mexi- can war. He returned to Santa Fe, where he worked awhile as a clerk in a store. In October, 1846, he entered into a contract to serve as in- terpreter for Captain Cooke, commander of the Mormon Battalion of Missouri Volunteers, tlien on its way to California. After many hard- ships he arrived, with the liattalion, in Los Angelee, March 16, 1847. He was appointed alcalde of Los Angeles January 1, 1848, by Colonel R. B. Mason, and served in that capacity, and as interpreter, until May 17, 1849. Governor Riley, under instructions from Wasliington, on the 3d of June, this year, issued a proclamation to the people of Cali- fornia to elect delegates, to meet at Monterey, September 1, 1849, to form a State constitution, and Captain 11. AV. llulleck, Captain of En- gineers, U. S. A., wrote to Mr. Foster, request- ing him to use his influence to have the people of'tlu; Los Angeles district hold an election of delegates. The election was duly held, and Abel Stearns, Manuel Dominguez, I'edro Car- rillo, S. C. Foster and Hugo Reid, natives respectively of Massachusetts, California, Maine and Scotland, w^ere chosen, and at the appointed time they were on hand, and assisted in form- ing a constitution, under which California was rescued almost from a state of anarchy, incident to a change of government and the derangement caused by the wonderful gold discoveri occurred immediately thereafter, and which she. prospered for nearly thirty year Mr. Foster has held various other i: that nder itions i.f trust, including those of prefect, mayor and State senator. Being an accomplished Span- ish scholar, his services became very valuable in many ways, in a community where a large pro- portion of the people spoke only that language, and where the laws and ancient archives were wholly Spanish. His wonderfully retentive memory and his intimate ac(pKiintance with public affairs, make him a perfect cyclopedia of information in regard to persons and events of the past of our section. In 18— lie married DonaMerced, daughter of Antonio M. Lugo, she being then the widow of Juan Perez, deceased. From this union there are two sons, now men grown, who, with their families, reside near their parents, near San Gabriel River, on a por- tion of the magnificent San Antonio Kanclio of Mrs. Foster's father. William Wolfskill, the pioneer. A Doctor William Wolfskehl, of Germany, came to San P'rancisco, via Australia, on his return to Ger- many in 1870 or 1871. Later, his son came from Berlin with other scientific men, to inspect the Northern Pacific Railroad with Villard. Dr. W. said his grandfather, or great-grand- father, was one of seven brothers of whom Frederick the Great impressed six into his Potsdam regiment of tall men, and that he was the only one of the six who escaped from the wars, and the W^olfskehls of Germany are his descendants. Dr. W. said further that the seventh and youngest brother came to America, and from then on they (the Wolfskehls of Germany) lost track of iiim. Dr. W. and his son believe that the Wolfekills, of California, and of Missouri and Kentucky, are descendants of this younger brother. William Wolfskill, the early pioneer of Cali- fornia, and the founder of the Wolfskill family of this city, andof its various collaterid branches, now quite numerous, was born near Richmond, Kentucky, March 20, 1798, or two years befor6 the commencement of the present century. His Grandfather Wolfskill was a native of Ger- maiiv. His father, with his family and a few IIISTOUV UJ< LUS ANOELEti COUNTY. neighbors, moved from Kentucky in 1809, whilst William was 3'et a boy, and settled in what is now Howard County, Missouri, then in the heart of the Indian country. Governor Clarke, of Missouri, refused to guarantee them protection against the hostile savages, and they were compelled to protect themselves. They built a fort, and cleared and fenced a small tract in common. The Indians were so bad during the year 1811 that the men were obliged to carry their arms at the plow. It was only by the most unceasing watchfulness that the brave little band of pioneers, and builders of a State, in fact, were able to hold their own against their hostile neighbors all through the war of 1812. But, though weak in numbers, they were strong in courage; though their long Kentucky rifles were few, they were sure and deadly, and they themselves, from long school- ing on the frontier, had come to be more wily then the red man. After the close of the war in 1815, AVilliam, with his two sisters, went back to Kentucky, to attend school. In 1817 he returned to Mis- souri, and remained with his father at " Boone's Lick " till 1822, when, at the age of twenty- four, he started out in the world on his own account to seek his fortune, to penetrate still farther -into the far West, and to find "a better ill which to build a lion: In May, 1822, with others, he set out for Santa Fe, New Mexico, where he remained till the following January, when he went down the Eio Grande to El Paso del Norte. On this trip down the river, accompanied by a single companion, a New Mexican, he trapped for beaver. One night whilst sleeping in their camp, some twenty miles from Valverde, Mr. Wolfskin was shot by his worthless companion, apparently for no cause, unless it was for the possession of his old rifle and a few worthless beaver traps, for they were about all Mr. W. had in the world. They had never quarreled, and there was no hard feeling between them. The rifle-ball would have entered his breast, if it had not been warded oft' partially by his blankets and his arm. The wounds on his arm and breast he carried till his dying day, and were, as he thought, the remote cause of the heart disease from which he suft'ered in his lat- ter days, and from which finally he died. Mr. Wolf=.kill returned to Santa Fe in Au- gust, and about Christmas he went to Taos. In February, 1824, with a large company, he fitted out a trapping expedition for the head-waters of the Colorado, or as it was then called, the "Rio Grande of the West." The company took down the San Juan and other tributaries, and gradually became separated till only two com- panions, Slover and Young, remained with Mr. Wolfskin, whose object was to get outside of where trappers had ever been. They remained out till the beaver season was over, and arrived again at Taos in June. From here Mr. Wolfs- kill started off south with a Captain Owens and party, after horses and mules to take to Louisi- ana. They bought up animals in Chihuahua, and took them as far as the Presidio del Norte, where they were attacked by Indians, and sev- eral of the men, including Captain Owens, were killed, and the animals stampeded. Here Mr. Wolfskin and a companion, Belcher, stopped awhile to care for another member of their party, Dudley, who had been wounded by the Indians. Meanwhile some of the mules which had got away from the Indians strayed back to the Presidio, and others were bought, and Mr. Wolfskin and Belcher started with them for home, by way of the settlements and the Gulf, to avoid the Indians. J3elcher promised to meet Mr. Wolfskill at Natchitoches with the animals the next Fourth of July, and so the latter pushed on alone, via the Mississippi River, etc., to his father's home, where he ar- rived in ill health, June, 1825. Thus ended his first expedition westward, he having been gone something over three years, and having penetrated as far as the tributaries of our great Colorado River on the Pacific Slope. He soon after, however, started back for Natchitoches to meet Belcher, where he was to get the mules and take them East and sell them IllSTOUY OF LOS ANQRLES COUNTY. for the benefit of Captain Owens's family, to wiioin they belonged, he being authorized to act as their agent. He found Belcher at San Felipe, on the Brazos. Mr. Wolfsldll took the animals across Louisiana and Mississippi to Greensboro, Alabama, where he wintered and disposed of them, when he returned via Mobile and New Orleans and the Mississippi to Mis- souri, where he made returns to Captain Owens's family, who were neighbors of his father. Here he found Mr. Young, with whom he first went to Santa Fe in 1822, and with whom he had trapped on the Pecos and the Kio Grande of the West, etc. After a very short stop at home, he engaged with him the same season (1826) to go again to Santa Fe. On arriving there Young was taken ill, and he hired Mr. Wolfskill to go with a party (Sublette and "Peg-Leg Smith" being of the number) that he (Young) had fitted out, to trap the waters of the Kio Gila of the far West. This expedition was unsuccessful. The party being only eleven men strong, was at- tacked by Indians and driven back to Taos. Soon after its return. Young started out with about thirty men for the saine place, where he chastised the Indians, and his party was enabled to trap unmolested. During this winter (1826-'27), in company with William and Robert Carson, Talbot and others, Mr. AYolfskill made a trip to Sonora, Mexico, to buy stock to take back to Missouri. He went as far as Arispe, Oposura and other towns in the northern part of that State, where he and Talbot gathered about 200 animals and started back with them by way of Taos, but they lost all but twenty-seven of them by the Indians. With these they finally arrived at Independence a little before Christmas. Most of this winter he spent at home, only making a short visit to Kentucky, on business for his father. The ne.xt spring (1828) Mr. Wolfskill left home finally, never after returning thither. He bought a team and started with goods, on his own account, for Santa Fe. There were about 100 wagons (in two companies) that went out at the same time. He sold his goods to his old friend, Young, who had returned from his Gila expedition. Some time after. Young, with whom he had formed a co-partnership, made another trip to the Gila, whilst Mr. Wolfskill went to Paso del Norte after a lot of wines, brandy, 2wnoche, etc., which he brought to Taos in the spring of 1829. He remained at Taos the bal- ance of the year, awaiting the return of Young, who it seems had in the meantime come on into California. In 1830, as soon as the trading companies from tlie States got in, which was not till July, he got ready himself for an expedition to Cali- fornia to hunt beaver, expecting to find Young somewhere in the country. Of the company, consisting of about twenty men, that started with Mr. Wolfskill, only himself and Branch, Burton, Yount, Shields, Ham and Cooper re- mained west of the Ilocky Mountains. Proba- bly not one of this company is now (1889) living. Yount settled in Napa, Branch in San Luis Obispo County, Louis 'Burton in Santa Barbara, and Mr. Wolfskill in Los Angeles. Nearly all these became large land-owners, married Spanish or Mexican wives, and raised families of children. Their descendants, of the same names or of other names acquired by in- termarriage, already, within sixty years, con- stitute a- great multitude. The expedition which left Taos in September, 1830, with Mr. Wolfskill at its head, arrived in Los Angeles in February, 1831. It came by way of the Colorado, which it crossed at the head of the Great Can on and the Cajon Pass. Here the party broke up, being mostly with- out means. Very few of its members had any intention of stopping permanently in California. Mr. Wolfskill, with several others, built a schooner at San Pedro, which they named the Refugio, with which to hunt otter among the islands off the coast. This was one of the first vessels built in California. They only made one trip with her down the coast as far as Cedras Islands; aTul they after- UI STORY OF LOS ANGELES VOUNTT. ward sold her to a Captain Ilinklej, who took her to tlie Sandwich Islands. Mr. AVolfskill then directed his attention to vineyarding and to the cultivation of citrus and deciduous fruits, which, together with stock- raising,- he followed till his death, with great success. He bought and moved on to his home- stead, now occupied by his son, J. W. Wolfskill, in March, 1838, with his brother John, now of Yolo County, who had come to California the preceding year. lie married Dona Magdalena, daughter of Don Jose Ygnacio and Dona Ra- fiBla Romero Lugo, of Santa Barbara, in January, 1841, by whom ho had six children, only three of whouj are now living, namely: Joseph W. Wolfskill, Mrs. C. J. Shepherd and Mrs. Frank Sabichi. His eldest daughter, Juana, who mar- ried H. D. Barrows, died in 1863; Luis, his youngest son, who married a daughter of Henry Dalton, of Azuza Rancho, died in March, 1884; and the youngest died in childhood in 1855. Mrs. Wolfskill died in 1862, at the age of fifty- eight years. From 1841, Mr. Wolfskill devoted himself mostly to improving and enlarging his vineyard and orchards, in the culture of which lie took great pride to the last. He planted a small orange orchard that year (1841), and as it came to bearing in after years he found what the San Gabriel Mission fathers and a few other parties had learned by experi- menting in a small way, that citrus culture was not only possiltle in Southern California, but that it could be made very profitable; so when Dr. Halsey raised a large orange and lime nurs- ery, the seed of which he planted in 1854, on the Rowland place (since known as the Bliss tract), Mr. Wolfskill bought it for $4,000, and planted out in 1858 the then largest orange or- chard in the United States. The liine trees, several thousand in number, he threw away, as they are easily frost-bitten when young, and he considered them of no value for that reason. This orange orchard, as added to and im- proved by his son, has jjroduced as high as 25,000 boxes, or soniothing over 5,000,000 oranges and lemons in a single year. But the rapid growth of the city, and the ravages of the terrible " white scale" insect, have caused it to give way, and it has already become a thing of the past. The magnificent continental passenger depot of the Southern Pacific Rail- way Company now occupies a portion of the estate. Mr. Wolfskill went north in 1841 to look for a ranch on the then vacant public domain. He selected lands lying on both sides of Puta Creek, (now in Yolo and Solano counties), and the next year obtained a grant in his own name from Governor Alvarado, of four square leagues. His brother John took up stock to putoa the ranch in 1842, and he still lives on the grant, having received one-half of the same from his brother William. There were three other brothers, two of whom are still living — Mathus, in Suisum, and Milton, in Los Angeles. Mr. Wolfskill in after years sold off his stock and eventually his interest in the ranch, and bought land in Los Angeles County. He bought and stocked the rancho " Lomas de Santiago," which he after- ward sold to Flint, Bixby & Co. He purchased the Santa Anita Rancho of Corbitt & Dibblee for $20,000, and bequeathed it to his youngest son, Luis, who lived on it some yeara after his father's death, when he sold it for $85,000. "Lucky" Baldwin, the present owner, paid $200,000 for it. Mr. Wolfskill acquired title to a portion of the San Francisquito Rancho, on which Newhall is located. He sold his interest to the Philadelphia Oil Company for six bits (75 cents) an acre. Mr. Wolfskill was an earnest friend of educa- tion. Besides aiding the public schools in early times when short of funds, he maintained a pri- vate school in his own family for many years. One of the first teachers he employed was Rev. J. W. Douglas, the founder of The Pacific newspaper. Besides his own children, to whom he gave a thorough English and Spanish as well as musical education, his brother Mathus's two sons, J. E. Pleasants, Lemuel Carpenter's cliildren, William and Robert Rowland and lUSTOUY OF LO.S ANQELES COUNTY. others received much, if not most, of their edu cation at Mr. Wolfskill's private schooh Before fruit was raised to any great extent in the central and northern part of the State, and even down to the '60s, Mr. Wolfskill and other vineyardists liere used to ship to San Francisco large quantities of fruit. Sometimes he shipped as many as 500 boxes of grapes on a single steamer. For a number of years after Kohler & Frohling started in the wine business, they bought the grapes of Mr. Wolfskill's vineyard. In 1855 Mr. Wolfskill- had brought from the Mediterranean, by Mr. Teschemaker, formerly mayor of San Francisco, sweet almonds, from which he planted out and successfully raised quite an extensive almond orchard. But though the soft-shelled almond of commerce grows here well, and the tree produces nuts that are not excelled in flavor anywhere, yet for some cause it does not [)roduce enough to make its culture profitable. In after years, his son Luis engaged extensively in raising the Languedoc variety, but witli similar discouraging results. Mr. AVolfskill died after a long and painful illness, on the 3d of October, 1866, at the age of sixty-eight years. During his long and useful life, he saw much of the world, and picked up not a little of hard, sound sense. He gathered an extensive and valuable library, he was a great reader, and being possessed of a wonderfully retentive mem- ory, he gained a store of information on most subjects of practical human interest, that would not liave shamed those who liave had a more liberal education, and who may have passed their lives with books instead of on the frontier. Mr. "Wolfskill was essentially a jjioneer and a man of great force of character. It is interesting in looking back, to observe tlie inevitable tendency westward of the early American frontiersmen— ever westward, till stopped by the barrier of the Pacific; and then, when they could go west no farther, they had no resourcebuttogonorth, up thecoast,or off south, unless they returned witli the refluent wave, as some few did; or else, as happened with stil fewer, become fixtures here and give over " pioneering." Where else now can ther estless " backwoodsman " go? Tliere is a little show yet in Oregon and Washington, and so on north- ward to Alaska, or perhaps in Mexico; but none of these present that charm of a boundless pros- pect ahead such as the Kentucky hunter-settler of three quarters of a century ago saw with half a continent before him yet unexplored and unobstructed ;.th races of men save the savage. Mr. Wolfskill was a man devoid of mere pro- fessions; what he was, he was without any pre- tenses whatever. Industry and economy, honesty and the most transparent truthfulness and sin- cerity, with him were among the prime virtues in the conduct of life. In religion he believed in the teachings of the Bible, and at the last he received the consolations of the Roman Catholic church. But in all things he loved simplicity. He was one of tliat large number of whom there are some in all churches, and more in the great church of outsiders, who believe that a loyal heart and a good life are the best possible prepa- ration for death. Mr. Wolfskill had one quality that was as rare as it was admirable, which seemed to have become second nature to him, viz., a disposition to construe charitably the motives of everybody, friends and foes alike. When others' acts or words were criticized, he would always seek to suggest a charitable motive for their conduct, that they may have had this or that good motive for acting as they had. Apparently he had originally adopted this rule of universal charity from principle, and finally practiced it from the spontaneous promptings of a naturally kind heart. He believed there was no room for malice in this world. He was one of the most sociable of men, and in liis intercourse with others he was direct, and sometimes blunt and brusque; but, in the lan- guage of Lamartinc, " bluntness is the etiquette of sincere hearts." In reality he had one of the kindliest of natures. Finally, in honesty and most of the sterling qualities that are accounted insToin' OF i.os angeles county the base of true inauliood, lie had few supe- riors. Andrew A. Boyle, after whom the important suburb of Los Angeles, east of the river, known as Boyle Heights, is named, was a native of County Gahvaj', Ireland, where he was born in 1818. He came to New York when fourteen years of age, where he worked a couple of years at coloring lithograph maps. The family of brothers and sisters went with a colony to Texas and settled at San Patricio, on the Nueces Kiver. On the breaking out of the Revolution he enlisted, January 7, lS3l), in Westover's Artil- lery of the Texan army, and his command was ordered to Goliad, where it was incorporated with the forces of Colonel Fanning. After various engagements with greatly superior forces, the Texans were captured, and JMr. Boyle, who had been wounded, expected to be shot, as all of his comrades were, to tlie number of over 400 men, notwithstanding the fact that by the terms of their capitulation they were guaranteed their lives. Mr. Boyle, who \inder- stood Spanish, learned that this was to be their fate; but before their execution an officer asked in English if there was any one among their number named Boyle, to which he answered at once that that was his name. He was immedi- atelj- taken to the officers' hospital to have his wound attended to, where he was kindly treated by the officers. Mr. Brooks, Aid to Colonel Fanning, who was there at the time with his thigh badly shattered, knew nothing of what had happened, and upon being informed he re- marked, '• I suppose it will be our turn next !" In less than live minutes fonr Mexicans carried him out, cot and all, placed him in the street not fifteen feet from the door, in a position in which Mr. Boyle could not help seeing him, and there shot him. His body was instantly rifled of a gold watch, stripped and thrown into a pit at the side of the street. A few hours after the murder of Mr. Brooks the officer, who bad previously- inquired for Mr. Boyle, came into the hospital and, addres^;ing him in Eng- lish said, "Make your mind easy, sir; your life is spared." Mr. Boyle responded, " May I in(piire the name of the person to whom I am iiulebted for my life?" "Certainly; my name is General Francisco Garay, second in command of General Urrea's division." It seems that when General Garay's forces had occupied San Patricio, that officer had been quartered at the house of the Boyle family, and he had been hospitably entertained, and Mr. Boyle's brother and sister had refused all remuneration from him, only asking that if their brother should ever fall into his hands he would treat him kindly. Afterward, by order of General Garay, Mr. Boyle obtained a passport and went to San Patricio, where he remained. After the battle of San Jacinto and the capt- ' ure of General Santa Ana, and the retreat of the Mexican forces. General Garay, in passing through San Patricio, called to see Mr. Boyle, who, at the General's request, accompanied the latter to Matamoras. The General also invited Mr.. Boyle to accompany him to the City of Mexico; but as he was anxious to see his rela- tives in the United States he was compelled to decline; and so he set out on foot for Brazos Santiago, at which point he took passage on a brig for Xew Orleans, wliere he soon after arrived. Being out of money and in rags, he engaged at $2.50 a day in painting St. Mary's Market, although he had never painted except in water colors. After working long enough to buy some clothes, he availed himself of tiie Texan Consul's offer of a free passage on a schooner to tlie mouth of the Brazos River, where Gen- eral Burnett, the first President of the Republic of Texas, gave him a letter to General Rusk, at that time in command of the army on the river Guadalupe. Mr. Boyle walked to General Rusk's camp, a distance of 150 miles, in five days, although in daily expectation of an advance by the Mexicans. General Rusk dis- charged Mr. Boyle from further service in the army on account of his impaired health. After recovering from a severe sickness at Victoria, II I STORY OF J/JS ANQEI.KH COUNTY. where General Husk's headquarters were, he went to Columbia, the seat of Government of Texas, and o^)tained a passport for New Orleans. The foregoing facts are condensed from " Reminiscences of the Texas Revolution," dictated by Mr. T>ojle before his death, dated December 15, 1870, and published' in Xho^JMily Nev)S of this city, in June and July, 1871, after Mr. Boyle's death. After his return to New Orleans and the reestablishment of his liealth, he engaged in merchandising on the Red River till about the year 1842. In 1846 he married Elizabeth Cristie. The only surviving issue of this mar- riage is one daughter, now the wife of Mayor William II. Workman, of this city. Mr. Boyle, after his return from Red River, went to Mexico, where he engaged in business some time with success. In 1848 he set out for the United States with about $20,000 in Mexican dollars, which he had packed in a claret box. At the mouth of the Rio Grande, in attempting to board a steamer in a small skiff with his treas- iire, the motion of the paddle-wheels of the steamer caused his skift'to capsize and his money went to the bottom and he came near losing his life. He tried afterward to recover his money but without success, and thus he lost all of his $20,000 ! lie finally returned to his home in New Orleans, to lind that his wife, who was in deli- cate health, had died two weeks before (October 20, 1849). from a fever caused by hearing that he had been lost at the mouth of the Rio Grande. From then on all his interest in life centered in his infant daughter, then a year and a half old. An aunt of hers helped to take care of her and bring her up; and she has lived with lier foster-child till the present time. About a year after the family started for San Francisco, by steamer and the Isthmus, arriving in the early part of 1851. Here Mr. Boyle engaged in the boot and shoe business, but lie was burned out by both the fires that occurred that year. In comi)any witii Benjamin Ilobart he then went into the wholesale boot and shoe business, and they built up a very large trade. In 1858 he sold out his interest and came to Los Angeles. Here he bought a vineyard (planted in 1835) on the east side of the river, under the bluff. He made his home on the edge of the bluff, where in after years, 1862 or 1863, when he commenced making wine, he dtig a cellar in which to store it. At first, or before 1862, he shipped his grapes to San Francisco, as did many other vineyardists at that period, grapes then bringing high prices in that market. Mr. Boyle was of a very genial, social natures, and all who visited his hospitable home were cordially received and entertained. The writer of these lines has only pleasant memories of his visits to the Boyle mansion during the life-time of its former owner — as so many others since have of their visits to the .present hospitable owners. Mr. Boyle was a member of the city council several years during the '60's. It is an interest- ing fact that when the city granted the franchise to the City Water Company in 1868 for thirty years, Mr. Boyle and Mr. Caswell, the latter now an employee of the Water Company, were the only members who voted against the grant, solely, however, because they thought the in- terests of the city were insufficiently protected. General Phineas Banning. Conspicuous among the noted men whose public spirit and untiring energy have given a name and fame to Southern California world-wide stands Genei-al Phineas Banning. Leaving the parental roof and starting out to carve for himself a fortune and a name when just entering upon his teens, he was emphatically a self-made man. He was born in Oak Hill, New Castle County, Dela- ware, September 19, 1831. Descended from early colonial settlers who figured prominently in the Revolutionary struggle which gave birth to the world's greatest Republic, he was a noble son of wortiiy sires. He was the ninth of a family of eleven children of John A. and Eliza- beth (Lowber) Banning. Phineas Banning, the parent stem of the Banning family, was an Englishman, who, on insTOJir OF LOS angkles county. immigrating to America, settled in what is now Kent County, Delaware. Ot'his four sons Jolin, the grandfather of the subject of this memoir, was a merchant in the town of Dover, and was distinguished for his patriotism and his finan- ciering ability. Being a member of the " Coun- cil of Safety '' during the Revolutionary war, he contributed liberally, in both money and services, to organizing and establishing the State Government of Delaware; and, as a mem- ber of the first Electoral College, was one of three from that State to cast the electoral vote which made General George Washington the first President of the United States. His son, John A. Banning, the fatherof General Phineas Banning, was graduated from Princeton College with high honors and enjoyed a local distinction for his scholarly attainments. The Lowber family descended from Mathew Lowber, who came from Amsterdam in the seventeenth cen- tury and settled on the western shore of Mary- land. Peter Lowber, his eldest son, settled in one of the three counties now composing the State of Delaware. Michael Lowber, Peter's eldest son, married Miss Mary Cole, of an Eng- lish family. William, the second son of this marriage, wedded Alice Ponder, and their second child was Elizabeth Lowber, the mother of Gen- eral Banning. She was a woman of great strength of character which she imparted, both by transmission and early training, to her chil- dren, infusing into their plastic minds energy and self-reliance. She was noted for her hospi- tality and kindness to the poor. The first twelve years of Phineas Banning's life were passed on his father's farm, with meager school advantages, but with intellectual home sur- roundings, among which was association with his aunt, the wife of Hon. Henry M. Eidgely, of Dover, a member of both branches of Uni ■ ted States Congress. Mrs. Ridgcly was noted in Washington for her beauty and intel- lectuality. The plodding life on the farm among the Brandywine Hills was too slow for the vivacious youth of twelve years; and, with 50 cents in his pocket as his entire cash capi- tal, he went to Philadelphia to tend office and write in his brother AYilliaurs law office. This soon became too monotonous for his restless nature, and he engaged in the more active pur- suit of merchandising, in the employ of a large wholesale fancy-goods house ou Market street, where he remained until he had passed his twenty-first birthday. Impelled by the chafings of his ambition and adventurous spirit to seek the e.\citement and romance of frontier life in the new Golden State, young Banning left the Quaker City in ISol for California, via the Isthmus of Panama. Luui- ing first at San Diego and finding no special inducements to locate at that point, he came to Los Angeles; and soon after, in November, 1852, he, in company with Don George Alex- ander, engaged in freighting, staging and light- erage business at San Pedro, and between that place and Los Angeles and other points. From that time forward Mr. Banning's career was an eventful one, and prominently inter- woven with the history of Los Angeles County. He founded and gave the name to Wilmington, christening it in memory of the city of that name in his native State. He was the chief projector and builder of the Los Angeles & Wilmington Railroad, and had sole management of it for n number of years, until it was sold to the Southern Pacific Company. During the construction of that company's line eastward General Banning was tii-eJess in his efi'orts whicii proved very efficient in aiding the success of that great enterprise. In the freighting and transportation business General Banning had occasion to make frequent visits to Fort Tejon; and, as an illustration of his indomitable energy and endurance, it is related upon unquestiona- ble authority that lie often made the trip of 120 miles to the Fort in one day and the return trip the next. Being a man of broad and patriotic mind, whatever he planned and so grandly exe- cuted was on a comprehensive scale; and in its projection and execution the thought of the public weal was paramount to his own private interests. Realizino- the incalculable advantages UISTOllY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. \-V.) of a good hiirlior on this portion of the coast, he made two trips to Wasliiiigton, at his own expense, both of wliicii were successful, to ])ro- cure appropriations hy Congress for tlie im- provement of San Pedro Harbor; and to his efforts is largely due the constructii)n of the breakwater and dredging of the bar whicii niakei that now txeellcnt hai'bor so important to the growing commercial interests of Los Angeles. In early days, when law had no ter- rors for evildoers, and the Vigilants and Ran- gers were about the only protection to life and property, General Banning was a firm friend to the Rangers, and aided and encouraged them in their work of ridding the country of thieves and outlaws. General Banning's military title was earned in the command of the First Brigade of the California State Militia, of which he was appointed Brigadier-General. Besides attend- ing to his other large business interests, he bought and improved a tract of 600 acres at Wilmington, cultivating it to fruits and grains. On this property he made the largest well in the country, to which powerful steam pumps were attached, and lifted water into several res- ervoirs, thus furnishing the water supplj' for the towns of Wilmington and San Pedro, for vessels in the harbor, and for irrigating and domestic purposes. His farming operations were carried on accordingly, the most a]>proved methods being used and successful results fol- lowing. The elegant house he built, where he and his family resided, was ever celebrated for tlie generosity and hospitality of its inmates. In his gigantic busitiess enterprises General Banning made large sums of money, and, but for his public-spirited liberality and generosity, might have been a millionaire. But owing to these dominant traits in his character others reaped more of the benefits of his achievements than he. Being inspired by a patriotic zeal, every commendable enterprise received his liearty support, and his philanthropic heart al- lowed no worthy object of charity ever to appeal to him in vain. In politics he was a staunch Republican. 1 Prior to the civil war he" was a strong Aboli- tionist. General Banning was twice married. His first wife was Rebecca San ford, the mother of eight children, three sons — William, Joseph B. and Hancock Banning, now living, the latter being nan)ed for General Winfield S. Hancock, who was a very warm personal friend of Gen- eral Banning. Soini time after the death of Mrs. Banning the General wedded Mary Hol- lister, on February 14, 1870, a native of Licking County, Ohio, daughter of J. H. Hollister, late of San Luis Obispo County, this State, a prom- inent and wealthy citizen of that county. Three daughters were born of General Banning's sec- ond marriage, one of whom died in early in- fancy. The living are Mary Hollister Banning and Lucy Tichnor Banning, seventeen and twelve years of age respectively. After an illness of several months, General Banning passed away in San Francisco, on the 8th of March, 1885, with his devoted wife and loving daughters by his bedside. Thus went out the life of one of California's greatest and most public- spirited citizens and business men, and a most unselfish and loving husband and father. General Banning was a splendid speci- men of physical manhood, a hirge, well-formed body, surmonnted by a large, well-poised brain. Original in his conceptions and methods, dauntless in courage and persistent in purpose, he was a born leader of men. He left a fine estate to his family, which was the accumula- tion of the hiter years of his life. Mrs. Ban- ning and her daughters reside in their attractive home on Fort Hill; the location is one of the most beautiful and commanding in Los Angeles, overlooking as it does a magnificent picturesque landscape, comprising many square miles of city valley and plain. A stock company was formed by General Banning to succeed to his business. His sons now own a large majority of the stock. The ofiicers of the company are: William Banning, President; Joseph B. Banning, Vice-President; Hancock Iknning, Treasurer. IIISTOHY OF LOS ANGELES VOUNTY. Louis Vignes, the pioneer of pioneers of the now numerous French colony of Los Angeles, •was born in Bordeaux, France, about 1775. When still a young man he went to the Sand- wich Islands, in the employ of a mercantile Urm, which, meeting with reverses, compelled him to take as compensation for his sers'ices whatever he could get, which consisted of a lot of toy saints, amulets, church ornaments, etc., tliought to be of little commercial value, but which he bi'ought with him to California, where, fortunately, he found a good market for them. Soon after his arrival in Los Angeles, some time early in tlie '30s, he jjlanted the e.x- tensive vineyard long known as the " Aliso Vineyard,"' which took its nauie from the im- mense Aliso (sycamore) tree, still standing close to the Philadelphia Brewery, where it has stood as a patriarch and a landmark for more than 100 years, and no one living knows how much longer. Beneath its great branches he built his wine cellars, around which, and his residence and orangries, he erected a high adobe wall, which made his place a sort of castle, within which he could shut up himself, his treasures and his dependents from the outside world whenever there were political or other dis- turbances, or when the Lidians, which in the early times were very numerous here, were troublesome. During the commotions and ex- citements that took place pending the change from Mexican to American rule, numerous families took refuge within tlie walls of the castle of " Don Louis del Aliso,'' and they were liospitably treated by him. After Don Louis' death, which occurred Janu- ary 17, 1862, his vineyard was divided up, streets were laid out, and eventually the vines were dug up, and the site is now occupied by many dwellings, business houses, etc., and there is very little left to show there was once a large vineyard there. The venerable patronymic tree, however, still stands, a landmark in the midst of change in grim grandeur, and is , ap|)arently good for another hundred or five hundred years. Don Louis was, in many respects, a notable character in his day. He was shrewd and thrifty, and, as his vineyard was very produc- tive, its vintages were held in good repute, lie became forehanded. Timber was not to be had here in those days, only as it was sawed out by hand in the mountains, and hauled here with great labor. In 1841 he built a sawmill near San Bernardino, and put his nephew, Pedro Sainsevain, then a young man, who had come out from France a year or two before, in charge. In 1855 he sold his vineyard to his two nephews, Pedro and Jean Louis Sainsevain, who carried it on, together with an extensive wine business, till about 1867. Pedro still lives in San Jose, but his brother, genial Don Louis Sainsevain, long well and favorably known by the old- timers, died in this city during the present year (1889). A son of Don Louis, Michel, also well known, died a few years ago, leaving a widow and several children; and another son, Paul, lives in San Diego. Vital Fernando and Juan Maria Vignes are also nephews of old Don Louis Vignes. Matthew Kellek was born in Queenstown, Ireland, about the year 1811. lie came to America when young, and lived some time in Mexico. From some papers in the possession of his nephew, Thomas Leahy, of this city, it appears that lie was naturalized as a citizen of the United States at New Orleans, in 1849; and he must have come to California soon after, for he wrote to his nephew in 1850, for him to come to him in Los Angeles. Though Mr. Keller — who was well and generally known liere by the native Califor- nians and by the old settlers as "Don Mateo" — spent some time in the mines, he became one of Los Angeles' most prominent and public- spirited citizens. He early engaged in vine- yarding and witie-making, and at one time he had, besides his store in Los Angeles, a large wine house in San Francisco, and also in New York and Philadelphia; and at the time of his death, which occurred April 11, 1881, from heart disease, he owned considerable vineyard ///■? e^ 4% .0^P.fl; uisTonr OK ws ano ei.es county property, besides his Malibou Riinciio, etc. He was a iTiiui of tireless energy, even np to the end of his Um'^ life< lie was a luaniifacturer of wine and i>;r;ipe brandy on a large scale for many years. Jiiit as he telt age creeping on, and that his large interests here needed his per- sonal attention, he sold out his Eastern bnsi- ness and returned from New York, wliere he had been compelled to remain part of the time, to Los Angeles in 1879, in order that he might give his undivided attention to his business here. And yet, notwithstanding he had arrived at that period in life when the natural forces begin to fail, he soon commenced planting out other vineyards on a large scale. Mr. Keller was a good French and Spanish scholar, and his familiarity with the French language enabled him to draw much valuable information from French sources, relating to the vine, its diseases, its culture, etc., and also in regard to wine and its treatment, which he imparted to the public through the local press and other periodicals. Mr. Keller left four children — one boy and three girls; one of the latter has since died in a convent. The son, who was educated in France, now lives on the Malibou Rancho. James Wesley Potts, Esq., is a native of Tennessee, and was born in Rutherford County, December 20, 1S30. His parents were of Scotch, English and Irish ancestry. His grand- parents on both sides were born m America. His Grandfather Jones (on his mother's side) ■was a soldier under George "Washington, and he died at about 103 years of age, in Nash-ville. His Great-grandfather Jones was a Scotchman, and was a relative of the celebrated Paul Jones, of Revolutionary fame, and was in the battle known as Braddock's defeat. His Great-grand- mother Jones, who came to America with the early settlers and settled in Virginia, was a native of Ireland. His Great-grandfather Potts was an Englishman. His Grandmother Potts was a Greene, and a relative of General Greene, the hero of Eutaw Springs. His mother's brothers were soldiers in the war of 1812, and two of his brothers were in the late civil war. His father, John Greene Potts, died when James was only four years old, and his mother, nee Cynthia Jones, when he was thirteen. Being thus early in life deprived of parental care, young Potis was left to provide for himself. He made his home in Ilayward County for four years with a friend, doing farm work, and attend- ing school three months during that time. In 1852 he came overland to California, driving an ox team over the plains from George- town, Texas, walking the whole way, and ar- riving at Los Angeles in September. This place was then merely an adobe village of some 4,000 inhabitants, who were mostly Mexicans and Spaniards. He was first eniployed there on the streets, hauling dirt in a hand-cart. The hand-cart at that day was the only vehicle used for conveying dirt on the streets. After having earned §5 at that work, he engaged in selling fruits, first fr.)m a basket, and afterward he established a fruit stand, his sales increasing so that he cleared from $20 to §40 per day. He then went to the mines, but soon returned to Los Angeles and engaged in raising vegetables, and raised the first sweet potatoes in Los An- geles. He then entered the mercantile business, and at the opening of the civil war was worth $6,000, which, as a result of his outspoken Union sentiments, he soon lost. He, however, recovered, and from 1861 to 1865 he did an ex- tensive mercantile business, and by investing and dealing in real estate until 1878 he was estimated to be worth $150,000; but in that year, meeting with reverses and being loaded down with unproductive real estate, he not only lost what he had accumulated, but was heavily in debt. He has, however, paid every dollar of his indebtedness, although a great amount of it was outlawed. Mr. Potts was originally a Whig and then a Republican, but is now a staunch Prohibitionist. He has served as a member of the Los Angeles City Council, and as such was foremost in push- ing city water improvements. He led the move- ment for constructing the east and west side HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ditclies and reservoirs and also the sewor from First street to the Briswater estate near the city limits, both of wliicii have ])roven of incal- culable value to Los Angeles City. It may lie said, that scarcely a question uf local public moment has ever come up but that J. W. Potts has figured in the solution more or less promi- nently. His advice upon various knotty ques- tions involved in the new city charter of Los Angeles was sought, received and acted upon. He has always been a firm believer in and strong advocate of the future of Soutliern Cali- fornia and the city of Los Angeles, and as early as 1876, in a letter to the Los Angeles Herald^ he stated that the Los Angeles Valley was capable of supporting 1,000,000 of people, al- though at that time it was generally regarded as being good for stock ranges only. Mr. Potts has been the prime mover in early tnoial and religious movements. He was one of the oi'ganizers of the first Sabbath- school in Los Angeles City. He secured the subscriptions for the Fort Street brick church, purchased the lot 120x165 feet, donated $150 and gave his personal obligation for $1,000 toward paying the indebteduess on the property. Sr.ch benefactions in early times wei'o not made without effort and sacrifice, and are truly worthy of note. His gifts of charity are numerous, and the worthy poor are never turned unrecog- nized from his door. The following tribute to J. W. Potts's sterling qualities lecently appeared in one of the leading journals of Los Angeles, when his name was bolore the people as a can- didate for city councilor. It was written by a citizen who has known him for many years: ■ J. W. Potts is a son of a nonslaveholding pio- neer family that settled early in the eighteenth century in Tennessee and took part in the war for independence in 1776. At a very tender age he kissed his mother good-bye and walked away from the cabin door in search of work to pro- vide bread for that widowed mother and her younger children. "While that mother lived and those children were helpless, he staid by his task at 124 cents a day, that they might neither bet( nor want. While thu!- mp )loved he went tli dy clad and denied himself every pleasure so lie might learn to read and write without going to school. AVhile yet almost a child his word of promise was as good as any bond. He was never seen at a gambling table, never staked a cent on any game of chance, never drank or treated at a bar. He has been thirty-lour years in California. I have known him ever since 1854-, and I think I thoroughly know J. W. Potts to be absolutely truthful and reliable. As a young man he voted tiie Republican ticket in this State when Republicans were sub- ject to insult, to boycott in business, and even to personal danger, because they dared to be true to their convictions. lie stood in for the Union, was the friend of the flag of tiie soldier when treason was bold and in power, when the "Pear" flag and the "Pacific Republic" were the hope of many. He is, at least, one of the men to whom the Republican jiarty is indel)ted for its history and its fame, and is as deserving of i^lace and of lionor as any man in its raidill No. 275, " An Act amenda- tory to an Act entitleil an Act authorizing the Board of Supervisors of Los Angeles County," etc., and Senate Bill No. 376, authorizing the city to proceed in the same manner, the object of which was to amend the former act so that the money should be paid the company only on the completion of each mile. No objection was made in the Legislature against the bills, and they both passed. The railroad campaign of 1S68 was only a small sample of the greater one which followed in 1872, and, strange to say, some of the very ones who were not only convinced of the bene- fits of the short road of twenty-three miles in length from Los Angeles to Wilmington, but received material blessings from it, were later among the most active opponents to the build- ing of a larger and transcontinental road. On April 4, 1870, the State Legislature passed an act authorizing the different counties of the State, through their respective boards of supervisors. to aid in the construction of rail- roads in the counties which might elect to do so. The act authorized the donation of five per cent, of the total assessment for railroad build- ing. So strong did this sentiment prevail that it turned practically into anti-railroad, and in some instances establishing opposing methods of transportation, as .in sailing vessels from San Francisco to Santa Monica. The following year to the passage of the five per cent, subsidy act, the anti-monopoly howl waxed so loud that no politician in either party dared keep silent in its behalf if he wanted office. The Republican and Democratic parties vied with each other in strong anti-monopoly "planks," and the Legislature of 1871-'72 was supposed to be "solid" on that question. Measures at once came up for the repeal of the act of 1870. Here was a quandary for those who had the interests of Southern California at heart in general and Los Angeles County in ])articu- lar. There was the pioneer, B. D. Wilson, in the Senate, Asa Ellis and Thomas D. Mott in the Assembly, all from Los Angeles County. The Sontliern Pacific, which had incorpo- rated that year, was laying its ties and spiking its rails up the San Joacjuin Yalley, aiul it was UIHTORY OF LOli ANGELES COUNTY. a question wlietlier it would come directly to Los Angeles on its march overland. Its line through the Tehacliepi Pass was well known, but Irotii this point t,wo diverging lines had been surveyed. One was south to the Soledad Pass and over heavy grades, and through costly tun- nels to Los Angeles, tlien an adobe town, whose people might want them to pay all the great expense of building and equipping their road to this point, and afterward share in the benefits. There was the other route from Tehachepi over an almost level plain straight to the Needles, along the thirty-tifth parallel. The Los Angeles delegation in the State Leg- islature were fully aware of the snares which were l)eing unconsciously laid for their section, and which, if successful, would delay the advance- ment of this section for many years. There was great danger of this, as the Even- ing Eaejyress of May 24, 1872, said: " ]?ut the question of its passage directly through this city or leaving us a few miles to one side as appears to be the fate of Yisalia, depends wholly upon ourselves. Railway companies are soul- less corporations. They are invariably selfisli and love money. * * * Because they are rich they have no more right to build to us than has (iovernor Downey tu build our school- houses." The two important questions before the dele- gation were, to have Los Angeles County exempt from the repeal of the subsidy law, and after- ward as private citizens, with the best interests of their country at heart, to secure the benefits of such exemption. Subsequent events fully proved, as will be shown, that had the delega- tion been less friendly to the railroad, Los An- geles would not have had one possibly by this time. January 26; 1872, the repeal of the subsidy law passed the Assembly by a majority of two. The repeal, however, did not affect the counties of San Francisco, Santa Cruz, San Diego, Santa •ilarbara, Sau Luis Obispo, San Bernardino, Marin and Los Angeles, in which counties the act of April 4, 1870, was to remain in full force and effect, provided tliat the question of grant- ing aid should be submitted to the qualified electors of each county at a general election. This important point being gained, opened the way for securing the railroad. The following letter is taken fmm Major Pen C. Truman's monthly magazine, the Dal Monte Wave, for June, 1886: Los Angelks, May 5, 1872. Hon. Lelanu Stanfokd — Dkak Sik: Our personal relations are of such a character that we have deemed it jiroper to advise you in ad- vance of movements, whicli, if carefully attended to, may redound not only to your benefit, but may be also of material service to our country. It is needless to add that as far as we are con- cerned, regardless of what others may say, we consider you entitled to all the aid that our sec- tion may be able to command as a proper tribute to the great efforts you have displayed in fur- therance of the prosperity and material progress of the Pacific Coast. We expect to call a meeting of the tax-paying citizens of the county in a few days, for the pur- pose of selecting from among them an execu- tive committee, giving the said committee full power to meet the representatives of 'Any railroad company that may visit our place, for the pur- pose of agreeing upon some plan whereby we may have a railroad running through our county, or at least to our city. We apprise you of the movements soon to take place here, that you may, if you deem it proper, take steps so as to act in harmony with our citizens, and in that manner subserve the public benefit to be derived from our mutual understanding. With the greatest assurance of your personal regard, and our co-operation in any move wliich may promote the best interests of the county, and your own, and hoping you may find it con- venient to pay us a visit soon, we remain yours sincerely, T. D. Mott. B. D. Wilson. They received a reply to this letter, stating that he could not leave home, but would send an agent, which he did in the person of Mr. Hyde. As a result of their efforts a meeting of citizens was called by them to take steps to se- cure the benefits accruing under the exemptions of the repeal act. The Los Angeles Nevs of UltSTOUY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. May 18, 1872, notices the next movement as follows: "To-day occurs the railroad meeting, called over the signatures of several citizens. The vague terms of the call have stimulated public curiosity regarding the ultimate olijects of the meeting." The meeting of citizens to discuss railroad matters was held in the court-house Saturday afternoon, May 18, 1872. Ex-Governor J. G. Downey called the meeting to order and briefly explained its purposes. H. K. S. O'Melveny was elected President, and Major Ben. C. Tru- man, Secretary. Among the speakers were Fhineas Banning, C. H. Larrabee, J. G. Downey, B. D. Wilson and E. J. C. Kewen. Resolutions were adopted to the effect that to the railroad company which offered the best guar- antee for constructing the main trunk of a trans-continental line through tiiis valley, they would subscribe stock by donating all interests held in railroad stock held by the county and an additional amount sufficient to make up five per cent, of the assessment roll, provided that the road should be constructed from San Fran- cisco through Los Angeles to the Colorado River within three years from date. A committee of thirty was appointed to seek information of any and all proposed railroads which might contemplate running from San Francisco Bay to the Mississippi River via the southern route, and to learn whether the main trunk would pass through Los Angeles, and if not what would cause it to do so. Following were the committee: Anaheim— W. R. Olden, John P. Zeyn. Azusa, — Henry Dalton. Ballona — -F. Machado, T. A. Sanchez. Compton — M. Bixby, G. D. Compton. El Monte— F. W. Gibson, Silas Bennett. Gallatin— E. N. Burke, N. D. Crawford. Los Angeles — H. K. S. O'Melveny, F. P. F. Temple, J. G. Downey, H. Newmark, S. B. Caswell, A. F. Coronel, J. M. Griffith. Los Nietos — D. Fulton, E. Sanford. Puente — John Keed. Santa Ana— A. L. Bush, (iabriel Allen. San Fernando — A. Pico. San Gabriel — L. J. Rose, George Stoneraan. San Jose — F. Paloinares, L. Pliillips. Wilmington — R. H. Downing, Joseph Dus- ton, D. W. Alexander. The committee of thirty met again in one week and appointed an executive committee of nine. Messrs. Wilson, Rose and Olden were ap- pointed a committee to go to San Francisco and secure satisfactory terms with the Southern Pacific, which they did, returning with E. W. Hyde, of Oakland, tlie special agent of the com- pany. Messrs. Newmark, Temple and O'Melveny were appointed a committee to confer with Mr. Hyde in drawing np an ordinance for the city and another for the county. Both ordinances were substantially the same, and were passed by the city council and the board of supervisors. The ordinance passed by the boai-d of super- visors was to the effect that the county being empowered to donate its bonds in aid of the construction of a railroad within its borders to an amount not to exceed five per cent, upon the total of the last assessment, which was $10,700,- 000 for the year 1872, —five per cent, of which is $535,000. From this amount the sum of $150,000 before issued in county bonds to the Los Angeles & San Pedro Railroad Company was deducted, leaving the net of $385,000 in bonds which the county could give. The South- ern Pacific Company, for this amount, agreed to build fifty miles of its main trunk line through the county and a branch line to Anaheim; and the county also agreed to sell to the Southern Pacific its stock in the Los Angeles & San Pedro Railroad. All of this, in accordance with law, was to be submitted to a vote of the people. Although this was during the memorable presidential campaign of Grant and Greeley, yet so absorbing was the railroad question in Los Angeles County that the local issue was par- amount in everybody's mind to the national one. A much stronger opposition was developed tlian in the railroad campaign of 1808. On Septem- ber 7 the supervisors passed an ordinance for HISTORY OF LOi ANOBLES COUNTY. the Los Angeles & San Diego Railroad Com- pany, aslving for a subsidy as large as that asked by the committee of thirty for the Southern Pacific. The San Diego Company claimed that their route was the most practical one to Ana- heim, and promised to build to an intersection with the Texas Pacific Railroad, then managed by the famous "Tom " Scott. This last ordinance was not passed without the protest of the Southern Pacific and the dis- senting opinion of Attorney General Love. The San Diego Company, which rallied to its support the people who opposed the voting of a subsidy to the Southern Pacific, depended upon the Los Nietos Precinct for a great part of its strength, owing to the fact that the Southern Pa- cific proposed to run its Anaheim branch from Compton, a rival town of CTallatin. Through the eftbrts of T. D. Mott, the Southern Pacific was induced to change their plans and run from Florence through Gallatin* to Anaheim, and thus secured the vote of that precinct. The campaign was one of the hottest ever held in Los Angeles County. The railroad question was the only one discussed by the people. In every precinct meetings were held and speeches were heard on either side. H. T. Hazard, G. W. Barter, R. M. Widney, J. G. Howard, A. Higbie and others were speakers in favor of the subsidy for the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, and were opposed by Yolney E. Howard, John Foster, A. J. King, J. G. Downey, Bean and others. Tlie eve of the election was celebrated in the city by a grand mass meeting, procession, bon- fires, etc. The election was held November 5, 1872. The vote of the city and county stood: For the Southern Pacific subsidy, 1,896 votes; against the same, 724. For the San Diego road, 99; against the same, 29; no railroad at all, 26! Tiie Southern Pacific Railroad had a clear majority over all of 1,018. The city donated sixty acres of land for depot purposes. Work was commenced at the initial point in the city, and continue 1 east to Spadra and north to San Fernando, to which points the first trains were run April 4, 1S74. "Work was commenced on the Anaheim branch in the win- ter of 1873-'74, and the first train ran into Anaheim, January 17, 1875. In July, 1875, a gang of 1,500 men commenced work on both ends of the San Fernando Tunnel, which was completed in September, 1876. It is 6,940 feet long, and cost originally $2,500,000. It is twenty-seven miles from the city. The gold spike connecting Los Angeles with San Francisco was driven September 8, 1877, in the Suledad Caiion. The mayors of San Francisco and Los Angeles were present, to- gether with the officials of the company, and a large number of spectators from both places. A banquet and ball at Los Angeles that evening closed the festivities. In 1875 Hon. John P. Jones built the Los Angeles & Independence Railroad from Santa Monica to Los Angeles City. The length is about eighteen miles, and the cost was about $375,000. It was subsequently transferred to the Southern Pacific. By virtue of a contract with the Southern Pacific, the Santa Fe system ran its trains into Los Angeles City from Colton, beginning No- vember 29, 1885, and continued so to do till its own track from San Bernardino was finished. This road was built in March and April, 1887, from San Bernardino west along the foot-hills to a junction with the Los Angeles & San Gabriel Valley Railroad at the San Gabriel River. Regular trains commenced running on this road on June 1 of that year. It is owned by the California Central, a local company, whose stock is held by the Santa Fe people. Branch roads of this system were built in 1888 to Ballona Harbor and Redondo Beach, and also to Orange, connecting with another branch running from San Bernardino to San Diego. In 1884 there was commenced the construc- tion of the Los Angeles & San Gabriel Valley Railroad by a corporation headed by Hon. J. F. Crank. Its completion to Pasadena was cele- nisTOur OF los ai^geles county. 139 brated hy an excursion September 17, 1885. In 1887 it was extended to the San Gabriel Kiver, and the same year was transferred to the Santa Fe system. In 1889 the Los Angeles & Pacific Railway ■was completed to Santa Monica. It was built from the northwest part of the city toward Cahuenga Pass, and thence along the Santa Monica Mountains to the town of that name. M. L. AVicks and R. C. Shaw were among its principal promoters. It is standard gauge. niSTOBY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. CHAPTER XIV. fVEN when that immortal utterance, "The pen is mightier than the sword," was given to the world, its author did not have a full conception of the power of the mod- ern newspaper press as an educational and molding influence in society. From a simple pur-, veyor of news, the horizon of the field of jour- nalism has expanded during the past few dec- ades until it now encompasses the whole domain of human knowledge. Politics, social and moral ethics, science, art, j^hilosopliy, re- ligion, law, — each finds an able expositor in the columns of the daily and weekly newspaper. Thus teeming with the best and most advanced thought of the time, the press exerts a power in educating the public mind second only to the public schools. Struck by the shafts of its cen- sure, tyrants tremble, and the vicious flee the wrath to come. Encouraged and strengthened by its fostering approval, truth and virtue be- come a wall of adamant environing the popu- lace. Los Angeles County has its due share of worthy newspapers and periodicals; and, like all intelligent, enterprising communities, its highways are strewn with the graves of dead journals and the wrecked hopes and fortunes of ambitious but mistaken journalists. This chap- ter aims to mention the publications worthy of note in this county since 1850. THE LOS ANGELES STAR was founded in 1851, the first number appear- ing May 17 of that year, printed in English and Spanish, issued weekly, John A. Lewis and John McElroy, publishers. In July the style of the firm was Lewis, McElroy & Rand, William H. Rand having become a partner that month. November 4 McElroy sold his interest to Lewis & Rand. October 19, 1854, Mr. McElroy again became a partner. In 1855 the Star was con- ducted by J. S. Waite & Co. December 15 of the same year J. S. Waite became the sole pub- lisher, at which time the Spanish department of the paper was transferred to the Olamcyr PuUico. Mr. Waite continued the publication of the Star until April 12, 1856, when he sold to William A. Wallace, who, the following June, sold to II. Hamilton. Mr. Hamilton published the Star until the fall of 1864, when it was purchased by General P. Banning, and removed to Wilmington, where the material was used to publish the Wilmington Journal. In 1868 the Star was again established in Los Angeles, pub- lished and edited by Mr. Hamilton. In 1872 G. W. Barter became a partner, but retired in a few months. The daily edition also made its first appearance that year. Mr. Hamilton con- ducted the Star until July 1, 1873, when he sold it to Major Ben. C. Truman. Mr. Truman edited and published the paper until October 1, IllSTOHY OF LOS ANGELAS COUNTY. 1877, when he retired. It was tlien published by Pajnter & Co., and afterward by Brown & Co. During the last fifteen months of its e.\- istence it liad several different managers and editors, and represented three or four jiarties. It ceased publication in the early part of 1879. THE SOUTHERN CALIFOENIAN, published weekly, was founded by C. N. Rich- ards it Co. The first number was issued July 20, 1851, William Butts, Editor. November 2, 1854, William Butts and John O. Wheeler suc- ceeded Richards & Co. in the proprietorship. Messrs. Butts & AVheeier conducted the paper for some time, when John P. Prodie became the publislier. In 1857 it was discontinued, and in the following year its press and material were used to publish the Soutli em Vineyard. EL CLAMOR PLBLICO, a Sj)anish publication, was established by Fran- cisco P. Ramirez, in 1855. It made iis first appearance June 19. of that year, and continued as a weekly until it suspended December 31, 1859, for want of sufficient support. The ma- terials of the ofhce were traut-ferred to the Los Angeles Nexos. THE SOUTHEEN VINEYARn was established by Colonel J. J. Warner, March 20, 1858, as a four-page weekly, 22 x 30 inches in size. It was devoted to general news, and issued every Satnrdaj' morning. December 10, of the same year, this ])aper was transformed into a semi-weekly; size, 20x26 inches; issued Tuesday and Friday mornings. It continued under the management of Mr. Warner until June 8, 18(50, when the office and materials were transferred to the Los Angeles JVews. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, a monthly paper, devoted to religious subjects, published by William Money, made its appear- ance April 10, 1S59. It was printed at J^l Clamor office, in both the English and Sjianish languages. The paper, not receiving sufficient support, numbers. discontinued after issuing a few LOS ANGELES DAILY AND WEEKLY NEWS. The Setni-WeeMy Southern iV^ews, independ- ent, issued every Wednesday and Friday, was established in Los Angeles by C. R. Conway and Alonzo Waite, January 18, 1860. In their opening announcement they speak of a "crisis and depression in business heretofore unknown within the limits of our rich and prosperous State," as then existing. The sheet was enlarged July 18. 1860, and again August 13, 1862. October 8, 1862, the paper was styled the Los Aiigeles Semi-Weekly Neivs, and continued as a semi-weekly until January 12, 1863, when it appeared as tlie Los Angeles Tri-Weekly JS'ews — issued Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The tri-weekly was enlarged December 16, 1863. November 11, 1865, Messrs. Conway & Waite sold the News to Messrs. A. J. King & Co., A. J. King assuming the editorial control of the paper, which was again changed to a semi-weekly. The sheet was enlarged January 5, 1866, and again January 1, 1867. January 1, 1869, the semi-weekly was dis- continued, and The Los Angeles Daily JVeivs appeared, published by King & Offutt (A. J. King and A. N. Offutt), R. H. Offutt, Business Manager. The daily was enlarged in May, 1869. October 16, 1869, R. II. Offutt sold his interest to A. Waite; style of new firm, King & Waite. The daily was again enlarged Janu- ary 5, 1870. Mr. King retired from the edito- rial chair January 1, 1870. The paper was then ])ublis]ied l)y King, Waite & Co.; A. Waite, Business Manager; Charles E. Beane. Editor. October 10, 1872, Mr. Waite sold his entire interest to Charles E. Beane, who con- ducted the paper for a few months, when it suspended. AMIUO DEL PDEBLO. This paper, printed in the Spanish language, published by Jose E. Gonzales & Co., made its HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. first appearance November 15, 1861; was a weekly paper and independent in politics. In May, 1862, it announced its suspension for want of adequate support. THE LOS ANGELES tUIKONICK, a German weekly journal, published by F. G- Walther, was first issued May 19, 1869. It continued until August. 1870, when it stopped publication for lack of support. THE SUED CALIFORNISCHE POST was established by Conrad Jacoby, who is the present editor and proprietor. It made its first appearance July 25,1874, its size being 24x36 inches. It was soon enlarged to 26x40 inches, which is its present size. This is the only German paper published in Southern California. THE EVENING KEPUBLICAN was founded in June, 1876, by W. W. Creigli- ton. As the name indicates, it was Republican in politics. It was printed at the Herald oiRce until the latter part of December, when the Republican established an office. In August, 1877, the office was purchased by the Republi- cans, and the paper published by Allison Berry & Co., who continued for a few months, when it was conducted by the Republican Printing Company. During most of the time a weekly edition was issued. In September, 1878, the daily was discontinued for lack of support, and in January, 1879, the weekly also ceased publi- cation. THE SCHOOL-MASTER was established in 1876. It was edited by Dr. W. T. Lucky, who was at that time superin- tendent of the city schools. The School-Master was the organ of the public schools of the county, and was a very valuable publication for teachers and those interested in educational matters. The death of Dr. Lucky caused the paper to be discontinued after a few publications. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HORTICULTURIST. The first number of this magazine was issued in September, 1877, at Los Angeles, by the S lUthern California Horticultural Society — L. M. Holt, Editor. In the first number we find the following account of its origin: "Immediately upon the adjournment of the society, the newly elected board of directors met and organized by electing J. de Bath Shorb as President; L. M. Holt, Secretary, and M. Thomas, Treasurer. "A committee on publications and library was appointed, consisting of L. M. Ilolt, T. C. Severance and T. A. Garey. On motion, Mr. Shorb, President of the society, was added to the committee. This committee was instructed to proceed at once to the publication of a monthly periodical in pamphlet form of thirty- two pages, to be known as the Southern Cali- foiii'ia Horticulturist, which should be the organ of this society. The committee decided to publish the first number by the first of September. This number is to contain the thirty-two pages of reading matter, the premium list of the joint agricultural and horticultural exhibition atid a limited amount of advertising." The Horticulturist was sent free to all mem- bers of the society, but to others the subscription price was $2 per annum. It was devoted to the interest of horticulture and agriculture in South- ern California, and the size of the magazine was 6x9 inches. After January, 1880, it was issued by Messrs. Carter & Rice, of Los Angeles, under the name of Semi-tropic California and South- ern California Horticulturist. It was enlarged to 9 x 12 inches and devoted to the same subjects as formerly, numbering several able writers among its contributors. It was succeeded by the Rural Californian. THE LOS ANGELES DAILY COMMERCIAL was established by W. H. Gould in 1879, the first number being issued March 6, that year. It was Republican in politics, and mainly de- voted to the development and interests of the Pacific Coast. D. M. Berry was its editor. Its publication ceased several years ago. HISTORY OF LOS AJSGELES COUNTY THE DAILY AND WKEKLY JOUKNAL was started by J. C. Littleiiekl and R. II- Hewitt, in 1879. Tlie first number was dated June 23, 1879. In a few weeks it was changed from an evening to a morning paper. At the close of the cani]iaign in September, that season, Mr. Littlelield witlidrew Irom the firm, and the Jo\irnal was conducted, till its publication ceased, by R. H. Hewitt as editor and proprie- tor. It was Republican in its politics. THE WEEKLY RESCUE was an eight-page sheet, devoted to temperance, current literature and general news, being the official organ of the Grand Lodge of the Good Templars of the State, and published under the direction of its executive committee. It was printed at different times in Sacramento, San Francisco and Los Angeles, and is now con- ducted at Sacramento. While it was >issued here, Messrs. Yarnell & Caystile, then pub- lishers of xSiG Mirror, printed it liy contiact for three years, commencing November 1, 1877. The remainder of this chapter is devoted to the periodicals now flourishing in tliis county. THE LOS AXGELES EVENING EXPRESS enjoys the distinction of seniority, and with one e.xception it is the oldest daily newspaper published in Southern California. Its pub- lishers are organized into a corporation called the Evening ^Vy^ress Company, of which H. Z. Osborne is President; E. R. Cleveland, Secre- tary and Treasurer, and J. Mills Davies, Busi- ness Manager. They publish also the Weekly Express, which has an extensive circulation among the farmers, ranchers and fruit-growers. The Eveninij Express was founded and first published by an association of practical printers comprising Jesse Yarnell, George Yarnell, George A. Tiffany, J. W. Painter and Miguel Verelo. The first number appeared March 27, 1871, and consisted of four pages, six columns to the page. In March, 1875, Colonel J. J . Ayres and Jo.-,oph D. Lynch purchased the Evening Express from Mr. Tiffany and his , which was by them enlarged to an eight-column paper, with new type and a new press, and in 1875 it was still further enlarged to a nine-column paper. On the 3d of October, 1876, Mr. Lynch re- tired from the Evening Express, and took edi- torial charge of the Daily Herald. Colonel Ayres continued in editorial charge and practi- cal management of the Evening Express until 1882, when, upon the election of General Stone- man as Governor of California, he was appointed State Printer, and removed to Sacramento. Mr. Lynch had never parted with his interest in the paper, and again resumed responsible charge of it, and published it in connection with the Daily Herald, in the same building and on the same press, but with a separate editorial and local stati'. Among the editors of the Evening Ex- press during this period were such able writers as George J. Denis and Colonel George Butler Griffin. In 1884 the Evening Express was sold to II. Z. Osborne and E. R. Cleveland. On Au- gust 18 of that year it was first printed under their management, with the former as editor and manager, and the latter as city editor, and it has so continued to the present. In August, 1880, these gentlemen organized the Everting Exjn^ess Company as a corjjorate body in order to facilitate business, and transferred the news- paper property to that company. J. Mills Davies became a stockholder and was made business manager. The paper has for some time enjoyed a steadily increasing prosperity, well known throughout Southern California, and is one of the most influential in the State, with a splen- did plant of modern printing presses, type and material, and a book and job printing estab- lishment equal to any in the State outside of San Francisco.^ The company lias also acquired in perpetuity the exclusive franchise of the Associated Press, the greatest news-gathering association of the world, for all its dispatches. The paper is now a handsome eight-page issue, printed upon a modern Hoe & Co. press, with IIISTOUY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTT. antoiiiatic folders. Three editions are printed daily — 2, 3 and 4 o'clock. The publication office and counting and editorial rooms are spacious and well arranged, in a building on the east side of Main street, near Third. Heney Z. Osborne, Editor and Manager of the Evening Express, and majority stock- holder, and President of the company, was born at New Lebanon, Columbia County, New York, October 4, 1848. His ancestors were among the earliest settlers in New England. His mother, born Juliaette Bristol, was a lineal de- scendant of General Israel Putnam. His father is Pev. Zenas Osborne, a minister of the Meth- odist denomination. The necessities of a large family cut short young Osborne's school days, and at the age of thirteen commenced his ap- prenticeship as a printer in the office of the Buflalo (N. Y.) Christian Advocate. At the age of si.xteen, under the last call for troops made by President Lincoln, he enlisted as a private soldier in Company E, One Hundred and Ninety-Second New York Volunteers. The war of the Rebellion being at that time Tiear its close, he served but a few months, in the Shen- andoah Valley and in West Virginia. With his regiment he was honorably discharged, and re- turned to Utica, New York, where he resumed his trade, in October, 1865. As with many other young men, army life had widened his range of vision, and he de- termined to seek larger fields than those fur- nished in the beaten paths of hi^ native State, and he accordingly started West, working as a compositor during 1866 on diHerent newspapers successively in Titusville (Pennsylvania), Cin- cinnati, Memphis, Jackson (Mississippi,) and New Orleans. He was a resident of the latter city thenceforward to 1878, excepting 1870-'71, the greater portion of which laiter time was spent in New York City, where lie was em- ployed, when twenty-two years of age, as one of the assistant foremen in the composing-room of the New York Times. From 1872 to 1878 he was employed on the New Orleans press suc- cessively as proof-reader, reporter and editorial writer, and was at the same time corresjiondent for several Northern newspapers, notably the Chicago Tribune, which he represented for several years. For a time he was connected with the Associated Press. Throughout his career as a practical printer, Mr. Osborne was an active member of the Ty- pographical Union. He was a member of the Austin (Texas) Typographical Union, No. 138, and its first delegate to the International Typo- graphical Union at its session in Cincinnati in 1870. He served the New Orleans Typograph- ical Union, No. 17, in various capacities, being president of that body one year, and represent- ing it in 1876 as the delegate to the Interna- tional Typographical Union at Philadelphia, at which time, at the age of twenty-seven, he was elected first vice-president of that great organ- ization of printers. Over ten years of constant niglit-work on the papers of the Crescent City, in an enervating climate, resulted in tlie impairment of his health; and after nearly a year of illness, Mr. Osborne left that city for California, in 1878, arriving April 3 at the then young mining camp of Bodie, Mono County, where he served over a year as the first editor of the Daily Standard, with marked success. In November, 1879, he engaged iu partnership with E. R. Cleveland and E. II. Fontecilla, in the publica- tion of the Daily Free Press, which during the subsequent five years was exceptionally successful. In 1880 he purchased the interest of Mr. Fontecilla, and in 1883 that of Mr. Cleveland. In 1878 he was appointed Re- ceiver of Public Moneys at Bodie by President Hayes, and was re-appointed four years later by President Arthur, and resigned a little more than a year afterward, upon removing to Los Angeles in 1884. In May, 1884, Mr. Osborne purchased the Los Angeles Republican, a daily afternoon paper, at tliat time printed in the newly finished Nadeau Block. Becoming satisfied that the Republican could not by itself be made a suc- cess, in August of the same year, in company UIsroHY OF LOS ANGELES with Ills former partner, Mi'. Cleveland — vvlio took a third interest in the venture —he pur- chased the Evening E'xjn-cfis, and consolidated the two paper?. The siibsetiuent history of the enterprise lias already been detailed. During Mr. Osborne's residence in (Jalit'ornia he has been active in social and political affairs. In Masonry he is Past Master of Southern Cal- ifornia Lodge, No. 278, of Los Angeles, and officer of the Masonic Grand Lodge of California; a member of the Creur de Lion Conmiandery, No. 9, Knights Templar, and of Al Malaikah Temple of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of Stanton Post, No. 55, G. A. R., and a past officer of the Department of California, lie holds the commission of Captain and Aide-de- camp on the staff of Brigadier-General E. P. Johnson, of the National Guard of California. In political opinions a Republican, he has been a member of nearly- every Republican State Convention duritig the past ten years, and a member of the Republican State Central Com- mittee. In 1888 he was elected a delegate from the Sixth Congressional District to the National Republican Convention at Cliicago, and served in that body as the representative of the State of California on the committee on platform. While taking an earnest interest in politics, Mr. Osborne had never been a candidate for office until his application to President Harrison in 18S9 for that of Public Printer of the United States. In this ambition, which was in the line of his life training, he was warmly indorsed to the President by the delegations in the Senate and House of Representatives of all the Pacilic Coast States, by leading statesmen in the Re- publican party from all parts of the country, and with surprising unanimity by the newspapers of the Pacilic Coast without reference to party. The office was much sought for by gentlemen of great influence, and Mr. Osborne spent sev- eral weeks in Washington during the contest. He was received with marked consideration by the President and his cabinet officers; but the final result was the selection of another gentle- man — Frank W. Palmer. 10 Mr. Osborne has a family of wife and five children, — four sons and one daughter, — and a pleasant home in Los Angeles. EnwAHi) R. Cleveland, Secretary and Treas- ui-ei- of the Ki^eii'uuj Express Company, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1853. His father, Daniel Cleveland, was a merchant, and was one of the early settlers of that city. His grandfather was General Erastus Cleveland, of Madison, New York, a descendant of Moses Cleveland, of Wo- burn, Connecticut, who was born in 1G35. The subject of this sketch spent the earlier years of his life upon a farm; at the age of thirteen years he moved to the city, where he attended school about two years, and then engaged as an apprentice in the mercantile department of the Cleveland Da'dij Pktbi- Dealer. At the end of three years he was declared a journeyman and admitted to the Typographical Union, of which organization he became secretary three months after his initiation. During the ne.xt two years the young man "worked at the case," but poor health forced him to seek out-door employment. In the spring of 1875 he caught the " Western fever," and in May started for California, by way of New York and the Isthmus. Upon his arrival in San Francisco he immediately found employment in the daily newspaper offices of that city. A desire to travel took him out of the metropolis of the Pacific Coast, and in a short time he was settled in Virginia City, where newspaper work was resufned. In those days the mining industry was in a flourishing condition, wages were high and speculation in stocks something that every one indulged in. In 1876 rich mineral deposits were found in Bodie, Cfdifornia, and Aurora, Nevada, two camps about twelve miles apart, and in 1877 Mr. Cleveland assisted in the work of issuing the iirst number of the Esmeralda Herald and the Bodie Standard. The latter paper was soon changed to a daily, and the camp grew into a most prosperous place of 7,000 or 8,000 people. In 1879 Mr. Cleveland severed his connection with the Standard, and, in company with others, started the DaUtj Free Press. This publica- UIsroiiY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. tion proved a great success and soon absorbed less enterprising journals uf tbe camp, and became the only daily paper in Mono County. In 1882 Mr. Cleveland was appointed by President Arthur Ilegister of the United States Land Office at Bodie, which position he tilled until his i-esigiiation in the fall of 1883. At the same time he disposed ot newspaper in- terests in Bodie, and spent the following winter and spring in travel. Upon his retiirn to the Pacific Coast in 1884: he became interested in the printing and publishing business at Los Angeles, and has resided here ever since. THE LOS ANGELKS HERALn, the oldest morning daily in Soutliern California, was founded by C. A. Storke, its tirst appear- ance being October 8, 1873. A little more than two years afterward Mr. Storke sold it to James M. Bassett, who after a few months sold it to John M. Baldwin, and the latter in a few months more sold it to Joseph i). Lynch, formerly editor of the San Diego World. lie had been bred to the newspaper business from his boy- hood, and has been attached to the staff ot leadingnewspapers in Pittsburg, his native place, and in New York City. He edited and owned the Herald alone until the fall of 1886, when he sold a half interest to Colonel James J. Ayers, who since the days of '49 had been engaged in newspaper work in tliis State, had been the founder of the San Francisco Call and con- nected with sevei-al notable journalistic enter, prises. Thus, with but few changes, has this journal pursued the even tenor of its way, perhaps more than any other paper in this part of the State. At all times it has been a clean, conservative, Deinocratic newspaper, Democratic in the true JefFersonian and Jacksonian sense. As a con- servative advocate the managers take great pride in building up what is good in the community, and setting forth the merits of this, the best place in the world for a happy home, keeping pace with the wonderful growth of the city and country. The Herald, now an eight-page jour- nal, contains all the important news, given promptly and in readable style. Joseph David Lynch was born in Pittsburg, March 8, 1844. His father. Major David Lynch, was a native of Schenectady, N. Y., but was of Irish extraction; and his elder brother was a Lieutenant in the English navy. Major Lynch was postmaster of Pittsburg for twelve years, under the administrations of Jackson and Van Buren, and was a very close friend of President Buchanan. lie long occupied a sim- ilar influential position in Pennsylvania politics to that of Dean Ilichinond in the political affairs of New York State. The subject of this sketch was educated at St. Francis' College, Loretto, Pennsylvania. He was a clerk in the Pittsburg postoffice several years. Afterward he studied law, and w^as admitted to the bar in 1870. He edited the Pittsburg Z<'^tf^ Journal a year, and was then a leporter on the Dispatch awhile. After that he opened a law office in New York City. From thence he came to California, arriving in San Francisco July 1, 1872. He was sent by the Democratic State Com- mittee to San Diego to edit the World of that city, which position he tilled till 1874, when he returned East. Some months later he came to Los Angeles, where, March 15, 1875, in con- nection with Colonel J. J. Ayres ai.d others, he helped organize a joint stock company, which purchased the Evening Express newspaper, of whicli he and Coloner Ayers became the editors. In October, 1876, Mr. Lynch withdrew from the Express and leased and took charge of the Herald, wiiicli was published and edited by him with ability and success from 1876 to 1886. In 1884 he bought the Herald, one-half inter- est in which he sold to Colonel Ayers in 1886. In the fall of tliis year, having received the Democratic nomination for member of Congress from this district, he temporarily resigned his editorial duties pending the campaign. At the end of Colonel Ayers's term as State Printer, the latter came down from Sacramento and actively engaged with Mr. Lynch in the HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. editorial and business management of the Herald, wliicli lias become an inflnential jour- nal and a valuable property. Mr. Ljncii's life occupation lias been mainly that of iournalism, for which by natural prefer- ence and aptitude and by training, lie is in many respects admirably equipjied. lie has brains, vigor, strong convictions which he does not liesitate to express without any unnecessary "beating about the bush;" a ready flow of strong idiomatic English, an accurate and often artistic sense of the meaning of words, and a dialectician's skill in their use, considering them the tools of his trade, to be only used, like the tools of the mechanician, with discrimination and a nice sense of their significance. He is averse to personal journalism, and seldom de- scends to notice small or spiteful flings at him- self, or to inflict thein on others. If compelled to defend himself, his paper, or his principles, he prefers to do it in an open, manly way. He early saw tlie wondrous possibilities of our imperial county; and it may truly be said that he has done yeoman's service in making them known to the world. The writer has heard the opinion expressed in the East, by those who have read the Herald and other local journals and publications, that Los Angeles was the best written up section of the United States. Los Angeles County is one of the richest counties in natural resources in the country, if not on this continent. Mr. Lynch has had the perception to see this and to proclaim it, in season and out of season, to an incredulous world. Some day the world will be convinced! A brother, Ilobert S., and a sister, Isabella M., now deceased, were for some years residents of Los Angeles. Mr. Lynch was married, May 11, 1888, to Miss Grace G. Stewart, of St. Louis. James JosEPir Ayers is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, where he was born August 27, 1830. He came with his parents to the United States when about one year old. He lived in New York City till 1848, when he learned the print- er's trade. He then went to St. Louis, where he took charge of the editorial department of the Sunday edition of the St. Louis RepuMican. In February, 1849, he started for California from New Orleans, via Balize to Honduras, traveling on foot across the continent to Realejo, thence by sail vessel seventy-five days to San Francisco, arriving there, after being on very short rations during the latter part of their voyage, October 5, 1849. He went to the mines and worked at mining till September, 1850, and then returned to San Francisco. In 1851, with an association of printers, he pub- lished the Puhlic Balance, a daily journal ; but they were burned out in the great June fire of that year. H. Hamilton (later the publisher of the Star newspaper of this city, and still a resi- dent of this county), Harry de Courcey and J. J. Ayers, bought an office and started at Moke- lumne Hill, the Calaveras Chronicle, October 18, 1851. That paper is still published, and, with the exception of the Alta California, is the oldest newspaper in the State. Again, in 1854, Colonel Ayers returned to San Francisco, where he was engaged on the Herald till the breaking out of the Vigilance Committee in 1856. In December of that year, in company with Llewellyn Zublin, George E. Barnes, Charles F. Jobson aud D. W. Higgins, he started the Morning Call, which now, after more than thirty years, is one of the great newspapers of San Francisco and of the Pacific Coast. He continued his connection with the Call for about ten years, or till 1866, when he sold out and went to Honolulu. Taking an oflice witli him, he started the Daily Havjaian Herald, which was the first daily paper published on those islands. Heturning to San Francisco the next year, he published the Evening Dispatch, which he afterward sold to General Volney E. Howard, who is now and has been for many years a resident of this county. Colonel Ayers then (1868) went to Virginia City, where he edited the Territorial Enterprise till January, 1869, when he took a large office to White Pine, where he started the Inland Empire. On the fllHTOHY OF LO^ ANGELES COUNTY. collapse of those mines, he went to San Luis Obispo and published the Trihine till 1872. He then came to Los Angeles and took editorial charge of the Evening Express till 1875, when, with J. D. Lynch, he formed a joint stock com- pany and bought that paper, which he helped to make a very influential local exponent of public opinion, ii. 1878 Colonel Ayers was elected a delegate at large to the Constitutional Conven- tion, of which body he became a very influen- tial member. In the fall of 1879 he ran as can- didate for Congress for the Fourth District, but was defeated. In 1883 he sold his interest in the Exjness, and was appointed by Governor Stoneman State Printer, which office he held for four years. During Colonel Ayers' incum- bency it became necessary to largely increase the capacity of the efface, so tiiat under the law t!ie State could print, electrotype and bind the text-books of the public schools. This was a new and formidable departure in a public insti- aition, and any serious mistake would have given the undertaking a set-back from which it would hardly have recovered. California was the ffrst State to print its own school-books. To prepare tor the work Colonel Ayers was compelled to reorganize the entire State print- ino- office, and to go East, inspect all the latest and most improved presses and niachinory, and select the best and most approved. The result was that he made the State print- ing office one of the most complete establish- ments in the United States if not absolutely the most complete. If the publishing of our own text-books at cost has been a success, it is due more to the intelligent, practical and faithful efforts of Colonel James J. Ayers than to any other man. In 1887 Colonel Ayers returned to Los An- geles, and joined Mr. J. I). Lynch in the pub- lication of the Herald, and he has since then been one of the editors and proprietors of that journal. As will appear from the foregoing. Colonel Ayers has had a wide and very varied experi- ence. It may be truly saitl of him that "he had done the State (and the communities in which he has lived) some service." He is a man of brains, and he is ever loyal to his con- victions, which is and always will be the secret of influence and power of every true journalist. He recognizes that men are reasonable beings, and he believes that they are amenable to rea- son; or, as he once expressed it, when assisting in formulating a charter for the city of Los An- geles: " In going before the people with this measure, we must be able to give them the rea- sons for our actions." In addition to his thorough acquaintance with English literature, and the effective use of the English language, ac(juired l>y a life-time of editorial work. Colonel Ayers is also a good Spanish and French scholar. THE I.OS ANGELES TIMES AND LOS ANOELKS WEEKLY MIKKOK. On Fel)ruary 1, 1878, the ffrst number of the Weelil.ij Mirror appeared, a diminutive sheet 10 X 18 inches, of four pages and three columns to the prtge. \ was pulilished every Saturday by Yarnell & Caystile, and distributed free. The office was at No. 14 Commercial street, in an old building where the proprietors started with $500 worth of second-hand job printing materials which they had purchased on credit, the primary purpose being to do job printing. The little paper prospered and grew brighter every issue. On March 1, 1873, William M. lirown was taken into the Arm, the title becom- ing Yaruell, Caystile & Brown, and on the 19th of that month the Mrrrar was enlarged a column to the page, making a sheet 11^ x 16^ inches. This important event was announced in a double- leaded editorial in which the publishers stated that, having abandoned the idea of publishing the smallest paper in California, they should set no bounds to the Mh'Tor's growth. In Novem- ber, 1873, the Mirror office was moved into a new building erected for its use on Temple street, an addition to the Downey Block. There the offfce remained until it was removed into the new Times building in May, 1887. The nitSTOHY OF LOS ANGELEti COUNTY. 149 second enlargement of the Mirror was made March 27, 1875, when it was made a twenty- column sheet 17x22 inches — four times its original size, " the subscription price remaining §1." Ou October 2!l, 1875, William M. Brown retired from the tirni on account of ill health and died the following March. The Mirrur bindery was purchased January 22, 1876, and a Potter drum cylinder press was added February 19. 1876. In August, 1880, Mr. S. J. Mathes came into the firm, and the succeeding month the Mirror was again eidarged to an eight- column paper, 24x38 inches, and the subscrip- tion price raised to $2 per year, with Mr. Mathes as editor. Subsequently it was enlarged to a nine-column paper and two more pages added, making the Mirrur by far the largest paper published up to that time in Southern Califor- nia. The tifth enlargement took place in July, 1882, — six months after the Daily Times was started, and immediately following the second enlargement of the daily — when the Mirror was made a double sheet of eight large pages. After the Times was started, in December, 1881, the Mirror became practically the weekly edition of the former, but retaining its original name, as being the older journal. In May, 1888, its form "was changed to twelve pages of six col- umns each — its present shape. The subscrip- tion price is now $1.50 a year. Unlike the Times, it is not a partisan paper, though it aims to give all the current political news. The Mirror's specialty is in the advocacy of the de- velopment and advancement of Los Angeles and Southern California, of whose interests it is an able chamj)ion, and in many thousands of whose intelligent homes it is a welcome weekly visitor. THE LOS ANGELES TIMES. This enterprising journal, which, in all the elements that enter into the composition of a great newspaper, ranks among the iirst on the Pacitic Coast, was started on the 4th of Decem- ber, 1881, as a seven-column folio. The i)ro- jectors were Cole & Gardiner. Mr. Gardiner retired with the first issue, and Mr. Cole on January 1, 1882. Tney were succeeded by the proprietors of the Weekly Mirror, Yarnell, Caystile & Mathes, who liought the Times outright and continued its public ition as a Re- publican morning journal. It was a lusty journalistic child, and grew and waxed strong and vigorous from the start. It jjroved a phe- nomenal success in view of the disastrous fate of the number of Republican papers which had attempted but failed to " make a live of it " in Los Angeles. So cordial was the reception given and so generous and substantial the patronage accorded to the young Itines, that on April 2, 1882, it was made an eight-columu paper, an expansion fully justified by its business. Three months later, July 2, 1882, it was enlarged to nine columns to the page. August 1, 18S2, Colonel II. G. Otis became an partner in the firm and the editor of the Daily Times and Weekly Mirror. His proprietary interest in the papers has been continued ever since that time, and with the exception of short intervals his man- agement has also been continuous. On the 22d of May, 1883, Mr. A. W. Francisco, then of Ohio, now of Los Angeles, an honored journalist of wide experience, bought Mr. Yarnell's inter- est, and the following October was made busi- ness manager, which position he filled with markedability until his retirement July 31, 1884. Mr. Mathes retired at the same time to engage in other pursuits. The third enlargement took place September 28, 1884, the length of the col- umns being extended two inches to accommo- date the press for advertising space. During the same month the publishers increased the daily telegraphic service for the paper threefold at correspondingly enlarged expense. This stroke of enterprise placed the Times far ahead of its former position as a newspaper, and was kindly appreciated by its patrons. In October follow- ing a new two-revolution single cylinder Camp- bell press was added to the plant, and the same month the Times-Mirror Company was incor- porated with a capital stock of $40,000, which was increased in 1886 to $60,000 for the pur- pose t)f erecting the 7'i'wic.s building. In April, HlaTOUr OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. 1886, the TlmcH-Mb'ror Company was re- organized, Albert McFarland and AYilliain A. Spalding, both practical printers, coining into the concern. The former was elected vice- president, and the latter secretary. Colonel II. G. Otis was at the same time elected president. In September, 1886, Charles F. Lummis ac- quired an interest, and in August, 1887, E. Mosher became a member of the company. In March, 1888, Colonel C. C. Allen bought Al- bert McFarland's interest, and was elected vice-president, taking Mr. McFarhind's place as business manager. Mrs. Eliza A. Otis has been continuously connected with the editorial staff of the Times and Jfhror since August, 1882, and is an oM-ner and director in the company. Her contributions to their columns have been regular, voluminous and notable. She is dis- tinguished for the diction, strength and versa- tility of her prose, and for the power and beauty of her verse. On the 22d of October, 1880, the Times donned a new dress and assumed the quarto form, six-columns to the page, the size being in- creased to 30 X 44 inches. May 28, 1887, it was made a standard seven-column quarto, 35 x 47 inches in dimensions. This was the last change in its form, and it is now metropolitan in size and style, and is published every day in the year. On the 22d of February, 1888, the enter- prising proprietors added to their plant a superb Hoe " Presto " stereotype perfecting press, on which occasion a numerously attended reception was given by the company. This remarkable machine prints from plates and a continuous web of paper; cuts, folds, pastes and counts eight- page papers at the rate of 10,000 perfect copies an hour; four- page papers at the rate of 20,000 copies an hour, and two-page papers at the rate of 40,000 copies an hour. It prints both a six- column and a seven column paper, and gives either the quarter-page or half-page fold at will. In September, 1887, the Times secured the franchise for a long period of years of the New York Associated Press and the Western As- sociated Press dispatches, which furnishes this paper the entire daily cable and eastern tele- graphic news budget, the same that is brought to the largest Pacific Coast journals. To use its own declaration, the Times is " devoted to the interests and the development of Los An- geles and Southern California." And to quote its own definition of its position as an independ- ent, fearless and courageous Journal, "The Times is conducted and controlled by its owners for their own and the common good. It lives by no favor or permission and has never had a dollar's subsidy from corporation, committee or candidate. It is free and independent and means to keep itself so." Distinctively and radically Kepublican in politics, the Times is a steady supporter of the great dis.tin- guishing principles ami policies of that jKirty, believing profoundly in them and glorying in the party's grand achievements. To further quote from its editorial declaration of principles: " Without cavil, without hypocrisy, without self- righteousness, the Times is the unvarying op- ponent of lawlessness, vice and immorality, and the persistent friend of good morals, social order, material progress, and everything which tends to promote that higher civilization to which the land we love and live in is happily tending." 'Y\\e Times Building is a three-story and base- ment structure, thirty feet front by 102 feet deep, located on the northeast corner of First and Fort streets. It is constructed of granite, brick, wood and iron, with metal roof and cop- per-covered dome. It was built by the Times- Mirror Company in 1886 and 1887, and de- signed especially for a publishing house. The building and grounds are valued at $80,000, and the whole property at §120,000. It is a unique and substantial structure, striking in its individuality and originalfty, being in these characteristics a faithful reflex of the journal whose name it bears. Besides the requisite materials and equipment for issuing a great daily newspaper the Times Publishing House embraces a complete book and job printing ofiice and bindery. The press-room contains six small job presses and two cylinder presses, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY all propelled by steaiu, and with a combined capacity of 20,200 impressions per hour. Add to these the newspaper presses and the establish- ment has a capacity of 200,000 impressions per day of eight hours. The job and book depart- ment is furnished with cutters, ruling machin- ery, etc., etc., necessary to a tirst-class printing and binding establisliment. This department is under a separate management, but is the prop- erty of the Times-Mirror Company. Colonel Haeeisox Geay Otis, the head of the Times-Mirror Company, being president \ and general manager, and editor of the Times, is a man fifty-two years of age. His interest in public affairs began at an early age. In 1860 , he was a delegate to tlie Xational Ile])ub]icau \ Convention at Chicago, which nominated Abra- ham Lincoln for the Presidency. When the war broke out he joined the Union Army as a private soldier, enlisting June 27. 1861, and serving to the close of the contest, successively in the Twelfth and in the Twenty-third Ohio regiments of infantry. (The latter was at one time commanded l)y Colonel R. I>. Hayes.) Mr. Otis participated in fifteen difi'erent engage- ments; was twice wounded in battle; commanded his regiment while yet a Captain; served on courts-martial and military commissions; re- ceived seven promotions, being twice brevetted " for gallant and meritorious services during the war," and was honorably discharged from the military service August 1, 1865. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and of the Loyal Legion. After the war Mr. Otis published a small weekly Republican paper at Marietta, Ohio, and at the Legislative session of 1866-'67 was ap- pointed Official Reporter of the Ohio House of Representatives. From 1867 to 1876 he re- sided in AVashington Citj', holding successively the positions of Washington correspondent of the Ohio State Journal, foreman of the Govern- ment Printing-oSice, managing editor of the Grand Army Journal (a soldiers' paper), and chief of a division in the patent office, where he served five years. Coming to California in 1876, he settled at Santa Barbara, and for four years, with short intervals of absence, he conducted tiie Santa Barbara Press, the chief daily paper of that city. "From 1879 to 1882 -three years — he was In the service of the Government as special agent of the Treasury Department in charge of the fur-seal islands of Alaska, his duties requiring him, with the aid of three assistants, to enforce the terms ot the Government's lease with the Alaska Commercial Company, involving the handling and accounting for of 100,000 fur-seal skins taken each year. Resigning in the spring of 1882 he shortly afterward removed to Los Angeles, to make this his permanent place of residence. Here, August 1, that year, he formed that connection with the Times which has con- tinued to the present. Under the administra- tion of President Arthur, Colonel Otis was tendered, through the late Senator, John F. Miller, the a;ipointment of Cjnsul at Apia, Samoa, and subsequently the appointment of Consul at Tientsin, China; but he declined both offers, preferring journalism as a pursuit. THE LOS ANGELES DAILY TEIBUXE. The first number of the Los Angeles Tribune, now one of the leading newspapers of Southern California, was published on Monday, October 4, 1886,. by H. T. Payne and Edward Records as publishers and proprietors. It was then 3 seven-column, four-page paper. With the ad- vent of the Tribune some new features were in- troduced into Los Angeles journalism, among which was the publication of a paper every day in the year, including Sundays and holidays, instead of six papers a week and the usual omission of an edition upon holidays, a custom which had previously prevailed. Able talent was employed in each department of the edi- torial work, the aim being to make a newsy paper without its becoming sensational, and to have its moral tone such as would render it a welcome accessory to the refined home. The new candidate for public favor was warmly re- ceived, and the enterprise of the publishers HISTORY Oil LOS ANGELES COUNTY. promptly appreciated and responded to in the way of a liberal patronage. A new press was purchased to meet the needs of its rapidly in- creasing circulation, the tliird week after the paper was started, and to provide for the de- mands for advertising space it was enlarged to eight pages of six columns each. On JS'ovem- ber 6, 1886, Mr. Payne purchased the interest of Mr. Records, thus becoming sole manager and proprietor. On the 7th of January, 1887, the Trihuna Company was incorporated, with H. T. Payne, F. A. Eastman, H. E. Smith, J. W. Maddrill and J. M. Austinas, stockholders, and the paper again enlarged to seven columns to the page. Before the paper reached its first anniversary its press facilities were again in- creased by the purchase of a new Scott- Potter web-perfecting press, which was added to the plant October 1, 1887. Quoting from its own language in a recent editorial, the sentiments and policy of tlie Trihune are thus set forth: "Politically it is stalwartly Republican, and labors for the interests and principles of that party irrespective of the feelings of any one man or set of men. Locally it has given a faithful and pure reflection of the news of the day without any sensational attempt to ridicule or blacken the character of even the most hum- ble citizen. Editorially it has fairly, honestly and manfully discussed the issues of the day without fear or favor, awarding to Csesar that which is Cffisar's, * * * honestly laboring for the honest rights of the people and the best interests of the city and the whole of Southern California. Its course has been honorable, open and upright." The Tribune force at present (July 1, 1889) is managed by the following heads of depart- ments: General H. H. Boyce, Editor-in-Chief and General Manager; T. W. Blackburn, Man- aging Editor; O. A. Stevens, City Editor; J. W. Maddrill, Telegraph and Night Editor; II. T. Payne, Business Manager; H. E. Smith, Cashier. THE EAST SIDE CHAMriON is a six-column weekly paper, published every Saturday on Downey avenue, in East Los An- geles, and is devoted chiefly to the local aftairs of that portion of the city. It was established by its present editor and proprietor, Edward A. Weed, in the fall of 1885, and is therefore in its fourth volume. From the tone of the copy at liand it is, as its name imjilies, a champion of East Side interests. SLID CALIFORNIA POST, the only daily German newspaper published south of San Francisco in California, was estab- lished in Los Angeles as a weekly in 1874, by Conrad Jacoby, its present proprietor and ed- itor. The publishing oflice was flrst located in the old Lanfranco Building, No. 118 North Main street, for nearly ten years. When the building was torn down, to be replaced by the present flne block, some two years ago, the oflice of the iSild California Post was moved to its present quarters at No. 122 Commercial street. The Post is independent in politics, with Demo- cratic leanings. The weekly edition enjoyed a prosperons career, having a large circulation among the German population throughout Southern California. In 1887 the daily made its flrst appearance, and has been published ever since as an afternoon paper. It is a four-page sheet, 26x40 inches in size, and eight columns to the page. The weekly is the same size, with a supplement added. The daily has a general circulation among the nearly 1,100 German voters in Los Angeles, and its advertising columns are liberally patronized by the business men. Conrad Jacoby was born in Prussia, Europe, in 1842; came to America and to California when twenty-two years of age; located in San Francisco and drifted into the newspaper busi- ness. Failing health induced him to visit Southern California in 1868, when he spent some time in Los Angeles. In 1874 he settled in the city permanently and founded the Sild California, Post, which he has made a gratify- ing success. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 153 LA CEONICA, a Spanish newspaper of Los Angeles, was founded in 1872, by M. S. Arevalo, a native of Mexico; 13. F. Teodoli, a native of Eome, Italy, and B. l'\ Ramirez, a native of Los Angeles. Mr. Teodoli was a practical printer, a thorougli busi- ness man, clear-headed and eneigetic. Mr. Ramirez was a lawyer, a well-educated gentle- man, but timid and retiring in his du-position. His personal courage was invariably surpassed by the " utterances " of his pen. In this re- spect Mr. Ramirez was of an opposite charac- ter. He retired soon after tlie first issue, which was dated June 2, and he was succeeded by a congen ial associate, E. F. de Cells, also a native of Los Angeles, and almost fresh from Europe, where he had been educated. Against all appear- ances, the paper rose under the management of these gentlemen to be the most influential Span- ish paper in the State; but many were the dis- couragements and hard were the struggles. It is now the respected organ of the Spanish- American population where the Latin race was and is yet very numerous and important. In 1880 Mr. Arevalo organized La Cronica Publishing Company, a joint-stock association, limited to 100 shares of $100 each, which were all taken by the most prominent Spanish-Amer- ican citizens of Los Angeles and indeed the State. Soon afterward Mr. Teodoli withdrew from the company. After a time they leased the newspaper to Pastor de Cells and Miguel J. Varela. Pastor de Cells was a brother of the original editor, who had also retired. Next, the paper passed into the hands of the Cordona Brothers; then E. F. de Celis again assumed the management; next, S. A. Carona and Tomas W. Temple; the latter is the sole proprietor. l'union nodvklle is a weekly newspaper published in the French language, and circulates largely among the old French pioneers and wealthy families of that nationality in Southern California. It was founded in 1879 at Los Angeles, is a large four- page slitet, 30 X 42 inches in size, with eight columns to the page. It has been edited from the start by Mr. P. Ganee, its present editor and proprietor. The printing and publishing office is on Aleso street, near Los Angeles street. Southern California contains about 3,500 French population, most of whom are patrons of the V Union Nourclle. LK TEOGKliS was established in 1883 by a corporation of the same name. The object of the publication was to have in Los Angeles a true representative of the French population in Southern California in general and of Los Angeles in particular. The founders and stockholders of the Le Progres are among the leading and most influ- ential citizens of our French population. The paper is 26 x 40 inches in size, and seven col- umns to the page. The first editor was Dr. Pigne du Puytren. After editing the paper for over a year, he resigned, as he was advanced in years. He was succeeded by Georges Le Mesnager, whose business as a wine-grower compelled him to resign. Since then the paper has been in charge of the directors' committee. It is now in the hands of Felix Viole as editor and Thomas Laughlin, Jr., as manager. It is published every Saturday, is independent in ])olitic8, and enjoys a liberal advertising patron- age. The publishing office is at 231 North Los Angeles street. THE PORCUl'INE is a weekly news and story paper, published at Los Angeles, started by Horace Bell, November 11, 1882, the publication of which he continued until September 22, 1888, when he retired from the editorship in favor of his son, C. A. Hell, its present editor and proprietor. THE LO.S ANGELES WEEKLY CACTUS. The Cactus is an illustrated weekly paper, the only illustrated weekly in Southern Califor- nia — and was established by the present pro- prietor, editor, artist and manager. Carle Browne, of Calistoga, Napa County, California. The first number was issued on the Utli of February, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 1883, and it was a success from tlie start. It is a quarto in form with four columns to the page. The striking and principal feature of the Cactus is its cartoons by Carle Browne. It is admitted that the Cactus'' cartoons during the political campaign of 1888 materially' aided the Republican cause. It has passed through sev- eral local campaigns and has been on the win- ning side. a model piece of newspaper typography, is a three-colnmn folio, published in the morning of every week-day of the year, and devoted, as its name indicates, to the recording of the daily proceedings of the courts of Los Angeles County, thus making a convenient and valuable acces- sory to the otiice of every member of the bar, who constitute its chief patrons. The Court Jotirnal was first issued April 6, 1888, by Charles W. Palm and H. H. McCutchan, pass- ing si.x days later into control of the present owners and publishers, — Charles W. Palm & Co., M. T. Spencer being the junior partner and editor. Though but little over a year old the JournaVs history has been a checkered one, its publication having been twice suspended. It is now being pretty generally supported by the lawyers, and is considered a permanent fixture of the city. Its subscription price is $2.50 per month delivered by carrier, and it has quite a liberal advertising patronage. The plant, in- cluding a job printing ofKce, is situated tem- jwrarily at 49 New High street. THE LOS ANGELES LIFE is a weeklj' journal, published on Saturdays, and devoted to gossip, criticism, literature, music, drama, etc., and is non-political. It first appeared in Los Angeles on December 8, 1888, under the title of The Critic. J. M. Shawhan was proprietor and had, previous to its removal, conducted the paper in Pasadena, California, for about eight months. On Feb- ruary 1, 1889, Mr. Shawhan transferred the business and good will of Tlie Critic to Gilbert McClurg and L. Montgomery Mather, two gen- tlemen of considerable newspaper experience, who changed the title to the Los Angeles Life. Mr. McClurg subsequently retired, atid Mr. Mather assumed control and became sole pro- prietor. The paper has a wide circulation among the intelligent community of Los An- geles and neighboring towns, and is a pros- perous property. THE SOCIAL WORLD was established by Mr. Ward in 1886. He afterward took in as a partner a Mr. Poucin. The paper was then four pages, eight columns to the page, in size, and devoted to social, dra- matic and personal matters. The paper was sold to W. A. Clinton in January, 1887, who improved it much by changing it to its present form — an eight-page five-column (juarto. Under Mr. Clinton's management the World was in- corporated and continued until February, 1889, when it was sold to the present owners, one of whom, W. H. Kennedy, has the management of it. The paper is published every Saturday, and is steadily growing in public favor and in patronage. THE COMMERCIAL BULL?:TIN. The Commercial BuUetiri of Southern Cal- ifornia was permanently established in January, 1887, as an advertising sheet. Its projectors were Fred. AV. Beau de Zart and John Gr. Hun- sicker. The first few numbers bore the cogno- men The Weekly Directory, but the owners, foreseeing the necessity of, and future for, a trade journal to represent the jobbing and manufact- uring interests of Southern California, changed the name to the present form. That the paper has been successful is evinced by the well filled columns and the advertisements of many of the largest wholesale, manufacturing and jobbing houses in the world. The subscription list ex- tends throughout the southern counties of Cal- ifornia, Arizona, part of New Mexico and to El Paso, Texas. It is now owned by Beau de Zart, Burt & Menzies. Fred. W. Beau de Zart, as here- UISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 155 tofore, conducts the editorial department. The business offices are in the Panorama Building, 220 South Alain street, Los Angeles. THE KXI'GNENT is published every Saturday in East Los An- geles, is a four-page seven-column paper 24.\36 inches in size, and was established July 28, 1888. In politics it is Independent Republican, but is devoted chiefly to local and family matters. The publishing liouse, located at No. 9 South Hellman street, was erected by the proprietors for the purpose on a lot owned by them, and is equipped with steam presses and a neat hook and job office. The proprietors, Charles A. Gardner and L. S. Akerinan, are both practical newspaper men of many years' experience. Mr. Gardner was formerly the publisher and proprietor of the Rural Californian, of which he made a marked success. Mr. Ackerman was formerly connected with the Toronto (Canada) Evening Telegram, and at one time published the Pickering (Canada) iV^c?OT, with great success. KCRAL CALIFORNIAN, an illustrated journal of horticulture. Twelve years ago this journal was established in Los Angeles as the Southern California Horticult- urist. Two years later George Rice, the present editor, bought it and several other publications devoted more or less to agriculture and consoli- dated them, naming the new paper the Rural Calif ornian, he continuing as editor and pro- prietor until ihree years ago, when he sold it to Messrs. Alles & Gardner. Then for over three years Mr. Rice put into practice thetiieories he had published, and again assumed the editorial chair after this experience in the orchard and field, lie is in love with his work, to which he expects to devote his life and energies. The Rural is a neatly printed illustrated monthly journal of forty-eight broad double- column pages, bound in an illuminated paper cover, and devoted to the discussion of topics relating to the farm, the orchard and the home. It has a large list of readers not only in Southern California but throughout the State, and many thousands in the East. George Rice was born in Brown County, Ohio, in October, 1842, educated in the State Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio, at which he graduated in 1860. He had begun to study law when the attack upon Fort Sumter changed the current of his life. In April, 1861, the day President Lincoln issued the call for 75,000 volunteers, Mr. Rice enlisted as a member of Company G, Eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. The regiment was commanded by ex-Governor Oglesby. Mr. Rice served three years and three months. lie has a gold medal given him by General J. B. McPherson, dated July 4, 1863, bearing the inscription, " Presented to George Rice, private of Company G, Eighth Illinois Infantry, given for meritorious service." One of the last official acts of General McPherson before he was killed was to issue to Mr. Rice a Lieutenant-Colonel's commission. After the close of the war Mr. Rice engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1869, when he entered into the publishing business, and has spent ten years at it in Los Angeles. THE PACIFIC COAST POULTRY JOFRNAL was issued in May of the present year — 1889. It starts out as an illustrated monthly in maga- zine form with imperial quarto page of three columns. The subscription price is $1 a year. C. O. Cummingsis the editor. The publishing office is in the Lanfranca Building, North Main street, Los Angeles. THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE was founded by its present editor and publisher. Rev. P. 11. Bodkin, A. M., March 1, 1886; having superseded a District Quarterly issued by Rev. R. W. C. Farnsworth, A. M., of the Los Angeles District Methodist Episcopal Church. For nine months it was issued as a medium four-page monthly, at 50 cents a year, under the supervision of the Los Angeles Meth- odist Preacher's Meeting. Rev. S. G. Blanchard was associate editor. November, 1886, its lifild HISTORY UF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. was enlarged, its name clianged to its present title, and it was made a sixteen-page semi- monthly, with a local advisory committee, which raised a subsidy of $500 for tiie editor and pub- lisher to aid them in the work. The oul)scrip- tion price was $1.00 a year. In November, 1887, tlie (ditoi- took in Charles Patterson as partner in tiie Imsiness management, but this arrangement was discontinued in six months. From November, 1887, tiie jiaper has been is- sued as a weekly, eight pages, size of sheet 26 X 38 inches. The publication committee was slightly clianged, and $1,000 was raised for an office outfit. At the session of Conference held in Pasa- dena September 13, 1888, the Advocate was made the Conference organ. This action raised it from the character of a local concern and made it the official paper of the entire Conference. The present editor and publisher was unani- mously continued by a vote of the Conference, and as usual was appointed to the work by the Bishop. The publication committee was now enlarged to embrace representative men of the entire Conference, and is as follows: Ilev. P. F. Breese, D. D., Eev. M. M. Bovard, D. D., Bev. T. E. Robinson, Rev. A. M. Hough, J. P. Widney, A. M., K. D., Hon. E. 1^'. Spence, Rev. E. S. Chase, Rev. A. B. Morrison, Rev. D. H. Gillau, Hon. R. M. Widney, LL. D., Rev. R. S. Cantine, D. D., Rev. S. G. Blanchard and P. M. Green. A $500 subsidy was raised this year to assist the editor in his work of publication. The subscription list has grown with reasonable ra- pidity, and now (June, 1889) numbers between 1,500 and 1,600. It bids fair to be self-sup- porting in another year. The editor manages the entire paper in its literary and business wa}', and has frequently issued large editions of ten and twelve pages. The editor, Rev. P. II. Bodkin, was born in Ireland, in 1851, is an Indianian by adoption, was educated at DePauw [Jniversity (then called Asbury), at Greencastle, Indiana, graduating in 1877, entered the Iowa Conference of the Meth- odist Episcopal church in 1878, and transferred to Austin (Texas) Conference in 1882, being stationed at Fort Worth. While there he was assistant editor of the Texas IfetAodist. In November, 1886, he came to California and was appointed pastor at Ontario, where he remained for one year. Since then he has residt'd at Los Angeles and has had no charge in connection with his editorial work. TilK LOS ANOELES CHURCHMAN is a monthly magazine of some twenty pages of three columns each, devoted, according to the announcement on the title page, "to the inter- ests of the church in Los Angeles and Southern California." The contents of the number before us — June, 1889 — embraces articles on various religious and Sunday-school topics. The Churchman was established by Rev. Thomas W. Ilaskins, its present editor and proprietor, in January, 1888. The subscription price is 50 cents a year, and its present circulation aiiout 500 copies. The publishing office is in the California Bank Building, Los Angeles, Cali- fornia. THE CALIFORNIA BAPTIST. In February, 1887, the lirst number of the Southern California Baptist was issued in Los Angeles by the Southern California Publishing Company, with Rev. W. B. Wright as editor. It was started as a sixteen-page weekly with four columns to the page. In September, 1888, its form was changed to eight pages of five col- umns each, and from February 1, 1889, it has been published weekly. The patronage and in- fluence of the paper having extended beyond the local boundary of Southern California, the name was then altered to California Baptist. After the first three numbers were issued, Rev. G. S. Bailey, D. D., of State distinction, assumed the editorship, and filled that position from June 1, 1887, until June 15, 1889. In Novem- ber, 1888, the present editor and proprietor, A. W. Palmer, purchased the paper and plant from the Southern California Publishing Company. HI STORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Tlie paper has received a liberal support and lias prospered from the beginning. The publishing otKee is at 18 South Fort street, Los Angeles. THK I'ENTECOST wa.s first issued in 1885, as a quarterly publi- cation. The following year it was changed to a monthly, and about the middle of the year 1887 it began to be published semi-monthly and has been issued twice a month ever since. Tlie paper and plai't, including a job printing ottice, is the property of the " Holiness" societies of Southern California and Arizona, and the edit ng and publishing is done by L. A. Clark and W. C. Brand. It is a four-page sheet with four columns to the page, and circulates among the adherents of this religions belief. No adver- tisementsareinserted in it. Thepublishingoffice is at No. 15 Patrick street. East Los Angeles. THE SOUTHERN (^ALIFllUMA PRACTITIONER, a medical montlily journal, was established in January, 1886, the editors and founders being J. P. Widney, A. M., M. D., Dean of the Col- lege of Medicine of the University of Southern California; Walter Lindley, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics, and Joseph Ktirtz, M. D., Professor of Clinical Surgery in the same college. These gentlemen have remained in charge of the journal ever since, but have associated with themselves Frank L. Ilaynes, M. D., Professor of Gynecology in the college. The Pract'ittiniti\ while devoting itself to the discussion of all matters nerta ing to th science of medicine and surgery, has mapped out for itself one particular Held as its specialty, viz.: The careful investigation of the climatic peculiarities and climatic laws of Southern Cali- fornia, and of that great iidand plateau which embraces Arizona, New Mexico, and the ele- vated portion of the Mexican interior; the eifects which these climatic peculiarities may have upon race types, race development, and race diseases; the local changes which, through liuman agency — such as irrigation, drainage, cultivation, planting or clearing of timber — may be produced in climate; the question of race habits of food, drink, and manner of life; the physiological and pathological effects of the crossing of bloods were noticed; and all of these questions as affecting the Anglo-Teuton in tak- ing up his race abode in this, to him, new cli- matic belt. It is a new, a broad and a hereto- fore nnworked field, and many of the questions will require generations, rather than years, for their solution, yet the Practitioner hopes to add somewhat to the stock of human knowledge in this direction, and to help toward the solution of these problems; and it will aim to base its investigations upon a solid substructure of facts and carefully-compiled scientific observations, rather than upon the more glittering, but less fruitful, basis of mere speculation. It will, also, endeavor to present the salient features of vari- ous sections of this now widely-known climatic belt, !-o that physicians throughout the East* rn States and abroad, who may be recommending a change of climate to invalids, or persons of deli- cate constitution, may liave accurate informa- tion upon which to base a selection. In carrying out the plan of work thus out- lined, scarcely a number of the Practitioner has appeared without some valuable climatic article. This journal has become standard authority throughout the continent in this new field of climate and disease, in which it is the pioneer. POMONA DAILY TIMES AND POMONA TIMES-CODEIER. The Pomona Times was established in 1882 by Messrs. Short & Moi-ton. In December, 1883, the first number of the i'duiona Weekly Courier was issued, with John YL. Lee as editor and publisher. In February, 1884, H. N. Short sold his interest in the Times to W. D. Morton, and on April 1, following, the Tiines a,\\d Cour- ier were consolidated under the name of tlie Times-Courier., J. II. Lee and W. D. Morton as editors and publishers. In November, 1885, W. D. Morton retired and the paper issued with Lee & Sumner, Publisher-. In April, 1886, Lee & Sumner began the publication of the Pomona Daily Times. Tiiis was the first daily paper ever issued in the city of Pomona, and HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. the only one publislied up to the present writ- ing in 1889. February 18, 1888, Mr. William E. Ward, the founder and editor of the Orange Tribune^ purciiased Mr. Sumner's interest, and the firm of Lee & Ward was established. They have, since that date, edited and published the Times as a daily and the Times-Couriei' as a weekly paper. Both papers are independent in politics, hut are strong in their support of all interests and industries that tend to develop the resources of Los Angeles County, and especially to encourage immigration into the beautiful San Jose Valley and the city of Pomona. The Times oftice is complete in its equip- ments, with cylinder press run by steam power, being well equipped for doing a large and first- class job printing business. Its enterprising proprietoi'S well merit the support they receive from the community. John H. Lee. The subject of this sketch is H native of California, dating his birth in Blucher Valley, Sonoma County, in 1852. His father, Dr. William G. Lee, was a native of Ohio; he is a pioneer of California, coming overland to the State in 1849. Mr. Lee's mother was Aletha A. Ross, a native of Illinois. She died when the subject of this sketch was six years of age. leaving a family of seven children, only one of whom was married. AVlien he was thirteen years of age his youngest sister, who up to that time had, managed the domestic affairs of the household, was married, and the family circle was broken up. Mr. Lee then located in Monterey County, and in 1867 etitered the office of the Salinas Standard as an ap- prentice, beginning with the first issue of that paper. He worked for three years in the Stan- dard office, and afterward was engaged in vari- ous newspaper offices in the central portion of the State until 1871. In that year he located at Bakersville, Kern County, and for twelve years was engaged in newspaper work in that place, as a compositor and foreman, in various offices. He also established the Kern County Record, which he edited and published tintil 1883. In that year he sold out his paper and established his residence in Pomona, Los An- geles County, and in December established the Pomona Courier. Since that time to the pres- ent writing, in 1889, Mr. Lee has been promi- nently connected with the newspaper enterprises of the city, as an editor and publisher. Thor- oughly practical and well schooled in his call- ing, he has, by his strict attention to his busi- ness, achieved a well-merited success. He is enterprising and public spirited, and has always taken a deep interest in the growth and pros- perity of his chosen city. In politics he is a Republican and a worker in the ranks of that party. He is a charter member of ^Etna Lodge, No. 107, K. of P., of Pomona, and also a u] em- ber of Pomona Lodge, No. 225, A. O. U. W. At Bakerstield, in 1883, he was united in mar- riage with Miss Belle Sage, the daughter of Orris C. and Ann Eliza (Farner) Gage. From this union there are two cliildren living: Oribel and Winnie. William E. Wakd. The subject of this sketch was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842. His father was a native of Massachusetts, who in early manhood moved to Vermont and es- tablished himself as a merchant in Vergennes. AVhile there he married Miss Harriet Shirrill, a native of that place. In 1840 he moved to Cleveland, and from there, in 1846, to Wauke- sha, Wisconsin, and later to Green Lake County, of that State. He was engaged in manufactur- ing and mercantile pursuits. In 1853 he crossed the plains and located himself and fam- ily in Plumas County, California. He was prominent in the early history of that county, and in 1854 was elected county judge, atid later held other offices of honor and trust. His death oc- curred in that county in 1876. The subject of this sketch, at the age of fourteen years, en- tered the office of the Mountaineer, at Quincy, to learn the trade of a printer. In 1860 he located at Carson City, Nevada, and was for a year or more working at his trade. In 1861 he returned to Plumas County, and for the next two years was engaged in mining in Genesee Valley. He then returned to his trade, and in UltiTOliY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 1868 purcbased an interest in the Plumas Na- tional. He edited and published that paper for sixteen years and became well known in the newspaper circles of Mortbern California. He was also, during these years, connected with many of the mining interests of that section. In 1884 Mr. Ward came to Los Angeles County, and after a residence of a year in Los Angeles, located at Orange, and in April, 1885, founded the Orange Tribune, which be successfully con- ducted until 1888. In February of that year he established his residence in Pomona. Upon his arrival in that city he purchased an interest in the Fomona. Daily Times and Pomona Times- Courier, and has since been actively engaged in the publication of those journals. Mr. Ward is a Republican in politics and has always taken an active interest in the success of bis party, lie is a member of Santa Ana Lodge, No. 236, I. O. O. F., and of Pomona Lodge, No. 225, A. O. II. W. lie is a man of strong characteris- tics and genial temperament, and in whatever community lie has resided has gained hosts of warm friends. In 1856 he married Miss Louise J. O'Neill, the daughter of Captain John F. O'Neill, a well-known resident of Plumas County and a pioneer of Wisconsin, where he was an officer in the early Indian wars. No children have been born from this marriage, but Mr. and Mrs. Ward have reared an adopted daughter, Mary J. Van Norden; she married J. J. O'Neill, of Pomona, in 1889. THE POMOX.V PROGRKSS was established in January, 1885, but it was not until January 31 that the first issue ap- peared. It was then under the ownership and management of Edward E. Stowell. Pomona was then a hamlet of about 1,500 people, and the Progress was a decided innovation in the town and in rural journalism. It was printed on a iirst-class cylinder press, its paper was far above the average, and its "make-up" and typography were artistic and attractive. The Progress created a new iield for itself in Po- mona and the eastern part of Los Angeles County, and soon won a prominent place in the newspaper circles of Southern California. Its business has gone on steadily increasing from the first. In January, 1886, the Progress bought the office and plant of the Pomona Telegram, and added that business to its own. In the follow- ing May the health of Mr. Stowell broke down, and Charles I. Lorbeer became editor and pub- lisher of the Progress. I-ater P. S. Dorney, of Los Angeles, was editor a short time, and then K. A. Morton and W. Cobler. B. A. Stephens, of Los Angeles, was lessee from November, 1886, to May, 1887, and made it a splendid paper. Mr. Stephens sold his lease to Mr. Lor- beer, and Mr. Stowell once more assumed the editorial management, and remained in that capacity until he suddenly died on February 5, 1888. On March 1, 1888, Henry G. Tinsley bought a one-half interest in the Progress, and became its editor and manager, Charles I. Lorbeer being a silent partner. Mr. Tinsley came directly to Pomona from New York, where he was a mem- ber of the New York Sun statf for several years. He had his first journalistic education on the Lyons (N. Y.) Republican, and was a writer for the Rochester (N. Y.) Democrat and the Rochester Herald for two years. He was born in Lyons, New York, in 1861, and gradu- ated from the Cornell University at Ithaca, New York, in 1883. Several of his articles have been published in the New York Independent, the Cosmopolitan and Outing. He is an enthu- siastic Southern Californian now, and has given his whole time and attention to spreading abroad the advantages of the beautiful Pomona Valley and making bis newspaper a proud success. The Pomona Progress office is an unusually well-furnished and equipped establishment. It has a large $1,700 Cotrell cylinder press, three Gordon job presses, a three horse-power engine, two full dresses of type (brevier and nonpareil), and a particularly large quantity of job and wood type. The handsome appearance of the eight-paged Pomona Progress is a matter of general comment among all who see it. UISroHY OF LOS ANGELES COUIfTY. CHAPTEfl XV. riONEER ATTOENEYf fllE United States Land Commission, ap- pointed by act of Congress to pass upon the validity of Spanisli and Mexican land grants in California, brought here some of the ablest legal talent in the United States. In these cases the fees were large and many fort- unes were founded on these claims, the attor- neys frequently bargaining for half the lands contingent on confirmation. The early lawyers arriving in the order men- tioned were: Don Manuel C. Rojo, 1849; Russell Sackett, 1849; Lewis Granger, 1850; Benjamin Hayes, February 3, 1850; Jonathan II. Scott, March, 1850. The last four, as well as Mr. Hartman, were overland emigrants. Law books were scarce. A brief ])assage in "Kent's Commentaries," that was found somewhere in town, decided an interesting case between the rich Peruvian passenger and liberal French sea captain, some time in March, before First Al- calde Stearns. The Captain lost, but comforted Ills attorney, Scott, with a $1,000 fee, as it hap- pened, all in $5 gold pieces. In 1850 also came William G. Dryden and J. Lancaster Brent, the latter with a good library; 1851, I. K. S. Ogier, Ogier & Rojo, May 31, 1851; 1852, Myron Norton, James II. Lander, Charles E. Carr, Ezra Drown, Columbus Sims, Kimball II. Dimmick, Henry Hancock, Isaac Hartman; 1858, Samuel R. Campbell; 1854, Cameron E. Thorn and James A. Watson ("Colonel Jack Watson"); E. J. C. Kewen, W.W.Hamlin, 1856; Alfred B. Ciiapman, 1858; Volney E. Howard, 1861; Andrew J. Glassell and Colonel James G. Howard arrived on the same steamer, November 27, 1865, from San Francisco. Myers J. Newmark was admitted to the bar in Septem- ber, and Andrew J. King in October, 1859; Don Ignacio Sepiilveda, September 6, 1862. Other attorneys prior to 1860 were Hon. S. F. Reynolds (afterward district judge of San Fran- cisco), Joseph R. Gitchell (in April, 1858, ap- pointed district attorney), A. Thomas, William E. Pickett. Casanenva & Jones advertised De- cember 13, 1851. This was William Claude Jones, known in Missouri. Scott & Hayes were partners from March, 1850, until April 13, 1852; afterward Scott & Granger; then Scott & Lander. Between 1852 and 1860 the land questions before the Commissioners and United States District Court brought almost as resi- dents distinguished lawyers — H. W. Halleck, A. C. Peachy, F. Billings, C. B. Strode, William Carey Jones, P. W. Tompkins, Gregory Yale, John H. Saunders, H. P. Hepburn, not to name others. There are dead Russell Sackett, 1872; James H. Lander, Ezra Drown, Columbus Sims; UISTOUY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Kimball H. Diininick, 1856; James A.Watson, S. II. Campbell: Clarke, at New Orleans; Carr, at Washington City; Joseph li. Gitehell, 186G. J. Lancaster Brent stood high as a lawyer and statesman. lie resides in Louisiana, near New Orleans, and in part represented that State in the late Democratic National Convention at St. Louis. Mr. Granger was a fluent, pretty speaker; in 1852-'3, partner of Judge Scott; recently can- didate for judge of the First Judicial District. General Drown lost his wife in the stranding of the steamer Independence. He died August 17, 1863, leaving a son. Hon. K. H. Dimmick, a Captain in Colonel Stevenson's regiment, had been a member of the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1849. Of the early attorneys at Los Angeles prac- ticing before the Commission were the firms of Jones, Tompkins & Strode, Scott & Granger, Ogier & Carr, J. L. Brent, Myron Norton and Ezra Drown. William Carey Jones was a son- in-law of the great Thomas H. Benton. He only remained a short time in California, and returned to Washington, D. C. Pat Tompkins was a noted and eccentric character, a man of great ability, and witiial a most humorous wit. Born in Breckenridge County, Kentucky, of the poorest of parents, he was self-educated, but not self-made, as the Creator did his best when he made Pat Tompkins. At a very early age he went to Vicksburg, Mississippi, and before coming to California he represented that State in the National Congress. He also remained in Cali- fornia but a few years. He died iiumy years ago. Jonathan II. Scott came to Los Angeles from Missouri in 1849, and remained here until he died in the '60s. Scott was a man of great physical strength, was a giant, but, mentally, was greater than physically; at the bar he was a tornado. Lewis C. Granger came frcm Ohio to Los Angeles in 1849, and remained here until 1857, when he went to Oroville, Butte County, where he resides to-day, ripe in age and full of honors well deserved. Mr. Granger was a refined, gentle, polite man, a college graduate, a fine lawyer and a most kind and generous gen- tleman. I. S. K. Ogier was a South Carolinian, who came here in 1850 or 1851. In 1854 he mar- ried a relative of the then United States Senator William M. Guinn, and was appointed judge of the United States District Court of the Southern District of California. The Judge died in San Uernardino County about 1864. His widow resides at Los Angeles at the present time. Charles Edward Carr was a Louisianian, and left Los Angeles in 1854 and never returned. He was a scholarly man, a good, jovial, gener- ous fellow, who believed strongly in the code of honor. Joseph L. Brent came from Baltimore and hung out his shingle here in 1850 or 1851. He was a man of fine ability. Brent left Los Angeles in 1862 to link his fortunes with the ■'lost cause." He won some distinction, became a Brigadier-Ge leral, and was of the trio who surrendered the last Confederate Army. The other two were Sterling Price and Simon Boli- var Buckner. The army surrendered was that of Kirby Smith to General E. R. S. Canby at New Orleans, in May, 1865. Brent now re- sides in Louisiana. Myron Norton, as good and generous a soul as ever sailed in search of the Golden Fleece, was a New Yorker, a graduate of Harvard. The day after his graduation he joined the army, went to Mexico, served on Scott's line, was present at the fall of the City of Mexico, pro- cured his discharge and returned to New York in time to join the Stevenson California regi- ment, and came here with it. He was chair- man of the judiciary committee of the first Constitutional Convention of this State, was judge of the Superior Court of San Francisco, and in 1855 was judge of Los Angeles County. The same year he was the Democratic nominee for the Supreme Court bench, but this being the Know-Nothing off year, Norton was de- UI8T0U7 OF LOS ANOELEU COUNTY. feated. This ended his political career. lie died here in 1887. General Ezra Drown came from Iowa in 1853. In that State he had been Brigadier-General of Militia. He with his wife and two children were passengers on the ill-fated steamer Inde- pendence, which was burned off the coast of Lower California in the summer of 1853 The General was a cool, brave man, and a trood lit laced wife on a hen-coop and cautioned her to keep cool and wait his re- turn. He swam ashore with the two children. He then swam oft' to the rescue of his wife. When in full view, a human wretch pushed the poor woman oft' her frail bark, and she sank to rise no more, when almost within reach of the saving hand of her husband. The heart-broken man canje to Los Angeles with his two children, one of whom now resides here, the honored son of a noble sire. Drown was a scholarly, able and most eloquent advocate. His only fault was his too great generosity. He died here in theBO's. Hon. Robert Maclay Widnky, LL. D., President of the University I'ank of Los An- geles, one of the men of mark who have planned and laid the foundation of the present prosperity and future grandeur of Southern California, is an Ohioan by birth, but in all that pertains to his active life, public and private — so fruitful in great achievements — and in patriotic loyalty, he is a Californian. He was boi-n in Piqua, Miami County, Ohio, December 23, 1838, and there passed his childhood and early yontli, en- joying such meager educational advantages as thi-ee months' attendance a year in the district school aftbrded. At the age of sixteen the ex- panding spirit of the ambitions boy ipfused to be longer confined within the narrow environ- ments of village life; and, bidding good-bye to the native roof-tree, he started to seek for knowledge and fortune in the great wild West. Two years were spent in exploring the wonders and mysteries of the Rocky Monntains, after which, in 1857, the young wanderer came to the Pacific Coast, reaching tije Sacramento Valley with §1.60 in his pofiket. Stopping nearMarys- ville for a time, he replenished his exchecqner by chopping cordwood at $1.50 per cord. Pro- ceeding thence to San Jose, lie entered the Uni- versity of the Pacific in 1858; and, defraying the expenses of living and his college course by teaching and other labor, he graduated with the honors in the class of 1863. As an indication of his proficiency in scholarship, Mr. Widney was immediately elected to a professorship in the University, and filled the chairs of mathe- matics, geology and mineralogy for two years. Then, declaring his intention to resign, the board of trustees offered him a life professorship and a choice of chairs in the institution, if he would remain, and uS soon as practicable to re- duce his labors to half-time on full salary. The board further proposed that, if he would accept a chair id" natural science, he should have a year for travel and research in Europe. But, having marked out a course for himself outside of the traveled educational grooves, in which he could work without being hampered by the dictation of others, he preferred to cai-i-y out his own ideal and tendered his resignation. Daring the last year of his stay in the Universiry Prof. Widney devoted bis spare time to the study of law, and soon after resigning completed his course of reading and was admitted to the bar. The years 1866 and 1867 he spent in Nevada in geological and mineralogical investigations. Deciding to cast his lot in Southern California, he arrived in Los Angeles in 1868, with about $100 in his pocket and the rest of his worldly possessions in a small trunk. The "Angel City" was then a crude country town, composed almost entirely of one-story adobe buildings, clustered about the plaza, with streets unpaved and ungraded. Willi the keen discernment of the born business man Mr. Widney compre- hended the situation; the soft Italian climate, the enchanting beauty and the marvelous fertil- ity of the surrounding country, only needing development to make this one of the most pro- ductive, richest and most desirable countries in the world; and saw the great advantages which would accrue to the State of his adoption by ac- ^^^y9'>iA^/^2^^ llIsn)liY OF LOS ANGEIJCS COUNTY. quaiiitiiig the outside world witli the attractions peculiar to Sonthern California. Opening a real-estate office in connection with his law office — the first in the city — he purchased print- ing material and started a weekly paper entitled the Los A.ngeles Real-Estate Advertiser^ the columns of which were devoted to his own ad- vertising, and to the discussion of tlie climate, soil, development and resources of this part ot the Golden State. It was distributed free by carrier to the guests of the hotels and elsewhere. He devoted much study to a proper system of railways to center in and radiate from Los An- geles. He also made in 1869 plans and speci- fications for the improvement of San Pedro Har- bor, which were sent to Hon. P. Baiming and Hon. V>. D. Wilson in the State Senate. These plans were submitted by these Senators to Gen- eral Alexander, and the plans and the Harbor were examined by him and the improvement re- ported feasible. The Legislature passed a joint resolution praying the United States Govern- ment that they be carried into execution. In 1872 the Southern Pacific Railroad Company oft'ered to construct its main terminal trunk line through Los Angeles in consideration of a sub- sidy. A San Diego Company also offered for the same subsidy to construct a line from Los Angeles to San Diego. The matter was sub- mitted to a vote of the people, and a hot cam- paign followed. The San Diego Company employed several of the ablest attorneys in Los Angeles City to stump the county for that com- pany, and so energetically was this done that the popular tide was almost unanimously in favor of that proposition. Up to this time Mr. Widney had taken no public part in the matter. His friends who knew his business foresight and logical ability urged him to present the matter to the voters of the county. This he did in a pamphlet, of which several thousand were is- sued, entitled " Which subsidy shall I vote for, or shall I vote agaiust both?" The pamphlet was a very able business and logical presenta- tion of a question. He showed that the taxes of the Southern Pacific (Company would be suf- ficient to pay the interest on the county bonds, which they have more than done. The pamphlet carried conviction to the voters and produced an immediate revolution in the minds of the people. The attorneys who advocated the other subsidy, admitted its arguments were unanswerable. As a result the vote was over three-fourths in favor of the subsidy to the Southern Pacific Company. The bonds were is- sued, and that corporation has more than ful- filled its promises to the people. Mr. Widney rapidly acquired a remunerative practice and rose to prominence in his profession. In 1871 he was appointed judge of the Seven- teenth Judicial District by Governor Booth to serve the unexpired term of Judge Morrison, deceased. Having made a remarkably fine record on the bench during the two j'ears of his service. Judge Widney retired to resume his law practice. From the time of his graduation at the University of the Pacific, Judge Widuej' took a vital interest in educational matters; and during his professorship in that school noted peculiarities and defects of its methods and management, which tend to circumscribe its power and usefulness as a great institution of learning. In subsequent years he gave much thought and study to the subject, and out of it was born the conception and plan of the Uni- versity of Southern California, of which he was the original projector, and has ever been one of itschief master-builders, who have laid the foun- dation broad and deep, according to the dimen- sions of his comprehensive design, for one of the grandest institutions of liberal learning in the world's history. Like the measureless ex- paiise of the pure, ocean-kissed air and the illimitable sunshine — heaven's perpetual bene- faction to this favored land of the Occident — this child and parent of education, born under these genial skies, is broader in scope and more comprehensive and far-reaching in its contem- plated possibilities than the older universities of the East. It is modeled more like the great universities of Europe, with their family of col- leges, co-operative in their work and each a unit UI8TURY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. in the grand sum total of scliolastic achievement. In another part ef this volume is given more fully the history of the University of Southern California under its appropriate heading. Suf- fice it to add in this connection that Judge Widney's first movement to put this conception into tangible form was on OTie afternoon in May, 1879, when he invited Eev. A. M. Hough to spend the evening at his jiome to listen to and consider some important matters which he — Widney — wished to present. At this meeting Judge Widney laid before Mr. Hougli the pres- ent plans fully matured in whole and in detail to see if he wished to become one of tiie trustees. This meeting was followed by otiiers mi which Hon. E. F. Spence, Dr. J. P. Widney, Rev. M. M. Eovard, D. D., and G. P. Compton were present. These persons accepted trusteeships in the proposed plan. Quickly following coun- sel and deliberation came action; and in the fall of 1880 the doors of the first frame building were opened for students, with Pev. M. M. Bovard as President of the University. The growth of the institution has been phenomenal. Six colleges are now open and engaged in edu- cational work in different centers of population in Southern California, and more are to follow as members of the great family which constitutes the University. The value of the University property has increased by successive munificent contributions to about |)2,000,000, Judge Wid- ney having given lands from which will be realized $300,000, to the support of his edu- cational child. These funds of the University are so invested as to produce a permanent in- come that shall be ever increasing. In 1887 Judge Widney organized the University Bank of Los Angeles, of which he is president. About four years ago, owing to the accumulation of numerous large interests demanding his atten- tion, the Judge abandoned his law practice and gives his entire time and remarkable executive ability to the Bank of the University, and his extensive financial investments and real-estate enter])rises. Among the latter are the San Fer- nando Land and Water Company, and the Hes- peria Syndicate, whose holdings embrace 50,000 acres of choice lands in Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties, valued at $3,000,000. Large sums of money have been expended by these companies to bring water on to their lands and otherwise imjirove them for actual settle- ment and cultivation. Judge AVidney is a large owner and has been the directing spirit in these enterprises. Being an expert geologist and topographical engineer, he prepared the plans and superin- tended the construction of large reservoirs, blasting out waterways, laying miles of great steel water mains, and other works involving ditficult feats of engineering. In 1871 oc- curred the great Chinese riots in Los Angeles. A mob of hundreds of the lowest classes of tiie population collected, and completely overawing the police and the sheritf's forces, broke into the Ciiinese quarters and proceeded to hang the Chinese wholesale. When the subject of this memoir was returning to his office-work about 8 p. M. he was first informed of the riot. Pro- ceeding to the scene he tried to rally the police force; failing in this and seeing that a general massacre ot the Chinese was planned, some fifteen having already been hanged, he called upon the bystanders to aid him in stopping the deadly work. John Lararovich and several others replied they would follow if he would lead, which he at once did. Except himself the rescuers were unarmed. The rioters were all armed with revolvers and guns, with which they boldly threatened to shoot any one who inter- fered. In quick succession Judge Widney seized each rioter, and with one hand jerked him loose from his Chinese victim and placing his cocked revolver to the rioter's face exclaimed, "Get out or I will kill you," and sent him from the scene of action. In this way each Chinaman was rescued. The rioters collected in a group and hastily consulted, and forming in line, with cocked revolvers charged down to recapture the Chinese, swearing death to any one interfering. Alone Judge W^idney stood in Spring street between this enraged iiitn'onr OF wti anokleu county. cliarging mob and the fleeing Chinamen, and as the rioters came near he swept the line from right to left with his revolver,and in determined, chilling words sang out, " I will kill the lirst man that passes." There was no mistaking that death was in the tones and looks; the line wavered, halted, broke and fled. The riot was ended. History furnishes few instances where the cool, deliberate courage of one man broke and dispersed a riot in its mad career after it had tasted blood, as in this case. It shows the power of the human will over others when it has made its final decision to do or die. In 1876 Judge Widney was employed to defend a large number of settlers who had title to lands under the State school land act. Tiiese titles had been thrown into litigation by a recent de- cision of the Secretary of the Interior, lie (Widnej') at once saw that only an act of Con- gress could quiet these titles and save a score of years of litigation. He drew a bill, subse- quently known as the Booth Bill, and had it introduced into both houses of Congress. At once the land sharks spotted the bill and organ- ized to defeat it. The acting commissioner of the General Land Ofiice at Washington resigned his position and joined the leading firm of lawyers opposing the bill. A prize amounting to mill- ions of dollars was at stake if the bill could be defeated. Judge Widney met them in argu- ment before the Senatorial and House Commit- tees on Public Lands, before the California del- egation, before the Commissioner of the Land OfKce, and the Secretary of the Interior, re- ceiving the unanimous support and approval of each body. The contest became bitter; the opposition prepared elaborate arguments which they printed by thousands of copies, in pam- phlet form, and placed a c<>i)y in the hands of each member of Congress. To these Judge Widney replied by pamphlet. Several replies and counter-replies followed each other in quick succession, and then the whole case was argued before the Senate and House. The opposition tried a flank movement and went before the (California Land Coinmissioiior at Saeratnento, and by ex-parte argument and showing secured the telegraphing to Congress a vigorous pro- test from the commission. The bill was considered killed. Judge Widney hastened to Sacramento and asked Governor Irwin to call the commissioners together by telegram. The Governor complied, but expressed the opinion that it would be impossible to change their position. For five consecutive hours Judge Widney argued and analyzed the case before them, making one of the ablest legal addresses ever delivered in this State, citing from memory the substance of the different acts of Congress, of the State Legislature, the various decisions of California Supreme Court, and the United States Supreme Court bearing upon this class of land titles. At the close of the argument the commissioners decided they had made a mistake in opposing the bill, and telegraphed the opposition to appear before them in San Francisco the next day and be heard before they took action in the matter. The Sacramento Record- ?77iio7i devoted a full page of itsnextissue to publishing Judge Widney's address. After hearing the question re-argued in San Francisco, the Commissioners immediately telegraphed Congress that they withdrew all opposition to the bill, and urged the passage of a still more radical bill. Seldom has such a complete orator- ical victory been wrung from such circum- stances. Judge Widney proceeded at once to Washington, and in spite of the near approacii of the close of the session of Congress, the Hayes-Tilden contest before the Electoral Com- mission, the desperate fight of the opposition, and other difliculties, any one of which would have discouraged most men, he succeeded in introducing his bill out of its regular order, secured the unanimous vote of botli House and Senate, and the approving signature of Presi- dent Grant, the bill becoming a law of the United States on March 1, 1877, under the title of "An Act lielating to Indemnity School Sections in the State of California." Judge Widney's speeches and library work on tliis hill are bound in scrap-book form and make a vol- 1G6 EISTOBT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. nine of about 800 octavo pages. The power of his argumentative logic, which lias induced the State Supreme Court in a number of instances to reverse its decisions, and liis acknowledged ability as a land lawyer, speak more than vol- umes of eulogy for Judge Widney's legal at- tainments and skill. He has been a constant and able writer for tlie press for over twenty years; and many of liis articles on Soutliern .California have been republislied extensively in the newspapers of this country, and some of them translated and published in European journals. His work entitled "The Plan of Creation" has received high encomiums and is a masterly theological and scientific production. The franchises for the first two street railroads built in Los Angeles were granted to Judge Widney, and the lines were constructed and put in successful operation by him in 1874. He invented and copyrighted a system of books for abstracts of titles, the right of which for the Pacific States was purchased by A. L. Bancroft & Co. The Judge has also been active in church work. The origin and completion of the Fort Street Methodist Episcopal Church of Los An- geles is largely due to his energy; and for the first six years of its existence he was super- intendent of its Sunday-school. The Hope Street Methodist Episcopal Church is chiefly due to his eflforts, he paying nearly half the entire cost of that elegant edifice. Plis ability as an organizer and executive has re- cently been handsomely recognized by tiie Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church selecting and appointing him — without iiis knowledge — one of fourteen in the United States to act as a committee to frame a consti- tution for the government of the great Quad- rennial Council of that denomination. Not- withstanding repeated offers of nomination for Congressional and lesser political honors, Judge Widney has strenuously refused to enter poli- tics, preferring to work in lines more directly beneficial to his I'ellow men. He is zealously loyal to the interests of Southern California and never falters in pushing its interests. Judge Widney is unswerving in his devotion to his convictions of right; aiid in the execution of his purposes liis tremendous energy, fertility of resource, and resistless will power, brush aside all obstacles. In 1888 the degree of LL. D. was conferred on Judge Widney by his alma muter, he being the only person upon whom that honor has been bestowed by the University of the Pacific. In 1868 he united in marriage with Miss Mary Barnes, a native of Illinois, who came to California in 1856. They have had five children: Mary Helen, eighteen years of age; liobert Johnston, seventeen, teller in the University Bank ; Martha Frances, fifteen ; Joseph Wilson, deceased; and Arthur Barnes Widney, five years old. Judge AV. P. Wade, of Los Angeles City, a native of Crawfordsville, Indiana, was l)orn January 31, 1839, and is a son of Isaac F. and Alethea (Heaton) Wade. The father is a mar- ble dealer by occupation, but now advanced in years. The mother is deceased. Judge Wade is the fourth of a family of eight children. He received a liberal education in the excellent public schools of the Iloosier State, and learned the printer's trade at Davenport, Iowa. He was evidently not satisfied with his choice of an oc- cupation and he took up the study of law in the otfice of Hon. John W. Thompson, of that city. This was about the time of the opening of the Rebellion and he promptly enlisted for the defei se of the Union April 2, 1861, in the Second Regiment Iowa Infantry. He served fourteen months, when having received a severe wound in the battle at Fort Donelson he was honorably discliarged from the service. He had become so thoroughly imbued with the vigorous and yet exquisite logic of the law that he studi- ously devoted liis leisure moments while in the army to its study, enthusiastically resumed the same upon his return home and was admitted to practice by Hon. John F. Dillon, Judge of the District Court at Davenport, in 1863. He practiced his profession in that city one year and then went South, where he was connected with the United States Civil Service until 1867. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. He practiced law in Kansas City from 1867 to 1876, and tiien in St. Louis, Missouri, until 1880. Judge "Wade is a profound student of tlie law and is possessed of a quick perception of the principle of justice. lie is the author of various valuable legal works, and while in St. Louis he wrote his first book, "Wade on the Law of Notice;" also "Retroactive Laws." In the spring of 1880 he went t.) Leadville, Colorado, and there remained until August, 1S84-. While tliere lie produced a snuill work on "American Mining Law," after which he spent a few months in San Francisco, and there brought out "Wade on Attachment." In October, 1885, Judge Wade came to Los Angeles and practiced his profession until called to preside over Department Three of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. As a citizen and jurist Judge Wade has the profound respect of the community, and is honored by the profession as a man of strict judicial in- tegrity. He is a gentleman of quiet demeanor and uniform courtesy. Judge AVade married in 1869, at Lawrence, Kansas, Miss Amelia, daugh ter of Alpheus Britt, of Orleans County, New York, a merchant, now deceased. Hon. Walter Van Dyke, Judge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles, was born Octo- ber 3, 1823, ill Tyre, Seneca County, New York, being the third of the seven children of Martin and Irene (Brockway) Van Dyke. As indicated by the name, he is of Dutch descent, the Van Dykes being among the early settlers of New Netherlands. His father was born in New Jersey about 1790, but the family moved into New York State before his marriage. He was a farmer and died in 1837. At seventeen Mr. Van Dyke went to Madison County, New York, locating at a little town called Earlville, with his brother-in-law, where he went to a select school, and subsequently entered an academy at Clinton, Oneida County. He taught school at intervals in that neighborhood and afterward in Wayne (Jounty, pursuing his studies in the meantime. In 184G he moved to Cleveland. Ohio, and taught school for a time in the neighborhood, but later in the year he entered the law office of S. B. & F. J. Pren- tiss, of that city, and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Ohio, in 1848. He opened an office and practiced law for a short time, when he was struck with the gold fever and became one of a company made up in May, 1849, and started for California by way of Chicago and the overland route. On the trip he corresponded with the Cleve- land papers, his tirst letter being dated Chicago, June 5, 1849. In a letter from Salt Lake of October 10, he gave a remarkably close forecast of the route afterward followed by the Union Pacific Railroad, and while fully recognizing the obstacles, among others the absence of avail- able timber and the engineering difficulties, he had faith that "with abundant capital Yankee ingenuity would overcome all obstacles." While in Salt Lake he wrote numerous letters descrip- tive of the Mormons, and remarkable for the analysis of the characteristics of that peculiar people. The series of letters gave a full and graphic description of the route followed, and showed great powers of observation and reflec- tion. It was judged to be too late in the season to pass into California by the Sierra Nevadas, and after a stay of several weeks at Salt Lake the Cleveland party joined a large train of Mis- souri traders who were going by the Southern, or old Santa Fe and Los Angeles route. The company was headed by two brothers who had sold out their stock of goods in Salt Lake. Be- fore they reached California it became necessary that a party should push ahead for relief, and Mr. Van Dyke was one of the twelve volunteers. Without food even these vigorous pioneers were nearly famished when they entered Southern California by the Cajon Pass. But the hospit- able rancheros had abundance of food and their most pressing wants were soon supplied. After stopping a few weeks at Los Angeles Mr. Van Dyke and others went on to San Francisco on a Government transport from San Pedro, in Janu- ary or February, 1850. Longing for tin; mining ('ountry, Mr. Yan Dyke soon pushed on to the American River. UISTORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. In the spring, and summer of 1850 he was engaged with some Ohioans in mining on the north fork of the American River with moder- ate success, and in the fall returned to San Francisco. In Kovember lie was one of a com- pany who went up the coast to start a town on the Klamath River, hut their vessel was totally wrecked at the mouth of the river, and they es- caped with their lives by the aid of the Indians, before the vessel went to pieces. In 1851 he had an interest in the Gold Bluff mines, but soon sold out and went to the town of Trinidad and settled down to the practice of his profes- sion. Upon the organization of Klamath County, in June, 1851, he was elected district attorney. In the fall of 1852 he was elected to the Assem- bly on tiie Whig ticket. When the county of Humboldt was organized in 1853 he moved there, being appointed a commissioner for that county to adjust the debt with Trinity County, from which it had been detached. He was elected district attorney for the county the next year. In September of that year, 1854, he married in the town of Areata, Ilumlioldt County, where he then resided. Mr. Yan Dyke, in addition to his professional work, entered the field of journalism, editing and publishing the Uumhohlt Times for a num- -ber of years. In 1861, at the breaking out of the Rebellion, he announced himself as a " Union" candidate for the State Senate fi-om his district, and was elected after a very close and bitter contest, during which time himself and opponent canvassed the whole district on the war issue, or sustaining the Government. In the Legislature of 1862 there were three parties — Republicans, Union Democrats, and Secession or Southei-n Democrats. There were resolutions introduced by all three parties, and Mr. Van Dyke introduced as a substitute a series of Union resolutions without regard to previous issues or parties, simply pledging the State to stand by and assist the General Govern- ment and President Lincoln in suppressing the Rebellion. After a protracted debate these were adopted by the co-operation of the Republicans and Union Democrats. The ensuing summer a convention was called in which these two parties combined to form the Union Republican party. Mr. Yan Dyke was elected its president, and the superintendent of public instruction, the only candidate there was occasion to nominate, was elected by a large majoiity. In 1863 Mr. Yan Dyke was chairman of the judiciary com- mittee of the Senate, and that being the tirst session after the adoption of the amendments to the old constitution an unusual amount of work fell to that committee in adjusting the laws to tlie amended constitution. In the Republican State Convention of 1863 Mr. Yan Dyke was presented as a candidate for supreme judge, but lacked a few votes of getting the nomination. He was afterward nominated for district judge of the Eighth or Humboldt District, but de- clined on account of having made arrangements to move to San Francisco. At the ceremony of breaking ground for the Central I'acific at Sac- ramento, in the winter of 1863, Mr. Yan Dyke was one of the speakers. He practiced his profession for many years in San Francisco, residing in Oakland. From 1869 to 1872 he was chairman of the Republican State Central Committee and took part in can- vassing the State as a speaker. In 1873 he was appointed United States Attorney for the district of California, but resigned in 1876. He was then appointed special attorney for the United States in certain important land cases. In 1878 he delivered a lecture at Oakland on constitutifiual reform, and when the movement to that end assumed definite shape he was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention of that year, being one of the thirty-two delegates at large, and having received the third largest vote cast for such delegate. He was chairman of the Bill of Rights Committee. In 1885 he came to Los Angeles, buying the interest of Judge Brunson in the law firm of Wells, Brunson & Lee. Among the public benefits derived from his residence here it may be safely said that it is to his judgment and HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. skill as the agent of Seiiator Jones that this county is indebted for securing the location of the Soldiers' Home at Santa JUonica. In the last general election, November 6, 1888, he was elected a judge of the Superior Court for six years, by the largest vote cast for any county candidate. Before a jury he is earnest and im- pressive, and while he is a sound and laborious lawyer he is by no means a mere lawyer. He is a man of culture as well, disposed to be not only just but even generous in his dealings, and honorable under all circumstances. The earnest activity in the pursuit of laudable success through his personal efforts has characterized his whole career. It has often been remarked that his personal friends are quite as numerous among political opponents as in the ranks of his own party. His splieres of action have been widely different, but in all of them he has shown mental and moral capabilities of a high order. Self-reliant, energetic, conscientious and honor- able, he has won his way to high honor by worthy methods, which, is the best evidence of ability and character. Mr. Van Dyke is a life-member of the Society of California Pioneers, is a Royal Arch Mason, and Past Master of Humboldt Lodge, No. 79. Hon. Wili.i.\m A. Cheney, a judge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, was born February 18, 1848, in the city of Boston, Massachusetts. His father, Benjamin F., achieved no marked distinction in life except that which constitutes the highest and noblest of all, and which, fortunate for the race, is so often attained that it attracts no special attention, a well-spent life devoted to the welfare of his family and the discharge of every public and private duty. The Judge's mother was of the Whitney family, and his maternal grandmother was a Stearns, both being tiames that have won more or less distinction in the annals of Massa- chusetts. Mr. Cheney's early education in the excellent public schools of his native State was supplemented by an academic course in one of the local institutions of that grade. At the age of nineteen he felt equal to engaging in the battle of life on his own account, and had the courage to strike out for California, arriving in 1867 by the Panama route. In 1871 he was married to Miss Annie E. Skinner, of New Haven, Connecticui. They have one child, Harvey D., born in 1872. After his return to California Mr. Cheney spent sev- eral years in various temporary pursuits. Hav- ing meanwhile gained a fair knowledge of law he was admitted to the bar in 1878, and then entered on iiis chosen career. He was elected the same year to the office of county judge of Plumas County and held that position until elected State Senator in 1880, State Senator for his district — Butte, Plumas and Lassen counties. Aside from the discharge of his official duties he was law partner of Creed Hammond in Sacramento. Before the expiration of his term as Senator he moved to Los Angeles in 1882, and took up the practice of his profession in this growing metropolis. He was elected a member of the school board for one term; and in 1884 was elected to the .bench of the Superior Court, a position he still holds to the great satisfaction of the public as well as of the bench and bar of Los Angeles. In his administration of the criminal law, for which department he was selected by the judg- ment of his associates of the Superior Court, and for which his deep moral sense specially quali- fies him, an earnest desire to temper the severity of the sentence with snch measure of mercy as he thinks benefits the individual case is never absent. While inflicting the necessary penalty of transgression he seeks to foster and encourage whatever impulse toward virtue may still linger in the heart of the criminal. He habitually recognizes that in the violator of law there may be hidden the germs of redeemable manhood. No biographical sketch of Judge Cheney would be complete without a reference to his ability as an orator and public speaker, so often attested in his criminal practice at the bar before his elevation to the bench, and to his successful achievements on the platform on HISTORY OF LOS ANGELKS COUNTY great occasions, whicli place him at once in the front rank of public speakers of the day. Hon. James W. McKinley, Superior Judge and one of the youngest men on the California bench, was born in Newcastle, Pennsylvania, on the 24th of April, 1857. He graduated in the literary departnent of Michigan University in 1879; read law in his native town and was ad- mitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1881. After two years' prac- tice in Newcastle Mr. McKinley came to Cali- fornia, reaching Los Angeles in April, 1883, and immediately started into the practice of his profession, as a partner with W. T. Williams, under the firm name of Williams & McKinley. The firm enjoyed a very busy practice and was considered one of the strongest in the Los An- geles bar. In December, 1884, Mr. McKinley was elected to the office of city attorney for two years; and, at the close of the term, declined a renomination for the office. On the creation, by the Legislature at its. last session, of two new departments in the Superior Court of Los An- geles County, increasing the number from four to six, there were four or five candidates for the new judgesiiip. At a meeting of the bar, called for the purpose of deciding what candidates to' recommend for appointment, Mr. McKinley re- ceived ninety-seven out of 119 votes cast by that body; and his uame being sent in as their choice, Governor Waterman appointed hi-m Superior Judge, dating his commission on March 11, 1889. Judge Shaw was recommended and re- ceived the appointment as his colleague. Judge McKinley qualified for the office on March 16, and took his seat on the bench the following week. His fine judicial record is fully justify- ing the action of his brethren of the bar in rec- ommending his appointment. In the fall of 1886 Judge McKinley returned East, and in October married Miss Lillian Elder, a former school companion, and Tiative of New- castle, Pennsylvania. Hon. William Hovey Claek, one of the Su- perior Judges of Los Angeles County, is prob- ably the youngest man on the bench of California, and probably in the United States. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in March, 1869, and was educated for his profession in that city, graduated from the Boston Law School, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Massachusetts in September, 1881, soon after his twenty-first birthday. Locating in his native city, he practiced there and in Barubtable County until the fall of 1884, when he came to Cali- fornia, mainly for the restoration of his health, which was somewhat impaired. Reaching Los Angeles in October of that year, and being favorably impressed with the city and climate, Mr. Clark soon after entered into a law partner- ship with Hon. A. W. Hutton and H. M. Smith, under the firm title of Smith, Hutton & Clark. He practiced as a member of the firm, which did a large business and was one of the most prominent in the county, until he was elected to the Superior Bench in November, 1888; and was also appointed by Governor Bavtlet to fill the une.\pired term of Judge A. Brunson, re- signed. He took his seat on the Superior Bench in December, 1888, being but a few months past twenty-eiglit years of age. Judge Clark is held in high esteem by his brethren of the bar, both as a gentleman and a judge; and is regarded as possessing a clear, well-poised judicial mind. Hon. Albert M. Stephens. This gentleman is a native of Tennessee, and is forty-three years of age. He studied law at the University of Mississippi and at Lebanon, Tennessee; was ad- mitted to the bar in 1868; practiced in Mem., phis, Tennessee, six years; filled the office of district attorney in that State four years. In 1874 he came to Los Angeles, and continued active in his profession. In 1877 was elected county judge and served during 1878 and 1879, when the new State constitution abolished that office. Judge Stephens is serving his second term as president of the Los Angeles Bar As- sociation, and is also president of the Los An- geles Law Library. He is held in high esteem by his professional brethren, both as a lawyer and a gentleman. dl HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES GOUNTT. John D. Bicknell was born in Chittenden County, Vermont, in June, 1838. In his early childhood his parents moved to the then new J^crthwest and settled in Jelierson County, State of AVisconsin, where lie was educated in the public schools; also, attended an academy known as the AlI)ion Academy, in the State of Wisconsin, and was for sometime at the West- ern Reserve Seminary in Trumbull County Ohio. He completed his studies in the Wis consin State University. In the spring of 1859 his health failing him in school, he wont South and remained about a year in lh)ward County^ Missouri. Ilis health not being benefited in Missouri he determined to try the Pacific Coast, and in April, 1860, he started with a train of emigrants across the plains for California. Early upon the trip he was chosen to take charge of the train, which consisted of forty wagons, carrying about eighty men, several families, and accompanied by about three thou- sand head of stock. To understand the magni- tude of this journey it must be remembered that at that time there was not a home or any signs of civilization between Topeka, Kansas, and Carson's Valley, Nevada, on the line of the route taken by this train, which was then known as the Lander's Cut Of}', which was by the way of Fort Hall and Snake River. This was the year of the Sioux war (so called), and the In- dians were hostile all along the route, and all emigrants that year suffered more or less. from hostile Indians, and the train, of which the sub- ject of this sketch had command, was no e.\ception in that particular. The train sufJ'ered particularly from attacks made by the tribe of Indians known as the Bannocks. It is difficult now to understand or appreciate the hardships, trials and difficulties attending a trip in the early days across the plains, especially when added to the necessary hardships attending such atrip the emigrants had also to contend with hos- tile Indians. It must be remembered that a train of emigrants was a body of men unused to anything like military discipline and endowed with the spirit of independence and determi- nation so characteristic of the pioneer of that time. Every emigrant knew that his life and his property was in constant danger, and it re- quired of the person in charge of such a body of men under such circumstances untiring dili- gence, and to hold such a body of men together and to subject them to complete control required determination and bravery. It takes a man of marked individuality and unquestioned bravery to control men in times of danger, and to re- ceive voluntarily from brave and desperate men their obedience in times of peril. It is enough for the purposes of this sketch to say that Mr. Bicknell had control of the train from the Mis- souri River to Sacramento; that he brought it through to California without the loss of a single man, although the train suffered consid- erably from the loss of stock. Mr. Bicknell re- mained on the Pacific Coast until the fall of 1863, spending his time in the mountains of California and Oregon, Washington and Idaho Territories. He then returned to the State of Wisconsin, being much improved in health, and re-entered the State University at Madison and remained there until he entered the law office of II. W. et D. K. Tenney at Madison, Wis- co7isin. In January, 1866, he was admitted by the Supreme Court of the State of Wisconsin to practice law in all of the courts of that State; after which tiniQ he spent a year traveling through the Southern States, and finally located and commenced the practice of law in the town of Greenfield, Dade County, State of Missouri. He remained there enjoying a large and lucra- tive practice, extending over several counties of Southwestern Missouri, until, finding it necessary to make a change of climate, owing to asth- matic difficulties, he returned to California, having before enjoyed entire relief from this complaint on the Pacific Coast, and located in the spring of 1872 in the city of Los Angeles, where he has remained ever since. Shortly after his location in Los Angeles he formed a co-part- nership with S. M. White, the firm being known as Bicknell & White, which co-partnership ex- isted until January 1, 1888. This firm did a HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. large and prosperous business, and it is not too much to say ranked amonu; the leading law lirnis of California. Mr. Bicknell is now (1889), and has been for some years past, the attorney for the Southern Paciiio Railroad Company, and is the recognized legal counsel and adviser of that great corporation in Soutliern California. He is president of the Abstract and Title Insurance Company of Los Angeles, and vice-president of the First National Bank of Los Angeles. He was for seven years Commander of the Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 9, at Los Angeles. As an attorney he has a large and lucrative practice and enjoys the confidence of his clients and the community; as a business man he has amassed a liberal fortune and is ranked among the solid men of the community. Mr. Bicknell has been twice married, his first wife being a Miss Hatch, of Chittenden County, Vermont, who died shortly after their marriage. His present wife was a daughter of Mr. Alexander M. Christian, formerly of Todd County, Kentucky, whom he married in Missouri. He has by his second wife two children, daughters, named Mary and Edna. Although Mr. Bicknell has maintained for many years a first place at the bar of Los An- geles County by virtue of his profound legal at- tainments and his high standard of integrity and honor, always an acknowledged leader in a legal coterie of far more than ordinary caliber, yet it is characteristic of his unassuming nature that all of his successes in law and finance have a second ])lace in his estimation, and the emi- nent counselor, banker and financier turns with fondest memories to those early years when he brought his train of pioneers in safety through the perils and hardships of the overland route. Hon. Stepuen M. Wuite, a leading member of the bar of Los Angeles County, an influential citizen and acting Lieutenant-Governor of Cali- fornia, is a native of San Francisco, and was born January 19, 1853. He is a son of Wm. F. and Fannie J. (Russell) "White, both of whom are of Irish nativity. The former came to this country with his i)arents when about four years of age. Mrs. White, who was early left an orphan, was brought to Florida while a small child and was raised by her cousin, Stephen R. Mallory, who represented that State in the United States Senate, and was a member of the Confederate Cal)inet. Wm. F. White grew to manhood in Western New York, b'^came pub- lisher of a weekly newspaper in tlie city of New York, later an employe in the United States Custom House, in that city. He was married in Savannah, Georgia, having met his wife while she was receiving her education in New York, and came to San Francisco in 1849, where he became prominent in business circles and in the political afi^airs of the State. He is now a resident of East Oakland. Stephen M. White was given a thorough schooling and was graduated from Santa Clara College in June, 1871. He then read law in the oflice of Hon. A. W. Blair, of Watsonville, and later, in the office of C. B. Younger and Judge Hagan, of Santa Cruz. He was admitted to the bar at a session of the Supreme Court of this State in April, 1874, and at once removeil to Los Angeles, where he has assiduously devoted his energies to the practice of his chosen profession. He was elected in 1882 as a Democrat district attorney of Los Angeles County, by a large majority, and declined a renomination. In 188(3 he was elected State Senator by a light majority, the district at that time having a comfortable majority of voting Republicans. When the State Senate convened, he was promptly chosen its president pro tern, and in consequence of the death of Governor Bartlett, Lieutenant-Governor Waterman be- came Chief Executive of California, and Senator White was for the second time elected presi- dent p>>'0 t^'^'^ of t^ic Senate, and thus became the presiding ofliccr of that body and acting Lieutenant-Governor of the State. Governor White was a delegate to the State Democratic Convention in 1882. He presided over the de- liberations of the Stockton Convention in 1884, and later was chairman of the State Democratic Convention in 1886, and was chosen a delegate HISTOUV UF LOS .WOELES COUNTY. 173 at large from California to the Democratic National Convention at St. Louis, in 1888, and was elected temporary chairman of that distin- guished body, over which he presided with dignity, promptness and precision. He was one of the three counsel selected by the Legis- lature of California to maintain the Scott Exclusion Act before the Supreme Court of the United States. This duty was performed, and the decision tiled in the Chae Chan Ping case terminated the controversy in accordance with the unanimous wishes of the people of t!ie Western Coast. In his domestic relations Mr. White has been as deservedly fortunate as in those distinguish- ing him at the bar and in public life. On the 5th of June, 1883, lie married, at the cathedral of Los Angeles, Miss Ilortense Sacriste, an estimable lady of Los Angeles, of French de- scent. They have three children — a son and two daughters. Tnos[AS Mitchell, of the law firm of Ilaynes & Mitchell, was born in Piiiladelpliia, April 17, 1845; entered the University of Penns3'lvaiiia in 1861; left in 1864 and entered the army as Second Lieutenant; served with the Army of the Potomac until the end of the war, most of the time as Acting Assistant Adjutant General of the First Brigade, First Division, Fifth Army Corps, on the staif of General L L. Chamber- lain; was mustered out as Captain in June, 1865, and entered the law othce of Henry Wharton, Esq.; graduated as Bachelor of Law at the University of Pennsylvania, and was ad- mitted to practice in September, 1867. He removed to Colorado in 1877, and in 1880 was appointed by Governor Pitkin judge of the First Judicial District to succeed Beck, who was elected to the Supreme Court. The latter part of 1882 he removed to Arizona to take charge of the business of the Tombstone Mill & Mining Company, then involved in heavy liti- gation, remaining there until the early part of 1887. Judge Mitchell then came to Los Angeles. He is one of the original members of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, being No. 16 on the roll of mem- bers of that order. He is a member of the John A. Logan Post, G. A. B., and one of its trustees, and is Judge Advocate of the Depart- ment of California G. A. R. Hon. John Haynp:s was educated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, studied law at Zanes- ville, Ohio, and was admitted in the Supreme Court of that State April 6, 1856, and practiced at Zanesville until 1867. During that time he served six years as prosecuting attorney. In 1867 lie removed to Michigan, and practiced law at Ba}' City until March, 1876, and was a member of the State Legislature in 1871. Li March, 1876, he removed to San Fran- cisco on account of ill-health, and practiced there until August, 1879, when, finding a change of climate necessary, he removed to Tucson, Arizona, and continued practice in that Terri- tory, serving also in the Territorial Legislature of 1881. Li 1885 Mr. Haynes was commis- sioned as judge of the County Court of Pima County (a court of general jurisdiction), but immediately i-esigned. In October, 1886, Judge Haynes formed a co-partnership with Hon. Thomas Mitchell, and soon thereafter opened an office in Los Angeles, where the firm still continues to practice. During his practice in Arizona he represented the Copper Queen Mining Company, the Atchi- son, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company, and other corporations. Geouge J. Denis, United States Attorney for Southern California, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, June 20, 1859, of French parents on his father's side, and Pennsylvania ancestry on his mother's side. His father's great-grand- father, the Marquis de Lassus, was the French Governor of Louisiana when that Territory extended from the British North American provinces to the Gulf of Mexico. His great- grandfather was the second Governor of Louisi- ana. His mother's great-great-grandfather was the second mayor of the city of Philadelphia. Young Denis was brought up in France to the age of twelve years; entered Washington and UISTOUy OF LOS ANGELES COUNT V. Lee University at Lexington, Virginia, in tlie fall of 1874. He took the degree of Baclielor of Arts, June 20, 1878; gradnated from the Law School of the University of Louisiana, at ]^ew Orleans, May 8, 1880, and was at once admitted to practice in the Supreme and all other courts of Louisiana. He practiced two years at the New Orleans bar before coming to California in July, 1882. Upon arriving in Los Angeles he was employed as a reporter on the Los Angeles Thnes, then in tlie same capacity on the Los Angeles Herald for over a year. On May 14, 1884, he took editorial con- trol and management of the Los Kn^eXe^ Even- ing Express, wliicli paper lie edited until the end of that year. In January, 1885, Mr. Denis resumed the practice of the law, and in Febru- ary, 1886, was appointed deputy district at- torney; afterward assistant district attorney for Los Angeles County, and on April 2, 1888„ he was appointed by President Cleveland United States Attorney for the Southern District of California, his nomination being confirmed by the Senate on the 24th of the same month. He took the oath and assumed the duties of the ofKce on the 8th of May, 1888. Henry A. Barclay, of the law firm of Bar- clay, Wilson & Carpenter, is the son of David Barclay, a distinguished lawyer of Western Pennsylvania, and was born in that State in 1849. Possessing a natural taste and talent for mathematics, he turned his attention in youth to the study of surveying and civil engineering and devoted some time to railroad surveying. Residing in the vicinity of the oil regions during the great development of that interest in West- ern Pennsylvania, Mr. Barclay engaged in oil business, and also turned his m.athematical talent to account as ganger of oil tanks and cars; and his business increased to such an ex- tent that for some time he gauged nearly half the oil produced in the United States, averaging at times several hundred dollars a day. This business declining, he left it in the hands of his brother, and read law in his father's office, and was admitted to practice in 1871. After practicing his profession in Armstrong and Clarion counties about a year, he moved to Pittsburg and continued the practice of law in that city until he came to California in 1874. Traveling extensively over the State, he selected Los Angeles as the best point outside of San Francisco in which to reside and practice his profession. He settled in Los Angeles in 1874 and opened a law otKce in 1875. The following year Mr. Barclay formed a partnership with Pobert C. Wilson, one of the members of the present iirm, under the firm name and style of Barclay & Wilson. In 1886 C. K. Redick came into the firm, but ill-health compelled him to retire in 1887, and ex-Judge R. B. Carpenter, late of Charleston, South Carolina, became a member of the firm. Mr. Barclay has a fine reputation as a lawyer, and the firm has a large practice in the line of civil causes, an important feature of which is land law, embracing Spanish and Mexican grants, and the United States land laws, corporations' and mechanics' liens, and civil business generally. Politically Mr. Bar- clay is a stanch Republican, has been a mem- ber of the County Central Committee in several campaigns, and has twice served as chairman of that body. He was acting chairman during the Gariield- Hancock campaign in 1880, when Los Angeles County was carried for Garfield by sixty majority, being Republican for the first time in its history; was chairman of the com- mittee in the campaign of 1884, when the county was carried by a mnch larger majority for Mr. Blaine; has also participated in several State conventions. Julius Beousseau. Wherever on this conti- nent the realm of mind dominates and dii-ects the affairs of men, the representatives of New England and New York will be found in the front. The learned professions of Southern California are no exception to this rule. Promi- nent among the members of the bar of Los Angeles County is Julius Brousseau-, a native of the Empire State, born in Malone, Franklin County. He is the eldest of five children — two sons and three daughters — of Julius Brousseau llltiTOHY UF LOS AJSUELEU COUNTY. and nee Marienne Jarvis, both of French nation- ality, and now residents of Los Angeles County, each being seventy-six years of age. When Mr. Bronsseau was two years old his parents moved to Monroe County, New York, and there the succeeding twenty-three years of his life were passed. His literary education was obtained in the public schools and in Lima Seminary. Like many other young men of limited means who have fought life's battle successfully, Mr. Brous- seau started out by teaching school, in which he was engaged about eight or nine years. On leaving his native State, he went to Michigan, and read law in the office of Hon. William New- ton, District Judge, in the city of Flint, that State. Being admitted to the bar of the Su- preme Court of Michigan in the fall of 1861, Mr. Brousseau commenced the practice of law in F.int. Two years later he moved to the city of Saginaw, and there conducted a large arid successful legal business till his failing health compelled a change of location in the spring of 1870. While in Saginaw he served two terms of two years each as city attorney. Removing to Kankakee, Illinois, he there enjoyed a suc- cessful professional career of neai-ly seven years, when the delicate health of his family demanded another change of climate; and, resigning the office of city attorney, in which he was serving his second term, he started with his family, early in January, 1877, for California. Arriving in Los Angeles the 16th of that month, they have since made that city their home. Shortly after settling here Mr. Bronsseau entered into a law partnership with Judge Volney E. Howard and his son, Frank Howard, under the firnistyleof Howard, Brousseau & Howard, which continued until Judge Howard went on the bench three years after. In 1880 Mr. Brousseau removed his office into the Baker Block and practiced alone until May, 1886, when Judge David P. Hatch moved down from Santa Barbara and the present firm of Brousseau & Hatch was formed, the firm being one of the ablest on this part of the Pa- cific Coast. This firm has had a very large civil practice in the State and the United States courts, and have all the partners and two or three assistants can attend to. In Michigan Mr. Brousseau did considerable criminal practice, and became quite celebrated locally for his elo- quence and ability as a trial lawyer in criminal cases; but, finding that branch of practice not agreeable to his taste or wishes, he entirely abandoned criminal practice on leaving there. In the fall of 1860 Mr. Brousseau married Miss Carrie Yakeley in Ypsilanti, Michigan. She is a native of Seneca County, New York, of Ger- man parentage on her mother's side and English o I her father's side. Mr. and Mrs. Brousseau have four children — two sons and two daughters — ranging in age from twenty-six to thirteen years. Miss Kate, the eldest child, after gradu- ating from the State Normal School, spent a year and a half in Europe traveling and studying the French and German languages. Miss Ma- bel, the younger daughter, is devoting her at- tention to music. The sons, Eddie and Roy, are fifteen and thirteen years of age respectively. Mr. Brousseau has taken thirty-two Scottish Rite degrees in Masonry, and is now Master of Rose Cross Lodge of Los Angeles. Though a Democrat politically, he has never been an act- ive politician. Twice in his life he has yielded to the wishes of his friends and run for office; while in Michigan he was a candidate for the Legislature, and since residing in Los Angeles was candidate for Superior Judge. He ran against large political odds in both cases, and, though receiving more than the vole of the party, was defeated in each instance. Hknry T. Gaopj was born near Geneva, in the State of New York, in November, 1853. At a very early age he moved with his parents to Michigan. He commenced the practice of the law in Los Angeles in 1877, and in a short time became recognized as one of the most careful, well-grounded and successful attorneys at the bar. The end of the first decade of his practice found him at the head of his profession. In the appearance of his dress he does not at all fill the ideal of the lawyer, but, on the con- trary, he strikes one as a prosperous and tlior- UISTOHY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. oughly content farmer. In stature he is above medium height, strongly and compactly built, with a face indicating great determination and strength of character. In the trial of causes there is no lawyer at the bar more courteous, considerate and polite than is Mr. Gage. But those who have crossed swords with him have become convinced that when most polite he is professionally most dan- gerous. In the preparation of his cases, he leaves absolutely no point unexamined, but is as careful of the law as he is in the details of the trial; as a consequence, there perhaps is no lawyer in Southern California who has been more uniformly successful in the results of his professional efforts. It is a fact of which his friends feel proud, that of the great number of most important civil and criminal cases tried by him, he has lost a very small proportion, — so few, that were the number given, the correct- ness of the statement might be doubted. His position at the bar necessarily gives him a prominence which would mean distinction in politics, were he disposed to such a career. But, notwitlistanding many efforts to have him till office, he has persistently declined such honors. In the field of politics his only office- holding, if sucli it may be termed, was that of being selected as a delegate at large from the State of California to the National Republican Con- vention at Chicago, which assembled in that city in 1888. He took a very prominent part in its deliberations, having been selected to second the nomination of Levi P. Morton for the Vice- Presidency. Mr. Gage afibrds another illustration in the history of American men of mark, of the self- made man, inasmuch as mentally and profes- sionally his position is due exclusively to his own efforts. Hon. Charles Silent, a member of the law firm of Houghton, Silent & Campbell, one of the most prominent and prosperous in the Los Angeles bar, was born in Germany, in 1843. In his childhood his parents immigrated to America and settled in Columbus, Ohio. His parents being in indigent circumstances, the ambitious boy left home at twelve years of age and started out to fight the battle of life alone. Borrowing some money from a friend he em- barked at New York for California via the Isthmus of Panama, and arrived in San Fran- cisco in August, 1856. Taking up his residence in Drytown, Amador County, the adventurous youth worked at various occupations during the • next four years in that place, and attended school one or two terms. Having formed a plan having for its ultimate object the practice of tlie law, he employed every spare hour in a system- atic course of study, and so thorough had been the work of the self-taught boy that in 1860 he passed an examination for teaching, receiving a first-grade certificate. After teaching three months in the country he was employed to take charge of the school in which he had been a pupil, and taught it with marked success till 1862, when he entered the University of the Pacific in Santa Clara. Meeting with a finan- cial loss he was obliged to quit college at the close of the first term and was elected principal of the Santa Clara public schools. Continuing his studies while teaching, Mr. Silent received from the University of the Pacific the honorary degree of A. M. in 1872. While still teaching he studied law, and was admitted to tlie bar, and entered upon practice in the fall of 1868 as the junior member of the law firm of Moore, Laine & Silent in San Jose After two years of extensive and lucrative practice with that firm he severed his connection with it, and until 1878 divided his time between his profession and other pursuits. In February, 1878, he was appointed by President Hayes one of the Su- preme Judges. of Arizona, which office he tilled till 1880, then resigned to resume the law practice in Tucson, Arizona. At the close of three years of very profitable 'fegal business Judge Silent retired for a rest. In 1886 he re- moved from San Jose to Los Angeles, and upon settling in the Southern metropolis became a member of the law firm before mentioned in this article, and which ranks among the first iii 1t what is called the open cottage or family system, without prison walls; that is, to trust pupils and seek to build up in them self-respect, and en- courage them to forget that they are criminals in any sense, and to stimulate in them the belief that there is a future for them, as there is for all who seek to do well, — in other words, to make an honorable future possible for them. The school has been already located at Whittier, in this county; and it is e.xpected that the necessary buildings will be erected and ready for oc- cupancy by September, 1890. The first board of trustees consists of liervey Lindley, of Los Angeles, President; Hon. Jamas R. Lowe, of San Jose; and Hon. Josiah Sims, of Nevada City. Mr. Damron was inarried in 1878 to Miss Florence Scott, a lineal descendant of Sir Wal- ter Scott, and they have three children — one son, Lloyd, and two daughters, Nortnad and Florita. Hon. AuiiULius W. Hutton, a prominent rep- resentative of and long practitioner in the Los Angeles bar, was born in Greene County, Ala- bama, July 23, 1847. His parents both dying in his early childhood — -his father in 1852 and his mother in 1854^the orphan boy was reared in the family of his eldest sister, Mrs. D. II. Williams, whose husband was his guardian. Young Ilutton's early education was obtained in the Old Field private schools; and in 1863 he entered the University of Alabama, a mili- tary school, becoming a member of the Ala- bama Corps Cadets. He attended there until UIHTORY OF LOS AUGELES COUNTY. that institution was destroyed by United States troops in April, 1865. In January, 1886, be began the study of law in the office of Bliss & Snedecor, in Gainesville, Snniter County, Ala- bama, the home of his guardian. Mr. Bliss was a distinguished lawyer from New England, the former partner of Hon. Joe Baldwin, the author of " Flush Times in Alabama and Mis- sissippi." At the close of a year and a half of office study, Mr. Hutton entered the law depart- ment of the University of Virginia, at the age of twenty, and completed the studies of both the junior and senior classes in one year. lie graduated with the degree of B. L., in June, 1868, a month before his twenty-first birthday. Li January, 1869, he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Alabama, and Janu- ary 23, of that year, he sailed from New York, via the Isthmus of Panama, fur California, ar- riving in San Francisco, February 15, 1869. Early in April he came to Los Angeles, and has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession ever since, except two years he was on the Superior Bench. In December, 1872, he was elected city attorney of Los Angeles, for a term of two years, and was re- elected in 1874. While serving in that capacity he drafted the first regular city charter for the government of Los Angeles, and also the re- vised charter of 1876, many of the piincipal features of which have been embodied in the revised charter of 1878. Two vacancies occur- ring on the Superior Bench of Los Angeles County, by an act of February 7, 1887, provid- ing an increased number of judges, a meeting of the bar was held to consider the comparative merits of the six candidates for the position. On the first ballot cast by that body, Mr. Hut- ton received eighty-two of the 104 votes cast; and upon this strong endorsement he was ap- pointed Superior Judge, in February, 1887, by Governor W. Bartlett, for the term of nearly two years. He was nominated on the Demo- cratic ticket to be his own successor; but, al- though he ran about 800 votes ahead of the party ticket, he could not overcome the Repub- lican majority of more than 3,000, and retired from the bench to resume his law practice, in partnership with J. W. Swanwick, a rising young lawyer of this county, with some six years' practice. Judge Hutton was one of the original incorporators of the San Gabriel Orange Grove Association — Indiana Colony — which founded the city of Pasadena. In February, 1874, Judge Hutton married Miss Kate Travis, a native of the same town in which he was born, and who came with her parents to California on the same steamer with him. Seven children, five daughters and two sons, are the fruit of this union. Allen P. Bentley, notary public and law practitioner in Compton, is a pioneer of 1875. When he first came to the State he lived two years at Santa Monica, and then came to Comp- ton, where he established the lumber business, which he carried on very successfully for ten years. Mr. Bentley was born in Ontario County, New York, in 1816, and is a son of Preston D. and Sophia (James) Bentley. The former was a native of New York and the latter of Rhode Island, and both are of English origin. The subject of this sketch learned the trade of printing in Canandaigua, New York, and while yet a boy he went to Rochester, where he worked at the trade for five years. He then went to Michigan and worked two years on the Free-Press. From there he went to Mt. Clem- ens, Macomb County, where he was connected with a newspaper and was justice, of the peace and county treasurer of that county for four years. In 1858 he moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa, and subsequently to Burlington, the same State, where he was editor and proprietor of the Gazette for two years, having for a partner George M. Todd. In 1837 he was married to Eliza Bennett, in Rochester, New York, and to them have been born six children: Emlius A., who was killed by the Indians in Arizona; Tunis A., Dora, Sylvia, Allenette and Farina N. The mother of these children died in 1878, and in 1879 ui^rojx'y OF LOS anoeles county. Mr. Bentley married Mrs. Annie Sibley, a native of Niagara County, New York. She departed this life in October, 1884. Mr. Bent- ley again entered the marriage relation, this time with Mrs. Susan Chirk, a native of Illi- nois, but principally roared in California. Mr. Bentley is a member of the Masonic fraternity. During his residence at Burling- ton, Iowa, he was for five years Master of Bur- lington Lodge, No. 20, and two years Iligii Priest of Iowa Chapter, No. 1. He is also a Knight Templar at Compton. Politically he is an advocate of the principles of the Demo- cratic party, having cast his first Presidential vote for Van Buren in 1840. He has served as justice of the peace in Compton for six years, and is now city attorney. Mr. Bentley owns several houses and lots in Compton, and a neat residence on Main street. He is one of the true pioneers, and a man well thought of and highly respected by all who know him. KiciiAED R. Tannek, attorney at law, Santa Monica, is a native of California, born in 1858. His early life was spent in Santa Cruz and Monterey counties. In 1871 he went to Ven- tura County, and while there was engaged in tiie study of law and also in mercantile busi- ness. He came to Santa Monica in 1885, and since then has devoted his time to the practice of his profession, in whicli he has been very success- ful, and is now enjoying an increasing law pi-ac- tice. He is the attorney for the First National Bank of Santa Monica, for the Santa Monica Lumber Company, and has also recently been appointed deputy district attorney, and city attorne}' for Santa Monica. In 1884 he was united in marriage with the daughter of Judge Henry Robinson, of Ventura County. Mr. Tanner is one of those genial kind of gentlemen with whom it is a pleasure to come in contact. Although a young man, he lias, by his own energy, pushed his way to the front and enjoys an enviable position in both business and social circles. Like all true Cali- fornians, he has great faith in the future pros- | perity and development of the Golden State, and especially is he enthusiastic over the future of Santa Monica. Hon. Cornelius Cole, ex-Senator, was born in Seneca County, New York, September 17, 1822. His father, David Cole, was a native of New Jersey, and his mother, nee Rachel Town- send, was a native of Dutchess County, New York. Mr. Cole attended tlie public schools, Geneva College, and the Wesleyan University in Connecticut, where he was graduated. After studying law at Auburn, he was admitted to prac-tice in the Supreme Court of New York, at Oswego, May 1, 1848. In company with a small party he crossed the plains, by way of Fort Laramie and Salt Lake, and arrived at Sacramento City, then called El Embarcadoro, July 24, 1849. From there he went to the mines in El Dorado County, where he had good success, washing out often over $100 per day. Thence he went to San Fran- cisco, where, the following spring, he com- menced the practice of law. While he was in the East, in 1851, San Francisco was visited by destructive fires, in which his office and its con- tents were entirely consumed. Business calling him to Sacramento, he concluded to open an office there. Mr. Cole continued to be engrossed in his profession till the opening of the Presi- dential campaign of 1856 when he edited the Republican paper, the Sacramento Dally Tunes. After the election he returned to the law, but during the following four years he was the California member of tlie Republican National Committee. In 1859 he was elected district attorney for the city and county of Sacramento. In 18G3 he was elected a member of Congress, and served the people of this State and of this coast faithfully and with great ability. In 1866 he was elected to the United States Senate, tak- ing his seat March 4, 1867, and occupying the place for six years, during which time he served on some of the most important commit- tees of tliat body, being chairman of the com- mittee on appropriations for four years of his term. HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY Chapman & Hendeick. — Judge John S. Chap- man, of this firm, is one of tlie a]>lest lawyers on the Pacific Coast. His niaiiner is earnest and impressive, and lie has the happy facultjy^ of always knowing what to saj', how to say it, and when he has said it. It is a pleasure to listen to him address a jury or expound a legal prop- osition to a court. He makes no pretensions to oratory, as the lerni is generally understood, but he has a clear and forcible way of stating facts and presenting the law that carries convic- tion to his hearers. Like all great lawyers, he deals fairly with his adversary, and often states his opponent's ease more forcibly than opposing counsel. Earnest, faithful, absolutely fearless, gifted with great physical endurance and an industry that knows no bounds, he has won for himself the gratitude of his clients, the admiration of the bar and the respect of the courts. Born in Arkansas in 1842, he came to Cali- fornia when seventeen years of age; was brought up on a ranch; studied law at odd times while acting as deputy county clei-k, and afterward as under sherifi', and was admitted to the bar of Lassen County in 1870. Governor Haight ap- pointed him county judge in the same year to till an unexpired term, and he was elected to succeed himself in 1871. for a term of four years, beginning January 1, 1872. In the fall of that year he resigned his position to attend to the administration of the estate of his father- in-law. He continued his law practice, serving one terra in the State Legislature with his usual ability, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the State at the October term in 1877. During this time he was engaged in all of the important water and mining litigation in his district. In the tall of 1878, tiring of the limited field jiresented to him in Lassen County, and wish- ing to escape the rigors of the winters there, he removed to Los Angeles. While at first he labored under the difiiculties that always beset the ])ath of a lawyer in a new field, still his ability was soon recognized. In the spring of 1880 he formed a partnership with Mr. J. .\. Graves, the firm being Graves & Chapman. This connection lasted until January 1, 1885, when lie was joined by Judge James W. Hend- rick, his brother-in-law and former law partner in Lassen County. Judge Plendrick had just finished, with credit to himself, his term as Superior Judge of Lassen County, to which position he was elected at the first election following the adoption of the new constitution. He was born in Missouri in 1851, came to California in 1862, residing first at Napa, then at Oakland, prior to coming to Los Angeles County. Both of these gentlemen are well satisfied with Los Angeles. They stand in the front rank of an able bar, enjoy a large practice, embracing some of the heaviest litigation con- ducted in their section. Judge Hendrick attends, principally, to the ofiice business of the firm, and, in so doing, has passed the title to all the property upon which the German Savings and Loan Society of San Francisco have loaned money here. CnEiSToruKR Noktii Wilson was born at Gustavus, Trumbull County, Ohio, January 10, 1830. His family was of English and Scotch descent. His father. Job Wilson, was a Meth- odist Episcopal preacher, one of the })ioneers of the Western Reserve (Ohio) countty, and Western Pennsylvania. He married Eliza Frew, daugh- ter of Thomas Frew, one of the first settlers of Meadville, Pennsylvania. Mr. Frew was born in Maryland; his father settled near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, shortly after the expulsion of the French from Fort Ducpiesne, and reared a large family of sons and two daughters. Their descendants may be found in nearly every West- ern State and the Territories. C. N. Wilson was at an early age sent to Quaker schools at Smithtield and Somerton. Ohio, and at the age of twelve years entered as a student at Alle- ghany College, Meadville, Pennsylvania. In 1846 his mother died, and just one month after- ward his father died. Thrown upon his own abilities young Wilson went to Pittsburg. Penn- u< ^-y H-olAj^C^ HISTORY Oi* LOS ANGELi sylvania, and was for several j'ears engaged in the furniture .business. In 1855 the opening up of the Territory of Minnesota attracted his attention, and he went to Minneapolis about the time it began its business importance. He was engaged in some of the Government surveys in the Crow River country, tiien occupied by tlie Sioux and Chippewa Indians. In 1858 he re- turned to Pennsylvania and commenced the study of law with W. K. Scott, of Meadville, Pennsylvania. After the commencement of the war of the Rebellion he was offered and accepted an appointment in the Treasury Department at Washington, D. C. Joining the law class of Co- lumbian University, he graduated in 1869, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. He siiortly after resigned his position in the Treasury and re- inov^ed to Los Angeles, California, where he has resided continuously ever since. In political affairs Mr. Wilson has always been a Native American; he was a candidate for the office of Secretary of State on the American ticket, for the State of California, in 1886; was a delegate to the National Convention that met in Wash- ington ill August, 1888, and is a member of the State cantr.il CJmmitte3 of the American party for the State of California. He is an active member of the National Guard of California, having baen commissioned as judge advocate with the rank of Major on General Banning's staff in 1872; was one of the organizers of the Eagle Corps in 1881, and is now Commissary of tiie Seveiitn Regiment Na- tionil GuirJ of California. He is a member of Pentapli* Lodge, F. & A. M., of which he has i)eeii Senior Warden. Mr. Wilson took an active pirt in jiutting in operation tiie first street cir line laid in Los Angeles City, and was for several years a stock- holder, director and secret iry of the Si.xth and Spring street line. He has been largely interested in bee-keeping ever since he came to California, and now has three apiaries in successful operation. In religion he i.s a LowCinircli I'^pi-scopalian, and is heartily at war with Romanism in all its operations on American soil. Hon. David P. Hatch. The expression "The Man from Maine" can be appropriately applied to others besides the distinguished man at the head of the State Department of our Govern- ment, for the Pine Tree State has bred great lawyers and jurists as well as eminent states- men. The Los Angeles County bar has its man from Maine in the person of Judge David P. Hatch, who is an honored representative of his profession, both in the forum and on the bench. On the 22d day of November, 1846, on the bank of the Kennebec River, on the stmrise shore of America, this David was born. His grand- father had cleared up the little farm, and erected the massive old house with its huge hewed raft- ers, in which his family were born and reared; and there his son, Ebenezer Hatch, reared his family, among them David, and lived and died. The old homestead, which has been owned and oc-upied for more than a century by the grand- sire and his descendants, is now the home of the Judge's youngest brother. Margaret Fanny Pat- terson, who becatne the wife of Ebenezer Hatch, had been a New England school-teacher and was a cultured, amiable wife and mother. David passed the first fifteen years of his life on the little farm, at which age the restless ambition and youthful love of adventure not infrequently dominant in the boy of promise, asserted them- selves, and young Hatch left the quiet country home and went to Boston. Fascinated by the glamour and gaiety of New England's metropo- lis, and desiring to master the mysteries of the stage, the youthful adventurer hired out to a theatrical manager. Parental authority, how- ever, vetoed this engagement forthwith, thus nipping in the i).id the son's aspirations for dramatic fame. After remaining in Boston the greater part of a year. Master Hatch returned to his native State and spent nearly two years in the wilderness of Northern Maine, anaong wild Indians (Penobscots and Canadas) and wild animals, hunting and trapping. At the end of this time he had jiartiy arranged to accompany HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. George Jones, one of Kit Carson's scouts, to Kansas on a biiflalo hunt, when the prudent foresight and wise counsel of his mother inter- posed and changed the current of her son's life by persuading David to spend a year in school before going on iiis contemplated hunting ex- pedition. He entered Maine Wesleyan Semi- nar}', and, as his mother had anticipated, by the time he had spent a year in school his naturally active mind had experienced an intellectual awaliening, which subordinated his love of forest and gun to the new-born love for books and knowledge. Six years were spent in the semi- nary, save three or four winter terms out teach- ing to earn expense money, and in June, 1871, Mr. Hatch was graduated with flattering honors. Coming West, he entered the Law School of Michigan University that fall, and at the close of a year's study in that institution, went into the law office of Biggelow, Flandrau & Clark in St. Paul, Minnesota. Being admitted to prac- tice in the Supreme Court of that State in 1872, he opened a law office in Fergus Falls and com- menced practice. In 1874 Mr. Hatch was elected district attorney of that county (Ottertail), but resigned in the spring of 1875 and came to Cali- fornia. Settling in Santa Barbara, he formed a parfneiship with Hon. E. E. Hall, ex-Attorney General of West Virginia, which relation con- tinued till Mr. Hatch went on to the Superior Bench. In the spring of 1880 he was elected city attorney of Santa Barbara, which office he resigned the following fall, to enter upon his duties as Superior Judge, having been appointed for four years to serve out the unexpired term of Judge Eugene Fawcett. In 1884 he was re- elected as his own successor, and in 1886 re- signed to accept a law partnership with Julius Brousseau, of Los Angeles, and removed to that city. Both gentlemen being possessed of ex- traordinary legal ability, the firm of Brousseau & Hatch at once assumed a leading position in the Los Angeles bar, and have maintained it with increasing prestige and popularity to the present time. They are both strong men, either ! as counselors or trial lawvers; and. conliiiino' j their attention entirely to the civil practice, they handle numerous cases in which large values are involved and for w-liich coi-respondingly liberal fees are received, reaching in some cases $10,000. The income of the iirm is one of the largest of any law firm in Southern California. They have all the business the partners and several assist- ants can attend to. Judge Hatch is not only a man of distinguished ability as an advocate, but possesses a fine judicial mind, a fact fully demonstrated by his flattering record on the bench. One of the most noted cases that came before him for trial was the Perkins Baldwin breach of promise suit, in which Louise Perkins was plaintiff, and E. J. Baldwin, the wealthy sporting man, was defendant. At the request of the Los Angeles judges. Judge Hatch came down from Santa Barbara to adjudicate the case. The trial opened February 1, 1886, and con- sumed the entire month. Sensational features developed during the trial, and public feeling was wrought up to an intense state of excite- ment. Miss Perkins obtained a verdict for $75,000 damages, the largest sum awarded in a case of that kind in the United States up to that time. The case was appealed by defendant, but was compromised before it came to trial, for $14,000. It was during his stay in Los Angeles on this occasion that Judge Hatch decided to make the "City of Angels" his future home. While residing in Santa Barbara, Judge Hatch turned his attention to bee culture as a pastime, and during his summer vacations he devoted a good deal of study to the subject, becoming one of the most expert apiarists on the Pacific Coast. He gave special attention to breeding for the best results, and imported queen bees from Palestine, the Holy Land, paying as much as $16 for one queen, and sold specimen queens of their progeny from his own apiary for $5 each. His apiary produced as high as forty tons of honey in a season. In 1874 Judge Hatch re- turned to liis native State from Minnesota, and married Miss Ida Stilphen, a Maine lady. Mrs. Hatch having a desire to master the intricate problems of the law, studied three years with HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. her brother, one of the leading attorneys of Maine, after which she attended the Hastings College of Law in San Francisco, and was ad- mitted to the bar of California in . She has never practicfd bnt a few months, and then chiefly in oflSce work. Of the live children born i of their marriage, only two, one of each sex, are living. Judge Hatch is a member of the Knights Templar in the Masonic order, and of the Los ] Angeles County Ear Association. Graves, O'Melvext & Shanklaxd. The members of this firm are J. A. Graves, H. "W. I O'Melveny and J. H. Shankland, all of whom are men of family. Mr. Graves came to California in 1S57, when four years of age; spent his early life on a \ ranch at MarysN-ille; graduated from St. Mary's , College at San Francisco in 1873, with the de- gree of A. M.; studied law in that city, and | came to Los Angeles in 1875, as a clerk for Erunson «fe Eastman, who were doing as large a business as any firm in Southern California. He was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of the State on January 10, 1876, and was immediately admitted to the firm by his former employers, the business being conducted under the name of Erunson, Eastman & Graves; and from that time until its dissolution in 1878, his firm did the leading law business in Los Angeles City and county. On January 13, 1S76, the banking house of Temple & Workman failed, and Erunson, Eastman & Graves became the attorneys for Daniel Freeman and E. F. I Spence, to whom Temple & Workman made an assignment for the benetit of their creditors. The unsecured debts of the assignors were over §11,000,000, and their assets nian3' and valuable. Had their creditors allowed the assignment to stand in peace, the dividends paid by the assignees would have equaled a large per cent- age of the total indebtedness; but assaults of ! every conceivable nature were marietors. In 1884 Mr. Kelly was admitted to the bar, and has been in active practice ever since. In 1885 Hon. J. W. McKiidey, who had been elected city attorney, appointed Mr. Kelly his assistant, and he remainfed such during the term of 1885-'86. When the term expired, being quite familiar with the principles and requirements of municipal law, Hon. George W. Knox, the assemblyman elect from Los Angeles City, called him to Sacramento in January, 1887", to HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. take the clerkship of the important committee of municipal corporations in tlie Assembly of which Mr. Knox was cliairman. On his return to Los Angeles from the Legislature, two new courts of the county having been created, he was appointed to the clerkshipof the Superior Court under Jiidcre O.'Melveny. After a few months he resigned this position to resume the prac- tice of law. Mr. Kelly is a careful and clear- headed lawyer, quick at comprehension, and with a liberal broad-gauge experience in life. Few lawyers of his age have been more success- ful in courts. In 1888 he was presented to the Eepublican County Convention for the nomination of dis- trict attorney for Los Angeles Coiinty against two competitors, and received tlie nomination at the hands of that large body of representative men, on the first ballot. He went into the cam- paign with enthusiasm for the Republican cause, and it was remarked at the time, that thougli Frank P. Kelly was making a splendid canvass for the whole ticket, not one word ever dropped from his lips about his own candidacy, and when asked about it, remarked, " that he was a Re- publican, and he would either win or lose with the ticket." A considerable opposition was or- ganized by a certain element against him in the city of Los Angeles, but he overcame it by his hard and consistent work in the outside dis- tricts, being elected to the office l)y a majority of 2,630 votes. He assumed the responsibilities of the office of district attorney on his thirty-fifth birthday, the 7th of January last, 1889, and has filled the office and done the work required of him with ability and credit to himself and his party. Mr. Kelly has a good deal of executive ability, and has a knack of handling men, tiie puldic and business that makes the wheels of criminal justice run smoothly. His appointments in his office, tiie cliaracter and ability of his deputies, is a strong example of this executive quality. Mr. Kelly is a man of family, having married in June, 1885, Miss Lillian E. Porter-Rundy, formerly of Lakeville, Connecticut, and has one child, Lucile B. Kelly, aged three years. Mr. Kelly is also recognized as an able, in- teresting and eloquent speaker, and is always called upon in the general elections to " take the stump" in the interests of the Republican ticket. In the campaign of 1884 he made twenty speeches in the county in favor of Blaine, and in 1888 made fifty-one speeches for Harrison and Morton. Colonel RioH.iRD Bryan Treat, one of the leading members of the California Ijar, was born in Tallraadge, Summit County, Ohio, Oc- tober 31, 1835; studied law in Warren, Trum- bull County, the same State, in the office of Hutchins, Cox & R itlifl:e, the members of which firm subsequently won distinguished honors in State and National politics. He graduated at the Harvard Law School in 1859, and the same year was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Massachusetts at Dedham. In 1860 he commenced active practice at Canton, Ohio, as a partner with Hon. B. F. Liter, formerly member of Congress from that place. On April 18, 1861, four days after the attack upon Fort Sumter, he responded to his country's call to defend her flag, and enlisted in Company F, Canton Zouaves, Fourth Ohio Lifantry, and remained until the end of the war, being hon- orably discharged with the rank of Colonel, in October, 1865. The last two years he served upon the staff of Major-General Schofield, then commanding the Army of the Ohio. One of the memorable experiences of Colonel Treat during his four years and a half of service to maintain the stars of the old flag in the- South- ern sky is the following historical incident: After the fall of Richmond the Confederate ar- chives, consisting of records of the State and war departments of the Confederate Government, were in the hands of General Joe Johnston, who turned them over to Major-General Schofield at Charlotte, North Carolina. They consisted of about ten tons of material, embracing all the battle-flags captured from the United States forces, official reports of Rel)el commanders, and HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNT r. 187 other public documents. After the assassina- tion of President Lincoln, Mr. Stanton, Secre- tary of War, ordered General Schofield to hurry these archives to Washington as soon as possible, and Colonel Treat was detailed with two officers and a company of soldiers for this duty, going by rail to Newbernc, thence by canal to Norfolk, and by tug Martha Washington, via Fortress Monroe, to Washington. Certain documents were discovered among these archives tending to connect prominent officers of the Confederacy with the assassination plot, and Colonel Treat was a witness on the trial of the conspirators before the celebrated Military Commission. After retiring from the army Colonel Treat engaged in business on Wall Street, New York City, being a member of the noted firm of Ful- ler, Treat & Cox, which was very successful until struck by the financial storm of " Black Friday " in 1868. After these reverses Colonel Treat drifted back to his profession, but did not engage actively therein until he came to Cali- fornia in November, 1875, since which time he has been steadily attaining promineTice both as a criminal and civil lawyer until he now ranks among the first attorneys on this coast, espe- cially as a trial lawyer and advocate, as well as a safe and trusted counselor. While located in San Luis Obispo he was for five years the at- torney for the Pacific Coast Railway Company, and has been for the same length of time attorney for the Pacific Coast Steamship Company, and for other corporations and syndicates. He has also been in the employ of the Southern Pacific Railroad Comjiany a portion of the time. Since settling in Los Angeles he formed a law part- nership with Mr. Willis, under the firm title of Willis & Treat, which relation still continues. Colonel Treat married, since coming to Cali- fornia, Miss Isabel Davis, an accomplished young lady, a native of the Golden State. Mrs. Treat's mother is now a resident of San Francisco. Andrew Glassell, retired lawyer and ca])i- talist, is a descendant from an old Scotch-Vir- ginia family, and is the fourth of his 7iaine in as many successive generations on the paternal side of the house. On attaining his majority Andrew Glassell, the grandsire of the subject of this memoir, bade good-bye to the classic land of Burns and Scott to cast his lot in the new world, and settling in Virginia he became a farmer. He married into the Taylor fam- ily, of which General Zachary Taylor was a member, and Andrew, a child of this union, was born, and also married in Virginia, to Miss Susan Thornton, a native of that State. Of their six children, Andrew, of whom we write, is the only survivor. He was born September 30, 1827, and when seven years of age moved with his parents to Alabama, where his father engaged in cotton planting. Andrew was edu- cated in the University of Alabama, from which he was graduated in 1848. While jiursuing his law studies and early practice young Glas- sell enjoyed the benefits of contact with that great legal inind, Hon. John A. Campbell, at one time a justice of the United States Supreme Bench, and one of the most eminent of Amer- ican lawyers and jurists. Mr. Glassell was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in 1853. In that year he came to California, and presenting a complimentary testimonial letter from Judge Campbell to the Supreme Court of the State, was admitted to practice here without a formal examination. A friend of his being United States District Attorney at San Francisco, Mr. Glassell received the appointment of Dep- uty United States Attorney, to assist in trying a large number of accumulated land cases pend- ing in the Federal District Court, and was thus employed about three years. Then resuming his private practice, he did a prosperous legal business till the civil war broke out. His friends and relatives, and hence his sympathies, being on the Confederate side, and not wishing to take part in the conflict by discussion or otherwise, Mr. Glassell withdrew from the practice, and for several years carried on the manufacture of lumber and staves near Santa Cruz, employing a large force of men in a steam saw-mill. Deciding, after the war was over, to return to his profession, he visited the HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. principal points in the State, and selecting Los Angeles as his choice in which to live — and die, he formed a law partnership with Alfred B. Chapman, a former Captain in the regular United States army. In about three years afterward Colonel George H. Smith, late of the Confederate States army, and a lawyer of ability, joined this partnership, under the firm style of Glassell, Chapman & Smith, and this lirui continued until about the year 1880, enjoying a large and lucrative prac- tice in Los Angeles and the adjoining counties, and in the Supreme Court of the State. In 1880 Mr. Chapman retired from practice and engaged in orange-growing on a large scale, on a line estate near San Gabriel, where he now resides in comfort with his family. In 1883 Mr. Glassell also retired from the practice, and in his own language, "having served his time in attending to other people's business, is now endeavoring to attend to his own business and let other people's business alone." In 1855 Mr. Glassell married a daughter of Dr. H. II. Toland, an eminent physician of San Francisco, a South Carolinian, by whom he had nine children, all of whom are living. She died in 1879. In 1885 Mr. Glassell again married. His second wife is a daughter of William C. Micon, formerly an eminent lawyer and a member of the distinguished law firm of Ben- jamin & Micou, of New Orleans. William T. Glassell, a younger brother of the subject of this sketch, and once a resident of Los Angeles County, was a prominent actor in one of tlie most daring events of the late civil war. , He it was who conceived the idea of de- stroying the United States fleet of iron-clads off Charleston Harbor by blowing them up with torpedo boats; and after several fruitle.-s efforts to obtain permission from the higher Confeder- ate officers to test the feasibility of his scheme, his request was finally granted. Tiie little historic steam craft known as the cigar boat "David" was built at the private expense of Theodore Stoney and the ladies of Cliarleston, South Carolina, to make the trial. It was fitted up according to Mr. Glassell's directions, and armed with a torpedo containing 100 pounds of powder. Everything being in readiness, the daring Lieutenant manned his boat with three other volunteers besides himself, and on the night of October 5, 1863, boldly sailed out under cover of the darkness on their mission of destruction, to attack the United States fleet which was blockading Charleston Harbor. Singling out the "New Ironsides," the most powerful war ship then in the world, Glassell steered the cigar boat for it, and although sighted and commanded to not approach by the ship's officer, he never swerved nor halted until he struck the "Ironsides" with the torpedo, which exploded with terrific force, so badly damaging the great vessel that she never after- ward fired a gun. The genius and daring of this young Confederate officer, which thus in- augurated a revolution in the methods of naval warfare, astonished the old naval warriors of two continents. Lieutenant Glassell and one of his companions were captured by the United States forces; the other two escaped and re- turned to Charleston. After being held as a prisoner of war about eighteen months, he was exchanged, and after the close of the w^ar he came, at the invitation of his brother Andrew, to California. He subsequently laid out and founded the town of Orange, then in this county, where he passed the last years of his life, and died about ten years ago, much esteemed by all who knew him. Frank R. Wilt,is, of the law firm of Willis & Treat, is a product of the old Bay State, born in North Adams, Massachusetts, in 1855. Two years after his birth his parents moved to Iowa, where he was reared and educated, graduating at the State Normal School in 1879, and in the Law Department of the Iowa State University in 1881. He immediately began practice in Cherokee, that State. The following year he moved to Aurelia, Iowa, and the same year was elected mayor of that town, and re-elected in 1883, meantime pursuing the practice of law. II I STORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 189 In December, 1883, Mr. Willis left the Hawk- eje State for California, locating at once in Los Angeles, where he has been active in his pro- fession ever since. From 1886 to 1888 he was attorney for the Public Administrator, during which time and since he has done a large busi- ness in probate law, having handled more than 200 probate cases within the past three years. On Augnst 1, 1888, Mr. Willis entered into a law partnership with Colonel K. B. Treat, under the tirm style of Willis & Treat, which is fast winning recognition as one of the strong law lirms of the Los Angeles bar. Besides their extensive probate practice they are attorneys for several corporations, and also handle some important criminal business. A noted case in this branch of practice now pending, in which Willis & Treat are the attorneys for the defense, is that of the People vs. Richard See, in which he is charged with a murder committed February 28, 1871, and for which he was arrested in Ellens- burg, Oregon, in May, 1889. Mr. AVillis is a Past Grand of Nietos Lodge, No. 197, L O. O. F., and was a delegate to the Grand Lodge at its last annual session. He was married on March 8, 1882, to Miss Letitia Allin, at Iowa City, Iowa, and resides with his family at No. 31 North Johnson street, Los An- geles. Hon. It. F. Del Valle was born in Los An- geles, December 15, 1854, of one of the oldest and most distinguished Spanish families in this section, his parents being Ygnacio and Ysabel (Vareta) Del Valle. The father was one of the best known and most highly esteemed gentle- men of Southern California, of lofty character and unblemished reputation. He died in 1880, at the age of seventy-two j-ears. Young Del Valle passed his childhood and youth between the city home of his parents and their home at the "Cumulos" Ranch owned by them. This ranch has become famous in story as the scene of Helen Hunt Jackson's "Ramona." He re- ceived the best education locally attainable, and graduated after a full course in Santa Clara College, at San Jos^, in 1878. He then studied law in San Francisco and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in 1877. His energy and ability were soon recognized and he became an acknowledged leader in the party of his choice, the Democratic, at the age of twenty-five. In 1879 he was elected a member of the As- sembly from his native county. The next year he was elected Presidential elector on the Han- cock ticket, and re-elected to the Assembly. He served with such credit and honor to him- self, such acceptance to the party at large, and such satis^faction to his constituency, that in 1882 he was unanimously nominated as State Senator from this county and elected by a large majority. He was chosen president pro tern. of the Senate in 1883, and was a candidate for Congress from the Sixth District of this State in 1884. His official services are owing to his fealty to party interests and a sense of duty to his country rather than to personal ambition. What he may feel of that infirmity of noble minds is impenetrably hidden under a natural modesty that is as striking as it is attractive. Among our many distinguished fellow-citizens there is no one whose character and ability have endeared him to a wider circle of friends, no one who is more warmly esteemed or more cordially respected by those who know him in- timately and well or enjoy the privilege of his acquaintance. His latest public service was as chairman of the State Democratic Convention in this city in May, 1888, and that was so ably performed that it attracted general commenda- tion. From the opening to the close of the convention he filled the difficult position with a skill, adroitness and tact that showed him to be a leader of men. His keenness of perception and knowledge of parliamentary forms and rules, together with his genial appearance, his quick and graceful movements, his firm suavity, with gavel in hand, alike ready to accord proper recognition to a member or rap the discordant assembly to order, the clearness of his decisions and the emphasis and force of his remarks, whether directed to the maintenance of order or the dispatch of business, elicited the most HISTUUY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. favorable comments and were worthy of all praise as models of courtesy and firmness. Both the mai'ked deterioration in political methods, the absence of elevated aspiration and broad statesmanship, have rudely dissipated whatever charm public life may have once held for Mr. Del Valle, and he very decidedly pre- fers the practice of his profession and the quiet pursuits of private life. Hon. Anson Brcnson, solicitor of the Santa Fe Railroad System for California, was born in Portage County, Ohio, April 16, 1834; grad- uated at the University of Michigan in 1857, working at odd jobs to earn expenses; was ad- mitted to the bar in June, 1858; came to Cali- fornia in 1864, stopping at Napa; and finally settled here in Los Angeles in December, 1868. In the autumn of 1884 he was elected judge of the Superior Court, which position he resigned April 1, 1887. Hon. Guilfoed Wiley Wells. Trominent among the score of leading members of the Los Angeles bar, who had earned distinction in their profession and in positions of public trust in the East before coming to Southern Cali- fornia, is Colonel G. Wiley Wells. He was born at Conesus Centre, New York, February 14, 1840, and is the youngest of three children of Isaac Tichenor Wells and Charity Ivenyon, who were joined in marriage in Granville, New York, February 4, 1830. Isaac Tichenor Wells was born at Fairfax, Vermont, August 11, 1807, and died in Conesus Centre, November 2, 1868. The Wells family trace their geneal- ogy back to the time of William the Conqueror in England, and to the latter part of the six- teenth century in America, and number among their ancestors in direct line many illustrious personages on both sides of the Atlantic. Guil- ford AViley Wells was educated at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary and College, Lima, New York. Upon the breaking out of the war of the llebellion (while he was in college), Mr. Wells enlisted on the first call for volunteers, as a member of the First New York Dragoons, and gave nearly four years of valiant service to the preservation of the Union and the defense of the "Old Flag." He fought under that intrepid hero of Winchester, General P. H. Sheridan; participated in thirty-seven battles, and rose by successive promotions for gallant services per- formed to the rank of Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel ; was twice wounded, the last time in February, 1865, so seriously as to permanently disable his left arm, and was discharged from the service on account of his wound February 14, 1865. Retiring from the army Colonel Wells resumed his studies, and in 1867 graduated in law at the Columbian College at Washington, D. C. In December, 1869, he moved to Holly Springs, Mississippi, to practice his profession. In June, 1870, he was appointed by President Gra it, United States District Attorney for the northern district of that state. The Recon- struction Act being passed by Congress about this time, the demoralizing effects of the war began to be manifest in the organized lawless- ness which prevailed, especially in Northern Mississippi, in the terrorism of the Ku-Klu.\ Klan. Laws had been enacted for the punish- ment of these crimes, but they remained a dead letter on the statutes for the want of prosecuting officers with sufficient courage, tact and ability to enforce them. The ablest men in the Mis- sissippi bar — which was one of the strongest in any State of the Unioti — were employed to de- fend these defiers of law. Comprehending the situation. Colonel Wells determined to do his duty, and prepared as best he could to wage battle with those giants of the bar. He drew the first indictment under the reconstruction act, and secured the first decision rendered in the South against Ku-Klux in District Judge R. A. Hill's court, thus winning the first legal fight and establishing a precedent which was adopted in other States, and finally resulted in the complete destruction of that organization. The Ku-Klux were hunted down, and their secret hiding places invaded, their murderous secrets were revealed, and the perpetrators of crimes punished according to their deserts. Mississippi was thus transformed from one of HISTOHY OK LO.S ANGELES COUNTY. the most lawless to one of the most orderly States in the Union. This herculean task was performed at a great expenditure of labor and energy, and at great peril of life, but in per- forming it Colonel Wells won the esteem of the best element of society, who held him in high esteem therefor. Though having no desire to enter the ai-ena of politics by the prominence of his official position and his contact with public men. Colonel Wells was forced to assume a leading position in his part^', and was chiefly instrumental in securing the nomination and election of General Ames (then United States Senator), to the Governorship of Mississippi in 1873. The Legislature chosen at the same time elected a United States Senator, and yielding to the importunity of his friends Colonel Wells consented to become a candidate. For some unaccountable reason, Ames, the man he had befriended, and who had hitherto professed a warm personal friendship for him, turned against his benefactor, and by a strenuous effort and the use of bis official power prevented Colo- nel Wells' election to the United States Senate. Not content with this success against his old friend. Governor Ames exerted himself to defeat Colonel Wells's re-appointment to the United States District Attorney's office, but his faith- fulness and efficiency in that capacity had been too well demonstrated; and at the expiration of his first term in 1874, he was reappointed by President Grant, and his appointment was unan- imously confirmed by the Senate. In 1876 Colonel Wells received the nomination for Con- gress in the Second Mississippi District in opposition to A. R. Ilowe, the Ames candidate, over whom he was elected by 7,000 majority, receiving the full vote of his own party (Re- publican) and the support of the best element in the Democratic party. During his term in Congress Representative Wells served on several important committees, and though in the mi- nority politically, by his energy and fertility of resource he was recognized as one of the most influential working members of the House. Recognizing in Colonel AVells the qualities adapting him for an important Government position. President Hayes tendered him, in June, 1877, the office of Consul General to Shanghai, China, which he accepted and sailed from San Francisco to his post of duty August 8, of that year. Previous to embarking he had received orders to investigate charges which had been preferred by his predeces or. General ]V[yers, against O. B. Bradford, Vice-Consul at Shanghai. Myers had been suspended by Minister George H. Seward, and the latter's friend Bradford placed in charge of the consu- late betore the charges against Bradford could be investigated. Arriving in China and assum- ing charge of the Shanghai consulate September 13, 1877, Colonel Wells proceeded to examine the accusations against Bradford. He found him guilty, not only as charged by Myers, but of numerous other grave offenses, such as rob- bing the United States mails, embezzlement of Government fees, violation of treaty rights with China, extortions from American citizens, mu- tilation of records, conspiring with Seward to remove official records and papers from the Consul General's office, etc. Mr. Wells being convinced of Bradford's fraudulent and crimi- nal proceedings, had him arrested and placed in jail, reporting at once by telegraph and by letter to the State Department at Washington the result of his investigations and asking for further instructions. After inexcusable delays in replying to his communications, and other matters transpiring to convince Consul General Wells that an eft'ort was being made by officials in high authority to shield Bradford and Sew- ard in their fraudulent proceedings, he tendered his resignation, turned over the affairs of the office in Shanghai, and sailed for home January 10, 1878. A committee subsequently created by the House of Representatives to investigate the Bradford charges returned a unanimous re- port that the charges were sustained, and filed articles of impeachment against Bradford. The investigation culminated in the retirement of both Seward and Bradford to private life. Colo- nel Wells twice refused the tender of Consul lUSTOItr OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. to Hong Kong, deciding to resume the practice of his profession. Colonel and Mrs. Wells having come hy the wa}' of Sonthern California on their return trip from Cliina, were delighted with the climate, and decided to make it their future home. Accordingly they settled in Los Angeles, in 1879, and have resided here ever since. Forming a law partnership with Judge A. Brunson, the firm of Brunson & AVells at once attained a leading position among the bar of Southern California. This relation continued until Judge Brunson was elected to the Superior Bench. Colonel Wells is now at the head of the firm of Wells, Guthrie & Lee, which does a very extensive legal business. Indeed, Colonel Wells has been professionally connected with nearly every notable case before the courts of Los Angeles and surrounding counties for the last decade. Colonel Wells' estimable wife was formerly Miss Katy C. Fox, daughter of Matthias and Margaret Fox, old settlers of Montgomery County, New York. The mar- riage of Colonel and Mrs. Wells took place in Avoca, December 22, 1864. Their son, Charles F., was born in Washington, D. C, November 9, 1869, and died December 24, 1872, in Holly Springs, Mississippi, leaving them childless. Such is the record of an extremely active life. It is his reputation as an attorney which Colo- nel Wells justly enjoys that entitles him to especial distinction. His successful defense of Miss Lastancia Ab irta for the killing of Chico Forster, and Miss Hattie Woolsteen for slaying Dr. C. N. Harlan, are notable events in tlie legal history of Los Angeles. EuwiN Baxter was born in the town of More town, Washington County, Vermont. He was the sixth of fourteen children of Eber H. Bax- ter, thirteen of whom lived to an adult age. His father was a farmer and botanic physician, and at one time a member of the Legislature of Vermont. His mother w^as a daughter of Captain Abner Child, of Moretown, and on her mother's side nearly related to Hon. Matt H. Carpenter, who was United States Senator from AVisconsin. Edwin Baxter's boyhood and youth were spent on a rocky, mountain farm in Vermont. His early education was obtained at a common school, supplemented by a term at an academy, and a short term at Olivet College, Michigan. In 1851 he removed to Michigan and com- menced life by teaching a common school and " boarding round; " afterward spent some years in acquiring practical knowledge of several mechanical trades; then became bookkeeper, compositor, local editor and proof-reader in a newspaper office, and for some time a newspaper correspondent, meantime giving some attention to the study of law. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in the " First Michigan Engineers and Mechanics," Colonel (afterward General) In- nes's Regiment, in the United States voluuteer service. Was promoted to a Lieutenancy and served as company officer; also at times as act- ing Adjutant and Quartermaster. In 1864, having been totally disabled, he was discharged by order of a medical board. As soon as able he resumed the study of law. Was elected city clerk of Grand Rapids, Michigan, but declined re-election at the close of his term. He was admitted to the bar; afterward removed to Grand Haven, Michigan, where he served several terms as circuit court commissioner and injunction master and United States commis- sioner; also a terra as probate judge. In 1880 was a prominent candidate for Attorney General of Michigan (before the Republican convention). In 1881 he came to Los Angeles, where he has since quietly practiced his profession, and has been four years court commissioner of the Su- perioi- Court, an office he has lately resigned. In politics Mr. Baxter has always been a Re- publican, having voted for Fremont in 1856 and every Republican candidate for President since, except when away from home during the war. He was a delegate to three Republican State conventions in 1880. He is never bitterly partisan nor a noisy politician. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, but is rather liberal than sectarian. He has been an active memlier of the Young Men's IIISTOHY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Christian Association. Has been pi-esident of the Los Angeles Young Men's Christian As- sociation. He is a trustee of the Los Angeles Occidental University and interested in other similar institnlions. Judge Ijaxter is rather retiring and uniliMiKinstrative in disposition and liabits. lie has l)eeii twice married and lias two children, a daughter, a teacher and assistant principal in one of the Los Angeles schools, and a young son. His oldest brother, Albert J'ax- ter, was for thirty years political and managing editor of the Grand Rapids (Michigan) Eagle, and editor of a comprehensive history of Grand Rapids. Another Ijrother, U. J. Baxter, was at one time acting commissioner of United States general land otHce and chief law clerk in the ofKce of the Secretary. of Interior for several years. Judge Baxter has always been an en- tliusiastic student, thoroughly in love with his profession, in which he is a hard worker. He attends ratlier too closely to liis business and you can always tell where to lind him. (teneeal Jonx Mansfield, a native of New York, ami of Massachusetts ancestry, was a C'olonel in the late war of the regiment which, Itefore he had command of it. lost more men than oth the Ht wounded, the last time so severely that he was left in tiie field for dead. After the war he came to Los Angeles, wliere he edited the Morning Republican; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1879, and under the constitution then adopted was elected the first Lieutenant-Governor. He is now an attorney, his office being in the Temple Block. LuciEN Shaw, Judge of the Superior Court, was born in Switzerland County, Indiana, in March, 1845; graduated at the Indianapolis Law School in 1869, practiced his profession at Bloomfield, Greene County, that State, until 1882, since which time he has been a resident of Los Angeles, except two years in Fresno. Was appointed to his present position in March, 1889. Colonel Geokue II. Smith, of the firm of Smith, Howard & Smith, was bora in Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, of Virginia parentage; admitted to the bar in 1855; practiced law in Virginia, Washington Territory and Baltimore; was Colonel in the late war; came to California in 1868, and to Los Angeles in 1869; was State Senator 1877-'78. Judge Henuy M. Smith, brother of the pre- ceding, was born neai- Arlington, Fairfax County, Virginia, in 184-t; was in the Confederate serv- icj three years, being Captain of a company for a time; was in Mexico 1866-'67; January 2, 1868, reached San Francisco, and taught school ill Oakland Academy until May, 1869, since which time he has been a resident of Los An- geles, practicing law; was Superior Judo-e from March, 1883, to the following January, filling Sepiilveda's unexpired term. Fkancis B. Guthkie, of the firm of Wells, Guthrie & Lee, is a Pennsylvanian, who grad- uated at Jefferson College, Philadelphia, and was admitted to the bar March 14, 18o9, and jiracticed law at Warre i and at TitusviUe, Pennsylvania, and came to Los Angeles in the fall of 1888. Judge Alexander Campbell, of the law firm of Houghton, Silent & Campbell, was born in the island of Jamaica, sixty-nine years ago; came to the United States when sixteen years of age; admitted to the bar in New York in 1842; practiced there till 1849, being district attor- ney of Kings County in 1847; came to Califur- nia in 1849, by way of Cape Horn; was county Judge of San Francisco County, 1851-'53; member of the California State Constitutional Convention of 1878-'79, from Alameda County; member of the Legislature, 1861-'62; practiced law in San Francisco till 1880, then in Arizona five years, since which time he has been in Los Angeles. Frank H. Howard, of the firm of Smith, Howard & Smith, was primarily educated for the medical profession, and was practicing in Mexico when, in 1869, his father, Volney E. Howard, was elected to the Supreme Bench, and he came to Los Angeles and studied law, was admitted to practice, and since then has been thus engaged. His father was an eminent law- HI.STUHV OF LOi ANGELES COUNTY. yer, an independent Dein(jcrat, a conspicuous member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1878-79, and died in May, 1889, at the age of eighty years. Captain C. E. Thom came to Los Angeles in the spring of 1854, in the employ of the Govern- ment, for the purpose of taking testimony in land cases before George Burrell, Commissioner for this locality. Soon afterward he was dis- trict and city attorney. He was born in Cul- peper County, Virginia, in 1825; came to California in 1849; practiced law in Los An- geles lor more than a quarter of a century, and several years ago retired from practice to look after the interests of his large'estate. William Paul Gardinek, of the lirm of Lee, Gardiner & Scott, came to Los Angeles in 1877, immediately entering the practice of law. In April, 1887, he was appointed to the bench to succeed' Judge A. Brunson. This position he resigned in November, 1888. Born in Ohio forty-two years ago, he was admitted to the bar in that State in 1876. The practice of the firm here in Los Angeles is contined to civil, land and corporation cases. Henry T. Lee. of the above firm, was born in New York in 1840; graduated at the Colum- bia Law School of New York City in 1869; practiced in that city until 1877, since which time he has been similarly engaged here. He was United States Commissioner in 1881-'85. J. E. Scott, of the same firm, was born in Los Angeles, a son of Jonathan R. Scott, who came here in 1849 or 1850; is now thirty-five 3'ears old, and was admitted to the Supreme Court Bar in April, 1880. James A. Anderson, senior member of the firm of Anderson,. Fitzgerald & Anderson, was born July 11, 1826, in North Carolina; reared in West Tennessee; graduated at Jubilee Col- lege, Peoria County, Illinois, in 1846; studied law in Florida; admitted to the bar in Ten- nessee in 1848; in 1881 moved to Tucson, Arizona; moved his family to Los Angeles in 1885. A. J. KiN(r was born in Georgia in 1836; came to Los Angeles in July, 1852; admitted to the bar in San Bernardino in 1858; was dis- trict judge; located in Los Angeles in the fall of 1859; member of the Legislature, 1859-'60; was county judge in 1869; published the Los Angeles News, the first daily south of San Francisco, 1865-'72; is the oldest member of the Los Angeles County bar. Adolpiius C. Brodersen, law, loan, real estate and general law business at Long Beach, was born in Germania, Potter County, Pennsylvania, May 24, 1865, and is the son of Christian C. and Frieda (Grambow) Bi-odersen, natives re- spectively of Copenhagen, Denmark, and Ham- burg, Prussia. His father was born April 24, 1836, and his mother March 21 of the same year. Christian Brodersen was educated in Denmark for a physician, but on account of failing health was advised to seek other em- ployment. In accordance with this advice he came to America, landing at New York. Later he made a trip West, and alter going back to New York, went to Cuba, and subsequently re- turned to Potter County, Pennsylvania, where he engaged in oil and land speculation, and later became interested in the manufacture of oils, etc., and also served as professor of Ger- man, English and Fi-ench in Potter County. He had a family of three children: Magdalena, wife of Herman Schwarzenbach; Adolphus C, the subject of this sketch, and Olga, wife of Earnest Braun. Adolphus C. Brodersen was educated in his native town, in both German and English. He subsequently attended the business and law school at Almira. At the age of nineteen years he conceived the idea of going West, and in company with a friend and schoolmate, and without the knowledge of his parents, they set out on their westward journey. Having means from home, he visited many places en route, among others Buffalo, New York; Clay Center, Kansas; Springfield, Missouri; Little Hock, Ar- kansas; Yicksburg, Mississippi; Dallas, Texas ; Wichita, Kansas, and Pueblo, Colorado. Here they bought a packing outfit, with four horses. IimrOHY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. and started overland for the Pacific Coast, ar- riving in Lake View, Oregon, after being on tlie way seven weeks. At Lake View he entered the hiw othce of Cliarles A. Cogswell and studied law. From here he went, in 1888, to Long Beach, Califor- nia, where he established himself permanently in the legal profession. Being a member of the church and living in accordance with his pro- fession, he enjoys the confidence and esteem of the best people of Long Beach, and of all who know him. Politically he attiliates with the Democratic party, and socially is connected with the L O. O. F. lodge. John C. Morgan, attorney at law, Santa Monica, was born October 17, 1837, at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, a son of David B. and Har- riet A. (Swift) Morgan; received an academic education, and in 1857 came to California, locating first in San Francisco, where he was for four years a clerk in the custom house during the administration of B. F. Washington as C'jllector of that port. Studying law, he was admitted to the bar, and for eight years prac- ticed his profession in San Luis Obispo. After several years' residence in Sonoma County, he served one session of the Legislature at Sacra- mento as enrolling clerk, during the winter of 1867-'68, and was enrolling clerk again of the Legislature during the session of 1877-'78. Then during a residence of five years in Los Angeles he was deputy district attorney three years under Thomas F. Brown, and was city justice there two years. Since then he has been city attorney of Santa Monica three years, and deputy district attorney of Los Angeles County one year under J. R. Du Pey. He is now a member of the Board of Trustees of the city schools of Santa Monica; also a member of the Democratic State Central Com- mittee from this district, and a member of the Democratic County Central Committee of Los Angeles County. He continues the practice of law. Mr. Morgan has been twice married. His first wife died in San Luis Obispo. TUE LOS ANGELES BAR ASSOCIATION. The object of this organization, as stated in the constitution and by-laws, is as follows: — "The association is established to maintain the honor and dignity of the profession of the law; to increase its usefulness in promoting the due administration of justice; to cultivate social in- tercourse among its members, and when deemed advisable to procure and maintain a library for their use." Any attorney in good standing who has been admitted to practice before the Supreme Courtof the Stateof California is eligible to mem- bership by the payment of the regular admission fee of 820, and signing the constitution of the association. The officers are elected by ballot at the annual election holden on the first Tuesday in June of each year, and consist of president, senior vice-president and junior vice-president, recording secretary, a corresponding secretary, a treasurer, five trustees and a committee on admission, to consist of seven members. The first regular meeting of the association was held on the first Tuesday in June, 1888; and the constitution provides for monthly meetings to be held on the first Tuesday of each month. The association was organized with fifty charter members, embracing the leading attorneys of Los Angeles. The first officers of the associ- ation, all of whom were re-elected in June, 1889, are as follows: President, Albert M. Stephens; Senior Vice- President, John D. Bicknell; Junior Vice-Pres- ident, Anson Brunson; Treasurer, Robert N". Bulla; Recording Secretary, James A. Ander- son, Jr.; Corresponding Secretary, C. W. Pen- dleton. Trustees — John Haynes, H. T. Lee, J. A. Anderson, John S. Chapman, Stephen M. White. Vomtnittee on Admission — J. A. Graves, W. F. Fitzgerald, R. H. F. Variel, H. A. Barclay, Julius Brousseau, F. H. Howard, B. W. Lee. Committee on the Amendment of the Law — Stephen M. White, W. P. Wade, James H. Shankland, John S. Chapman, J. M. Damron. Judi'dary Committee — Alexander Campbell, EJkTOHY OF LOS ANOELES C0VN1Y. James A. Anderson, George H. Smith, Walter Van Dyke, Anson Brunson. Committee on Grievances — William F. Fitz- gerald, John D. Bicknell, J. A. Graves, John Haynes, George J. Denis. Committee on Legal Eehication — Lucien Shaw, F. H. Howard, John R. Scott, Bradner W. Lee, Samuel Minor. Committee on Invitation and lieceptionr—G. Wiley Wells, George S. Patton, Shirley C. Ward, J. D. Bethune, R. F. Del Valle. _ IE LAW The law lished in 1886, as a liKAKY. ibrary of Los Angeles was ^„w„.. ft oo o private enterprise intended for the benefit of the stockholders, but open to subscriptions. The shares are $100 each, of which about 100 are taken by eighty members. The library contains $10,000 worth of books, including all the State Reports but four, which are to be supplied in the near future. The library is situated in the Law Building on Temple street. The monthly dues are $1 each per member, and are sufficient to cover current expenses. The present officers are: James A. Anderson, F. IL Howard, Richard Dunnegan, Lucien Shaw, Albert M. Stephens, Trustees; Albert M. Stephens, President, and H. C. Mor- ton, Secretary. yS9 ^wv. \- fllH^BK^^^j^^^"' UISrORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. CHAPTER XVI. [F'oR most of tlie facts in the following sketch the compiler is indebted to the pen of a gifted writer in the Overland Monthly of March, 1889. Some additions and corrections are made by the compiler, who has been thirty-five years a resident of Los Angeles.] Dk. lircHARD S. Den, the Nestor of the med- ical fraternity of Los Angeles County, was born in Garandara, County Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1821, and is the eldest surviving son of a truly noble family, whose pronounced views upon the Christian creed no member ever swerved from. The Deiis are of Franco-Norman and Anglo- Norman descent, and arrived in Ireland in the retinue of King Heury II., A. D. 1171. Their accession to power is a matter of history, and their deeds of valor and goodness will be handed down to futurity. The impregnable religicjus belief of the family, their loyalty to the English crown, and tiieir adhesion to the unfortunate King Charles I., led to the confiscation of all their estate^ by Cromwell, who bestowed them upon his ruthless soldiers; but, despite of this monstrous injustice, of tiie infamous pcmal laws for ages in existence, and of the galling acts of unscrupulous officials, they still held fast to their clierished principles, and by counsel, pre- cept and example continued to do infinite gooil. Legends, for which the Irish people are famed, are to this day narrated at matiy firesides of the conscientious victories of the \)ox'.-^. .\ltlioiiL'-li the latter branch of the family tasted of the bitter cup of adversity, they lost not one parti- cle of their faith or honor. After receiving his preliminary education in Dublin, the subject of this sketch entered the City Infirmary and Leper Hospital of Water- ford, at that time in charge of Drs. Mackesy and Burkitt, two eminent practitioners, remaining there for six years during the summer sessions. Dr. Mackesy, who afterward became president of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, was a warm personal friend of young Den, who in after years felt a desire to return home for the purpose of seeing his mother, his sisters, and his old friend, and of presenting to the latter in person some little souvenir of the warm place in his heart that well remembered him. In December, 1839, having completed the regular courses of instruction and practice of midwifery in Dublin, R. S. Den passed his e.xamination, and afterward received his first qualifications as obstetrician; and in April, 1840, at a public examination of the students of the first-class, held at the original School of Anatomy, Medi- cine and Surgery, in Dublin, the first certificate was awarded him in the three branches of his profession. Continuing to pursue his studies, and having attained iiis majority, lie, in August, 1S42, received his tinal (jualitications. Then his friend. Sir John Pirie, Hart., Lord Mayor of l.ondon, and an eminent ship-owi iiyor EI8T0RT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. broker, desired to place him on one of his largest vessels going to the East Indias, which, how- ever, wonld not sail for some time; bnt Dr. Den, desiring an immediate position, sought for and obtained the appointment as surgeon of the line ship Glenswillj, of Glasgow, which left London dock August 29, 1842, bound for India, with special passengers for Melbourne, Austra- lia. Some of these passengers (who were men of wealth and influence, leaving England with their families, retainers and servants for the purpose of settling down in a new country), at first sight of the young >doctor before starting thought him unfit for the responsible position; but, on learning from the Lord Mayor of the high honors received by him at his examination, and of the length of time he had devoted to his studies, they raised no further objection. Dur- ing the voyage they had every reason to be sat- isfied with his services; and when they landed, December 3, 1842, at Melbourne, where the ship remained some weeks, the passengers were all in the best of health, and they were profuse in their thanks, and did everything in their power to persuade the Doctor to remain in the antipodes; but this not suiting his inclinations, he remained aboard the ship, at Port Phillip, the harbor of Melbourne; and while there Dr. Den was informed by the authorities of the port that he was the only ship surgeon who for a long period had landed his passengers in good health and without a single death having oc- curred during the voyage. After touching at Sydney and remaining there about a moTith, the vessel set sail, but her course was changed from India to Valparaiso, and arrived safely there. Stopping a few weeks at Valparaiso, the vessel came on to Mazatlan, arriving there Jul}' 23,1843; and while in that port the Doctor received news of his brother, who was living at Santa Barbara, California, and from whom he had not heard for many years. Hailing this intelligence with delight, he determined to start for his lirother's home. Accordingly, resigning his position as surgeon of the Glensvvilly, lie took passage on the first vessel bound for California, the bark Clarita, Captain Walter commanding, and Don Eulogio de Cells (whose family still reside in Los An- geles) acting as supercargo. Arriving at San Pedro August 21, he took passage on the ship California, in command of Captain Arthur, with W. D. M. Howard as assistant supercargo, and arrived at Santa Barbara September 1, 1848, at the age of twenty-two years. After paying his brother a short visit his in- tentions were to return home; but months passed without any vessel touching these then almost unknown shores, and the longer he re- mained the more he became attached to the country; so he was prevailed upon by the court- eous, kind-hearted and hospitable residents to cast his lot among them, his professional serv- ices being in demand by them. During the winter of 1843-'4, while visiting Los Angeles, whither he had been called to perform some difiicult operations, a petition signed by all the leading people, native and foreign, was presented tc him, inviting him to remain among them and practice liis profession. In reply, he stated that he had not made up his mind to stay in the country; but if he should remain he would reside at Los Angeles. He then returned to Santa Barbara on professional business, and shortly afteiward went to Monterey, the seat of Government, to arrange some minor official matters. In the meantime he received several letters fi-om his kind friends in Los Angeles reminding him of their invitation, and, con- cluding to accept it, he returned to Los Angeles the latter part of July, 1844, and remained until the breaking out of the gold excitement. From the Medical Directory of 1878, the following paragraph is taken: "It is of record that Dr. E. S. Den, in obedience to the laws of Mexico relating to foreigners, did present his diplomas as physician and surgeon to the Gov- ernment of the country March 14, 1844, and that he received special license to practice from said Government." In 1846-'47, during the Mexican war, he acted as Chief Physician and Surgeon of the IIISTOUy OK LOS ANGELES COUNT V. Mexican forces located in Southern California. Among the American prisoners confined in Los Angeles, he treated Don Benito Wilson and party, and Thomas O. Larkin, the only Ameri- can consul ever appointed in California while under Mexican or Spanish rule. Becoming surety for Larkin, he secured his removal to more healthful quarters and attended him through his illness. Governor Flores, Com- mander-in-chief of the military forces in the Californias, despite the reports to the contrary, Dr. Den insists was very considerate and humane to the prisoners. In behalf of those who were wounded, he sent an urgent request to Captain Gillespie, in command of the Ameri- can forces, for the services of a physician, and Captain Gillespie sent this request to Dr. Den, asking him to comply with it, which he did. The Doctor urged tlieir removal to town, where they could have proper care. Flores not only readily consented to this, but he also acted on any suggestion offered by Dr. Den that would alleviate the condition of the prisoners. It may also be mentioned in this connection that Don Luis Vignes, long since dead, who was the pioneer of the French colony of Los Angeles, and who planted the extensive "Aliso Vine- yard," which also is a thing of the past, fur- nished comfortable quarters for Mr. Larkin, and did much for the wounded American prisoners. Don Luis had a high adobe wall around his dwelling-houses, cellars, etc. During the war the wives and children of certain residents used to seek and receive hospitable shelter within Don Luis's capacious castle. Throughout those stirring times Dr. Den assiduously and untiringly ministered to the wants of suffering humanity, irrespective of nationality, and he was loved and respected by all the good people. He permitted no preju- dice to overcome his zeal for his chosen pro- fession, the benefits of which, in a crisis like this, he held it was his duty to bestow on all alike. Consequently he remained neutral during this time, when a bitter feeling existed between the .\mericans and ("alifornians, the' latter of whom believed they were being stripped of their rights by the former. In 1848 Dr. Den organized, at his own ex- pense, a prospecting party, and started north for Sullivan's Diggings, near what is now Angel's Camp, in Calaveras County. The party mined with varying success during that and the following year (1849), when the Doctor, per- ceiving that his professional services were needed on account of the prevalence of inter- mittent and malarial fevers in that district, dis- charged his men and entered into the practice of medicine. He did this, not so much for pecuniary gain as to relieve the sufferings of his fellow-men, a man's purse forming no in- ducement for his services, for he treated all alike, whether they had money or not. Never- theless, it may be recorded that in one day he was paid over $1,000 for medical attendance. At that time gold-dust was the medium of ex- change, being valued at the mines at $5 to $6 per ounce, but was worth in San Francisco $14, the rate at wliich the Doctor received it. After a few months' practice in the mines he went to San Francisco, and while there he was one of the seven original organizers of the Society of California Pioneers. They met in 1850 at the office of William D. M. Howard (who was at one time also a resident of Los Angeles), on Montgomery street, in that city. Soon afterward the Doctor returned to Lo8 Angeles. In 1854 he went again to Santa Barbara County, where he was engaged some twelve years in looking after the interests of his San Marcos Rancho of eight leagues, which was stocked with cattle. About the year 1859 he made a conditional sale of this ranch and stock, intending to visit his old home and purchase a place wdiich his ancestors had held for over 450 years betbre" tlie confiscation; i)ut tlie sale fell through, and later, during the great drought in California, he lost almost all his stock, over 2,000 head of horned cattle, so that lin was forced to indefinitely postpone the trip. Li January, ISfif), ho moved to Los .\ngeies. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. wliere he has ever since lived, practicing his profession. Dr. Den is averse to l)econiing involved in any litigation except where iiis principles are at stake, preferring to relinrjuish his material interests rather than have liis good name sullied hy coming in contact with certain minions of the law. His faith in mankind lias resulted in the loss of considerable property, brouglit about by fraud and false testimony, which his sense of right revolts against, as all those who have ob- tained wealth by such means have always been scorned by him. The Doctor ranks among his patients some of the leading men and women of California, both of the past and of the present, and from the period of his arrival in this country has highly distinguished himself as a physician, as a sui'geon and as an obstetrician, and all who know him well speak in the highest praise of his many noble qualities. Honor, integrity and lofty-minded strength of purpose, with a scrupulous regard for the true ethics of his profession, are qualities he possesses and holds dearer than anything else upon this earth. Al- though in his sixty-eighth year, the highly pre- served state of his health visibly indicates a long life. Many of the Spanish people in old times, and some even now, have such faith in Dr. Den's skill that their oft-expressed confidence in him has crystallized into this proverb: Desjmes de Dios, Doctor Don Ricardo (After God, Dr. Don Richard). The pleasant relations that have ex- isted between Dr. Den and the people of the country, and the trust they have reposed in him, is fully appreciated. Indeed he cherishes with genuine pride, as he well may, the esteem and kindly regard in which he has been held by the good people of this community during the many years that he has lived in Southern Cali- fornia. His learning and skill, his high sense of professional honor, and his kindly nature, have combined to give him a warm place in the hearts of the old Californians. They fully be- lieve that as a physician he has been the means of saving hundreds of lives; and only those who are familiar with the, affectionate way in which the respectable Spanish people speak of " Don llicardo," can appreciate how strong is their friendship for him. — H. D. B. Joseph P. Widney, A. M., JVl. D., a promi- nent member of the medical profession, and one of the leading citizens and literary characters of Southern California, has been a resident of the State for more than a quarter of a century, having crossed the continent in 1862, when a youth just merging from his teens. He is a native of Ohio, born in Miami County forty- seven years ago. He took a partial literary course in Miami University, that State, which he continued in the University of the Pacific, from which he holds the degree of Master of Arts; and subsequently graduated in medicine at Toland Medical College, M'hich is now the medical department of the University of California. He spei.t two years as surgeon in the United States army in Arizona; came to Los Angeles in 1868, and has been most loyally and thoroughly identified with the growth and progre.-^s of Southern California ever since. Be- sides conducting a large medical practice. Dr. AVidney has been actively identified with and a zealous promoter of every public enterprise hav- ing for its object the development of Los An- geles City and county in the past two decades. He was one of the principal organizers of the Los Angeles County Medical Society, which was effected January 31, 1871. To his efforts and munificent generosity is due the founding and prosperous career of the College of Medicine, a branch of the University of Southern California, of which also he is one of the founders. The College of Medicine was opened for students in the fall of 1885, and graduated its first class in 1888. Its curriculum, which embraces and re- quires a graded three years' course of study, is as complete and thorough as that of any medical college in the United States. Its avowed aim is to do only the most thorough work. Dr. Widney has been the dean of the college from its opening, and also holds the professorship of 1II8T0HY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. tlieory and practice of medicine. lie donated a large sum to establi&h this school, giving the property as it now stands, has made heavy con- tributions from time to time since, and has ar- ranged to give a still larger amount in providing new and more commodious college buildings for permanent occupancy. In addition to his professional labor, and the energy expended in building up this nolilc edu- cational enterprise. Dr. Widney has found time to do a large amount of literary and patriotic work in the interest of Southern California. In 1876 he, with two other gentlemen, as a com- mittee of three, chosen for the purpose by the citizens of Los Angeles, wrote tiie >' Centennial Historical Sketch" of Los Angeles County, a work of eighty-eight octavo pages, and involv- ing a large amonnt of research and labor, and of much historical valne. He also wrote the first sections of the work entitled "California of the South," published by D. Appleton & Co., in 1887, in which he dealt chiefly with the climatology, physical geograpiiy. and social questions of Southern California. The clima- tology of the Pacific Coast has been a subject of especial study with him for many years, and he is recognized as one of the autiiorities in this science for the coast. He has pnblislied many articles upon this topic. He was one of the founders, and from the start has been one of the editors, of the Southern California Practi- tioner, an ably conducted monthly medical journal, now in the fourth year of its existence. He has also been a frequent contributor of poetical and literary material, and of scientific, historical and descriptive articles pertaining to the Pacific Coast, and its commercial and race problems, for the columns of current magazines. Within the past twelve years Dr. Widney, act- ing in a representative capacity for the people of this portion of the State, has prepared numer- ous memorials to the United States Congress, dis- cussing the importance of and the imperative necessity for coast and harbor improvements in Southern California; and his efforts, conjointly with the ett'orts of other citizens, have borne much good fruit in improvements completed and j)rojected at the port of San Pedro. He has been always an active member of the Chamber of Commerce, and has done much in outlining the railroad, maritime and commercial policy of Southern California. While Republican in gen- eral politics, he is an earnest worker in the cause of temperance, having been placed at the head of the citizens' non-partisan anti-saloon nujvement. He served the city several terms as a member of the Board of Education, and was for a number of years president of that body. For several years he lield the professorship of English Literature in the College of Liberal Arts of the University of Southern California, until, with the establishment of the College of Medicine, he was compelled by lack of time to concentrate his labors upon the latter work. Dr. AVidney is withdrawing from the active practice of his profession to devote his time more especially and completely to educational and literary work together with such public duties as fall to him. He was one of the first to discuss the feasibility of dividing the State and establishing the commonwealth of South- ern California, has written much upon the subject, and is one of the ablest and most enthusiastic advocates of the new " California of the South." He originated and made the first public movement looking toward the acquis i tion of the Peninsula of Lower California by- the United States. The Doctor is a clear and forcible speaker and writer, and wields a facile and fearless pen in the advocacy of his con- victions. Dr. Widney was joined in marriage with Miss Ida D. Tuthill in 1869. After her death, he was married, in 1882, to Miss Mary Bray, daughter of John G. Bray, one of the pioneer merchants of San Francisco. His wife is his constant companion and valued associate in his literary work. Dr. Widney and family are mem- bers of and active workers in the Methodist Episcopal Church, having taken part in its growth in Southern California almo.st from its beginning. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Martin Hagan, M. D., one of the leading surgeons and physicians of Los A.ngele8, for- merly of St. Paul, Minnesota, was born in Tus- carawas County, Ohio, December 28, 1832. Martin Hagan completed his literary educa- tion in Columbia College, New York City. He attended lectures in the Medical University, New York, and Starling Medical College, Co- lumbus, Ohio, graduating from the latter in 1856. After practicing eight years at Port Washington, Ohio, in August, 1861, he entered the military service as Assistant Surgeon, Fifty- lirst Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Army of the Ohio. He was present at the battles of Fort Donelson, Perryville, Stone River and Chattanooga. Owing to failing health he re- signed his commission, and after a rest of a few months he returned to the service as surgeon of the One Hundred and Sixty-first Regiment, Volun- teer Infantry, which was sent to the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, being a part of the time with General Sheridan. He participated in the bat- tles of Harper's Ferry, Maryland Heights and "Winchester, and frequently acted as brigade surgeon, and had charge of hospitals succeeding battles. After being honorably discharged, at the expiration of his term of service, in the fall of 1864, he returned to Ohio, and during the same fall was elected county treasurer of his native county. During the winter of 1866 and 1867, after serving his term as county treasurer, he at- tended the hospitals and course of medical lect- ures in New York City, and graduated at the College of Piiysicians and Surgeons in February, 1867. In August of that year, having finished his naedical education, he went to St. I'aul, Min- nesota, where he engaged in the practice of his profession with eminent success for fourteen years. In 1881, his health becoming impaired by close attention to his extensive practice, he contemplated a tour to the Pacific Islands. Leaving St. Paul in June, 1881, accompanied by his wife and children, he sailed from San Francisco to Honolulu, Australia, New Zealand and the South Sea Islands. In 1882 he was placed in medical charge of the Asylum for tiie Insane on the Hawaiian Islands by appointment from the king. Resigning two years afterward, he returned with his family to California and became a resident of Los Angeles, where he is at present engaged in the practice of his pro- fession. As a physician and surgeon the Doctor has a high standing. He is a diligent student and believes in progression. He is an able writer upon medical science, and has contributed extensively to medical journals ami to the per- manent literature of the profession — books, pamphlets and magazine articles. Among these is a work on the " Diseases of the Stomach and Indigestion," published in 1867; an artistically illustrated pamphleton " Leprosy in the Hawaiian Islands;" articles on matters pertaining to the public health in his annual reports as health oflicer, etc.; and he has also furnished interest- ing papers descriptive of his various travels, which have been extensive both on this conti- nent and abroad. He is a member of the Min- nesota State Medical Society, and has been its president; he is alio a member of the St. Paul Medical Society, of the Minnesota State His- torical Society, of the St. Paul Academy of Science, of the American Medical Association, honorary member of the Ohio State Medical Society, of the California State Medical Society, and of the Los Angeles Connty Medical Society. On becoming a resident of Los Angeles in 1884, he at once took an active part in the growth and progress of the city, and invested largely in real-estate. In 1886 he was one of the incorporators of the Southern California National IBank of Los Angeles, and was chosen one of its directors. In 1887 he was elected health ofiicer for the city of Los Angeles, for which position he was specially fitted by the close study he had for many years given to sanitary science. Thus he rendered important service during the small-pox epidemic of 1887- '88, and through his prompt action and strin- gent hygienic measures eflectually checked it. In fraternal relations he is a Master Mason HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. and a member of the order of Odd Fellows. He was married in October, 1861, at Port Wash- ington, Ohio, to Miss Kosc Armstrong, of that place. Thej have two children. Henry H. Matnaed, M. D., one of the most eminent physicians and estimable gentlemen in Southern California, was born on the banks of the Olentangy River, in Franklin County, Ohio, September 6, 1835. When he was a lad nine years of age his father, Stephen Maynard, moved frani the Buckeye State to the then new country of Iowa and settled near Iowa City, in Johnson County. There the subject of this sketch grew to manhood, received his literary education and studied medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. Frederick Lloyd in Iowa City. lie attended Eush Medical College, Chicago, in 1861, and in August, 1862, entered the army as assistant surgeon of the Eighteenth Iowa Infantry. In November of that year he was detailed by Gen- eral Scholield as ward surgeon in the hospital at Springtield, Missouri, and served till the fol- lowing spring. The onerous duties of the posi- tion and contact with fever patients so impaired his health that he was compelled to take a leave of absence for two months at home. On his return to duty Dr. Maynard was promoted to surgeon in chief of the hospital, liaving the entire superintendence. Springfield being the distributing depot for a large area of country norfh and west, a great m^ny troops reported there. Dr. Maynard had charge of the liospital till the fall of 1863, when his regiment was ordered South, and he soon after followed and rejoined it. Being detailed to Dardanelle, Arkansas, to examine new recruits for the Union army, he remained there until the whole com- mand was ordered North about the holidays. During their march to Fort Smith the memor- able storm and sudden change of January 1. 1864, occurred, whicli causfed great ifferi ng among tlie men. On arriving at Fort Smith he went on duty with his regit for the first time, but it was desti short duration, for in two weeks he received an order from General Steele, commanding at lent, practically Gstined to be of ! Little Rock, to report at Springfield, Missouri, to muster as surgeon of the Second Arkansas Cavalry, a regiment composed of loyal men from Arkansas, Missouri and Texas, officered chiefly by Northern men. Dr. Maynard was mustered as surgeon of that regiment on Janiiary 17, 1864, and accompanied it to Northern Arkansas, where it was sent to guard against raiding parties being sent up into Missouri. . A few weeks later, in February, the Doctor was ordered to Cassville, Missouri, to establish a post hos- pital. Having completed that duty he was or- dered l)y General John B. Sanborn, sometime in March, back to Springtield, Missouri, as medical director and medical purveyor of the district of Southwest Missouri. In that capacity he furnisiied all the troops in that region with medical and surgical supplies, having hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of goods in his hands at a time. In the fall of 1864 Dr. May- nard accompanied his regiment against the rebel General Price who had invaded Missouri: and during that campaign, from Jeflferson City to Newtonia, some of the most remarkable and fatiguing marches of the entire war were made. His regiment was thirty-four days and nights in the saddle riding or fighting. Sanborn's com- mand, of which it was a part, marched 102 miles in thirty-six hours, reaching Newtonia in time to save the day and win the battle. On arriv- ing there Dr. Maynard was compelled to take charge of the entire surgical work, the other surgeons of the command not having arrived, notwithstanding he had been without food for twenty-four hours previous while on the forced march. Simply taking time to hastily swallow a tin-cup of strong hot coffee he entered upon the duties of attending to the wounded. Re- turning from Newtonia to Springtield, his regi- ment was then ordered to Memphis, Tennessee, where the Doctor joined it after a brief leave of absence. Reaching that place about the 1st of January, 1865, he served a short time as sur- geon in chief of the district of West Tennessee, after which he resigned the command at La- grange, and remained there on duty as brigade U I STORY OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. eurf^eon until lie was mustered out of service August 20, 1865. On retiring from the army Dr. Mayriard married the daughter of Brigadier-General John Edwards ou Sej)teinljur 5, 1865, and settled down to practice medicine in Tipton, Iowa. In 1874 he went to \ow York City and spent the winter in Bellevue Hospital Medical College, taking the hysician or consulting physician. He was for several years secretary of the Los Angeles County Medical Society, and in 1881 was elected president. In 1882 he spent four months in the hospitals in New York. The Doctor is Eepublican in politics, and in 1877 was president of the first young men's Repub- lican club ever organized in Los Angeles. In 1884 he was elected county physician, which position he held for eighteen months when he resigned on account of overwork. In 1886 he again went to New York and spent three months in the hospitals. While on this visit he read, by invitation, before the Kings County Medical Society, Brooklyn, New York, a paper entitled " Southern California: a Climatic Sketch." This paper was well received and has since been published in twenty-eight different journals in the United States, and translated and published in German. In 1884 he, in com- pany with Drs. Kurtz and Widney, established the Southern Califortda Practitioner^ a monthly medical journal, which has taken a prominent position among medical periodicals, and of which he is managing editor. In 1885 he was one of the founders of the Medical College of the University of Southern Califor- nia, in which he has ever since been Professor of Obstetrics. In 1887 Dr. Lindley and Dr. Widney wrote "California of the South," a handsome volume of 400 pages, descriptive of Southern California. This work was published by D. Appleton & Co., New York, and has met with a great sale. In 1888 he assisted in found- ing the Southern California District Medical Society. In 1889 he was unanimously elected president of the State Medical Society, of Cali- fornia, which position he now holds. During all these years in Los Angeles Dr. Lindley has been actively engaged in what has for a long time been an extensive private practice. Dr. Lindley was married August 18, 1875, to Miss Loue C. Puett, daughter of Rev. W. W. Puett. She died May 6, 1881, after a lin- gering illness, leaving two little girls. He was again united in marriage, November 22, 1882, to Miss Lilla L. Leighton, and his family now consists of his wife and three children. Dur- ing his residence in Los Angeles the Doctor has done a great deal of writing, his chief rec- reation being his pen and his books, yet he is no recluse, and greatly enjoys social gatherings, especially social meetings with his fellow prac- tiionters. John Stbotheu Griffin, M. D., was born at Fincastle, Virginia, in 1816. His father, John Caswell Griffin, was a native of Virginia, as was his father before him. He died in 1823, when the Doctor was about seven years of age. His mother, nee Mary Hancock, was a daughter of George and Margaret (Strother) Hancock, both of })romineiit Virginia families. She died when the Doctor was quite young, probably in 1825. Thus deprived of both his parents in early boylfood, he went to Louisville, Kentucky, where he lived with his maternal uncle, George Hancock, until maturity, and was given a classi- cal education. In 1837 he graduated as M. D. from the Medical De|)artment of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia. He then practiced at Louisville until 1840, when he entered the United States army as assistant surgeon, and served as such under General Worth in Florida and on the southwest frontier at Fort Gibson. At the commencement of the Mexican war, in 1846, he was attached to the Army of the West, commanded by General Kearny, as surgeon of the First Dragoons, with rank of Captain, he being with that army when it entered Santa Fe, in August, 1846. In the following September, General Kearny, with his command, started on a march to California, arriving at the Colorado River in November, ^»^^ (V// v.^ o fh^ ^v\cy JU.S'JOJiY OF LOS AISGELEa COUNTY. 207 and on tlie 3d of December reached Warner's Kanch, in wliat is now San Diego County, Cali- fornia. Deceuilier 6 tiie battle of San Pasqual was fought with the Mexican forces, and 0!i the 10th the command arrived at San Diego with its wounded, Commodore Stockton having a short time previously arrived theie with the United States squadron. January 1, 18-i7, the commands of General Kearny and Commodore Stockton were united, the Doctor being the ranking medical officer. A march was then made toward Los Angeles. On the 8th of Janu- ary, meeting the Mexican forces at San Gabriel Eiver, an engagement took place, and driving them back, they crossed the river some ten miles southeast of Los Angeles. On the 9th of January another engagement with the Mexi- cans took place at La Mesa, and on the 10th they took possession of Los Angeles, then con- taining some 3,000 or 4,000 inhabitants. On the 12th or 13th of January, lorces under Gen- eral J. C. Fremont arriving at Los Angeles from the North, General Kearny's command was transferred to San Diego, where the Doctor was placed in charge of the general hospital. In May, 1847, he was ordered to report for duty at Los Angeles, under Colonel J. D. Stevenson, where he was on duty -until May, 1849, when he -was transferred to the staff of General Per- sifer Smith, as medical officer. In 1850 he was stationed at Benicia, where he remained until 1852, when he was ordered to San Diego to accompany Major Heintzelman on an expedition against the Yuma Indians on the Colorado lliver. He then returned to duty at Benicia. In 1853 he was ordered by the War Department to report for duty at Washington, D. C. He remained there until 1854, when, resigning his commission, he returned to California and per- manently located at Los Angeles, where he has since been engaged in the practice of medicine. Dr. Griffin, after Dr. R. S. Den, is believed to be the oldest physician and surgeon in Los Angeles, in which capacities he has enjoyed the confidence of some of the best families in Los Angeles for something like fi'rty years, for his skill became known to them whilst he was yet an arn)y surgeon. Having in early times acquired a large tract of land east of the river, he may in a sense be called the father of that beautiful suburb. East Los Angeles. He was one of the oi'iginal in- corporators, and a stockholder and director of both the Los Angeles City Water Company and the Farmers' and Merchants' Bank. For many years Dr. Griffin has been prominent as an in- fluential and public-spirited citizen, as well as in his profession. He is likewise one of the most genial of gentlemen. The Doctor was married in 1856, in Los An- geles, to Miss Louisa Hays, a native of Mary- laud. She died in this city. May 2, 1888, at the age of sixty-seven years. Granville MacGowan, M. D., a representa- tive of the most advanced school of thought and scientific research in the medical profession, is the son of the late Colonel Granville MacGowan, *of the United States Army, and was born in Iowa during the temporary sojourn of his par- ents in the Hawkeye State, in 1857. His father spent most of his life in the military service as an officer in the regular army. His mother's home was in Philadelphia, and in that city the Doctor was educated for his profession, graduating from the University of Pennsylva- nia in 1879. After officiating as resident physician of Blockly Hospital one year. Dr. MacGowan went to Europe for the purpose of further extending his professional studies, and spent four years abroad in study and travel, taking special courses in the universities of Berlin, Paris and Vienna. Returning to New York in 1884, he practiced a year in the Amer- ican metropolis before coming to Los Angeles. Since locating here about four years ago he has enjoyed a prosperous and lucrative practice, very soon taking rank among the leading phy- sicians of this portion of the State. Dr. MacGowan has filled a chair in the Col- lege of Medicine of the University of Southern California for three years, as professor of skin and venereal diseases. Upon the adoption of the 208 inSTOHY OF LOS ANGELES COUNT V. new city charter in March, 1889, which enlarges the powers and accountabilities of the health oificer, Dr. MacGowan was appointed to that very important officeover niuiierous competitors, prominent members of his profession. His position at the head of the liealth department of the rapidly growing city of Los Angeles is fraught with duties and responsibilities es- pecially vital to her 80,000 people. Dr. Mac- Gowan is a member of the Los Angeles County Medical Society and the Southern California District Medical Society. The Doctor has trav- eled extensively, visiting nearly every civilized country in the world. Henky Woethington, M. D., one of the most prominent and popular physicians in Southern California, was born near Chester, England, in 1853, of Welsh ancestry. His parents immi- grated to America when he was a lad of six years, and he was reared and educated in New York City, graduating at the Columbia College in 18G8. After iinishing his literary course he spent two years in Europe pursuing medical studies, and was a student of Dr. Walsh, of London, the distinguished specialist in diseases of the throat, lungs and heart, and was at that time physician of Brompton Hospital. Return- ing to New York, Dr. Worthington attended the College of Physicians and Surgeons in that city, graduating there in 1874. He had com- pleted the course of study and passed the re- quired examination a year previous; but being only twenty years of age he had to wait a year for his diploma. From close confinement and overwork while a student, Dr. Worthington found his health seriously impaired, having suffered from hem- orrhage of the lungs. He had bright prospects for a successful career in his profession, but physicians predicted that he could not live but a short time. He came to California and to Los Angeles in 1874, and soon after arriving formed a partnership with Dr. H. S. Orme, and commenced practice. Possessing a highly nerv- ous temperament, his activity and ambition impelled him to excessi\e labor, under which he broke down after about four years of practice, and was obliged to flee to the mountains for rest and recuperation. Nature, the greatest physician, assisted by rest and the pure mount- ain air, did her work; and at the end of a num- ber of months the Doctor returned to the city. Entering into partnership with Dr. Joseph Kurtz, he resumed practice. The firm have all the business they and two assistants can do, and reputable physicians of the city have said to the writer that, in spite of his rather delicate phys- ical constitution, " Dr Worthington has the largest practice of any physician in Los Angeles." Their office, on Main street, between First and Second, is a very busy place during business hours. Dr. Worthington does a gener.al prac- tice, the leading feature of which is gyne- cology. He has made a special study of diseases of the lungs and heart, and is one of the best authorities on those organs on this coast. He had charge of the Los Angeles Infirmary, now the Sisters' Hospital, for twelve years, the object being to practice in those diseases, the pressure ofprivate business compelling him to resign over a year ago. He has been a member of the Cali- fornia State Medical Society since 1S76, and is one of the supervising committee on graduating exercises of the Medical Department of the State University. In 1888 he prepared a paper which was read before the International College Asso ciation, on the College of Medicine in Los Angeles. He has contributed a paper annually — a paper on the heart and lungs — to the Trans- actions of the State Medical Society, and has also written numerous articles for the columns of the medical journals, principally for the New York Medical Record. Dr. Worthington was married in 1876, in Los Angeles, to Miss Kate L. Heaver, a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, who was reared in Nashville, Tennessee. Of the five children born of their marriage four are living, three sons and a daugh- ter, comprising an exceptionally bright and happy family. The Doctor's home on Victor Heights is one of the most sightly and beautiful in the city. UISTOUY OF LOS ANOELBS COUNTY. Payson T. Huckins, M. D., is one of the pro- gressive and rising members of tiie medical ])ro- fession on tiie Pacific Coast. Born in Calais, Maine, in May, 1849, he was educated in the University of the City of New York, where lie graduated in March, 1878. After practicing between four and tive years in the city of Bangor, in the Pine-Tree State, Dr. Iluckins spent a year in Europe, extending his professional studies in London, Paris, Vienna and Edinburgh, taking, while there, a special course on tiie ear, eye and throat. In the summer of 1883 he crossed the continent, and opening an office in Los Angeles in July of that year, he has conducted a pros perous practice in the city ever since, his pro- fessional business being now one of the largest in this part of the State. He has given special attention to surgery, and is achieving more than a loeal distinction in this most difficult depart- ment of his profession. While abroad Dr. Huckins attended the seventh meeting of the International Medical Congress, held in London. He was also a member of the Ninth Inter- national Medical Congress, held in the city of Washington, in September, 1887, on which occasion he was invited to take part in tiie ophthalmic department of the tenth meeting of that most distinguished of all medical bodies, to be held in Berlin, in 1891, which he expects to attend. He, as one of the members, ha? in his medical library the live volumes of the pub- lished transactions of the Washington meeting. Although not a member of the American Medi- cal Association, Dr. Huckins was officially re- quested by letter to prepare a paper on laryn- gology and otology to be read before that learned body at its annual meeting in June, 1889, with which request he complied. He was a member of the State Medical Society of Maine while practicing there. Dr. Huckins has been married three times. His first wife died in Bangor, Maine, and the second in Los Angeles. His present consort was Mrs. E. M. Farreil, a native of Georgia, whom he wedded in April, 1886. Albert C. Rogkrs, M. D. This gentleman, having been associated with and instructed by the best and greatest minds of our time during the formative period of his medical education, is a representative of the progressive school of his profession. He was born in New York State, January 10, 1850, and is a direct descend- ant of John Rogers, the martyr, a fact which is established in the geneology of the family traced and written by his paternal grandfather, Ben- jamin Franklin Rogers. Clark Truman Rogers, tlie Doctor's father, was a speculator for many years, and is now living a retired life on his farm in Central New York. After four years' preliminary study at Oxford Academyand Alfred University in Western New Y^ork, Dr.Rogers began reading medicine in 1869 with Dr. S. F. McFarland, an eminent physi- cian, formerly of Oxford, now of Binghamton, New York. In 1873 he graduated at the Medi- cal Department of the University of the City of New Y'ork, and commenced a general practice of his profession in Madison County, in that State. Having during his reading developed a preference for the treatment of the eye, ear, nose and throat, he paid special attention to the diseases of those organs, and gained a reputa- tion for their successful treatment. Determin- ing to thoroughly (j^ualify himself for this spe- cialty, he sold out his general practice in 188-1, went to New Yorlf City and took a post-grad- uate course in his alma mater, also a course in the New York Polyclinic and Post-Graduate Medical School. In June, 1885, he received the appointment of assistant house surgeon in the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hospital, corner Park avenue and Forty-first street, and was associated with the distinguished physicians C. R. Agnew, D. B. St. John RoosM, David Webster, and O. D. Poiiieroy. In April of the following year Dr. Rogers was promoted to house surgeon and filled that position one year, giving hiin an experience of about two years and a half as student and practitioner in that noted institution, which treats between 7,000 and 8,000 cases a year. Upon the advice of, and with strong com- mendatory letters of introduction from. Dr. HI6TUliT OF LOS AN OB LBS COUNTY. Agnew and others, Dr. Rogers came to Los Angeles, arriving May 19, 1887, and at once opened an office and entered upon the practice ot liis specialties. Armed with such testimonials from such high authorities, he soon obtained a fine professional business. Dr. Rogers is a member of the California State Medical Society, the Los Angeles County Medical Society, and the Soutiiern California Medical Society. In 1872 he was united in marriage with a Miss Langworthy, 'a descendant of one of tlie old New England families. L. S. Thompson, M. D., senior member of the firm of Thompson & Co., druggists, whose store is in the Downey Block, corner of Main and Temple streets, Los Angeles, is a member of a family of twelve children, si.K sons and si.\ daughters, and was born in Augusta, Maine, in 18i6. When a boy he left JS'ew England, and, going West, located in Minnesota, where he re- mained several j'ears. Having studied for the medical profession, he was employed as surgeon of the engineering corps which surveyed and located the Northern Pacific Railroad, which occupied about three years. After returning from that e.xpedition he attended Starling Medi- cal College, Columbus, Ohio, and graduated at that institution with the degree of M. D., in 1874. He practiced a short time in Shakopee, Minnesota, also serving as United States Pen- sion Agent while there. Coming to the Pacific Coast in 1875, he pursued his profession in Sacramento some six months, alter which he went to the Sandwich Islands, where he was appointed Public Physician, holding that po- sition twelve years. He resigned in 1887 and returned to California, settling in Los Angeles. In July, 1888, the Doctor purchased the drug store previously mentioned, which is doing a prosperous retail business. H. W. Wesixake, B. a., M. D., C. M., is a Canadian, born June 28, 1858. His literary education was obtained in Queen's and Magill universities, where he graduated with the de- gree of B. A., in 1882. After graduation the Dominion Government issued to him a diploma granting him authority to visit and inspect in- stitutes and colleges. He pursued the study of medicine in the meantime, and in 1886 grad- uated at the Toronto School of Medicine, the medical department of Victoria University, with the degree of M. D., C. M. He then went to Europe and took special courses of study in Edinborough Infirmary; in King's College and St. Thomas Hospital, London; in Paris and Vienna, and was awarded diplomas as a special- ist in the ear and eye, throat and lungs, gyne- cology and backteriology. Returning home. Dr. Westlake did some consultation practice in Toronto, and in May, 1888, he came to Los An- geles, arriving on the 15th of that month. He at once opened an office and began practice in the Hollenbeck Block, corner of Spring and Second streets. He devotes his attention to diseases of the ear and eye, throat and lungs, and gynecology, in whicli he has a large prac- tice. Dr. Westlake is a close student of and hard worker in his profession, with bright pros- pects for a future career in this favored portion of the Golden State. William D. Gkeene, M. D. One of the brightest and most successful of tiie rising young physicians in Southern California is W. D. Greene, his father being William Greene, a wealthy rancher residing near Toronto, Canada, and his mother a sister of Rev. Dr. Ormiston, of New York City. W. D. Greene, the sub- ject of this sketch, was born near Toronto, Canada, and was educated in that city at the Toronto University, graduating in May, 1886, with the degree of M. D. C. M. a month or two before his twenty-first birthday, xlfter spending several months in the New York Hospital, he came to California, arriving in Los Angeles in November following his graduation, and imme- diately entered upon the practice of his profes- sion. Dr. Greene occupies a beautiful suite of office rooms in the Longstreet Block, 108 Nortli Main street, and his professional business is equaled in volume by few physicians in this part of the State. Possessing a fine uervo- UISTUUY OF LOS AN(Jb:LES VOUJ^TY. 211 mental temperament, aud having grown up mid the environments of a refined home and associ- ations, Dr. Greene is cnltured in mind and courleons in manner, drawing his associates and friends from tlie bust element of society, lieing ambitions and energetic in his profes- sional work, and one of tlie youngest practi- tioners on the Pacific Coast, a future of great promise awaits him. He is physician to the Caledonian Club, and a member of the Los Angeles Medical Society. The Doctor's fathei- died iii Torento four years ago, and his widowed mother resides with him in Los Angeles. They own a valuable es- tate in the Dominion. Manuel Fernandez, M. D. This gentleman is of pure Castillian blood, born in the Spanish capital on May 7, 1837. He received his liter- ary education and studied medicine in the city of Madrid, graduating at the Medical Univer- sity in that city May 15, 1862. He soon after commenced practice, and has been an active member of the medical profession for twenty- seven years. Although graduated fronj an allopathic school he adopted the homeopathic system of practice after entering upon the active labors of his profession, being the pio- neer homeopathist of his nationality on the Western Continent, and the only Spaniard of this school now practicing in America, save one in Santiago, Chili. Before coming to Cali- fornia Dr. Fernandez spent a number of years in active professional labor in several of the countries of Spanish America — Chili, Peru and Habana. On arriving in San Francisco, Au- gust 30, 1870, he opened an office and remained in the occidental metropolis two years; then spent eighteen months in San Diego, after which he settled in Los Angeles, in June, 1874, and from that time to tlie present has en- joyed a large and prosperous professional busi- ness. In compliance witli the statute just previously enacted, Dr. Fernandez appeared before the State Medical Board, in 1876, and passed the requisite examination as a homeo- pathic practitioner. While engaged in a gen- eral practice, the Doctor has given special at- tention to the study of cancerous or scirrhus tumors, for which he has discovered a treatment that has resulted .in a number of very remarka- ble cures of cases in advanced stages of the disease, so much so that they have been pro- nounced incurable by high medical authorities. By years of patient study of the causes and conditions of cancerous growths and the suc- cessful treatment of this hitherto fatal malady Dr. Fernandez gives promise of becoming, like Harvey and Jeniier, a great benefactor to suf- fering humanity for all time, as he expects to give his discovery to the world in the near future. William Cole Haukison, M. D., is a Louisi- anian by birth, a descendant from the old Har- rison family of Virginia, and a third cousin of General Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States. William Cole Harrison, the grandsire of the subject of this sketch, settled in Louisiana during the last century, and there James William Harrison, the Doctor's father, was born and spent his life. Dr. Harrison was born in 1841, and at twelve years of age went into a drug store to learn the drug business, which he afterward carried on successfully on his own account in the Crescent City for many years. In March, 1862, young Harrison entered the Confederate army as a member of the famous Crescent Regiment, Louisiana Volunteers, and afterward served with the Twentieth Louisiana Infantry, a part of General Hardee's corps. For about nine months of the Doctor's three and a half years' service he was assistant to Medical Purveyor at Atlanta, Chattanooga, and other points. Dr. Harrison studied medicine in New Orleans, and in 1869 finished a course of lectures in the New Orleans School of Medicine, and took a diploma as Doc- tor of Pharmacy, although entitled to the de- gree of M. D. Being urged by his friends to enter regularly upon the practice of medicine, he attended two courses of lectures in the Medi- cal Department of the University of Louisiana, where he graduated in March, 1882, and opened ^f.*^> :vi;x" >a» 4fe !je^ jk. i^ S-flte:-^ >!,^-fe>i, ^- A.\(ih'i h's coi'.xry. 313 oosst'ul pnu'tii'o sfviMi yciirs. His in'olossioiuil work iiivolviMl miu-li ilriviiijj in tlio ooimtry, iiiid in wiiilcr lio iVoiiuiMitly triivolod it liiiiuiroii milos it (lity »\or tlio si\i»\v, witli llii> t(Ki\v /oio, Tlio rij,' oroiis Miiinosotii oliinato was vi'iy Iryinji; tiii tlio li.-allli ..fl.is fimily :is woll ms lus ow.i. atul ho iv>olv,nl to .Mvk ■<. lu.nu- in a l.'ss iVi-ia ami Mton'snmiy olinio. I.iwivinu; tlioro in N >vtMnlu ro.si(lo jiornianontly, us tlioy iii\> (ioiiijhtoii with Soiitliorn ('jiliforniii. Mr. Doilj^o has h cozy suito of oHii'o rooms iit No. 2'20 Soiitii Main atrool. aiui is alroa.ly on joyiiiij ii tino [irot'ossional Imsini'ss. Whiio he (Iol^s It jTonoral pnuitico, ho liivs givon spoi-ial iittontion to liisoiiso.'* of wonion ami cliiMron. 1U> is It luemlior of tlio Los An}:;oli>s l\)niity Mo.lioal Su'ioty, thu lltlifornia Stato Modioal Sooioty and tlio Aiiu'rican Modioal Assooiation, also tho Stato and otiior htcil soriotios in Min- nosota, whoro lio prai'ticod for ton yosu'i^ prior to ooniinj; to (\-ilifornia. I>r. I>.i-,- ins l.,..«ntwioomarriod. Ilislirst wifo was Miss Kosa A. Sii ipso.i niitivo of Yorkshiro. Kngi.tnd, whom iio wodiU>d in IS77. Sho diol in .Inly, ISS;{, h-aviiij; two ohildron \Villi;im |),.d,-o". dr.. horn in Jnno, 1S7S. and Laura L, horn in Novoinhor. ISSO. hi LSSl tho Doctor was joiiiod in marriai^o witli Miss Lydia L. Smitli, a Minnosota lady. One ohild is tho frnit of this union .Mina. horn in Juno, 1885. M.vniKW M.u:k Kannon. M. 1 ». IVw mon ill tho modioal profossimi aro so tlioroiiijhly Cijuippod by odiioational Irainiiio; lor tho dis ohar«jc of its duties as tho gontloinan wdiose namo hoads this skotcli. He was horn in Now York Stato in 1857, and was odnoalod in Mc- Gill and Mishop* universities, and tlio Royal College of I'hysiciaiis and Surgeons, Caniuhi, graduating at the latter in 187St. lie then went to England ans Anoolos Intirniary Sisters' Hospital which position he still (ills very acoeptahly, hosides attendini,' to his line private practice. He is exaniiiiiiii; physician for tho Northern Legion ..f Honor, for tho Young Moil's Institute, and for tho Catlndic lU'iievo- lent Legion, and is a memlior of the Los An- geles County Medical Society. In Octoher, ISIL Dr. Kaiinou married Mi.ss .losophine lioyd Delano, a de>c.'ndanl of a v> ry old New York family, who have lived for over a century in Troy, that Stale. CiiAKi.KS EixtAii Smiiii, M. D., is the son of an inttdlioent, well to-do W-rmont farmer, who, piv' ions to the Doctor's hirth, settled in West- ern .Now York, whore tho suhject of this narra- tive w.as l.oni ill Noveml.er, IS-l'd. His par.'iils romovod to Col.hvalor, Michigan, wh.'n h.' was lifteen years of age. .Vftor nttonding the schools of till' city he spent a year ami a half in La- grange ('oUogiato Institute at Ontario, Indiana. In tho winter of ISlJ'J '70 he traveled throujrli the Southern States; and, returning to ('old- wator in the spring of 1870, lie hogan the study of medicine in the ollico id" Dr. James M. liOng, a man of mark and an old practitioner in the place. .\fter a eour.^e of reading, Mr. Smith etitoroil (Movoland ILmieopathio Hos|)ital Motli- cal C\)lIoge, whore he graduated in 1S74. He at once commeneed practice as a parLiier with his preceptor in Coldwater, continuing in this relation two years. Dr. Smith then went to Cleveland and l.i-eam." associated as assistant with Dr. .N. Sclinei.ler, I'rofos.sor of Surgery, in his .i/„i:f iihttrr. \)r. Schneider was siir.roiui HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. of the Lake Shore Kailroad at the time of the famous Ashtabula disaster, and Dr. Smith being with him, had a memorable and valuable experi- ence in the treatment of the many wounded in that historic event. After a year of association with Dr. Schneiiler in his extensive surgical practice, Dr. Smitli returned to Coldwater, bear- ing with him a very flattering testimonial letter by Dr. Schneider, in wliich he speaks of his re- tiring associate in high complimentary terms, both as a physician and as a gentleman. Dr. Smith resumed practice in the city of his early adoption, in the latter part of 1877, and enjoyed a prosperous business there until the spring of 1883. In the latter year he came to the Pacific Coast, reaching Los Angeles in October, and there opening an office. At the termination of the first six months he had about all the pro- fessional work he could attend to. He also owns Sunny Side Driving Park, situated on Vermont avenue, eight miles from the city, containing 320 acres of fine land; on this the Doctor has had built a club-house and one of the best half-mile tracks in the State. He owns several fine horses, among which is Sultandin, a very promising four-year-old stallion, also a full brother and sister to Sultandin; these are by Sultan, the sire of Stamboul. Dr. Smith luis had a nninber of successful transactions in real-estate during the past two or three years, and now owns some valuable property in the immediate vicinity of the city. The Doctor is a gentleman of refined feelings and tastes, and one of those suave, courteous natures whom it is pleasant to ineet and know. His parents both died before he attained to the years of man's estate. Chaeles a. McDonell, M. D., proprietor of one of the finest drug stores in Southern California, came from Arizona, where he had been several j'ears in business, to the " Angel City " in 1883, for a temporary stay and rest from overwork. Being pleased- with the city and seeing a good opportunity to start a drug store, he opened his present store at 271 North Main street, that year, and lias done a ]irosper- ous and profitaV)le business ever since. His stock comprises everything in the way of phar- maceutical and toilet goods demanded by his large jirescription and retail trade, which gives employment to two experienced pharmacists besides himself. Dr. McDonell was born in Cleveland, Ohio, thirty-five years ago his last birthday, and descends from Highland Scotch parentage. He studied medicine and graduated at Rush Medical College in 1875. After spend- ing a year in P^urope in the hospitals of Vienna, he located in Wisconsin, where he jiracticed his profession several years. He then moved to Globe, Arizona, purchased an interest in a drug store, and carried on the drug business and also practiced medicine. A year after settling there Dr. McDonell became interested in a copper mine and smelting works which he still retains. He owns a bearing vineyard of wine and table grapes five miles southeast of Los Angeles. A number of years ago the Doctor was joined in marriage with Miss Leavitt, a native of New Hampshire. Andrew Francis Darling, M. D., was born in Carroiiton, Kentucky, May 16, 1846. His father, Robert Darling, was a native of Scotland, and for many years a merchant of Carroiiton. His mother, nee Mary E. Giltner, deceased, was a native of Carroiiton and of Dutch descent. The Doctor was educated in the Carroiiton Academy until the age of eighteen years when he began the study of medicine with Dr. Pren- tiss. He graduated as M. D. from the Belle- vue Hospital Medical College, New York City, in 1868, after taking two courses of lectures, he having also taken one course previously at the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio. He then practiced at Circleville, Indiana, being associated with Dr. James Adrian until 1870 when he went to Vevay, Indiana, where he con- tinued his practice until 1880. Since coming to Los Angeles he has made a specialty of the eye and ear, having attended, from 1877 to 1880, eye and ear infirmaries in New York City. Dur- ing the years of 1878 and 1879 he was presi- dent of the Switzerland County Medical As- niSTOR}- Of LOS ANOELES COUNTl'. sociation of Indiansi. In 1885 he was made professor of ophthalmology and otology in the medical department of the University of Sontli- ern California and still occupies that chair. He is a member of the Los Angeles Connty Medi- cal Society and also of the State Medical Society of California. Dr. Darling was married in 1870 at St. Paul, Minnesota, to Miss Amy lihodes, a daughter of William Rhodes, of that city. They have four children: William R., Mary E., Ella E., and Andrew F., Jr. David C. Baeisek, M. D., one of the rising- young physicians of Southern California, was born in Indiana, but passed most of the years of his boyhood, youth and early manhood in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio. Ilis literary and medical education was obtained in the Queen City and in New York. Graduating at the Miami Medical College in 1886, after four years of study in that institution, Dr. Barber found his health much broken from overwork; and on that account, soon after leaving college, came to California. He spent a few months traveling over the State, and being very strongly impressed with the beauties of the climate and country of Southern California, he settled in Los Angeles, opening an office for the practice of his profes- sion on the corner of First and Louis streets, Boyle Heights, where he enjoys a fine practice. In the fall of 1886 he accepted the chair of ])athology, histology and microscopy in the Col- lege of Medicine of the University of Southern California, which he still fills. He is an able instructor and one of the most popular profes- sors in the faculty of that young growing institu- tion. Dr. Barber is a member of the Los An- geles Connty Medical Society, of the Southern California District Medical Association, and the California State Medical Society. He is medi- cal examiner for the Union Central Life Insur- ance Company, of Cincinnati, for this part of the Pacific Coast. Dr. Barber was twenty-seven years of age his last birthday, and few young devotees to the heal- ing art have as ]>roniising a future before them. James Milton Downs, M. D. The medical fraternity has not, in the bounds of Los Angeles County, a more popular and successful member than is he whose name stands at the head of this sketch. He is a native of Kno.x County, Ohio, born September 3, 1856, and the sonofTheoph- olus Downs, an iron manufacturer in his early life, but later a farmer. He moved from Ohio to Fulton County, Illinois, when the subject of this sketch was only a year old, and was a suc- cessful farmer there until his death, which oc- curred in 1871. Dr. Downs received the ordinary common- school education in Fulton County, and in 1876 and 1877 attended Westfield College in Clark County. From 1877 to 1879 he was engaged in business. In 1880 he began the study of medicine at the State University of Iowa, grad- uating in 1882. He at once began the practice of medicine in Swedesburg, Iowa, and continued there until the fall of 1883, at which time he went to Hahnemann College and Hospital at Chicago, Illinois, where he graduated in Feb- ruary, 1884, with the degree of M. D. On the 31st day of March, 1878, he was united in n)arriage to Miss Ida Shields, of Canton, Illinois. This lady is the daughter of James Shields, who was one of the pioneers of Canton, Illinois, and who died in Los Angeles, July 16, 1888. After his graduation at college in 1884, the Doctor moved his family to Canton, where he practiced his profession until Novem- ber, 1886. Then he turned his face westward, and located at Compton, in the "county of the angels." Here he has built up an extensive and lucrative practice, and being yet a young man, bids fair to become one of the leading members of the medical profession. Tlie citi- zens of Compton have honored him with a place in the city council. Socially he is an I. O. O. F., a member of the O. N. A. M., and of U. S. Grant Council, No. 7. His ofiice is located on Main street, and suffering humanity will always find the Doctor ready and willing to ailministcr the healing art, and in him they will find a friciiil, kind, sociable and obliging. HISTOliY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. Dr. William Francis Edgar is a native of Kentucky. His ancestors on his mother's side were of English extraction. His father, Will- iam H., was a Virginian, but of Scotch-Irish parentage. The subject of this sketch when a small boy accompanied his family to Missouri, where he spent the greater part of his minority, when he returned to Kentucky and commenced the study of medicine under the late Prof. Samuel D. Gross, and after graduating in the Medical Department of the University of Louis- ville in 184:8, he, on invitation of the Secretary of War, went to New York City, where he was examined for the position of Assistant Surgeon in the army, and was commissioned as such after passing a successful examination, March 2, 1849. He immediately reported for duty at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, from whence he accompanied a detachment of dragoons to Fort Leavenworth, where he was transferred to the Eegiment of Mounted Rifles, then under orders for Oregon. The regiment in its march across the plains was never out of sight of emigrants to the newly discovered California gold fields (the rush was so great that year), until its route diverged from the California route, west of the Rocky Mount- ains. Two companies were detailed to build and garrison a military post at Fort Hall, on Lewis Fork of Columbia or Snake River; and to this command Assistant Surgeon Edgar was assigned. This post was iu the heart of the country of the Shoshone or Snake Indians, and was intended to protect emigrants on the Ore- gon trail. But it was so difficult of access, and the winters were so severe — the themometer frequently falling to 28° and 30° below zero, causing a loss to the command that winter of over 1,000 head of oxen, mules and cavalry horses — that the post was abandoned the follow- ing spring by order of the War Department, and the command marched to Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia River, where ihey arrived in July, 1850. Their route was through the Cas- cade Mountains and near Mt. Hood. Dr. Ed- gar remained here a few months, and then was stationed at "The Dalles" until the following year. From thence the officers were ordered East on recruiting service, and from there to Texas. What remained of the regiment was transferred to the First Dragoons, with Major Philip Kearny in command, who had orders to organize an expedition by land to California, and also look after the Rogue River Indians en route, from whom bad reports had come through some of the old Oregon pioneers, such as New- ton Craig, and the old bear-tighter. Colonel Joe Meek. The expedition marched from Van- couver in April and came in conflict with the Indians in June. Many Indians were killed, and of the command a number of horses and soldiers were wounded, and Captain Stuart was mortally wounded. J'inally, after chasing the Indians fro'm one stronghold to another, and being joined by some forty volunteers under General Joe Lane, an understanding was had with the chiefs, and peace established, and the command proceeded on its way to California On the 4th of July, 1851, it camped near the foot of Mt. Shasta. Its provisions were reduced to hard-tack and a small quantity uf salt pork. So the officers con- cluded to lunch that day on a big, fat rattlesnake that had been decapitated by the sabre of one of the Sergeants. Early in the afternoon Major Kearny had remarked that he had often been asked if he had ever eaten rattlesnake, and that the next time he was asked he wanted to be able to say that he had. So after some opposition from the cook, the snake was skinned and fried with pork, but there was more snake than pork left after lunch, one of the messmates remarking that the snake swelled so in one's mouth that it went further than they had supposed. Dr. Ed- gar says that it tastes very much like an eel. But a fine grizzly bear was killed and barbecued in the afternoon, which made a satisfactory ban- quet for the whole command. On the 5th the march was resumed, and about the last of July the command reached Benicia, California, from whence it went and joined the force at Sonoma, where were stationed then, among others. Captain (afterward General) Joe Plooker; Major (afterward General) Philip r^XcS 0^. IIIsrOliT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Kearny; Lieutenant Derby (Squibob), author of "Phcenixiana," and other afterward famous men, together with two old Los Angelenos who still hold out, namely: Lieutenant, since Gen- eral and Governor, George Stoneman and Dr. John S. Griffin. Later in the year (1851) Dr. Edgar was ordered to camp, since Fort Miller, on the headwaters of the San Joaquin River, where were stationed two companies of the Second United States Lifantry. The post was afterward completed, and held in check all the hidian tribes between the Merced and Kern rivers. Next spring this command was sent up into the famous Yosemite Valley to punish the Indians there, who had massacred a party of miners. Alter pursuing them some time, amid many diffieulties', a large number were made prisoners, and some of the guilty ones, after in- vestigation, were shot. The old chief, who also expected to be shot, said through the interpreter: "Ah! You have me at last, and you may kill me, but my voice will ring through these mountains for a long time to come!" But on his promise to keep his people from committing any more murders, his life was spared. The troops returned to Fort Miller just in time to suppress a war between ofiicious whites and the Indians of the Tulare country, growing out of the killing by Major Harney of John Savage, a pioneer trader and noted Indian controller. Another stirring event occurred some months later, to-wit, the killing of the noted bandit, Joaquin Murieta, and his companion, "Three- fingered Jack," by Captain Harry Love's Califor- nia Rangers. Joaquin's head and Jack's head and three-lingered hand were severed from their bodies and put into a barley sack and brought on horseback by John Sylvester, one of the rangers, who swam King's River slough, to Dr. Edgar, surgeon at Fort Miller, to be' preserved. As the facilities for embalming in those days and localities were somewhat limited, the heads and hand were put into a keg of whisky with arsenious acid — which was supposed to have been effectual, as it was understood that the specimens were subsequently exhil)ited in various parts of the State. During a considerable period after the execution of Murieta, the band of out- laws, of which he had been the leader, infested the country around Tulare Lake, ostensibly to catch "mustangs," or wild horses, but really to have a pretended occupation and a secure and unfrequented locality to retreat to after their forays as highwaymen. They erected high cor- rals with wings on either side like a partridge decoy pen, into which the mustangs were driven. Here they could be lassoed, and after a little handling ihey were disposed of for whatever could be obtained. In 1852 and 1853 the whole region referred to swarmed with mus- tangs, elk and antelope. Large bands of the latter were seen and hunted by Dr. Edgar and others on the plains where the city of Fresno now stands. Dr. Edgar relates the following amusing incident in this connection: A hunter who made his living by supplying the mining town of Millerton with elk and antelope meat, that being the most easily obtained meat in that part of the country, had a hunting-dress made of cotton cloth, painted in imitation of an ante- lope skin, which, with an antelope's head, made him look very like the real animal, and when he got among them he could slaughter them at his leisure. One day, the hunter having donned his rig, got near the herd of antelope; and a young man, lately arrived in the country, ap- proached the same herd on horseback, from an opposite direction, and, drawing a revolver, was about to fire when the bogus antelope (hunter), fearing that he might be the victim of his own ruse, raised his hand and motioned the young man to desist, which he did for a moment, from astonishment, and then raised his revolver again. Just as he was about to fire the bogus antelope took off his iiead and waved it at the young man, who, seeing this, put spurs to his horse and fled for his life toward Millerton. When asked what was the matter, he excitedly replied: "Matter, well ! I've just seed the d — est sight right out here on the plains that ever I seed before: why I come across a big band of antelopes right out yonder and I HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. drawed my pistol to fire into 'em, and just then a big old antelope raised his foreleg and shuck it at nie. Then as I was about to take aim again, he pulled oft' his d- -d old head and waved it at me, and — that was enough lor me!" Dr. Edgar, after having been ordered to Fort ! Redding, i'l 185 4, and then back, joined a com- pany of tlie First Dragoons which marched to the Tejon Indian Reservation and later estab- lished Fort Tejon. Here the Doctor pitched his tent under an umbrageous old oak, one side of which had been hewed flat, and upon it was engraved: " I, John Beck, was killed here by a benr, October 17. 1S37." Doubting that John carved his own epitaph, the matter was investi- gated. The Indians living near tliere, in the Canada de las Uras, said that the place was greatly infested with grizzlies, which came down from the mountains after acorns, and long be- fore, a party of trappers passed tliere, and one of their number strayed oft' after bear, and wounding one under that identical tree, and sup- posing he had killed it. came too near it, when the brute caught and killed him, and his com- panions buried him there and cut the epitaph for him. It was while Dr. Edgar was camping in his tent under that tree, that one night (^De- cember S, 1S54,) he was called from a sick bed to go out in the mountains in a blinding snow- storm to assist a wounded man of the fort. The night was dark and the ground slippery, causing his horse to lose his footing, whereby the Doctor was seriously injured. At last the man was found; one of his legs bad been broken, a stretcher was improvised, and two men and the Doctor carried him a couple of miles to an abandoned Indian hut, where his wound was dressed. Tiie Doctor returned to the fort about day-light wet, cold and e.xhausted. . About sun- rise (December 9, 1854:) he was stricken with paralysis of the entire left side. Some four months after, he was able to walk and speak; and with a servant to assist him, he was ordered East, on a three months' leave of absence. At the expiration of this, he reported for duty at Jeft'erson Barracks. From thence he was or- dered (with the Second Cavalry) to Texas and then to Florida; and from there, with a lot of invalid soldiers, to New York Harbor. The next year, 1857, he returned to sea with recruits to the Pacific Coast and to Fort Miller again. From thence he went with troops to quiet In- dian disturbances in Oregon. Tiie force was under Captain (afterward General) Ord, whose name is not only famous in the iiistory of his country as a soldier, but also in the history of Los Angeles as the author of the ttrst authentic and important survey made in the city. After being stationed at the Presidio, San Francisco and Benicia awhile Dr. Edgar was ordered to join an expedition in 1858 that wa* to start from Los Angeles against the Mojave Indians on the Colorado River. This was the first time he saw Los Angeles, though he had lived within a hundred miles of it for a year, and in the State for several years. His first night here is still fresh in his memory. He slept in the old Bella Union Hotel, then a two-story adobe. The second story was crowded with lodgers. The partitions were thin; and a guest who had at- tended a '• baile" [hiiU) in Sonora town that night, came lioine late, loaded np full with '• aguardiente," and he went to bed with his boots on, and at once set up the most unearthly snoring that ever was heard, causing such dis- satisfaction among the other lodgers that his door was bonibarded by kicks and pounding which made him turn over with a snort and sub- side, thus giving the other lodgers a chance to sleep in peace. The expedition proceeded via Cajon Pass to the Colorado, where it found evi- dence of the destruction of a party of emigrants by the Indians, in the remains of burned wagons, etc. After punishing the Indians the expedition returned to the Cajon Pass. Subsequetly a much larger expedition was organized by the same and other officers, and marched by way of Tuma and up the Arizona side of the Colorado to the Mojave country. To this force the Indians surrendered and gave hostages, and a treaty of pe^ice was made. Part of the command re- mained to garrison Fort Mojave. and the other HISTORY OF lOS ANGELES COUNTY. 219 part returned to Los Angeles Connty and en- camped near the present location of Compton. Dr. Edgar was ordered to San Diego, where lie remained till November, 1861. He, witii the balance of the regular troops on the coast, was then ordered East to take part in the war of the Rebellion. Dr. Edgar remained some time with the Army of the Potomac, and then was ordered (being promoted to Surgeon with the rank of Major) to BuelTs army in Kentucky, wliere he soon was engaged in organizing a large general hospital in Louisville, which he had charge of until his assignment as Medical Director at Cairo, where, from want of rest and from the effect of the oppressive and uncon- genial climate in summer, he had a partial relapse of tlie former paralysis, which, with other troubles, rendered him unfit for the field at the time, and he was ordered before a retiring board in Washitigton. On examination he was retired from active service. After recovering from the effects of a surgical operation, he was assigned to duty in the Medical Director's of- fice in the Department of the East, and a part of the time he was a member of a board to or- ganize the Signal Corps in Washington. At the close of the war he was assigned the duty of disposing of the effects of the general hos- pitals of that department, and closing them up. After this he was again ordered to tiie Pacific Coast, and was stationed at Drum Barracks, Los Angeles County, in 1866, wiiere he re- mained three years. Finding his health giving way he was relieved from military duty one year, and he retired to his rancli at San Gor- gonio, California, and while there Congress passed a law (January, 1870), which provided that officers retired from active service should be relieved from all duty. After remaining at his ranch a couple of years, and his health im- proving, he came to Los Angeles and practiced his profession nearly five years. In 1881 he sold a part of his ranch, and in 1886 sold the balance. This ranch was originally settled by the old pioneer and trapper, Pauline Weaver, about 1845. It was purchased by Dr. Edgar in 1859, and managed by his brother, F. M. Edgar, till his death in 1874. The Doctor has for several years made his home in Los Angeles, which he thinks, after alibis travels and explo- rations, is the choice spot of the Pacific Coast. Dr. Edgar married Miss Kennefer in New York in 1865. They have no children. The Doctor is an accomplished physician, a thorough man of the world, a warm-hearted, genial friend, and is sincerly esteemed l)y all who know him inti- mately for his many aimable, sterling qualities. Elbert N. Mathis, M. D., one of the promi- nent, rising physicians of Southern California, is a native of Illinois, born in Livingston County, October 5, 1856. He was educated in the State Normal University. For five years he followed the profession of teaching in the Prairie State, studying medicine during the latter part of that period, having previously spent a year in a drug store as a preliminary preparation for his chosen profession. On Feb- ruary 19, 1884, he graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, with a standing in his class that secured him the appointment of intern in Cook County Hospital, which position he filled for a year. Having wisely decided that it is not good for man to fight the battles of life alone, Dr. Mathis was united in wedlock, December 5, 1879, with Miss Mary Blanche Howard, daugh- ter of George A. Howard, formerly of Living- ston County, Illinois, now of Los Angeles. On leaving the hospital Dr. Mathis opened an office for practice in Lake View, a suburb of Chicago, but finding the climate on the border of Lake Michigan too severe for the health of his family, he moved three months later to Streator, Illinois, where he enjoyed a lucrative practice during the two years follow- ing. Mrs. Mathis's friends being in California, and ottering the Doctor special inducements to come to Los Angeles, he decided to immigrate to the Golden State, and reached here on the 30th of November, 1887. Five days later he opened his present office at No. 28 South Spring street. His cash receipts from his first month's 220 HISTOHT OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. practice aggregated $76.75, and from tliat liave steadily increased to nearly $400 cash a month. He has given special attention to the study of rheumatism and catarrhal affections, and has treated those diseases with marked success. He has also achieved a large practice in gynecology. The Doctftr's father, Caleb Mathis, has resided on his farm in Livingston County, Illinois, from early pioneer days. Melvin L. Moore, M. D., of the tirm of Bicknell & Moore, offices northwest corner of Spring and First streets, one of the most promi- nent and prosperous medical firms in Southei-n California, was born in Lakeville, Indiana, thirty years ago last December, and is the son of Dr. Robert Moore, who has been one of the leading practitioners of medicine and surgery of North- ern Indiana for thirty years. He graduated at Wooster Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio, and is now sixty years of age. The subject of this sketch took a ibur years' literary course in Val- paraiso College, after which he entered upon the study of medicine and graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1882, and two years later from Bellevue Hospital Medical Col- lege, New York. The first year at the latter institution was spent in a didactic course and clinical lectures, and the second year in regular work. Dr. Moore located and began practice in South Bend, Indiana. From exposure in professional work during the winter of 188'l:-'85 he took a severe cold and was threatened with symptoms of consumption, which caused him to seek a change of climate; and he spent the following summer on the Pacific Coast in Pasa- dena. He returned East in the fall very much improved in health, and in May, 1886, came to Los Angeles with a view of settling permanently. Forming a copartnership with Dr. F. T. Bick- nell, one of the oldest practitioners and most successful physicians of the city, the firm has from the first enjoyed an extensive medical practice, and now does a business among the largest in the State. Although he does a gen- eral practice Dr. Moore gives special attention to diseases of the throat and lungs, taking charge of that part of the firm's business. He is a member of both the Los Angeles County and the Southern California District Medical societies. In 1880, in South Bend, Dr. Moore was united in marriage with Miss Lizzie Holler, a native of Indiana, and daughter of Hon. Christian Holler, a prominent politician of the Hoosier State, atid several times a member of the Legislature. Dr. Moore and wife have two children: Clarence, seven years old, and Lillian, three years of age. West HuoaEs, M. D. Probably no physician on the Pacific Coast has enjoyed a more thorough educational training for the profession than the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. Born in xlrkansas tiiirty-one years ago, he left his native State at sixteen years (jf age, and enter- ing the University of Virginia, graduated with the degree of M. A. in 1879. He soon after- ward went to Europe, and while there com menced the study of medicine, spending three years on that side of the Atlantic, pursuing his studies in Vienna, Berlin, Paris, and other cities. On returning to the United States he studied a year in the medical department of Harvard University, then entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City where he graduated as M. D. in the spring of 1885. He then served a year and a half on the surgical stafi" of the New York Hospital — the oldest in America, having besn founded by King George III. in 1771. In the further pursuance of his desire to master his profes- sion, Dr. Hughes spent nearly a year in clinical work in a special hospital for diseases of the throat and nose, and in the Eye and Ear Infirm- ary on diseases of those organs. Thus com- pleting a long period of studies preparatory for his professional life-work. Dr. Hughes started, January 1, 1888, for the golden land of the Occident via the Isthmus of Panama, and reached Los Angeles in February following. After having charge of the small-pox cases at San Fernando for six weeks, he opened -in office at No. 75 North Spring street, and is rajiidly uisTonr OF los anobi.eis vounty. gaining a fine paying business. While liis practice is of a general character, the Doctor gives special attention to the treatment of dis- eases of the throat, nose, and to surgery. Dr. Hughes is a member of the Los Angeles County Medical Society. Possessing an active nervous temperament, and belonging to the pro- gressive school of thought and action, he is one of those men who will find "room at the top." IIuKBEET Nadeau, M. D., was born in 1841 in Marieville, near Montreal, Canada. He was given a scientific education at St. Hjaeinth's College, Canada, and in 1862, at the age of twenty-one, he gradnated as M. D. from the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Mon- treal. He then practiced at St. Aimer, Canada, until 1866, when he went to Kankakee, Illinois, and continued the practice of his profession until 1874. While residing there he served two terms of two years each as one of the councilmen of that, city. On leaving Kanka- kee, in 1874, he traveled in the United States and Canada until the spring of 1876, when he located at Los Angeles, where he has since practiced, and where for ten years he has been physician in charge of the French Hospital. In 1879 he was elected coroner of Los Angeles County, which ofiiee he held by re-election up to 1884. In 1885 he was made ]>rofessor and chief of dispensary clinics of the medical de- partment of the University of Southern Cali- fornia at Los Angeles, and now holds that posi- tion. During the year 1883 he was president of the Los Angeles County Medical Associa- tion. He is a Freemason and member of Kankakee Lodge, JS'o. 389, F. & A. M.; Kan- kakee Chapter, No. 78, R. A. M., and Ivanhoe Commandery, No. 53, K. T., all at Kankakee, Illinois. He is also a member of the Oriental Consistory, S. P. R., Chicago, Illinois. Tiie Doctor is unmarried. His father, John B. Nadeaii, was of Fi'ench origin and a well-to- do farmer and prominent man near Marieville, Canada. Elisha T. SnoEMAKEit, M. D., was born at Kittanning, Pennsylvania, in 1850, where he was reared a farmer. His father, Jesse Shoe- maker, was a farmer and of German descent. He died when the Doctor was about three years of age. His mother, nee Susannah Brubaker, was also of German ancestry, and died about 1873. Both were Dnnkards and were strong adherents to that faith. The Doctor completed his literary education at Mount Union Univer- sity, near Alliance, Ohio. In 1874 he began the study of medicine at Oakland, Pennsyl- vania, with Dr. P. W. Shoemaker. After tak- ing two courses of lectures he graduated as M. D. from the medical department of the Michi- gan Stare University at Ann Arbor, with the class of 1877. He then practiced at Clarion, Pennsylvania, nntil 1879 when he went to Sil- ver Cliff, Colorado, and continued his practice until 1882. In that year he came to Los An- geles and has built up an extensive practice. He is a member of the Los Angeles County Medicftl Society, and while in Colorado was a member of the Medical Society of that State. He also served as physician of Custer County, Colorado, in charge of the County Hospital two years. March 21, 1881, he was married, at Silver Creek, Colorado, to Miss Mary E. Rivers, an accomplished teacher in vocal and instrumental music. At one time she was the organist in the Baptist Church at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She is now preparing herself for the practice of medicine, and is in attendance, in the junior year, at the medical department of the Univer- sity of Southern California, and anticipates graduating as M. D. with the class of 1889, They have two children: Gracie E. and Jesse R. The Doctor is a member of East Side Lodge, No. 325, I. O. O. F., of East Los Angeles. Jasper M. Harris, M. D., whose office and drug store are at No. 350 East First street, Boyle Heights, is a Kentuckian by nativity, born in Monticello in 1854. He studied medi- cine and graduated at the Medical University of Louisville, Kentucky, an M. D., in 1881. Opening an office in Liberty, Kentucky, he continued there in practice until 1882, when he UISTOliY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. moved to Greenville, Texas, a place of about 7,000 population, aud one of the most important railroad centers in the Lone Star State. During his residence in that city Dr. Harris did a pros- perous and lucrative professional business; and while there, on July 14, 1886, he was united in marriage with Miss Mamie Upthegrove, daugh- ter of Daniel Upthegrove, a prominent lawyer of Texas, and a Colonel in the Confederate army during the civil war. In November, 1887, the Doctor and his wife moved to Los Angeles, and the following month lie purchased a lot with fifty feet frontage on East First street, and erected a l)lock containing three stores, one of which he occupies for liis drug store and office. The store is stocked with a general line of drugs, chemicals and toilet goods for the retail ti'ade. The business is in charge of a graduated pharmacist of ten years' experience, and the pharmaceutical is an impor- tant feature of it. Dr. Harris is enjoying a fine growing practice, and is much in love with the country and climate of Southern California. J. KiNosi.EY Caeson, M. D. a worthy mem- ber of the medical profession of Los Angeles, and of whom it is fitting that mention should be made in this work, is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He is a native of Illi- nois, born in the city of Jacksonville, March 18, 1853. During his early childhood, his 'father, who was a carpenter and builder by occupation, died. His mother afterward moved to the city of St. Louis, and there the boy was educated and comnienced his medical course of reading, which he completed near Springfield, Missouri, and graduated at the Missouri Medical College in 1883. He then started to practice in Hart- ville, Wright County, that State. From there he moved to Mountain Grove, the same county, where he did a good professional business till he came to California in 1887. Dr. Carson married Miss Thula Wilson in Missouri, of which State she is a native. The delicacy of her health was largely the cause of their immi- grating to this coast. After spending several months traveling in Southern California, seek- ing a desirable location, they selected East Los Angeles, and have since resided there; and the Doctor has already obtained a prosperous prac- tice. Although while in college he took a special course in gynecology, he does not con- line himself to that or any other specialty in his professional work. Dr. Carson is a member of both the Los An- geles County Medical Society and the Southern California District Medical Society. He owns several pieces of real estate in L js Angeles and vicinity, and in San Bernardino. Edward C. Mannino, M. D., one of the most active and prominent practitioners in the home- opathic school oF medicine in Southern Cali- fornia, is the son of Kev. William R. Manning, a Baptist clergyman, and was born in Wiscon- sin in 1851. His father was a pioneer mission- ary in the Northwest before that State was organized, and when it was chiefly inhabited by wild animals and wild Indiajis, Milwaukee being then but a mere village. He preached and taught school in Winnebago County, often traveling twenty miles to fill his appointment on Sunday. His faithful, fearless wife reared their family where Indians were among their nearest neighbors and most frequent visitors, Mrs. Manning being much of the time alone with her children through the day and far into the night. She and her husband were natives of Vermont, and were possessed of that physi- cal and moral courage born of the rugged Green Mountain State. Like most of the preachers of that day, his father was poor, and Dr. Manning started out to earn his own living at twelve years of age, hrst securing employment on a farm. From the age of fifteen to eighteen he worked in a sash and door factory, and not only provided for himself, but contributed largely toward the support of the family during those years. He received his primary education through the kind instruction of an elder brother, and after graduating from the High School, taught for some time. He was also employed a number of years in an organ manufactory as tuner of instruments, studying medicine mean- ^ jt.9.^n^ UxJ^. UltiTOHY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. time, lie attended lectures at tlic Rush Medi- cal College, but before Kiiisiiiiig his course was obliged to conunence practice, locating in Ver- non County, Wisconsin, where he often drove ten miles or more into the country and back, over a rough road, when the temperature was thirty to forty degrees below zero. After four years of practice there, he completed his course in Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago, from which he received the degree of M. 13. in 1882. He then came to Los Angeles, and since that time lias been in active practice here, and now has all the business he can attend to. He has attained large ])ractiee in obstetrics, being re- markably successful in this branch of his pro- fession. In his twenty-second year Dr. Manning was united in marriage with Miss Emma Terry, a native of. Long Island, New York. They have two sons: Merle and William. Dr. Manning traces his ancistry back on his father's side to AVilliam Manning, who came from England and settled in ('ambridge, Massachusetts, in 1634, Dr. Manning is a member of the Los Angeles County Homeopathic Medical Society Kknneth D. Wise, M. D., one of the most eminent surgeons and successful physicians on the Pacific Coast, was born in Kentucky in 1836, and was reared from early childhood in Southern Indiana, where his father, Louis Wise, also a native of the Blue Grass State, married and passed most of his subsequent life, and where he died at little past forty years of age, the father of eleven children. His wife, the Doctor's mother, was Ibrmerly Miss Deborah, the daughter of a prominent clergyman of South- ern Indiana, who began the ministry at eighteen years of age and preached till he was iiinety-si.x years old. The subject of this memoir was thrown on his own resources at ten years of age, since which time he has never received a dollar his own hands or brain have not earned. The orphan lad, though without money or education, was endowed with the elements of which the world's successful men are made, among them a laudable ambition, industry, and an indomitable will which recognized no such word as del'eat. Hav- ing procured employment on a farm, young Wise utilized every spare hour in reading and study. When not at work books were his con- stant companions. Eleven, twelve, and not infrequently two o'clock found liim " burning the midnight oil," pouring over their pages. In his eiibrts to gain an education he was materi- ally aided by the advice and assistance of Harri- son Jones, a cousin, and a self-educated man of superior attainments and intelligence. By the time he had reached his fourteenth birthday Master Wise had chosen his future vocation and marked out his course, and from that day for- ward no obstacle, and they were many and seri- ous, was sufficient to change his determination or thwart his purpose. Whatever intervened between him and his ideal was either brushed aside or surmounted by his iron will and inde- fatigable industry. While plowing in the field he had often observed, with boyish admiration, a neighboring physician drive by, and resolved that some time lie would graduate at the same .college, and become a doctor. At fourteen years of age he was receiving $12.50 per ujontli, and began to buy and study books on anatomy, physiology and other branches pertaining to the science of medicine, and he has been a close student of his profession ever since. In 1860 he attended a course of lectures in Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, and was licensed to practice. Upon the breaking out of the civil war in 1861, he raised a company of volunteei's and entered the Union army as First Lieutenant of Company A, Ninety-tirst Indiana Infantry. After recruiting the company, he having no knowledge of military tactics, induced a friend better posted than himself to take the captaincy. In March, 1863, Lieutenant Wise was promoted to Captain, and at Kenesaw Mountain, he resigned to iinish his medical education so as to enter the medical department of the army. March 5, 1864, having obtained his medical diploma, he re-entered the service as acting assistant I surgeon. He had passed the required exami- HItiTORT OF JMS ANGELES COUNTY. nation for a surgeon in the regular army; but as the war was evidently drawing to a close, lie decided not to accept a commission for that position. In April, 1864, he established the first hospital for colored troops at Knoxville, Tennessee, under Medical Director Curtiss. After putting it in nice running order he was ordered to establish a hospital at Greenville, Tennessee, the latter ])art of the same month. In the early part of June following he was or- dei-ed, in company with Dr. Kitchen, to estab- lish a field hospital for white men at Knoxville, Tennessee, with 1,500 beds, it being the largest hospital ever established in that part of the country. Soon after Lee's surrender Dr. Wise resigned and returned home. After traveling extensively through the South he opened an ofticc for the practice of his pro- fession in San Antonio, Texas. At the end of a year he moved to Monterey, Mexico, and re- mained there until 1872, when he came to Los Angeles, and has ever since carried on a large and lucrative professional business, except one year, 1881, which he spent in Europe, for the prosecu- tion of his medical studies, thus completing in 1881 the course he had mapped out when a lad of fourteen, plowing in the field. He had grad- i uated from the same medical college in America, and the same one in Europe, as the physician previously mentioned in this sketch, who was the unconscious source of the youthful plow boy's in- spiration. The resolution heroically made thirty years before had been faithfully carried out with unwavering fidelity, and the goal reached, though the road had been a long one and beset with many difficulties. By this dauntless perseverance and concentration of effort to master his profession Dr. Wise has not only risen to the front rank as surgeon of this coast, but he has achieved an ample fortune solely from his professional labors. The example and success of this poor, illiterate orphan boy is well worthy the emu- lation of the youths of to-day, none of whom have greater obstacles to surmount. Dr. Wise has been twice married. His first wife was formerly Miss Stoney, of San Antonio, Texas, who bore him one child. Miss Alice Wise, now a young lady. His present wife is tlie daughter of H. E. Makinney, a self-made man and a prominent lawyer of Santa Cruz County, California, and many years clerk and treasurer, successively, of that county. Ken- neth D. Wise, Jr., five j'ears of age, is the only child born of this marriage. M. Dorothea Lummis, M. D., is a native of Ohio, born in the old city of Chillicothe, No- vember 9, 1858, her parents being Josiah H. and Sarah (Swift) Rhodes. At sixteen years of age she became a B. A. of Portsmouth Female College, afterward taking a two years' course at Madame Emma Seller's famous Conservatory in Philadelphia. In 1884 she graduated at the Boston University School of Medicine with the degree of M. D., and the following fall, resign- ing her position as resident physician of tiie Boston Conservatory of Music, removed to Los Angeles, where she opened an office and has practiced her profession ever since with flatter- ing success. In 1880 Miss Rhodes was married to Charles F. Lummis, a journalist, and for several years city editor of the Los Angeles Times. Dr. Lummis is president of the Los Angeles County Homeopathic Medical Society, to which position she was elected at the last annual election of the society. She is prominently identified with various charitable organizations, and was chiefly instrumental in reviving the Humane Society of Los Angeles, for the prevention of cruelty to animals; and in organizing the IlumaneSociety of Los Angeles County, for the prevention of cru- elty to children, which was effected January 13, 1886. Through the Doctor's zealous personal interest and labor in this most worthy cause, great good has been accomplished in both de- partments of this humane and benevolent work, producing radical reforms in the treatment of children, and of domestic animals, especially horses in the street-car service and elsewhere. She is secretary of the Los Angeles Humane Society. Dr. Lummis is a lady of cultivated literary HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. tastes, and besides being tlie dramatic critic of tlie Los Angeles Times for the past year or two, has been a frequent contrii)iitor to tlie coinmns of the current press. Elizabeth A. T'ollanshek, M. 1)., was born in the State of Maine, and, when fonr years of age, moved with her parents to Brooklyn, New York. At tlie age of nine years she went to Europe and spent two years in the schools of France. After a year passed at home she returned and attended school in the city of Paris four years. Iler father, Captain Alonzo FoUansbee, having died, her mother removed to Boston, and there Miss Follansbee's literary education was completed under private tutors. Entering the educational iield as a teacher, she was preceptress in the Green Mountain Institute for some time; then accepted the position of instructor in Hillsdale Seminary at Mount Clair, J^ew Jersey. In her ardent zeal and close application to school-room work she overtaxed her somewhat delicate phys- ical powers, so impairing her health that she resigned her position in 1873 and caine to Cali- fornia. After stopping for a time in San Fran- cisco, she went to Napa City, and again engaged in teaching, andalso began the study of medicine. In 1875 Miss FoUansbee entered the medical departmi-nt of the University of California to attend her first course of lectures, she and Mrs. Dr. Wanzer, of San Francisco, being the fii'st ladies to enter that institution after it had opened its doors to women. At the close of that term Miss FoUansbee went East and entered the College of Medicine and Surgery in the Uni- versity of Michigan. After attending the full term, on the eve of examination, she received a telegram from Boston tendering to her the po- sition of intern in the Hospital for Women and Children in that city, if she could come at once. She accepted, and tilled the place with fidelity and ability until, wishing to further pursue her medical studies, she left to take a course in the Women's Medical College of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she graduated with high honors in 1877, having won the $50 prize for best essay of lier graduating class, her subject | being, " Meview of Medical Progress." The award was made by the faculty at the recom- mendatioti of i'ruf. Henry Hartshorn, of the University uf Pennsylvania, sitting as critic. Having suppletnented her regular course with : a special course on pathological anatomy, and an extra course of lectures in the Pennsylvania Hospital, Dr. FoUansbee returned to the Pacific Coast and opened an office in San Francisco. She soon obtained a fine practice, and being elected physician to the Pacific Dispensary Hospital for women and children, assumed its duties in ad- dition to her private practice. This double lal)or proved too great for her powers of endur- ance and she was prostrated with a severe attack of pneumonia, which compelled her to resign her connection with the hospital, much to the expressed regret of the medical board. Being advised to seek a milder climate than that of the Pacific metropolis, she spent a few months in Napa, but, finding that climate also too harsh for her delicate organism, she came, in February, 1883, to Los Angeles. As her returning health permitted she resumed the practice of medicine, and has for years enjoyed a large and prosperous business, confining her practice almost exclusively to her own sex and to children. Dr. FoUansbee occupies a high rank in her profession, and is an honored member of the Los Angeles County Medical Society, and the Cali- fornia State Medical Society. She has been from the opening of that growing and prosper- ous institu'tion, and is now, professor of diseases of children in the College of Medicine of the University of Southern California. She is thoroughly in love with her profession, and is an enthusiastic student and energetic prac- titioner. Thoroughness being a ruling trait in her character, she enters upon her undertakings with a zeal and will which insure success. Nu- merous flattering testimonials from high educa- tional authorities evidence her superioi'ity as a teacher. Dr. FoUansbee is a fine French scholar, a lady of broad culture and iesthetic refinement, whom to know is to esteem and admire. UISTOHY OF LOS ANOMLES COUNTY. 13. HoMEB Faiechild, M. D., is a native of New York, born in 1828. Ills father, Joiin H. Fairchild, was a native of Canada, where he married Miss Elizabeth Hager. He was a civil engineer by profession. In his yonth the sub- ject of this sketch accompanied his parents to Michigan and located in Detroit, where he was reared and educated, and entered upon the study of medicine. In 1855 his failing lieallh com- pelled an abandonment of liis medical studies, and he sought a restoration of health in Cali- fornia. Upon his arrival in the State, he joined his brother, John B. Fairchild, and for several years was engaged in stock-raising and dealing in live-stock, in Los Angeles County, and also driviiio- herds of cattle from that county, which they sold in the mining counties of the North. Ujxin Dr. Fuirchild's return to Michigan he re- sumed his niiMlical studies. Early in 1864 he entered the United States Naval service, and was assigned to duty in the Mississippi squadron as surgeon's steward in charge of the United States steamer Undine, he having full charge cf the Undine from the time slie was put in commission till slie was captured and su k by the rebels. He then resigned and completed his medical studies in the medical department of the University of Michigan, after which he entered upon the practice of his profession. lie was also engaged in agricultural pursuits and other enterprises in Michigan until 1880. In that year he returned to Los Angeles County and took up his residence in Pomona, and en- gaged in the practice of medicine until 1886. He then purchased a tract of wild and unculti- vated land located north of Claremont, now "Fairview Ranch." The Doctor's lands are well adapted to fruit culture, with plenty of water for irrigation from the San Antonio Canon. He was at one time one of the largest honey producers in Los Angeles Connty. One of the most noticeable features of his improve- ments while clearing his land is the miles of massive stone division walls which he is erect- ing. These walls, the stone lor which is obtained in clearing the land, are four feet at the base and five feet in height, and of symmet- rical proportions and finish. "Fairview Hall" is an ideal Southern ranch residence. It com- mandsamagnificent view of tlie San Jose Valley, and with its beautiful stream of water it affords a desirable home. The substantial farm build- ings display his creditable enterprise. The Doctor has other landed property and business interests, among which is a marble quarry in San Bernardino County, that he is developing. He is also the owner of business and residence property in Pomona. Dr. Fairchild has for many years been closely identified with the in- terests and development of Pomona and the San Jose Valley, and is well and favorably known in the community. lie is a member of the Episco[>al Church, and also a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, being a Master Mason and a Knight Templar. In political matters he is a llepublican. In 1876 Dr. Fairchild was united in marriage with Mrs. Sarah A. (Stowell) Aspinall, of De- troit, Michigan, who has more than a local reputation for her lavish hospitality to all callers at " Fairview Hall." JouN T. Stewart, M. I)., is ranked among the representative professional men of Southern California. He is a native of Harrison County, Kentucky, dating his birth in 1850. His father, William H. Stewart, was a native of Indiana, who, in his young manhood, located in the county of Harrison, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits. The Doctor's mother was nee Eliza- beth A. Webb, a native of Virginia. The sub- ject of this sketch was reared in his native county, receiving the advantages of an academ- ical education until eighteen years of age. He then commenced his medical studies under a prominent physician of Harrison County, and in 1870 entered the Cincinnati College of Medi- cine and Surgery. After graduating at that institution, in 1873, he entered u])on a course of studies and lectures at the Jefferson College, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and later, in 1878-'79, engaged upon a special course of study in surgery at the Bellevue Hospital in New UlSTOUr OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. York. The Doctor spent many years in the temperature and rainfall in his locality for study of his chosen profession, in the best several years. The tables he has thus compiled schools in tlie United States, after which he re- are reliable and have been extensively published. turned to Harrison County and ensjasjed in tlie l^elow is his report for 1888: active practice of his ])rofession, which he suc- cessfully conducted until 1887. In that yeai- Dr. Stewart came to Califoriiia and soon after his arrival located at Monrovia, Los Angeles County. He was one of the iirst physicians who commenced practice in that city, and his skill and talents soon secured him a large and lucra- tive practice and gained him the respect and esteem of the community. Dr. Stewart takes a deep interest in the growth and prosperity of Monrovia. He is a member of the board of health of that city and also a member of the board of trustees. In political matters he is Democratic. He is a member of Mullen Lodge, F. & A. M., of Berry, Kentucky; and also of the Monrovia Lodge, I. O. O. F. He is a member of the Kentucky State Medical Society and also of several local societies. In 1881 Dr. Stewart was united in marriage with Miss Sue Martin, a native of Kentucky. Mrs. Stewart's parents are Mortimer D. and Zerilda (Sellars) Martin, natives of Kentucky. Dr. and Mrs. Stewart have one child: Charles Mortimer. De. Thomas Rigg, Pasadena, was born in 181-4, in England, and his early life was spent in a chemical laboratory. In 1840 he came to Philadelphia and engaged in chemical and dye- ing business, and in the meantime studied medi- cine. In 1853 he moved to Johnson County, Iowa, and there engaged in farming and the practiceof medicine. In 1882 the Doctor came to California and settled in Pasadena, since which time he has led a quiet and retired lite. Being a lover of scientific pursuits, he has a high order of pleasure which he would not exchange for any other. There is no field of mental activity so vast and so varied as that of nature, and happy is he who has inherited a disposition so normal and a capacity so great as to take his supreme delight in rambling through it. Dr. liigg has kept a correct account of the TEMPEHATURB. Mill. Mux. 7n. m. 2 p. m. 9 p.m. Mean •Jiiuu^i-y :^n-3 57.3 40.8 57.0 45.1 47 2 February U.'i Gi.5 46.0 62.3 50.3 531 March 44. G 63.3 43.6 02 51.2 o.i 3 April 51.3 73.9 5S 5 72.1 58 Gl'? May 31.1 70.6 55.8 69.8 55.8 59'2 June 55.0 .-0.4 63.0 78.7 01.9 66 4 J'lly 57.7 87.7 67.1 85.8 66 2 Tl's August 57.4 89.1 65.4 87.4 66 6 715 Sf-ptember.. ..61.3 89.9 69.7 88.3 68 1 73'o October 54.0 78.2 59.7 77.4 60 6 64 6 November 48.8 68.7 53.1 68.5 54.4 58 6 December 45.9 64.8 49.0 64.5 53.0 54^4 Mean of year. .50, S 73.8 52.4 73.8 57.3 61.1 HDMIDITY. 7 a. m. -i p. m. 9 p. m. Mean January .74.9 49.6 73.5 66 February 7S.3 55.3 77 3 70 5 March 75.8 61.1 83.5 73 5 April 73.3 53.7 76.4 675 May 81.3 54.9 81.8 73 6 June 71.6 46.8 74.3 64*3 July 07. 4 39.5 71.0 59.5 August 70.9 38.3 73.8 60 7 September 67 6 40.3 74.4 60 3 October 74.1 4S.0 79.0 67 1 November 73.4 53.9 79.3 68^5 December 76.2 51.6 78.4 66^4 66.4 Mean of year ...73.7 49.3 76.4 RAINFALL IN INCHES. January 7.63 July 00 February 1.51 August 00 March 5.13 September 00 April 21 October 09 May 03 November 5.81 June 00 December 6.93 Total. 27.86 H. G. Cates, M. D., of Santa Monica, was born in Vassalboro, Maine, in May, 1863, and is the son of Dr. C. B. Cates, who was for many years a practicing physician, and who died in Santa Monica al)out one year ago. The subject of this biographical notice was educated at • Colby University in Waterville, Maine, where he gradutated in the year 1883, being the youngest member of the class, and received the degree of A. B. After finishing his literary education he went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and, as a student of medicine, entered the hos- pital college. At this college he graduated in 1887. After attending the lectures there he BjyiOIiY OF i.0^■ Al^OELEti COUNIY. came to California and legan practicing tlie "healing art" in the "city by the sea"' and the country surrounding. It has taken but a short time to show the people that he possesses both knowledge and t.kill as a physician and surgeon. As an enterprisng business man he is ranked among the first. The " Gates's Block" in Santa Monica, at the corner of Third street and Utah avenue, is a credit to tlie city, and stands as a monument to its enterprising and public-spirited builder. The structure is a tine brick building 50x68 feet, and two stories high. Two large commodious store rooms are in the first story, and the second is nicely finished up for offices, in one of which the Doctor may be found when not professionally engaged. Mrs. Gates was formerly Miss Ella Van Every. Their residence is on the corner of Fourth street and Arizona avenue. Dr. Gates is yet a very young man, and has before him the jiossibilities of a very useful life. As a citizen he stands well in the community, and as a physician, has abilities which are recognized by all. Dk. Gakeoll Kendeick, M. A., was born December 29, 1815, on Bigby Greek, eighteen miles from Golumbia, Tennessee. When he was about four years old his parents moved fioui Tennessee to Lauderdale Gounty, Alabama, where he grew to manhood. His parents were honest, intelligent and industrious, and his mother was especially pious. In the family there were nine girls and four boys. His brother, Allen Kendrick, was a brilliant and able preacher of the gospel, and died in Tennessee in 1859. Garroll Kendrick was early and deeply impressed that he ought to become a Ghristian. After reading the Scriptures for several years, he was convinced of what he should do to be saved, and he met his brother, then an active evangelist, forty miles away, and was by him immersed "for the remission of sins." Having become a Christian, he felt it to be his duty to preach. At this time he had the care of his mother and four sisters; and no schools, no church- meetings, no papers, and no books except the Bible. Al- most two years passed in this way; then he went alone about 120 miles, and among strangers, except his sister and her husband, he made the ex])eriinent, speaking several times. In the meantime he had moved his mother and sisters to West Tennessee, and with his brother secured a home. Strong in faith and full of zeal, he, with W. II. liutherford, spent some four months iu going over West Tennessee, preaching in private houses, school-houses, etc., to many or to few — generally to few — with no assurance of support from any man, but they had good meet- ings, and brought many within the fold. One year he spent near Mooresville, Alabama, and went eight miles to recite his Latin and Greek. In the summer of 1836 he went alone, on horse- back, about 300 miles, to attend the first State meeting he had ever heaid of. It was at Har- rod^burg, Kentucky. At that time he was en- couraged to enter Bacon College, situated there, and borrowed the money to pay his tuition and board. While at college he preached at Dan- ville, Perryville, Lawrenceburg and other places, receiving enough to pay his indebtedness. Dr. Kendrick was married October 15, 1840, to Mary Wade Forbes. Soon alter leaving college he showed great ability in a debate at Stanford, Kentucky, with Bev. N. L. Bice, a talented pedobaptist minister. The years 1845- '46 he spent with the First Church in Louisville, and while in that place he founded Second Church, on Hancock street, and edited and pub- lished the Christian Journal. From there he moved to Llarrodsbnrg, and published the Ec- clesiastical Reform. In 1851 he moved to Texas, where he spent nearly twenty-seven years. In the meantime the honorary degree of M. A. had been conferred upon him by Franklin Col- lege, and he held also his medical diploma. At that time money was scarce in Texas, and he was compelled to practice medicine tor a living. In 1877 he came to Oakland, California, lor the benefit of his own health as well as that of his wife. After living in Oakland three years, in 1880 he moved to Downey, Los Angeles County. In 1883 Mrs. Kendrick died, her nine U I STORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY children all being present at the time of her death. The subject of this sketch has been practically a missionary man, and has given nearly fifty- two years to the work. Piiysically, he knows not what fear for personal safety is. Morally, he is a hero. Ilis success in money-making shows what he might have done in this line if he had given attention to it. Dr. J. Carroll Kendrick, his son, now a prac- ticing physician and surgeon in Downey, was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1845. His literary education was received at Lexington, and his professional and medical education at Cin- cinnati and the medical department uf the University of Louisville, graduatii'g at the for- mer institution in 1871. He practiced iirst in Texas, then in Chicago, after which he came to California. He continued his practice four years in Oakland, and in 1882 came to Downey, where he has built up a large and lucrative practice. A brother of his, Joseph Judsou Kendrick, M. D., was professor in the California Medical College at Oakland for a number of years, and died while iii his prime, a physician in Denver, Colorado. Dr. J. Carroll Kendrick was married in 1878 to Miss Josie Ford, the daughter of Judge Spen- cer Ford, of Texas. They have an interesting family of five children: Josie, Albert Carroll and Pattie Leigh (twins), Julien Carroll, Jr., and Benjamin Carroll, Jr. The Doctor lives in his pleasant home at No. 1001 College avenue, Downey, where, surrounded by his family and friends, he extracts, perliaps, as much of life's true pleasures as any man living. Dk. EnwiN LovELLE BuRDicK, General Su- perintendent and Resident Physician of the Los Angeles County Home, is a native of Cortland County, New York. His father, V. M. Bur- dick, was a farmer, ana moved 'o Hlinois when the Doctor was only five years old, and engaged in farming near Elgin. The subject of this sketch received his literary education at Al- bion, Wisconsin. His professional education was received at Uusli Medical Colleire in (Jlii- cago, College of Physicians and Surgeons in Kansas City, and also at Twenty-third street and Fourth avenue College in New York City, After completing his education he practiced four years at Valley Falls, Kansas, and in 1875 came to California for his health. Here he re- mained four years and then went to Arizona and was api)ointed county physician, which position he held eight years. AVhile there the Doctor served as county treasurer for Mohave County one term, and was member of the Ter- ritorial Council one term. In the year 1872, while in Wisconsin, he married Miss Mary L. Potter, of Janesville, that State. In 1887 the Doctor located in Los Angeles County. He is the owner of valuable property in different parts of the county, but at present his time and attention are devoted to his duties in the office at the Los Angeles County Home. The grounds of this institution contain 120 acres, and the buildings accommo- date about 250 persons. The grounds are un- der the management of a steward, and the inmates who are able to, work. In the near future a new house will be erected, at a cost of $8,000, as a residence for the superintendent and his family. De. a. McFarland, physician and surgeon at Compton, was born in Londonderry, Ireland, in 1846, and is the son of Andrew McFarland, who was a surgeon in the British army, and a graduate of Edinburgh, Scotland. At the ago of six years he was sent north on a whaling expedition and was out four and a half years. Within that period his father had come to America and was demonstrator of anatomy in Jefferson College, Philadelphia. He sent back to Ireland for his son, who, in 1857, joined the father in the new world, and entered school at Burlington, New Jersey. In 1861 he entered the Fourteenth Illinois Infantry, under General Palmer, and was promoted to the rank of Ser- geant,, serving until the close of the war. Ho then went to Italy and served in the Papal army for seventeen months. While there ho was Captain ami commanilc<-1^ HISrORT OF LOIS ANGELEIS COUNTY. CHAPTER XVIII. POPULATION AND GROWTH. IT is impossible at present to state the exact population of Los Angeles, city or county. This can he known only when the official census of 18'J0 has been completed. Various estimates of the city's population, however, have been made recently. Such estimates are based on directories and school statistics. They fix the total population of the city at 70,000, and in some instances as high as 90,000. It is probable that about 75,000 comes nearest to the correct figures. In 1880, according to the cen- sus, the population was only 12,000. Daring the ensuing three years the increase was steady, but by no means rapid. Early in 1884 a tolera- bly lively influx of "new settlers" began, and from that period down to this summer of 1889 the growth has been very rapid. In five years Los Angeles advanced from a comparatively ob- scure county seat, to the proud position of the second city on the Pacific Coast. In fact it is the fourth American city west of the Missouri River. Within the year 1888 a vast amount of building was accomplished, many such improve- ments being commodious and elegant business blocks, whose architecture and appointments would be creditable to any city in the United States. A sketch of Los Angeles City made in 1854 by tlie artist of the Williamson survey, is here presented. It is taken from Fort Hill, looking east. The Catholic Church, the plaza, Main, Aliso and Los Angeles streets are plainly dis- tinguished. This view gives correctly every house as it then stood in the city. It is the first picture ever taken of the city, and is copied from a lithograph in possession of B. A. Stephens. The following table of assessments of city property is compiled from the books of the city assessor. Erom it the reader can obtain a cor- rect idea of the city's growth: VALUATIONS CITY Fiscal Real Year. Estate. Improve- Money. Property. Frau- chises. Total. 1RH3-3 188:3-4 IK84-.'j 1885-6 1886-r 1887-8 $ 4.043,9.53 5,160,283 "8,384',4T5 9212.508 11,948,815 ■2T;832,468 $2,179,985 '8,977,12.1 4,570,185 4,943,030 8 38,360 59,642 ' 65,9.55 108;0.t8 $1,124,643 1,370,221 2,3i2:5i6 2,347,720 2,398,122 ■171,1.56 173,915 60,900 $7,627,6')2 9308447 12,235,053 14,721,215 16,432,435 18,451,525 27,803,924 39,479,172 1888-9 6,007,595 1,396,954 4,217,061 3,io6 The city has square miles, and a population of at of this wonderful fifteen years, the the number of its up into hundreds Its growth duri In 1880 the popu an area of nearly thirty-six hence is capable of containing least 1,000,000. If the future city is judged of by the past time is not far distant when i inhabitants will reach away of thousands. ng tliat period is phenomenal, lation of the city was 11,000; HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. now, according to popular estimate, it is about 85,000, and steadil}' increasing. On the hill- sides in East Los Angeles a park of fifty acres is being beautified, and in the north part of the city a tract of 420 acres is also to be improved as a pleasure ground for the people. The city boasts four colleges and other institutions of learning, a medical college, public library, pub- lic schools, two score of church edifices, a board of trade, a chamber of commerce, banks pleth- oric with capital, and appliances for all kinds of business on a most magnificent scale. Of news- papers, those educators of the people and re- flectors of the city's prosperity, there are many, and as a rule they are managed with enterprise and tact. The following statement from the Federal census of 1880 to the present, shows the in- crease of population of Los Angeles City from 1880 to 1887: 1880, 11,311; 1884, 28,285; 1885, 32,528; 1886, 45,000; 1887, 65,000. In- crease of 1887 over 1880, over 474| per cent. The above figures give only the resident popu- lation, and do not include the thousands of vis- itors coming for health and pleasure. NATIONALITIES. Los Angeles is becoming quite a cosmopol itan city. Almost every nation in the world has here its tepresentatives. The controlling element is the genuine American, who is con- tent to speak and write the English language, without attempting to use any foreign dialect. But there are also many foreign-born residents, who, as a rule, are intelligent, industrious and honest. Among the Irish-Americans is Doctor Richard S. Den, for a long time a prominent physician of the city. He is a man of sterling character and scientific knowledge. Hon. John G. Downey, an Irishman who re- sides in Los Angeles, was one of California's most noted Governors, and is one of the early supporters of the University of Southern Cali- fornia. Hon. E. F. Spence, President of the First National Bank, another Irishman, was recently mayor of Los Angeles. Two years ago he gave $10,000 to the University, and more recently, as he was leaving on a European tour, gave his check for $50,000 to the same institution, with which to found an astronom- ical observatory. There are Irish lawyers, Irish clergymen, Irish doctors, and Irish mer- chant, who are a credit to the land of their adoption and to the city in which they live. The Germans are also quite numerous and influential. They support a daily paper and other enterprises peculiar to their nationality. The Turnverein Society is a rich and influential German organization. The German Lutheran Church, the German Methodist Episcopal Church, and the German Evangelical Church are all quite- wealthy organizations atid com- pletely out of debt. Hon. L. J. Rose, a native of Germany, was a State Senator from Los Angeles; and Isaiah W. Hellman, also a native of that country, is a member of the board of regents of the California State University. There are not numy Scandinavians, as they in- stinctively seek a colder clime. The French are here in large numbers. They comprise all classes, from the ignorant Breton to those who bear titles of nobility. Two weekly papers are published in the French, and one in the Basque language. There are about 4,000 persons of British birth residing in Los Angeles and vicinity. Their native land has long been ably repre- sented here by Hon. C. White Mortimer, Brit- ish Vice-Consul. The Queen's jubilee is cele- brated in Los Angeles with great eclat. D. Freeman, Esq., a wealthy member of the Eng- lish colony, is one of the best known and most popular citizens of the county. Canadians are very numerous, and almost all have, soon after their location here, become citizens of the United States. Hon. P. Beaudry, formerly of Montreal, has been mayor of Los Angeles; Dr. H. Nadeau has been coroner of Los Angeles County and president of the Los Angeles County Medical Society. Hon. G. W. Knox has represented Los Angeles County in the State Legislature. W. AV. Robinson, a HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. native of Nova Scotia, has held several im- portant public positions, and was for eight consecutive yeare city auditor. The Spanish-speaking population lias already been referred to. Scores of them have held im- portant positions, from tiiat of congressman down to that of constable, and their records in these places have ever been honorable. The Ciiinese are a prominent factor in the population of Los Angeles. There are between two and three thousand of them. They were formerly very extensively employed as servants for general housework, but latterly trained white and colored servants are gradually taking their places. The Chinaman, as a rule, with occasional exceptions, is not desirable help in the household. On the ranch, or elsewhere, if engaged at out-door work, he can be tolerated when white men are not obtainable. VOTKRS. The following table shows the number of legal voters in the City of Los Angeles, and the nativity of each. The list is compiled from the revised "great register" of JNovem- ber, 1888: NATIVE BORN. FOREIGN BORN. .... 103 Africa .... 61 . . 1,118 10 California Austria Colorado Belgium .... 160 ... 29 8 Fl.in.lM Carcliui- iNlimds Illin"i> 95 .... 859 Ci-Hlrul Aiin.Tic(i China Cuba 49 .... 362 Denmark. Kentucky East Indies Louisiana .... 121 England Maine .. . 334 Europe Maryland .... 140 Michigan .... 227 (ifr. .• Minnesota S=r;:::;-;-;-: 86 .... 455 Holland Honduras .. Nebraska Nevada Ireland New Hampshire .... 114 IsleofMan New Jersey . .. 175 Italy NewYork .... 1,649 Jamaica Ohio .... 1,352 Montenegro Oregon New Brunswick Pennsylvania .... 980 NewFoundland Khode Island 44 New Zealand South Carolina 42 Nicaragua Norway Nova Scotia . .. 193 .... 185 Poland ... .■.■.■.•.•.■.■.■.•.■.■; PorloKico West Virginia ... .'54 Portugal Russia Total, all States ...,11.363 ScoUand NATIVE BORN. Arizona 12 Idaho 2 Indian Territory 1 Montana ' 3 New Mexico 8 Utah 17 Washington Territory 10 Total, all Territories 52 District of Columbia ... 30 United States 2 Grand total native born. ..11,445 FOREIGN BORN. Sicily 1 South America 1 Spain 8 Surinam 2 Sweden 51 Switzerland 76 Turkey 2 West Indies 5 Western Isles 1 AtSea 5 Nowhere 1 Total foreign born 3,218 Grand total all voters .... 14,662 INTERESTS. Los Angeles does not boast of being a manu- facturing city, yet it contains quite a number of rather e.xteiisive manufactories, and. there is a prospect of the number increasing largely dur- ing the ensuing year. Among the establish- ments now in operation are nine iron foundries, with several hundred employes; three flour and feed mills, turning out about 500 barrels of flour daily; a dozen planing-mills, employing from twenty to sixty men each; several brick- kilns, turning out an aggregate of 250,000 brick daily; an extensive pottery; several factories for the manufacture of iron irrigating pipes, employing several hundred men ; several carriage and wagon factories; cigar-factories, employing 150 men; six soap-factories, with about fifty employes; one ice-factory, two broom-factories, and one cracker-factory; there are six granite- works, employing a large number of stone- cutters; at least 200 men are constantly engaged in manufacturing artificial stone for sidewalks and water-pipes; two factories for the manu- facture of soda and mineral waters; an estab- lishment for the purpose of pulling wool by steam from sheep-skins; a hair- factory, where hair and moss is prepare! for inattress-makers and upholsterers ; several mattress-factories ; very large furniture-factories; two breweries, that use 20,000 sacks of barley and 300 bales of hops per year; several wineries and brandy- stills; one woolen-mill; canneries and fruit- crystallizing works; eight candy-factories, one very extensive; one wliolesale ice-cream factory; two vinegar and pickle works; several cooper- shops; shirt-factories; box-factories, for making boxes for oranges and other fruits; several coffee HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. and spice mills; a bone-dust factory; and several establishments for the manufiicture of tin-ware. There are car-shops, where the cars for street railways are made. The car and locomotive repair shops of the Southern Pacific Company are also located in Los Angeles. There are jewelry worke, electric works, straw works, lithographic works, hat factories, tanneries, fruit-drying establishments, and a pork packing cold-storage company, with a capital of $300,000. Los Angeles City is the center of wholesale trade for Southern California, and also Ari- zona. The completion of the proposed Los Angeles & Utah Railroad would open up a great additional extent of tributary territory. Manufacturing has been largely stimulated by the cheapening of fuel; and when the petroleum pipe lines now in course of construction are completed, a large increase in this branch of business is certain to ensue. Already the list of manufacturing establishments is quite large. It numbers nearly 600, and in the list is the establishment for the manufacture of terra cotta and pressed ornamental brick, of which there are only two such manufactories west of the Rocky Mountains. It should be mentioned as a fact pertaining to the wholesale trade that the total receipts at the Custom House at the port of Los Angeles (San Pedro) for the fiscal year ending July 1, 1888, were $139,330.79. The retail trade of the city is also very large, and steadily increasing. The business of raising and peddling vege- tables engages the attention of a large number of Chinamen in the vicinity of the city. Within the city limits hundreds of them follow the laundry business. The laundries run days only, Sunday and week-day. The butchers deal prin- cipally in pork, which is the Chinaman's chief meat. The merchants deal in Chinese special- ties, and do also a private banking business. The restaurants of the Chinese are not exten- sively patronized by whites. The " opium joint " is a typical Chinese institution. The California Sewer-Pipe Company was in- corporated June 1, 1888, by J. C. Daly, W. F. Fitzgerald, Horace Hiller, D. McGary, J. P. Moran, H. C. Witmer, J. A. Philbin and S. A. Fleming. They elected Mr. Daly President, Mr. Hiller, Vice-President; Mr. Moran, Secre- tary, and the California Bank, Treasurer. Their manufactory, including a floor space of about 30,000 square feet, is at Yernon, between Wilmington and Central avenues, on the line of the California Central Railroad, where they turn out the best quality of salt-glazed vitrefied sewer pipe i'mm three to thirty inches in diameter. Their work gives satisfaction and they are en- joying an extensive patronage. At this manu- factory they have forty acres of land, but their clay beds are at Elsinore, where also they have a factory. They also make fire brick, pressed brick, terra-cotta work and the heavier grades of crockery. Since the first organization, more have become members of the company, and the present are the board of directors: J. C. Daly, Horace Hiller, J. P. Moran, John Dobler, of San Francisco, C. F. Webber and W. F. Fitz- gerald. The city of Los Angeles is now one of the most perfectly paved cities in the United States. Within the last three years most of the business streets and nearly all the fine residence streets are paved with asphaltum rock, smooth, elastic and durable as whitleather; and the sidewalks are of artificial stone, beautifully and substan- tially laid. The new court-house, to cost over a million dollars, is in process of construction; the new City-Hall building, on Fort street, between Second and Third, is just completed, — an im- posing structure; and the various mills, factories and business blocks are generally noticed in the biographical sketches of their respective pro- prietors in the latter portion of this volume. The Chamber of Commerce and the Los An- geles Board of Trade are worthy institutions deserving a more extended notice. The State Loan and Trust Cornpany, of Los Angeles, was organized in March, 1889, to answer a demand for loans of Eastern money BISTORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. on better terms than were existing in the California monev market. Tiie traditional sus- picion existing amoiu Eastern canitalists con- cerning land titles in this State, their ignorance of the value of the unique products of the coast, and the fact that according to the laws of this State the mortgagee must pay the taxes on his loans, have been prejudicial. These dithculties are sought to be overcome by the organization of this company, with a large capital and suf- ficient responsibility to make its guarantee respected in the East, both by its capital and its management. Other objects, also, are to receive savings, and do a trust business, which was very much needed here, and the issue of debentures running several years and drawing a low rate of interest, secured by mortgages placed in the liands of a trustee and disposed of in the East and in Europe; and these debentures of course are disposed of at a lower rate of interest than the company receives. It is also the intention of the company to act as guardian and adminis- trator of estates and whatever kindred business may be presented. It has now a paid-up capital of over $200,000, with a subscription of nearly a million. The organizers and directors of the company are George H. Bonebrake, W. H. Perry, John Bryson, E. F. Spence, L. N. Breed, H. C. Wit- mer, L. W. Dennis, Perry M. Green, H. J. WooUacott, W. G. Cochran and S. B. Hunt. For the officers they elected Mr. Bonebrake, President; Messrs. Spence and Bryson, Vice- Presidents, and Mr. Hunt, Secretary. . The company also keeps a safety deposit vault, which is probably the finest in the State, con- sisting of 100 tons of steel! Just think of it! Counting a ton to the wagon-load, — the ordinary amount for a team in the country, — and count- ing in a procession about three rods to the team, the above quantity of steel would freight a car- avan a mile long! This vault, with the bank and offices of tlie company, are in the Bryson-Bonebrake Block, the most magnificent in the city, and costing $220,000, exclusive of lot. It was erected in 1888-'89, at the corner of Second and Spring streets, five and a half stories high, besides base- ment, and with a frontage of 120 feet on Spring street and 103 on Second. The main floor is occupied by store-rooms and the Trust Company, and the upper rooms are fitted up for fine offices. The fifth floor and part of the sixth are occupied as a headquarters by the United States army, and a porfion of the fourth floor is occupied as a headquarters by the Grand Army of the Republic of the State, and the National Guard. The building has a grand entrance on Spring street, where there are a first-class elevator and splendid marble stairs. The red sandstone is from Sespe, Ventura County, and the other vari- eties from San Bernardino County; the marble for the columns in front from Colton, the green sandstone from Mentone, and the granite also from that county. A sketch of Mr. Bonebrake is given on another page. Mr. BitYSOX was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, June 20, 1819, being one of thirteen children, and was in early life a cabi- net-maker. In 1847 he moved to Ohio, where he engaged in business for himself; in 1851 he went to Muscatine, Iowa; in 185G he located in Washington County, that State, where be was very successful in the lumber business, and erected a large hotel. Since coming to Los An- geles he has engaged in several large business operations, among them the erection of the Bry- son-Bonebrake Block, in partnership with Mr. Bonebrake. Was elected mayor of this city in December, 1888, and served one term. In 1843 he married Emeline Sentinan, and they have had eight children. BANKS. Banks are the thermometer alike of the trade and the wealth of the community or common- wealth in which they are situated. From the founding of the first bank in Europe, in the city of Venice, in 1171, A. D., to the present time, banks have multiplied and increased in import- ance until now they are the commercial ma- chinery through which the business of the 1II8T0UY OF LOIS ANGELES COUNTY. civilized world is transacted; and nothing else is so true an index to the tiiiuncial status and prosperity of a city or country as its banks. Measuring Los Angeles by this standard, there are few cities of its size in the United States, or the world, upon as solid a financial basis; for tiiere are none, perhaps, of equal population which has a greater number of thoroughl}- solid banking institutions. The aggregate working capital of the eleven banking houses of the city runs into millions of dollars, while the combined wealth of the gentlemen officially connected with them as officers and directors probably ex- ceeds §30,000,000. The First National Ba id' is ona of the great, solid financial institutions of Southern Califor- nia. It was organized in 1875 as the Cojnmer- cial State Bank, with a capital stock of $177,000. The first officers were: — Patrick, formerly of Chicago, President; Edward F. S])ence (now President), Cashier. In October, 1880, ilie bunk was natioiializi'd, and it became the First National IJank of Los Angeles. It w-as organized with $100,000 cap- ital stock, and with $50,000 surplus. J. E. llollenbeck (since deceased) became president, Mr. Patrick having dfed some time previous. On the death of Mr. llollenbeck, Mr. Spence was elected president, September 1, 1881, and Wm. Lacy then became cashier. In November, 1884, Mr. Lacy resigned, and J. M. Elliott be- came cashier, which position he still holds. On the 13th of January, 1887, the bank doubled its capital stock, owing to the rapid increase of its business. The present board of directors com- prises: E. F. Spence, J. D. Ilicknell, S. II. Mott, William Lacy, J. E. Crank, II. Meabury and J. M. Elliott. The business of the bank has steadily increased ever since it opened, with the exception of the year 1887. It dot s a very large exchange business — the largest in the city — drawing direct on all the principal cities of the East and of Europe. It has open accounts with about 4,000 depositors. Its present capital stock is $200,000, with a reserve fund of $50,000, and undivided profits of about $1'J0,000. It has always paid moderate dividends. The aggregate wealth ot the directors is supposed to be $4,- 000,000. The nuinagement has always been conservative and wise. The First National is also a United States Depository. The Los Angeles National Bank, one of the most substantial and enterprising banking- houses of the Pacific Coast, was organized in May, 1883, and opened its doors for business on the 12th of the following month, with a capital stock of $100,000, paid in. There has been no change in the officers of the bank, nor in the board of directors. The board is composed of George H. Ponebrake, John Bryson, Sr., Dr. n. g! Cochran, P. M. Green, F. C. Howes, H. II. Markham anf their work. THE orrizENs" water coXipany. In the year 1872 improvements were com- menced in the hills west of Los Angeles City. These hills, although offering delightful sites for residences, from lack of water and difficulty of access had not shared in the prosperity of the city, but had remained comparatively value- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. less and neglected. To the energy and perse- verance more especially of two men, P. Beaudry and J. W. Potts, is due the change that has taken place. Mr. Potts expended in grading, principally upon tlie lines of Temple and Second streets, upward of $30,000. Mr. Beaudry in like manner expended upward of $50,000. The work with wliicli Mr. Beaudry's name has been more especially linked is the furnishing of an abundant supply of water to these hill lands. Mr. Beaudry excavated a large basin amid the springs lying along Upper Alameda street, from which, with a sixty horse-power engine running a Hooker pump of the capacity of 40,000 gallons per hour, the water was forced to an elevation of 240 feet, where it was received by two reser- voirs with a storage capacity of 3,500,000 gal- lons, and thence distributed through eleven miles of iron pipes over the tops of the highest hills. These works cost $95,000. The Citizens' Water Company, which fur- nishes water to the hill portion of the city, was organized in August, 1886, and bought the Beaudry & Rogers' system. The latter was supplied with water, which was the seepage from Reservoir No. 4. Ralph Rogers has had this water pumped by steam into a reservoir since the year 1884, and had nearly 40,000 feet of pipe laid, supplying 120 houses. At the time it was purchased by the Citizens' Water Com pany the Beaudry system had 66,000 feet of pipe laid and was supplying 612 houses. The company's lease on the spring near the junction of Alameda and Upper Main streets expiring February 1, 1887, it obtained its water after that date from the river, about four miles above the city. The water is piped into a reservoir in Victor Heights tract, and is pumped from this reservoir to a. higher oue back of the Sisters' Hospital. The company has a lease of ten years for this source of water supply. M. L. Wicks is the principal stockholder in the com- pany. THE EAST-SIDE SPRING WATER COMPANY. The East-Side Spring Water Company was incorjiorated in 1886 for the purpose of sujiply- ing the residences on the eastern side of the river. Tiie water is pumped from an artesian well near where stood the old Tarbox distillery, just north of the Macey street bridge, to a reser- voir on the top of Lacey Hill, in the orange slope tract on Brooklyn Heights. From this reservoir the water is distributed in mains. Mayor Henry T. Hazard is the principal stock- holder. THE BIG TUNNEL. Whoever chances to wander up the track of the Southern Pacific Railroad, just above the Buena Vista street bridge, will notice certain openings and drifts in the great sand-stone bluff along whose base runs the railroad. If he has the curiosity to enter one of these drifts he will find himself after a few yards in a big tunnel, whose general course runs parallel to the railroad. Should it be asked. Why was that deserted hole made? the answer will be an interesting bit of municipal history. In 1877, when F. A. McDongal was mayor, the water supply for irrigating purposes was very scant; and in deference to the popular clamor for a better service, it was proposed to take some extensive action. The matter was referred to a board of engineers, consisting of B. F. Alexander, A. Boschke and Isaac W. Smith, who made a report on July 27, 1877, in which they advocated the digging of a tunnel 680 feet long through the limestone blutf, six feet high and five feet wide, to cost $12,300. On August 17, the committee on water supply recommended the proposed tunnel to leave the river above the Southern Pacific Railroad bridge on the north and emerge from the bluft' on the south at the lower waste gate of the toma. October 11 the bid for digging the tunnel was awarded to William Monks, at $3.88| per lineal foot; William Moore was the builder of the tunnel. So singular was its construction • that on May 30, 1878. the committee on water sup- ply reported that the engineers found the tunnel then made of no practical value. The timbers were too light, and nearly 500 feet of new tun- nel would have to be made to correct the UISTOliT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. aligniuent so that water would nin through; 600 feet more of the tunnel would have to be timbered and 230 feet arched with brick. The additional cost was estimated at $6,900. On August 29 the contract was let to Bell & Carr to line the tunnel, and William Monk was to do the brick-work. Tlie tunnel was surveyed by J. E. Jackson and W. T. Lambie. November 7, 1878, the committee on water supply recommended Mr. Moore be paid for his work, it having been done as specified. The committee, however, found that the tunnel was still valueless, as a great deal more brick- work had to be done. But at last it was made so that the water would run through; but it was finally abandoned on account of so many caves. In 1885 the zanjaro estimated tliat the construction and repairs of the tunnel had cost the city from $35,000 to $40,000. It is still unused, except by tramps. THE ELECTEIC-LIGHT SYSTEM. December 31, 1882, the city was lighted for the first time with that crowning glory of modern inventions, la luz electrica. It was due to the indefatigable labors of Colonel Charles H. Howland, who had worked all sum mer long in getting the citizens to invest in the stock of the company, and the patronage of the city council. He met not only the opposition of the gas company, but also that of many others. The favorite arguments against it were that it had been started in the London fish markets, that it soiled ladies' complexions, that it produced color-blindness, and besides had a bad eifect on the eyes, that it magnified objects and caused optical illusions, that it was costly, that gas was good enough to light the city, that it kept the chickens awake all night, that it was a new thing, and therefore an experiment and dangerous, tliat the wires attracted light- ning, that the ligiits attracted bugs, and finally that it was a speculation and therefore a swindle. As silly as these arguments may seem, they w-ere soberly advanced hy many capitalists and various business and professional men of the city. But finally all opposition was overcome, and on New Year's eve tlie light from the seven masts'bathed the city in electric glory. The city of Los Angeles is now lighted wholly by electric lights. The city contracted in 1882 to be lighted with the electric light under the Brush system. The light is distrib- uted by what is called the mast system. These masts are placed at such distances as may be desired by the council, ranging from 2,500 feet to over a mile apart. There are two mast circuits in the city. One is known as the " north circuit," and the other as the " south circuit." There are thirty-one miles of wire. On these mast circuits there are fifteen masts, each 150 feet high, carrying three lamps, each of 3,000 candle-power, or 9,000 caudle-power on each mast. There are two masts on this same circuit, each 150 feet high, carrying four lamps of 3,000 candle-power each, or 12,000 candle-power for each mast. There are nineteen sixty- foot masts, each carry- ing one lamp of 3,000 candle power; a total of seventy-two lamps of 216,000 candle-power, with which tlie city is lighted, and is paid for out of the municipal treasury. There are also three other circuits for private lamps. The first runs till 12 o'clock, mid- night, for hotels, saloons, restaurants, etc. The other two circuits are known as the •' mer- chants," and run week-day nights till 9 o'clock, except Saturday, when they are continued to 10:30 p. M. On these three circuits there are at present 175 lamps of 2,000 candle-power each. The city now pays $19,000 per annum for its electric lights. Store lights cost $5 per week on the middle circuit, and $3.50 on the 9 o'clock circuit. The city lias an official area of six miles square, or thirty-six square miles. Previous to the lighting by electricity it had a small area lighted by gas. This would cover about five- eighths of a mile square, at a cost of about $9,000 per annum. Under the electric system about twenty square miles in area are fairly IIISrORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. lighted at a cost of a little more than $20,000 per annum. THE LOS ANGELES ICE AND COLD-STORAGE COMPANY, incorporated, one of the most important indus- tries in Southern California, comprises C. E. Ilendrick. President; C. D. Simpson, of Scran- ton, Pennsylvania, Vice-President; L. A. Bas- sett. Secretary and Treasurer; T. Watkins and M. J. llealey, who manufacture ice in tliis city, and are the only company in the State to em- ploy the Hendrick process, thus turning out a quality of ice superior to all others. The works, whicli are located on Mesquite street and the Santa Fe Railroad, have a capacity of 100 tons per day — seventy-iive tons for general nses and twenty-five for cold storage. The manufactory is the largest in the State. The cold-storage warerooms have a capacity for 150 car-loads, and are adapted to the preservation of meats and fruits of all kinds and other perishable prod- ucts. The building is 150 feet square and three stories high. The company are the pro- prietors and manufacturers of the celebrated " Lilly " brand of meats. They have six smoke- houses, with a combined capacity of 150,000 pounds, and are thereby enabled to place upon the market fresh meat everyday. The " Lilly" is the only meat smoked on the coast south of Sacramento, and is superior to the Eastern smoked meats, for the following reasons: All hams and bacon smoked in the East are four to ten days old before shipping, and six to ten days en route; and, owing to the excessive heat in crossing the desert in the summer, the products are canvased in order to insure safety in trans- portation, thus entailing a loss to the consumer of one to two pounds, or an average of 25 cents, per ham. The provision department is under the man- agement of F. W. Guard, who has had an ex- tensive experience in this kind of business, hav- ing been connected with some of the largest jiacking-houses in the East. The cold-storage department is under the management of P. R. IJeviin, Assistant Treasurer, who also has chafi-ge of the executive and fitiancial part of the busi- ness in this city. He is a native of Scranton, Pennsylvania, and received his education in his native State, and was for a long time in the em- ploy of Simpson & Watkins before coming to Los Angeles, in April of last year. Mr.M. Dodsworth, general manager, is a native of Cincinnati, was reared there, and after reach- ing manhood came to California, in 1852, engag- ing for several years in mining in the northern parts of tills State, and then in the butchers' trade for fifteen years, and finally, in 1879, he came to Los Angeles, where he has since been engaged in packing bacon and lard. All these men are thoroughly identified with the public welfare of Los Angeles. The com- pany, succeeding to the " Los Angeles Pork- packing Company " in February, 1888, have now a business outlook which is one of the most important in Southern California. PUBLIC LIBKAKY. The Public Library Association of Los An- geles was organized in December, 1872, and the library transferred to the city in April, 1878. It is supported by a direct levy not to exceed five cents on each $100 of all real and personal property in the city, and by quarterly dues of $1.00 from each subscribing member. Number of papers and magazines to be found in reading news rooms: Daily papers, twenty- seven; weekly, thirty-two; monthly, twenty- two; quarterly, three; number of volumes in library, June 1, 1888, 5,748; 913 added during the year; book loan for the year, 17,071. The library and free reading-room are open daily except Sunday, from 9 a. m. to 9:30 p. m. The trustees in 1888 were W. H. "Workman, President; A. W. Barrett, E. C. Bosbyshell, B. Chandler, B. Cohn, M. T. Collins, John Mori- art}', E. A. Gibbs, James llanley, H. Miller, J. F. Humphreys, J. H. Book, J.' W. Lovell, N. Mathews, H. Sinsabaugh and M. Teed. PUBLIC parks. The city is only tolerably well provided with public parks at present. It has the little HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNT V. " Plaza," on North Main street, opposite the old Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Angels, and the Sixth Street Park, bounded by Sixth, Hill, Olive, and Fitth streets. The last men- tioned is a beautiful little park and a popular resort for people who wish to spend a restful hour surrounded by semi-tropical trees, plants and flowers. Diagonally across the street from this park is the building occupied by Brigadier- General Grieison, U. S. A., as headquarters for the Department of Arizona. Surrounding this building are extensive and beautiful grounds open to the public. Elysian Park is a large body of very hilly land, that is as yet wholly unimproved. East Los Angeles Park is also a park only in pros- pect. Westlake Park, of thirty-live acres, is in the western part of the city, near Ninth and Elev- enth streets; and Prospect Park, in Boyle Heights, a small park in the Brooklyn ti'act. I'LACKS OF AMUSEMENT. The principal places of amusement in Los Angeles are the Grand Opera House, on Main, near First street; the Academy of Music, on Fifth and Olive streets; and the Los Angeles Theatre, on Spring street, between Second and Third streets. The latter is a new substantial brick edifice, which was opened to the public early in the winter of 1888-'89; the Academy of Music is a large wooden structui'e, and is often used for mass meetings, festivals, etc., as well as for dramatic purposes. FIRE DEPAKTMEXT. Ever since February 1, 1886, tiie Fire Depart- ment has been under pay; prior to that date it was a volunteer department. During 1888 about !?70,000 was expended in the purchase of four new engines, hose and carts, and in the erection of new buildings. Each engine house is supplied with a telephone, also fire alarm gong of Richmond Fire Alarm System. The increase in tiiis department of the public service serves well to illustrate the growth of the city. In 188G there were required but two engines. one hook and ladder company, five hose-carts, 3,200 feet of hose and a force of thirty-two men. POLICE. The headquarters of the city police are at the city hall; but there is a branch station, and also a small jail, at Holt" and Hayes streets, in East Los Angeles. The force at present consists of seventy-four members, ranking as follows: Chief, captain of detectives, four detectives, secretary of police, police captain, two police sergeants, ten mounted oflicers, fifty foot officers, two drivers of patrol wagon, a matron, and a police surgeon. CEMETEKIES. Los Angeles is by no means behind the age in the matter of cemeteries, of which there «re five The Roman Catholic Cemetery is beauti- fidly located on an elevation on Buena Vista street, just overlooking the Southern Pacific depot. The City Cemeterj' is situated on Cas- telar street, between Bellevue avenue and Sand street. The Hebrew burying-gronnd is on Reservoir street. These three are old ceme- teries, and are near the center of the city. They will doubtless ere long be closed. Chief among the new places of sepulture is Evergreen Ceme- tery, on Aliso avenue. It is reached directly by the First street and also the Aliso street railway. The Rosedale, on "West Washington street, can be reached by the electric railway, which can be taken at First and Los Angeles streets. At the Rosedale Cemetery there is the only crematory in the United States west of the Rocky Mountains. It was built by the Los Angeles Crematory Society, under the super- vision of an expert who came for that purpose. The first incineration took place in June, 1887. The body, which had been regularly interred a few months previously, was that of the wife of Dr. O. B. Bird, a prominent homeopathic physi- cian. The cremation was a complete success, and attracted as much attention as the most sanguine friend of the movement could have wished. H. Sinsabaugh, D. D., a prominent member HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is president of the Cremation Society, and Dr. William Le Moyne Wills, Professor of Anatomy in the Medical College of the University of Soutliern California, is secretary. Dr. Wills is a promi- nent Los Angeles surgeon, and inherits his enthusiasm for cremation, his grandfather. Dr. F. Julius Le Moyne, of Washington, Pennsyl- vania, having constructed at his own expense the first cremation furnace in the United States. EDUCATIONAL. In 1838 the iirst primary school was estab- lished in Los Angeles. The teacher was Ensign Guadalupe Medina. The term lasted five and a half months, when Medina was called to the ariijy. The attendance averaged 103 scholars, whose progress and proficiency in studies were gratifying. The city had appropriated $500 for expenses, and had purchased the necessary furniture at San Gabriel. Later, Don Ignacio • Coronel taught school here. The first proposition for the establishment of a college came from Eev. Antonio Jimenes, May 18, 1850, in his application for a grant of town land to that end. About the same time Rev. Dr. Wicks, Pres- byterian, seconded by J. G. Nichols, opened the pioneer English school. Li January, 1853, there were four small schools, two of them teaching English. The oldest public school-houses were on Bath and Spring streets. Both were built uiider the supervision of Trustees J. G. Nichols a!id Joiin O. Wheeler. At San Gabriel, J. F. Burns and Caesar C. Twitchell were teachers in 185i. In 1856 Dr. John S. Griffin was elected superintendent of common schools, with Francis Melius, Agustin Olivera and William A. Wallace as school commissioners. William McKee and Mrs. Thomas Foster taught for some time. Mrs. rioyt had a school in 1857, and her daugh- ter. Miss Mary E. Hoyt, two years later, as also Miss Anna McArthur. Concerning the public schools of the city. the following statistics were furnished by the school superintendent for the year 1888: Number of wliite children between o and 17 10,631 Number of negro children between 5 and 17 Number of Indian children between 5 and 17 33S) Number of Chinese children between 5 and 17 Total number of census children 10,970 Number of children under 5 3,S69 Number of children between 5 and 17 who have at- tended public schools during year 5,303 Number of children between 5 and 17 who have at- tended private schools only 1,330 Number of children between 5 and 17 who have not attended any school during year 4,438 Number of pupils enrolled in public schools 5,665 Number of teachers employed 136 Average number of pupils per teacher 46 Cost per capita on total enrollment f 15.77 Cost per capita on average enrollment 34.68 Cost per capita on average daily attendance 36.14 The great discrepancy between the number enrolled in the schools and the number reported . by the census marshal as having attended the public schools during the year is accounted for by the fact that the school census is taken in May, when many people have betaken them- selves to the mountains or the seashore. From tlie annual report of the secretary of the city board of education, from January 1, 1888, to January 1, 1889, we take the follow- ing statistics: The total receipts for the year were $211,338.86; total expenditures, $186,- 987.64; balance on hand at the end of the year, $24,351.22. The Los Angeles City board of education employs over 100 teachers. The average salary paid the teachers is $85 per month. The Los Angeles school department has always been liberal toward women. Mrs. Chloe B. Jones was long principal of the Uigh School and also city superintendent of schools. At least seven- eighths of the teachers are women. The rapid increase of population within the past three years has crowded the school buildings to their utmost capacity and necessitated the erection of new buildings as well as the enlargement of several old ones, in order to meet the require- ments of the community. The excellent com- mon-school system is the pride of California, and in lio portion of the State do the people take more pains to foster and encourage popu- lar education than in Los Angeles County. IIISrORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Besides the public schools there are nuincrous private schools in the city, iiiclnding kinder- gartens, primary, grammar, schools of elocu- tion, business colleges, and dancing schools. There are also many private teachers of music, painting, drawing, etc. TUE I.OS ANUKLES HIGH SCHOOL. The first organization of a Higii School was made in 1873 by Di'. W. T. Lucky, then super- intendent of the schools of the city. P'or a time Ur. Lucky performed also the duties of princi- pal. The first class was graduated in 1875, and consisted of seven members, five young women and two young men. Throughout the history of the school both boys and girls have been received into the same classes and have pursued the same studies. In one class a young man has received the highest honors for schol- arship, and in another a young woman. The number of graduates each year has gradually increased, but with some fluctuation, the largest number, twenty-si.x, having been reached by the class of 1885. The present senior class began with an enrollment of thirty-one. From 1873 until 1882 the High School occu- pied a part of the wooden building that for- merly stood upon the site of the new county court-house. In the latter year, on account of pressure in the lower grades, the school moved to rooms in the State Normal Building, where it remained for three years. In 1885, the normal school having grown so as to require its whole building, the High School moved to rooms in the brick building near the corner of Sixth and Spring streets, where it still remains. A building for the special use of the High School is one of the most urgent needs of Los An- geles, and one that an increased school fund under the new city charter ought to satisfy. The city superintendent of schools continued to act as princii)al of the High School until the summer of 1881, Dr. Lucky being succeeded in 187G by C. H. Kimball, a- 1 the latter gen- tleman, in 188U, by Mrs. C. B. Jones. For the school year of 1881-'82 Mrs. Jones filled the now separate position of principal, suc- ceeded the following year by L. D. Smith, who in 1883 was made city superintendent. F. H. Clark, the present principal, was teacher of the senior class during the school year of 1883-'84. and was elected principal in the summer of 1884. The course of study of the school was ar- ranged in 1884 so as to provide the requisite preparation for any of the departments of the University of California, to which institution a considerable number of the graduates of the school have gone as students. It is the aim of the school to maintain a course of instruction everywhere thoroughly practical, adapted both to those that become students at college and to those that enter business and home life at once. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. Normal schools for the special instruction of teachei-s were first established in the United States by Massachusetts, in 1839, at old Lexing- ton, overlooking the battle-ground ; and at Bridgewater and Westfield in 1840 and 1841. The fourth school was built by New York, at Albany, in 1844. These schools are all in pros- perous condition to-day; and the movement thus begun has gone forward until at the present time nearly 150 public normal schools are in successful operation; and a very large numbei' of private normal schools, either partly or wholly engaged in the work of preparing teachers for the public schools, find plenty of work to do. California established her first normal school at San Francisco in 1862, afterward removing it to San Jos^, where it has grown to mammoth proportions, being one of the largest in the United States. The Normal School at Los An- geles was established as a branch of the school at San Jose by the Legislatureof 1881, the bill being signed by Governor Perkins March 14 of that year. The sum of $50,000 was appropriated for the building, and the trustees were directed to proceed to Los Angeles and select a site. Of several sites offered, the trustees, on March 26, 1882, chose the Bellevue Terrace orange grove UISroiiY OF LOS ANOELEti COUNTY. of five and a quarter acres on Charity street (Grand avenue), at the head of Fifth street, and the building was begun forthwith. This beau- tiful tract of land was then lield at $8,000, and was purchased with money raised by private subscription of the citizens. The building was finished for occupancy and the school opened August 29, 1882, with sixty-one pupils and three teachers. Principal teacher, C. J. Flatt; Preceptress, Emma L. Hawks; and Assistant, J. W. Red way; Charles H. Allen, also principal at San Jose, being Principal. The number of pupils increased to an aggregate of 126 during the school year of 1882-'83. The Legislature of 1883 appropriated $10,000 for finishing and furnishing the building, which was thus put in excellent condition for school work. In 1883 a separate principal was appointed for this school, the trustees selecting Ira More for the purpose. He had been principal of the Minnesota State Normal School at St. Cloud, and had taught for some years in the sciiool at San Jose. The school cot. tinned to flourisii, the aggregate attendance increasing each year until it is now more than 300. The ground has been graded, retaining walls were built, trees, shrubbery and hedges planted, and it is fast becoming an attractive feature of that part of the city where it is located. The first class, numbering twenty-two, gradu- ated in 1884. Since then two classes a year have gone out, the whole number of graduates being now 240. Nearly all of these are actively en- gaged in teaching, and promise to make at least as good a record as lias been made by the grad- uates of the earlier normal schools. The history ofthese schools abundantly shows that the normal graduate will average ten years of teaching. A school of 150 pupils, comprising the first five grades of the public schools, is attached to the normal as a practice school for the senior classes. The young teacher is here trained in exactly the work he is required to do in the "public schools, and thus goes out thoroughly fitted; and that this practice results in no injury to the little people under his charge is shown by the fact that no school in the city stands higher in public estimation than tiie Normal Primary School. AVe close this article by an extract from the Principal's Report upon a point mucli inquired after by the people: " Another statement frequently made by the friends as well as the opponents of special train- ing schools for teachers is that the supply will soon be greater than the demand; the market will be overstocked; we are educating more than can find places. A little arithmetic will not here be out of place: The number of teachers employed by tlie State is given in the report of the superintendent of public instruction at 4,000. Ruling out accidental and occasional elements, we may safely say that more than 3,000 of this number depend upon teaching for a livelihood. Horace Mann states that three years was the average school life of the teachers of his day. Young women will marry, and young men leave this for other trades or pro- fessions. Since then, as he foresaw, the term has been increased, the teachers specially edu- cated remaining longer in the field, until the average term in this State is from four to five years. Sucii statistics as can be gathered show that it will not exceed this estimate. More than 600 teachers are needed each year to take the place of those who retire from the work. The normal schools now graduate about 150. It does not seem likely that the supply will exceed the demand for many years to come, certainly. In confirmation of this it may be stated that although the school at San Jose has been send- ing out its graduates for more than twenty years, less than twelve per cent, of the teachers in tiie State are graduates of California normal schools, while six per cent, come from the normal schools of other States, making but eighteen per cent., or less than one-fifth, graduates of any normal school whatever." UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. This is one of the most important and suc- cessful educational institutions of the State, and HISTUUY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. one which does liouor to tlie city and that part of the State wherein it is located. The College of Liberal Arts of the University stands upon an eligible site in what is known as West Los Angeles, not far from the Agri- cnltnral Park grounds. It is surrounded by many of the most beautiful residences, orange groves and flower gardens in the city. It is far enough from the business center to be exempt from disturbing influences, and yet it is easily accessible from any other portion of the city by lines of street cars. As for the plan, the make- up and the management of the institution, they are very nearly, if not actually, up to the line of perfection. A brief history of the institution will be appropriate in this connection: In May, 1879, Hon. K. M. Widney invited Rev. A. M. Hough to his residence and laid before him the plans of the University, as it now is, and as planned by Judge Widney. He had previously drawn up a deed of trust wherein Dr. J. S. Griffin and Mr. H. M. Johnson offered to convey certain real estate in East Los An- geles for a campus and endowment fund to establish the University at East Los Angeles, on the same terms and conditions as the present deed of trust. After a quiet consultation be- tween Judge Widney and Mr. Hough it was decided to invite Hon. E. F. Spence and Dr. J. P. Widney to meet with them at an early date. A consultation of these four gentlemen resulted in their determination all to join in the enterprise of establishing a University in this city. Another meeting was arranged for, at which Rev. M. M. Bovard, then pastor of the Fort Street Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. G. D. Compton were also present, by in- vitation. At this meeting it was decided to look around for some other donation of land in- stead of locating in East Los Angeles. Various offers were received, but it was finally agreed to accept an offer of land in West Los Angeles, where the College of Liberal Arts of the Uni- versity was subsequently established. The offer of land was secured by Mr. Hough, and the name adopted for the institution was the Uni- versity of Southern California. The deed of trust was executed July 29, 1879, by ex-Gov- ernor J. G. Downey, O. W. Childs and Isaiah W. Uellman, to A. M. Hough, J. P. Widney, E. F. Spence, M. M. Bovard, G. D. Compton and li. M. Widney. The site selected is on Wesley avenue, a few rods south of Jefferson street. It was at that time almost "in the wilderness," and it required strong faith to believe that the institution would within ten years be surrounded by such attractions as are now visible in every direction from the balcony or upper windows of the spacious building. Later on several liberal- minded persons contributed considerable money, in the aggregate, toward an endowment fund for the University. In June, 1880, the trustees decided to sell thirty lots in the tract, at $200 each, and with the proceeds erect and furnish a frame building in which to begin the educa- tional work. A contract was soon let, and the corner-stone of the building was laid October 4, by Bishops Simpson and Wiley. In August, 1880, Revs. M. M. and F. D. Bovard entered into a contract with the directors for five years to carry on the educa- tional work of the institution. Rev. M. M. Bovard was elected president of the University, and he and his brother have conducted the work very successfully. In July, 1880, Mr. and Mrs. William Hodge donated "Hodge Hall" to the institution. In September, 1883, Hon. E. F. Spence donated $600 to establish the Spence scholarship. In 1882 Judge R. M. Widney procured Messrs. George and William B. Chaffey to tender a deed of trust for about $200,000 worth of land at Ontario for a "Chaffey College of Agriculture of the University." Strange to say, the offer was earnestly opposed by a large part of the directors of the University, but through the persistent efforts of Judge Widney, the offer was finally accepted. In due time a fine two-story brick and stone building was erected. In October, 1885, edu- cational work was begun therein by Professor W. F. Wheeler. In June, 1885, Mrs. Sarah E. UltSTOliY OF LOa ANGELS a COUNTY. Taiisey donated to the University lands valued at $20,000, to endovtr a chair of Moral Christian Ethics. In 1885 Dr. J. 1*. Widney organized and put in successful operation the College of Medicine in Los Angeles City. It is now in fine working condition, with an able corps of professors. The University has an Annual Council, with deliberative functions, but with no executive powers. This council has proved a very useful element in the management of the institution. Besides the Ontario College of the University, tliere are several flourishing colleges at otiier places outside the city. There is the Maclay College of Theology at San Fernando, estab- lished in 1885 by Hun. C. Maclay, who donated some $300,000 worth of lands and erected a tine college building; also the Tulare Academy, established in 1886 at Tulare City, through the efforts of Revs. J. B. Green and J. A. McMil- lan. In March, 1886, the Escondido Land and Water Company, the owners of the Eacondido Bancho in San Diego County, througli the efforts of Kev. R. W. C. Farnswortli, Presiding Elder, and Rev. E. S. Chase, offered property in that ranciio to the value of $100,000 to build and endow the Escondido Academy, to be a branch of the University. By the efforts of Rev. F. S. Chase and D. Choate there were re- ceived deeds donating to the University about $200,000 worth of city property to endow and build the San Diego College of the University. In June, 1886, Judge R. M. AVidney donated property in the San Fernando Ranch to estab- lish a reserve endowment fund for the Univer- sity. From this property sales have already been made aggregating over $100,000, with some $200,000 worth of lands lett. This dona- tion should eventually realize not less than $400,000. The new college building in West Los An- geles, which was completed in 1886, cost $37,000. Liberal donations were made for its erection by many persons, Mr. G. W. Morgan donating lands from which $6,500 has been realized, and Hon. E. F. Spence making a gift of real estate from which $5,000 has been ob- tained, with a prospect of many thousands more. Ex-Governor Downey also donated lands w-orth $6,000 or more. The building is a four- story brick, with stone foundation. It is 100 feet square, with a total floor area of nearly one square acre. The total valuation of the Uni- versity property is nearly $1,000,000. The Freeman College of Applied Sciences is founded upon a donation of about $200,000 worth of latid by Mr. Freeman, of Inglewood. The building is now in course of erection. lion. E. F. Spence, ex-Mayor of the city, donated a lot of land on the corner of Sixth and Pearl streets, upon which there is a three- story building. This property, worth about $70,000, is to be used for the erection of the "Spence Observatory" of the University of Southern California. The trustees of this fund have contracted with Alvan Clark & Sons for a forty-inch telescope, the glasses for which ara now being made by M. Mantois, of Paris, who also made the glasses for the Lick Telescope. Rev. A. C. Hazard, of Downey City, has donated $40,000 worth of land to constitute an endowment fund for the post-graduate course of the University. Several other enterprises of a similar charac- ter are now in process of maturing, which will in all probability result in the establishment of several other colleges, constituting parts of the University. The educational course consists, first, in an academic course in each one of these colleges, designed to furnish education to the masses. The college course is intended to tit students for the pursuit of the ordinary professions and the higher departments of business and general educational work. The post-graduate course will be under the supervision of a faculty com- prising the president of the University and the deans of each college. Thus students desiring to make a specialty of any department of science will be enabled to continue their studies in dif- ferent institutions and under as many different instructors as they may deem advisable in order HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. to perfect them in that specialty, returning to this institution (the University) to pass their linal critical examination, and, if successful, to obtain tiie diploma of the University of Southern California as to their titness for, and mastery of, any specialty which they may have studied. Something should here be said concerning the plans on which the educational part of this successful University is conducted, especially as it diifers in several essential particulars from the systems used in almost every other similar institution. The plan aims specially at unity in arrangement and a wise division of labor. In dividing the labor great care is taken to place each subdivison in the hands of those skilled in that specialty. The finances, including the en- dowment funds, are controlled by six trustees, whose characters and business experience tit them for the responsible duties assigned them. They elect their own successors. This plan is designed to prevent schemers from* ever getting control of the funds, and to secure unity and permanency. Each trustee is made financially responsible for any loss to the fund in conse- quence of his carelessness, negligence or misap- propriation. The directors may bring any action necessary to protect or preserve the funds. The books and accounts are always open to inspection by the directors. The net income from the funds is used in paying the current expenses of the institution. The educational work is separated from the financial work, and is placed under the control of conference. Con- ference elects the board of directors annually, and this board elects the faculty, controls the course of study and management of the educa- tional work throughout. Each 'college or academy has also its local board of regents, who are annually appointed by the trustees of the Endowment Fund and by the board of directors. These boards of regents are local executive boards, for administering during the year the educational work in their locality. The course of study in all the colleges and academies and the text books are so arranged that the years of study run parallel, anil at any time a student can move from one college or academy to another and enter classes and studies the same that he left. The scheme is based upon a unity and continuity of plan, and a division of work. The system is cjuite novel, embracing a new combination which fits the institution for the highest degree of efficiency and adapts it to the wants of modern civilization. The late Bishop Simpson said he considered this the best planned and best guarded institution belonging to the Methodist Church. His opinion has since been indorsed by Bishops Wiley, Fowler and other leading lights of that denomination. The general plan and many of the details of work alluded to in this account are the inven- tions of Judge R. M. Widney, while the exe- cution is largely in the hands of the president, Rev. M. M. Bovard, D. D. Following is a list of names of the persons who constitute the boards and faculties connected with the University and its branch institutions: Trustees of the Endowment Fund of the University. — Hon. R. M. Widney, Hon. E. F. Spence, Rev. M. M. Bovard, Rev. A. M. Hough, Dr. J. P. Widney; G. D. Compton. Directors of the University. — Hon. E. F. Spence, Dr. H. Sinsabangh, Hon. R. M. Wid- ney, Rev. A. M. Hough, Rev. E. S. Chase, Rev. P. F. Bresee, Hon. S. C. Hnbbell, Rev. W. A. Knighters, Rev. T. E. Robinson, Hon. Chas. Maclay, Rev. R. W. C. Farnsworth. Associate Directors. — Ex-Governor John G. Downey, Hon. T. R. Bard, Rev. A. W. Bunker, Rev. E. S. Chase, C. H. Bradley, Rev. Charles Shelling. Officers of the Faculty.— Kef . M. M. Bovard, Miss Ida R. Lindiey, Prof. E. R. Shrader, Mrs. C. S.*Nellis. Trustees of the Chaffee College of Agricult- ure. — Rev. A. M. Hough, Hon. E. F. Spence, C. E. White, G. E. Compton, Dr. J. P. Wid- ney, Hon. R. M. Widney. Board of Regents of the Chaffee College of Agriculture.— lion. S. L. Dyar, Rev. S. J. Fleming, George Chaffey, W. B. Chaffee, Dr. IT. 376 HISTORY Or LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Sinsabaugh, Eev. T. H. Bcdkin, Rev. A. M. Hough, Hon. C. Maclay, Eev. R. W. C. Farns- worth, Hon. E. F. Spence, P. M. Green, Joseph Holmes. Principal of ChaJfeeColleye. — Prof. Randall. Trustees of the Maclay College of Theology. — Bishop C. H. Fowler, W. H. Griswold, M. M. Bovard, J. P. Widney, A. M. Hough, C. Maclay and R. M. Widney. Tntstees of Escondido Academy. — "Watson Parish, R. A. Thomas, Philip Morse, E. S. Chase, R. M. Widney, R. W. C. Farnsworth. Tntstees of the College of San Diego. — Mr. Grunedyke, R. A. Thomas, Philip Morse, E. S. Chase, A. M. Hough, R. M. Widney. Officers of the Alumni Association. — Rev. G. F. Bovard, F. E. Lacy, Mrs. M. C. Miltimore, Miss E. F. Walton, George Sinsahaugh. Conference Visiting Committee. — Rev. T. E. Robinson, Rev. S. S. J. Kahler, Rev. M. F. Col- burn, Rev. C. W. White, Rev. J. A. McMillan, Eev. C. Leach. Presiding Elders. — Rev. R. W. C. Farns- worth, Rev. W. Nixon, Rev. J. B. Green, Rev. C. H. Bolinger. Faculty of the College of Medicine.— Hew M. M. Bovard, W. C. Cochran, M. D.; Joseph Kurtz, M. D.; G. W. Lasher, M. D.; Walter Lindley, M. D.; J. H. Utley, M. U.; C. A. H. de Szigethy, M. D.; E. A. Foliansbee, M. D.; J. P. Widney, M. D.; H. Nadeau, M. D.; H. H. Maynard, M. D.; W. L. Wills, M. D.: H. S. Orme, M. D.; F. T. Bicknell, M. D.; W. B. Percival, M. D.; A. McFarland, M. D.; J. S. Baker, M. D.; A. F. Darling, M. D.; Hon. R. M. Widney. The present faculty of the University is made up as follows: Rev. M. M. Bovard, A^. M., D. D., President, Tansey Professor of Christian Ethics; Rev. W. S. Matthew, A. M., Dean, Professor of Mental and Political Science; E. R. Shrader, A. M., Ph. D., Registrar, Pro- fessor of Physics and Chemistry; Rev. C. A. Weaver, A. M., Professor of Mathematics; Eev. E. E. Watson, M. A , Professor of Modern Lan- guages; C. R. Gnnne, M. A., Secretary, Pro- fessor and Principal of University Seminary; Tamar Gray, A. M., Pi-ofessor of Greek; Rev. George A. Coe, A. M., Professorof English and History; E. E. Whittit, A. B., Instructor in Mathematics; Frank H. SuflPel, B. A., Instructor in Latin and Greek; Fanny Sherman, A. M., Preceptress, Professor of Natural History; Philena S. Tufts, B. S., Instructor in Prepara- tory Year; Etta M. White, Instructor in Draw- ing and Painting. LOS ANGELES COLLEGE. The preliminary steps for the organization of a non-sectarian Christian school for the higher education of girls and yonng women were taken in June, 1885. It was the design of the organ- izers ti) establish a school which in time should afford for our Pacific Coast what Wellesley does for the Eastern, — a college whose course of study should be full and complete in all its particulars. The school was opened formally on the second day of September, 1885, under the management of its president, D. W. Hanna, with an attend- ance of forty students, in a building erected for its temporary accommodation near the corner of Fifth and Olive streets. The building on the corner was occupied as the boarding depart- ment, and a small brick Imilding that stood there between as a music hall. The growth of the institution was rapid, and though many additions were made to the build- ings it was soon found that they could not be so arranged as to accommodate the numbers apply- ing for admission. During the summer of 1887, stock was subscribed by a number of our prominent citizens, and a building erected on the corner of Eighth and Hope streets, at a cost of $62,000, including the furnishing thereof. The building, heated by steam and lighted by elec- tricity from its own electric plant, is capable of accommodating 100 boarding pujjils and 300 day students. It has now in daily attendance over 250, with eighteen teachers. Two courses of study have been adopted. The first, or the literary course, can be completed in four years. It is fully as complete as that re- UISTOHy OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. quired by the best seminaries for yonng ladies and is sufficiently extensive to fit young wo'men * for those employments in wliich they are likely to be most useful. It will qualify them to be- come competent teachers; it will tit them to be intelligent members of society; it lays a solid foundation for future acquisitions of knowledge; it fits them to observe closely, to think consec- utively, to reason logically, and to form inde- pendent judgments in regard to art, science, literature, government, morals and religion. Complete philosophical apparatus enables instructors to give all the experiments in mechanics, hydraulics, pneumatics, electricity, acoustics and optics. The study of physiology is pursued with the aid of a skeleton, manikin and dissection of the different organs of the lower animals. A chemical laboratory enables the pupil to master the study of chemistry by tiie aid of practical experiments. Where prac- ticable, the classes are taken to visit and see for themselves the application of 4;hese principles in the manufacture of things of daily life. The mind is thus aroused to see beauties and subject for thought in every object of use, as well as in every work of nature. In addition to these tliere are special courses of study in the modern languages and music, upon the satisfactory completion of which suit- able diplomas will be given. Class lessons in elocution are given to the whole school. The time of a special teacher is devoted to this de- partment. Particular attention is paid to the principles that underlie good reading, and the drill is so conducted as to lead the pupils to apply their knowledge in reading correctly at sight. Regular drills in gymnastics, including the complete manual for free gymnastics, the dumb-bells and wands, are given to all the stu- dents. This systematic exercise is conducive to the perfect development of the physical being. All students are required to take part in this exercise, unless specially excused by the teacher in charge. The faculty of the institution comprises the following conijii'tent anil earnest educators; Rev. D. W. Hanna, A. JVI., President, Mental and Moral Sciences; Alice M. Broad well. Lady Principal, History; Christine Moodie, Litera- ture and Rhetoric; Lucy S. Hanna, Secretary; Mary C. Noyes, A. M., Mathematics; Prof. D. O. Barto, Natural Sciences ; Mary A. Roe, ZooL>gy and Geology; Rev. J. C. Neviii, Botany; Amy Saxton, Assistant Preparatory Depart- ment; Luisa Carver, Principal Preparatory De- partment; Mary Russell, Laura Moore, Primary Department. Department of Elocution. — Kate Seaver Downs. Department of Languages. — Prof. Haver- mann, Latin; Prof. A. P. Dietz, French; Rev. Charles Bransl)y, Spanish; Herr Arnold Kut- ner, German. • Department of Music. — Prof. Adolph Wil- hartitz. Piano, Organ, Theory and Harmony; Miss Bertha Butler, Voice, Piano and Har- mony. Art Department. — Mrs. C. F. Merrill. Alice M. Broadwell, Director of Gymnasium; Miss Stewart, Matron. Rev. D. W. PLvnna, A. M., President of Los Angeles College, was born in Steubenville, Ohio, September 20, 1886. His father, Thompson Hanna, was a prominent paper manufacturer of that place. During boyhood Mr. Hanna at- tended the schools of his native town and of Marietta, Ohio, and finally graduated at Jeffer- son College in 1855. For several years there- after he assisted his father in paper manufacture. Next he was ])rincipal of the public schools in Middletown, Ohio. Meanwhile he gave some attention to science, and invented vulcanized fiber for electric purposes, and also " leatheroid," a valuable device. Both these commodities are manufactured largely under jtatents granted to himself and brother. In 1878 Prof. Hanna resumed his educational work, taking charge of the young ladies' semi- nary at Monroe, Michigan. In 1881 he came to California and took charge of McDonald Seminary at Napa, in the fall of 188-t became to Los Angeles and opened Fills College, and HISrORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. the following year established Los Angeles Col- lege, corner of Fifth and Olive streets. In Marcli, 1888, he moved the school into the present large and commodious building, corner of Eighth and Hope streets. It is a large and prosperous school. Prof. Ilanna was ordained in the ministry of the Presbyterian Church in Napa, California. He married Miss Margaret Lippincott, of Mor- ristown, Belmont County, Ohio. They have two children, namely: Lucy Stanton, who is as- sisting her father in school work, and Fred, now in college. Eev. S. H. Wellee, D. D., President of the Occidental University, was born September 9, 1833, in Dayton, Ohio. He received his ele- mentary education in his native State, and gradu- ated in 1856, at Wittenberg College, Springtield, Ohio, taking the lirst honor of his class. For a term he had charge of the High School in Davenport, Iowa, and then pursued a theological course at a seminary, ajid for the succeeding twenty years he labored successfully in the min- istry of the Presbyterian Church. Then, after .serving for a short time as president of the Kansas City Female College, he came to the Golden Coast, in 1885, since which time his efforts have been devoted to the establishment of the University above mentioned. He mar- ried Miss Ella Eraser, of Morrison, Illinois. They have a son, Harold Eraser by name. Eev. Caklos Beansbt, Professor of Spanish in the Occidental University, is a native of the Republic of Columbia, South America. His father was John Bransby, Esq., a cousin of Sir Ashley Cooper, the eminent English surgeon, and his mother, Seilora Doiia Ana Gomez, a lady of pure Castilian extraction. He was born in the city of Bogota, and received his early preparatory and Spanish education in his native place, completing the course in the higher schools. In 1870 he came to North America and entered the New Jersey State Normal School, where he graduated the following year. In the fall of 1871 he entered Lafayette College at Easton, Pennsylvania, where he pursued his studies three years, taking a full classical course. • In 1874 he entered Union Theological Semi- nary, New York, and graduated in 1877. He spent the following winter on a lecturing tour; then he came to Missouri to take charge of the Presbyterian churches of De Soto and Ironton, and was ordained at the latter place in April, 1879. In the fall of the same year he accepted a call to the Presbyteriai. Churcii of Kinsley, Kansas, where he remained till the close of 1881. On January 1, 1882, he arrived in the Golden State, and engaged in ministerial work until 1886, since which time he has devoted his time and attention, almost exclusively, to edu- cational interests and literary pursuits. Prof. Bransby has translated into the Spanish language Ryle's Expository Thoughts, also the American Tract Society's text-book and other religious works, and written the Second Spanish Book of the "Worman series, published by A. S. Barnes & Co. He has also contributed articles on educational subjects to the Colombian papers, and is a contributor to La America, an able Spanish weekly published in New York; to JEl Faro, of the city of Mexico, and to other secu- lar and religious papers. THE I.OS ANGELES BAPTIST UNIVEESITV. This flourishing young institution of learn- ing is, as its name implies, the representative seat of advanced education of the Baptist de- nomination in Southern California; and, judg- ing the future by the past, it is destined to soon become one of the leading great centers of learning on the Pacific Coast. At the annual meeting of the Baptist Association held in San Diego, in 1883, the subject of the need of a Baptist College in Southern California was first presented. At the meeting of the association, • held in Los Angeles, in 1884, the matter came prominently before that body and the discussion of it consumed a large part of the session. It was shown that, although this great Christian society had a college in the northern part of the State, yet, being separated from this by 500 miles distance and intervening mountain ranges, HISTORY OF LOS ASOBLEi COUNTY. with the attendant expense and loss of time in travelincp, rendered it impracticable for the ma- jority of students living in Southern California to attend it; that the rapid increase of popula- tion of a cosmopolitan character, who need the moral stimulus of a Christian college in their midst, and the future promise and great proba- bilities of this Italy of America made the founding of such a school of imperative im- portance. An affirmative decision being reached, and Los Angeles ciiosen as the most appropriate location for the University, several propositions were received to furnish a site for it. Tiie one offered by John S. Maltman and (i. H. Shatto, embracing fifteen acres of choice land contigu- ous to the western city limits, for a campus, and ten city lots besides, as a donation, was ac- cepted, and preparations were made to build. The corner-stone of the University building was laid February 3, 1887, • and it was com- pleted in time to open school the next fall. It is a substantial and ornate structure — of brick with stone trimmings — four stories high, in- cluding basement, and cost $25,000. The rooms are large, well lighted, airy and inviting, ad- mirably adapted to the purposes for which they were designed. It stands near the middle of the campus, comprising nearly sixteen acres, on the apex of a gently sloping eminence, which commands a charming view of ocean, plain and snow-capped mountain peaks of the Sierra Madre, composing a landscape unsur- passed in picturesque beauty, while the fresh mountain breezes in the morning and the in- vigorating wave-kissed breezes from the Pacific in the afternoon render the climate delightful and healthful. The ladies' dormitory is a two- story frame structure, standing a few rods to tlie west of the main building, and contains twenty-five bay-window rooms, very commo- dious and pleasant. The first term of school opened September 14, 1887, with Dr. William Shelton, LL.D., as president. At the close of the first college year Dr. Slielton resigned, and on July 15, 18S8, Rev. J. il. lieider was electo.l his suc- by an unanimous vote of the board. President Reider consented to accept the proffered honor on condition that he should have financial as well as literary control of the institution. On assuming charge, he infused new life and vigor into the young University. During the first year of his management he raised $6,000 outside of the regular income and paid off the indebtedness incurred the year previous; and the attendance increased so that two new teachers were added to the faculty, making eleven instructors. The educational facilities of the University were enlarged and improved, so that the curriculum of studies is as full and comprehensive as that of the East- ern colleges and universities; and comprises classical and scientific courses, as well as a com- plete conservatory course in music, and a course in art. The attendance in 1889 is 107 students, and the total enrollment since the opening of the University is 225. Within the past year large accessions have been made to the Univer- sity library; the campus has been nicely graded and over 900 ornamental trees have been planted on the grounds, besides shfubbery. The insti- tution is free from debt and has property of * $100,000 in value. A large sum will be raised the present year for an endowment fund; and the board of trustees are making provisions for erect- ing anotlier and still larger University building. President J. II. Reider was born in Woos- ter, Ohio, July 6, 1848, is descended from German ancestry and belongs to a family of ministers, five cousins being preachers, and Dr. Reider, the distinguished clergyman, late of Chicago, was an uncle of his. Being a mem- ber of a family of eight children, he, from choice, and with his father's consent, started out to earn his own living at sixteen years of age, and supported himself through college, chiefly by teaching. He took a classical course in Denton University, graduating with honors; and before leaving college accepted a call to preach in Columbia City, Indiana. During his five years of ministerial labors there the cliurch grew from a memhcrsliip of twenty to 150. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. His next charge was at Bluffton, where he re- mained eight years; and by excessive labor injured his health, preaching in one instance 113 sermons in 113 evenings, during a series of revival meetings, and riding three and five miles alternately to his appointments. In obedience to urgent recommendations of phjsi cians he resigned; and, with a view to seeking a milder climate, removed to Winfield, Kansas, taking pastoral charge of a prosperous church, which had one of the finest church edifices in the State. After two years and three months of successful work there, the failing health of his daughter demanded a change, and in April, 1887, he came with his family to Southern California, accepting a call the same month to the Baptist Church of Monrovia, where, during the year of his pastoral work, before resigning to accept the presidency of the University, he increased the membership of the church from twenty-five to 164, and built a house of w-orship. Mr. Keider is a polished, thrilling speaker, his masterly eloquence having won for him in the East the title of "golden-tongued orator." In the fourteen years of his public ministry he baptized into the church 856 persons. Before being ordained for the ministry, he was joined in marriage with Miss McLoud, of Columbus, Ohio, on June 11, 1872. Of their two chil- dren, one died in infancy. Lenella G., their living daughter, is a bright, promising miss of twelve years, who, when they brought her to California, was threatened with catarrhal con- sumption, and was scarcely able to walk, but now enjoys robust health. IICCIDENTAL UNIVERSITY. The principal building of this institution is a fine three-story brick structure on a beautiful slope just east of the city of Los Angeles, be- tween First and Second streets. The view from this point in every direction is magnificent. School was opened here in 1888. The prepara- tory department is the old McPherron Academy, at No. 526 South Grand avenue, which was [ opened September 28, 1886, by A. S. and J. M. i McPherron, as a boarding and day school for boys, and which is now named the Occidental Academy. Both boys and girls are of cour^ admitted to the University. Corps of instructors in the University: Rev. S. II. Weller, D. D., President and Professor of Moral Science and Mental Philosophy ; J ohn Mc- Pherron, A. M., Vice-President and Professor of Mathematics; Kev. J. W. Parkhill, A. M., An- cient Languages; Mrs. L. M. Stevens, Special Teacher in Latin and Instructor in Elocution; Rev. John A. Gordon, D. D., English Literature and Belles-lettres; Mrs. Laura A.Dunlap, Gram- mar Department; Rev. Carlos Bransby, A. M., Modern Languages; Miss Asbury Kent, Piano and Class Instruction in Voice Culture; Miss Kate Eraser, Painting and Drawing; Mrs. J. M. McPherron, Matron. The instructors in the Academy are: Rev. S. H. Weller, D. D., President; Horace A. Brown, A. M.. Principal; General C. W. Adams, Mathe- matics; Rev. J. W. Parkhill, A. M., Ancient Languages; Mrs. H. A. Brown, Primary School; Miss Asbury Kent, Piano and Class Instruction in Vocal Music; Miss Kate Eraser, Painting and Drawing; Mrs. Emma H. Adams, Matron. ELLIS COLLKOE. This institution is located on " College Hill," in the western part of the city, being accessible from the business center by cable-cars of the Second- street line. The building is fairly well adapted to college purposes, and is surrounded by well-kept grounds which command a lovely view of mountain and valley scenery. The course of study comprises thorough training in tlie various English branches, in ancient and modern languages, and in music, painting and oratory. The preparatory department has been graded to cover a period of five years. The art department, under the management of a resident teacher, is one of the strong features of the in- stitution. The fundamental principles of voice- building, expressive reading and systematic physical training form an important part of the regular school work. i_X^'U'&^ ay l_y^<-'^^-'^_,^^ LAL School. jjOSAMGELas 'Jal HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. The faculty of the college is made up as fol- lows: Henry Ludlam, B. E., President, Voice Culture and Expressive Reading; Mrs. Henry Ludlam, Preceptress, Phonics, Physical Training and Gesture; Emily A. Rice, Literature, Rhetoric and History; Alice E. Stillman, Mathematics; Ora Poring, Natural and Rational Sciences; Es- sie H. Junkin, Preparatory; Marie L. Cobb, Piano; Julia A- Long, Vocal Music; E. A. Rice, Art; M. L. Cobb, Modern Languages. ST. Vincent's college. Among the numerous and prosperous educa- tional institutions is St. Vincent's College, lo- cated on South Grand avenue and Washington street. It is a chartered institution, conducted by the priests of St. Vincent's Parish. The course of studies is classical, scientific and com- mercial, comprising all the branches usually taught in colleges. The. modern languages, Spanish, German and French, receive special attention. The college buildings are commo- dious and well equipped. There are good accommodations for boarding pupils in the institution. The officers of the college are: Very Reverend A. G. Meyer, President; Rev. M. Dyer, Profes- sor of Logic, Metaphysics, Higher Mathematics and Ancient Languages; Rev. L. P. Landry, Professor of Physics, Chemistry and English; Rev. J. Cooney, Professor of the Commercial Department; Rev. J. J. Murray, Professor of English Literature, Rhetoric and History ; Rev. F. X. Antill, Professor of English and Mathemat. ics; Professor Fernandez, Teacher of Sjjanish; J. Murphy, of Primary Department. rATHKOKAL SCHOOL. This, a parochial school, organized in 1880, for both sexes, is located on South Los Angeles street, between Second and Third streets, and is conducted by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart. The builditig, of brick, is new and commodious. A board inir-school for young ladies is coniiecteil with the institution. The average attendance at the Cathedral School is about 300. Ira More, Principal of the State Normal School at Los Angeles, was born in Parsons- field, York County, Maine, May 20, 1829. He is of early New England stock, his great-grand-' father, John More, who lost his life fighting the Indians in the war of 1756, being one of the early settlers of Scarboro, Maine. His grand- father, also John More, was the first settler of Parsonsfield, and served in the Revolutionary army about Boston from before Bunker Hill until the British were driven out; and afterward served in New York. The young lad Ira was early inured to hard work in the flinty New England fields, a training which afterward did him excellent service; for both father and mother died before he was twelve, and the property left him being soon squandered by in- competent management on the part of those having it in charge, he found himself truly in a "parlous state, shepherd." However, with a courage born of blissful ignorance, not knowing the certain dangers and the hai'd struggle of life, nor the laws of "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest," he faced the situation as well as he could, and took up the work which his hands found to do. He went to Massachusetts in the early spring of 1847, and graduated at the State Normal School at Bridgewater, at Christmas, 1849; afterward taught in the same school, and in Hingham, Milton, and Newburyport; graduated in the scientific department of Yale College in 1855; was elected first assistant of the Chicago High School in 1856, and helped to organize that institution, taking special charge of the city Normal School which was placed in connection with it. Mindful of his duty to his native place, he returned to his early home for a wife, marrying Lucy C. Drew, April 16, 1857. They are still walking the "long path" together. In 1857 Mr. More was elected to the mathematical department of the State Normal University at Bloomington, Illinois. "In the summer of 18()1 he enlisted in the Thirtv-tliird Regiment 111!- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. iiois Infantry, saw three years of liard service, the siege and capture of Vicksbiirg being one of the campaigns. Resigned as Captain of Company G, in the summer of 1864, broken in health by the malaria of the Western Louisiana bayous; removing to Minnesota in the spring of 1865, he was Professor of Mathematics in the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis in 1867-'69. In the latter year he was elected principal of the Minnesota State Normal School at St. Cloud. Migrated to California in 1875; was principal of the San Diego public schools, 1875-'76; taught in the State Normal School at San Jose, 1876-'83, since which time he has been principal of the State Normal School at Los Angeles. Few men still in the work have so long a public-school record. Of the thirty-nine years since he began teaching, thirty have been de- voted to the school-room; and of these, twenty- five years have been given to normal-school work. A frank, outspoken manner, and a fear- lessness in putting down factious opposition, have sometimes made him enemies, who have, however, usually become friends on knowing him better. He is growing old in the comfort- able belief that the world is growing better, and that the position and treatment a man receives in this life are, on the average, as good as he deserves. C. J. Flatt, Vice-Principal of the State Nor- mal School at Los Angeles, is a native of the State of New York. Most of his life has been passed in the school-room, having been engaged in teaching twenty-five years, a greater portion of the time in this State. Few teachers are more widely known in California. His pupils may now be met in every section of the State, engaged in her various industries, and bearing evidence of the efHcieney of his instruction. Mr. Flatt's early education was received from the public schools of his town, and from an academy in a neighboring village. He engaged in the study of medicine, but teaching school from time to time to jiay e.xpt'iises, he was so well pleased with tiio work that he determined to fit himself for teaching as a life pursuit. Normal schools at that time were something new. New York State had recently established at Albany her first school of this kind, and each county was entitled to nominate a certain num- ber of pupils. The young man sought and re- ceived a nomination to this school, which was fortunately presided over by the celebrated edu- cator, D. P. Page, whose influence. rarely failed to create in his pupils an enthusiasm for the pursuit in which they were to engage. After graduating, he taught some time, when, feeling the necessity of wider culture, he entered the Genesee Wesleyan College, where his scholastic course ended. After teaching again some time in his native State, he emigrated to this coast. Here he engaged in mining till an opportunity was offered him at Benicia to commence his school work again. In 1857 he established at Benicia the Collegi- ate Institute, which for some years was the lead- ing boarding school of the State. Its growth led to its incorporation as the Benicia College. During the eleven years that Professor Flatt was at the head of this institution, it enjoyed a high degree of prosperity. The college finally passed under the control of the Episcopal Church, and Mr. Flatt resigned and moved to San FrancisiCo. When the Branch State Normal School was located in Los Angeles, Mr. Flatt was appointed vice-principal, and sent to organize it. He has remained in the school since, filling tiie duties of a proiessor of mathematics, and largely iden- tified with the eminent success of that valuable institution. Professor Flatt married. Miss Mary Verhavre, daughter of Dr. Verhavre, of Oakland, Cali- fornia. Melville Dozier, Professor of Physics and Book-keeping in the State Normal School, Los Angeles, was born in Georgetown, South Caro- lina, May 22, 1846, and received his education at the State Military Academy and at Furman University, in his native State. In 1868 he emigrated to California and engaged in teach- HISTORY OF LOS ANOBLBS COUNTY. iug in Solano County for two years and in the State of Nevada two years. In 1874 he was elected principal of the High Scliool at Santa Kosa, and he held that position ten years; and in 1884 was elected to the Chair of Physics in the State Normal School at Los Angeles, and since then he has been zealous in its interests- Yery few teachers have had so long an ex- perience on the Pacific Coast. Prof. Dozier married Miss Elizabeth W. Ed- wards, daughter of Prof. P. C. Edwards, of Furman University, South Carolina. They have one son, by name Melville, Jr. C. K. GuNNE, Professor of English and His- tory in the University of Southern California, is a native of Canada, and a son of the late Rev. John Guniie, Kector of Florence. Born Decem- ber 10, 1855, he was educated at Ilellmuth Col- lege, London, and at the University of Trinity College, Toronto, where he graduated in 1876. He was afterward a head master of High Schools in Ontario. Li 1886, on account of the ill health of his wife, he came to tiie Golden State, and in 1887 accepted his present position. He is secretary of the University, and zealous and efficient in its interests. He has given special attention also to the study of ihe cultivated languages and of mineralogy. Prof. Gunne married Miss M. S. Suft'el, of St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada, and they have two children. Edwin Kuthven Shradek, Professor of Phys- ics and Chemistry in the University of South- ern California, was born in Wood County, Ohio, May 15, 1841. His parents, John and Marga- ret Shrader, were among the pioneer settlers of the Western Reserve, and the thriving town of Fostoria now occupies a part of the old home farm. Prof. Shrader received his academic ed- ucation at Hedding Seminary, Abingdon, Knox County, Illinois, then two years at Genesee Col- lege, Lima, New York, and finally, in 1871, graduated at the Northwestern University, Evans- ton, Illinois, receiving the degree of A. B., and in due time that of A. M. He then acted as assistant j>rofessor of y)hysics and chemistry in the latter institution until 1876, when he was elected to the chair of natural science at Chad- dock College, Quincy, Illinois; subsequently he was elected superintendent of schools for Mt. Sterling, Brown County, Illinois, which position he held five years. In 1885, on account of the ill health of his wife, he came to Califoraia and directly became connected with the University in which he now holds a chair. He is the "senior professor" in this institution. In June, 1888, he received the degree of Doctor of Phi- losophy from Mallieu University at Bartley, Nebraska. In 1874 Prof. Shrader was united in mar- riage with Miss Eva Mattison, of Evanston, Illinois. She is a daughter of S. A. Mattison, Esq., noiv a prominent citizen of Los Angeles, and for more than a quarter of a century one of the most prominent and successful insurance men in the United States. Prof, and Mrs. Shra- der have three children, namely: Edwin Roscoe, Ada May and Sarah Etliel. Mrs. C. p. Beadfield, Principal of Drawing in the public schools of Los Angeles. Among those who have been prominently identified with educational interests in the public schools of this city, the subject of this notice is worthy of special mention. She is a native of Ver- mont; received her education in New York, and completed her studies under the tuition of Miss Jeffi-ies, who for many years has enjoyed a wide reputation throughout the country as a teacher of drawing. Mrs. Bradfiuld came to Los Angeles in 1873, since which time she has been teaching in the schools and universities. In 1880 she was appointed principal of drawing in all the public schools of the city, which position she has since held, giving entire satis- faction.' She is an enthusiast in her favorite calling; and the high standard attained by the pupils in this department of study gives ample evidence of the qualifications and earnestness of their teacher. Indeed, it is not too much to say that in no department of the public schools is so much care taken and ambition manifested. She visits all the schools at least once a month. 284 HIHTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. instructs the teachers and sees that the work is properly done. The course in drawing is systematically graded throughout the city, and is taught in all the scliool grades. It comprises lessons in object and working drawings, drafts for models and patterns, drawing to a scale, designs for floral and surface decorations of all sorts, for carpets, oil-cloths, table-cloths and other textile fabrics, wall paper, wood carving, mantels, tiles, vases, dishes, historical ornaments, etc., etc. In floral decorations the designs are drawn from nature. The principles of shading are also taught in connection with all this work. The school- rooms throughout the city are supplied with sets of models. No better work is done in the West, if even in the United States. Mrs. Bradfield is the compiler of a neat series of drawing blanks, with instructions, just published by that celebrated school-book publishing house, A. S. Barnes & Co., of New York. Miss Maria E. Murdoch, Principal of the Breed Street Public School of Los Angeles, has been connected with the educational interests of Los Angeles since 1883. For three years she was in the Normal Training School, and was then appointed teacher in the Breed Street School. For the past three years she has acceptably tilled that position. She is a native of California. Miss Murdoch j'eceived her education in this State, and is a graduate of the San Jose Normal Scliool. Miss E. P. Mykick, Principal of the San Pedro Street School, is a native of New York State. After graduating at the State Normal School at Bufi'alo, she taught public school in that city for a time, and in 1886 came to Cali- fornia. For the past two years she has been connected with the public schools of Los An- geles, and has been in her present p isition one year and a half. G. D. IIowLAND, Principal of the Sand Street Public School, Los Angeles, is a son of Gardner Howland, and was born in Troy, New York, February 10, 1861. lie received his element- ary education in the schools of his native town, and in 1874 came with his parents to Los An- geles. Here, after graduating at the High School, he took a two years' course in the Uni- versity of Southern California. Next, he taught school four years, a portion of this time as principal of the schools at Wilmington, this county, and Anally, since 1887, he has had his present position. Miss Jeannj: Ross, Principal of the Macy Street School, Los Angeles, is a native of Pictou, Nova Scotia. Her parents, William and Isa- bella Ross, were both experienced teachers, and she enjoyed excellent educational advantages and completed her studies in the Normal School. She emigrated to California in 1872 and engaged in teaching in Napa County and in San Fran- cisco until 1882, when she came here and taught two years in East Los Angeles. For the past five years she has tilled her present position, above mentioned. Miss Vesta Olmstead, Principal of the Eighth Street Public School, Los Angeles, is a native of California. Her father, S. H. Olmstead, was a native of the State of New York, and came to California in 1852. Her mother, also a native of the Empire State, came to the coast in i 1862, and engaged in teaching. Miss Olmstead received her early education in the public schools, and completed her school career at the State Normal School here and at a business and com- mercial college in San Francisco. In 1887 she was employed to teach in the Eighth Street School in this city, and the following year was appointed to her present position. Miss Addie C. Murray, Principal of Amelia Street School, Los Angeles, has been engaged in teaching in the city public, schools since 1882. Seven teachers are employed in this school be- sides herself, and there are 860 pupils on the roll. Miss Murray is a native of New York State. Her education was received in Minne- sota, where she graduated at the Normal School. Since completing her education she has had a large experience in teaching. Miss A. Weiinick, teaciicr of music an 1 Ian- HISTOHY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. guages, Maple avenue, near Twelfth street, Los Angeles, is a native of Southern Germany, where she received her literary education, in- cluding a course in French and Italian. Having from early childhood evinced a taste for music, she was given opportunity for developing her talents, with especial regard to piano music, in Germany, and to the mandolin in Italy. In November, 1887, the family emigrated about a third of the way round the globe, alighting in this favored spot, whither the only son had come two years previously. Since that time Miss "Werner has been successfully engaged in teach- ing piano and mandolin music and the German, French and Italian languages. Miss Janet IIendekson, Principal of the Ilellman Street Public School, has been con- nected with the scliools of the city of Los An- geles for the past live years. She is a native of Nevada County, this State, where her parents, Alexander and Mary (Archibald) Henderson, are still living. They are natives of Scotland, and came to this State in 1853. Miss Hender- son graduated at the State Normal School at San Jose, and, coming to Los Angeles in 1884, she took charge of the Pearl Street School the first year, the Griffin Avenue School in East Los Angeles the second year, the Hellman Street School the third year, the school on Pine street the fourth year, and the present year of the Ilellman Street School again, the school year closing in July, 1889. Here she has ten assistant teachers, and 450 to 500 scholars in attendance. Miss L. F. Keller, Principal of the Mont- gomery Street School, Los Angeles, has been connected with the schools of this city since 1883. She was assistant principal of the Sand Street Scliool when it was located where the new court-house now stands; then had charge of the primary department of the Castelar Street School, and during the past year was appointed to her present position as princial of the Mont- gomery Street Public School. Miss Keller is a native of California. Her father, John W. Keller, is one of the early pioneers of the Pacitic Coast. Miss Keller attended school in San Francisco, and completed her education at the State Normal School at San Jose. A. J. Stamm, Professor of Music, 118 East Fifth street, Los Angeles, was born in Germany, January 27, 1849, and began the systematic study of music during his early childhood. His father, although in good circumstances, desired him to cultivate habits of economy and thrift, and accordingly, during his boyhood, earned and saved his money to assist in defraying his expenses, as for a number of years he pursued his musical studies. He was in the army four years, connected with the band, and also played in the Eoyal Opera in Hanover. In 1874 he emigrated hither to the greater land of oppor- tunity, engaged in teaching, and was organist in churches for several years. Going to Bing- hamton. New York, he taught music there in the schools; likewise in Amsterdam, that State, three years; then a like period of time in Al- bany, same State, as teacher and organist; and finally, in 1885, he came to Los Angeles. Here he has been engaged in teaching and conducting singing societies, taking a leading position in musical matters. He was organist at the Cathedral two years. In 1877 Prof. Stamm married Miss Margaret A. Veith, a native of Mayence, Germany. They have one son: Julius G. Fred Bornemann, Professor of Music, Los Angeles, was born in Prussia, at the foot of the Brockenberg Ilarz Mountains, April 18, 1842, and at an early age he begun the study of music in Berlin. In 1871 he came to America and for several years made New York his home. During this time he made a trip to South Amer- ica with an opera troupe. After his return lie sang in all the principal cities of the United States, East, West and South. Coming to Cali- fornia in 1876, he accepted a position in a San Francisco opera troupe and went with it to old Mexico and South America, including Chili. Returning to San Francisco, he built the Oak- land Opera House and opened it. Next he as- sumed the management of Winter Garden in IIISI'ORY OF LOS ANOEl ES COUNTY. San Francisco. He took the part of the " Friend " in the opera "Satanella;" was next engaged for same part in the Standard Theater in New York; then in McCanl's Opera Company, sing- ing with it in all the large cities in this conntry; and afterward went to Germany and studied the best methods of voice culture in Berlin for a year and a half. Eeturning to America he sang again in opera. Managed for a season tlie McCaul Opera Troupe at the Spanish fort in New Orleans. He was stage manager in English Opera for several years and always was successful, also, as singer and actor in his part. In 1887 he came to Los Angeles and asso- ciated himself with Prof. Stamm and since then has been engaged in teaching music, giving vocal and dramatic lessons. A. G. Gaedner, organist and professor of music, was born in Wittenberg, Germany, Au- gust 30, 1847. His father was a professor of music, his mother was a musician, and his grandfather was also a professor of music. He well inherited his taste for music. When five years of age his parents emigrated to America and settled at Lebanon, in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, where the father engaged in teaching. He began the study of music, ap- plying himsely closely for three years, taking leiBons on the violin and organ. The family all being of a musical turn, his parents traveled all over the United States, giving family concerts. The subject of this sketch attracted wide atten- tion as the "great boy violinist" when only nine years old, and challenged the world. Upon he breaking out of the Rebellion, they were living in New Orleans, and he and his father enlisted in the United States army, in which his father was the leader of a band, and the young professor taught the boys. After liis discharge he engaged in teaching in New Orleans, and taught the violin, piano, accordeon, guitar, flute and clarionet, being familiar with all those musical instruments. While living in New Orleans, Prof. Gardner was united in marriage with Mrs. Barbara Yom Hofe, widow of Gnstave Vom Hofe, a piano-maker in that city. Her maiden name was Miss Grunnwald, and she was a native of Bavaria, Germany. Her father was a school- teacher and prominent musician and organist. He received an extra pension from the Govern- ment and the protection of the King, and had letters from bis majesty. Prof, and Mrs. Gard- ner remained in New Orleans and were promi- nently identified with musical interests there until January, 1887, when they came to Los Angeles, and since then he has been engaged in teaching music, on the piano, organ, violin, guitar, cornet and flute, and also in giving les- sons in voice culture. He is also organist at the Cathedral, and is a composer of music. Mrs. Gardner, too, is an accomplished musician, having an excellent voice; has sung in church choirs ever since she was eight years old, and is now alto leader in the Cathedral choir. Mr. and Mrs. Gardner have six children, all of whom inherit the musical tastes of their parents. Marie played organ in church when but fourteen years old; Edward, violinist and pianist, is now organist in New Orleans, where his father was, in Notre Dame Church (French Catholic), on Jackson street, near Magazine street: his choir and music are supreme; Eliza, sopranist; Louis, who has a remarkably good bass voice; Cecelia, who has a fine voice, is studying piano and violin; and Aloys is a prom- ising violinist. C. S. DeL.^no, Professor of Music, Los An- geles, is a native of Wisconsin, being born in the town of Ripon, that State, October 6, 1863, a son of J. S. and Harriet H. De Lano, natives of the State of New York; graduated at the State University at Madison in 1886; pursued his musical studies on the guitar under the in- struction of Prof. Hancock, of New York, and engaged in teaching in Racine, Madison and other places. Coming to Los Angeles in 1886, he engaged in teaching music. He organized the Arion and Mandolin Club. More recently he has organized the Arion Quintette, which has since become prominent in musical circles. He is a thorough student in his profession, and IlISTOUY OF LOS ANOELEti COUNTY. has coiiipoeed many pieces of excellence. Is a member of tiie musical facultj of the Los An- geles College, teaclung the guitar in that popu- lar school for young ladies. Prof. De Laiio was married February 1, 1887, to Miss Myrtie Coburn, of Oconto, Wisconsin.' Pkof. G. W. Hersee, Professor of Music, Los Angeles, was born in the State of Maine, May 2, 1842, and is a son of Samuel S. and Ptelief (Dyer) Hersee. After attending the common schools during boyhood, he pursued his preparatory studies and enttred Amherst College, where he completed his education. He studied medicine at Bowdoin College, and after practicing his profession a short time gave his attention to the study of music. His mother was a great lover of music, and had a very un- usual voice; and he developed a taste for music at an early age. He pursued his m usieal studies in Boston, at the New England Conservatory of Music, and was afterward engaged in teaching, and for many years conducted musical conven tions in cities and towns throughout the Eastern States, and also in Illinois, Wisconsin and Min- nesota and other Western States. He came to Calilornia in 1887, and since then has been identified with the musical interests of Los Angeles and Southern California. He has also a decided talent for literature and has written many stories for Eastern liter- ary syndicates. "Hello, Central!" was pro- nounced by the McClure syndicate to be one of the best stories of its class ever written. He has also nearly completed a book of 250 manu- script pages entitled, " The Strange Story of the Last Man on Earth." In 1877 Prof. Hersee was united in marriage with Miss Anna E. Geran, a native of JSfew York City. They have one daughter, Grace. M. S. Akevalo, Professor of Music and one of tiie leading guitarists on this coast, now of Los Angeles, was born in Guadala.vara, Mexico, July 5, 1843, attended school during his boyhood, and at the age of fifteen years be- gan the study of music. I„ 1870 he came to California and taught music in San Francisco two years. In 1872 he came to Los Angeles to giv^^ncerts; and on the solicitation of friends he located here and has since been successfully engaged in the practice of his favorite profes- sion; he has been prominently identified with the musical interests of the city generally. For a. long time he was a singer lor various churches here. He was an efficient worker in the establishment of the Spanish newspaper. La Chronic, and was connected with it for several years. SiGNOE Caklo MoDiNi, music teacher, Los Angeles, is a native of Illinois. He inherited his taste for music from his father, who was a singer but made no pretentions to musical cult- ure. From early childhood Sig. Modini ex- hibited great fondness for music, and all the friends and acquaintances of the family advised his parents to give him a musical education. Accordingly, while very young he commenced the study of music in New York; but in order to complete his course lie went to Italy and pursued liis studies under Lamperti, the most noted vocal teacher of the nineteenth century. He afterward sang at various points in Italy, France, the islands of Java and Ceylon, Egypt^ India and Australia, making a tour of the world.' Peturning to America, he stopped in New York City; but the severity of the climate so aflected his voice that he came and settled in Los An- geles, where he is a leading singer and teacher ot music. Henry Ludi.am, Professor of Elocution, Los Angeles, is a native of New Jersey. He was born July 25, 1857, and during his early boy- hood his parents removed with him to Philadel- phia, where he received his early education. Afterward he attended the Hackettstown, New Jersey, Institute, and then the National School of Oratory at Philadeli)hia, in which he gradu- ated. After teaching elocution in several schools and colleges, he was elected to the Chair of Voice Culture and Expressive Reading in the National School just mentioned, which position he sustained until January, 1887, when, on account of his wife's ill health, he emigrated to HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COifNTY. this State. In September, 1888, he was called to the Chair of Elocution in the University of Southern California. He took charge of Ellis College for a time, and since then has devoted his entire attention to the organization of a school of oratory and arts. Miss Kittie Richards, Teacher of Elocution, Los Angeles, is a native of Illinois. Her par- ents, William II. and Mary L. Richards, were for many years residents of Palatine, one of the suburbs of Chicago, and in 1879 removed in the city to enable Miss Richards to pursue her elocutionary studies. She entered the Chicago School of Oratory, and graduated in March, 1888, after which she came to Los A.ngeles and engaged in teaching. She has a large class and is very thorough in her work, and a brilliant future awaits her. Miss L. E. Garden, Principal of the School of Art and Design, Ramona, corner of Spring and Third streets, Los Angeles, is a native of London, England, and a daughter of English parents, Robert Spring and Louisa Garden. She began the study of art at seven years of age. Having obtained the highest diploma and prizes awarded by the South Kensington School of Art, she exhibited a picture at the Royal Academy, London, at the age of sixteen; it attracted much attention, and sold at a high price. Encouraged by this marked success, she went to Germany, where she studied several years under the best masters. After the com- pletion of her studies, she taught nine years in the celebrated London Art. School. Her quiet and unassuming manner covers a deep enthusi- asm for her art. Her methods of teaching have that old-world thoroughness and patience which are the only solid foundation of success. Miss Garden's school in Los Angeles was established in May, 1887, and is becoming widely and most favorably known. Doubtless it will event- ually be one of the leading institutions of Cali- fornia. Professors N. W. Murch and H. L. Lunt established the Harvard Military Academy at Los Angeles, March 19, 1888, and are fully equipped to give a regular scientific and classi- cal course, including all the English branches. Pupils are fully prepared here for the higher institutions of learning. The building is on the same ground formerly occupied l)y St. Vin- cent College, one of the most prominent loca- tions in the city. Professor Murch was born in Ellsworth, Maine, April 10, 1864, received his preparatory education through his own exertions, and en- tered Phillips Academy at Andover, Massachu- setts, taking a full course and graduating in 1884. Going then to Rochester, Minnesota, he entered the law office of Kellogg & Eaton, and pursued law studies for two years, and also engaged in teaching. On account of ill-health he came to California, in January, 1887. Professor Lunt was born in Durham, Maine, February 22, 1862, a son of Alfred and Ellura Lunt, natives also of that State. He was grad- uated at Bowdoin College in the class of 1885, and in 1887 came to California and assumed his duties in his present relation. L. D. Smith, deceased, was born January 19, 1847, in Ohio, graduated at the Wesleyan Uni- versity at Delaware, that State, in 1870, and then engaged in teaching. In 1874 he married Miss Annie Casad, who died in 1880, leaving one son: Hermon. During 1875-'76 he was coimected with the High School in Springfield, Ohio; then he came to Los Angeles and con- tinued in his chosen profession until 1881, when he was appointed Collector of Customs at Yuma. After holding that position one year he returned to Los Angeles and resumed his profession. He served as principal of the High School for a time, and then was elected city superintendent of schools, which office he held until his death, September 1, 1885, from illness caused by overwork. He was both zealous and efficient in his efforts to raise the standard of education, and his influence was felt at many points throughout the State. In 1883 he mar- ried Miss M. A. Prescott, a native of Massa- chusetts, who received her education in New England and became a teacher. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. THE LOS ANGELES FURNITURE COMPANY is the outgrowth of a l)nsiness organized by Dalter & Riiiakli in Los Angeles, in the year 1868, at No. 13 Commercial street. In 1872 Mr. C. 11. Rinaldi disposed of his interest in the business to Mr. I. W. Lord. In 1876 Mr. Lord was succeeded by C. H. Bradley, and the busi ness was conducted by Dalter & Bradley until August 1, 1S84, when the present company was incorporated, absorbing the stock in trade and the good-will of the concern, and in which both Messrs. Dalter and Bradley took shares of stock. The Los Angeles Furniture Company was incorporated with a cash capital of $100,000, which has since been increased to $150,000. Its present officers are: Colonel II. H. Marka- ham, of Passadena, President; C. H. Bradley, of Los Angeles, Vice-President; General E. P. Johnson, of Los Angeles, Secretary, Treasurer and Business Manager. The mammoth sales- rooms of this company at Nos. 259 and 261 North Main street are models of their kind, being roomy, liglit and airy, conveniently ar- ranged, fitted up with all tlie modern appliances for the rapid transaction of business, including passenger and freight elevators connecting with the three floors, which are 50 x 170 feet in area, with fronts on both North Main and New High streets. Their stock includes everything in the line of house-furnishings and office furniture, in styles, variety and prices to suit people of wealth and most fastidious taste or those of moderate means. To illustrate: Parlor-sets are sold from their stock at $1,500, chamber-sets of their own designs and finish for $600, while well-made chamber sets ranging in price as low as $25, and in a variety of popular styles, are kept on sale. In their furniture salesrooms none but sample pieces are exhibited, all orders being tilled from their warehouse. The first floor is devoted to the exhibition of their sample stock of office fur- niture, comprising desks, chairs, etc., dining- room furniture; chamber furniture, embracing an elegant line of folding-beds. On the second floor may be found parlor goods, better quality of chamber-sets, hall-racks and chairs, reed and rattan goods, book -cases, wardrobes, parlor cabi- nets, ladies' secretaries, music-racks, etc. The third floor is devoted to a complete line of carpets, linoleums, rugs, mattings, etc., these goods carried in a large variety of styles, quali- ties and widths. And in the rear of the carpet- room is the carpet-making and fitting rooms, and window-shade making department. The upholstei'y department of the house is likewise complete in all of its appointments. Its stock is replete with all of the delicate and modern shades of plushes, velours, furniture coverings, fringes of most elegant styles and shades; lace curtains are also in this department, ranging in prices as high as $75 a pair. The most compe- tent, artists in their lines of work are employed in this department as designers and upholster- ers. They take measures, design and hang all kinds of draperies. The manufacturing department is in an ad- joining number connected with the main sales- rooms on the second and third floors, where elaborate and expensive parlor goods and dra- peries are designed and built. The main warehouse, from which all furniture orders are tilled, is located on Keller street, and connected by switch with the Southern Pacific Railway. The stock of the Los Angeles Furni- ture Company invoices about $250,000. They employ a force of from forty to fifty men and clerks as business at various seasons of the year requires. Their spacious and elegant offices are located in the rear of the first floor and are presided over by General Johnson, as- sisted A. II. Voigt. Mr. Dalter, who is the pioneer furniture merchant of Los Angeles, and essentialh' the founder of this immense business, has entire management of all help in the insti- tution and superintends the manufacturing. It is safe to say that, without a single exception, this is the largest and in all of its departments the most complete furniture house on the Pa- cific slope, and is an institution of which any American city might feel justly proud. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Los Angeles contains forty-four cliureh or- ganizations, of twelve different denominations, besides a few rejiresentatives of other faiths, as spiritualism, theosophy, Parsaism, Mohammed- anism, Buddhism, Confucianism, etc., and an organization auxiliary to the National Secular Union. CATHOLIC. The early history of Catholicism in Los An- geles was naturally given in chapters IV., V. and VI. of this volume. The later history is as follows: "When, on account of the discovery of gold, in 1848, the population began to increase rapidly throughout the State, Dr. Alemany was made Archbishop of San Francisco, and he selected Dr. Thaddeus Ainat as Bishop of Mon- terey. The latter was born in Barcelona, Spain, December 31, 1810; held various positions in Eastern (Southern) States, was consecrated Bishop in Rome March 12, 1854, and was the first to bear the title of " Bishop of Monterey and Los Angeles^ After residing in Santa Barbara for some time, he had the see trans- ferred to Los Angeles. Perceiving that his health was failing, he asked for a coadjutor, and the Very Rev. Francis Mora, who liad been con- secrated in 1873, was appointed to tiiat position. The many churches, colleges and orphanages erected during his time demonstrate Dr. Amat's energy and zeal. He brought a goodly number of clergymen from Europe to provide for the churches of his flock. During his administra- tion the Sisters of Charity were invited to open houses in tlie diocese; and subsequently he brought from Spain another religious commun- ity, — that of the Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, — who at once opened schools in various pai ■ts of the diocese. He found the missions nearly in ruins and church property in the hands of "squatters;" but after many years of patience and litigation, and after spend- iu^r thousands of dollars, he had the consolation of seeing every inch of church property re- stored to its proper owner. From a small chapel in the last years of the last century, the growth of church capacity has been such that Los Angeles can now boast of a Catholic Cathedral, the old Church of our Lady of the Angels, the new Church of St. Vincent, tlie German Church, and the Church of the Sacred Heart in course of erection in East Los Angeles. The CInirch of Our Lady of the Angels, at the Plaza on Main street, was built in 1821-''25, for the special use of the Spanish soldiers, as already intimated. In 1841 the building was greatly improved, and in 1862, under the di- rection of Fatiier Raho, the grounds adjoining the church wire tastefully laid out and planted in trees and flowers, and the front of the chnrch was frescoed and ornamented with holy images and inscriptions. The seating capacity is about 600. The parish is presided over by Rev. Peter Verdaguer, assisted by Revs. P. Grogiian and Joseph Genier. By the year 1870 the membership of this parish liad so increased that the Cathedral of St. Vibiana was erected from it. Rev. Peter Vekdaguer, Pastor of the Church of Our Lady, Los Angeles, is a native of Spain, and received his elementary and classical tuition in that country. September 27, 1860, he left Barcelona for this land of opportunity and en- terprise, and spent the first two years in theo- logical study at St. Vincent Seminary, Cape Girardeau, Missouri. He was ordained in San Francisco, December 12, 1862, and was sent as assistant priest to San Luis Obispo, and the following year as parisli priest to San Salvador and San Bernardino. He built th& first church at the latter place, in 1865-'66. In 1867 he was transferred to the San Gabriel Mission, where he remained four years, having charge of Anaheim, Santa Ana, Pomona and other places. He built the first church in Anaheim in 1869. In 1871 he was sent to San Bernardino, where he remained till May, 1872, when he was trans- ferred to Los Angeles. Here he was parish priest of the whole city until December 21, y-y^Z^ i^t'i'-i-t/ ^(L^e^~^ —■'1^^^ ^ HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. 1879, when tlie parish was divided. In 1880 lie established the parochial school for boys, and afterward built coiiiiiiodions rooms for the bet- ter accomniodatidn of the pupils. In 1888 he received pei'inission from the Bishop to build a church in East Los Angeles; he bought the lots, built a small room for Sunday-school, and then another ])riest was appointed to take chai-ge of it. He holds services also at San Fernando, Newhall, Kavenna and Lancaster. He has been in the church here longer than any other clergyman in the city at the present time. In December, 1887, he celebrated his silver jubilee, when $1,510 were presented to him by his many friends in Los Angeles. The Cathedral of St. FiJIST. Fort Street Methodist Episcopal Church. — The first Methodist sermon in Los Angeles was preached in June, 1850, by Rev. J. W. Brier, at the adobe residence of J. G. Nichols, where the court-house now stands. Mr. Brier was an emigrant of 1849, on the Salt Lake route. At Death Valley, on the desert, he had to put his wife and two children on an ox, himself afoot, and so entered Los Angeles. In 1853 Rev. Adam Bland was sent by the California Con- ference to this, the " Southern California Mis- sion." At this time Mr. Bland and J. W. Potts constituted the entire membership. In these early days meetings were held in the court-house. The ])astors in charge of the church have been: Revs. Adam Bland, 1853; J. McIIenry Calwell and W. R. Peck, 1855; Elijah Merchant, 1856; David Tuthill, 1857; C. Gillett, 1866; A. P. Hernden, 1867; A. Coplin, 1868; A. M. Hough, 1869-'70; P. Y. Cool, 1871; S. H. Stump, 1872; J. W. Camp- bell, 1873; George S. Mickey, M. M. Bovard and E. 8. Chase to October. 1883; V. F. Brazee to October, •1886. and li. S. Cantine thence to the present time. The membership has varied greatlj' on account of spasmodic impulses of immigration and formation of separate churches. The number now remaining is 1,405. The church edifice, on Fort street between Third and Fourth, when erected in 1875, cost $18,000, but $14,000 was expended in 1887 in enlarging and improving the building. On ac- count of the rise in real estate, the whole prop- erty in October, 1888, was valued at $75,000. A good parsonage is at 425 Fort street. Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, at 445 East First street, was erected some five or six years ago. The building and lot in the fall of 1888 was valued at $23,860. The parsonage, at 37 Banning street, was built in 1887. There are probaltly about 200 members in connection with this church. The pastors have been Revs. Vandevender, Learned, and since September, 1886, William A. Knighten. Simpson Methodist Episcopal Church, named in honor of the late Bishop Matthew Simpson, was incorporated February 26, 1887, and has now a membership of about 175. Rev. A. C. Williams, D. D., is the pastor. The church edifice, popularly known as the ''Simpson Methodist Episcopal Tabernacle," is located at 666 Hope street, and has a more im- posing style of architecture than any other in the city. It is now (September, 1889,) about completed. It cost about $40,000, and the lot, 134x165 feet, cost $9,000. In lot and building. Judge R. M. Widney alone has contributed nearly $20,000. The structure is of brick, terra cotta, granite and iron, no wood being used excepting for floors and joists. The terra- cotta work cost $5,000, and the pressed and matched brick — over a million in number — about $3,000. The bricks are ]n-cssed closely down, instead of being loosely laid upon the mortar, as is the custom, and the masonry throughout is said to be the best in Southern California. The window lighting and the tran- soms are of Venetian, cathedral and opalescent glass. There are two galleries, making the total seating capacity of the Tabernacle about 296 HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTT. 2,500. The seats are opera chairs, "style No. 4," with self-adjusting backs, from the Grand Rapids (Michigan) Furniture Company. On tlie main floor are large double parlors, for minor and social meetings, especially those con- ducted by the ladies. To the audience room are eight broad exits. Well equipped libi'ary and i-eading rooms are also furnished, and in the basement are several commodious rooms eventually to be used for calisthenic and gym- nastic exercises — one of the leading ideas of the corporation being the encouragement of young people in such entertainments and men- tal and physical development as are in keeping with the strictest rules of Christian propriety. The fine parsonage, on the same lot, will be, when completed, of a style of architecture simi- lar to that of the Tabernacle. Main Street Methodist Episcopal Church was organized September 12, 1885, in the theater at Washington Gardens, with only " two " (twelve?) members, out of a mission that had been started there the year previously. There are now 100 members, of whom the Class-Lead- ers are: A. Z. Taft, S. J. Lamphere, Theodore Kemp, S. H. Kingery, G. E. Johnson and II. E. Sisson. Rev. I. L. Spencer was pastor from 1885-'88, and Rev. Edward Thomson, D. D., thence to date. This minister is the son of the late eminent University president and bishop, Edward Thomson, of Delaware, Ohio. Tiie house of worship, 30x50 feet, was erected in 1886-'87, on Main street, near by, and removed to Cells street, near Main, in 1888, and im- proved. The church property in October, that year, was valued at $2,000. University Methodist Episcopal Church is at the University, for the accommodation of the professors and students of that institution. Vincent Methodist Ejnscopal Church was organized May 1, 1889, with about thirty mem- bers. Rev. W. B. Barber is pastor. The church building, 45 x 85 feet, on Shaw avenue, near Main, was erected this year, and dedicated July 14, by Bishop J. 11. Vincent, after whom it is named. Having a gallery at each end its seating capacity is about 800. It has also a library room, pastor's study, and other small rooms. Bellevue Avenue M eth odist Episcopal Church, corner of Pearl, was organized in Octo- ber, 1887, and has now nearly 180 members. Value of church property, $6,500. Pastor, Rev. Frank L. Morrill. The Central Avenue Methodist Ejnscopal Church was organized March 18, 1888; charter members, twelve; present membership, seventy- one. The corner-stone. of the church edifice was laid June 17, 1888. The lecture room was finished and furnished in August following. The main church, which was estimated to cost $8,000, is not yet built, though the foundation, 36x48 feet in dimensions, was all complete at the corner-stone laying. The size of the lecture room is probabl}' about 24 x 38 feet. The lecture or Sunday-school room will hold the relation of transept to the main building. The cost of the lecture room was $2,850; its seatiiig capacity, including gallery (end), is about 250. Its location is on Vernon avenue, near the corner of Central avenue. Dr. Daniel Cobb organized the church, and has been its pastor since February, 1888. They have a Sunday-school, organized the 22d of April, 1888, with thirty-two scholars, officers and teachers. At the present time there are 125 on the general roll. The church also has a " Band of Hope," numbering over 100 members. This church is incorporated according to State law and has a promise of coming strength. It also has two lots, giving 100 feet front and 165 feet in depth. " There is abundant room for a parsonage." Ashury Methodist Episcopal Church, in East Los Angeles, was oi-ganized several years ago; Rev. Daniel Cobb, D. D., was tlie first pastor, followed by Revs. E. S. Chase, Robinson, and Henry Cox since October, 1887. There are now about 260 members, counting also the probationers. The membership has nearly doubled within the last year and a half. Their house of worship is a neat frame struct- HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. ure located on the east side of Workman street, north of Downey avenue. The building, erected several years ago, has been considerably im- proved within the last year. The parsonage is at 44 North Sichcl street. Boyle Heights Methodist Episcopal Church was organized about four years ago. A Snnday- school, however, had been commenced in a building where a saloon now exists, at the junction of Chicago avenue with First street. The membership of the church has increased from eighteen to 150. The church building, a neat frame, is located at the intersection of St. Louis street and Pennsylvania avenue. The ministers have been: Revs. P. Peterson, Charles Shillings, J. A. Wachob, F. W. Johnson, and J. B. Holloway, the present pastor. Mr. Sanborn is superintendent of the Sunday-school. German Methodist Episcopal Church. — This denomination was first represented in Los An- geles County in July, 1872, and the first services held in Los Angeles, the first Sunday of that month and year, were conducted by Rev. G. H. Bollinger. In 1876 Mr. Bollinger was appointed by the Conference to organize the mission into a church, which organization was perfected the second Sunday in November, 1876, in the old Fort Street Methodist Church. The church when organized had nine members. The building which they now occupy, on Fourth street, between Hill and Fort, was dedicated the second Sunday in November, 1879; cost of the edifice and lot, $6,000. The Sabbath- school, also organized in November, 1876, has now a good attendance, with John Fuhrer as superintendent. The present membership of the church is 130; Class-Leaders: Dr. Carl Zahn and Y. Maeder. The ])astors since Rev. Bol- linger's time have been : Revs. William Schuldt, L. E. Schneider, and, since September, 1887, G. J. Schultz. The parsonage is at 246 South Hill street. The Los Angeles German Methodist Episco- pal Mission embraces three " appointments," — Pico Heights, Hyde Park and Main street German Methodist Episcopal Church; on Cells street, — which are now served by Rev. William Schuldt, just referred to. The German Methodists, while holding their membership in the old English-speaking con- ferences, have their work in this State, since the fall of 1888, distinctly organized. Swedish Methodist Episcopal Church was organized December 25, 1887, with thirteen !uembers, by Rev. August Peterson, who served as the first pastor until September, 1888, since which time Rev. John O. Wahlberghas been in charge. This people began holding their meet- ings in the German Methodist Episcopal Church on Fort street, but now worship in the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, South, on the same street, near Sixth. They have a lot, upon which a parsonage is built, at 38 Earl street, and they contemplate the erection of a church building at no distant day. Sunday nights they have services at Grand Army Hall, 25 North Main street. The present membership numbers forty- seven, of whom John Peterson is the leader. The church is in a flourishing condition. Wesley Chapel (colored) Methodist Episco- pal Church was organized August 24, 1888, with twenty-three members and eighteen pro- bationers; now there are fifty-six members and seventeen probationers. They hold services in a hall on Los Angeles street, near Boyd street. They are mostly from Texas,— a few from other Southern States. Rev. F. H. Tubbs (white) has been the pastor from the first to the present time. There was formerly an African Methodist Episcopal Church. Religious services were first held by this domination in Los Angeles at the "house of Robert Owen (familiarly called " Uncle Bob ") in 1854. A church was organ- ized and a house erected on the corner of Fourth and Charity streets, in 1869, and dedicated l)y Bishop T. M. D. Ward. The first members of the church were: Mrs. Winnie Owen, Mrs. B. Mason and Miss Alice Coleman. Rev. Moulton was the first pastor. Trinity Methodist Episcopal Chnrch, South. — As early as 1871-'72 ministers of the Metli- HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. odist Episcopal Church, Soutli, began to preach in Los Angeles and vicinity. Meetings were first lield in private lionses and in the old county conrt-house, under the direction of the Rev. Abram Adam?, now of Savannah, and others. Later the congregation assembled in a small hall, rented for tlie purpose, on Spring street. It was, however, not until the year 1873 that a permanent organization was effected. The Rev. A. M. Campbell was that year transferred from tlie East and became the first regular pastor. A lot was then purchased on Spring street, near the intersection of First, and in 1875 the origi- nal " Trinity " Church was erected. Under the pastorate of the Rev. Mr. Campbell the church enjoyed signal pros])erity, but his health failing in 1876, before the conclusion of his term, he was relieved from the work and Rev. H. W. Featherstone, of the Mississippi Conference, was transferred to fill the pastorate. He was succeeded in the following year by the Rev. M. J. Law, wlio occupied the pulpit until October, 1879, when Rev. Thos. R. Curtis, now of Downey, was appointed his successor. Mr. Curtis filled a full pastoral term of four years, and was succeeded November, 1883, by the Rev. W. B. Stradley, of the Halston Conference. Mr. Stradley also filled the full term, and under his energetic supervision the church grew to be one of the largest and most prosperous congre- gations of the city. During his pastorate plans were matured for the erection of a larger house of worship in a more eligible location. The old church and lot on Spring street were sold and the present site on Fort, between Fifth and Sixth streets, was secured. In 1885 the present elegant churcli was erected, at a cost of some $50,000 or more. A handsome organ was also placed in the choir loft, at a cost of $4,000. In 1887 the Rev. I). C. Browne, of Kansas City, became pastor by appointment of Bishop Hargrove. That year the second church, known as " Bellevue Avenue Church," was organized from the congregation of Trinity, with Rev. Stradley as pastor. Rev. Fitzgerald Parker, son of the late Bishop Par- ker, was made temporary pastor October, 1888, and filled the pulpit two months. In Novem- ber, 1888, the Rev. Horace M. Du Bose, the present pastor, was appointed by Biahop Gallo- way. During the present year three new churches have been organized under the auspices and from the congregation of Trinity, viz.: Wash- ington Street, with Rev. Geo. Bou^h, Pastor; San Mateo, on Mateo street, and the congrega- tion at Pasadena, with Rev. J. A. Harmon, Pastor. The first two named have erected beau- tiful and commodious houses of worship. The Pasadena congregation worships in "Webster Hall. This church now lias twenty-one mem- bers. Three hundred and twenty-five yet re- main as members of the old Trinity Church, and the number is constantly increasing. The German Evangtlioal Association of Los Angeles was organized in 1884, by Rev. Her- mann Brauer, who served as its pastor one year, followed by Theodore Suhr three years, and John Berger, from Wabash, Indiana, since May, 1888. There are now about seventy-five mem- bers, of whom Ervin Althaus is leader, George Gehring is an exhofter, and J. J. Kocher is the superintendent of the Sunday-school. The church building, about 34x56 feet, was erected in 1885, under the supervision of Rev. Suhr, and is located on Olive street, east side, between Seventh and Eighth streets. A fine parsonage, built by Rev. Brauer, adjoins the premises. PRESBYTERIAN. In November, 1854, the first Presbyterian service was held by Rev. James Woods, in a little carpenter shop on Main street, where the Pico House now stands. The first permanent organization of the First Presbyterian Church was in March, 1855. In the old adobe building on Spring street, Mr. Woods held regular Sun- day services for one year. When organized there were just twelve members. Mr. H. D. Barrows furnished music with his flute, and Mr. Granger (a lawyer and ex-Baptist minister) led the sinirinir. Rev. Mr. Davis succeeded Mr. II I STOUT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Woods and remained one year. Rev. J. M. Boardman (author of the "Higher Life") suc- ceeded and remained several years. Tlie church pulpit was then vacant for some years, save when occasional services were held, until the year 1875, when Rev. ¥. A. White, LL. D., re- suscitated the church and preached for several years. Rev. F. M. Cunningham (since deceased) came next and remained about a year and a half, and was succeeded by Rev. J. W. Ellis. From the fall of 1885 to October, 1888, Rev. W. J. Chichester, D. D., was the pastor, and since that time Rev. Mr. Russell, from Pennsylvania, sustains that relation. In October, 1888, there were about 800 members of this body, but on the formation of Immanuel Church soon after- ward about 100 were taken away; a number, however, have since joined. The Ruling Elders are: Angus Polsou, Wm. B. Herriott, J. B. Hunt, E. S. Fields and A. B. McBurney. This church assisted in the erection of what is known as the St. Athanasius Episcopal Church, located on the corner of Temple and New High streets, which was built in 1864 by the P'irst Protestant Society. They held serv- ices in this church until 1864, when they were refunded the amount they had contributed for its erection, and the building was transferred to the Episcopalians. Their house of worship is a line large edifice at the corner of Fort and Second streets. The Second Preshi/terian Church is in East Los Angeles, worshiping in their building, 45 X 50 feet, on the southwest corner of Downey avenue and Daly street, and beginning here six or seven years ago. At present there are 150 members. Pastor, R. Mayne Irvine since Jan- uary 1, 1888, who is a native of California, but graduated in the London (England) Presbytery; Stated Clerk, Robert Strong; Ruling Elders, Thomas Meredith, Dr. A. C. Stephenson and W. F. Poor; Sunday-school Superintendent, D. B. Sumner. Immanuel Presbyterian Church was organ- ized in October, 1888, with 130 members, by Rev. W.J. Chichester, D. O. Tiie membership has already (June, 1889,) increased to about 350. Elders, Samuel Miner, E. A. Saxton, M. S. Hewes, John S. Ward, L. D. Bell, M. H. Mer- riman, W. H. Chamberlain, Lyman Stewart and Dr. J. M. Boal; Treasurer, R. A. Crippen. This church is now temporarily meeting in tlie Los Angeles College building. They have purchased a lot on the corner of Tenth and Pearl streets, for $10,000, where they expect soon to erect a handsome house of worship. Bethany Presbyterian Church was organized December 28, 1887, by Rev. J. S. Giltillan, from Pennsylvania, who has ever since been the pastor. The membership has increased from thirty-one to seventy-eight. Ruling Elders, E. E. Galbreth and J. R. McKee; the latter is also superintendent of the Sunday-school. The house of worship, about 40 x 50 feet, is located on Bellevue avenue, about a square north of Tem- ple street. The seating capacity of the main room is about 250 probably, and of the infant- class room about fifty. The building was com- pleted in March, 1889. A lot for a church was originally deeded to the First Presbyterian Church by Hall & Stilson, but after the death of the latter Mrs. Stilson substituted the lot now occupied, which is more valuable. Boyle Heights Presbyterian Church was organized May 3, 1885, in Kintz Hall, with eighteen members, by Rev. W. S. Young, who has been the pastor since he was installed Sep- tember 20, 1886. The membership now num- bers 134. Ruling Elders: J. G. Bell, John Cowan, Prof. J. M. Coyner, Robert Hall, Jr., Dr. L. R. Patty and P. A. Mulford; Deacons, C. M. Richardson, L. C. Wester velt and L. R. Patty; Superintendent of the Sunday-school, A. K. Miller; Assistant Superintendent, P. A. Mulford. The church edifice was built during July and August, 1885, and used the first Sun- day of the next month. Cost, $3,500, exclusive of the lots, which were a donation; size of main room, 26 x 40 feet; lecture-room, 26 x 20, with session-room, 10 X 12; primary-class room, 15x16; organ loft, 8 x 11. The church is lo- cated on Chicago avenue, near First street. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. J^irst United Preshyterian Church was or- ganized April 26, 1883, with fifteen members; now there are about seventy. The Elders are Dr. W. C. Parker and S. E. Manning. At first the meetings were held in the Chinese Mission building on Wilmington street, where the or- ganization was effected under the auspices of the San Francisco Presbytery. Next their place of meeting was in the Nadeau Block, until the present neat church, on the northeast corner of Eighth and Hill streets, was erected, costing a little ever $4,000, not counting the lot. The magnificent parsonage, on a lot adjoining, was erected under the supervision of the present pastor. Rev. Henry W. Crabbe, at a cost of $3,100. The ministers were " supplies " at first, — Revs. McKee and J. C. Nevin (and possibly others) ; and the regular pastors have been Revs. W. J. Golden(?), J. M. Hervey from July 7, 1884. to the fall of 1887, since which time Rev. Mr. Crabbe has been in charge. A church of this denomination also exists at Pasadena, where Rev. Thomas Kelso is pastor. It was established in 1888, and the place of meeting is the hall of the Young Men's Chris- tian Association. CONGREGATIONAL. First Congregational Church. — In April, 1865, Rev. J. H. Warren, D. D.. from the American Home Missionary Society, visited Los Angeles, at which time there was not in this city a Protestant minister, Sunday-school, nor even a house of worship. There had been min- isters of all denominations here excepting Con- gregationalists, but all had gone away. On July 7, 1866, Rev. Alexander Parkercomnienced laboring in Los Angeles at the instance of the American Home Missionary Society, and held services at the court-house. In May, 1867, a lot for the church was bought, and on the 21st of July, 1867, the church was organized with six members. Rev. J. A. Johnson, of Santa Barbara, and Rev. B. F. Crosby, of San Bernar- dino, assisted in the organization. The church edifice was erected on New Hisrh street, atid dedicated in the year 1867. Rev. Alexander Parker, however, resigned and left in August, 1868, and that organization ceased to exist. At the instance of Rev. Mr. Warren, Superintend- ent of American Home Missionary Society for the State of California, a meeting was held at the residence of Rev. Isaac W. Atherton, No- vember 28, 1868, at which tliere were present eight persons, all of whom concurred in the de- sire to re-organize as a Congregational church, adopting as a basis the articles of faith and cov- enants of the First Congregational Church of Oakland, California. On Sunday, November 29, 1868, service was held in the church on New High street, the sermon was preached by Rev. Ur. Warren, and after the sermon. Rev. Dr. Warren was chosen moderator and Rev. I. W. Atherton, clerk. The articles of faith and covenants were adopted and the following persons then entered into covenant with God and each other as the First Congre- gational Church of Los Angeles: Isaac W. and Adelia H. Atherton, H. K. W. Bent, Arthur Lee Thompson, J. H. and Amanda Post, John C. Brown, Edwin D. Sweetser, Esther Allen and Harriet B. Fuller. Mr. Post was elected and ordained deacon. Articles of incorporation were adopted September 18, 1878. The present num- ber of members is 420, and the officers are: Deacons, H. W. Mills, W. H. Griffin, N. S. Averill, A. B. Clapp, H. E. Storrs and Dr. B. Todd; Clerk and Financial Secretary, W. R. Blackman; Treasurer, J. R. Brown; Superin- tendent of the Sunday-school, Don A. Judd. The pastors have been: Revs. Isaac W. Ather- ton, 1868-'71; J. T. Wills, 1871-'73; D. T. Packard, 1873-'78; C. J. Hutchins, 1879-'82; A. J. Wells, 1882-'87; Robert G. Hutchins, 1888 to the present. The first house of worship, at the corner of Hill and Third streets, was erected in 1882-83, at a cost, including lot, of $22,273, and dedi- cated May 3, of the latter year. In November following a very fine pipe organ was placed therein, costing $2,500. In May, 1888, this church building was sold to the Central Baptist HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNT i'. Church, and a lot purchased on the southwest corner of Hill and Sixth streets, whereon a line modern structure, capable of seating 1,200 to 1,500, was erected this year (1889), at a cost, with furnishings and lot, of about $72,000. It is seated with assembly or opera-house chairs, and appro])riately linisiied and urnamented throughout. The Second or Park Congregational Church was organized June 8, 1884, as a mission Sundaj'- school, by liev. Mr. Ijillings, who also organized the church proper there the following October. A number of ministers have since been in charge of the church. Kev. E. R. Brainerd, the first permanent pastor, has been in charge now for nearly three years. He has been very success- ful. The membership has grown from about twenty in number to 135, and the Sunday-school, of which Mr. Brainerd is also superintendent, lias a membership of about 150. This is the pioneer church in that hill district. The Dea- cons are: James Gillespie and George F. Hill; Clerk, J. Mills Davies. Tiie congregation was organized in a tent on Beaudry avenue, near Temple street. In 1886 a building costing $700 was erected on a lot in " Park Circle," near Temple street. In 1888 this was sold, and the present building — which is only a wing to the main church yet to be erected — was occupied. It is situated on a lot 78x175 feet in dimensions, at the corner of Metcalf and Temple streets. A parsonage is in the rear; these two buildings cost about $3,500. The seating capacity of this temporary church is about 250. The cost of the main building will probably be about $10,000. It will be a handsome structure. The success and present prosperity of this church is due largely to the talent of the pastor. The Third Congregational Church was or- ganized in 1884, after religious services had been held in that neighborhood for several months. Rev. W. H. Ramsay, the organizer, remained as pastor for a few months, and has since been succeeded by Revs. E. B. Hooker, George Hemas, O. C. Weller, J. H. Phillips, W. PI. Hanscom, E. S. Williams, George A. Rawson and J. H. Collins, the present incum- bent, since June 15, 1889. The membership has increased from sixteen to thirty. Deacons, O. B. Hall and G. T. Hanly. The house of worship was erected in the autumn of 1883, on the corner of Railroad and North Main streets, at a cost of about $3,500; ground and building are now valued at $5,000. Seating capacity, 350. East Los Angeles Congregational Church was organized March 20, 1887, by Rev. J. H. Phillips, the present enterprising pastor. The membership has increased from thirty-two to about 200. Deacons: W. A. Kennedy, F. P. Howe, Joab E. Cushman and Peter Warner. The Sunday-school, numbering about 260 pupils, is superintended by I). Gilbert Dexter. The " Phillips Club " numbers ninety young men, whose headquarters are in the gymnasium and reading-room which the pastor has had added to the church building, at a cost of $2,100. The " Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor'' has sixty to eighty members. This is said to be the most flourishing church in that beautiful suburb. The church edifice, 51x114 feet, is located on North Daly street. Cost, about $10,- 000. Dedicated March 11, 1888. The society is out of debt. Rev. Mr. Phillips is a native of Ohio, was formerly an attorney at law in Colo- rado, and was for three or four years pastor of the church at Leadville, that State. His resi- dence is in a cosy nook in the hills, 123 Prim- rose avenue. The VernoJi Congregational Chiirch, south of the city, with a membership of about eighty, has a church building, which with lot cost prob- ably about $4,000. The society there was first started as a mission Sunday-school l)y G. T. Hanly, and it is still aided to some extent by the Home Mission Society. Rev. George A. Rawson is the pastor. The West End Congregational Church is a small society west of the city. BAl'TIST. Thisdenomination was represented in Los An- geles County as early as 1853, the first services HISTORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. being held at El Monte by Rev. Free- The First Baptist Church was organized in Los Angeles September 6, 1874 under the min- istration of Rev. Dr. Wm. Hobbs. Tlie first members were: Dr. and Mrs. Hobbs, Mr. and Mrs. Isaac N. Cooper, Mr. and Mrs. T. D. Han- cock, Mr. and Mrs. B. F. Shirley, J. W. Pater- son, J. T. Gower and Annie E. Rose. The pastors who have been in charge are: Revs. Dr. William Hobbs, Wintield Scott, H. I. Parker, P. W. Dorsey, 1881-'87 (vacancy here for fifteen months), and Rev. Daniel Read, LL. D., since December 1, 1888. There are now 320 members; a goodly number have been recently dismissed to form the new society at Parker Chapel. The present officers are: Clerk, Prof. Melville Dozier; Treasurer, Richard Green; Deacons, James Chapin, A. C. Potter, W. G. Shaw, Melville Dozier, A. H. Hovey, C. O. Adams and L. Lumbard; Superintendent of the Sunday-school, Y. J. Cressey. In Los Angeles, Baptist services were first held in a small building on Spring street, near Fifth, belonging to Dr. Zahn; next in Good- Templars' Hall on Main street; and now the FirstChurch meets in a fine edifice of their own, about 70 X 100 feet, costing $25,000, and located on the northeast corner of Sixth and Fort streets. ■ The Central Baptist Church was established in 1885, with eighteen members. Rev. J. B. Tombs, D. D., was the minister for a short time that year, and since September, 1886, Rev. W. H. Pendleton, from San Francisco, has been the pastor. There are now 340 in membership. Elders: Revs. Lyman Whitney, Jesse Shaw, John Austermell, Lillard and E. C. Hamil- ton; Deacons, John Walker, A. G. Phelps, A. M. Palmer, W. B. Martin and H. C. Tiiomas; Charles H. Barker, superintendent of the Sun- day-school. This society worshiped in a hall until they bought the First Congregational Church property on the corner of Third and Hill streets, in December, 1888. Tlie building will seat abont 800 or 900. The lot is 115 x 120 feet. Memorial Baptist Church. — A Sunday- school was established in 1886 at "Parker Chapel," which rapidly grew into a church of about fifty members, organized last January (1889), and whicii now is still stronger. Their house of worship, probably about 40x70 feet in dimensions, was built as a mission chapel by the First Baptist Church in 1887, on York street near Grand avenue. Rev. A. W. Rider is the pastor. The East Los Angeles Baptist Church was organized in the fall of 1885, by Rev. C. W. Gregory, who is now a general missionary in the southern counties of this State. The con- gregation at first held their services in Bridges' Hall on Downey avenue, and in 1886-'87 they built a neat church, which will seat about 450, on the southeast corner of Hawkins and Work- man streets, and which was dedicated May 1, 1887. A neat parsonage is on an adjoining lot. Tiiere are now 120 members in the society. Rev. W. W. Tinker, from Bhiffton, Lidiana, and formerly of Louisiana, his native State, has been the pastor since December, 1887. Mr. Gregory was the preceding pa.^tor. The Swedish Baptist Church was organized May 13, 1887, with thirty members, by Rev. P. Andersen, who was the pastor for a year, followed by Rev. A. Olson since the beginning of 1888. There are now seventy-three mem- bers. Elders, R. Stone and P. Lindquist; Deacon, A. F. Wernlund. The pastor is also superintendent of the Sunday-school. The con- gregation worships in the First Baptist Church and in the basement of the Harvard School Building. A Second Baptist Church (colored) exists in the southern part of East Los Angeles, with Rev. C. H. Anderson as pastor. LUTHERAN. Trinity Church, First German Lutheran, was established in 1882, when Rev. Wyneken was the minister in charge; since March, 1883, Rev. George Runkel has been the pastor. The congregation has increased from about eight lUSTOHY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. families to 240 soiils", including children; tliere are 180 communicants. The Elders are Messrs. Hickman, Ilommel and Boettger. The pastor is superintendent of the Sunday-school. Emil Schaefer is the teaclier of the parish school during the week, wliere tiiere are tiiirty to fifty pupils. A liouse of worsliip, about 35x70 feet, on Fort street between Sixth and Seventh, was completed in November, 1883, but in 1888 it was sold, preparatory to building a new edi- fice on the northwest corner of Eighth and Flower streets, adjoining which lot are the school building and a magnificent parsonage, costing $3,000. Tlie school-house, which also cost $3,000, is now temporarily used for public worship. The First English Luthenin CJiurch, was first organized as a mission in January, 1887, being supported by the Woman's Board of the General Synod. The congregation is now half self-sustaining, and soon will be fully so. The membership has increased from twenty-three to about 125. Kev. C. W. Ileisler, A. M., of Pennsylvania, the organizer of this congrega- tion, is still the pastor. William Ronnel super- intends the Sunday-school, whicii averages about 120 pupils. The Elders of the church are S. A. Crnmrine, S. Lipp and Joseph Kin- singer; and the Deacons, H. A. Getts, John iJundore, H. W. Stewart and C. W. Burrell. The liouse of worship, a new and beautifully designed structure, is located on the southeast corner of Eighth and Flower streets. Cost of building and lot, $26,000. Adjoining the lot on the east is a neat parsonage, of an architect- ural appearance similar to that of the church, designed by E. A. Coxhead, an architect of East Los Angeles. There is also a Swedish Lutheran Church in Los Angeles. ITHEE CHURCHES. Christian Church. — Religious services of this denomination were first held in October, 1874, and continued at intervals until Febru- ary, 1875, when a church was organized by Elder G. 11. Hand, and the following Elders elected: B. F. Coulter, W. J. A. Smith, G. W. Linton, and T. O. Morgan. These gentle- men jointly ministered until August, 1875, when W. J. A. Smith was appointed presiding elder, and ofiiciated until December 1, 1876, since which time services have been conducted by Elders B. F. Coulter, John C. Hay, W. J. A. Smith and others, who have acted jointly. When first organized the church had twenty- seven members; the present membership is between 500 and 600, including two missions, one in East Los Angeles and one at the corner of Grand avenue and Morris s reet. Revs. Kirkham and T. B. Garvin have been preachers here, and Rev. James B. Jones has been in charge here since January, 1888. At that date he came from Columbia, Missouri. The present Elders are B. F. Coulter and W. J. A. Smith; and Deacons, R. S. Moore, M. San- ders, John Scheerer, F. M. Coulter, R. M. Parcells, Charles Allin, William Mann and W. H. Wagner. At Grand avenue the Elder is Charles Worth, and Deacon, W. II. Harper; and at the other mission the preacher is B. F. Coulter, and Deacons, David R. Groves ana Martin Hastings. The house of worship is located on Temple street, near Fort street. Church of the Unity (Unitarian) was organ- ized January 1, 1885, by Rev. Eli Fay, D. D., Pii. D., who has ever since been the minister. The first meetings of Unitarians in Los An- geles were held at the residence of T. E. Sev- erance in March, 1877. In May of the same year the church perfected its organization. The first services were conducted by Rev. John D. Wells, who was afterward pastor. The follow- ing-named persons were the first members: T. C. Severance, M. S. Severance, J. S. Severance, Mrs. C. M. Severance, Colonel and Mrs. B. C. Whiting, Mr. and Mrs. G. A. Dobinson, Dr. and Mrs. A. S. Shorb, Dr. and Mrs. W. W. Ross, Mrs. C. F. Holmes, Mr. and Mrs. A. H. Judson, Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Gibson, Mrs. J. J. Melius, Miss Susan. A. Bartlett, Miss H. A. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Stevens, and Messrs. C. J. Ellis, S. B. Caswell, W. A. Spauldiiig, William Niles, W. F. Mar- shall, F. W. Wood, and Bryant Howard. The number of members has increased from twenty- five in 1885 to 160. They held their services, after organizing, in the Opera House and in Armory Hall until they occupied their new church edifice, dedicated June 16, 1889. The building is 45x100 feet in general area, located on Seventh street, between Fort and Hill streets, and cost, with lot, between $25,000 and $30,- 000, mostly a donation from Dr. Fay. Of the board of trustees, Thomas Barnard is Chairman and Heiman, Secretary. Tiiey have a Sun- day-school of about 100 pupils. Dr. Fay, a native of New York State, has been preaching in Sheffield, England, for the eight or ten years previous to his coming to Los Angeles. German Evangelical Friedenskirclie was or- ganized early in tlie summer of 1887, by Rev. P. Branke, now in Illinois, who served as pastor about a year. Since P'ebruary, 1889, Rev. J. A. Schilling, from Pomona, has been in charge. About fifty families belong to tliis congregation. The cluircli edifice is a neat new frame structure on Earl street, near Seventh, 40x60 feet, erected in the summer of 1887. An addition to the rear of the church is temporarily occupied as a parsonage. Seventh-Day Adventist Church has about eighty members. The leader is Eider G. K. Owen, since November, 1887; Lay Eiders: William Yarnell, E. L. Caukins and S. K. Gib- son. Mr. Caukins is also superintendent of the Sabbath-school, which now has eighty-seven members. Of this denomination there are also churches at Pasadena, Norwalk and Santa Ana. Reorganized Church of Latter-Day Saints in Los Angeles was organized in the autumn of 1882, with about a dozen members; there are now about eighty. The presiding priest ever since organization has been F. P. Snell. J. Morris is teacher of this branch. The presiding otiicers have lieen J. R. Badham, until his death in January, 1889, and ex-Judge A. S. Sparks, the present incumbent. Superintendent of the Sunday-school, Mrs. Wyman. This people now worship in a iiall at 24 South Spring street. They claim to be organized according to the ancient pattern; believe in the Book of Mormon as the "stick" prophesied of in Ezekiel xxxvii., and "book" in Isaiah xxix., and have no connec- tion or sympathy with the " latter-day apostasy " at Salt Lake City. Congregation B^7iai B'rith. — This congrega- tion was organized in 1862, under the pastorate of Rabbi A. W. Edelman. The "reformed" service was introduced in 1886, and Rabbi E.E. Schreiber served as lecturer until October, 1888, and since April 1, 1889, Dr. A. Blum has been the rabbi. The congregation has a very large membership, with many recent accessions. At the Sunday-school there is also a large attend- ance. Connected with the congregation are two eflicient benevolent societies, a gentlemen's and a ladies', besides a ladies' society which assists in furnishing and beautifying the synagogue. President of the first mentioned, E. Lasard; of the second, Mrs. S. Hellmann; and of the third, Mrs. I. W. Hellmann. President of the Congre- gation, S. Hellmann; Vice-President, M. Levy; Secretary, B. Sanders; Treasurer, I. Harris. The synagogue was built in 1873, and dedi- cated August 8, that year, and is located on Fort street, between Second and Third. It is a fine brick structure, but tlie trustees contem- plate the early erection of a new synagogue on ground which they have already secured, at the corner of Ninth and Hope streets. Dr. Blum has been for fifteen years the rabbi for the congregation at Galveston, Texas, the first in that State. Dr. E. Schreiber, who was rabbi of this con- gregation from September, 1885, to February, 1889, and is now holding a -similar position at Little Rock, Arkansas, is an eminent scholar and author. Born in Austria in 1853, he was educated at several of the highest institutions of learning among his people in that country, and also received many superior testimonials HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. from eminent rabbis in Europe. After teach- ing in several places in the old country, in 1881 he answered a call to come to Mobile, Alabama; in 1883, to Denver, Colorado; and in 1885 to Los Angeles. Here lie introduced reform into the Hebrew service; taught Latin, Greek and German in Los Angele.s College; aided in or- ganizing the "Associated Charities of Los An- geles;" contributed to the press, and read lectures before the Historical Society, Theo- sophical Society and Secular Union, etc., leaving prominent marks of good work in many chan- nels of philanthroj)ic endeavor. SOCIETIES. The list of secret societies in Los Angeles is as follows, the Masonic order having the lai'gest number of lodges: Maso7iic. — Coeur de Leon Commandery, No. 9, K. T.; Los Angeles Council, No. 11, R. & S. M.; Signet Chapter, No. 57, R. A. M.; Los Angeles Lodge, No. 42, F. & A. M.; Pentalpha Lodge, No. 202, F. & A. M.; Southern Califor- nia Lodge, No. 278, F. & A. M.; Sunset Lodge, No. 281, F. & A. M.; Acacia Chapter, No. 21, O. E. S. ; King Solomon Lodge of Perfection, No. 4, A. & A. S. Rite; Robert Bruce Chapter, Rose Croix, No. 6, A. & A. S. Rite; Huguesde Payens Council Knights Kadosh, No. 3, A. & A. S. Rite. The Masonic Board of Relief dis- penses large siims of money in charity. The membership is very large, and an assessment is levied on each member for the relief of dis- tressed brethren and their families. Odd Fellows.— iioXdew Rule Lodge, No. 160; Los Angeles Lodge, No. 35; Good Will Lodge, No. 323; East Side Lodge, No. 325; Orange Grove Encampment, No. 31; Canton Orion, No. 12, Patriarchs Militant; Arbor Vit?e Rebekah Degree Lodge, No. 83; Eureka Rebekah De- gree Lodge; South Star Degree Lodge. Knights of Pythias. — Meet at Pythian Cas- tle. Olive Lodge, No. 26; Tri-Color, No. 96; La Fratertiite, No. 79; Gauntlet, No. 129; Sam- son, No. 148; Magnolia Division, No. 21, U. R.; Los Angeles Division, No. 25, U. R.; Castle Guard Division, No. 12, U. R. A. 0. U. ir.— Los Angeles Lodge, No. 55; Southern California Lodge, No. 191; East Los Angeles Lodge, No. 230; Fellowship Lodge, No. 294; Select Knights, California Legion, No. 1; Los Angeles Legion, No. 6; Pacific Legion, No. 16; Germania Lodge, No. 260; St. Elmo Lodge. Independent Order of Red Men. — Massasoit Tribe, No. 59. American Legion of Honor. — Good Will Council, No. 629; Safety Council, No. 664. G. A. R. — Frank Bartlett Post, No. 6; Stan- ton Post, No. 55; Gelcich Post, No. 106; John A. Logan Post, No. 139. Sons of Veterans. — Nathaniel Lyon Camp, No. 1; John C. Fremont Camp, No. 14. 0. U. A. II. —Los Angeles Council; Israel Putnam Degree Council; Daughters of Lib- erty; Martha Washington Council. Knights of Honor. — Los Angeles Lodge, No. 2,925. Native Sons of the Golden ^Yest.— \uO& An- geles Parlor, No. 45; Ramona Parlor, No. 109. Native Daughters of the Golden VTest. — La Esperanza, No. 24. Independent Order B^nai B^rith. — Seini- Tropical Council, No. 341; Orange, No. 224. Ancient Order of Hibernians. United Friends of the Pacific. — Orange Council, No. 26. Order of Chosen Friends. — Guardian Coun- cil, No. 90. Order of the Golden Cross. THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA has its headquarters in Los Angeles, and has been in existence six years. Though its mem- bership has been comparatively small, meetings have been held regularly each month, except during the usual summer vacation. A large amount of historical matter has been collected, such as books, pamphlets, newspapers, relics and curios. A number of historic and scientific articles have been written by its members and HISTORY OF LOS ANOEl ES COUNTY. otliers, wbicli liave mostly l)eeii printed in four anmial piililicatiuiis in tiie form nf neat i)ain- ].lilets. Its constitntion (Icclares: " Tlie objects of tiiis society shall be the col lection and ]ireservatioii of all material which can have any bearing on the history of the Pacific Coast in general and of Southern Cali- fornia in particnlar; the discussion of historical, literary or scientific subjects; and the reading of papers thereon; and the trial of such scientific experiments as shall be determined by the so- ciety." Noah Levering, Esq., is the justly accredited father of the society. In the fall of 1883 he can- vassed among his friends, and obtained a list of persons who agreed to become members. At the first meeting in the Normal School building in Los Angeles, there were only five persons pres- ent: Judge N. Levering, Colonel J. J. Warner, John B. Niles, General John Mansfield and 11. N. Rnst, Esq., of Pasadena. After discussing their plans fully, they determined to adjoxirn for one week, and in the meantime urge tije attendance of all whom they could. Their sue cess was flattering. In accordance with notices published in the newspapers, requesting those to meet in the city court-room, now the breakfast- room of the Nadeau House, there assembled ("olonel J. J. Warner, II. D. Barrows, General John Mans- field, Major C. N. Wilson, ex-Governoi- John G. Downey, Professor J. M. Guinn, George Hansen, Professor Ira More, J. B. Niles, Judge A. Kohler, Don Antonio F. Coronel, A. J. Brad- field, Judge N. Levering, Major E. W. Jones and Professor Marcus Baker. Colonel Warner was chosen president, and Major Wilson, secre- tary. At subsequent meetings a constitution was adopted modeled after that of the Philo- sophical Society of Washington. This consti- tution provided, among other things, that all business should be transacted by a general com- mittee consisting of a limited number of the members. This feature with several others proved unsatisfactory in the latitude of Los An- geles, and accuidingly were omitted in March, 1887, when the constitntion was revised, and the workings of the society were very much simplified. By a vote, on December 22, 1883, the following twenty-two persons were declared to be the founders of the society: Marcus Baker,* E. Baxter, A. J. Bradfield,* A. F. Coronel, J. G. Downey, G. B. Griflin, J. M. Guinn, George Hansen, V. E. Howard, •]• E. W. Jones, Isaac Kinley, A. Kohler,-|- N. Levering, John Mansfield, Ira More, J. B. Niles, J. W. Redway,* H. N. Bust, J. Q. A. Stanley ,f J. J. Warner,:]; J. P. Widney and C. N. Wilson. In 1886 the society moved its place of meet- ing to the council chamber in the old City Hall on Second street, in which place it has ever since met. The ex-presidents and their years of service are as follows: J. J. Warner, 1888-'84:; John Mansfield, 1885; Isaac Kinley, 1886; Ira More, 1887; Henry D. Barrows, 1888. The ofiicersfor 1889 are: Edward W. Jones, President; C. N. AVilson, First Vice-President; Edwin Baxter, Second Vice-President; B. A. Stephens, Secre- tary; J. M. Guinn, Treasurer, and Ira More, Curator. Among others things which the society has done, has been the celebration of the anniver- sary of Washington's birthday in 1885, and it has given formal receptions to Professors Asa Gray and W. G. Harlow, of Harvard (March 16, 1885), and celebrated the centennial of Wash- in<);ton's inauguration. The society has been cheered in its prospects by Don Antonio F. Coronel's generous lie(jnest in his will of $100,- 000. ■rUE ILLINOIS ASSOCIATION, was organized in October, 1885, by Fred. L. AUer, Hon. George W. Knox, Dr. W. G. Coch- ran and others. It was originally composed of former residents of Illinois, but after a time its entertainments became so j)opular that the doors were thrown open to others. The membership numbers several hundred. The organization was incorporated in the spring of 1889. Their weekly entertainmenis comprise musical and literary HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY exercises, but diii'ing the suinmei' meetings are suspended. Present officers: Kalpli E. Hoyt, President; W. A. Bryan, First Vice-President; C. L. De Lano, Second Vice-President; Henry Harrison, Secretary; Frank L. (xrosveiior. Treas- urer. There is also a tlourisiiing Iowa Association, of which Hon. A. ,] . Doiinen is president. THE GRAXI WAY CONDUt a benevolent protective association with in- surance, was organized in Los Angeles, Novem- ber 13; 1888, with 104 charter members, consisting of. railway -conductors running on the various lines centering in Los Angeles; but its geographical scope is the whole of North America. Its chief mission is the use of all lion- orable means in its power to prevent the hiring, by railway companies, of men for brakesmen who lack the necessary qualiiications to make respectable, competent and intelligent con- ductors. None but conductors who have served three years as such are eligible to membership. Already auxiliary associations are organized in many other railroad centers of the Union, as Oakland, California; Portland, Oregon; Ogden, Utah; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Ashland, Wis- consin; Chicago, Illinois; Dubuque, Iowa; Louis- ville, Kentucky; San Antonio and Denison, Texas; Indianapolis, Indiana; Pasco, Washing- ton Territorj'; Fort Scott, Kansas; Tucson, Arizona; La Crosse, AVisconsin; De Soto, Mis- souri; Bay City, Michigan, etc. The total mem- bership is already 2,700. The home office is 150 South Main street, Los Angeles, and the present officers are: Grand Chief Conductor, George W. Howard, of Evansville, Indiana, who is master of transportation of the Evans- ville & Terre Haute Railway, and has held every position in the railway service from freight brakeman to the one he now occupies; Grand Senior Conductor, W. J. Bigelow; Grand Junior Conductor, J. G. Ward; Grand Secre- tary and Treasurer, D. J. Carr, of Los Angeles, who has been sixteen j-ears in the railway ser- vice, commencing in 1868 as a freight brakemau with the Baltimore & Ohio Company and ter- minating as a ]iassenger conductor on the St. Louis & Iron Mountain Railroad, the Central Pacific, the Northern Pacific and Southern Pa- cific; Grand Inside Sentinel, S. Elliott; Grand Outside Sentinel, J. E. Hartell; Rev. William M. Usher, of Santa Ana, is Chaplain. W. H. Sheesby, of Los Angeles, altliough not an officer of the organization, is one of its promoters and one of its most active working members. The first grand annual convention was held Septem- ber 16 last, in Los Angeles. TOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. This organization has long been doing a practical work among the young men of the city, and its membership and influence have steadily increased. It now has over 400 mem- bers, including many prominent business men of the community. During the past year a new building was erected by the so?iety which is at once a credit to the organization and an ornainent to tlie city. It is locate. Winston, E.Taylor, T. 8ignoret (J. Weixel, N. A. Potter, A. Poulain). 1864. J. lluher, P. iSicliel, J. Mascarel, A. F. (-uronei, M. Jveqiiena, V. Hoover, W. Wood- worth (J. Turner, E. Taylor, J. B. AVinston, T. Sigiioret). 1865. H. Taft, J. GuUer, J. Chaves, W. S. Van Dusen, J. Jones, C. Vejar, W. H. Perry (W. Woodworth, J. Huber, M. Requena, J. Mascarel, P. Sichel, V. Hoover, A. F. Cor- onel). 1866. E. Workman, L. Roeder, J. Schu- macher, M. Morrison. J. King, A. F. Coronel, M. Morris (W. H. Perry, W. S. Van Dusen, J. Jones, J. (,:haves, J. C. Vejar, H. Taft, J. Golier). 1867. M. Morris, M. Requena, A. F. Coro- nel, J. C. Vejar, A. A. Eoyle, J. Wolfskill, V. Hoover (J. Kin^, J. Schumacher, L. Roeder, M. Morrison, J. Mascarel). 1868. J. King, J. R. Toberman, J. Metzker, M. Kremer, A. J. King, T. Geary, W. H. Perry, H. Wartenberg, J. Golier, F. Sabichi (J. Schii- macher, L. Roeder, J. Mascarel, M. Morrison, A. A. Boyle, G. Dalton, L. Botiller). 1869. L. Roeder, O. W. Childs, J. King, H. Wartenberg, M. Keller, D. Botiller, M. Morris, W. H. Perry, J. Mascarel, J. Metzker. 1870. J. Mascarel, E. H. Workman, S. B. Caswell, M. Morris, J. Metzker, J. King, D. Botiller, L. Roeder, O. W. Childs, A. A. Boyle (H. Wartenberg, J. R. Toberman, L. B. Marti- nez, J. C. Vejar). 1871. J. Chaves, J. Jones. B. Dulourdiux, G. Fall, W. Ferguson, M.Teed, H. Dockweiler, F. Sabichi, J. Osborn, W. Hammel. 1872. F. P. Campbell, Obed Macy, J. Val- dez, P. Beaudry, E. H. Workman, H. K. S. O'Melveny, Dennison, M. Teed,F. Sabichi, W. Ferguson. 1873. J. Valdez, J. Mullally, E. E. Long, P. Beaudry, M. Teed. W. Osborn, W. H. Work- man, F. Sabichi, E. F. de Cells, H. Dockweiler. 1874. J. Chaves, J. Gerkins, J. Mascarel, F. Sabichi. C. E. Huber, P. Beaudry, W. H. Workmati, E. F. AN U ELKS CUUNTY. mfmfmmimm^mi^^ h.^^, $ PASADEM, AND THE STORY OF RANCHO SAN PASCUAL, i CHAPTER XIX. I5V MRS. jf;anne c. carr. " Happy," I said, " whose home is liere ! Fair fortunes to the moiintaineer ! Boon nature to his poorest shed Has royal pleasure grounds outspread ! " —R. W. Emenon. SOR all that makes Southern California pre- eminent for salubrity, picturesque beauty and productiveness, she is in debt to the sea and to her mountains. And among the many snow-born rivers whose sources lie far back in the forested summits, the Arroya Seco is the most enchanting to lovers of wild nature. The ascent from Pasadena to Mounts Wilson and Disappointment Peak, by either fork of this marvelous stream, is literally by water, so frequent are the cascades, so numerous the crossings where one is tempted to linger under the canopies of oak and sycamore, or to lose himself in the fragrant chapparal, that richest many-colored robe woven only for the mountains of the Pacific Coast. The Arroyo Seco anciently flowed through a richly wooded and populous region before en- tering the Los Angeles River; and several large Indian rancheros formerly occupied the lands now covered by Pasadena, Garranza and Lincoln Park. Evidence of this abounds in the fre- quency with which stone mortars and other implements of Indian life are met with, wher- ever the virgin soil is opened for cultivation. The first visit of white men to this territory occurred on the 17th of January, A. D. 1770, when Governor Gaspar de Portoloa, returnino- southward with the first land expedition sent out from Loreto in search of Monterey, having missed the trail along the coast, entered the San Fernando Valley through the Simi Pass; and moving on, having crossed the Verdugo Hills, mistook the Arroyo Seco, then a full stream, swollen by winter rains, for the Porci- linculla, or Los Angeles River. The hungry and travel-worn soldiers found the hospitable natives ready to share their simple stores of dried meat and acorns; and the Capitan, filling his long-stemmed pipe with leaves of the wild tobacco, presented it to the Spanish ofiicer, whose supply of the foreign weed had been long exhausted. Thus the consoling " Pespihuta," the Indian name of this plant, became the foundation of a lively traffic between the abo- rigines and Spaniards, who paid for it in trinkets and beads. Ere long a well-broken trail through the ter- ritory connected the parent missions of San Diego and Monterey, and was known as Cam- ino del Rey, over which all the dispatches were sent northward from Mexico and Guatemala. According to the earlier records, this Indian Capitan was baptized at Old Mission San Ga- briel by the name of Pascual. It is uncertain whether this circumstance gave the locality its name, or the subsequent grant through the in- fluence of Father Sanchez, of the San Gabriel Mission, of three anil a half leagues of its lands HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. to Eulalia Perez, in consideration of her serv- ices as nurse and midwife; and also in teaching the Indians the arts of civilized life, an event which occurred on the day of San Pascual. The Indian name of the region was Acur- angna, signifying "where streams meet." After the removal of Mission San Gabriel to its present site, the San Pascual Indians were employed as herders; the "bell mare," fleetest and most beautiful of the padres stock, ranged in the glades and led the band of wild horses to crop the grasses of the Altadena uplands. La Sabanellas de San Pascual was the name given by Spanish sailors to the vast iields of poppies seen far out at sea, the same glo- rious "altar cloth," or bridal veil, which adorns the foothills of North Pasadena with the re- turn of every spring. It was the wooded slopes of the Arroyo Seco which furnished timber for the dwellings of the "City of Our Lady, the Queen of the Angels," and there also the bears were lassoed for the rude sports which entertained her people in primitive times. The removal of the San Ga- briel Mission to its present site greatly affected the destiny of the San Pascual Indians. California, one of their number, was held in great esteem by the padres and the intend- ants of the Mission. During the intendency of Juan Bandini he was major domo, and he gave Mr. Coronel many interesting reminiscences of primitive conditions; of the discovery of silver in the San Gabriel Mountains, and penances imposed upon the discoverers. He died about 1840 more than a century old; and with his dark-skinned fellow laborers had built all the houses in the country and planted all its fields and vineyards. In the report of B. D. Wilson to the United States Government in 1852 he said: "Under the missions the wild Indians had become masons, carpenters, plaster- ers, soap-makers, tanners, shoemakers, black- smiths, carters and cart-makers, weavers and spinners, saddlers, shepherds, vignerons and vaqueros; in a word, they filled all the occupa- tions known to civilized society; all of which marvelous changes had fallen under the eyes of old California. A "Mexican grant" carried witli it the obli- gation to occupy and improve the sane, and as Eulalia Perez, devoted to her beneficent labors, failed to comply with this requirement, it came to pass that Manual Garfias, a gay and popular soldier, received from his friend Gm-errior Micheltorena, the title to the liancho San Pas- cual. A house of considerable pretension for the time, delightfully placed among the spread- ing oaks on the banks of the Arroyo Seco, was the scene of much rural hospitality during several years, when the Garfias family suddenly abandoned it for a home in Mexico. Thence- forth it swiftly lapsed to ruin, and Nature had effaced nearly every trace of human occupancy when the California colony, of Indiana, in Au- gust, 1873, sent out from Indianapolis a com- mittee to select the most favorable spot for a settlement, and for the culture of oranges and other fruit. After a careful survey of many charming locations in Los Angeles, San Diego and San Bernardino counties, the association purchased the interest of Dr. J. S. Griffin, consisting of about 4,000 acres of the rancho San Pascual. One of the incorporators, B. S. Eaton, was already residing in the neighborhood, and ren- dered invaluable services to the new-comers, especially in the management and supervision of the water-works, by which an ample supply of pure mountain water was secured to every homestead. To Dr. Elliott the colony is indebted for its pleasing name, Pasadena — an Algonquin word, signifying the Crown of the Valley. Thomas Croft, at a critical moment in the negotiations for the purchase, laid down the re- quired amoutit, and was for a brief period sole owner of this fair domain. John II. Baker and D. M. Berry, "the Caleb and Joshua" of the California Colony of Indi- ana, were present on the bright winter morning of January 27, 1874, when the twenty-seven incorporators met for the selection of the indi- UmrURY OF LOS ANQELEU COUNTY. vidiial homesteads. Among them was Calvin Fletcher, a wealthy citizen of Indiana, who was one of the largest stockholders. Many were wealthy, others had brought their careful savings to secure a humble home and summer all the year round. Nearly all had a choice spot in view, and it was an anxious moment when, the lovely landscape at their feet, and the maps out- spread, the bidding was about to begin. Mr. Fletcher moved that the owners of a single share be first invited to make their selections. And such was the diversity of soil, location and topography, that each of the twenty-seven stock- holders secured his chosen homestead, without interfering with that of his neighbor. Two years latei- C. F. Clarkson, of Iowa, at the second anniversary dinner, paid a glowing tribute to the wisdom and foresight which had selected so rare a location, laid so broad a foun- dation of social prosperity, and predicted a future which the most sanguine of Pasadenians had not conceived of. They had not overestimated their obvious advantages. The elevation of nearly 1,000 feet above the city of Los Angeles, eight miles distant, was a sufficient guaranty of exemption from malaria; soil, drainage and the apparently inexhaustible water supplj' were most satisfactory. The Arroyo Seco flowed in perpetual benediction through wooded glens and sylvan openings, game and fish were abundant, the mountain barriers shut out the north winds; the blue Pacific, with Catalina Island in the dis- tance, enchanted the eye and tempered the mid- day heats. Los Angeles was ten miles distant, and three miles to the east was the Southern Pacific Railroad station of San Gabriel Mission. The great, busy commercial world was near, yet not too near for the purposes of an ideal life in nature's most delightful seclusion. The original purchase also included mountain lands upon the slopes of the Sierra Madre, Ar- royo lots tilled with valuable timber, a magnifi- cent grove of live oaks on the road to Los Angeles, covering 400 acres, making a natural park exactly suited for picnics, camp-meetings and holiday enjoyments of evory kind. But Pasadena was even more favored in the practical encouragement of the great ranches which surround it. Santa Anita and Sunny Slope, the estates of Messrs. Baldwin and Rose, had already become famous for the variety of their products. An orange grove of 16,000 bearing trees; the rosy snow of blossoming almonds; the rich verdure of alfalfa fields, in which fine cattle were feeding; the long avenues of eucalyptus trees, leading to stables where the perfect horse, from colthood to the fullest per- fection of equine power, were but a small part of the attraction of the Santa Anita Ranch. The superb orange orchards of the Duarte were near, and Riverside was making immense strides for pre-eminence in semi-tropic cultures. The first Pasadena marriage was that of Charles II. Watts to Millie, a daughter of Major Erie Locke, one of the pioneers. The bachelor quarters of Mr. Watts had served also as a place of worship for the Presbyterians, in 1874; the advent of Harvey Watts, the first man-child born in the colony, made it necessary to secure a more suitable place of worship, and the first church edifice was erected in 1875-'76, at a cost of $2,300. To this a parsonage was soon added, costing $1,800 more. The Woman's Flome and Foreign Missionary Society of Pasadena, or- ganized in this church, has been among the most useful institutions. The first Methodist society was organized in 1875, and their first chapel dedicated January 7, 1887. Both these denominations have long since outgrown their primitive temples; indeed the story of the development of schools and churches reads like a fable to those who have not watched its growth. While the eleven congregations of Pasadena are all provided with commodious places of worship, those of the Universalists, Presbyterians, Congregationalists and Method- ists would be objects of interest in any city of the East. With their neatly-kept lawns, occu- pying commanding sites, they seem to preserve the traditional consecration of the land, which was made at San (iabriel in the last century. HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. From the simple meetiiig-liouse of the Friends to the spacious Tabernacle, built as an annex to the Methodist Church, every denomination is sustained by large congregations, and the churches and church property represent an in- vestment of more than $400,000. The public schools are the pride of Pasadena. IJuginning in 1874, in a private house, with oidy two pupils, the San Pascual school soon increased to the capacity of a one-room school-house near a grand old oak which sheltered a lovely play- ground. In 1878, a large and well furnished school- house in a central location required three teach- ers for its crowded rooms; while yet another in South Pasadena was conveniently arranged for iifty-six pupils. Ten years later, it was shown by official reports that " Pasadena had the best ventilated, the best lighted, and handsomest school buildings of all towns of its size in the United States," with an enrollment of 1,354 pupils. The instructional force, besides the superintendent, includes four principals, three vice-principals and seventeen teachers. The school property, valued at |200,000, is the choicest in the city as to pleasantness of loca- tion; and in every case the lands have been do- nated for sites and ample play grounds From 1874 to 1889, a leading citizen, Hon. Sherman Washburn, has served upon the board of trus- tees; and while ready to adopt every modifica- tion demanded by tlie spirit of the age, the motto of the faithful guardians of the Pasadena schools has ever been, " Prove all things, hold fast tiiat which is good.'' An excellent private seminary for young la- dies, St. Margaret's Hall, is well patronized, and furnished with every facilit}' for the pursuit of mtisical and art study, and of the modern lan- guages. The Pasadena Academy is yet another flourishing private school, for both sexes. Professional teachers of music and the fine arts, of high repute, having made their homes in Pasadena from considerations of health, have created opportunities for culture in those direc- tions. Classes for foreisju travel have been formed, the first being now in attendance upon the French Exposition. These are among many evidences of the excep- tionally high character of the pioneers of Pasadena. It was a singular fact that there was not a professional and hardly a practical horticulturist or farmer among them, but the spell of the neighboring orchards and vineyards soon trans- formed them into enthusiastic culturists of the orange and the vine. The worn-out physician found the fountain of youth in the pure Cali- fornia sunsliine, which turned his grapes into delicious raisins. In the first nine years of the history of the settlement, not a single criminal prosecution occurred among a population of a thousand souls, and quarrels were unknowi\. Lawyers issued writs of ejectments to gophers and squirrels, of \ohich there was no lack. In March, 1880, Pasadena held her first citrus fair, in the school building, in which the display of oranges, lemons, limes, raisins, deciduous fruits, fresh or dried and preserved in glass, received the highest praises from hundreds of interested visitors. The pnblic prints abounded in descriptions of the orchard products of the little hamlet, so lately a sheep ranch. A year later the Southern Horticultural Society held its great citrus exhibition, and Pasadena, exhibit- ing a huge pyramid of oranges, lemons and limes, with scores of individual exhibits, bore off the first premium above all competitors, the blue ribbon, and $100, awarded to it as the largest and best exhibit of the kind ever made in the State. Later in the year, at the annual fair of the Southern California Horticultural Society, Pasa- dena took the first premiums for quality and display of citrus fruits. It is a well-known fact that young trees, growing upon virgin soil, produce the very finest exhibition fruit; but the San Gabriel orange belt was the earliest known in American fruit culture, and trees in the Mis- sion garden, sixty years old, are still producing fruit of excellent quality. A single tree in Pasadena, eleven years old, yielded in one year 3,000 fair-sized, well-flavored oranges. n I STORY OF LOS ANGEl.ES COUNTY. What tlie citrus culture was worth to South- ern California, and what loss its destruction entailed, is a subject beyond tlie limits of this article. Now that Australia, whence the insect destroyer came, has sent a devouring parasite equal to the task of its extermination, the or- chards are lenewiiiy their long lease of life. Tliere seemed no limit to the iiorticultural pos- sibilities of rasudeiKi and the adjacent high- lands. The colony which first incorporated under the nameof tlie San Gabriel Orange Grove Associa- tion had included in their purchase a dense growtli of chaparral high up in the foot-hills for which they gladly accepted $5 an acre. Pur- chasing certain water rights in the adjacent canons, these far-sighted lowans proceeded to develop princely estntes, which from an altitude 2,000 feet above the sea, command a view of the entire San Gabriel Valley, with a wider stretch of the blue Pacific. Upon a portion of this tract Messrs. Green and McMally have charm- ing homes, enriched within and without with treasures of art, and the application of instructed taste in the management of grounds, 'i'he Al- tadeiia Railroad makes several trips daily to this pleasant suburb, starting from the Eaymond Hotel depot. Still farther toward the Heart of the High- lands the homes of the Giddings are found at the entrance of the Millard Canon, famous for its picturesque waterfall. Numerous other perches have a local interest, while the Gleeson Sanitarium and the eyrie of John Brown's sons, attract visitors from all parts of the country. The selection of Wilson's Peak, which over- looks Pasadena, for the site of an astronomical observatory which promises to become a point of world wide scientific interest, adds still more to the myster'ous charm of the mountains. For this observatory the largest lens yet known is being prepared, through which " the azure sea with golden shores" will be more fully explored. The ob.servatory will soon be accessible by an excellent wagon road, which will no doubt be displaced by one similar to that provided for tourists to the top of Mount Wasliington. No one has seen the beauty of the San Gabriel Val- ley who has not stood upon Wilson's Peak; and an almost unbroken burro train is seen em- ployed in the service of tourists who go up to view the glory of the earth, even more than the wonders of the sky. From Wilson's Peak the whole main range of the Sierras, the lofty crests of San Antonio, San Jacinto and San Bernardino, the brightness of snow-clad peaks intensified by daik forests, and the emerald hues of countless orange groves, and all the de- ))endent valleys, make a scene of enchantment which no pen can describe. Southern California is a land of strange con- trasts, of inexhaustible delights; and the growth of Pasadena from its simple conditions as a model colony, to an almost ideal young city, with 10,000 inhabitants, who love it as the Swiss their mountain chalets, is no marvel, when one remembers how through long ages Nature has been weaving the tapestries of hill and plain, and Providence has been preparing a race to inherit this choicest climate, these varied products of all tlie zones. Pasadena, with its outlying districts of South Pasadena, Olive- wood, Lamanda Park, Sierra Madre, Monk's Hill and Altadena, covers about twenty square miles. In 1880 Pasadena was served with a tri- weekly stage and mail; now a liveried servant of the Government delivers the mail at every door, while almost hourly trains over the Atchi- son, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad convey the population east or west. Then, the people de- pended wholly upon Los Angeles; now with a manufacturing company which operates one of the largest planing mills in the State; with brick-yards producing 60,000 bricks a day; with twenty miles of horse-car lines running in every direction; with three banks and two daily news- papers; with the peerless Raymond Hotel in its fifty-acre flower garden on the south, and the homelike Painter Hotel on the north, while the opening of a third in the heart of Pasadena is near at hand, and numerous boarding houses HISTORY OF ANGELES COUNTY. ready to meet the special requirements of winter guests or birds of passage: with a well fur- nished free library; with society halls and club liouses, a fine opera house, at an hour's distance from the ocean beaches, with all their varied delights; within the sound of the mission bells of Old San Gabriel, where in a typical Mexican village the old life of the land may be studied and enjoyed; it is not unlikely that the native Pasadenians prove to be like those who — " Born in Boston, need no second birth." The natural advantages of Pasadena which have drawn hither scholars and artists, health- seekers, retired capitalists, and soldiers of fort- une who ride on the crest of every wave of material progress, creating and dissolving booms, are permanent; and the laws which govern the movement of population and of capital are equally irresistible. Everything points to Los Angeles County as the seat of a dense and choice population culled from all nations, cli- mates and zones. Here the first gold and silver were discovered, and here was the early home of the orange, the olive and vine; and here if anywhere upon the planet is the prophecy of good Bishop Berkeley to be fulfilled. " Westward the star of empire takes its way." HISTOKY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. ^F^OMOMA.^ M JSVr'r' r^r* Hr^^J -.JV^r^P-r' r^PP^ PV f^r asssH'SH^^zHa'zp.ssasgSHg ^ ?'-e, ^^^J:^^^^:i:^^^^^i^-^-\^^3^^^^k:S^^r2:¥ ^^-'^ CHAPTER XX. fNE of tlie prominent and most tlonrishing among tlie larger cities of tlie county is Pomona, thirty-tliree miles east of Los Angeles and near the connty boundary line. The Sierra Madre average an elevation of 9,000 feet above the sea, with snow-capped peaks, and are distant six miles north, and Mt. San Ber- nardino (height 11,000 feet) and Mt. San Jacinto — about the same height — forty and fifty miles eastward. The lower "range, called the San Jose Hills, midway between the Sierra Madre Range and the ocean, terminate at the city, and the great valley widens at this point to twenty-five and thirty miles. Thus these high mountain ranges protect this valley equally from harsh sea winds and the unpleasant dry winds and sand-storms of the desert. The altitude of the city is 860 feet above the sea, the valley rising gradually to 2,000 feet at the foot of the mountains. This immediate locality bears a similar relation to the mountains and the ocean as the celebrated health ret-orts of Mentone and Nice. The valley is believed to be one of the mildest and healthiest in Southern California, free from ocean dampness or desert heats. The Southern Pacific Railroad, main line from San Francisco to New Orleans and all points south and east, runs through the heart of the city, while the depot of the great Santa ¥aldwin, better known as "Lucky" Baldwin. Here, at Mr. Baldwin's home, fourteen miles from Los Angeles, are many acres of orange groves, hundreds of acres of vineyard, beautiful lawns, an artificial lake and fountains, and a stable of probably the most noted horses in the United States. Tlie several ranches in this vicinity owned by Mr. Baldwin aggregate 46,000 acres. lie also owns several tliousand acres in other portions of the county, and much valuable busi- ness property in Los Angeles City. HOTELS, HANKS, STKEKT RAILWAYS AND I.IBUAKY. I'rown's Hotel, a three-story brick structure, is a tirst-class house, centrally located. The Palomares, north ot the depot, is a modern three-story frame, just com]ileted, with a total frontage of 216 feet and 125 guest rooms, all those on the iirst floor having a tire-place. The Pomona Bank was incorporated Septem- ber 13, 1883, and commenced business in August, 1884, in the Palmer Block. II. A. Palmer, President; R. S. Day, Cashier. The First National Bank was opened in the spring of 1884; changed to First National Bank in 18.86. C. Seaver, President; Stoddard Jess, Cashier. The People's Bank began business in October, 1887. William P.. Dole, President; John H. Dole, Cashier. The Orange Grove Street Railway, since its consolidation with the Second Street Railway, has four miles of track, and three cars, which run regularly every thirty minutes, through the main business portion of the city. The Po- mona Pleights Company has one line, running al)0ut two miles, from the central depot south- westerly to Pomona Heights. Tiie Holt avenue line is about two miles in length. Tiie Pomona Street Railway Company run a steam car be- tween the depots. The Pomona Library Association was organ- ized in 1887, Mrs. Bartlett, the president, being prominently active in the enterprise. There are now about a thousand volumes in the library, which is in the magnificent new First National Bank building, but which, it is con- templated, will be turned over to the city ere long. The library is mainly supported by the annual flower festivals, the fees being scarcely sufKcient for current expenses. The library, as well as the reading room annexed, is open every day and evening. Soon a building will be erected, into which the library will be removed, and in which there will be a museum, includ- ing the famous statue of tlu Go Ideis Pomona, now ill the reading room. RliV. UUAIJLKS F. LOOP. It is to men of intelligence, keen foresight, and sound practical knowledge that Los Angeles County is indebted for the prominence she takes in the agricultural and horticultural world. To the subject of this sketch, more than to any other man, the beautiful San Jose "Valley is indebted for the wonderful and varied produc- tions that her soil produces. Mr. Loop may well be styled the pioneer fruit grower of the valley. Coming here in 1874, when littleorno attention had been paid to horticultural or viti- cultural pursuits, he coniinenced operations upon the Loop and Me^erve tract, which con- tains 2,500 acres of the finest fruit lands of the valley. There was at that time only a small orchard upon his place. The intelligent care and attention displayed by Mr. Loop in planting and cultivating a large variety of citrus and deciduous fruits as well as wine, table and raisin grapes, soon produced wonderful results, and proved conclusively that the soil and climate of the comparatively valueless sheep ranges con- tained untold wealth when devoted to horticult- ural and viticultural products. His success, when shown to the world, received well merited IIISTOliY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. attention, tmd induced settlement and cultiva- tion, until tlie increase of population and iin proveinents Sdun transferred the seeming desert lands of the valley into a veritable garden. ■ A sketch of Mr. Loop's life, although briefly given, is of interest. He was born in St. Law- rence County, New York, June 7, 1825, his par- ents being David and SaraJi (Fletcher) Loop, also natives of that State. His father was a physician, and he, too, devoted considerable attention to agricultural pursuits, and was well known in St. Lawrence and Madison counties, having moved to the latter county when the subject of this sketch was a mere lad. Mr. Loop was reared upon his father's farm, at the same time receiving an academical education at Oneida and Whitesboro. In his young man- hood he spent several years as a teacher, and at the age of twenty-eight years entered upon his theological studies at the St. Paul's College, Palmyra, Missouri. After graduating at that institution he located at St. Louis, when he was ordained as a minister of the Episcopal Church, in Christ's Church of that city, in 1857, after which he located at Brunswick, Missouri, and was there engaged in ministerial labors in Mis- souri and Hlinois until 1868. In the latter year Mr, Loop was sent by the Episcopal Domes- tic Missionary Board of New York to Califor- nia, and was engaged in mission labors at Santa Cruz, and while there organized the lii-st Epis- copal Church in that town. In 1868 he came to Los Angeles County and for a year or more had charge of the St. Paul's Parish at Los An- geles. In 1869 he commenced his horticultural and viticultural pursuits upon 160 acres of land at San Gabriel, which he had purcliased in 1868. Upon this land he took up his residence and planted an orchard and vineyard. At the same time he was actively engaged in his missionary work in Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties. He was the pioneer of his church, and officiated at the first Episcopal services ever held in the now prosperous towns of Anaheim, Riverside, Ontario, San Buenaventura, San Ber- nardino, Colton and San Dimas, The first Epis- copal service held iu San Jose Valley was in 1874- or 1875, at Rev. Mr. Loop's residence, the old Palomares homestead. Mr. Loop has for nearly thirty years been actively engaged in the ministry of his chosen church. Asa conscien- tious, upright and faithful foUowerof his Master, he has gained the universal respect and esteem of a large circle of friends and acquaintances throughout Southern California. He is a strong believer in the future prosperity of his section,- and a liberal contributor to and supporter of all enterprises that tend to develop the resources of the beautiful San Jose Valley. Foreseeing tlie profitable cultivation of the olive, that is destined to become one of the leading industries of the valley and State, he has devoted both time and money toward securing the most approved varieties that are adapted to the climate, soil, etc. In 1883 and 1888 Mr, Loop made ex- tended tours through the olive sections of South- ern France and Italy, which have resulted in his importing several varieties of olives from those countries, such as iiis study and research has convinced him can be profitably cultivated in Los Angeles County. He was a director, and one of the original iiicorporators of the Orange Growers' Union of Southern California. At Utica, New York, in 1853, Mr. Loop was united in marriage with Miss Sarah J. Loomis, the daughter of Thomas and Sophia (DeFerriere) Loomis. From this marriage there are two children living: Charles F. and John Daven- port, both of whom are residing with their par- ents. Mr. Loop has sold all his landed interests in the Loop and Meserve tract except a home- stead of fourteen acres, which is located about three miles north of Pomona, upon which he is now (1889) erecting a well ordered and beautiful home, Li 1889 Mr, Loop presented to tlie city of Pomona a life size marble statue of the Goddess of Pomona, which was made in the studio of Antonio Frilli, of Florence, Italy, and is &fac shnile of the famous Antique No. 74:, of the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. In the spring of 1888, while visiting Europe, in comj)any with his wife HltiTOkY OF LOS ANGELEti COUNTY. and two sons, he saw the original statue, was impressed with its beauty, and learned that it was of antique origin, unearthed from the ruined palaces of the Mediterranean, where it had been buried for centuries. He accordingly had a copy of it made, — it is said, at an expense of about $9,000, — and brought to his favored city, where it was unveiled July 4, 1889. THE POMONA REGISTEK, a weekly Democratic newspaper, was established in March, 1889, by the Register Company, John Symes, Editor; W. E. Morton, Local Editor. Three months later Mr. Morton with- drew and assumed the control of the Santa Ana Blade. It is a four-column quart.i, and, con- sidering the times, has met with very encour- aging success. It is Djmocratic in politics. John Symes, editor of the Pomona Register, considering his years has had a long and lavor- ably-known journalistic career. He was ijurn on the Western Reserve, in Trumbull County, Ohio, in 1842. His parents, William and Mary (Giftbrd) Symes, were born, reared and married in England. Fifty-three years ago they crossed the Atlantic and settled in Ohio, where eight cliildren were born to them. In 1853 they be- came pioneers of La Crosse County, Wisconsin, settling on a farm a few miles south of the present line city of La Crosse. There three more children were added to their family. At sixteen years of age the subject of this sketch commenced to learn the printing trade, at which he has ever since been employed, having passed all the grades from "printer's devil," composi- tor, local editor to business inanager, to editor- in-chief and proprietor. Mr. Symes was associated with the somewhat notorious M. M. Pomeroy (Brick Pomeroy) in the publication of the La Crosse Democrat, and a portion of the time Pomeroy's business manager. When Pomeroy went to New York, Mr. Symes and George W. Peck, now widely known as the editor and proprietor of Pech^s Sun, pub- lished in Milwaukee, became the owners of the La Crosse Democrat. Later, Mr. Symes was the sole proprietor, and still later was associated with E. B. Usher in its publication. Mr. Usher became the owner finally, and changing the name to La Crosse Chronicle, still continues its publication. In 1877 Mr. Symes, in partnership with W. C. Swain, opened a job office in Mil- waukee. Some six years later, being afflicted from a stroke of paralysis, he sold out and came, as soon as able, to California. Mr. Symes has gained each year in health in this State, but the old-time vigor is far from being his. In 1878 Mr. Symes wedded Miss Allie Alter who was of one of the old La Crosse families. They have had two children, of whom only the youngest, a bright sunny lass of eight years, is living. John H. Brinkerhoff, born April 14, 1835, near Tiffin, Ohio, a son of Hezekiali, who was the son of Henry, of Adams County, Pennsylvania, a descendant of Jaris Derickson Brinkerhoff. The latter came fiom Dreuth, in the Netlierlands, in 1638, through his son, Hendrick Jorisen, who married Claare Boomgaert and settled on a farm bought of Hendrick Epke Banka, between the Hackensack River and Overjeck Creek, in Ber- gen County, New Jersey, in 1665. This place is yet owned by members of the family, where he built a house that was tired and destroyed by sparks from a passing engine, in 1870. On its site, in 1885, was held the 200th aimiversary of its jnirchase, to which over 5,000 of the pur- cliaser's descendants were invited, and many hundi'eds, coming from all parts of the Union, were present. The old heraldry book gives the name as "Brinkcrhofie,"and their motto, "Con.- stans fides et integritas.'"' The record shows the family were always an honored one in trade and statesmanship. John II. was bred on a farm, and schooled in a backwoods acadenn id th printitij offices at Republic and Milan, Ohio, serving a good, long four years' apprenticeship. In 1855 he went to Wisconsin, working in offices at Watertown, Jefferson and Beaver Dam, until the fall of 1857, when he established the Times at Waupnn, of which he disposed some ten years later. In inSTOIiY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 1861 lie was appointed postmaster of Waupun, which position lie iield until June, 1885, when he resigned and moved on a farm in Waupaca County. He was a member of tlie Wisconsin Legislature of 1864-'65, has l)een an Odd Fel- low ever since his majority, and for two years was a grand officer of the Knighta of Honor in Wisconsin. His first wife was Lucy T. Stoddard, of Laona, New Yurk, by whom he has one living son, James Edwin, with a manufacturing lirm at Waupun. His second wife was Jennie H. Gillette, of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, wlio has borne him three daughters, two of whom, Lola J. and Margaret Minton, are living. In 1887 he came to Pomona, engaging in ranch work until the spring of 1889, when, associating him- self with John Symes, he estal)lislied the Po- mona lieyister. THE POMONA WINE COMPANY. This is tiie largest and most extensive in- dustry in Pomona, located on the corner of El- len and Libbie streets. The principal building is a large brick structure, with double walls, and was erected in the spring and summer of 1887 at a cost of $50,000. Tiie engine is of eighteen horse-power and the boiler forty. The number of gallons of wine manufactured since they began operations is over 3,000,000, and at present they have 100,000 gallons stored in the warehouses. The different qualities manu- factured are the sweet, dry, claret and white wines, and they are now making preparations to manufacture the sherry wine. It is one of the most interesting sights in Pomona to watch, during the wine-making season, the great loads of grapes waiting to be delivered at the eleva- tor. As many as fifty wagons have been counted at one time, standing in line. The wine interests of this section are very great. The Pomona Wine Company is an incorporated in- stitution, and the list of officers comprises the following well ami fuMirably known iutlncMitial citizens of Pcmnua: V. . W. McCJIary, I'resi- deiit; Fred .1. Smith, Sccn'tarv: (). Seaver, Treasurer, and the following Directors: J. A. Packard, Stoddard Jess, C. vSeaver, Fred J. Smith and G. W. McClary. CHUKCHES. The Catholic Church. — Prim- to the erection of the beautiful Catholic Cluirch, which stands on the corner of Ellen and Libbie screets, the Catholics of Pomona worshiped in an adobe building, about a mile from town, in the old Palomares Tract, where it is said the first resi- dence in this fertile valley was erected. As population rapidly increased, the Catholics in 1885 began to raise funds for tlie erection of a house of worship, and had the building com- pleted by Christmas, under the auspices of a committee consisting of Messrs. O'Connor, Haley, O'Brien, Doyle, Dunn and others. In the month of April, 1886, Father P. J. Fisher took charge of the parish, and raised money sufficient to pay the debt that was re- maining, and also to furnish the church, build a $2,000 parsonage, and provide a bell costing $200. Total cost of church and furnishings, $4,800. Father Fisher, who is still the rector, has raised altogether about $8,000 for church purposes, all of which has been economically expended. The membership of this church is now about 400. St PauVs Episcopal Church. — In the fall of 1876 Rev. P. S..Ruth held the first church serv ices at Pomona, in a room of an old building on the corner of Third and Main streets, where a brick builditig now stands. From the spring of 1877 to that of 1878 services were held at the residence of Mr. Ruth, near where he now resides. Next, a house which had been a saloon was rented, on Second street, and services were held there five or six months. Then a subscription was started for raising money wherewith to build a small church, and in the meantime the society conducted their worship at the residence of Rev. Mr. Ruth airain. The church bui Decern lior nig was riisi ith,-^- iilier 11 t.. .Luiiiary 11, ISTil, wiu-i >ci'ui)ied. Tilt- rite of cunfiriiiation ' HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. first administered May 18, 1880, by Bishop Kip. During the foregoing period Rev. Charles F. Loop and wife made many important dona- tions for the support of the ciiurcli. November 30, 1884, Eev. John D. H. Browne, from Hali- fax, Nova Scotia, took charge of the " mission," as this church is still termed in the ecclesiasti- cal language of that denomination. He imme- diately began raising funds for the building of a good and substantial church edifice, and soon the present fine structure at the southeast corner of Thomas and Fourth streets was erected, at a cost of about $3,300; but the value of the property is actually about $4,500. During Mr. Browne's ministry the membership increased from seventeen to sixty. He resigned July 1, 1886, and was succeeded by Rev. James Simonds, till the spring of 1887. From Sep- tember 1888, to Easter, 1889, Rev. M. McCosh was the rector; and since July, 1889, Rev. ^Y. B. Burrows, from New York State, has been in charge of tliis parish. The number of communicants is now over 100. O. M. Kenyon is Warden, and S. Sorby, Treasurer. Rev. Peter S. Ruth is one of the early set- tlers or pioneers of Pomona. He came to that place in 1876, when it was a hamlet of scarcely a dozen houses, and entered upon his missionary work in serving his Master and establishing an Episcopal church. From that time until 1884 he was earnestly engaged in his ministerial la- bors, and has seen a city spring up as by magic upon the comparatively desert plain. His la- bors have resulted in establishing a large and united congregation, and the building up of a substantial church edifice. He has well merited the approval of his Lord and Master, and to him may well be applied the term of "Good and faithful servant." Mr. Ruth is a native of Kent County, Dela- ware, born near Dover, in 1812. His father, William Ruth, was a native of Maryland, and his mother, nee Rebecca Stout, was born in Delaware. Her family were among the early .settlers of New Jersey. Mr. Ruth's youth was spent near Dover, receiving a thorough educa- tion, finally graduating at Kenyon College, at Gambler, Knox County, Ohio, A. D. 1836, after which he studied law under Judge John M. Clayton, and was admitted to the bar. After some years in the practice of the law, lie lo- cated in Philadelphia, and in 1851 entered upon the study of theology. In 1852 he was or- dained as a minister in the Episcopal Church, and, entering heartily into his work, was as- signed to a parish in Bradford County, Penn- sylvania; thence removed to Schuyler County, New York. In 1860 he located at Worthing, ton, Ohio, and was there the principal of a grammar school until 1862, when he removed to Minnesota, neir Rochester. In 1870 he went to Hot Springs, Arkansas, where he was en- gaged in his labors until 1872, when he removed to Memphis. In 1874 the subject of this sketch came to California and was assigned to a parish in San Luis Obispo. The next j-ear he went to San Diego, thence to San Bernardino, being employed in mission work until July, 1876, when he came to Pomona. . Upon his ar- rival there he entered heartily into his work. The first Episcopal service ever held in that city was under the direction of Mr. Ruth, and for many months the small congregation assem- bled at the modest cottage home of their clergy- man, whose earnest efforts finally resulted in the building of a church, and the foundation of a large and earnest congregation and member- ship in the Episcopal Church. As before stated, Mr. Ruth continued his charge of St. Paul's Church of Pomona until 1884. He then re- signed his charge to younger but not more earnest ministrations, and sought the rest that his years of faithful service so well entitled him to receive. Although nearly eighty years of age, Mr. Ruth possesses keen mental faculties, with a mind richly stored with the reminiscences of a well-spent and active life. His comforta- ble cottage home, with two acres of land in block No. 83, on Ellen street, is designed for a pleasant rest for his declining years. He is also the owner of one half of block 86, which is well HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 337 improved and planted with citrns and deciduous fruits. He is also owner of some of the best business property in Pon^ona. In addition to Mr. Ruth's labors in the ministry-, he lias been an earnest worker in building up Pomona and supporting enterprises tending to advance the welfare of the community in which he resides. His consistent and earnest life and genial man- ner have gained him the respect of all, and the love and esteem of a large circle of friends. In 1840 he married Miss Sarah W.Cannon, a native of Delaware, who died in 18-19, leaving four children: Theodore, who married Miss Margaret Faris, and is now a resident of Po- mona; P'ondelia, now the wife of Fi'anklin W. Griswold, and living in Worthington, Ohio; Albert, a resident of Knoxville, Tennessee, and Ellen Bcswick, wife, first of Rev. James Walker, afterward of Samuel Keiser, and died in Indiana. In 1850 Mr. Ruth married Miss Sarah A. Henry, a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She died in 1866. No children were born from that marriage. In 1867 Mr. Ruth contracted his third marriage, by uniting with Miss Julia M. Charnock, a native of England. I5y this marriage there are two children living: Anna Frances and Constance Evelyn, both now at school at the "Irving Institute," San Francisco. First Presbyterian Church of Pomona, Cal- ifornia, consisting of fourteen persons, was or- ganized May 2, 1883, by Rev. Thomas Fraser, assisted by Revs. Oliver C. Weller and B. 13. Bonham. The following have been officers: Pastors — Rev. O. C. Weller, from May 2, 1883, to June 29, 1884; L. P. Crawford, from December 5, 1884, to April 2, 1886; J. Rice Bowman, D. D., from December 6, 1886, to December 1, 1888; J. A. Gordon, D. D., from May 1, 1889, and now serving. El- ders — Henry Curtis, from May 9, 1883, to May, 1884; Cassius C. Johnson, from May 9, 1883, to May 2, 1887; Elias Finck, from May 9, 1882, to May, 1886; Herbert St. John, from October 23, 1885, now serving; L. D. Rutan, from January 22, 1887, to May 2, 1889; ,). W. Ileckinan, fnnii June 2r), 1887, now serving; David Boss, from June 26, 1887, now serving; J. E. Crawford, from June 26, 1887, now serv- ing; B. B. Brown, from June 26, 1887, to April 29, 1888; Dr. J. M. Hurtt, from Jnly 29, 1888, now serving. Deacons — C. C. Johnson, from June 26, 1887. now serving; W. M. Moody, from June 26, 1887, now serving; Allen J. Lorbeer, from June 26, 1887, now serving. Under Rev. William H. Clagett, who held revival services, assisted by the singer, E. C. Avis, in the winter of 1888-'89, lifty-one per- sons united with the church. The whole num- ber of members at this time is 151. Their house of worship is a handsome structure on the corner of Garey avenue and Third street. The first building was erected here in 1885, at a cost of about $3,000, and in 1888 an addition of eiqual cost was made. Total seating capacity, abont 500. Besides, there is a wing in which minor meetings are held. The First Presbyterian Church of La Verne, California, was organized July 1, 1888, by the Presbyterial committee appointed for the pur- pose; namely, Kev. J. Rice Bowman, D. I)., Pastor of Pomona, California, Presbyterian Church, and Rev. F. D. Seward, Synodical Mis- sionary. The church consisted of eleven mem- ber.-*, who elected as Elders: J. F. Cumberland, B. B. Brown, Elias Finck and A. H. Pogue; and as Deacon, Eugene J. McFadden. Dr. Bowman was chosen pastor, to serve in con- nection with his Pomona pastorate. Pilgrim Congregational Church. — When the Presbyterian church was organized here, the question was debated whether to have a Presby- terian or Congregational church polity. There were more Congregationalists than Presbyte- rians; but the latter, being able to secure more money from outside, carried their point. Both denominatiotis, however, worked together in harmony. There was an understanding that the Congregationalists should occupy Otitario until growth should justify another church, and the Presbyterians Pomona. May 26, 1887, under the ministration of Kev. (). P>. Sumner, the ( 'ongregationalists or- HISTORY OF LOS AJSGELES COUNTY. ganized in Pomona, with thirty-six names. Dr. ■I. M. Case, Eev. C. B. Sheldon and J. C. Gar- lick were chosen Deacons, and E. T. Palmer, Clerk. A chapel, on the corner of Third and Thomas streets, was completed the ne.xt fall, being occupied for the first time on Thanks- giving eve, by a prayer- meeting. Seating capacity, 250. Cost, $4,600. In May, 1888, Rev. Sumner resigned as pas- tor, in order to devote his time to the interests of Pomona College, noticed in the next para- graph. He was succeeded by Rev. L. H. Frary, formerly of Weymouth, Massachusetts, who is the present pastor. The membership numbers now about 180, and the church is filled at regu- lar services to its utmost capacity. Seating capacity, about 300. The Deacons are: L. T. Bishop, J. D. Garlick and I. N. Case; Sunday- school Superintendent, E. P. Shaw, an extraor- dinarily successful man. The attendance at the school is about 140. Pomona College is a new institution of great promise. The main building, now in process of erection, is on the Piedmont mesa, a beau- tiful site a mile from the railroad at North Pomona, commanding an extended view of the valleys of San Gabriel, Pomona and San Ber- nardino. The cost of this building will be about $40,000. But the school has been already commenced (in 1888) in the Claremont Hotel, a fine building donated permanently to the enter- prise. A large grant of land adjoining has also been made. This building is known as Claremont Hall. Claremont is a village a mile distant from the college campus. The attend- ance last term numbered fifty pupils, and there are about seventy the present term (autumn of 1889), with promise of more. In the summer of 1887, a committee of the General Association of California (Congrega- tional Church), established this college here, with the proviso that a majority of the board of trustees should be members of the Congre- gational Church, but free from ecclesiastical control in the management of the college, which is to be "thoroughly evauijelical and earnestly evangelistic," but of course not sec- tarian. The present board of trustees are: H. A. Palmer, of Berkeley, President; H. K. W. Bent, Pasadena; Revs. A. J. Wells, R. G. Hntchius, D. D., and J. T. Ford, and H. W. Mills, Los Angeles; N. W. Hlanchard, Santa Paula; Rev. C. W. Weitzel, Santa Barbara; Rev. J. H. Howard, D. D., Santa Ana; Rev. G. W. Marston, San Diego; Rev. T. C. Hunt, Riverside; Revs. C. B. Sumner and C. B. Shel- don, Pomona; Rev. J. K. McLean, D. D., Oak- land; and A. S. McPherron, Lugonia. The faculty are: Rev. E. C. Norton, M. A., Principal of Preparatory Department and Teacher of Greek; F. P. Brackett, B. A., Teacher of Mathematics and Latin; Theodore S. Palmer,B. A., Teacher of Science andLatin; Miss Estelle P. Spalding, B. L., Teacher of English Literature, History, and Modern Languages; Mrs. Mary Caldwell Smith, Teacher of Piano, Harmony and Theory; Miss Stella I. Fitch, Teacher of Vocal Culture, Piano and Organ; F. P. Brackett, B. A., Director of the Choral Union. The First Baptist Church of Pomona was organized in 1871, by Rev. R. C. Fryer, in Spadra school-house, with only twelve souls. Under his pastorate the membership increased to thirty. Rev. ,[. B. Tombes, D. D., succeeded Mr. Fryer, but after a time resigned. In 1883 Rev. Mr. Latourette, missionary of the Los Angeles Baptist Association, was sent to Po- mona, to organize a Baptist church. By his advice the Spadra people agreed toliave their place of worship changed to Pomona, which was done October 3. 1883, anil the name changed to its present form. They then held regular services in an old house on Fourth street, Mr. Latourette acting as pastor. In a few weeks a commodious house of worship was erected on the corner of Ellen and Fourth streets. Rev. J. F. Moody became pastor in August, 1884, when the membership numbered forty- eight. It has since increased to about 150. Rev. Mr. Bennett is the present pastor. The Christian Church.— h\ 1883 a half dozen HISTORY OF LOS ANOELRS COUNTY. persons of this denomination connnenced lidd- ing meetings in the second story of a l)uilding provided by W. E. Martin. A few months later the court-room of Judge Joseph Wright afforded hospitable Sunday accommodations for their increasing numbers. A house of worship at the corner of Gordon and Center streets, was erected in ISS-t-'SB, at an expense of $3,000, and was occupied from the time it was enclosed in 1884. The Eiders are, W. E. Martin and Prof. W. T. Tibbs. There are about 125 members at the presenttime. Prof. W. T. Tibbs occupied the pulpit from the first until the fall of 1888, when he was succeeded by Elder Pennington for a short time. Tiiere is no regular pastor now. The Methodist Episcopal Church. — In Feb- ruary, 1876, Rev. M. M. Bovard preached at the railroad station — the first sermon ever preached in Pomona by a Methodist minister. There was occasional Methodist preaching until Maj', 1877, when Rev. A. M. Hough, Presiding Elder of Los Angeles District, organized the church, with seven members. In July following a small church was built on the corner of Third and Gordon streets, in which worship was conducted until September .30, 1883, when the edifice was dedicated free from debt, having been erected and furnished at a cost of $2,250. In November, the same year, a small parson- age at the rear of the church was built at an expense of about .$600. Additions have since been made. An addition 16x28 feet was also made to the church edifice, making the total seating capacity 280. But since the advent of Rev. J. W. Phelps in September, 1888, a large addition has been made, sixty feet square, making the total seating capacity about 1,000. The cost of this addition was about $10,000. It has a raised floor, with a semi-circular ar- rangement of opera chairs, and an imposing spire. Under Mr. Phelps's ministry there has also been a wonderful addition to the member- ship; during the eleven weeks of protracted meetings held in 1888-'89 there were about 300 conversions, resulting in an increase of 175 to the membership of his church and of large numbers to others in the city, city leaps over across the street bayous as wel A big fire in a A flood fills bayous as well as the main channel. The total number of members now is 397. The pastors, since organization, have been, counting by Conference years from September to September: Isaac M. Leighy, 1877-'78; I. R.Conlee,1878-'79; B. A. Washburn, 1879-'80; J.D.Crum,1880-'82;R. M.Kirkland,1882-'83; F. D. Mather, 1883-'85 ; W. W. Bailey,1885-'86 ; S. A. Thomson, 1887-'88; J. W. Phelps, 1888 to the present. The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was organized first in 1882, but "went down." In the spring of 1887 it was reorganized, with eighteen members, and for a year worshiped in the Univeralist church. A neat edifice of their own has just been completed on the northeast corner of Fifth and Ellen streets, size 28x48 feet, and cost about $2,000, besides the lot, which cost about $1,500. During the first year of the present organization Rev. H. H. Heimer was pastor; the present preacher in charge is Rev. Cason, and the membership twenty to twenty-five. Josiah Gregg is class-leader. A Sunday school is maintained. Of this denomination there are also a church and society at Azusa, of which Mr. Cason is also pastor. The African Methodist Episcopal Church, organized in 1888, is flourishing. The German Lutheran Church is also repre- sented in Pomona by a society, of which Rev. J. A. Schilling is pastor. The Unitarian Church in Pomona was or- ganized in the spring of 1888, by Rev. Oscar Clute, from Iowa City. In May, 1889, he ac- cepted the presidency of his alma mater, the State Agricultural College of Michigan, after which time the society was without a regular minister, until recently, when Rev. E. C. L. Browne, from Charleston, South Carolina, ac- cepted the place. This society, numbering now about thirty members, worship in the Opera House. Mrs. Miles 'is superintendent of the ay-school. Sunda HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. The First UrilversaUst Socletij of Pomona was formed in May, 1884, and at tlieir request Eev. G. H. Deere, of Riverside, organized a parish here of seventeen members. Until July meetings were held in tlie house of one of the members, and from that time until January in Eates's Hall. Their church on Fourth street was dedicated in January, 188G, by Rev. Deere. The first pastor of the society was Rev. E. C. Miles, formerly a Congregational minister, who served until July, 1885. February 28, 1886, Rev. C. E. Churchill began preaching here. Holiness Church. — December 3, 1882, a band of seven members was organized in Pomona. They erected a house of worship, 24 x 30 feet in size, on Parcells street, near Second, which was completed in November, 1883. But the church was formally organized July 19, 1884, which has since grown to a membership of about thirty. The ministers have been: L. Par- ker, George Quinan and G. V. D. Brand. This new denomination emphasizes the doc- trine that entire freedom from a sinful nature or condition, called "holiness," "entire sanctifi- cation," "perfect love," "perfection," etc., is always subsequent to "justification," at the time of conversion, at the first repentance, and of course that il is absolutely essential to the Christian character and to final salvation in heaven after death. Quaker-like, they eschew all worldly show, the ornamentation of churches, the wearing of jewelry and gorgeous dress, in- strumental music in the church, choir singing, rented pews, the use of tobacco and intoxicating liquors, jesting and light conversation, civil liti- gation with one another, etc. Indeed, total ab- stinence from all these things is a condition of membership. Of this denomination in Los Angeles County, there are societies at Los Angeles, tabernacle on Fourth street, between Spring and Fort; East Los Angeles, tabernacle on Patrick street, near Sichel street; Garvanza, tabernacle on Ruby street, between Fair Oaks and Mountain ave- nues; Pasadena, 90 and 92 South Fair Oaks avenue; Downey, East Second street; Norwalk, half a mile southeast of town; Azusa, fourth of a mile southwest of postoffice; Monrovia, Ivy avenue, between Oi-ange and Olive; El Monte, near depot; Cerritos, near Wilmington. The Young Melt's Christian Association was organized January 21, 1884. The first officers were: Dr. C. W. Brown, President; J. W. Henderson, First Vice-Presidetit; D. Holla- day, Second Vice-President; Frank E. Reeves, General Secretary, and J. A. Dritfill, Treasurer. Dr. Brown is still president. A reading-room and employment office is maintained. F. & A. M. — A call for a meeting of those interested in the formation of a lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in Pomona w-as made early in the month of February, 1887. The- meeting was held at the residence of James H. Egan, and the following officers were duly in- stalled on January 25 1878: W. T. Martin, Worshipful Master; L.D.Conner, Senior War- den; J. II. Egan, Junior Warden; T.Mercer, Senior Deacon; J. B. Parker, Junior Deacon; Charles Weile, Treasurer; J. Schlesinger, Secre- tary; J. J. Jester, Tyler; John Whyte, Steward. The installation ceremonies were performed by Brother R. C. Fryer, P. M., of Lexington Lodge, El Monte. At the time of the installation there were but ten members. At present the society is known as Pomona Lodge, No. 246, F. & A. M. The Inilependent Order of Odd Fellows was organized the 30th of May, 1876, with tha following officers: N. G., II. Eno; V. G., J. E. McComas; Secretary, George C. Egan; Treas- urer, Louis Phillips. Kniyhts of Pythias. — This society was or- ganized the 30th of August, 1884, through the combined efforts of Past Chancellors De Camp, of Los Angeles, and Schumacher, of Sedalia, Missouri. It is known as JEtna Lodge, and started out with a charter membership of twenty- five, and soon had some of the best and most influential citizens among them. Since its foundation the lodge has been, and is now, in a niSTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. very flourisliing condition, and on a steady in- crease financially and otherwise. The first offi- cers were as follows: E. A. DeCamp, Chancellor Commander; li. N. Loucks, Vice-Chancellor; F. C. Scliumacher, Prelate. Pomona has also a Uniform Rank, K. of P., who have elegant uniforms. Pomona Lodge., No. 225, Ancient Order of United Worhmen, was organized June 4, 1883, and instituted by District Dejmty Grand Mas- ter Cobler. The charter was granted to Past Master Workman, "William I). Morton; Master Workman, W. J. Henderson; Foreman, V. De Brunner; Overseer, P. J. Vawter; Recorder, J. R. Garthside; Financier, A. N. Harris; Re- ceiver, R. N. Loucks; Guide, N. P. Oakes; In- side Watchman, J. J. Henry; Outside Watchman, W. J. Kessler, who were the first officers. This is a strong, active society. Viekshurg Poht, No. 61, Department of Cali- fornia., G. A. P., was organized on the 16th day of May, 1884, with J. E. McComas, Commander; H. W. Crampton, Senior Vice-Commander; E. B. Smith, Junior Vice-Commander; H. Eno, Quartermaster; C. H. Boutelle, Chaplain; M. M. Sheldon, Surgeon; Lyman Cowles, Officer of the Day; Joe Cro well. Officer of the Guard ; and fifteen charter members. There are now forty mem- bers. T. C. Thomas is the present commander. Woman^s Pelief Corps. — This corps was or- ganized the 16th day of February, 1887, with the following officers: President, Mrs. S. M. Sweet; Senior Vice-President, Mrs. Julia A. Howe; Junior Vice-President, Mrs. Union A. Howe; Secretary, Mrs. Jessie Crank; Treasurer, Mrs. U. Tilden; Chaplain, Mrs. C. Williams; Conductor, Mrs. E. H. Bailey; Guard, Mrs. Priscilla Cowles; Assistant Guard, Miss Amelia Parker; Assistant Conductor, Mrs. Cora Lewis. Mr. Con Howe, at that time commander of Vicksburg Post, officiated as installation officer. Mrs. Sweet is still the president, and tlie corps is active and efficient. Pomona Court, Independent Order of For- esters, effected a preliminary organization in July, 1889, with twenty-two members, and during the next month received their charter. H. B. Westerman, Chief Ranger; W. S. Win- ters, Vice-Chief Ranger; C. H. Marshall, Re- cording Secretary; V. De Bruner, Financial Secretary; Henry Hanson, Treasurer; Rev. J. 1). H. Browne, Chaplain; Dr. T, H. Smith,' Physician. The court meets the last Monday of each month. niSTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ^ ^*'^:<:^:5" .^_____^^|^ ^ CllArXER XXI SAX rp:nRO |yS tlie principal liarl)or of the county. It |1 was often lively in 1840 — and had been W so in Mission times — by the trading vessels engaged, with active competition, in the pur- chase of hides and tallow. Francis Melius gives a list of those on this coast, August 22 of that year, thirteen in number, as follows: "Ships — California (Captain Arthur), Alciope (Clapp), Monsoon (Vincent), Alert (Phelps); Barques — Index (Scott), Clara (Walters); Her- maphrodite brigs— ^-Leonidas (Stevens), Ayacucha (Dare); Brigs — Juan Jose (Dunkin), Bolivar (Nye); Schooners — Fly (Wilson), California (Cooper), Nymph, formerly Norse (Fitch), and two more expected." From 1844 to 1849 the merchants at Los A\ngeles City were: John Temple, Abel Stearns, Charles W. Flugge (found dead September 1, 1852, on the plains below this city), B. D. Wilson and Albert Pack- ard (Wilson & Packard), and Alexander Bell. To these add, in 1849, Antonio Cota, Jose An- tonio Meneudez, from Spain; Juan Domingo, Netiierlands; Jose Mascarel, of Marseilles, an John Behn, of Grand Uutchy Baden. The last named came in 1848. He quit business in the fall of 1853, died December 6, 1868. Madame Salandie is to be added to those of 1849. She came on the same ship with Lorenzo Lecke from Pennsylvania in that year, started at once a little store, liutt'her shop, loaning money and general speculation. Juan Domingo came to California in 1829, b^' way of Lima, married here, was quite noted, died December 20, 1858. The first steamer that ever visited San Pedro was the Goldhunter, in 1849 — a side-wheel, which made the voyage from San Francisco to Mazatlan, touching at way ports. The next was the old Ohio. At San Pedro, from 1844 to 1849, Temple ct Alexander (D. W. Ale.xander) had the only general store, and they carried on all the forwarding business. The first four- wheel vehicle in this county, except an old- fashioned Spanish carriage belonging to the Mission priests, was a rockaway carriage which this linn bought of Captain Kane, Major Gra- ham's Quartermaster, in January, 1849, paying him $1,000 for the carriage and two American horses. It created a sensation like that of the first Wilmington railway car on the 26th day of October, 1868. Goods were forwarded to Los Angeles, twenty-four miles, in carts, each with two yoke of oxen, yoked by the horns. The regular train was of ten carts, like the Cali- fornia car fetus. The body was the same, but they had spoked wheels tired, which were im- ported from Boston. Freiglit was $1.00 per hundred weight. This style of importation con- tinued until after 1850. The first stage line was started by Alexanders & Banning in 1852; the next by that man of iron, J. J. Tomlinson, whose death was early for the public good, June niHTOUY OF LOS AUGKLEU VOUHTY. 7, 1867. In 1851 D. W. Alexander purchased at Sacramento ten lieavy freiglit wagons tliat had been sent in from Salt Lake by Ben Holli- day, and in 1853 a whole train, fourteen wagons and 108 mules, that had come through from Chiliuahua, paying therefor $23,000. So ox- carts were supplanted. San Pedro, so noted as a port under the former regime, since 1850 has been, until recently, the only outlet for our productions. 0.\ carts could not remain long after the management of trade fell into the hands of Douglass & Sanford, John Goller, J. J. Tomlinson, J. M. Griffith, A. W. Timms, A. F. Ilincliman, Don Jose Rubio, David W. Alexander, Pliineas Banning, all of whom have done so much to build up our com- j merce. General Banning went there a young ' man. In 1851 was formed the firm of Alexan- der & Banning, commission and forwarding merchants. Subsequently for four years he con- ducted this business alone, marked i)y sagacity, foresight, and energy. In 1858 Old San Pedro was abandoned. Wilmington then became the real port for Los Angeles commerce. When he j commenced, 500 tons would have been a fair average for the trips botli ways per month. Now, there has been as high as 15,000 tons afloat at one time, to say nothing of the enor- mous amount of produce which the same vessels carried away on their departure. General Ban- ning liad tlie opportunity to see the passengers ride from the port to Los Angeles City on Mexi- I can ox-carts, with no iron in their construction, and has seen them at length make the trip on as tine railway cars as there are in the United States; and saw them increase from fifty persons per month to near 3,000. One may justly say, that no one of our citizens has contributed more of labor with perseverance, or more of business ability than he, to the accomplishment of this result. In the year 1871, after several careful pre- liminary surveys, the United States Government ooinmenced the work of improving Wilmington Harbor, which work has ever since been going steadily on; §125,000 have so far been appro- j priated for the breakwater and the clearing out of the bar. When work was commenced the bar had upon it only eighteen inches of water at low tide, and was only crossed by lighters which waited for the Hood. There are miw about nine- teeti feet of water upon the bar at low tide. To the indefatigable exertions of General Phineas Banning, of Wilmington, is due, more than to the efforts of any other one man, the inaugura- tion of this work. In the explosion of the little steamer Ada Hancock, April 29, 1863, near Wilmington, among many lost were, of our merchants, William T. B. Sanford, Dr. Henry R. Miles, Loeb Sciilessinger; with Captain Thomas Seeley, of steamer Senator, Captain J. S. Bryant, Fred Kerlin, Thomas Workman, the young Albert S. Johnston, son of General Albert Sidney Johns- ton, iliss Medora Hereford, sister- n-law of Mr. B. D. Wilson, soon after died of injuries in this deplorable calamity. The harbor has several picturesque peninsulas and high points of land stretching into the sea, and Dead Man's Island is the most conspicuous object in the bay. At the mouth of the harbor, beyond this island, riding safely. at anchor, are vessels from various domestic and foreign poi-ts, including one or more large steamships of the coast line, which ply regularly between San Francisco and San Diego. Twenty miles out is the great summer resort, Catalina Island, described in the first chapter. Ever since the early settlement of Califoriiia, San Pedro has been a commercial point of more or less itnportance. It is now second to none except San Francisco; for though the town itself is small, as compared with San Diego, it is tlie shipping and receiving point for the city of Los Angeles and the populous, rich and growing towns and rural districts surrounding it. Until 1873 the port was known as San Pedro, butin that year Congress decided that it should be called Wilmington, that town, located at the head of the inner bay, being the place where nearly all the business was done. In 1882 an act of Con- gress established the customs district of Wil- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. iniiigton, with that town as tlie port of entry, and Haeneine, San Buenaventura and Santa Barbara as ports of delivery, — neitlier of tliese three places being in the same county with Wil- mington. Until the extension of the railroid to San Pedro all the business of the port had to be transacted by means of lighters, for the convey- ance of merchandise between vessels and the landing places. The construction of a railroad from Los Angeles to the harbor in 1869 gave a fresh impetus to the development of agricult- ural resources in the county as well as to busi- ness generally in the city. Better facilities for commerce were just what the people needed, and the completion of this short branch of the railroad was hailed with delight by every body having the least interest in the growth of the county. In 1870 the anchorage for vessels touching at this harbor was nearly five miles from Wil- mington, in San Pedro Bay, and about one mile from Dead Man's Island. During that year, however, Government engineers examined the bay carefully, and reported to the Government. The result was the adoption of plans for the Construction of a breakwater and other improve- ments, and for projier dredging, etc., to make an inner harbor. The inner harbor was known as Wilmington Bay, having an area of nearly 1,200 acres, and a narrow entrance from the outer bay between the main land and Rattlesnake Island. From this island to the rocky pile called Dead Man's Island, one and a quarter miles, the Bay of San Pedro was comparatively shallow, except in a narrow channel near Dead Man's Island. Timms's Points was the nearest point to this channel on the main land. The improvements decided upon by the Gov- ernment included a training wall from Rattle- snake to Dead Man's Island, closing the old channel; and another wall from Timms's Point to Dead Man's Island, establishing the channel between the latter wall and the island. These walls form a channel 500 to 800 feet wide, con- necting the outer witli the inner bay, the latter having an area of over 1,100 acres. Lumber vessels, and all but two or three of the larger steamships coming to this port, reach the wharf at San Pedro at high tide. Vessels that cannot reach the dock find safe anchorage about two mil s outside. Further imnrovements th harbor are greatly needed, and some are now in progress, carried on not only by the Government, but by railroad companies having important interests there. Congress recently made an additional appropriation of $500,000 for improvements at San Pedro Harbor. WILMJNGTON. The village of Wilmington was laid in 1858, by General Phineas Banning, and named by him in honor of his Eastern city, Wilmington, Delaware. It flourished until the Southern Pacific Railroad was completed to San Pedro, since which time it has not been able to com- pete with that point. a little further down the coast, is becoming a noted resort, and at present is specially adver- tised by the Methodists as a camping-ground. The village is located upon a smooth plateau which slopes gently down to the water. From any portion of the town a charming view greets the eye. At low tide the beach is hard, smooth and level for seven or eight miles, constituting a perfect boulevard upon which twenty teams can be driven abreast, and their hoofs heard to clatter as if on a solid turnpike. Long Beach has an intelligent and refined class of citizens, excellent public schools, four church societies, no saloons, enterprising busi- ness men, and a live newspaper, the Long Beach Journal. IIISTOIIY VF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. CHAPTER XXII. SANTA MONICA. fHIS place is one of the most charming seaside )•► sorts. The location of the town is on a level plateau, between whicli and the ocean there is a perpendicular descent of about 100 feet. At the foot of the bluff stretches a long line of beach, well adapted to siirf-bath- ing; and it is this delightfully invigorating pastime which makes Santa Monica so popular. The place is reached by a branch of the South- ern Pacific, and the new Los Angeles County Railroad between Los Angeles and Santa Mon- ica. The Santa Fe also is expected to throw a branch into the town soon. It is estimated that during the bathing season 2,000 people per day, on an average, visit Santa Monica, and on Sun- days the number is much larger. There are several liotels, the largest being the Arcadia, and the large bath-houses upon the beach. A wharf is also to be built. The permanent pop- ulation of the town is about 1,500. The sur- roundings of the place are e.xceedingly pictur- esque. From almost any portion of town one can enjoy a most delightful view of mountains, foot-hills, and plain and ocean. This town was founded, in 1875, by United States Senator John P. Jones and Colonel R. S. Baker. Three miles up the coast is the famous Santa Monica Caiion, a very romantic spot, where visitors enjoy the wild beauties of nature. TUE soldiers' noME. One of the great institutions of Los Angeles County is the National Soldiers' Home, located about fifteen miles from the city and four miles from S inta Monica Beach, with both of whicli places it is in communication by the Los An- geles County Railroad. It is a national home for disabled volunteer soldiers. When the man- agers appointed by the Government to locate such an institution on the Pacitic Coast visited Los Angeles, they were hospitably received and entertained by the city council, the board of trade and others. They had visited and inspected other counties in California, and received tempting offers from some of them; but it remained for Los Angeles County to secure the coveted prize. A tract of 300 acres, with a sufficient water right (the water coming from the mountains), and thirty acres additional, for a reservoir, were offered free; and an adjoining tr^ct of 300 acres was set aside for sale and guaranteed to yield $100,- 000 in cash, to be applied to the improvement of the grounds. Congress appropriated $190,- 000 for the erection of buildings, and the work IIItSTOUY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. was speedily begun. At tliis date they are com- pleted. Here are four barracks, each 50 .\ 200 feet, affording quarters for 125 men; a residence for the surgeons and other officials, an imposing building of two stories, with a lofty tower, and with accommodations for 2,010 men. The ar- rangement of this building is unique, tiie kitchen being in the second story, the fian tries and serving-rooms on the ground floor, and sculleries in the basement, all connected by five elevators. The ground is a gentle slope toward the south, and this building crowns the emi- nence. Immediately in front is a large lawn, with music pavilion and flagstafl'. On either hand are twenty-live barracks, so arranged as to secure the maximum amount of sunlight, while the porches are sheltered from the cool trade- winds. In a depression of thirty five feet below the general level of the slope are the boiler- house and laundry, from which the other build- ings are heated by steam, and to which the sewage is conveyed, to be removed by steam ])umps. A hospital in the shape of a cross, 450x50 feet and 200x50 feet, with accommo- dations for about 500 patients, occupies a con- spicuous position. There are also commissary and quartermaster's buildings, headquarters building, treasurer's residence, memorial build- ing and guard-house. A side track from the railroad runs to the laundry, boiler-house and commissary buildings, and a grand boulevard from Los Angeles to Santa Monic;i will pass through the grounds. The reservoir among the hills constitutes a charming little artificial lake. CoMFfON was laid out in 1869, and named in honor of G. D. Compton, then the sole resident. It is eleven miles south of Los Angeles, on the Wilmington Branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad. The distinctive industry is butter and cheese making. Deciduous fruits and ber- ries of many kinds are also raised successfully here, though it is not considered a first-class region for the culture of citrus fruits. Downey is the center of a rich farming land. In 1855, Don Antonio Maria Lugo, owner of San Antonio Rancho, nearly 30,000 acres, lying between Los Angeles City and the San (Tabriel River, and finally granted to him in 1838, par- titioned the satue — reserving a homestead for himself — among his sons, Jose Maria, Felipe, Jose del Carmen, Vicente, Jose Antonio, and daughters, Dofia Vicenta Perez, Dofia Maria Antoiiia Yorba, and Dona Merced Foster. In 1860, Dona Merced Foster and Don Vicente Lugo sold their respective portions to parties who immediately resorted to sub-division and sales in small lots. The first deed is from Isaac Heiman, dated June 21, 1865, to David Ward; followed by several other sales in 1865 and 1866 to Jameson and others. But before this Governor John G. Downey had commenced the sul)-di vision of Santa Gertrudes Rancho, lying along the San Gabriel River, and contain- ing near 22,000 acres. His first deed is of date April 22, 1865, to J. II. Burke. Others fol- lowed to Neighbors and Hutchinson, and many afterward. This last is the locality known as Los Nietos. It had a settlement of over 200 persons in 1836, broken up subsequently. Here is Downey City, twelve miles southeast from Los Angeles — a newsjMper, business houses, a happy circle of farmers, with good title, upon a soil as rich as can be found on the face of the earth. This, with all the river land, and into El Monte, is our "corn county," emphatically. Whittieu is a village founded by a body of Quakers from Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, who own ai'ouud the town a large body of land. It is twelve miles east of Los Angeles, and has an elevation of about 1,500 feet. All kinds of fruit and grain known to Southern California can be raised here. There is a commodious Friends' meeting-house, a public school, and a prospective college that is to be under the con- trol of Friends. Santa Fe Springs is a neat village, with a Methodist Episcopal church, school-house, etc. This place has become famous on account of its iron-sulphur wells. There are a half-dozen wells here that contain water rich in medicinal vir- tues. This town is twelve miles from Los An- II I STORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. geles, and connecteci with Los Aiijjeles by the San Diego branch of the California Central Railroad! NoKWALK, in this township, is a flourishing village, seventeen miles from Los Angeles, on the Santa Ana branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad. There are numerous artesian wells, alfalfa tields and corn-tields. Thoroughbred stock is protitably and extensively raised. Near this place is the site of the oldest ostrich farm in America, established by Dr. C. J. Sketchel in the fall of 1882, who brought about twenty- flve of the birds direct from the Cape of Good Hope. Several other such farms have since been established in this State. San Gabriel is a very old town, nine miles from Los Angeles, on the Southern Paciflc Rail- road. One mile from this town is the Sunny Slope Vineyard, which was sold to an English company for three-fourths of a million dollars. The place has long been noted for its salubrious climate and aged people. For the mission, see under head of '-Missions." Alhambka is also a beautiful jjlace. It has an elegant hotel, a bank, a school house, several churches, and orchards of almost every variety of fruits — apricots, nectarines, apples, pears, plums, guavas, oranges, lemons and limes. Near Alhambra is the winery of the San Ga- briel Wine Company, said to be the largest building of the kind in the world. Lamanda Pakk is a place with stores and other village accessories. This is the nearest station to the Sierra Madre Villa, a noted hotel for tourists. Kinneyloa, the ranch of the Hon. Abbott Kinney, is near this point. It contains one of the largest orange orchards in California. siKKKA madre. N. C. Garter, the god father of Sierra Madre, stood first at the christening, ajid, thus far, stands first in its history. Sierra Madre is a scion of the world-famous Santa Anita Rancho, belonging to the no less famous E. J. Baldwin, one of the several-times millionaire pioneers of California. In February, 1881, Mr. Carter purchased 1,100 acres of the choicest portion of the beauti- ful Santa Anita Rancho, which was then in its original wild state, a tract sloping from the Sierra Madre Mountains gently to the south, partially covered by magnificent oak trees, and backed by numerous springs and streams of purest mountain water. It was immediately surveyed into smaller tracts of twenty, forty, and eighty acres, for the location of self-sustain- ing and healthful homes. From abundant springs in the mountains immediately north of the oft- styled '> model colony," a large main brought a bounteous supply of the purest soft snow water to the tract, where distributing pipes received and conveyed it to the highest portion of every lot and building site. And it is in this matter of water supply that Sierra Madre claims prece- dence over many of her most enterprising sister settlements. The water right runs with the realty. Land at this early period sold at $50 to $65 per acre. The pioneers were John Rich- ardson, James Smith and Mr. Bailey. The first purchasers of land were K. D. Trussell, A. Gregory, Miss Fannie II. Hawks, Messrs. Bur- lingame. Cook, Hosmer, Pierce, White, Row- land, Clements, Seaman, Spalding, etc. The next year, 1882, was a busy one. Mr. Carter, above mentioned, built and donated to the public a school-house; also erected the Ocean View House, which was opened for business by J. E. Richardson; and many other buildings were erected, and a postoffice was established. E. T. Pierce was the first teacher. During 1883-'84 there settled here Mrs. C. B. Jones, previously City Superintendent of Schools of Los Angeles; Professor John Hart, a musician ; W. B. Crisp, W. H. Robinson, Messrs. Andrews, Wilson, Hook, Jones and Hilton. The first marriage in the place was that of E. B. Jones to Miss Winona Trussell, March 7, 1883. This year at least twenty-five new cottages were built. In 1884 the present school-house was built, costing about $3,000. And this year ar- rived Dr. F. C. Gresham and Messrs. Stein- berger, Ayles, Lewis and Davis. 338 HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. During the winter of 1885-'86, Mrs. K. E. Ross erected and donated to the public a fine library building. Also, this season the town hall was built, at a cost of $5,000. In 1886 the Santa Fe Railroad was completed to this point, and the boom went forward in earnest. The community here is made up of citizens of intelligence, culture and enterprise, many of them of wealth. Some of their homes are pala- tial, as "Carterhia" of N. C. Carter, " Alta- mont" (P. T. Reed's), "Piedmont" (A. D. Trutisel's), the residence of J. H. Outhwaite, etc. THE SIEKKA MADKE VISTA. This })aper was established and the first num- ber issued March 17, 1888, by Lucius T. House as editor and proprietor, and conducted by him until April, 1889, when his two sons, William M. and Ralph E., entered into partnerbhip with him, and it has since been conducted by the firm of Lucius T. House & Sons. This paper is published every Friday at Sierra Madre, and is one of the brightest and best edited papers in the county outside of the city of Los Angeles. It is emphatically a home paper, a clean, moral and healthfid publication, particularly devoted to the interests and welfare of Sierra Madre and vicinity. It is a marvel of typographical beauty in appearance, and shows a care and at- tention in its every detail that well merits the hearty support it receives. Lucius T. House was born in Macon County, Alabama, June 0, 1844. His father, William H. House, a native of Tennessee, was a pioneer of Alabama, and identified with its early history. He served as a soldier under General Jackson in many of his campaigns, and was in his command at the battle of New Orleans. He was a political adherent and comrade of David Crockett and with him was a bitter oppo- nent (politically) of General Jackson. He was an Indian agent in the early days of Alabama, and at one time summarily executed a number of savages who had ambushed and slain a party of his friends and neio'hbors. He died in 1845. Mr. House's mother, nee Nancy T. Franklin, was a native of Georgia. She died in Tennes- see in 1883. The subject of this sketch was reared upon a cotton plantation until about eleven years of age. He was then apprenticed to the trade of a printer; and at the age of six- teen years started in life as a journeyman in his trade. Upon the breaking out of the war of the Rel)ellion, although but seventeen years of age, he entered the Confederate service as a private in Company B, First Alabama Infantry. After one year of service in that regiment he re-enlisted in the famous Robertson's Light Battery, commanded by Captain (afterward General) Felix H. Robertson. Mr. House served faithfully, and besides various unimpor- tant engagements near Pensacola and other places, was with his battery at the battles of Shiloh, Farmington, Stone River, Chickamauga and Mission Ridge. In the latter battle he was taken prisoner and sent to Rock Island, Illinois, where he remained in confinement until the close of the war. Upon the restoration of peace, Mr. House concluded to try his fortunes in the West, and worked at his trade in Kansas, Colorado and other places until 1877. He then came to California and located at Los Angeles, where he remained nearly two years, after which he was engaged at his trade in San Francisco, and in Placer and Sacramento coun- ties until January, 1888. He then returned to Los Angeles County and established his resi- dence in Sierra Madre; and in March of that year commenced the publication of the Sierra Madre Vista. He is a thorough master of his calling and has made a success of his enterprise. By his straightforward course and consistent mode of life he has gained the respect of the community. Mr. House has been twice mar- ried and is the father of two sons and one daughter. The eldest, William M., was born in Ottawa, Kansas, February 28, 1867. He is a practical printer, having become a member of the Typographical Union at eighteen years of age. After spending about two years in Mex- ico in assaying and mining he returned home in STORY OF LOS ANGi and is now (1889) in partnership witli his fatlier. Tiie second son, Ralph E.. was born in Lawrence, Kansas, October 28, 1872. He is also a nieinlier of the lirni of Lucius T. House ik. Sons. Tlie daughter, Beatrice 15., was born February 4, 1880. El Montk. The arrival of the emigrants in El Monte ij;ave the first decided impulse to agri- culture in this county, encf»urage(l business in the city of Los Auijeles, and ever since has aided it materially. Tliis tract lies along the San Gabriel River, twelve miles east of the city. The soil in general does not need irrigation. There is much of interest in its history. Suf- fice it to say, society is as well organized as in any part of the United States. The settlers of 1851, July, were Ira W. Thompson, Samuel M. Heath, Dr. Obed Macy and son, Oscar Macy, now residing in this city, F. "W. Gibson, Nicho- las Smith, J. Coburn, J. Sheldon, Chis- holm, and Mrs. John Rowland, who now resides at Puente. Fifty odd families came in the year 1852, or early in 1853. We can mention but a few belonging to these two years: J. A. John- son, William B. Lee, Samuel King and three sons (one of them Andrew J. King, Esq., of Los Angeles City), Dr. T. A. Mayes, S. Bennett, A. Bacon, W. J. Willis, Edinond Tyler and two sons, John Thurman and seven sons, David Lewis, William Rubottom, Ezekiel Rubottom, Samuel Thompson, Charles Cunningham, John Guess; Cudderback, Boss, the Hildreths. Jona- than Tibbetts came November 27, 1853; in 1852 Thomas A. Garey, since become the great horticulturist of this county. The people at El Monte and in the vicinity are mostly from the Southern States, and generally engage in raising corn, hogs and cattle. Adjoining El Monte, on the east, lies La Puente Rancho,of 48,790 acres, granted July 22, 1845, to John Rowland and William Workman. Only a few miles further eastward is the fertile valley of San Jose, Los Nogales Ranchito, about 500 acres, granted March 13, 1840, to Jose de la Cruz Linares; and next, San Jose de Palo- niares, of 22,720 acres, granted in the year 1837 to Ricardo Vejar, Ignacio Palomares and Luis Arenas. The grand railway trunk of tiie South- ern Pacific runs through it to-day. It formed a connected settlement for several miles from near Rowland's, chiefly of New Mexicans. This was a colony which John Rowland gathered at Taos, Albuqnerque and other pueblos of New Mexico in 1841. Under the leadership of Don Santiago Martinez they accompanied Mr. Row- land in t at year to California. A portion of them under Don Lorenzo Trujillo planted thenrseives at Agua Mansa, on the Santa Ana River, six miles south of San Bernardino, the rest in this valley. Time has made many changes since 1850, but has well tested the productiveness of its soil, upon which towns begin to flourish — Spadra, Pomona. Mildew never afl^ected the wheat of San Jose. Long after 1850 were to be seen the adobe ruins of the great granaries which the padres built in front of William Workman's dwelling, to store the grain harvested on the plain of La Puente. The original settlement exists, missing many whose kindness memory cherishes — Ybarras, Alvarados, Martinez and others. Aecadi.\ is a new town that was phitted and sold by Mr. Unruh. It is in the center of Mr. Baldwin's possessions, and is the scene of con- siderable activity. Much of the land contiguous to the village has been sold for small fruit farms. Santa Anita is two miles west. Monrovia, two miles east of Arcadia, was founded by W. N. Monroe, and is a place of wonderful growth. It contains Methodist Epis- copal and Baptist churches, a school-house that cost $15,000, two lines of street-cars, large hotels under excellent management, two banks with large capital, large business blocks, in which merchants are doing a thriving business, and beautiful homes surrounded by semi-tropical plants and productive orchards. Monrovia is especially commended as a health resort. It is sixteen miles from Los Angeles, and lies close to the base of the Sierra Madre Mountains. It has an elevation of about 1,200 feet, but the victim of lung disease will do best if he can have HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. his own cottage, flower garden and carriage, so that he may lead a life independent of hotels, and completely separated from other invalids. Glendale, a ])retty little town, with churches, school-houses, and other evidences of an intel- lectual population, is about eight miles north of the city of Los Angeles, with which it is con- nected by a "dummy" railway. In this village is one of the largest peach orchards in the State. In West Glendale, adjoining the town of Glendale, is a large ostrich farm. The raising of ostriches has proved a very protitable industry in Southern Calitornia. There are large num- bers of these birds at this Glendale farm. They iue kept for their feathers, and the revenue ficm each bird, in the sale of its feathers, is large. The young birds are hatched by " iticu- l.aturs." ^'ewhall, thirty miles from Los Angeles, has an elevation of 1,265 feet. The winters are cooler than in the southern part of the county, and tlie summers are somewhat warmer. While this region is not so generally known as the southern part, yet it is very healthful, and should be particularly sought by persons suffering from lung diseases. The atmosphere is so dry that vast quantities of fruit are brought here by rail to sun-dry. Grapes are successfully raised throughout this section, and there is little doubt but that it will ultimately become a raisin-grape producing country. ^iot far from Xewhall are extensive petro- lenm deposits, partly in Ventura County. The following historical sketch is from the report of Sutherland Hutton: " The first eflbrt that promised success toward the development of our petroleum deposits was made by a Pennsylvania company in 1862, headed by Tom Scott. This company bored a hole on the Camulos Eanch, in Ventura County, and at 800 i'eet secured a quantity of black oil, which they endeavored to refine in a still erected near the spot; at this time illuminating oil was worth from §2.50 to $3.00 per gallon in Los Angeles, and a chance for a handsome margin was excellent, but this operation failed princi- pally for the reason of lack of knowledge for refining and the sudden drop in price of oil in Pennsylvania. From this time on until 1876 but little effort was made. AVhat oil was pro- duced from tunnels and shallow wells in small quantities found its way to the gas-works or was used for a lubricator. In this year the Star Oil Company commenced operations in the Pico Canon, San Fernando district, and was soon followed by E. McPherson and C. N. Felton. These operations were rewarded handsomely, and the different companies soon after consoli- dated under the name of the Pacific Coast Oil Company. " The year 1876 also saw the organization of a company to operate in what is known as the Sespi Oil Region, about thirty miles west of San Fernando district, which was composed of citi- zens of this city and known as the Los Angeles Oil Company. They were successful, and their first well produced for a time 125 barrels of oil every twenty-four hours. This well was lost some years later, through ignorance, and the company ceased operations. " Owing to the lack of demand, the producing of oil remained stagnant for a period of years up to 1884:. From that time until the present much greater, activity was displayed and the opening up of anew district in the Puente Hills, twenty miles east of this city, still further in- creases the vast field for development. "The immediate cause of this activity was the demand for fuel oil. The organization in March, 1885, of the Los Angeles Oil Burning and Supply Company, for the purpose of intro- ducing this liquid fuel, both for manufacturing and domestic purposes, sold in the first year 137,000 gallons of the distilled product, which was used solely for domestic fuel through the medium, of their patent burners." Sax Fernando is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad, twenty-one miles from Los Angeles; it has an elevation of 1,061 feet. Tiie climate is delightful and the situation beautiful. Between this town and the mountains, one mile away, is a grand, rolling plain, which is pretty UISTOHY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. well occupied by cozy homes. Hon. Charles Maclay laid out the present town of San Fer- nando in 1874. In April of that year a free excursion train was run from Los Angeles to at- tend the first auction sale of town lots. The lots sold at prices ranging from $6 to §20. The village contains a neat, substantial Methodist Episcopal church, a commodious, at- tractive public school building, and a large three- story brick hotel. San Fjrnain-lo is tlie location of the Maclay Theological College of the Uni- versity of Southern California. Senator Maclay has endowed this institution with $150,000. He also erected the buildings at a cost to himself of $50,000 more. They were finished and occupied early in 1888. This institution is under the control of the Southern California Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This section is watered by artesian wells and mountain streams. Wheat and barley never need artificial watering, but fruit trees demand some irrigation. San Fernando is forty minutes by rail from Los Angeles, and there are several trains each way daily. The Southern Pacific Railroad, in going from the town of San Fernando to the town of New- hall, passes through a tunnel one and one-third miles long, with two exceptions the longest on the Western Continent. San Fernando Town- ship was formerly a ranch of nearly 125,000 acres, and belonged to General Andres Pico, i who made the treaty with General Fremont at Cahuenga in 1847. General Pico sold the ranch in 1846 to Eulogio F. de Cells for $14,000, I and in 1853 he repurchased one-half of it for $15,000. This ranch has since 1876 been one immense wheatfield, and although subdivided and belong- ing in tracts of a few thousand acres to a num- ber of owners, yet it has still remained almost exclusively a wheat-producing territory, some of the fields comprising not less than 20,000 acres. These immense tracts, however, are rapidly being subdivided into small farms of five to 160 acres, which insures a more rapid de- velopment of the county's resources and a greater diversity of products. The same is true of large ranclios in many otlier portio:is of the county. In about the center of tiiis township is the Mission of San Fernando Key, founded in 1797. in honor of F'erdinand V., King of Castile and Aragon. Tlie old cliurch i)uiidiiig is now a picturesque ruin, as are many otiier buildings formerly connected with the Mission, while others are yet well preserved. One of the most prosperous and picturesque mountain resorts in Southern California is Monte Vista, situated in a beautiful, fertile valley, be- tween the Verdugo and Sierra Madre Mountains. Monte Vista is twenty miles north of Los An- geles, and four miles east of Monte Vista Station, on the Southern Pacific Railroad. Glendora. — Among the several towns which skirt the foot hill slopes of the S m Gabriel Val- ley, the gem of Los Angeles County, Glendora is one of the most beautifully situated. Built on a gentle southern slope at the foot of the Sierra Madre range of mountains, 700 to 900 feet above the sea-level, and near the he;id of the valley, it commands a charming view of the entire valley, embracing many square miles. Glendora is twenty-seven miles east of Los An- geles, on the main transcontinental line of the Atchison, Topeka & Smte Fe Railroad. It was founded by Mr. George Whitcomb, a Chicago manufacturer, and a gentleman of energy, wealth and culture, who came to Southern California for the improvement of his own and his family's health, and being highly pleased with the cli- mate and beauty of the San Gabriel Valley, purchased a tract of 200 acres of land, and asso- ciating with himself Merick Reynolds, .John W. Cook, and his two sons, Carrol S. and William C. Whitcomb, as the Glendora Land Company, and adding more land to the original purchase, laid out the town of Glendora. The name -se- lected for the place is a happy combination of the word glen and the last pirt of Mrs. Whit- comb's name — Ledora. About 300 acres were surveyed off in town lots, of which some 300 were sold at the first sale on the last of Marcdi, HISTORY OF LOS AJUGELES COUNTY. 1887, the papers being executed on the first day of April. Mr. Whitcomb, who has been at the head of the enterprise, has made every improve- ment with the idea of periiianency and tlie future welfare of the place in view. Six broad, well-graded avenues extend from the mount- ains southward to the railroad, and these are crossed at right angles by nine fine avenues, comprising in all over eight miles of streets, each one of which is bordered on both sides by pretty evergreen pepper-trees, planted and cared for by Mr. Whitcomb at the expense of the company. The water supply for the town comes from the Big Dalton Canon, and has been developed by the Glendora Water Company, with a paid \ip capital stock of $50,000, who have constructed two lai'ge tunnels under the canon, one over 1,200 and the other 600 feet long. Two large storage reservoirs, of nearly 2,000,000 gallons capacity, receive this pure mountain water from two and a half miles of ten-inch cement supply pipe. The water is distributed from these reservoirs along every strtet through the best wrought-iron water pipe, with a vertical pressure of eighty feet, sufticient to force it over the top of any building in the place. The water supply is ample for domestic purposes of a considerable larger population, but not for general irrigation. Glendora has had a prosperous, steady growth up to the present season; between 700 and 800 lots have been sold, and the town now contains seventy-two residences, business and public build- ings, including a fine two-story school-building of four rooms, erected at a cost of nearly $10,500; a handsome hotel of some twenty rooms, built by the company at a cost of over $7,000; two churches — a Methodist Episcopal and a Chris- tian church — costing about $3,000 each. The first dwelling built after the town was laid out was erected by Edward Humphrey, and the first business house was built by Messrs. A. E. and J. P. Englehart, who are now one of the leading mercantile firms of the town. Glendora contains two dry-goods stores, one of which also carries groceries, and the other clothing; one hardware one furniture, and one drug store, a n)illinfcry store, and a new fruit-drying establishment, all of which are doing a fair and prosperous busi- ness. The altitude of the town site places it within the warm or thermal belt, and renders it almost entirely free from frosts, and its distance (thirty-five miles) from and height above the ocean render it compai'atively free from fogs, wiiile the land-tempered sea breezes make the climate mild, salubrious, and exceptionally healthful. As no saloons or other resorts of questionable character are allowed in the town, the community is pervaded by a healthy moral atmosphere. The attention of the citizens in and about Glendora is being directed to the cul- tivation of fruits, particularly oranges and raisin grapes, peaches and apricots, for which the cli- mate and soil are well adapted. Fruit-growing promises to become the principal industry of that locality. Mr. Whitcomb is boring for oil on the town site, having reached a depth of 1,883 feet at this date (August 20, 1889), and purposes to con- tinue 300 to 500 leet further unless kerosene is struck before. He has expended about $18 000 in the enterprise up to this time, and entertains strong hope of success. Ai.osTA. — This place lies adjoining Glendora on the south, and was started as a rival town about the same time — in 1887, by Messrs. George Guard, Underwood and Washburn, un- der the corporate title of the Alosta Land and Water Company. The town plat consisted of eighty acres lying on both sides of the railroad. A fine two-story hotel containing over fifty rooms was erected in the spring and summer of 1887, S. C. Correll biing the builder and secur- ing an interest in the property for his work. The structure was well built and cost nearly $16,000. A smaller hotel, two or three stores and some other business buildings were erected near the railroad track; quite a number of lots were sold by the comjiany and some twelve or fifteen cottages were built about over the town HISTORY OF LOS AN G ELKS VOUNTY. site. In the contest between tlie two rival towns for the depot building Glendora won; the projectors of Alusta were non-residents, while Glendora liad an able and energetic managing head in the person of Mr. Whitcoinb; the one was a real-estate speculation, the other was founded for a permanent and prosperous settle- ment. Alosta Hotel was nicely furnished, and after having several proprietors successively it was vacated and the furniture sold ofi", and the building ofl'ered for sale at about one-third its original cost. Two of the stores have been moved away and tiie remaining business build- ings are all vacant. The water supply for Alosta is obtained from Little Dalton Canon, and is piped direct to the consumers, there having been no storage reservoir built. AzusA is situated on the trans-continental line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Rail- road, twenty-two miles east of Los Angeles, thirty miles from the Pacific Ocean and near the east end of the beautiful San Gabriel Valley, that portion of it being locally named Aznsa Valley. The town is located upon a gently sloping plateau at an altitude of about 800 feet, near the base of the Sierra Madre Range, and a mile directly south of the mouth of the canon through which the San Gabriel River escapes from the embrace of the mount- ain fastnesses in its tumultous flight from Old Baldy to the sea. Azusa was founded by a company of Los Angeles capitalists, with J. S. Slauson as president, who bought the site as a real-estate investment and laid out the town, consisting of eighty blocks of twenty-four to fifty lots each, on April 1, 1887. The streets lie with the points of the compass, crossing eaeli other at right angles, and are from sixty to 100 feet in width; 1,000 feet of excellent cement sidewalks, constructed at a cost of $15,000, line the principal streets. The business houses of the place embrace dry goods, drugs, clothing, groceries and provision, shoe-s, hardware, books and stationery, furniture, bakery, and meat mar- ket, a fine livery stable, and one of tiie most commodious and best managed hotels in Los Angeles County, kept by S. F. DeVoin. The Azusa S'ews, an eight-page local paper of four columns to the page, is published every Saturday by George Bentley ; E. O. Judd, Editor. The News was started by its present publisher in Los Angeles January 4, 1886, as a real estate and hotel reporter. It was subsequently changed to a seven-column folio, weekly newsjiaper, and in the s|)ring of 1888 was moved to Azusa, where it has been published ever since. The office is fitted out with a good hand-power news- paper press, a jobber and other printing mate- rial constituting a well equipped country office. A new four-room school building has just been completed, costing about ^10,000. The town contains three churches: The Presbyterian, a fine edifice which cost some $G,000; tiie Method- ist Episcopal, costing $1,000, and the church of the Holiness Society, erected at an expense of about $1,200. The town also has a city hall and a prosperous public library. The near proximity of the San Gabriel River to Azusa gives it an abundant water supply, which is distributed from a mammoth reservoir of 2,000,000 gallons capacity, seventy-five feet above the town, through the streets in pipes aggregating 55,800 feet in length. By closing the gates of tlie irrigating canal liigher up, a water pressure of 150 feet is obtained, sufiicient to flood the roof of any building in the place. The principal streets of the town are sewered, which, with fine natural drainage and equitable climate common to the foot-hills of San Gabriel Valley, render Azusa a remarkably healthy place. In the immediate vicinity of the town large quantities of strawberries are grown, which are noted for their superior qualities. Citrus and deciduous fruits of various kinds are also produced in quantity. Fifty car-loads of oianges were shipped from Azusa this last season. The potato crop is one of the staple productions, and is shipped extensively. Azusa, like all the young towns of Southern California, is suflering from the blighting eft'ects of the recent speculative HTSTORY OP LOS ANOELES COUNTY. booin, but a brighter future awaits it upon the lifting of the financial cloud, through rifts of which prosijerity's sun already shines. DuAETE is a settlement upon the southern foot-hill slope of the Sierra JVladre Mountains in the San Gabriel Valley, eighteen miles east of Los Angeles, and 600 feet above the sea. It takes its name from Andres Duarte, a Mexi- ciin military officer, who received from the Mex- ican Government a grant of some 4,000 acres of land, of which this is a part, and settled upon it some time in the Forties. He built a fine adobe dwelling, planted a small vineyard and some iruit trees, and dug a water ditcli to tlie mouth of Gabriel Canon. Proving un- successiul as a farmer, he became involved in debt, and the Eancho Azusa de Duarte, as it was called, passed into the hands of Mr. Wolf- skill, and from him to Alexander Weil. About twenty-tive years ago Dr. A. Beardslee, a keen- eyed discerner of good soil, selected and pur- chased a choice piece of 300 acres from the rancho, and known as the Beardslee Tract, on which he settled. He performed the great work of constructing a ditch three miles in length, connecting liis land with the old Duarte ditch. In 1872 Alexander Weil had the remainder of the rancho surveyed and subdivided into forty- acre lots, which he sold to settlers who began to come in quite rapidly about that time. Mr. Asa Ellis bought 200 acres and planted the first orange orchard in the Duarte district. It being quickly demonstrated that the climate and soil were adapted to the growth of citrus fruits, many thousands of trees were planted on the foot-hill lands within the few years follow- ing. Gradually the orchards came into bearing lands, rose in value, and Duarte had fairly started on the prosperous career which it has since en- joyed. Duarte oranges and lemons stand at the head in quality and popularity of the citrus fruits grown in Los Angeles County. The area in orchard and quantity of product has been steadily increased until over 100 carloads of oranges were shipped from Duarte last season, besides those sold for local consumption. Up to 1878 the Duarte people had claimed one- half the water from the San Gabriel River; but a serious controversy arising between them and the Azusan settlers over their respective water rights, the dispute was finally and permanently settled by Duarte accepting one-third of the flow. In 1881 the water rights of the Duarte settlers were consolidated into two incorpora- tions — the Beardslee Water Ditch Company, representing the district of that name, and the Duarte Mutual Irrigation and Canal Company, thus embracing the greater portion of irrigable land in the rancho. Since then improvements and more economical methods for conducting and distributing the water are being continu- ously adopted, in the putting in of miles of iron and cement pipes, until the water supply and distribution in Duarte are among the best in Southern California. Duarte contains two general stores, a drug store, the Highland Hotel, a handsome structure of over thirty rooms, built and owned by the Duarte Hotel Company. It was erected in 1887, at a cost of about $15,000, and stands on a commanding site comprising two acres and a half of beau- tifully ornamented grounds. Duarte's public- school accommodations consist of a two-story four-room building, erected in 1885, and costing about $5,000. The number of pupils enrolled during the school year of 1888-'89 was 115. The district of Duarte contains but one church edifice, which was built by the Baptists in 1883, and cost $2,700. It was sold to the Methodist society some two years ago. They still own it and worship in it. A. Brunson started the first store in Duarte about 1877. It has since changed hands several times, and is now owned by W. H. Payne & Co., who also have a small store down by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe depot, three-quarters of a mile south. Be- sides the citrus fruits, considerable area is cul- tivated in Duarte to deciduous fruits, chiefly the apricot and wine grape. The apricot crop of the district in 1889 was 7,500 tons. The Duarte is not only one of the j)rettiest sections, but one of the most fruitful and prosperous in HISTORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Los Angeles County, and its citizens are ener- getic, intelligent and progreseive. Lancaster, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, is a flourishing little place, supported by a pros- perous agricultural and horticultural coiTiinunity. In 1884-'85 M. L. Wicks took an interest in the town and established a newspaper, since which time the growth of the community has been more marked. Wilson's trail. This was made by B. D. Wilson up the Sierra Madre, on the summit of which is Wilson's Peak, where the largest telescope in the world is soon to be mounted, through the generosity of ex- JMayor E. F. Spence. Midway up is a cabin called the Ilalf-way House, where Wilson in pioneer times made the first shingles in the county. The scenery along the route is wild and picturesque. A company has been or- ganized to build a railroad to the top of this peak, 6,000 feet above sea level. A very large sanitarium will also probably be erected here. HISTORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. (^ ^^"^'^'^''^^^'^^J^^'^2^'^^^^ — ''•^-'-- t..-:^^ i^ :p ^fe]s gi;/#. CHAPTER XXIII. SPANISH LAND GRANTS. tS early as 17S4 Governor Pedro Pages granted to Manuel Nieto and Juan Maria Verdugo the temporary occupancy of the lands which they desired. In August, 1S02, the following ranches were mentioned in Los Angeles County: Nieto, Dominguez, the two Verdugos and Pelix. The Simi was held by Luis Peiia and Diego Pico, and Las Virgenes was held by Miguel Ortega. The Conejo Ranch was granted in 1S02 or 1803 to Jose Polanco and Ignacio Rodriguez. Warner says, in the Historical Sketch: "Sub se La Ballona Boca de Santa Boca de Playa La Brea Cahaega La Cafiada Canada de los Aliaos Cafiada de los Nogales B. Abila k. Stearne A. Duarte Heory Dalton A. Machado, et al. Ysldro revs, et al. E. Vejar ' A. J. Rocha, et al D. W. Alexan- der, et al. J. R. Scott, et al. .1. Serrano J. M. Aguilar Juan Temple 1 T, Sanchez, et al. J. Abila, etal. J. de la G. y Nor- 6,595.fi2 4,431.47 13,919.!I0 6,656,93 6,607.37 4,4.39.07 1,199 .■J6 27,054.36 ■1,219.34 4,439.05 I.os Covotes Jil £ncino El Escorpion Los Feliz La Habra Huerta de Cuati Isl. of S. Catalina Los Angeles City Lands Mission San Gabriel, lol lega Urban 48,571.56 Pico, etal. 4K,806.17 , Oea, etal. 4,460.73 -,109.65 Missi< M.T. Berdugo 6,647.46 Andres Pico, et al 6,fi98..'i7 V. Reid 128.26 J. M. Covarrnbias 45,8«).43 J.M. Flores 48,799 59 city of Los An- j geles 17,17J..37 1 Bp. .J. S. Alemany 55.23 Bp. J. S. Alemany 76.94 Bp. J. s. Alemany 190 69 E. de Cells 116,858.46 Maria de J. Gar- cia, et al. 1,003.67 J. L. Sepulveda, et al. 31,629.43 Passo de Bartolo, part of B. Gnirado 875.99 Paeso de Bartolo, part of Joaqiiin Sepiilveda 207.79 Passo de Bartolo, part of Pio Pico, et al. 8,991.22 Potrero de la Mission I. Valanzuela, et al. 90.00 V leja de San Gabriel \ Potrero de Felipe Lugo I San Fernando 1 San Gabriel Ex-Mission San Fernando Loe Nogales Los Paloe Verdes Aug. 2J, 1873 Aug. 29, 1874 Jane 6,1878 May 29, 1876 Dec. 8, 1873 .Julv 21, 18S2 Mar. 1,1879 April 15, 1873 Aug. 2, 1872 Aug. 1,1866 June 27, 1871 May 4, 1882 Dec. 7, 1867 May 22, 1873 June 15, 1871 Jan. 8, 1873 Mar. 9, 1875 Jan. 8, 1876 Dec. 11,1873 April 18, 1871 Dec. 4,1872 June 30, 1859 April 10, 1867 June 21, 1879 Aug. 4, 1875 Aug. 9, 1866 Dec. 4, 1875 Jnne 23, 1880 Morilla & Rome J. M. Sanchez R. Valanzuela, Providentia La Puentc Rincon de la Brea Rincon de los Beyes San Antonio San Antonio, or Bodeo de I Agnas M. R. V D. W. Alexander, et al. 4,064.33 Worham&RoIand 48,790.55 G. Ybarra 4,452.69 F. Higuera, et al. .3,127.89 A.M. Lugo 29,51.3.35 23.63 Dec. 4, 1875 Aug. 6, 1872 April 19, 1867 Nov. 14, 1864 Ang 27,1872 July 30, 1866 San Francisco 4,449.31 baFeliz,etal. 48,611.88 f Juan Silva 50.00 I H. P. Dorsey 50.41 I Michael White Jose Ledesma Tracts near San Gabriel \ J. P. de J. Conrt- I ney Francisco Sales 1 Daniel Sexton tJos^ Domingo San Francisquito Henry Dalton Jan Joaquin Josd .Sepiilveda i June 20, 1871 June 2(1, 1871 May 16, 1871 Ang. 23, 1871 May 30, 1867 Sept 19, 1867 San Jos^, addition to San Jog(? de Buenos Ayr San Pascual San Pascual San Pascual Dalton. Paloma & Vejar 22,340.41 Jan. 20, 1875 Dalton. Palomarcs & Vejar 4,430.64 Dec. 4, 1875 n u'ii./.T. jiiano July .5,1886 Feb. 12, 1S81 Apr. 8, 1863 D. Wilson B. D. Wilson Manuel Garflas Juan Gallardo .M. Domiuguez, et al. 708.57 13,693.93 700.00 NAHE OF GRANT. CONFIKMEE. ACRES. DATE OF PAT. San Rafael JulioBerdugo,etal.36,403..32 Jan. 28, 1882 San Vicente y Santa Monica R. SepOIveda 30,259-66 July 23, 1881 Sanla Anita Henry Dalton 13,319.06 Ang. 9 1866 San Gertrudes, part T. S. Colima 3,696.23 July 17; 1877 San (iertrades, part McFarland&Dow- iie.v 17,602.01 Ang. 19, 1870 Seusal Redondo A. L Abila 22,458.94 Ma?. 22, 1875 Simi J. de la G. y Nor- iega 113,009.21 June 29, 1865 Tajauta E. Abila 3,5.=)9.86 Jan. 8,1873 Temesaal R. dc la Ccesta 13,339.07 Sept. 13, 1871 Topanga Malibn Seqnil M. Keller 13.315.70 Ang. 29,1872 Tejunga D. W. Alexander, et al. 16,600.71 Oct. 19,1874 THE GREA T BOOM OF 1886-'87 The great real estate boom* of Los Angeles in 1886-'87 is certainly the most wonderful thing of its kind in the history of the Pacific Slope. Of course, nothing has excelled the great gold boom of '49 and '50, but in real-estate booms Los Angeles heads the list. There had been a small one comparatively eleven years before. The years 1872-'74 witnessed a general improve- ment in material matters. Immigration was steady, crops and markets were good, and real estate advanced in price. Its advancement marked it as a good investment for local capital, and in the winter of 1874-'75 a genuine boom began. Immigration in 1875 was large. Many bought land at the high prices then ruling, while others caught the fever, and bought largely, paying part cash and taking agreements to convey, or giving mortgages for balance of purchase price. In the fall of 1875 the Tem- ple & Workman Bank broke. This pricked the bubble, and realestate values burst. Men who had bought on credit suddenly found the money market stringent, and the four years that fol- lowed witnessed the efforts of many luckless land-holders to extricate themselves, ending in a number of instances in complete failure. The year 1876 witnessed a gradual diminution in the number and value of real-estate sales. In 1877 and 1878 it became something unusual to find a piece of property unmortgaged. Then came a period in which even the leaders could see no value in real estate; new loans could not be effected; high rates of interest prevailed, and the era of foreclosures began. In 1879 there •The word " boom " in this sense is probably taken from its use in the lumbering regions, and means a rushing forward, or an unnsnal display of energy in any direclion. HI8T0RT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. was no such thing as a market value for unim- proved property, and even productive real estate could not be sold for an amount on which it was actually yielding a liberal interest. During all this period of depression people had been economizing and working, pushing improvements and developing new industries, and the out-put of products in the j'ear 1880 arrested the downward tendency. The receipts for the crops of grain, wool, wine, honey and fruit and dairy products distributed among the producing classes an amount of capital, which was circulated with good effect, paying off mort- gages, and securing new loans, and making money easy. H. Ellington Brook tells well the story of the boom of '87: "Rail communication with the North was opened in 1877, but the boom did not really begin until 1881, when the Southern Pacific, which had gone on building east, met the Santa Fe at Deming. Then land began to rise, but not rapidly. People did not yet realize the value of land. They had no conception of what was coming. In 1882, when the Southern Pacific was opened to New Orleans, the popu- lation increased to about 15,000, and property began to stiffen in price. Values in Los An- geles and vicinity rose about twenty-five per cent, that year, the previous valuation having been very low. People continued to come, and in 1883 values doubled, while the population had increased to 25,000. The progress con- tinued through 1884 and into 1885. The Santa Fe road was on the way to Los Angeles, making another direct through road to the East. The Santa Fe reached Los Angeles in November, 1885, and after that it is difficult to follow the course of the boom, so rapid and immense was the advance. " People poured in by thousands, and prices of land climbed rapidly. Everybody that could find an office went into the real-estate business either as agents, as speculators or as operators. Tracts of land by the scores were cut up into lots. Auctions, accompanied by brass bands and free lunches, drew their crowds. At private sales lines were formed, before daybreak, in front of the seller's office, for fear there would not be enough lots to go around. As soon as a man sold out at a profit, in nine cases out of ten he reinvested. There was no lack of faith in the country. Some of the new towns laid out dur- ing this period outside of Los Angeles contained in themselves and their surroundings elements of solid worth, which insured their permanent progress. Others were merely founded on the credulity of the public and the general scramble for real estate, whatever and wherever it was. "The advances in values of real estate were astonishing. The best business property in Los Angeles, a corner on Main street, could have been bought in 1860 for $300 a front foot, in 1870 for $500, in 1880 for $1,000. Now it is valued at $2,500. For a lot on Main and Sixth, that was sold in 1883 for $20 a foot, $800 a foot was oflered last year. Acreage property rose in like proportion, and meantime popula- tion continued to pour in. "As Los Angeles city property began to reach prices which were then considered as being near the top notch, the boom in outside property was started. Great tracts of land were bought by speculators, and subdivided and sold in lots to suit purchasers. Some of the speculators were men of large capital, and some had next to none. They took their chances of coming out ahead, and nearly all of them did. New life was put in many small places previously settled, and many new enterprises were launched on land that had never been touched. Some of the land, which only a few years before could scarcely have been given away, but which has been shown, with proper cultivation, to be among the best, was bought at extremely low figures, but eligible land soon began to rise, in response to the large demand. Lands four miles outside the city limits of Los Angeles, that were sold for $1 an acre in 1868, rose to $1,000 an acre, in some cases. "Some of these lands were divided and sold without improvement, that work to be done HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. later; some were sold wliile improvements were going on; others were improved, and then sold. Water was the first great necessity — the first question broached by purchasers. Such streams as exist were made use of at once, ditches were dug, and the water turned in with branch ditches to tl.e various tracts. Dams were built in mountain gulclies, and great bodies of water stored. In some places artesian belts were dis- covered and put under contribution. Some lands were bought by colonies from the Atlan- tic States, and were improved by them. When a tract was laid out as a town site, the first thing usually done was to build a hotel. Ce- ment sidewalks, brick blocks, a public hall and a street railroad soon followed. A miniature city appeared, like a scene conjured up by Aladdin's lamp, where a few months ago the jack-rabbit sported and the coyote howled. Such a scene of transformation had never before been witnessed in the world. Old settlers, who had declared that land was dear at $5 an acre, looked aghast to see people tumbling over each other to secure lots at $500 each. Kew arrivals were charmed with the climate and surround- ings and determined to get a share of it before the shares gave out. Most of the purchases were made on the basis of one-third cash down, the balance in installments on six and twelve months' time. '•Such was the state of affairs in the spring of 1887. Up to that time the course of the boom, then some three years old, while tre- Jiiendously active, had been accompanied by reasonable restrictions as to future possibilities. The buyer had generally acquired some little idea of what he was purchasing, and had exer- cised some judgment in making his selections. In the summer of that year a crowd of outside speculators settled down upon Los Angeles like flies upon a bowl of sugar. Many of these came from Kansas City, where they had been through a .'chool of real-estate speculation. These men worked the excitement up to fever heat. They rode a willing horse to death, and crowded what would Jiave been a good, solid advance of prices for three years into as many months. Lauds at a distance of thirty miles or more from Los An- geles — land which was worthless for cultivation and possessed no surroundings to make it valua- j ble for any other purpose — was secured by the payment of a small installment, and under the excitement of glowing advertisements, brass bauds and the promise of immense improve- ments, lots were sold oif like hot cakes by scores and hundreds, to persons who, in many cases, had not even seen them, had but a vague idea of their location, and no idea at all of doing more with them than to sell them at a high profit before their second payments became due. This was during the summer, when things are unusually quiet in Los Angeles. The buyers were mostly our own people. "The great cry of the speculators was that every one should buy all he or she possibly could, to sell to the enormous crowd of land- hungry Easterners who would pour in that win- ter — the winter of 1887-'88. As a consequence every clerk, and waiter, and car-driver, and ser- vant girl scrimped and saved to make a first payment of one-third on a 50 by 150 lot in Southwest ' Hoomville,' or 'East San Giacomo,' or 'Rosenblatt,' or 'Paradiso,' or one of the j other hundred or more paper cities which j sprang up like mushrooms during the summer of 1887. Most of these town sites were not very attractive to look at, it is true, but that made small difFersnce, for very few buyers took the trouble to visit them, and they looked re- markably pretty on the lithographic views, with those grand old mountains in the rear and a still grander three-story hotel in the fore- ground. From October, 1886, to May, 1887, the monthly real-estate sales had been steadily rising irom $2,215,600 to $8,163,327. In June of the latter year they amounted to eleven and a half millioii dollars; in July to twelve mill- ions; in August to eleven and a half millions —a total of $35,067,880 in three months, and these what had always been the dullest months of the year, with very few visitors within our gates! This was the culmination of the boom. HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. It had been driven to death. Every one was loaded up with property and was a seller — at 33^ per cent, profit, or just double what he had paid. When there are nineteen sellers to one buyer the result cannot long remain in doubt, whether the commodity be wheat, or mining stocks, or real estate. " Natural causes produce their natural eftects in this instance, as in all others since the Cre- ator established gravitation as the prime law of the material universe. Sales began to fall oif. The brass bands ceased to exercise the same charm as of old; the free lunch was looked at askance, and the design of the (proposed) $100,000 hotel was subjected to more careful scrutiny. Some captious purchasers even went so far as to demand information about the geog- raphy of the 'town' and its water supply, while it is on record that one or two recent arrivals excited tlie scornful commiseration of the real-estate agents by inquiring what was going to support the town. In September, 1887, sales had dropped nearly a couple of millions, to $9,872,948; in October to $8,120,- 486, and in November, just when the real win- ter boom ought to have been commencing, they were down to $5,819,646. Moreover, the East- ern visitors did not begin to arrive in ai\y such enormous numbers as sanguine prophets had predicted. It is probably well for them that they did not, for if one-third the number had come that some wild-eyed journalists have pro- fessed to expect, a vast army would have been forced to camp al fresco. It was also noted, w-ith marked surprise and considerable indigna- tion, that those who did come from the "ice- bound East " were disposed to be hypercritical in their investigation of the resources of 'Rosen- blatt,' ' Paradiso,' and other coming trade centers, and were not by any means eager to exchange the proceeds of the sale of their East- ern farms for a twenty-five foot ' business lot ' in the paper towns. Finally a great many be- came disgusted with the muddy streets [since ])aved], the reckless real-estate agents and greedy lodging-house keepers with which tiie city was at that time especially afflicted, and left for other places." The great real-estate boom of 1887 collapsed like a balloon, but tlie country and its great resources and enterprising people remained. A majority of the purchasers made their second and third payments, or satisfactorily adjusted their accounts, except, perhaps, in a few cases where investments had been made in " wildcat " towns. Naturally the money market became tight, and while many individuals failed, not a bank burst. There were an unusual number of suicides and insanity cases following the col- lapse, but even the proportion of these was not as large as might have been expected. The real-estate boom over and speculation past, people began to resume legitimate busi- ness. The city in 1887-'88 witnessed a remark- able building boom, about $20,000,000 being invested in business blocks and residences dur- ing that period. A number of steam-dummy roads were built into the country. Standard gauge raili-oads were built to Monrovia, Santa Monica, Ballona and Redondo. Direct rail- road communication was opened with San Diego. The great cable-road system began operation in 18S9. In the country the fields, which had been covered with town-site stakes, were re-sowed, while greater areas than ever were planted with vines and trees. Farms, vineyards and orchards continued to yield boun- tiful harvests, which brought profitable prices. The oil wells increased in number. Los An- geles County holds her own, and though losing a large slice in Orange County, is still an im- perial county. AGIilCULTDEAL. Under this head we consider the soil and its products. Of soils there are many varieties in the county, some of which are not duplicated in any other portion of the United States. In the low lands the soil is, as a rule, a rich alluvium, supposed to be deposits of streams during ages loMo; past. The liirhtness or heaviness of this HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 351 alluvial soil depends on the preponderance of sand or clay. In some places the " inoist land" contains a good deal of alkali. Such land is generally considered uniit for cultivation. Practical tests, however, have demonstrated the fact that much of what is called alkali land is really susceptible of cultivation, and will, if properly handled, produce prolilic crops of vege- tables, cereals and deciduous fruits. It can be reclaimed by drainage. Apples and pears that took the tirst premium at the New Orleans Exposition were raised on strong alkali soil near Long Beach, and the yield per acre of such fruits was very large. Many valleys farther above the sea level contain similar kinds of alluvium, and also, in some localities, a darker soil known as adobe, which is composed largely of decomposed vegetable matter. This is the heaviest soil of all, and in wtt weather the mud it makes is so tenacious as to produce a power- ful strain oti the boots and morals of pedestrians who are naturally averse to indulging in pro- fanity. In the summer time it becomes baked to an almost rocky hardness, and cracks open, so that the larger fissures are suggestive of recent earthquakes. Many a dwelling, and a very few mission buildings, made of this adobe soil still remain as relics of an earlier and cruder civili- zation. The soil was mixed with straw, molded into bricks and dried in the sun. Buildings thus constructed will stand for a century, if allowed to; but they are rapidly melting away before the march of improvement, and their places will all soon be occupied by spacious residences or elegant business blocks. It should not be supposed, however, that the adobe soil is lit only for building purposes. Though not adapted to general fruit raising, the adobe land is excellent for grain and cereals of various kinds. Some of the finest crops of wheat, bar- ley and oats in the world are raised on just such land. On the mesa or upland is still another kind of soil. It consists largely of detritus or sedi- ment washed down from the moantains, mixed with vegetable accumulations. It is good soil for fruit growing, but not well adapted to cereals. It may readily be supposed that with such varieties of soil and climate, Los Angeles County's products are of many varieties. Al- most everything in the way of food products which man could wish for is raised here more or less abundantly, according to the attention given to their cultivation. A lew facts and figures showing the produc- tiveness of Los Angeles County will not be amiss in this connection: In moist land a man can raise seventy-five and even 100 bushels of corn to the acre. The table land has water twelve to thirty feet below the surface, and it is just the thing for citrus fruits. There are to-day in the county more than 800,000 orange trees in bearing order; 2,000,000 grape-vines, and 20,000 English wal- nut trees. To plant orange and lemon trees, and cultivate them for five years, costs about $200 an acre. Land costs say $150. After the fifth year land can produce $350 a year per acre. Of alfalfa no less than six to eight crops a year can be raised, averaging one and a half to two tons per acre at each cutting. The fanner can also raise two crops of potatoes a year, worth $200 an acre. Also peas and cabbages in the winter, and cucumbers on the same land in the summer. These are only a very few of the many facts that could be given on this subject. Glancing at the past, the following items are interesting: All the oranges in 1850 were from the Mis- sion orchard of San Gabriel, and the gardens of Louis Vignes and William Wolfskill. June 7, 1851, Mr. Vignes offered for sale his " desirable property. El Alizo" — so called from the superb sycamore tree, many centuries old, that shaded his cellars. He says: "There are two orange gardens that yield from five to six thousand oranges in the season." It is credibly stated that he was the first to plant the orange in this city, bringing young trees from San Gabriel, in the year 1834. He had 400 peach trees, to- BISTORT OF LOS ANOELBS COUNT T. gether with apricots, pear, apple, tig and walnut, and adds; " The vineyard, with 40,000 vines, 32,000 now bearing grapes, will yield 1,000 barrels of wine per annum, the quality of whicli is well known to be superior." Don Louis, a native of France, came to Los Angeles by way of the Sandwich Islands, in 1831. One orange cultivator added after anotiier, January 1, 1876, there were in this county 36,700 bearing orange trees, and 6,900 bearing lime and lemon trees. The shipment of this fruit rapidly grew into a regular business. In ISol there were 104 vine- yards, exclusive of that of San Gabriel — all but twenty within the limits of the city. The San Gabriel vineyard, neglected since 1834, was now in decay. In Spanish and Mexican times, it had been called " mother vineyard," from the fact that it supplied all the original cuttings; it is said to have once had 50,000 vines. In 1875, the grape vines of this county were 4,500,000. In 1851 grapes, in crates or boxes, brought 20 cents per pound at San Francisco, 80 cents at Stockton. Through 1852 the price was the same. This shipment continued several years, in general with profit. Very little wine was then shipped; in 1851, not over a thousand gal- lons. Soon the northern counties began to forestall the market with grapes nearly as good as our own. Gradually the manufacture of wine was established. Wolfskill, indeed, had, at an early date, shipped a little wine, but his aim was to turn his grapes into brandy. Louis Wilhart, in 1849 and 1850, made white wine, considered, in flavor and quality, next to that of Vignes, who could produce from his cellars a brand per- haps unexcelled through the world. He had some in 1857 then over twenty years old — per- haps the same the army relished so well in 1847. Among the first manufactureis for the general market was Vincent Hoover, with his father, Dr. Juan Leonce Hoover, first at the Clayton Vineyard, which, owing to its situation on the bench, produced a superior grape; then from the vineyard known as that of Don Jose Serrano. Some of the vines in this last named are stated to be over 100 years old! This was from 1850 to about 1855. The cultivation of the grape, too, about this time, took a new impulse. At San Gabriel, William M. Stockton, in 1855, had an extensive nursery of grape vines and choice fruit trees. In 1855 Joseph Hoover entered successfully into wine-making at the Foster vineyard. April 14, 1855, Jean Louis Sansevaine pur- chased the vineyard property, cellars, etc., of his uncle, Louis Vignes, for $42,000 (by the by the first large land sale within the city). Mr. Sanse- vaine had resided here since 1853. In 1855 he shipped his first wine to San Francisco. In 1856 he made the first shipment from this county to New York, thereby becoming the pioneer of this business. Matthew Keller says: "Accord- ing to the books of the great forwarding house of F. Banning at San Pedro, the amount shipped to San Francisco in 1857 was 21,000 boxes of grapes, averaging forty-five pounds each, and 250,000 gallons of wine." In 1856 Los An- geles yielded only 7,200 cases of wine; in 1860 it had increased to 66,000 cases. In 1861 ship- ments of wine were made to New York and Boston by Benjamin D. Wilson and J. L. San- sevaine; they are the fathers of the wine interest. Sunny Slope, unexcelled for its vintage — and theorange, almond and walnut — was commenced by J. L. Rose in January, 1861. December, 1859, the wine producers were: Matthew Keller, Sansevaine Bros., Frohling & Co., B. D. Wilson, Stevens & Bell, Dr. Farrott, Dr. Thomas J. White, Laborie, Messer, Barn- hard t, Delong, Santa Ana Precinct, Henry Dalton, P. Serres, Joseph Huber, Sr., Ricardo Vejar, Barrows, Ballerino, Dr. Hoover, Louis Wilhart, Trabuc, Clement, Jose Serrano. The total manufacture of wine in 1859 was about 250,000 gallons. The largest vineyard in the State, next to Senator Stanford's in Tehama County (which is thelargestin the world), is the Nadeau Vineyard, which covers an area of over 2,000 acres; it is three or four years old, and lies between this city and Anaheim. The first year's yield of this immense vineyard was sent to the still, and BISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. turned out 45,000 gallons of brandy, which Mr. Nadeau warehoused, and then payed the Cloverii- ment $40,500. The three ne.xt largest vine- yards are at and near San Gabriel, and are owned respectively by "Lucky" Baldwin, who has upward of 1,000 acres in Mission and other vines; Stern & Rose (Sunny Slope Vineyard), over 1,000 acres of many varieties; J. de Barth Shorb (San Gabriel Wine Company), about 1,500 acres of Missions, Zinfaiidels, Mataros, Burgers, and other varieties. These parties have as costly and extensive wineries as many of the leading producers in France, and make and age most all kinds of dry and sweet wines and brandies. These three wine-makers have European experts in all the different branches, including "cellar keepers," and their wineries are like parlors, while the process of picking, crushing, fermenting, blending and aging are as perfect as it seems possible to make them. They all have houses in New York, and so do Kohler and Froeling, and nothing is sent there by them but wines and brandies that are abso- lutely pure and can be depended upon. According to the Rural Califoriiiati, the various fruits grown in Los Angeles County may be found in the markets during the following portions of the year: Oranges Christmas to July Lemons All the year Limes All the year Figs July to Christmas Almonds October Apples July to November Bears J uly to November Grapes July loth to Uecember llaisins October 20th (new) Beaches June 15th to Christmas Apricots June 15th to September Blums and Brnnes June Ist to November Cherries June Japanese Bersimmons November Guavas Nearly all the year Loqnats May 15th to June 15th Strawberries Nearly all the year round Raspberries Tune 15th to January Blackberries June 15th to September Currants May 15th to June 15th Gooseberries June 23 Watermelons July to October Muskmelons J"'y to October Mulberries July to December Nectarines August Olives December to January Bomegranates September to December Quinces October to December The constant ripening of fruits and the ma- turing of vegetables in this county, as shown by the city market, astonish persons unfamiliar with the peculiar nature of the soil and climate. Fruits and vegetables are maturing every month of the year. Of garden products, green peas are in the market nearly all the year, and so are new pota- toes, carrots, cabbages, salsify, asparagus, lettuce, cauliflower, turnips, onions, beets and radishes. Cucumbers, squashes, pumpkins and melons are in the market from June to December, so that every month of the year is productive of the " fatness of the land " for the beneflt of all dwellers therein. Of citrus fruits Southern California is the natural home, both soil and climate being admirably adapted to the culture of oranges, lemons, limes, etc. Some of the finest and largest of this class of fruits are produced in Los Angeles County. The localities most favor- able for them are in the smaller valleys of the " foot-hill region," sheltered from the trade winds and exposed to intense heat, with a very dry atmosphere during a large portion of the year. The crop requires thorough irrigation and a great deal of care and labor, but with all this outlay it is very profitable. The orange industry of the country is immense, as is also that of grape-raising and raisin-making, and both are steadily increasing in magnitude. The grape crop is next in importance to the orange crop. There are over 16,000 acres in grape culture within the county, tlie fruit comprising every variety of grapes produced in Southern California. Of the 103 proprietors of town-farms in 1S48, eight were foreigners: Abel Stearns, Louis Bouchet, Louis Vignes, Juan Domingo, Miguel N. Bryor, William Wolfskill, Louis Lemoreau, nisroiiY OF LOS anoeles county. Joseph Snooks — an Englishman, a German, three French, three " Yankees " — so has the city ever been, cosmopolitan. Under the sound policy adopted at the beginning, for the dispo- sition of piieiiio lands, the natural course of business, and family changes, the proprietor- ship of real property is niucii altered. Those of Spanish origin retain good agricultural tracts. Within the patent of the city are 17,752 acres. Tiie increase of culture of fruit trees — and or- namental too — is remarkable. In 1847 prob- ably were set out 200 young walnut trees. The almond was unknown. San Fernando and San Gabriel had a few olives. Long before 1840, the Californians had the tig, apricot, peach, pear, and quince. Plums were introduced by O. "W. Chiids. Seeds of the sweet almond, in 1855, were first planted by William Wolfskiil, wliich were brought from the Mediterranean by H. F. Tescliemaker, ot San Francisco. O. W. Chiids, in 1856, introduced bees. He paid $100, in San Francisco, for one hive and swarm. Afterward, Sherman & Taylor brought here hives for sale. In 1850 there was one pepper tree, loity and wide-l)ranching, over the adobe house of an old lady living near the hills a short distance north of the plaza, the seeds of which came from a tree in the Court of the Mission of San Luis Rey. January 31, 1861, John Temple planted a row in front of his Main street store. This the utilitarian woodman has not spared. But all the city is adorned with this graceful tree; and flowers of every name and clime — to rival an undying fragrance of the solitary Kose ot Castile thirty-tive years ago. STOCK-KAISING. Until recent years, stock-raising was the chief industry in Los Angeles County as well as in nearly all other portions of Southern California. The lands of the county were believed to be unfit for anything but stock ranches, and conse- quently immense herds of cattle and sheep roamed in the valleys and browsed among the foot hills. 15ut later on the fact was developed that the country also possessed excellent natural qualities for agricultural purposes, and now this fact is emphasized by farm products which astonish the world. Stock-raising, however, continues to be car- ried on in the county extensively and success- fully, especially the raising of fine stock, in- cluding thoroughbred horses, which compete with the best of animals raised in Kentucky. Cultivated feed has taken the place of wild hay. Alfalfa especially is a most valuable adjunct to the stock or dairy farm. It permits of the keep- ing of a large number of animals on a small space of ground. Following is a table from the County Asses- sessor's report giving the value of live stock in the county at the beginning of the year 1888: Calves % 51,000 Beef cattle 4,425 Stock cattle 306,763 Colts 136,799 Cows, thoroughbred 18,750 Cows, American 4,535 Cows, graded 348,145 Goats, common 1,516 Goats, Angora 2,250 Hogs 22,552 Horses, thoroughbred 27,835 Horses, American 374,617 Horses, Spanish 503.985 Jacks and genets 2,990 Mules 102,600 Poultry 335,075 Sheep, imported or fine 1,500 Sheep, graded 168,070 Sheep, common 163,333 Lambs 3,775 Ostriches . .• 7,400 In 1870 a lew cashmere goats were brought to Los Angeles County by F. Bonshard. He brought 500 or 600 heads, of various grades. He and J. E. Pleasants were about the only parties engaged in raising such animals for several years after the date above mentioned. Now, however, there are several persons in the county who have cashmere goats of all grades, from the lowest up to thoroughbreds. Mr. Pleasants has had 300 to 500 thoroughbreds, the wool from wliich is worth 25 to 40 cents a UISTOIiY OF l.OS ANGELES COUNTY pound. A good tliorouijhbred goat is generally worth about $50. Those first brought into the county' cost $150 each. I'Ulil.ir SCHIKiLS. For this history of the pulilic schools of Los Angeles, the pni)iishers are indebted to Pro- fessor J. M. Guinn. Before the secularization of the missions but little if any attention was given to the cause of popular education in Alta California. The sons of the wealthy were sent to Mexico to be edu- cated, while the children of the poorer classes and those of the neophytes we allowed to grow up in ignorance. Tiie earlier school reports are very meagre in details. The first we find recorded in the city archives bears date of September 29, 1827, and is a receipt for the payment of $12 by the alcalde for a bench and table purchased at San Gabriel "forthe useof aschool in Los Angeles." In 1833 -'34 the Mexican Government "took measures to extend education to California;" and when the missions were secularized, one authority states that "experienced teachers were sent for the public schools to be established at each mission." The Government's intentions were no doubt good, but, like most of its good designs, were badly executed. The "experienced teachers," if sent, seem not to liave arrived, for in 1836 the ayuntamiento petitioned the Governor to detail an officer of the army for a schoolmaster, as no one qualified for the position could be found in the town. Ensign Don Gaudalupe Medina was granted leave of absence to act as preceptor. He seems to have been a very efticient educator as well as a very useful person in other capaci- ties. The reports of the first complete census taken in 183(5 were copied by Medina. Siiortly after this auspicious beginning the cause of popular education seems to have fallen into a state of "innocuous desuetude," for in 1844 Don Manuel Requena congratulated the outgoing ayuntatniento on having established a primary school in the city of Los Angeles, " the recollection of similar institutions havitiu beeii lost in this unfortunate country." Tliis must have been a second venture at school-keeping by Medina. One hundred and three children attended this school, but in less than six months it suspended, the Governor recalling Medina to his military duties. Four months later he laid down the sword again to resume the birch, hut the school-house being required for a military barracks, the pupils were turned out and school once more suspended. The pioneer schoolmas- ter seems to have retired from the profession, lie has left on record the following inventory (translated by Stephen C. Foster): LANC'ASTEKIAN SCHOOL OF LOS ANGELES. Inventory of the books and furniture in the above institution belonging to the ayuntamiento: Thirtj'-six spelling books, eleven second readers for children, fourteen catechisms by Father Ri- paldi, one table without cover, writing desk, six benches, one blackboard. Gaumalupe Medixa. Angeles, February 2, 1844. A contract is on record made June 21, 1850, between Don Abel Stearns, President of the city council, and Francisco Bustamente, in which the latter agrees " to teach the scholars to read and count, and, so far as he is capable, to teach them orthography and good morals." When the pupils were ready to be examined he agrees to give notice to the council, that the members might attend the examination. His contract was for four months at $60 per month and $20 for house rent, to be paid from the municipal funds. The pioneer English school was opened in 1850 by the Rev. Dr. Wicks and John G. Nichols. The first well-matured ordinance for estab- lishing and regulating common schools was framed June 19, 1855, and signed by the Mayor, Thomas Foster. In the same year the first school buildings, two in number, were erected in the city, — pub- lic school No. 1, on the corner of Spring and Second streets, where the magnificent Bryson- Honebrake Block now stands; the other, school- ync jjj.sToj;y OF LOS anoeles county. house No. 2, on wliat was then known as Batli street, a short street running north from the Plaza. This building was demolished two years ago, when Batli street was widened and changed to Main street. In January, 1855, the Stirr informs us that there " are now 1,191 children between the ages of four and eighteen, in Los Angeles, El Monte and San Gabriel school districts; yet not more than 150 in all attend school." In 1856-'57 there were seven schools in Los Angeles County, four of these being located in the city. The school funds were so limited that two of the schools closed in February, and the other two shortly after. William Wolfskill generously donated $000 for school purposes, which enabled the board to reopen one of the schools. In 1863 the number of census children in the countj' was 2,398, and the amount of State fund apportioned, $4,581.95. The subdivision of a number of the large ranchos into small farms in 1868-'69, and the transition of industries from cattle-raising to grain and fruit growing, brought quite an in- liux of immigrants into the county. Among these were several educated and progressive teachers, whose influence was soon felt in im- proved methods of teaching and an increased interest in the public schools. Prominent among these educators may be named Dr. T. H. Eose, William M. McFadden, Anna McAr- thur, J. M. Guinn, Professor William Lawlor and P. C. Tonner. October 31, 1870, the first teachers' institute was organized, William M. McFadden, County Superintendent, President; J. M. Guinn and T. 11. Eose, Vice-Presidents, and P. C. Tonner, Secretary. Dr. O. P. Fitzgerald, State Super- intendent, was in attendance part of the time. The sessions were held in the old Bath street school building, north of the Plaza, that being considered more central than the school-house, corner of Second and Spring streets. The ex- ercises were more tlian usually interesting, and did much to stimulate the growing interest in the public sciiools. Thirty-tive teachers (the entire teaching force of the county) were in attendance. In 1872 the Central, or as it was then called, the High School building, was erected on the site now occupied by the new court-house and jail. The structure cost $20,000, and was the most commodious and handsomest school build- ing in Southern California. In 1885 the site was sold to the county for $75,000, and the building removed to Sand street. In 1873 Dr. W. T. Lucky, ex-Principal of the State Normal School, was appointed city super- intendent, who then thoroughly organized and graded the schools. The High School was or- ganized this year. The first High School class was graduated in 1875. The following is a list of the city superin- tendents, with the length of time each served: Dr. W. T. Lucky, 1873-'76; C. H. Kimball, 1876-80; Mrs. Chloe B. Jones, 1880-'81; J. M. Guinn, 1881-'83; L. D. Smith, 1883-'85; W. M. Friesner, 1885 to the present. A list of the county superintendents will be found under the head of "County Officers." An)ong the earlier teachers and school ofiieers who, previous to 1808, took an active part in educational work, may be named Don Ignacio Coronel and his son, Don Antonio F. Coronel, J. G. Nichols, II. D. Barrows, Thomas Foster, William McKee, Thomas J. Scully, Miss Mary E. Iloyt, Miss Belle Swift, Miss Jane Swift and Miss Eliza Madigan. Of the early pioneer teachers, T. J. Scully is the only one who still continues to wave the pedagogical birch. He began teaching in the public schools of the county in 1853. In those days Mr. Scully, like Aristotle, belonged to the peripatetic, or tramp, school of pedagogues; but, unlike Aristotle, had no Arcadian groves in which to impart in- struction to his pupils. The school funds were very meagre; Mr. Scully would teach in one district until the funds were exhausted, then "tramp" on to the next. As there were but four or five districts in the county, Scully was able to supply each school with a teacher and a course of instruction that was uniform! HISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. The year 1868 may be considered the be- ginning of the new era of growth and progress of Los Angeles County. From that date until tlie present the advancement in all that pertains to educational work, and the increase in the school population of the county, has been truly remarkable. From County Superintendent H. D. Barrows's report for the year ending June 30, 1868, we find the total number of children between five and fifteen was 3,662; number under five years, 1,533. Total number of children enrolled in the schools, 960. Number of school districts, 19. Number of teachers — male, 17; female, 10; total, 27. In 1869 the number of teachers was: Male, 13; female, 15; — tiie " schoolmarms " getting the lead of the masters, and have kept it ever since. Ten years later, in 1878, there were 10,446 children of school age, si.xty districts, and 129 teachers. In 1888 the total number of children between five and seventeen was 27,250; under five years, 10,148. Number enrolled in the schools, 19,- 575. Number of teachers — male, 72; female, 273; total, 345. Number of school districts, 119. Total receipts of school funds from all sources, ,$504,044.83. Total paid for teachers' salaries, $233,280.77. From County Superintendent W. W. Sea- man's report for the school year ending June 30, 1889, we obtain the following statistics: Number of census children between five and seventeen years, 27,799; under five years of age, 11,853; total under seventeen years of age, 39,652. Number enrolled in the schools, 22,327. Number of teachers— male, 98 ; female, 832; total 430. Number of school districts, 133. Total expenditure for all purposes, $642,- 568. Average monthly wages paid male teachers, $88.55. Average monthly wages paid female teachers, $75.38. MILITARY. The rising of Antonio Garra, chief of Agna Caliente, in the fall of 1851, spread fear through Los Angeles of a general insurrection, from San Diego to Tulare. The danger soon passed away. The regulars and San Diego volunteers were under Captain George Fitzgerald. General J. H. Bean commanded the Los Angeles volun- teers; Myron Norton, Colonel and Cliief of Staff; S. Boliver Cox and B. S. Eaton, Corporals. Hon. II. C. Rolfe, William Nordholdt, and many who are dead, were in service on the oc- casion. Estimable for many virtues. General Bean met an .untimely end at San Gabriel, Sep- tember 9, 1852. The exposed position of this region for a long time thereafter, in the Kern River and Mojave wars, and other troubles, kept officers of the United States army here, and not seldom in active service. They pos- sessed the regard of the people — Colonel B, Beall, Majors Edward H. Fitzgerald and George R. Blake, Captains Davidson and Lovell, and General Winfield Scott Hancock. In the spring of 1850, the resident popula- tion of the city scarcely exceeded 2,500; aug- mented by January, 1853, to about 3,000, in- cluding 300 from the United States, and among these a large proportion of families. In those days of disorder the peaceful slumbers of the citizens were guarded by the voluntary police of 100 men, under Dr. A. W. Hope, as chief. Among the lieutenants, or privates, were, July, 1851, Messrs. Alexander, Olvera, S. C. Foster, Ogier, Brent, Joseph Yancey, Wheeler, J. G. Downey, Nichols, F. L. Guirado, Juan Sepiil- veda, Keller, Hayes. Often later were the streets enlivened by the martial tread of the military companies required from time to time. The 22d day of February, 1855, was celebrated by the City Guards, Captain W. W. Twist, and their first anniversary ball was given in May. Ringgold's Light Artillery organized June 7, of that year. The Los Angeles Rangers was older. The Legislature of 1854 appropriated $4,000 for their equipment; they celebrated their first anniversary August f), of that year. Tiiey had proved always etlicient. March 26, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 1857, a rifle company was formed, under Cap- tain Twist; and May 9, the French infantry corps, 105 strong, Captain C. A. Faralle. The Kifleros de Los Angeles, Pantaleoii Zavaleta, Captain, were established March, 1873; the Los Angeles Guard, September 8, 1874, Captain, James Bartlett; First Lieutenant, Thomas Bow- lin; Stcond Lieutenant, Charles llagan. The Eiigle Corps was organized June 9, 1881, with sixty-three members. Its first officers were: W. IL H. Russell, Captain; Hamlet R. Brown, First Lieutenant; E. G. Barclay, fciecond Lieu- tenant. The first armory was in a building erected ior a skating rink, a temporary wooden structure, where now stands the Moore-Ma.xwell Block, on Court-House street, opposite the old court-house. This armory was used for two years. Then an armory was fitted up in Ar- cadia Block, on Los Angeles street, but was oc- cupied only a short time. The third armory WHS fitted up in the Bush Block, on the north- west corner of Ecquena and Los Angeles streets, which was used for two years. The fourth armory is the present one in Mott Block, on Main street. In the spring of 1833 the discipline of the company became rather lax. Some of the members were inclined to regard the enlistment as boys' play, while others were guilty of noTi- attendance, ineligibility and drunkenness. For these causes thirty-three members were court- martialled and dishonorably discharged from the service. In spite of this vigorous weeding- ont, the company grew large enough to be di- vided, and accordingly, in 1884, a second com- pany was organized. The first became Company A ; the second, Company C. The San Diego City Guards were made Company B, and the whole wasorganized into the Seventh Battalion, J^.G.C. The lollowing were the officers: W. H. H. Rus- sell, Major Commanding; A. M. Green, Captain and Adjutant; Cyrus Willard, First Lieutenant and Quartermaster; C. N. Wilson, First Lieu- tenant and Commissary; J. D. Gilchrist, First Lieutenant and Inspector of Rifle Practice; T. M. Plotts, First Lieutenant and Ordnance Officer; Dr. J. Hannon, Major and Surgeon; Rev. P. W. Dorsey, Captain and Chaplain. The National Guard of California consists of 4,417 officers and men all told. There are fifty companies, of which Southern California has seven. The State appropriated $70,000 two years ago for the maintenance of the National Guard, and |i46,000 more for uniforming the men. The United States Government appro- priates 860,000 annually for the purpose of arming the National Guard of the several States, and of this sum California receives about $12,000, with which to purciiase airms. Los Angeles is the headquarters of the First Brigade, N. G. C, and this command consists at present of seven companies. The annual allowance to each compnuy is about $1,750, or $12,250 per annum, for the present force. This money goes direct to the several comjianies, and is disbursed for rent of armory and other expenses. The First Brigade consists of one Brigadier- General, with fourteen statf officers; one Colonel, with thirteen staff" officers; one Lieutenant-Colo- nel, one Major, twenty-one company officers and 430 men. Brigadier-General E. P. Johnson is in command. THE COLORED PEOPLE. The colored people have figured in the history of Los Angeles City from the beginning. Two of the founders of the city — Mesa and Quin- tero — were negroes. Thomas Fisher, a negro, was captured from Bouchard's privateers in 1818. There were undoubtedly others in ante- American days. Under the Mexican constitution slavery was positively forbidden, and California came into the Union with free soil. Between the time of American occupation and the admission of the State slavery was practiced to a slight degree. Thus, early in 1850, a Dr. T. Earl and a Colo- nel Thorn brought to Los Angeles from the Southern States a large number of slaves, whom they proposed to work in the mines. Two of these asserted their freedom on arrival, upon niSTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. which one was beaten and the other shot at, but both ran away. One J. H. Purdy was at the time acting as a police officer and marshal, and in discharge of his duty made complaint against the parties who assaulted tlie negroes. The re- sult was that Purdy was given forty-eight hours within which to leave the town, and the au- thorities being powerless to protect him, he was obliged to go. The following extracts from the docket of Abel Stearns, Esq., then alcalde of Los Angeles, are furnished by Stephen C. Foster: POLICE REPORT. On the night of the 24th inst., an assault and battery was committed, by persons unknown, ipon the bodies of Allen Sandford and one other person, whose name is unknown. Witnesses Dr. T. Earl and Edwin Booth. On the same night, a breach of the peace was committed by the tiring of pistols at one Ste- phen Cribbs, by persons unknown to the police. Witnesses, Dr. T. Earl, Dr. Clark, Esq., Blodg- ett, Koss and Alex. Bell. On the night of tiie 25th inst., an assault and battery was committed on the body of Allen Landford, by some person unknown to the un- dersigned. J. II. Purdy. February 27, 1850. POLICE REPORTS. Captain A. Bell, Dr. Clark, M. Martin Koss and Captain 11. threatened personal violence to J. H. Purdy if he do not leave the city within forty-eight hours. Witnesses: Colonel S. Whit- ing and L. Granger. Charles Matthews entered the counting-room of Hon. Abel Stearns, with pistol in hand, and threatened personal violence. Witnesses: J. B. Barkley, Moses Searl, and Clark. Said Matthews then proceeded to the court- room and scattered the papers over the floor, threatening personal violence to all who should oppose him; and then assaulted J. H. Purdy in the door of the court room, drew a pistol, and fired on him. Witnesses: Jesus Guirado and Juan Rieva. Two persons unknown to the undersigned rescued Charles Matthews from the custody of J. 11. Purdy, while he, Purdy, was endeavoring to bring Matthews into the court-house. March 5, 1850. J. II. i'uRnv. The remainder of the slaves were taken up to the mines finally, but the white miners stam- peded them; they all ran away, and their own- ers did not get even the cost of bringing them here. In his official report of this mattei to Gov- ernor Burnett, Mr. Foster said: "Quite an excitement has been caused within a few days, by an attempt on the part of some slaves introduced from Texas to assert their rights to freedom. One person, who had taken the negro's part with more zeal than judgment, was ordered by a committee of five, appointed by a meeting of Americans, to leave town within twenty-four hours. He appealed to the authorities for protection, but they were unable to give it, and was forced to leave at the desig- nated time. Mob law, to use the harsh but truthful term, is triumphant as regards the ex- istence of negro slavery in this district." Says the Historical Sketch (1876): "In the spring of 1850, probably three or four colored persons were in the city. In 1875 they num- ber about 175 souls; many of whom hold good city property, acquired by their industry. They are farmers, mechanics, or some one or other useful occupation; and remarkable for good habits. They count some seventy-five voters. Robert Owen, familiarly by Americans called ' Uncle Bob,' came from Texas in Djcember, 1853, with 'Aunt Winnie,' his wife, two daughters, and son, Charley Owen. They sur- vive him. He was a shrewd man of business, energetic, and honorable in his dealings; made money by Government contracts and general trade. He died, well esteemed by white and colored, August 18, 1865, aged fifty-nine years. Of the society of Mexican veterans are five colored men: George Smith, George Diggs, Lewis G. Green, Paul Rushmore and Peter Byus. The last named was born in Henrico County, Virginia, in 1810, and served with Colonel Jack Hayes, General Z. Taylor, and (Captain John Long. He was at tiie battle of Monterey. Rushmorewas born 1829, in Georgia; served on Taylor's lino. He drove through tlie insrORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. team of Colonel John Ward and James Doug- lass from Chilniahua to Los Angeles. Smith and Diggs, the first born in New York, the second in the District of Columbia, both served on the ship Columbus, Commodore Biddle and Captain Selfridge. Green was born in North Carolina, 1827; was a seaman on the Ports- mouth, Captain John B. Montgomery; and in the navy nine years and eight months, on the store ship Erie, Cyane, Constitution, Pennsyl- vania and Vermont;" Green died about 1885, after having been eoiirt-house janitor several years. A CUEIOUS DOCUMENT. Stephen Foster has brought to light the record of an old agreement which he discovered in the archives of the District Court, dating back to the year 1850. The agreement was e.xecuted by one James R. Holman and recites that. Whereas, in 1850, I removed from the county of Crawford, Arkansas, bringing with me a negro woman named Clanpa, aged about twenty- nine years, which said negro woman has two sous, one named Granberry, aged six years on the loth day of the month of October, 1850, and one named Henry, aged five years on the 15th day of Janu- ary, 1850, and whereas said woman and her two sons were, by the laws of Arkansas, my slaves for life, and whereas the said Clanpa has, by her removal by me to the State of California be- come free; and whereas I am anxious to retain the services of the said Clanpa for the period of two years from the date of these presents, I therefore now do covenant and agree that, if the said Clanpa shall serve me faithfully for the .vo years lo, from said two years, forever set free the said Clan and hereby release all right, title and interest in her services. And npon the conditions aforesaid, I agree that from the time the aforesaid boys shall re- spectively become twenty-one years of age, relinquish all my right, title, claim and interest in and to the services of the said boys and then forever set them free. The said Granberry shall be free on the 15th day of October, 1865, and said Henry shall be free on the 15th day of January, 1866. period of two years, I will agree, and by these presents I do, from and after the expiration of And furthermore said Holman binds himself to pay the full amount of money due from him to Whitfield Bourn, to whom said boys are mortgaged, and to redeem the said boys in full from all obligations in consequence of said mortgage. [Signed] O. S. Witiierby, District Judge. Executed June 20, 1857. Whether the woman Clanpa served faithfully her two years' term and received the stipulated freedom for herself is not forthcoming, but be- fore the boys came to their majority it is certain that Uncle Sam stepped in and executed the terms of the contract most faithfully. LEGISLATIVE AND COUNTY OFFICEES. State Senator. A. W. Hope. 1850-'51 1852-'53. Stephen C: Fostc 185-4-'55. James P. McP'arland. 1856-'57. B. D. Wilson. 1858-'59. C. E. Thorn. 1860-61. Andres Pico. 1862-'63. J. R. Vineyard. 1864-'65. H. Hamilton. 1866-'69. P. Banning. 1870-'73. B. D. Wilson. 1874-77. C. W. Bush. 1878-'79. George H. Smith. 1880-'82. J. P. West. 1883-'86. R. F. Del Valle. 1887-'91. S. M. White. 1887-'88. L. P. -Rose. 1889. J. E. McCoraas. Asseynhlymen. 1850. A. P. Crittenden, JVI. Martin. 1851. Abel Stearns, Andres Pico. 1852. I. del Valle, Andres Pico. 1853. James P. McFarland, Jefferson Hunt. 1854. Charles E. Carr, Edward Hunter. 1855. Francis Melius, Wilson W. Jones. 1856. John G. Downey, J. L. Brent. 1857. J. L. Brent, Edward Hunter. 1858-'59. Andres Pico, Henry Hancock. 1860. J. J. Warner, A. J. King. 1861. Abel Stearns, Murray Morrison. 1862. J. A. Watson, Murray Morrison. 1863. J. A. Watson, E. J. C. Kewen. 1864-'65. Y. Sepiilveda, E. J. C. Kewen. 1866-'67. W. H. Peterson, E. C. Parish. 1868-'69. A. Ellis, J. A. Watson. 1870-'71. M. F. Coronel, R. C. Fryer. HISTORY OP LOS ANOELES COUNTY. 1872-'73. T. D. Mott, A. Ellis. 1874-'75. J. W. Venable, A. Higbie. 1876-'77. J. R. McConnell, F. Lainbourne. 1878-79. A. Ellis, J. B. Ilollowaj. 1880-'81. P. M. Green, R. F. del Valle. 1881-'82. J. F. Crank, R. F. del Valle. 1883-'84. A. B. Moffit, H. W. Head. 1885-'86. J. Banbury, H. T. Hazard, E. E. Edwards. 1887-'88. J. R. Brierly, G. W. Knox, W. H. Spurgeon. 1889. J. M. Dawson, J. R. Brierly, E. E. Edwards. District Judge. 1850-52. O. S. Wetherby.* 1853-'63. Benjamin Hays. 1864-'68. Bablo de la Guerra. 1868-'71. Murray Morrison.-|- 1872-'73. R. M. Widney. 1874-'79. Y. Sepiilveda.;}: County Judge. 1850-'53. Agustin Olvera. 1854. Myron Norton. 1855. K. H. Dlmraick. 1856-'69. William G. Dryden.§ 1870-'73. Y. Sepiilveda. 1874-'77. H. K. S. O'Melveny. 1878-'79. A. M. Stepliens.|[ 1880-'84. Y. Sepiilveda, V. E. Howard. 1884. H. M. Smith, appointed, vice Sepiilveda resigned. 1885-'89. William A. Cheney. 1885-87. A. Brunson. 1887-'88. W. P. Gardiner, appointed, vice Brunson resigned. 1887-'88. A. W. Hutton,^ H. K. S. O'Mel- veny.^ 1889. W. H. Clark, W. P. Wade, W. Van Dyke, J. W. McKiuley,*^* Lucien Shaw.\* County Supervisors. From 1850 to 1852 the county affairs were administered by the Court of Sessions, com- posed of the county judge and two associate justices. * .\ppointed by a joint vote of the Legislature, at its first session, in 185<). Court opened June 5, 1850. t Died December 18, 1871. X .January 1, IS-iO, this court was succeeded by the Superior Court, Y. Sepulveda and V. E. Howard elected judges. J Died September 10, 1869, A. J. King appoiutcd to mi vacancy. 1 January 1. 1880. this court was succeeded by the Superior Court, T. Sepiilveda and V. E. Howard elected judges. ^Appointed 1887, the Legislature allowing two additional judges. •.•.\ppointcd; the Legislature increased the number to six. 1852. Jefferson Hunt, Julian Chavis, F. P. F. Temple, M. Requena, S. Arbuckle. 1853. D. W. Alexander, L. Cota, G. A. Stnrgess, D. M. Thomas, B. D. Wilson (J. S. Waite, S. C. Foster). 1854. D. W. Ale.xander, S. C. Foster, J. Sepiilveda, C. Aguila, S. S. Thompson (A. Stearns, F. Lugo). 1855. J. G. Downey, D. W. Alexander, A. Olvera, C. Aguilar, D. Lewis. 1856. T. Burdick, J. Foster, A. Olvera, C. Aguilar, D. Lewis. 1857. J. R. Scott, W. M. Stockton, R. C. Fryer, T. A. Sanchez, S. C. Foster. 1858. G. C. Alexander, R. Emerson, T. A. Sanchez, B. Guirado, S. C. Foster. 1859. G. C. Alexander, R. Emerson, T. A. Sanchez, B. Guirado, Haywood. 1860. R. B. Moore, A. F. Coronel, C. Agui- lar, G. Allen, A. Stearns. 1861. B. D. Wilson, M. L. Goodman, J. L. Morris, J. Chavis, F. W. Gibson (T. G. Barker). 1862-'63. B. D. Wilson, C. Aguilar, J. L. Morris, Vincente Lugo, F. W. Gibson. 1864-'65. B. D. Wilson, C. Aguilar, J. L. Morris, A. Ellis, P. Sichel (M. Keller). 1866-'67. J. G. Downey, M. Keller, E. H. Boyd, F. Signoret, E. Polloreno. 1868-'69. J. B. Winston, W. Woodworth, R. H. Mayes, H. Abila, A. Langenberger. 1870-'71. J. B. Winston, W. Woodworth, R. H. Mayes, H. Abila, H. Forsman. 1872-^73. H. Forsman, A. L. Bush, F. Machado, S. B. Caswell, F. Palomares. 1874-'75. G. Hinds, F. Machado, E. Evey, F. Palomares, J. M. Griffith (G. Allen). 1876-'77. E. Evey, G. Allen, J. C. Han- non, J. D. Young, J. J. Morton, W. H. Spur- geon. 1878. J. C. Hannon, J. D. Young, J. J. Morton, J. D. Ott, C. Prager. 1879. J. C. Hannon, J. D. Ott, C. Prager, J. J. Morton, A. H. Rogers. 1880. J. C. Hannon, C. Prager, R. Egan, AV. F. Cooper, A. H. Rogers. 1883. L. G. Giroux, C. Prager, AV. M. Os- borne, D. V. Waldron, S. Levy, D. Reichard, J. H. Moesser. 1885-'86. James B'oord, O. Macy, M. Lind- ley, Geo. Hinds, J. Ross. 1887-'88. W. T. Martin, T. E. Rowan, J. W. Venable, Oscar Macy, Jacob Ross. 1889. W. T. Martin, S. M. Perry, T. E. Rowan, A. E. Davis, S. Littlefield. HISTORY OF LOS ANOBLBS COUNTY. Sherif. 1876-'77. 1878-'79. T. A. Saxton. W. P. McDonald. 1850. Geo. T. Burrill. 1880-'86. J. W. Hinton. 1851-'55. James R. Barton. 1887-'89. W. W. Seaman. 1856. D. W. Alexander.* 1856. C. E. Hale, appointed, vice Alex- ander. County Clerk. 1857. Jas. R. Barton.f 1850-'51. B. D. Wilson. 1857. E. Bettis, appointed, vice Barton, murdered. 1852-'53. Wilson W. Jone.<. 1854-'57. John W. Shore. 1858. Wm. C. Getman.;}: 1858-'59. Chas. R. Johnson. 1858. James Thompson, appointed, vice 1860-'63. John W. Shore. Getman murdered. 1864-'71. Thos. D. Mott. 1859. Jas. Thompson. 1872-'84. A. W. Potts. 1860-'67. Thos. A. Sanchez. 1885-'89. Charles H. Dunsinoor. 1868-'71. Jas. F. Burns. 1872-75. W. R. Rowland. County Treasurer. 1876-'77. D. AV. Alexander. 1850^'51. Manuel Garfias. 1878-'79. H. M. Mitchell. 1852-'53. Francis Melius. 1880-'82. W. R. Rowland. 1854-'55. Timothy Foster. 1883-'84. A. T. Currier. 1856-'59. IL N. Alexander. 1885-'86. G. E. Gard. 1860-'65. M. Kremcr. 1887-'88. J. C. Kays. 1866-'69. J. Huber, Jr. 1889. M. G. Aguirre. 1870-'75. 1876-'77. T. E. Rowan. F. P. F. Temple. Public Administrator. 1878-'79. 1880-'83. E. Hewitt. Milton Lindley. 1854-'57. M. Keller. 1883-'88. J. W. Broaded. 1858-'65. Geo. Carson. 1889. J. Banbury. 1866-'67. W. Wolfskin. 1868-'69. John Zeyn. County Recorder. 1870-'73. 1874-'75. 1876-'77. 1878-'79. 1880. 1883-'84. 1885-'86. 1887-'88. 1889. Geo. Carson. H. M. Mitchell. J. E. Griffin. C. C. Lamb. J. W. Potts. M. P. Cutler. James Fisher. Z. Decker. D. W. Field. 1850-'51. 1852-'73. 1874-'75. 1876-'79. 1880-'82. 1883-'86. 1886. 1887-'88. Ignacio del Valle. County Clerk (ex-ojicio). J. W. Gillette. Charles E. Miles. C. C. Lamb. C. E. Miles. F. A. Gibson, appointed, vice removed. F. A. Gibson. Miles Superintendent of Schools. 1889. J. W. Francis. 1850^'55. A. F. Coronel. County Tax Collector. 1856. J. F. Burns. 1850-'75. Slieriff {ex-officio). 1857-'63. County Clerk (ex-offioio). 1876-'79. M. Kremer. 1864-'65. A. B. Chapman. E. Birdsall. 1880-'82. William B. Cullen. 1866-'67. 1883-'84. Asa Ellis. 1868-'69. H. D. Barrows. 1885-'87. El Hammond. 1870-'73. Wm. M. McFadden. 1887. J. A. Crawford, appointed , vice 1874-'75. G. H. Peck Hammond absconded. 1888. Oinri Bullis, appointed, vice Craw- ♦Resigned, C. E. Hale appointed to fill vacancy, Aueust, 1856. + Murdered January S'), 1.S57, E. Bettis appointed to fill vacancy. ford resigned. t Murdered January 7, 1858, James Thompson appointed to fill vacancy. 1889. Robert S. Piatt. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. County Attorney. 1880-'82. J. ^Y. Venable. 1850-'51. 1852-'53. Benjamin Hays. Lewis Granger. 1883-'86. 188 7-91. R. Bilderrain. C. C. Mason. 1854-'80. District Attorney {ex-offcio). County Surveyor. District Attorney. 1850-'51. J. R. Conway. 1850-'51. William C. Ferrell. 1852-'57. H. Hancock. 1852. Isaac S. K. Ogier. 1858-'59. William Moore. 1853. K. H. Dimmick. 1860-'61. E. Hadley. 1854. Benjamin S. Eaton. C. E. Thorn. 1862. William Moore. 1855-'57. 1862. J. G. McDonald, vice Moore re- 1858-'59. Ezra Drown. signed. 1860-'61. E. J. C. Kewen. 1863. W. M. Leighton. 1862-'63. Ezra Drown. 1864-'69. George Hanson. 1864-'67. Volney E. Howard. 1870-'73. F. Lecouvreur. 1868-'69. A. B. Chupnian. 1874-'75. L. Seebold. 1870-'73. C. E. Thorn. 1876-'77. T. J. Ellis. 1874-'75. Volney E. Howard. 1878-'79. John E. Jackson. 1876-'77. Rodney Hudson. 1880-'82. E. T. Wright. 1878-79. C. E. Thorn. 1883-'84. J. E. Jackson. 1880-'82. Thomas B. Brown. 1885-'86. E. T. Wright. 1883-'84. S. M. White. 1887-'88. John Goldsworthy. 1885-'86. G. M. Holton. 1889. H. T. Stafford. 1887. G. S. Patton. 1887-'88. J. R. Dnpuy, appointed, vice County Coroner. Patton resigned. 1850-51. Alpheus P. Hodges.* Rafael Guirado. 1889. F. P. Kelly. 1852. County Auditor. County Clerk [ex-officio). 1853. J. S. Mallard. 1850-75. 1854-'55. 1856. T. Mayes. Q. A. Snead. 1876. C. W. Gould.* 1857. J. B. Winston.f A. Cook. 1876-'79. A. E. Sepiilveda. 1858. 1880-'82. 1883-'84. 1885-'88. B. A. Yorba. A. E. Sepiilveda. A. A. Montano. 1859. 1860-'61. 1862-'65. Henry R. Myles. H. P. Swain. J. S. Griffin. 1889. D. W. Hamlin. 1866-'67. J. L. Smith. County Assessor. 1868-'69. V. Gelcich. 1850-'56. 1857-'58. 1859-'61. 1861. 1862. 1863-'65. 1866-'67. 1868-'69. A. F. Coronel. Juan Sepiilveda. W. W. Maxy. G. W. Gift, vice Maxy resigned. J. McManus. G. L. Mix. J. Q. A. Stanley. M. F. Coronel. 1870-'73. 1874-'75. 1876-'77. 1878-'79. 1SS0--84. 1885-'86. 1887-'89. J. Kurtz. N. P. Richardson. J. Kurtz. J. Hannon. H. Nadeau. A. McFarland. J.M.Meredith. •AttheHrst county election held April 1. 1860, Charlee B. CuIIen 1870-'75. D. Botiller. was elected; but failing to qnalify, Alpheus P. Hodges was appointed hy the Court of Sessions to flU the vacancy. A question arising as to 1876-'79. A. W. Ryan. the legality of said appointment, the Legislature was petitioned by the Court (ISf)!) o pass a law legalizing the same, and all acts per- er, which was done. formed thereund tSucceeded • Died In Jnoe, 1876, A. E. Sepfilveda appionted to fill vacancy. by A. Cook, February 14, 1857. IHSTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. I BIOGRAPHICAL. I fUDGE O. n. ALLEN, a pioneer of 1849, now residing witli his daughter in the south- ern part of Downey, is a native of Nelson County, Kentucky, born May 25, 1805, and is the son of Colonel James and Mary (Keed) Allen. His paternal grandfather was born in Ireland, and on the mother's side the genealogy goes back to the English. Colonel James Allen was a farmer in Nelson County, Kentucky, till his death in 1851. In his family were seven children, the subject of this notice being the second. In addition to a common-school edu- cation he also attended St. Joseph College in Bardstown, Kentucky. He was a law student under Benjamin Harding, and was admitted to the bar in AVashington County, Kentucky, in 1824. From here he moved to Monticello, Mississippi, where he practiced law ; he later went to Texas, and in 1832 established and edited the first newspaper in the State, i\\e Advocate of the People's Rights. In this paper he published he celebrated letters which led to the arrest of Stephen F. Austin, the grantee of the Mexican Government. The next paper he edited was the Western Spy, published at Bedford, Indiana. In 1836 he moved to Missouri, where he prac- ticed law until 1849. Jndge Allen was mar- ried in 1885 to Jane Kenton, of Kentucky, a niece of Simon Kenton, an associate of Daniel Boone in the early settlement of Kentucky. By her Mr. Allen had one son, Tiiompson K. She died in 1848, and the following year Mr. Alien came to California, by the popular route over- land with the ox team. After a journey of six months he landed in the Sacramento Valley, at a place called Lawson. For several years he engaged in mining and in practicing law, subse- quently moving to San Jos^, where he continued his law practice and was mayor of the city for the year 1852. There, in 1853, he married Angelina A. Neely, who was born near Spring- field, Missouri. Leaving San Jose, he moved to Columbia, Tuolumne County, where a daugh- ter, Rosina, was born. He next moved to Al- pine County, and practiced his profession there two years, after which he located in Los Angeles County, where he ranked among the prominent lawyers until ten years ago, and was also for two years justice of the peace in the " City of the Angels." Judge Allen has had a varied expe- rience. He was a soldier in the Mexican war, enlisted under Colonel Price at Fort Leaven- worth, Missouri, in 1846, and was mustered out at Santa Fe. At one time he was ordered by Governor Boggs, of Missouri, to raise a regi- ment to go to the " far West" to quell the Mor- mons, being elected Colonel of his regiment. He commanded as Brigadier-General the militia of Northeastern Missouri, to enforce the collec- tion of State revenue due from the people on disputed land between Iowa and Missouri. Since 1825 Mr. Allen has been a member of the IIIHTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Masonic fraternity, and is also a member of tlie Soutlierii Methodist Episcopal Cluirch. Judge Allen's second wife died in April, 1874. By tins marriage one child was born — Kosina, now tiie wife of James Quill, one of tbe most suc- cessful fruit growers in this part of the county. With his faithful daughter, the subject of this sketch is now spending the evening of his life. James Quill owns thirty-seven acres of land where he resides, one mile south of Downey, and is devoting it to the cultivation of fruit, oranges and grapes principally. lie also owns sixty acres of land one mile and a half south of Downey. On this place the principal products are fruit and alfalfa. A vineyard of thirty acres yielded him a gross profit of $3,000 in one year. February 22, 1882, Mr. Quill was united in marriage with Miss Rosina Allen. They have been blessed with an interesting family of four children: Oliver James, Charles Allen, Joseph Armstrong and Angelina. Judge Allen died about ten days after the data was obtained for this sketch. tEV. JOHN C. ARDIS, deceased, was born in Greene County, Georgia, August 31, 1823. His parents were John and Martha (Stalins) Ardis, the iather a native of Beach Island and of German origin, and the mother of Scotch-Irish descent. He moved with his parents to Russell County, Alabama, when about si.xteen years of age; graduated at Emory College at Oxford, Georgia, in 1846, and was licensed to preach by John W. Starr, in 1847. In 1848 he married Miss Fannie A. Harris, a daughter of Briton D. Harris, a native of Geor- gia and a member of the State Legislature for several years. Her mother's name was Sarah A. [nee Walton), a native of Alabama. The subject of this sketch was principal of the Fe- male Academy at Salem, Alabanui, for ten con- secutive years, and was also Grand Lecturer of the Masonic fraternity of Alabama. In 1859 he moved to Union CouTity, Arkansas, and hud charge of the El Dorado Female Academy for eight years, until his health failed and he was compelled to give up teaching. He was or- dained deacon by Bishop Andrew, of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, S.)utii, in 185(5, and was ordained elder by Bishop Paine, in 1860. In the winter of 1867-'68, he set out for the far West, and arrived in Los Angeles County in July, 1868, where he bought him a home of fifty-five acres of land, and devoted the most of the remaining part of his life to farming and beautifying his home. On December 24, 1877, he quietly fell asleep; his death was a triumph- ant one. He was a man given to much labor in the ministry until the latter part of his life, when his health failed. He was buried by the Masonic fraternity. The following are the names of the children of John C. and Fannie A. (Harris) Ardis: John D., Isaac L., Sallie A., wife of A. S. Gray, a' merchant of Downey, California; Lida T., wife of W. B. Crawford, deceased; she is now engaged in teaching in the public school of Downey; Julius 11., who gradu- ated at Emory College, Oxford, Georgia, and is now a law student under Ilaygood & Douglas, of Atlanta, Georgia; Fannie A., wife of James N. Pemberton, Principal of the public school of Alameda District, and a member of the board of education of Los Angeles County; Willie M. and Julia. The latter two being minors, are still at home. John D. Ardis, the eldest, is the administrator of the estate, and is now carrying on the interests of the farm. -^^€ fDA IlILLIS ADDIS was born in Leaven- worth City, Kansas. Her people, who liad been slave-owners, had fled from Lawrence, Kansas, about the time of her parents' marriage, to escape from the persecutions of the faction headed by "Jim" Lane. Her father, Alfred Shea Addis, was of blood-kin to the Addis and Emmet families of well-known record, and her maternal grandfather, twice removed, was that illiterate but loyal and sterling backwoodsman, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. James Harrod, wlio entered Kentucky with Daniel Eoone, and who, according to the school histories, "built the first log-cabin within the present limits of Kentucky." Miss Addis says the favorite admonition of her mother's mother, when she or her brother did any thing wrong, was: " Your Grandfather Harrod would not liave done that!" Mr. Addis moved with his fan)ily, after some time spent in Mexico, to Los Angeles, in 1872. Miss Addis graduated from our High School and passed her exami- nation, and commenced teaching in this city when quite young. Her knowledge of the Spanish language enabled her to do good work in the schools where that was the vernacular of many of the pupils. Miss Addis early showed her literary aptitude both in poetry and prose. Her delineations of Spanish types of character in her stories in the San Francisco Argonaut^ and other journals, which have been widely copied; her terse and often dramatic presenta- tion and analysis of the action of the persons and episodes she describes; her picturing of Mexican traits and customs in various American newspapers, since her residence during the last three or four years in the City of Mexico; and linally her discovery of the lost art of luster- iiig "Iridescent Pottery," as described by her and by Mr. W. C. Prime, in Harper's Magazine for August, 1889, have combined to give her a national npputation. Her kindly appreciation of Mexican character, her talents and her personal worth have given her the entre to some of the best families in Mexico. Miss Addis's friends believe she has a brilliant future before her. fll. ADAMS ANi. G. F. ADAMS com- pose the dental firm of Adams Jirothers, * whose offices are at No. 23 South Spring street. They are natives of Michigan, but for a number of years before coming to California their home was in Peoria, Hlinois, where G. F. Adams studied dentistry with one of the lead- ing practitioners of tluit city. In 1882 he came to California and, locating in Los Angeles, began the practice of dentistry. His brother, who had preceded him several years to the l^icific Coast, liecame associated with him as a partner under the above firm title. Their busi- ness career has been one of uninterrupted pros- perity as the reward of enterprise and studious application. Both being skilled operative den- tists, they have a large clientage in that branch, while in mechanical dentistr}' they do the lead- ing business in the city, employing several as sistants. They make a specialty of treating diseased teeth, and of extracting when they cannot be saved. The Adams Brothers are ex- tensively known and have earned a proud repu- tation in and outside of the profession for their excellent work in this branch of dentistry. The aggregate earnings of their office runs from $800 to $1,300 a month. The elder brother, S. H. Adams, came to California in 1875. He is thirty-eight, and G. F. Adams is twenty-five years old. Their parents still reside in Peoria, Illinois, where they have lived for the [)ast fifteen years. tEV. SAMUEL M. ADAMS, of Downey, was born near the city of Montgomery, Alabama, August 8, 1827, and is the son of Abrain and Nancy (Morgan) Adams. Her father. Dr. Lemuel Morgan, was born and edu- cated in Wales, and died in Florida. Francis Adams, the paternal grandfather of Samuel Adams, was a son of Abrain Adams, and came to America about the year 1768. lie was of Scotch-Irish origin and a pioneer of South Carolina. The father of the subject of this sketch moved from Alabama to Mississippi in 1834, and there educated his children. There Samuel was licensed to preach, in 1856, and joined the Alabama Conference in the fall of that year, at once taking work and continuing in active ministerial work in that conference till he came to California. In 1861, in Greene County, Alabama, the marriage certMuony was HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. celebrated between him and Miss Meekie Will- iams, of Greene County, Alabama, the daughter of Benjamin and Edna (Hitt) Williams. Her parents were members of the old Scotch-Irish colony, with the parents of Samuel Adams, in Carolina. In 1850 Mr. xVdams came to Califor- nia as a gold-seeker, but after four years he re- turned to his home in the East. His citizenship in this county dates from the year 1868 when he landed with his family. He first purchased a small farm of forty-seven acres near Savannah, where he lived for ten years. This he afterward sold, and in 1881 he bought fifty acres where he now lives. Since coming to this county, and indeed all his life, his great aim has been to preach the gospel and save souls. Itev. Mr. Adams is an able instructor in intellectual as well as in spiritual things, having served as principal of Los Nietos Institute for two years. At present he sustains a superannuated relation to the conference, but preaches frequently, and in his leisure hours is engaged in taking care of his fruit orchard and garden. Mr. and Mrs. Adams have reared a family of eight children: Maud, now the wife of E. P. Dismukes; Sue Smith, wife of Frank Goodall; Mary, Bee, Samuel, Laura S., Madge and Grace. fON JUAN BANDINI was prominent, both as a citizen of Los Angeles and of San Diego. His second wife, Dona Re- fugio Bandini, is still a resident of this city. Mrs. Colonel Baker, Mrs. Charles R. Johnson and Mrs. Dr. Winston are daughters of Don Juan. Juan, Jr., and Arturo Bandini are his sons. |0N MANUEL REQUENA was a native 1l|fl of Yucatan. He came to Los Angeles many years ago, and, being a well edu- cated man, he became a very influential and useful citizen. He lived on the east side of Los Angeles street and north of the street opened through his garden and named after him. He held many official positions here in early times, including the office of alcalde. He caused a census to be taken in 1836. He died in June, 1876. tAMON ALEXANDER was a native of France, and was born in 1825. He came to California in '48 or '49. He built the " Round House," on Main street between Third and Fourth. He was at one time in the forwarding business at San Pedro witli Banning & Timms. He married a Valdez and died in 1870, leaving several sons and daughters. — CS-K fEORGE AIKEN, a prosperous farmer re- siding one and one-half miles northeast of Compton, is one of the representative citizens of Los Angeles County. He was born in Quebec, Canada, in 1842, and is the son of James and Mariah (Smith) Aiken. His parents were both born in Scotland and came to Canada at an early day. James Aiken was a mill- wright by trade, but followed farming princi- pally. He died in 1879 and his wife in 1877. They had a family of eleven children, all living except one, and nine being older than the sub- ject of this sketch. They are widely scattered now, some being in Scotland, some in Canada, and George the only one in California. After leaving his native country Mr. Aiken went to Colorado, where he engaged in teaming for two years. In 1865 he located in Utah, where he followed the same occupation until 1867, in which year he went to Nevada, where he con- tinued teaming for fifteen years. He then came to Los Angeles County and purchased sixty-five acres of land where he now resides. This place is all well improved, his principal crops being grain and alfalfa. He also raises some good grades of stock. Mr. Aiken was married in his native country, in 1879, to Miss Mary A. UISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Reid. She is the daughter of Nichohis Reid, a native of the Emerald Isle. Mr. and Mrs. Aiken liave an interesting family of four chil- dren: Ira Allen, Geori;e, Jennie, and Claudie. Politically, Mr. Aiken is a strong snpjiorter of the principles as taught by the Repul)lican party. tBEL STEARNS was for many years a prominent man in Los Angeles County. He was born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1799. He came to Los Angeles nearly sixty years ago. He became the owner of land in the southern part of Los Angeles County, equal in extent to a European Duchy; and his cattle roamed and roared "on a thousand hills" like the "bulls of Bashan." It used to be re- ported that he branded as many as 800 calves annually. His home was for many years on the site of the present "Raker Block." He died in 1871. His widow, a daughter of Don Juan Randiiii, after his death niarried Colonel R. S. Raker. fHARLES L. DUCOMMUN is a native of Switzerland. He lias resided in Los Angeles City about forty years, engaged most of the time in merchandising. He is a thorough business man and is highly esteemed in the community. He has been twice mar- ried and has several children. ■ '^■'^&^ .l^OBERT S. ARNETT was born in Henry f^ County, Tennessee, in 181G. His father, Samuel Arnett, a native of Vi rginia, a veteran of the war of 1812, serving under General Jackson. Mr. Arnett's mother, 7iee Ann Reed, a native of Ireland, came to the United States when quite young and was reared and educated in Tennessee. The subject of this sketch was reared as a farmer in his native place until twenty years old, and then went to Carroll County, Mississippi, where he engaged in farm labor, and as soon as he procured the means en- tered an academy for the purpose of fitting him- self as a teacher. He was engaged in farming and school-teaching in Mississippi until 1853, when he came across the plains to California, performing the journey and transporting his family by ox teams. Upon his arrival in the State, he located- in Colusa County, where he engaged in farming until 1857. Mr. Arnett was the first postmaster at Princeton, retaining that position as long as he remained there. The town of Princeton is situated on the farm he formerly occupied. In 1857 he moved to Men- docino County and settled at Little Lake, above Ukiah. There he entered wild land, and for the next ten years was tilling the soil and engaging in extensive stock-raising. He also established and taught the first school ever opened in Little Lake Valley. In 1867 he sold out his business in that county and came to Los Angeles County and located in the San Jose Valley, upon the old Palomaris Tract, just north of what is now the flourishing city of Pomona. For two years he occupied the Palomaris homestead on the old San Bernardino road, where he kept a hotel, well remembered by the old settlers and travelers of that period. In 1874 he came to Spadra and for two years rented land of A. T. Currier, upon which he engaged in general farming, after which he purchased fifty acres of land just west of and adjoining Spadra, upon which he fixed his residence and devoted himself to its improve- ment and cultivation. With the exception of a family orchard, his land is devoted to hay, grain and stock purposes. He has a fine field of alfalfa of eight acres in extent, which without the aid of irrigation is producing abundant crops. On this place are good substantial im- provements — mostly built by himself — includ- ing two cottages, barn, etc. Mr. Arnett has been a resident of Los Angeles County for over twenty years. He is well known throughout the San Jose Valley, and is a respected and UI8T0RY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. esteemed citizen in the community in wliicli he resides. Pie has for many years been a deacon in the Baptist Clinrch, in tlie success of which he has taken a life-long interest. In political matters he is a consi.>-tent Democrat. In 1846 Ml-. Arnett married Miss Malinda E. Norman, uho died Dtcemher 23, 1868. Of the seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Arnett, there are four living, viz. : Ji^amnel E., Isabelle S., Ella M. and Susan. The second child, Robert F., died in 1850,aged twoyears. Thefourth child, George Carroll, married Elizabeth Mitchell, and died in 1886, at the age of thirty-two years. The sixth child, William, died in 1885, aged twenty-six. Samuel E. married Miss Hannah Hayes, and is liviiig with his family on the old homestead, the care and cultivation of which is UTider liis im- mediate supervision. Isabelle S., now Mrs. James M. Fryer, is living at Spadra. Ella M. married Henry Fryer and they are residents of I'omona. Susan is living with her father. «HARLES D. AMBROSE.— Among the pirominent men in the business circles of Pomona during the past three j'ears, is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He is a native of Jackson County, Michigan, born May 3, 1840. He is a descendant of old families of New England. His parents, Samuel and Mary A. (Maine) Ambrose, settled in Wash- tenaw County, Michigan, in 1836, and later in the county of his birth. In 1849 his father came to California as one of the pioneers of this State, and the subject of this sketch then entered the family of his uncle, who resided in Winne- bago County, Wisconsin, where he was reared and schooled until the age of fifteen years. He then engaged as a clerk in a general merchan- dise store and followed that occupation until reaching his majority, at which time. he entered into business upon his own account, establishing a store at Omro, Winnebago County, which he conducted until 1865. In that year he engaged adi and freighting upon the Michigan shore, and to Lakes Huron and Superior, own- ing a fine schooner used in his trade, and which in the second year lie took charge of as its master-. During the winter stasons he engaged in driving cattle from the Fox River Valley to the copper mines of Lake Superior, a distance of over 250 miles, through the almost trackless forests of Wisconsin. Mr. Ambrose followed these laborious and active pursuits until 1868, and then came to California. After a visit to the mining sections, he located at San Jose and entered the employ of T. W. Spring, a promi- nent merchant of that city, as a clerk, salesman and auctioneer. He was thus employed until 1872, when he entered into the clothing busi- ness at Vallejo, with A. P. Voorhees, under the tirm name of Voorhees & Co. In 1875 he moved to Ukiah, Mendocino County, and for many years was engaged in one of the largest mercantile and trading establishments in that section. He first established the business under his own name, which after several changes was conducted under the well-known firm name of Taylor, Taft & Ambrose. The failure of the hop crops in that section preceding 1886 re- sulted in a suspension and a dissolution of the partnership, and Mr. Ambrose, alter meeting his obligations, found himself nearly round financially; but, nothing daunted, he sought new fields of labor, and, coming south, estab- lished his residence in Pomona. His only capital was an active, energetic disposition, trained business habits and square, straightfor- ward dealing. These soon secured his success in business as a real-estate dealer and agent, and gained him a large circle of friends. Mr. Ambrose has considerable landed interests in the county, among which is a fine 240-acre tract at San Diinas, at the month of the San Dimas Canon. The present improvement upon this land is six acres of citrus fruits. Fully eighty acres of this land are specially adapted to citrus- fruit cultivation, having plent}^ of water and rarely affected by frost. The subject of this sketch is deeply interested in the future growth of the city of Pomona, and always lends his aid HISTORY OF LOS ANQEIES COUNT T. to any enterprise tending to advance its inter- ests. In December, 1888, lie was appointed a notary public and still holds that office. He is a member and the Master of Pomona Lodge, No. 24G, F. & A. M. He is a member of the Bajitist Church, in which he takes a great in- terest. Politically, he is a straight-out Repub- lican and a worker in the ranks of iiis party. In 1809 Mr. Ambrose married Miss Ada H. Treadway, the daughter of Dr. Kicliard M. Treadway, a former resident and well-known physician of Sonoma County. Her mother, Nanc}' J. (Chapman) Treadway, was a native of South Bend, Indiana. Mrs. Ambrose died No- vember 7, 1879, leaving one child, Mary Louise. In 1885 he married Miss Laura Brown, a native of Lexington, Virginia, the daughter of John L. and Susan J. (Agner) Brown, also a native of that State. By this marriage there is one child, Nellie Edwards. The father of Mr. Ambrose is now a resident of Tuolumne County, this State, engaged in mining, an occupation which he has followed in California for nearly forty years. fAMES M. ARMOUR was born in Belfast, Maine, November 15, 1839. His father, Andrew Armour, was a native of New Hampshire, who settled in Maine, and engaged in ship-building and farming, and later, when the subject of this sketch was but seven years old, settled in Orland, and afterward moved to Ellsworth, where Mr. Armour was reared as a farmer until he reached his majority. He then engaged in stock-dealing and trading in agri- cultural implements. His father died in 1864, and in 1871 Mr. Armour came to California, and after a short stay in San Francisco went to Washington Territory, where he was occupied in the lumber and commission business until the fall of 1873. He then came to Los Angeles County, and iixed his residence in the San Jose Valley, wiiere he located 160 acres of Govern- ment land, about four miles east of Pomona and enu in general farming and Ijee- mg. He was one of the first to enter into orange cultivation, making his venture with the Tahiti seedlings. In 1882 he sold his land to the Po- mona Land ana Water Company, established his residence in Pomona and commenced an active business career as a builder and real-estate dealer, purchasing lots and erecting residence buildings, which he sold or rented. In 1885 he bought the carriage shops and agricultural implement works of W. E. Martin, and eon- ducted the same until 1885. After selling out that business, he entered more extensively into real-estate business, under the firm name of Armour, Evans & Co., and was until 1888 also actively engaged in conducting the business of the Central Hotel. Mr. Armour has for years been identified with the growth and prosperity of the city of Pomona, and has been connected with some of the most substantial enterprises and improvements projected in that rapidly growing city. He is now a large owner of city residence and business property, and also of farm property in the county. A man of liberal views and progressive business principles, he is a firm believer in the future prosperity of his beautiful city and valley, and is willing to de- vote time and means to such enterprises as aid in developing the resources and encouraging immigration into Los Angeles County. He was one of the incorporators and projectors of the Pomona Street Railroad Company, and is now a director in the company. He is a member of Pomona Lodge, No. 225, A. 0. U. W. In political matters Mr. Armour is a life-long Re- publican, and may alwaj's be found battling in the ranks of the best elements of that party. Mr. Armour is unmarried. His mother, Mrs. Eliza (Parker) Armour, is now residing with him in Pomona. He his also a sister living with him. ^#»^i-^ O. BAXTER, of Santa Monica, is one of the true pioneers of California. His connection with her interests dates back March, IS47. He was born in Buckingham- UISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. sliire, England, January 18, 1827, and is a son of John M. Baxter, a native of Oxford, England, who came to this country in 1831, and was for- merly in the East India service. The subject of this sketch was reared principally in Ver- mont, at St. Albans, in Franklin County. On the first day of August, 1846, he was sworn into the service against Mexico, by Colonel Bankhead, in New York City. He enlisted in Company E, Captain Taylor, First New York Volunteers, Colonel J. D. Stevenson He i^erved two years, one month and eighteen days, and was discharged at Los Angeles, September 18, 1848, having come by way of Cape Horn to San Francisco. Almost as soon as he was out of the service he went to the mines, first in Califor- nia, then to Australia and New Zealand in 1853, where he remained nine years. Then he came to Britii-h Columbia in 18G2, and in 1865 went to South America, where he mined till 1867. In 1869 he went to White Pine, Nevada, and in 1875 to Santa Monica. While in Nevada, how- ever, he found the partner of his life, who was Miss Ellen Rumm, a native of Canada, and daughter of John Rumm, of Ireland. They were married October 2, 1873. They have five children, wdiose names are as follows: Alice Mabel, Grace Edith, Fraiices Ellen, William Owen and Florence Monica. fRUDENT BEAUURY.— The name of Pru- dent Beaudry occupies a prominent position in the municipal history of Los Angeles. Ever since the year 1852 his untiring energy and business sagacity have made themselves felt in the afl'airs of the community. By nature quick of perception, and unflagging in industry, he could foresee far into the future, and having tnade his selection of a mode of action, labored inces- santly, and waited patiently, for the outcome he was certain would follow. And he usually suc- ceeded in his enterprises. He was a native of Sr. Annedes Plaines, Province of Quebec, Can- atla. His father was a mercliant. Both his parents were natives of Canada, but of French ancestry. The family was a large one, and all of the sons developed a marked ability in their various lines of life. The Hon. J. L. Beaudry attained the distinguished position of mayor of Montreal, which position he filled for ten years, while the other brothers became eminent mer- chants and importers, the name becoming of great importance in the business, social and polit- ical world of Montreal. Prudent Beaudry was educated in the French schools of Canada, and in an English school in the city of New York. After some time spent in traveling in the United States, he became connected witii a mercantile house in New Orleans, where he remained two years. In 1842 he began business on his own account, in partnership with a brother in the city of Montreal. Though still quite young, he vis- ited England and Scotland for the purpose of purchasing goods, in which he was quite success- ful; and after carrying on a large business till 1850, he sold out his interest to one of his broth- ers, and turned his face westward, determined to identify his future with that of this Western land of gold. In San Francisco he met his brother Victor, who had come to California in 1849, and who was engaged in a very profitable commission and shipping business. Business conditions were at that time very changeable in San Francisco, and the two brothers decided to go into a general mercantile business. Prudent embarking his whole capital, amounting to $26,000, in the venture. The Nicaragua Canal, still unbuilt, was even then much discussed, and Victor, attracted by this new field of enterprise, sold his interest in the business to Prudent, and left for Central America, Prudent continuing the business, and clearing in two and a half months $83,000, by taking advantage of the great fluctua- tion in prices. This was, however, all lost in a short time by two great fires, and by the arrival of several cargoes of sugar and other commodi- ties in which he dealt, which greatly overstocked the market. Some curious experiences were passed through by those early pioneers in busi- ness, and prices went to a limit that seems mar- ^2^^>^ UISrORT OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. veloas ill the light of our more stable conditions. During the lire which destroyed his stores, Mr. Beaudry paid as high as $20 per load for remov- ing his goods, some requiring several removals and finally beingdestroyed. Cotton cloth was then a common house covering, and common tacks were in great demand to fasten it, and at one time, there being but 400 packages in stock in the city, they sold at $4.00 a paper at auction, and finally retailed at $16 a package. When the market became overstocked with goods, almost any use was made of them, and Mr. Beaudry walked on sidewalks on Montgomery street made of boxes of plug tobacco and other goods. The Argonauts had peculiar ways. In 1852 Mr. Beaudry came to Los Angeles, bringing as his start in the new field his whole capital, now re- duced to $1,100 in goods, and less than $200 in coin. He opened a small store in the Bauchet property on Main street, opposite the site now occupied by the Baker Block. His selections of goods to meet the market were made with good judgment, and in thirty days he had $2,000 and part of his stock left. After changing his li)ca'- tion to Commercial street and successively do- ing business with a partner named Brown and one named Le Maitre, each of whom he bought out, he carried on the business alone. In 1854 Mr. Beaudry purchased the property on the cor- ner of Aliso and Los Angeles streets, subse- quently known as Beaudry Block, at a cost of $11,000 and after expending $25,000 in im- provements, he brought the rents from $300 to $1,000 per month. Intense application to busi- ness had begun to tell even upon his most ex- cellent physical constitution, and in 1855 he vis- ited Paris for the purpose of consulting the emi- nent oculist. Sichel, for his eyes, but with little or no benefit. After remaining some time in Europe, during which time he visited the Great Exposition, he returned to Montreal, where he remained until 1861, with occasional visits to the States. Returning to California, he continued business in the Beaudry Block till 1865, when, on account of serious ill-health, he retired, having in the last three years cle:ireil over $40,000. After recovering his health, Mr. Beaudry became interested in the Slate Range Gold and Silver Mining Company, which was his debtor for a large amount for goods furnished. This com- pany had a mill of thirteen stamps, twelve build- ings and six mines, on which it had expended $140,000. It was sold at sheriffs sale, and Mr. Beaudry bid it in. The Indians were then hos- tile, and some roving bands set the works on fire and destroyed tiiem, leaving Mr. Beaudry only the insurance for his compensation. Tliis real- ized him but $6,000; after which he let mining ventures severely alone. In 1867 he turned his attention to real estate, foreseeing a marvelous growth for his favorite city of Los Angeles. He began by buying the steep hillside of New High street, opposite the Pico House, at sheriff's sale, for $55. On this he built houses and otherwise improved it. He then purchased twenty acres bounded by Hill, Second, Fourth and Charity streets, for $517, which he divided into eighty lots and sold, realizing about $30,000. His next venture was the thirty-nine acres between Fourth, Sixth, Grand avenue and Pearl, on which he realized over $50,000, and the present value of which is hard to estimate, as it includes some of the finest property in the city. Mr. Beaudry was the first to popularize real estate and bring it within the reach of men of small means, by selling on small monthly payments. Many a happy home became the property of the poor man by means of this. Having great faith in the future of the hill section of the city, his con- stant thought was to devise some means of sup- plying the high hills with water. He became interested in the Los Angeles City Water Com- pany, at its organization in 1868, in company with Messrs. Grithn, Downey, Meyer, Lepan, Lazard and Mott. They first bought the fran- chise and works of Sansevain, who, with Mar- cliessault, had laid down some wooden pipes. Mr. Beaudry became the leading spirit of the new organization, and was its first president, and for several years a director. The company at once proceeded to pnrcliase and lay down twelve miles of iron water mains. Mr. Beaudry had niSTOBY OF LOS ANGELES C0UNT7. great faith in tlie bill portion of tlie city, and as the main efforts of the City Water Company were directed to supplying the lower portions, Mr. Beandry withdrew, and devoted himself to the perfection of a high service system, which would supply water to the high hills west of the city, then utterly barren, and now, as a result of this man's sagacity, nerve, and expenditure, cov- ered with elegant residences and business blocks, and forming the inost charming quarter of the citv. Money was then plentiful with Mr. Beau- dry, and he expended it like water, in grading streets and laying down pipes and building res- ervoirs and planting out parks and trees. The water was pumped from springs near Alameda street, a distance of nearly one mile, and raised it to an elevation of about 200 feet into res- ervoirs, and from there ran through distribu- ting pipes by gravitation. This system finally passed into other hands, and is now known as the Citizens' Water Company. In 1875 Mr. Beaudry joined with Hon. B. D. Wilson in an enterprise at San Gabriel, which promised great results, but, owing to the death of Mr. Wilson and the failnreof the Temple & Workman Bank, legal complications ensued, and after going twice to the Supreme Court, the last decision of which radically differed from and modified the first, Mr. Beaudry found that lie bad lost all his vent- ure, amounting to over $40,000, and a half in- terest in land that is now worth not less than $10,000,000. This decision Mr. Beaudry always regarded as unjust. The "Canal and Eeser- voir " system was inaugurated by Mr. Beaudry and George Hansen, with others. They brought water from the I^os Angeles River and con- structed the dam for Reservoir No. 4. In tlie course of his real-estate operations Mr. Beaudry has donated to the public at least fifty miles of streets and has expended for opening and grad- ing streets in the hill portion of the city about $200,000. In 1887 Mr. Beaudry purchased the land on the west side of New High street, which was then a hill fifty or sixty feet high, and was historic ground. He demolished the buildings, including the old adobe that formerly served for a jail, and then graded the whole down to the level of New High street, and con structed a retaining wall 565 feet long and fifty feet bigh,ata cost of about $100,000. From 1873 to 1875 Mr. Beaudry served the city as coun- cilman, and in December, 1875, entered the con- test for the mayoralty. After a sharp campaign, he was elected. There werefour candidates, and Mr. Beaudry received ninety votes more than all the other three put together. It was a transi- tion period for Los Angeles, and the sei'vices of just such a clear-headed, energetic and incor- ruptible man as Mr. Beaudry were needed to guide the struggling youjig city through the difficulties of changing from a Spanish Ameri- can town to the proud position of being the commercial and political rival of San Francisco. Many were the schemes projected whereby the rich resources of the town would be used for the advancement of the materia] interests of some of the many incipient boodlers that abounded, and who found in Mr. Beaudry a barrier to their free access to the municipal treasure box "that was not at all to their liking. During his administration many important Bteps in the progress of the city were made, and it was this term also that witnessed the culmination of the hopes of the yonng city for direct rail connec- tion with the outside world, and Mr. Beaudry officiated on behalf of the city with Messrs. Crocker, Stanford, Colton and Towne, of the Southern Pacific Company, in perfecting this bond of union, by driving near Tehachepi the golden spike that completed the railroad from San Francisco to Los Angeles. The occasion was commemorated by a grand banquet, at which Mayor Beaudry presided, and at which the visit- ing railroad magnates were suitably entertained. In 1886 Mr. Beaudry and his brother Victor, who had returned to Los Angeles, started the Temple Street Cable Road, and built one and a half miles. The road proved quite successful, and in 1888 and 1889 the road was extended to the city limits and double tracked from Spring street to Union avenue. A temperate life, backed by an excellent constitution, has enabled the HISTORY OF LOS ASGELE6 VOUNTY. subject of this sketcli to undergo the great strain of an active business life since boyhood, with little deterioration of energy and activity, and he still gives a personal attention to his large busi- ness interests, and still remains a large factor in the material advancement of this city. The brother, Victor Beaudry, heretofore mentioned, was for a long time a resident of Los Angeles. Coming to California in 1849, and to Los Angeles in 1855, he, with others, turned the waters of tlie San Grabrlel River for mining purposes. After spending some time In Los Angeles, with vary- ing fortunes, he was, in 1861, made Sutler of the First Regiment of Infantry, United States regular army, and went East to the seat of war, and was with the army till the close of the war, suffering many hardslilps which greatly im- paired his health. Officers of the army who had become warm friends of his were afterward sta- tioned at Camp Independence, Inyo County, Cal- ifornia, and they invited him to open a store at that point. This he did, and later acquired in- terests In the Cerro Gordo Mines, wlilcli he worked, in company with Mr. M. W. Belshaw, with great success. The product In base bullion was for years hauled 200 miles to San Pedro for sliipment to San Francisco, the output being for many years about 5,000,000 pounds per annum. It required a force of 400 mules to transport the bullion and supplies to and from the camp. The late Remle Nadeau, the builder of the Nadeau Hotel, was the manager of this portion of the business. The extensive business thus devel- oped stimulated the project of constructing the Los Angeles & Independence Railroad. After the completion of the Southern Pacific Railroad to Mojave, the bullion was hauled to that point for shipment. In 1872 Mr. Victor Beaudry re- turned to Montreal, where he was married dur- ing the following year to a daughter of M. Le- blanc. Sheriff of Montreal. The result of this union was five children, now residing wltli their inotiier in Montreal, where Victor died in 18S8, having resldeil in i.o.s Angeles from 1881 to 1886, where he Mlt, 1). lany • ith his brother 1 forested in real estate. The other brothers meantime were passing lives full of interest and far removed from the common- place. The Honorable Jean Louis Beaudry was a self-made man in the broadest sense of the word. Having left his village at the age of fourteen, he commenced his career as a clerk In a dry-goods store, a position which he held both in Montreal and Merrlcksville, Upper Canada, for eleven years. He was full of life and activ- ity; his fiery patriotism could not remain indif- ferent to the dramatic events which characterized the politics of that period. As early as 1827 he signed the famous petition against the contem- plated union of Lower and Upper Canada, now Ontario and Quebec Provinces. Five years later he was thrown out of employment for the active part he had taken in the election of the celebrated French leader, Paplneau, during which three of Mr. Beaudry's countrymen lost their lives in bloody encounters with the enemy. This act of injustice and Interference with his freedom as a citizen eventually led to his success in life. He went immediately into partnership with his brother, Jean Baptiste, who had followed him to Montreal. During fifteen years they carried on an extensive dry-goods business. Together with three other rich firms of Montreal, they were the first French-Canadian merchants who ever imported their goods from Europe. During the interval Mr. Beaudry crossed the Atlantic twelve times, and formed a solid and lasting basis for the large fortune he leftto his children. All this, how- ever, did not divert the young patriot from the interest he took in the destiny of his country. The stormy events of 1837 were at hand, and Jean Louis Beaudry went body and soul into the revolutionary movement. He had been chosen vice-president of the " Sons of Liberty," and i t was In his own house that the manifesto which made this association conspicuous in Canadian history was signed. On the 6th of November an open fight took place in the streets of Montreal, the Sons of Liberty being attacked by a Tory organ- ization, called the Doric Club. The latter were promptly dispersed, but Mr. Beaudry was ar- rested. His arrest, however, hai! no elfcct up..n uisTonr OF los anoeles county. him, tbi-, having recovered liis liberty on his own bail, he more than ever gave vent to his anti- British sentiments; so that, after the defeat of the Patriots at St. Charles and St. Eustache, he had to cross the borders with the principal lead- ers of the insurrection, and took refuge in the United States. The next year the attempt at independence broke out anew. During seven months Mr. Beaudry had been actively engaged in preparing for the new struggle, and when the American Government thought proper to put a stop to a movement organized against a foreign country, within the limits of its jurisdiction, the future mayor of Montreal was actually march- ing against that city with a supply of 43,000 cartridges he had himself manufactured at Mont- pelier. After the general amnesty which fol- lowed the union of the two provinces of Canada, Mr. Beaudry returned to his native land and re- sumed his business. Twice he was a candidate for parliamentary honors in the city of Montreal, in 1854 and 1858. He, however, was defeated in both instances, his opponents being the fa- mous Darcy McGee, and Sir A. A. Dorion, who became later on Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench, after having held the portfolio of Prime Minister. In 1862 Mr. Beaudry was elected mayor of Montreal against the Ilotiora- ble Mr. Bodier, who became afterward his col- league in the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec. The ne.xt year he was returned by acclamation for another term. In 1864 he was returned again in spite of a strong opposition on tlie part of Mr. Doherty, now a judge of the Superior Court of Canada. The following year he was once more elected by acclamation, and after having served a fourth term, he voluntarily retired and was appointed to a seat in the Leg- islative Council of the Province. In the mean- while Mr. Beaudry had been busily engaged in forwarding the commercial development and general progress of the Canadian metropolis. He took the lead in several iinancial enterprises of great importance, and in particular was a founder of the well-known Jacques Cartier Bank. In 1877 his reputation as an able business man was such that the citizens of Montreal thought they could not adopt a better means of restoring the low condition of the city budget than to call him back to the civic chair. Such also was the success of liis administration "that the next year he was re elected unanimously. His defeat by a small majority in 1879 was purely accidental, and in 1881 Montreal assumed again her alle- giance to her old favorite mayor, who once more remained in ofBce for three consecutive years. No one had ever before held for so long a period this high and responsible position. As a man, Mr. Beaudry was remarkable, conscientious, en- ergetic and plucky. This last quality he exhib- ited particularly in the conflict which arose in Montreal on the 12th of July, 1877, between the Irish Catholics and the Orangemen, when the old gentleman faced the mob like a young hero and won the day through his wonderful coolness and intrepidity. Since 1864 he wore the cross of St. Olaf, a Swede and Norwegian order. The Honorable Joseph Ubaid Beaudry, a cousin of Prudent and Victor, attained very high rank in the legal and political world of Canada, and has left the imprint of his genius on the laws of that country. He early applied himself to the study of the law, and in the year 1838 was admitted to the practice of the profession. Almost im- mediately afterward he was appointed clerk of a court which has been abolished since, and which was then called the Cour des Requetes. Al'ter quitting this office, held at St. Hyacinthe, he returned to Montreal and practiced his pro- fession with brilliant success until 1850. On the 12th of April of that year, Mr. Beaudry was ap- pointed clerk to the Court of Queen's Bench, in Apjieal and Error. In 1855 he also acted as a clerk of the S;ignorial Court. In 1859, when the commission forthecoditication of the Lower Can- ada laws was appointed, Mr. Beaudry was named to the office of joint secretary with Honorable Mr. Ramsay, who also died a judge of the Superior Court. How well he discharged the duties of that important position may be inferred from the fact that on the death of Honorable Justice Morin, in 1865, Mr. Beaudry was at once appointed to IIISTORT OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. replace hitn on the comiiiission. The Lower Canada code of civil procedure is generally un- derstood to have been largely, if not solely, his work. The performance of these high and re- sponsible duties naturally marked Mr. Beaudry out for judicial preferment, and in December, 1868, having resigned his office as clerk of ap- peals, he was appointed judge of the Superior Court, which position he continued to hold up to the time of his death, in a manner that could not be more highly creditable to his ability and integrity. He was reputed as an exceedingly conscientious man, who ]irepared every judg- ment and order with as much deliberation and care as if he were writing a legal treatise. In spite of the numerous occupations of his profes- sional career. Judge Beaudry gave evidence on many occasions of his inclination for literary work. As early as 1845 he was a contributor to the Revue de Lea8einent of the building and a warehouse in the rear. Under Mr. l-Jowen's etficient inan- airement, the history of the i)usin(!ss shows a HISTORY OF LOS AJ^IQBLES COUNTY. continuous career of prosperity. The volume of its trade is one of tlie largest enjoyed by any retail grocery in this part of the State, and among its regular patrons are many of the lead- ing families of Los Angeles City and county. Mr. and Mrs. Bowen have hut one child, Kita K., eleven years of age. ^>^?. S ,, ; . ^. ...^ B. BOYCE, who is engaged in the law. real estate, loan and insurance * business on Utah avenue, Santa Mon- ica, California, is a native of New York, born in 1831. His father was a millwright by trade, and later in life a manufacturer. His mother died in New York State in 1864, after which his father moved to Illinois where he died in 1873. Their two sons both received a college education. From the academy of Charlotteville, New York, under Professor Alonzo Flack, the subject of this sketch entered the sophomore class in Union ^College, New York, and gradu- ated at that institution in 1857, under Dr. Eliphalet Nott. After his graduation he went to Chicago, Illinois, with his brother, M. M. Boyce, and was admitted to practice law in the courts of that State, and formed a copartnership under the firm name of M. M. Boyce & Bro. The senior member of that firm died in 1874, at Independence, Iowa, strickei) down with paraly- sis, while advocating the cause of his client. The shock upon the subject of this sketch, then in rather poor health, caused him to close up all business of the late firm, and seek the invigor- ating climate of California, where a complete restoration to health and enjoyment of life seem to surround liim in the "city by the sea." He has recently become associated with H. S. Le- grand, a successful botanist and nurseryman, under the name of Boyce & Legrand, for the purpose of propagating the finest flowers and j)lants that are known. His green-house and garden, called Exotic Nursery, is a part of his unassuming but cozy home, on the corner of Third street anil California avenue; and here are now some of the most beautiful roses in South- ern California, the climate of this place being especially adapted to their growth and culture. Mr. Boyce was married in 1878 to Miss Julia E. Calkins, who is also a native of the Empire State. Mr. Boyce has served the people of Santa Monica as postmaster for a term of nine years, and for a number of years as justice of the peace and notary public. He was made a Mason in 1857 in St. George's Lodge, No. GO, Schenectady, New York. Mr. Boyce possesses the elements of a successful business man, is courteous,- intelligent and scholarly in his bear- ing, and is highly respected by all who know -^€ H-^- fMRI BULLIS, whose residence is located two and one-half miles north of Compton and nine miles south of the city of Los Angeles, is a pioneer of 1871. He is a native of Columbia County, New York, was born in 1837, and is the son of Joseph J. BuUis, who also was a native of the Empire State, and came to California in 1849, where for several years he engaged in mining. When first coming to the county the subject of this sketch purchased 515 acres of land. Some of it he has since sold and the rest is well improved. He is farming about 200 acres of land in Compton Township, and he also owns lands and lots in difterent parts uf this county, and in San Bernardino County. Near his residence he has one of the finest artesian wells in Southern California. It is 333 feet deep and 7 inches in diameter, flowing at the rate of 2,700 gallons psr minute. At onetime it threw out a stone which weighed two pounds. This well was put down at a cost of over $1,000, and the water is perfectly pure. Before coming to this State Mr. Bullis served Ave years on the metropolitian police force in the city of New York. He left that city November 1, 1867, and landed in San Francisco, November 27, by steamer. Since he has made a home in this county he has traveled extensively in nearly all HISTOnr OF LOS ANGELES COUNT 7. the counties of the State, and in Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, and other States and Territories, and his verdict is that Los Angeles County is sur- passed by none in beauty of scenery, liealthful- ness of climate and productiveness of soil. Mr. Builis was married in 1859 to Miss Mary Con- rey, by whom lie has had three children: "William, now in the employ of the Wells, Fargo Express Company; Lily, who is still at home; and Frankie, who died in infancy. Socially, Mr. Builis is connected with the Masonic fra- ternity, the L O. 0. F. and A. O. U. W. His wife and daughter are members of the Episcopal Church at San Pedro. Mr. Builis is one of the true pioneers, and is always ready to contribute to the advancement of all worthy enterprises. ^l-^-f^ tENKY KIRK WHITE BENT was born ill Weymouth, Massachusetts, October 29, 1831. His parents were natives of Mas- sachusetts, but were descended from English ancestors. He was educated at the Williston Seminary of East Hampton, and at Monson Academy; he prepared to enter Amherst Col- lege, but was prevented from entering by the serious results of the measles on his eyesight. Afterward he went West and engaged in civil engineering in the building of the Kenosha & Rockford Railroad, in Wisconsin, as first assist- ant engineer. In 1858 he came to California, and worked at mining a year at French Corral, Nevada County. He taught school at Downie- ville a year and a half, after which he was elected county surveyor of Sierra County in the fall of 18G1. He pursued the profession of mining engineer till 18()6. He was also elected public administrator during his residence in Sierra County. Mr. Bent was a prominent and influential citizen. He was a member of the board of examiners of the public schools, and during the war he was chairman of the County Republican Committee, etc. His health giving way, lie wont East, and was under med- ical treatiiipiit in liostoii for two years, l)ut without much benefit. He came back to Cali- fornia, and in October of 1868 he came to Los Angeles, where he recovered his health with- out medicine — the climate here, in his opinion, doing more for hiin than all the best doctors could do for him in Boston. As soon as he could attend to business he took the agency of the Santa Gertrudes Land Association, and later he engaged in the sheep business. Mr. Bent took an active part in the establishment of our public library, in the interest of which a mass meeting was held; General Stoneman presided; the matter was discussed and referred to a com- mittee, consisting of Governor Downey, Bent, Newinark, Caswell and Brodrick, who formu- lated the i)lan of our present public library. All of this committee, with other citizens, were made the directors, 'and J. C. Littleiield (now deceased) was appointed the first librarian. Mr. Bent was a member of the committee that drew up the city charter, that for many years pre- ceded the charter now in force. He also was active in political affairs; and in 1873 he was appointed postmaster of Los Angeles, and served till 1877. His predecessor in this office was Captain George J. Clarke, and he was suc- ceeded by Colonel I. R. Dunkelberger. Mr. Bent has been a member and president of the city board of education. He was for many years chairman of the board of trustees of the First Congregational Church of Los Angeles, and superintendent of the Sunday-school. He was vice-president, and often acting-president, of the Southern California Horticultural Soci- ety for a number of years, in its early history^ which in its time was a very useful institution: it has since been merged into a State society. lie is a trustee of Pomona College. In 1855 Mr. Bent married Miss Crawford, of Oakham, Massachusetts. The children of this union are: Florence, now Mrs. Halstead; Arthur S. and Henry S. Mrs. Bent died in 1876. Mr. Bent married a second wife. Miss Mattie Fairinan, in 1878. They have two sons: Charles Edwin and Ernest Fairman. Mr. Bent removed to Pasa- dena in 18S16, where he now resides. Mr. Hunt nii county. is a model man in all the relations of life; he believes that every citizen shonld be a full- lleds^ed citizen, v. t'., that he should assume and perform. no> only the duties which he owes to self, but also every one of those he owes to the eommunity aroniul him. In a word, he is a man of brains and a man i>f conscience. fKANOIS BAKER was born in New Bed- ford, Massachusetts, October 28, 1828. His paternal ancestors for several genera- tions were natives of Massachusetts. His mother, a Greene, traced her ancestry back to Or. John Greene, of Salisbury, England, who came to America in 173t), and who, in company with Roger "Williams, bought Rhode Island tVom Miantonomi, the Indian chief; and wlio founded the town of Warwick in that State, ({eneral Kathaniel Greene, of the Revolution, was a descendant of this same Dr. John Greene. Frank, the subject of this sketch, when at the age of sixteen, went on a whaling voyage to the Indian Ocean. On his return, in 18-i9, he shipyied round Cape Horn for California, arriv- ing in San Francisco in September of that year, lie went to the mines on the Stanislau and worked awhile. He came to Los Angeles in September of the following year. Hislifeduring his residence here of nearly thirty-eight years has been a stirring one, and would prove very interesting if recounted in detail. As under- sheriff, etc., in early times, he came in contact with some pretty rough characters. Being a man of unflinching nerve, he was always a most valuable officer. In 1857 he was a deputy of Sheriff Getman, and shot down the desperado, Reed, who killed Getman January 8, 1858, at the foot of Negro alle}'. In the enconnter, Baker had five holes made in his clothes by Reed's shots before the latter was killed. From 1868 to 1870 he was a deputy under City Mar- shal William C. Warren, who was killed by Joe Dye, in November of the latter year; and in the succeeding December election he was elected city marshal and tax collector for the two fol- lowing years. In 1855 Mr. Baker clerked awhile with N. A. Potter, who had the first legular hardware store here. Mr. Rotter, who was for many years one of Los Angeles' best and most influential citizens, was a native of I'awtucket, Rhode Island. He came to Los Angeles in 1855, bringing with him a stock of goods, and commenced business, tirst in a frame building on Los Angeles street, where Mesna- ger & Co.'s liquor store now is. In 1857 he bought and moved into a two-story brick store on Main street, adjoining the Lafayette Hotel, and on the site of S. Meyer's crockery store. Mr. Potter died in the '60s, leaving one son, Oscar M., his wife having died before him. At first Louis Jazynsky was a partner of Mr. Pot- ter's. Later they dissolved, and each carried on business separately. In 1861 Baker clerked with Y. Bcaudr^', sutler of the two companies of dragoons stationed in Los Angeles, of which Captain, afterward General, Davidson (•' Black Jack") was commander, and Captain, afterward General, Hancock was Quartermaster .In 1871 Mr. Baker married Hannah K. Ryals, who died in May, 1887. Mr. Baker is still a resident of this city. fG. BUTLER, owner and pro]M-ietor of the Signal Hill Nursery, and dealer in real- " estate, came to this county in 1881, and purchased forty acres of the Cerritus Ranch, the flrst acreage sold in the American colony tract north of Long Beach. This nursery con- tains thirt}' acres of all kinds of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubbery, ornamental trees, etc. Mr. Butler is a native of the "Buckeye State," born in Wayne County in 1854, and is the son of Almon Butler, who for a number of years had been engaged in the mercantile busi- ness, and who was a native of Yermont. The subject of this sketch received the benefits of a liberal common-school education. To the knowl- edge acquired in hisyotith he has added largely niSrUHY OF IJJti ANGBLEH COUNTY. by reading and observation. He was married in 1878 to Aliss liosa McClure, daughter of W. D. McClnre, an extensive fruit-grower of Ver- non, California. Mr. Hutier is greatly interested in tlie develoiJinent of Southern California. lie is an enterprising young man, and may be de- pended upon to support and aid all enterprises which have for their object the building up of the community and tiie county in which he resides. ILLIAM MORTON and Mary A. (Moore) Morton were both natives of Oswego County, New York, the former born in 1810 and the latter in 1819. They were married in 1834, and a year later a son was born to them. Two montlis after its birth they removed to Lenawee County, Michigan, where tlicy resided for several years. Here two children were born and the oldest child died. In 1843 they moved to Marshall, Michigan, where they lived sixteen years. In this place, also, two children were born to them and one of the oldest died. In 1859, with their three chiltlren, Mr. and Mrs. Morton started across the plains for California, for the benefit of Mr. Morton's health. In company with a numl>er of families from Marshall, they first went to St. Louis, where they purchased their outfit and then proceeded to St. Joseph, where they joined a train of thirteen wagons. At Salt Lake City they made a stop of two weeks to recruit. There Mr. Morton was compelled to self some of their goods, three of their horses having died on the road from the effects of alkali, thus pre- venting them from taking all their goods to their destination. They arrived in Stockton, California, in September, 1859. and a few months later Mr. Morton rented a farm nine miles from Stockton, and remained there till the next fall. He then purchased a farm of 143 acres joining the rented farm. This he stocked and built on, and here their youngest child, a daughter, was born, and the youngest son died. In 1867 Mrs. Morton's health failed, and they prospected for a liome in Southern California, and, being favorably impressed with Los An- geles County, tliey located near Compton. Mr. Morton's first selection of a farm was on too low ground, and they suffered from the overflow of water. He, however, purchased a farm of 160 acres on what is known as "The Hill," and there established his home. Soon after many houses were built near by, including those of his two sons. Mr. Morton died in 1874. For many years he had been an honorable memhier of the I. O. O. F. fraternity, and also of the P. II., or Granger Society. He be- longed to a historical family, being a second cousin to our Vice-President, Levi P. Morton. He wa« one of the true pioneers of this county, and a man widely known and highly esteemed. Mrs. Morton is still living on the old homestead, one and one-half miles west of Compton. She joined the Rebeccas in 1857, in Michigan, and is still an enthusiastic member. She has been a woman of very great energy, and now at the advanced age of seventy years has all her mental powers unimpaired, and is as active and spry as a girl of fifteen. tD. REDWELL was one of the first set- tlers of iJowney, coming to this place ' April IC, 1866. He is a native of Tennes- see, born April 20, 1820, his parents being James Redwell and Susanna (Rawson) Redwell, the latter of North Carolina. His father moved to Poinsett County, Arkansas, in the year 1840, and there fartned till his death, which occurred in 1860. The mother's death took place in 1866. The subject of this notice was married August 29, 1837, in Marshall County, Tennes- see, to Miss Elizabeth Culver, of North Caro- lina. This union was blessed with five children: Hester A., Samuel C, Mary J., James K. Polk, and Susan Elizabeth. The mother of these children died April 1, 1847, and September same year, Mr. J'edwell, in Jackson A the BISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. County, Arkansas, married Miss Lonisa Ann Pierce, a native of Tennessee. The fruit of this union was one child, Emily C, now the wife oi J. W. Potts, the well-known capitalist of Los Angeles. Mrs. Bedwell died March 1, 1884. October 16, 1885, Mr. Bedwell was again mar- ried, choosing for his third companion Miss Susan C. McComic, also of Tennessee. Of this union one child has been born. Bob W. When first coming to the county Mr. Bedwell pur- chased twenty-five acres of land where iie now lives, and great, indeed, have been the improve- ments that he has made, and that have been made around him. Where once the mustard grew rank and wild, may now be seen an orchard of the most beautiful oranges, and fruitful fields of corn and alfalfa. Mr. Bedwell is a Christian gentleman and a God-fearing man, was once a deacon in the Baptist Church, but at present is not a church member. Politically, he is a Republican, and was at one time deputy sherifi" of Jackson County, Arkansas. He is one of the true pioneers of Los Angeles County, and of such men as he the county should ever bfe proud. He left his' home in Western Texas, with his family, February 20, 1865, and by ox teams crossed the plains, landing in Los Angeles, April 16, 1866. Many, indeed, were the hard- ships they endured on that famous journey, and our forefathers who landed on Plymouth Rock, and other places on our Eastern sea board, and made homes, are deserving of no more praise than are the humble men who crossed the Rock- ies, seekiuii: homes for their loved ones. [^KilLO S. BAKER.— The subject of this bit)graphy was born in Morganville, Genesee County, New York, March 20 1828, and his parents were pioneers of that county. His father. Remember Baker, was the grandson of Captain Remember Baker, a patriot and soldier of early Revolutionary fame, a native of Connecticut, later a citizen of Vermont, one of the original surveyors of the New Hampshire Grant, and one of the illustrious trio of Ethan Allen, Seth AVarner and Remember Baker. Colo- nel Ethan Allen and Captain Remember Baker were fast friends not only in war but also in peace. Ethan Allen's wife was an only sister of Remember Baker, and where one of these men was known in any enterprise the other was sure to be found his right-hand supporter, as in the case when Allendemanded the surrender of Fort Ticonderoga " in the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress," Baker w-as at his back with a clincher. Crown Point was afterward surrendered to him (Baker), this being one of the last grand efforts of his life, as he was soon taken prisoner by treacherous Indians, decapitated, and his head elevated on a pole in the center of a war dance. He was the first officer killed in the American Revolution. Captain Baker was succeeded in his land-sur- veying enterprise by an only son, Ozi, who in this capacity had much to do with the surveying and final establishment of the boundary lines be- tween the States of New York and Vermont, and in this was assisted by a son. Remember Baker, the father of the subject of this sketch. This son, however, went to sea, became master of a vessel, subsequently navigated the North River, and piloted the steamboat Robert Fulton on its first trip up the Hudson in 1807. He was a soldier of the war of 1812, and under General Brown held a Captain's roving commission, doing his country valliant service as a scout. While Mr. Baker was but a small boy his father moved from Western New York, with his family, to the wilds of Michigan, in 1836, settling near where the State capitol now stands. In 1845 Mr. Baker's father removed to Portland, Ionia County, Michigan, where he died in less than a year. Although at that time not eighteen years of age, the subject of this sketch assumed entire control of his father's business and con- tinued it for three years, or until the discovery of gold on the Pacific Coast, when he resolved to seek his fortune in far-ofl^ California, and in March, 1850, he with four companions com- menced their journey with a four-horse team HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. and covtred wagon. They took their route tbrongli Illinois, Iowa, and to St. Joseph, Mis- souri, wliicii town was at that time on the ex- treme western frontier, and was a supply station. Five long months were consumed in making the journey, during which time many distressing incidents occurred, wliich, in order to be appre- ciated must be experienced. Severe storms, drouths, scarcity of food and water, encounters with the Indians, and numerous other hindrances occurred to impede the journey. Upon reach- ing Green River they were compelled to abandon their wagon, make pack saddles for their horses, and accomplish the remainder of their journey on foot. The llocky Mountains crossed, they found themselves within ten miles of Ilangtown, now Placerville, which is located within six miles of where gold, was first discovered in California.* Here they disposed of their remaining horses for $127 in cash, which they invested in a miner's outfit at prices as follows: Pick, shovel, and rocker, $35 dollars each. Five men worked two days, the fruits of which were §1.30, pro- visions consumed during the time costing them $2.00 per day each, which they themselves cooked. A change was then decided upon, each man working for himself, except Mr. Baker, who, with a chosen companion, prospected, with fair success, getting from $9 to $28 per day at first; and later their luck was like that of the majority of other miners, — good, bad and indifiurent. They worked early and late, drop- ping the pick and shovel only when too dark to see to use them. They cooked their meals by camp-fire on the ground, and rolled up in their blankets at night to fall asleep and dream of untold and unfound riches. In 1851 the two built a log cabin on Dry Creek and went into winter quarters. Thrilling scenes were in those days enacted in the raining regions of California, and offenses against moral and business laws were frequently punished without formality and by methods peculiar to tiie miners' code. One * Mr: Baker has a diary in which he noted among other things his etimate of the diBtance traveled to thin ])oint, and hie figures varied nly nineteen miles from the record marie at tlic lime by a " road- notable illustration of this fact was the novel punishment meted out to a man at a place where now stands the town of Jackson, in Amador County. He thought to make some money by washing out a pile of dirt that had been thrown up by another miner, which he did. A council of miners decided at once that the offender be tied fast astride a donkey, turned loose on the commons for three days and nights, and if the culprit survived the ordeal he was to be taken off and given a square meal and two hours in which to leave the mines. Another, for stealing money from a miner at Rancho Rea, was, with a rope around his neck, taken to the creek, pulled back and forth in the water, then drawn up to the limb of a tree until life was nearly extinct, after which he was permitted to leave the camp. Mr. Baker now holds a note taken from a party for money lent him to repay a theft, which money Mr. Baker lent him as the only show of saving the fellow's neck. Mr. Baker spent three years in the mining regions of this State, and, in that time having secured sutticient means with which to embark in business, he returned home by the way of the Panama route, going from San Francisco to Panama on the Win- field Scott. She was subsequently beached on the coast between here and Santa Barbara, where she still lies. Machinery had always been his chosen business, and he now entered into it Hgain with a w-ill at his old home. Success seemed to crown his every efibrt, even in the wooing and winning of a loving and most esti- mable wife. Miss Phebe Beers, whom he married in September, 1854, but was permitted to enjoy her smiles and affection only two brief years. She died in 1856. Enterprising and public- spirited, Mr. Baker was soon surrounded by a host of friends. In the year 1860 he was unex- pectedly called from business and elected to the Michigan State Legislature from lunia County. Those were exciting times. Tlie war cloud had commenced to gather. During the first session of that body Fort Sumter was fired upon. The news reached the House while joint resolutions to compromise witli the Soutii were under con. UISTOllY UF LOS ANGELES COUNT!'. sideratioii. At this juncture the famous letter of Zach Chandler reached the Legislature, which decided the matter at once to make no compro- mise with treason. It is needless to say that Mr. Baker's position on the war issue was solid for the protection and maintenance of the Union at whatever cost. About this time he sold his foundry and machine works at Portland, and commenced the erection of new and more exten- sive works at Lansing. Mr. Baker married Miss Cordelia Davis, a resident of Lansing, and in less than a year's time his life was again embittered by her untimely death, after which Mr. Baker also suffered a long and critical sick- ness. Thus afflicted, his business came to a halt, and upon his recovery some months later, he spent the following winter in Washington, D. C, where he saw much of the inside workings of the war. In the spring he was called home to attend an extra session of the Legislature to raise funds for carrying on the war. The sum- mer which followed was spent in travel in the Lake Superior regions. A previous engagement i-ecalled him to Washington the next winter. At this time, January 19, 1863, he was united in wedlock to Miss Harriette Y., daughter of William Lawrence, one of the sterling citizens and active business men of Yonkers, New York, the marriage taking place at St. John's Church, in that city, and was solemnized by the Rev. Dr. Carter, its rector. Mr. and Mrs. Baker spent that winter in Washington and returned to Lansing in the spring. He entered upon the completion of his iron works with a renewed zeal. Baker's Eureka Iron Works was a three- story brick structure of large proportions, equipped with new machinery, and he at once built up a large business, turning out machin- ery and architectural iron work for Lansing and surrounding towns. About this time he built for General L. C. Baker, a brother, the Lansing Rouse, one of the largest hotels in the State, and added to his foundry a large flouring-niill and a saw-mill. The two latter establishments were a few months later destroyed by fire, entailing a very lieavy loss. Mr. Baker, however, rc^built on the same spot, and this time put in machin- ery for the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds. This establishment he subsequently leased, and, being in poor health, made a second trip westward, traveling over the same I'oute at thirty miles per hour, that he had taken twenty- five years previously at three miles per hour. On this tour he visited Chicago, St. Louis and Salt Lake City, and spent several months in the Geyser and Yellowstone country, which at this date was slow and hizirdous basin iss. The next country to claim his attention was Southern California, and he arrived in Los An- geles, January 1, 1874. His faith in a brilliant future for Southern California is evinced by the fact of his permanent settlement here, and the manner in which he has so thoroughly identi- fied himself with her growth; and his letters concerning this point, published in Lansing, were the means of exciting tlie first emigration from that place to Los Angeles. This glorious climate and the gorgeous natural beauty of this country had for Mr. Baker a wondrous charm as a health restorer, and he located at Santa Monica, where he remained about three years. With a shattered constitution almost entirely restored, Mr. Baker removed to Los Angeles, and in 1877 built a foundry and machine-shop on Spring street, opposite the old court-house. The business was opened on a modest scale, but soon assumed lively proportions, and in a short time he removed to and purchased the corner of Main and Second streets. In 1886 the busi - ness having outgrown these accommodations, Mr. Baker purchased the present site of the "Baker Iron Works," adjoining the Southern Pacific Railroad depot, and commenced the erection of buildings thereon. A stock company was at this time incorporated under the name "Baker Iron Works," of which Mr. Baker is president and liis son, Fred L. Baker, superin- tendent. The institution is, without exception, the largest and most complete of its kind in the State, outside of the city of San Francisco, and is of great credit and a source of much pride to Los. Angeles. Mr. Haker's high appreciation HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTr. of the grandeur of Nature's handiwork is mani- fest by the judicious selection he has made of a location for a future home, and upon which he has just completed one of the finest lamilj ret^i- dences in the "City of the Angels." We per- liaps can give no better idea of tliis beautiful home and its location than to copy the following from one of the leading daily papers of the city, printed about the time of its completion. "M. S Baker, President of the Baker Iron Works, has just com])leted ( ne of the most elegant and attractive residences in the city, on the site of the old Fre'inont fort, at the corner of Eock and Fort streets. Mr. Baker was his own archi- tect, and the result is a high compliment to his good taste and judgment. The house being on an elevation, a retaining wall is necessary, and lor this work the Sespe brown-stone was the material chosen, which presents a very hand- some effect. The entrance at the corner is by broad easy steps, artistically cut and laid, and the historical site is retained by a tablet of raised letters cut in the stone, "Fort Place." Tlie front and side porches are tine broad arches of brown stone, which add much to the beauty of the house, and at the same time are a re- minder of the old fort. The structure is two stories, with basement and high attics, from which a line view of the surrounding country can be had, and is finely finished throughoiit in hard wood, the reception hall being especially worthy of notice. Altogether, it is a model residence and an ornament to the city." Mr. Baker has ever been fortunate in his domestic relations. Mrs. Baker is a lady of culture and most noble qualities. She is active in her so- ciety circle, and prominently identified with the charity institutions of the city, being one of the directors of the Orphans' Home, and an officer of the Los Angeles Humane Society. She is a lady of great fortitude, and is full of good works. They have two sons and one daughter. Fred L., before mentioned in this sketch, was recently married, and is settled in a beautiful cottage, also on the liill. Arnet, who, with his older brother, 1ms grown Uji with the business of the iron works, is an expert mechanic, and foreman of the pattern shop. Their daughter. Miss Belle, a young lady of culture and modest de- meanor, is just merging into womanhood. No man in the city stands higher in business cir- cles as a safe, conservative business man of strict integrity a7id candor than does Mr. Baker, and of such men no city can possess too many. fM. BUSTER, a retired farmer living one mile north of Wilmington, on land once '^ owned by the Government and known as " The Drum Barracks," has been a resident of this place and an honored citizen of Los Angeles County since 1870. Mr. Buster was born in East Tennessee in July, 1825, and is a son of M. W. and Elizabeth (Walker) Buster, natives of Tennessee, and of Irish and Scotch descent. His father moved to Greene County, Missouri, in 1849, where he farmed for a number of years, subsequently moving to Mendocino County, California, where he continued the occupation of farming until his death, which occurred in 1871, his wife having died a few months previ- ous. They reared a family of ten children, six of whom are still living. The subject of this sketch was married on the 8th day of March, 1849, to Miss Malinda E. Garrett, in De Kalb County, Alabama. This lady is a native of Southern Alabama, and the daughter of Jesse and Judith Garrett, the former a native of North Carolina and the latter of Georgia. They died in Alabama. Mr. Buster came to California first in 1850, and was for three years engaged in mining. He then farmed in Santa Clara County, near San Jose, for some time, after which he returned to the East and brought his wife with him to the Golden State, locating in Mendocino County, where he engaged in farming and stock-raising for a period of thirteen years. He next moved to Santa Barbara County, and, after remaining there two years, came to Los Angeles County in 1870, and cast his inter- ests with her favored and enterprising people. BISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Mr. Buster is a lover of peace and goud-will, and never had a lawsuit in his life. He is a public-spirited man, and by his honorable and upright course in life he has won the respect and esteem of all who know him. He and the companion of his youth are both active members of the Holiness Church at Cerritus Station. They both received the blessing of holiness August 23, 1880, and their walk and conversation has been " such as becometh godliness." In the church he holds the office of elder. Politically, Mr. Buster is true to the principles of his native State, and affiliates with the Democratic party. ^s->^ fllED L. BAKER, Vice-President of the Baker Iron Works, Los Angeles, was born in Lansing, Michigan, February 10, 1865. When only nine years of age, in 1874, his parents (see sketch of Milo S. Baker elsewhere), emigrated to this city. Entering his father's iron works when only twelve years old, he served a regular appreTiticeship and worked his way up through ever}' stage of the business until 1885, when he was appointed superintendent of the works. The position was one of great respon- sibility for a young man who had not reached his majority, and during the busy season of the year he has the supervision of 100 to 160 men. He was united in marriage with Miss Lillian May Todd, a native of the State of Missouri, November 28, 1887. ^-^B--^^ fnOMAS FINLEY BARNES, of Los An- geles, is a native of the city of La Porte, Indiana, and is a son of Enos R. and Eliza- beth A. (Craft) Barnes, the father a native of Painesville, Ohio, and a son of one of the pio- neers of that town, and for many years post- master of the iirst-named place. He came to the Pacific Slope with his family in 1860, and located at Gold Hill, Nevada Territory, and there served as postmaster and agent for the Wells- Fargo Express Company until his death in 1865. The subject's widowed mother is now living. with her eldest son, W. C. Barnes, of Holbrook, Arizona. Of her two sons Thomas F. is the youngest. He was born June 24, 1861, He received a good common-school education, and learned the printer's trade in his native town, with the publishing house of Douglas & Carlan. Mr. Barnes has previously made sev- eral trips to the Pacific Coast — once around Cape Horn, twice across the Isthmus of Panama, and once overland. He is a first- class stage artist and excels in comedy plays. He has traveled as a comedian throughout the entire North- west and British Columbia with the Barton Hill Company, and as a delineator of comedy characters has won the highest approval of the press and the public. He, however, abandoned the stage and came to Los Angeles in 1880, and occupied the position of assistant foreman in the printing house of the Mirror Company until 1885, when he entered the now well-estab- lished and esteemed business firm of Kingsley & Barnes, printers. No. 57 North Spring street. Mr. Barnes married, in 1880, Miss Florence MacDonald, a daughter of William and Char- lotte (Herriott) MacDonald, of San Francisco. Mrs. liarnes is of English-Scotch parentage, and was born July 23, 1860. She is a most esti- mable lady of culture, and has one daughter, Ethel, born August 27, 1882. fOHN BENDER. —The subject of this sketch is one of the early residents of that section of the Azusa now known as Glen- dora. He located at that place in 1874, when the site now occupied by the town of Glendora was but a wild and desolate waste. Securing a claim of 160 acres of Government land, he devoted himself to its cultivation and improvement, and with others in that sparsely settled section fought through long years of liti- gation against the grant holders of the Azusa until success rewarded their efforts and placed 11 1 STOUT OF LihS ANGELES COUNTY. thousands of acres under Government title and made possible the remarkable growth and settle- ment that has since taken place in the East San Gabriel Yalley. Mr. Bender is now the owner of eighty acres of rich and productive land just west of Giendora, twenty acres of which is in vineyard, comprising eight and a half acres of Mission wine grapes and eleven and a half acres of raisin grapes of the Muscat variety. Ten acres are devoted to citrus fruits, to which the climate, soil, etc., are well adapted. With the exception of a family orchard containing a large variety of deciduous fruits, the rest of his land is devoted to general farming. His improve- ments are first-class, among which may be noted his substantial and well-ordered two-story resi- dence wliicii is built of concrete, and in the con- struction of which Mr. Bender has spared no e.xpense in securing the comforts of a well de- vised home. It is located upon elevated ground, which gives him a magnificent and pleasing view of the valley below. His well-ordered grounds and avenue leading to his home contain many choice ornamental trees and flowers, but the most prized of all are the two old oaks of remarkable growth, just west of the house, and under whose wide-spread bi'anches Mr. Bender first ])itched his tent in 1874. It is worthy of mention that Mr. Bender has, by a system of tunnels and reservoirs, developed some five inches of water in the hills on the northern p(jrtion of his land, which gives him an ample supply for his citrus fruits, etc. Mr. Bender is of German descent. His parents, John and Dolly (Weigel) Bender, emigrated from Ger- many and located at Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee. Tliere the subject of this sketch was born in 1849. He was reared and educated in that city. At the age of thirteen, while at- tending school, he carried a route of daily papers to from 100 to 150 patrons; and at the age of sixteen years entered into life upon his own ac- count as a clerk in mercantile houses, and after- ward was engaged in variousbusinessenterprises, among which was the establishment of a bakery with Charles Fink. He was also in the market business with W. B. Cullen, now his neighbor in Giendora. Mr. Bender continued his resi- dence and business in his native place until 1874, when he came to California and located in Los Angeles County. He first took up his resi- dence at Alhambra, but after a short stay there he went to Duarte, and there rented land and, after harvesting one crop, came, in August of the same year, to the Azusa, where lie ttok up his present residence. By years of industry and well directed eflbrts he has built up one of the representative farms of his section. Mr. Ben- der is well known throughout that portion of the county. His long residence and consistent course of life have gained him a large circle of friends and acquaintances. He is a progressive citizen and is identified with the growth and prosperity of his section. Politically, he is a liberal and conservative Democrat. He is a member of Azusa Lodge, No. 232, A. 0. U. W. In 1881 Mr. Bender married Miss Harriet F. Wiggins, the daughter of Thomas J. and Ellen (Vice) Wiggins. They are pioneers of Cali- fornia and Los Angeles County, coming from Missouri at an early date and settling in El Monte, at which place they are now residing. Mrs. Bender is a native of Los Angeles County. She was born in El Monte and there reared and educated. Mr. and Mrs. Bender have three children: William I5urr, Flora and Herbert Clifton. -Swj- PARTHOLOMEW BRADLEY. — Among the prominent and well-known citizens of Giendora is the above-named gentleman, who is the proprietor of the Giendora Livery Stable. Mr. Bradley is a native of Greene County, Illinois. He was born December 29, 1836. His father, Dr. Robert Bradley, was a well-known physician and agriculturist of that county. His mother was nee Laurana Osbun. Both of his parents were natives of Tennessee, and were among the early settlers of Hlinois. Mr. Bradley was reared as a farmer and remained HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. upon his father's farm until he reached his ma- jority. He then started in life for himself and commenced farming upon his own account in his native county. In 1857 he married Miss Catherine N. AUred. At tlie breaking out of the war of the Rebellion Mr. Bradley's family were prompt in enlisting in the service of their country, he and four brothers entering the army. He enlisted early in 1862 in Com- pany I, One Hundred and P^'irst Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and leaving his fatnily and farming interests, went into the iield as a private soldier. His credita- ble service soon gained liim recognition and ho was promoted to Sergeant. His regiment was attached to the Army of the Cumberland and participated in its hard-fought battles, severe inarches, etc. At the battle of Holly Springs Sergeant Bradley was taken prisoner, but was shortly afterward parolled and exchanged After his return to his regiment he was wounded at the battle of Resaca and sent to the rear, and upon his recovery was placed upon duty in a military hospital. In this year (18(34) the death of his beloved wife occurred, leaving three young children to the care of compara- tive strangers. Their claims upon the father were of paramount importance and Mr. Bradley accepted his discharge from the army and re- turned home to care for his family. In 1865 Mr. Bradley married Mrs. Amelia (Ventreese) Scanland. He continued his farming opera- tions in Greene ('ounty until 1869. In that year he moved to Vernon County, Missouri, where he purchased 320 acres of land and en- tered quite extensively into farming and stock operations. He was successful, and soon ranked as one of the leading agriculturists of that county, throughout which he was well known and respected. He took a prominent part in the building up of his section, establishing and supporting its schools, churches, etc. He was also elected justice of the peace of his town- ship. In 1885 Mr. Bradley decided to seek a new home in California, and in the spring of that year he located in Los Angeles County, where he purchased a ten-acre tract and engaged in horticultural pursuits and also in improving land at San Jacinto. In 1886 he took up hie residence at Duarte and devoted himself to cultivating a twenty-acre tract of land until August, 1887. He then took up his residence in Glendora, and was one of the enterprising and progressive men who contributed so largely toward building up that beautiful town. He established his livery stable in that year, on the corner of Whitcomb and Michigan avenues, and built his handsome residence on Vista Bonita avenue; also erected two cottage resi- dences and engaged in other projected improve- ments. Mr. Bradley is a man of progressive views and is public-spirited and enterprising. He is a strong supporter of schools and churches and is a member and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Glendora. His kind and genial temperament, obliging disposi- tion and straightforward dealing have gained him a large circle of friends. In politics he is a Republican, and is a strong Prohibitionist in principle. Mr. Bradley has had seven children in his family, three by his first wife, viz.: Ln- zetta, now Mrs. D. (I Neal, of Los Angeles; McKendree, who died in 1878, at the age of seventeen years: and Isabelle, who died in 1875, at the age of fifteen years. By his present wife he lias had four children, namely: Ada, wife of Carroll S. Whitcomb, of Glendora; May and Earnest. The third child, Ollie, died in 1875, at the age of three years. Of Mrs. Bradley's children by her first marriage, there is one child living, Susan Scanland, now the wife of George W. Campbell, of Glendora. JCIIAEL BALDRIDGE.— The subject of this sketch is one of the most suc- cessful horticulturists of Los Angeles County, and is conceded to be one of the best authorities on citrus-fruit cultivation in South- ern California. He is a man of sound practical knowledge and trained business habits. These UISTORY OP' LOS ANGELES COUNCr. characteristics, coupled with liis years of study, renearcli and thorough-going practical experi- euce ill citrus-fruit cultivation, iiave secured wonderful results in his operations. In 1882 Mr. IJaidridge, broken in iiealth, the result of long years of active business pursuits in San Francisco, sought the genial climate of South- ern California, as a palliative, if not a cure, for his suffering body. In his search for health Mr. Baldridge visited his brother who lived at the Azusa in the East San Gabriel "Valley. Much benefited by the mild climate in that locality, he decided upon a lengthened stay, and as his health and strength returned, his naturally active and energetic temperament demanded some occupation. ' He purchased land and com- menced his horticultural pursuit in planting orange seeds, more as a recreation than anything else, or, as he states it, "to see if I could make an orange tree grow from the seed." The lich and productive soil of that localit}' produced a rapid and healthy growth, and Mr. Baldridge soon found that he could make trees grow, and lie became enthusiastic in his new calling. Determined upon securing the best results, he entered upon a careful and intelligent cnltiva- tiun, and a thorough study of climate, soil, etc. His trained intellect quickly comprehended the results of his many experiments, and he soon had a nursery containing thousands of trees of liardy seedling stock, upon which he placed his buds. These lie budded with the most approved varie- ties, Washington Navels, Mediterranean Sweets, etc. His eighty acres of land had by this time been cleai-ed and partially planted with vines. The latter he rooted out and commenced the planting of his orange trees. At this writing (1889) Mr. Baldridge has about seventy acres of his land devoted to citrus fruits. His 6,000 trees are classed as follows: 150 Paper-rind St. Michaels, 300 Malta Bloods, 300 Mediter- ranean Sweets, and the rest in Washington Navels. It is worthy of note that after plant- ing his trees the rest of his nursery stock yielded him over $25,000. His magnificent orange grove is located just north of Covina, in the Covina School District, Azusa Township, three miles south of Glendora. The climate, soil, etc., of that locality seems espscially adapted for citrus-fruit cultivation. This, supplemented to a most thorough cultivation and intelligent care and attention upjn the part of the owner, has given Mr. B.ildridge one of the finest orange groves in Los Angeles County, and placed him in the foremost ranks of the successful horti- culturists of the State. Mr. Bildridge was born in Seneca County, New York, in 182(5. His father, John Baldridge, was a native of Pennsylvania, and a farmer by o^cnpition. His mother, Agnes Barr, was born in New York. Mr. Baldridge was reared upon his father's farm some ten miles from Geneva, receiving his edu- cation in the common schools. When about twenty years of age he went to New York and entered upon a course of study in one of the commercial colleges in that city. After gradu- ating he sought employment in mercantile pur- suits; but, not suited with the results of his applications, he accepted the position of secretary to the Parker H. French Expedition, which proposed an overland journey through Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, to California. This expedition started in 1850, but was destined to disaster, and, after dragging along until reach- ing Paso Del Norte, Texas,, was finally brokeu up and disbanded. There Mr. Baldridge was left almost devoid of means with which to return to New York or proceed to California. Nothing daunted, he determined to make his way through Mexico to the Pacific Coast, and thence to the Golden State. This he finally accomplished, arriving at Mazatlan, destitute, foot-sore and weary from a journey of eight months of 1,000 miles on foot. He secured a chance to work his passage to San Francisco, at which place he arrived January 2, 1851. Soon after his arrival in California, he found his way to the mines, and was for more than a year working in the placer mines at Sonora in Tuo- I lumne County. In the spring of 1851, while ! working for the owners of the "Ned Wheaton" claim, Mr. P.aldridge took out a nugget weigh- IIISTUUV OP WS ANGELES COUNTY iiig twenty-eight pounds and fonr ounces. In 1852 his failing health compelled his abandon- ing work in the mines, and he went to San Jose and there engaged in farm labor, etc., until the next spring, when he again started for the mines, but the floods then ])revailing compelled his abandoning the project. He then returned East, via the steamer route, and from 1855 to 1857 was engaged in mercantile pursuits at Waterloo, New York. While in Waterloo, in 1854, he married Miss Elizabeth Garrison. She died in 1857. The financial crisis of 1857 compelled Mr. Baldridge to suspend his mer- cantile pursuits, and after closing up his affairs he found himself with little or no means. lie then came the second time to California, and, after engaging in mining in Trinity County for about a year, entered the employ of Pierce, Church & Co., as salesman. He continued in their employ until 1862, when he located at San Jose, where for about a year he was em- ployed in the mercantile establishment of Michael Hayes. In 1864 he took up his residence in San Francisco, and for the next eight years was a salesman in the well-known clothing house of William Sherman, on the corner of Clay and Montgomery streets. In 1872 Mr. Baldridge visited the East, and while there married Mrs. Elizabeth (Graham) Lee, of Warsaw, Indiana. Returning to San Francisco in the fall of that year, he established himself as a stock broker. Mr. Baldridge became prominent in that busi- ness, and was one of the charter members of the Pacific Stock Exchange. He was successful in his business, but his failing health, in 1882, demanded his retirement from active business pursuits, and he took up his present residence. Mr. Baldridge is an enterprising and public- spirited citizen, a firm believer in the future prosperity and wealth of his section. He was one of the original incorporators of the Azusa Water Development and Irrigation Company, and has been the president of that company since its organization, in 1883. In political matters he is a consistent Republican. No children have been born from the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Baldridge; but Mrs. Baldridge has one child from her former marriage — Mary S. Lee, now (1889) the wife of Major D. W. Hamlin, au- ditor of Los Angeles County. "i^-^-^ fYRUS BURDICK.— Among the well- known pioneers of San Jose Valley and of Los Angeles County is the subject of this sketch. He dates his birth in Lake County, Ohio, October 22, 1834. He is the son of Thomas and Anna (Higley) Burdick. His father was a native of New York, and his mother was born in Vermont. Mr. Bnrdick, senior, was an educated gentleman and engaged in teaching school in Lake County. In 1846 he moved his family to Iowa, in which State he resided until 1853. He was a prominent and well-known citizen at Council Bluffs; was elected county clerk, and was the first county judge under the law creating that office in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, and was also the postmaster at Kanesville, Pottawattamie County. In May, 1853, the family, comprising the subject of this sketch, his father, mother, two brothers and a sister, started across the plains for California, intend- ing to locate in Sacramento Valley; but the sick- ness of Mr. Burdick, senior, necessitated a delay at Salt Lake until his recovery. It was then so late in the season that they decided to enter California by the southern route, and it was not until December that their long journey was ended by their arrival in Los Angeles County. The family located at San Gabriel, and the nest spring the subject of this sketch visited Oregon, seeking a more desirable place upon which to commence their life upon the Pacific Coast. Not being suited with such localities as he visited, lie returned to San Gabriel and engaged in farming. In 1855 he was elected constable, an office that in those early days required an active and determined man to keep the lawless element in subjection. He served with credit in that capacity until 1856, and then entered into mercantile pursuits, establishing a store at IIISTORT OF LOa ANOELES COUNTY. San Gabriel, which lie condncte(l for tiie next eight years. He was also engaged in other enterprises during that period, among which was bee- farming. In 1860 he ])urchased three swarms of the fir.-;t bees ever brought into Los Angeles County, the product of his hives selling readily at that time for §1 per pound. In 1864 the depression resulting from the war in the East and the susjiension of immigration into the State by the southern route, occasioned Mr. 13urdick to suspend his mercantile operations, lie then devoted his attention to mining enter- prises, and for the next' two years was engaged in Arizona, and in the tin mines at Temescal in San Bernardino County. In 1866 he moved to the Chino Ranch and engaged in the dairy busi- ness and stock-raising. Aftei' a two-years' stay there he returned with his herds to Los Angeles County and located at San Dimas. In 1870 he drove his stock to the Alamitos Ranch, on the coast, about twelve miles southwest of Anaheim. There he met with a series of misfortunes; his cattle were swept away by disease, and he aban- doned his stock-raising and located in San Jose Valley, taking up his residence upon a forty- acre tract of land about one mile north of what is now the city of Pomona. This tract, upon which Mr. Burdick commenced fruit cul- tivation, has since been subdivided and sold for orchard purposes. He lias been largely engaged in real-estate operations in the valley. In 1875 Mr. Burdick, in connection with P. C. Tonner and Francisco Palomares, purchased 200 acres of land just north of the Central Pacific Rail- road, and laid ont the town of Palomares. This tract, which now comprises a part of Pomona, was sold by them to the Los Angeles Immi- gration and Land Co-operative Association, after which, in partnership with Mr. Palomares, lie bought eighty-six acres north of Pomona. This land was subdivided into iive-acre tracts and sold. In 1887 Mr. Burdick erected a sub stantial two-story residence upon the corner of Holt and Geary avenues, where he has sincere- sided. Mr. Burdick's long residence, and the part he has taken in various business and agri- cultural interests, ha^ made him well known throughout a large portion of the county, and gained him a large circle of friends. In politi- cal matters he is a consistent Republican, taking great interest in the success of his jiarty. In 1SS7 he was the deputy assessor for the San Jose, Palomares and San Diinas districts. He is a member of Pomona Lodge, No. 246, I. O. O. F. January 18, 1859, Mr. Burdick mar- ried Miss Amanda Chapman, daughterof Charles Chapman, one of the pioneers of Los Angeles County. They have four children living, viz.: Cyrus G., Laura, Anna and Lucretia. Cyrus G. married Miss Mary Keller, and they have three children; Laura is now Mrs. C. A. Bates, hav- ing two children; and Anna is Mrs. J. N. Tegue, having two children. All of Mr. Burdick's children are residents of Pomona. -^. g . 3 . I t ' ? ■-»- f WIGHT N. BLTRRITT has for more than fourteen years been actively identified witii the growth and j>rosperity of Pomona and the San Jose Valley. He was born in Anburn, New York, April 10, 1848. His father, Charles Burritt, was a native of Stonington, Connecti- cut, who in his early life located in New York, and there married Miss Laura Remington, a descendant from an old New York family. In 1855 his parents moved to Illinois, and settled near Rockford, where the subject of this sketch was reared as a farmer until he reached his majority. He then rented land and engaged in farming upon his own account. At the age of twenty three years, being desirous of other oc- cupation than that of farming, he entei-ed as a student at the State University at Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 1873 he graduated there and re- turned to Illinois, and was engaged in teaching school in Lake County until 1875. In that year he came to Los Angeles County, and in September located in Pomona and was engaged in teaching school in the Pomona school district. The next year he returned to his old home on a visit, and while there (December 19, 1876,) lllSTUHy OF LOU ANGELES COUNTY. married Miss Clara A. Keeves, a native of Eock- forJ, Illinois. Mrs. Biirritt is the daughter of George and Mary A. (Reeves) Reeves, natives of England, but now residents of Pomona. Returning the same year with his bride, Mr. Burritt resumed his teaching and purchased six acres of land upon what is now the corner of Holt avenue and Gibbs street, upon which he took up his residence. Mr. Eurritt was en- gaged as teacher in the public schools until 1882, but during this time he entered into fruit culture upon his place, which in 1878 he in- creased to twelve acres by the purchase of the six acres adjoining him on the west. With the exception of engaging in real-estate business in 1887-88, Mr. Burritt has since 1882 devoted himself principally to horticulture, and besides liis home place has a one-third interest in six- teen acres of deciduous iruits, also a half in- terest in 820 acres of land in San Diego County, upon which he is engaged in olive culture, having tiftj acres devoted to that purpose. His brother is associated with him in this enterprise. He is a strong believer in the future prosperity of the San Jose Yallej and the city of Pomona, and a supporter of such enterprises as in his opinion will develop the resources of his section. He is an earnest supporter of schools and churches, and is a prominent member of the Methodist Church, and was one of its trustees from its organization in Pomona in 1877 to 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Burritt have six children living, viz.: Dwight N., Frank C, Charles C, Otto J. n., Clara Una and Leon L. tOBERT J. BAYLY.— The subject of this sketch was born in the township of King^ Canada West, in 1837. His father, John Jiayly, was a native of Ireland, who, when a lad, came to Canada, where he learned the ship-car- penter's trade. His mother he never knew, she having died at his birth. She was from a Scotch family named Wallace. • In 1849 his father moved to the United States and located at Buflalo, and during that year and the one following was engaged in the construction of the old suspension bridge at Niagara Falls. In the latter year his father moved the family to Janesville, Wisconsin. In 1852 Mr. Bayly, ac- companied by his father, came across tlie plains to California and located in Sierra County, where his father followed the occupation of mining while he engaged in work in a hotel in Downieville. The next year the subject of this sketch entered into mining occupations, which he followed for many years in Placer and other counties. In 1856 his father went East, and, while returning to California in 1858, engaged with a Government surveying party in the Rocky Mountains, was killed by Indians. In 1860, during the mining excitement over the Nevada mines, Mr. Bayly established a stage line between Placerville and Carson City. He was also engaged in trading in mining supplies. In 1864 he located at Alameda and engaged in farming for about a year and then moved to Half Moon Bay, San Mateo County, where he continued his tarming operations until 1868. In that year he came to Los Angeles County and located near Sierra Madre, where he took up 250 actes of land and engaged in general farming, stock-growing and the bee business. He also devoted considerable attention to fruit culture. Mr. Bayly sold out his ranch in 1881 and purchased the San Gabriel Hotel property, at the mission of San Gabriel. He enlarged the hotel buildings, fitting up a billiard room, bar, etc., with a commodious hall on the second floor, and opened the same to the public. He is a genial host and his house is well patronized by the public. In connection with his hotel he keeps a livery stable. He has also landed in- terests in other sections of the county, owning town lots and acreage property at Santa Monica, Alosta, Monrovia and other places. Mr. Bayly is a self-educated, intelligent man, his consistent course of life and straightforward dealings hav- ing gained him a large circle of friends. In politics he is a Republican, and a worker in the ranks of his party. He has served as a delegate HISTORY OF LOS ANOBLEU COUNTY. in many of its county conventions. His wid- owed sister, Mrs. Kate C. McCormick, is' living with him. Equally interested in liis ventures and successes with her, and as members of the household, are her three children, in whom Mr. Hayly takes a father's care and interest. Their names are: Cyrene Joseph, William Thomas and Edgar liayly McCormick. "' • ^ "'=v**"p*=f^ ' • fAMES B. BEARDSLEE is one of the well- known residents of tlie Azusa, and is the owner of twenty acres of rich and productive land, located a mile and a half southeast of the city of Azusa, which he has under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Beardslee took up his resi- dence upon that place in 1876, and since that time has devoted himself to agricultural and horticultural pursuits. His land was then in its wild and uncultivated state, but with his characteristic energy he cleared it off and was one of the pioneers in planting citrus fruits and vines in that section. In 1877 he set out live acres in seedling oranges, which, at a later date, in 1882, he budded with Washington Navels and other varieties, and has succeeded in pro- ducing some of the finest fruit grown in that section. He also, for many years previous to 1888, cultivated twelve acres of wine grapes. This land he is now preparing for citrus fruit trees, a tine stock of which he has in his nursery. He has also on his place a fine family orchard of deciduous fruits, comprising a large variety of the most approved fruits grown in the Azusa. He is also the owner of a ten-acre tract, situated just southwest of his home farm, which is devoted to hay and grain. iSuch stock as Mr. Beardslee keeps is of the best. His cattle are of the Jersey and Durham breed, and his horses of Norman stock. Mr. Beardslee was born in Bates County, Missouri, in 1843.^ His parents were Dr. Nehemiah Beardslee and nee Elvira Anderson. Dr. •Beardslee was a pioneer of Missouri. In 1845 he moved his family t,. Texas, and in 1848 located in l!ell County. He was largely engaged in farming and stock-raising in addition to the practice of his profession. In 1852 tlie Doctor came to California and spent four years in the mining districts. In 1856 he returned to Texas and brought his family to California. Upon his ar- rival in the State he located at El Monte, Los Angeles County, and there engaged in farming until 1860. In that year he bought the well- known Beardslee tract at the Duarte and was there engaged in agricultural and horticultural pursuits until 1884, when he moved to Los Neitas. His death occurred at that place in January, 1887. The Doctor was widely known, and was one of the prominent and pioneer agri- culturists of the county. He was a man uni- versally respected and esteemed in whatever community he resided. The seven children of the Beardslee family are as follows: David, of Los Angeles; Obed II., of Kern County; Ephraim, of San Bernardino County; William. ofSan Diego County; James B., the subject of this sketch; California E., the wife of Williani Chappelow, a sketch of whom appears in this volume; and Laura, who married Richard Poor, a resident of the Duarte. James B. Beardslee was reared in his father's family and early in life was schooled in the practical knowledge ot agricultural and horticultural pursuits. His education was obtained in the public schools of Los Angeles County, and later at the Sotoyome Institute at Healdsbnrg, Sonoma County. He remained with his parents until 1876 wiien he purchased his present residence. In 1868 Mr. Beardslee married Miss Isabella Smith, the daughter of Jasper and Tennessee (Burks) Smith, natives of Tennessee. She was born in Los Angeles County. Her father was a well- known resident of Southern California. He died January 25, 1889; her mother is now a resident of Kern County. Mr. Beardslee has been closely identified with the wonderful growth and development of the section in which li(! resides, and as a successful horticulturist has shown what intelligent care and cultivation will produce in his favor(>d location. He is an in- HISTOLIY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. telligent and thorough farmer, ^progressive in liis views, and ever ready to aid in any enterprise tliat will add to the resources of his section. In political matters lie is Democratic, and a strong snppcrter of schools and churches. Ilis family are members of the Methodist Church, South. Pie is a stockholder in the Covina Water Com- pany. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Beardslee there are the following named chil- dren: Cora Daisy, Annie Laura, James Louis, David Arthur, Edna Belle and Alvis Rexford, all members of their parents' household. mOMAS P. I3RUC]E.— Among th ). appointed and most complete pUii best ibing establishments in the city of Pomona is that owned by the above named gentleman, and located on the corner of Thomas and Third streets. Mr. Bruce has one of the largest estab- lishments in the county, east of Los Angeles, and is fitted for the manufacture of artesian- well piping, etc., and also for the mannfacture of sewer pipe and other concrete work. Heis an enterpris- ing merchant, a thorough mechanic and a master of his calling, and by these qualities has secured a success in his enterprise and gained a large and well-deserved patronage in Pomona and the San Jose Valley. Mr. Brnce is a young man of sound bnsiness principles and progressive views, and is a supporter of such enterprises as in his opinion will develop the resources of his chosen section, and advance the welfare of the city in which he resides. In political matters he is a liberal Democrat, and may always be found allied with the best elements of that party. ILLIAM C. BELL was born in Wash- ington County, Pennsylvania, Septem- ber 17, 1832, his parents being William and Jane (Colwell) Bell, both natives of Peim- sylvania. His father was a millwright and carpenter by traarty, and has many times been a delegate to tlie county conventions. He is a man of trained business habits and experience, which he has applied to his enterprises in Los Angeles County, and which liave rendered him universally sncce&sful. In 1882 Mr. Erigden married Miss Helen Whitaker, the daughter of (Iciiei-al A. F. Whitaker, a ]>romiiient resident ol' I'eiin ^'aii, New York. They have two children: Loiii.^e C. and T. Dwiyht. liAKTLE, Asisstant Cashier of the rst National Eank of Monrovia, is one successful business men of that city. He is a native of Keweenaw County, Michigan, and dates his birth in 1855. His father, John Bartle, was a native of Ireland, who, in his youth, came to the United States and located in Michigan, and was engaged in mining enterprises on Lake Superior. Lie mar- ried Miss Theresa Keyiiolds, a native of that State. Mr. Bartle was reared in his native county, receiving the benefit of a common- school education. Early in life he commenced the battle on his own account, and when less than lourteen years of age he became a clerk in a mercantile establishment, and soon after en- tered into business on his own account as a trader in general merchandise throughout his section. He was successful and increased his business to such an extent that it necessitated a permanent location, and in 1875 he established himself at Port Arthur, IMichigan, and there opened a general mercantile business, gradually increasing it until he was the proprietor of one of the largest establishments of that city. Ho successfully conducted his enterprise at that place until 1887. In that year he came to Cali- fornia and located at Moni-ovia, Los Angeles County. Mr. liartle is a man of progressive views and thoroughly trained to business pur- suits. He M'as one of tlie original incorporators of the First National Bank and a director of the same, and later accepted the position of as- sistant cashier, tak'ng the immediate cliarge of its business details. He is also a director in the Security Savings Bank and Trust Company of Los Angeles. His straightforward dealings soon gained him the confidence and esteem of the community, and he was chosen as the city treasurer of the city. In political matters he is a Republican; He is a supporter and adherent of the Presbyterian Church. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and affiliated with Shuniah Lodge, No. 287, of Port Arthur, Mich- igan. In 1885 Mr. Bartle wedded Miss Amelia Bowerman, a native of Canada, and daughter of Stephen and Annie (Badgley) Bowerman, both natives of Canada. Her father is now a resident of Monrovia. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Bartle there is one child: Kathleen. tNDREW BODDY.— The subject of this sketch was born in the County of Leeds, Greenville Township, Province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada, in 1849. His father was Thomas Boddy, a veteran soldier of the English army, who, after his return from that service, entered into farming occupations. His mother, Elizabeth Ogletree, was of Scotch de- scent. When Mr. Boddy was five 3' ears of age the death of his father occurred, leaving the care of the family upon the mother. At the age of nine years young Boddy commenced to earn his own living by working for the neighboring fanners. He availed himself of such meagre facilities as were offered him in obtaining an education, and by his natural talent and perse- vering study led many of his favored competi- tors. In 1865 he came to the United States and located in Cayuga County, New York, where he was employed for several months at farm labor, after which he returned to Canada, and in 1871 came the second time to the United States UISrORY OF LOS ANGELES (JOUNTT. 409 and took up his residence in Siiminit County, Oliio. He engaged in farm labor and other oc- cupations in that county until 1875. In that year he came to California and located at Ar- eata, Humboldt County. He spent about five years in that county, working at lumbering and farm labor, and in 1880 came to Los Angeles County and took up his residence at Duarte. There he purchased a thirty-acre tract known as the Holland place, located on Beuna Vista ave- nue, north of San Gabriel avenue, and entered into horticultural ])ursuits and general farming. In 1882 he sold ten acres of that place to Mr. Mitchell, retaining the balance, which he thor- oughly improved until 1887. In that year he sold out and invested a portion of his money in real estate in Monrovia, and also purchased a thirty-four-acre tract of land on the Temple road, south of EI Monte, upon which he took up his residence. He spent two years in farming there and then returned to the north side of the val- ley, residing on Daflbdill street, Monrovia. He also purciiased a ten-acre tract on Falling Leaf avenue, about a mile and a quarter west of his residence. Upon this tract he has planted 087 Navel orange trees and 187 deciduous fruit trees, comprising a large variety of the most approved fruits grown in his section. This land is located on the north side of Falling Leaf ave- nue, and is capable of perfect irrigation by water from the Santa Anita Water Company's pipes and ditches. The Duarte section is in no small degree indebted to Mr. Boddy for its present system of water. He was one of the most active and energetic men of that place, and the prime mover and one of the original incorporators of the Duarte Mutual Irrigation and Canal Com- pany. He was the first ])resident of the com- pany, a position he held for two years, and later was the treasurer o'" the company. Politically he is a Republican. He is a member of Anni- versary Lodge. No. 85, I. O. O. F., of Areata, and also of the Society of Orangemen. Octolier 1, 1855, Mr. lioddy married Miss Laura H. Potts, a native of Illinois. Her father, David Potts, died in lilinnis. Her m..ther, Jane A. (Ramsay) Potts, afterward married Mr. Lutz and is living in San Diego County, California. Mr. and Mrs. Boddy are the parents of three children : George T., Elizabeth J. and Charles A, tEVI NEAVTON BREED, President of the Southern California National Bank of Los Angeles, was born in the town of Clay, near Manlius, Onondaga County, New York, in 1832, his parents being James and Elizabeth (Kinne) Breed. He is descended from Allyn Breed, who is believed to have been the pro- genitor of all who bear the name of Breed in the United States. Allyn Breed was born in Eng- land in 1001, emigrated to Massachusetts Bay in 1680, and settled in Lynn, Massachusetts, where more than a hundred families descended from him still reside. The oldest of his four sons, also named Allyn, born in 1626, had a son John, born in 1663, who moved to Stonington, Connecticut. His son Allen, born in 1714, was the father of Gershom, born in 1755, who moved from Stonington, Connecticut, to Little Hoosic, Rensselaer Patent, New York, in 1789, and thence to Manlius, Onondaga County, in 1793. James Breed, who was born in 1794 and died in 1884, was the eighth son and the youngest of the twelve children of Gershom Breed. Elizabeth Kinne Breed was the daughter of Ezra Kinne and the granddaughter of Cyrus Kinne, who settled in Manlius, about 1793. The Kinne family is also of early New England stock, and both families have been neighbors for nearly a century. Breed's Hill in Boston, the joint scene of the Revolutionary conflict known in history as the Battle of Bunker Hill, was so named because it was owned by Ebene- zer Breed, also a descendant, but in another line, of Allyn Breed, the immigrant of 1630. The American redoubt was on Breed's Hill. When the subject of this sketch had reached his twelfth year his mother died, and the family being in a measure broken up, he was thrown on his own resouircs. Reared on a fai-in and educated in HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. the district school when held, the change in- volved, aside from the irreparable loss, was little more than lending a helping hand on the farm of some neighbor instead of his father's, with the privilege of still attending school. In 1849 he moved to Schnyler County, Illinois, where liis eldest brotlier, Dr. S. P. Breed, had settled in the practice of his profession. There also he engaged in farm work and attended school at intervals. In 1853 he set out for California. At a reunion of tlie family, at the home of Dr. Breed, near Princeton, Illinois, in 1886, a gen- eration later, he thus refers to tiiat trip: " I find a vast difference in journeying across the continent in 1853 and in 1886. Then I was four months in driving cattle across the arid plains and rugged mountains, swimming rivers and fighting Indians, and subsisting on bacon and beans. Now the trip is made in four days, and those are spent in a palace car where yon can enjoy all the comforts and luxuries of life." Mr. Breed spent some time in San Francisco but without securing a solid foothold. In 1856 he settled in Honey Lake Valley, in what is now known as Lassen County but was then claimed by Plumas. There he opened a trading post and took up 160 acres of land. In 1857 he was secretary of a public meeting of citizens which attracted some attention at the time by refusing to pay taxes to Plumas County on the ground that Honey Lake Valley was outside the legal limits of that county. The few settlers were much harassed by the depredations and attacks of hostile Indians. At one time they drove off every head of cattle Mr. Breed had on his ranch. . In 1859 he quit merchandising to try his fort- une on Fraser Eiver, but the disorganized con- dition of society there occasioned his return to Honey Lake in 1860, settling on his place, now known as the Epley Ranch. A year later he re- moved to Indian Valley, where he kept a livery stable about one year. He again returned to Honey Lake Valley and in 1862 bought a gen- eral store in Janesville, where he continued to live about twenty years, owning a part of the time 1,000 acres near tiie town, to which to- gether with the store he gave constant personal attention. He was a commissioner for tiie or- ganization of Lassen County in 1864. In 1873 he built a larger store with a hall overhead for the various organizations to meet in. He re- moved to Los Angeles in 1882, handling realty for about three years. He was elected council- man in 1885, and president of the council in 1886. On the organization of the Southern California National Bank in June, 1886, he was elected vice-president, and at the election of of- ficers in January, 1889, he was chosen president. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of tlie Kepublican party, and in religious affili- ation inclines to Unitarianism, though the tra- ditions of the family are Baptist, his grandfather and great-grandfather having been elders in that communion. September 21, 1861, Mr. Breed was married to Miss Samantha Blood, born in New York, August 10, 1843. She died August 19, 1867, leaving one child, Frederick Arthur, born July 7, 1862, who was killed in a railroad accident in Arizona, at the age of twenty-three. Mr. Breed was again married May 28, 1870, to Miss Annie J. Blunt, born in Somerset County, Maine, September 20, 1852. They liave one child, Lillian, born June 21, 1871. JSAAC BANTA.— Among the beautiful and |l elegant residences on Fair Oak avenue, Pasa- ^ dena, surrounded by the many luxuries of life which suggest to the tourist not only the wealth but also the rare taste and culture of the owners, is the home of Mrs. Banta, widow of the late Isaac Banta. Mr. Banta was a native of New York State, having been born in Mont- gomery County. For a number of years he was engaged as superintendent of railroad work, and later he devoted his time to farming in Huron County, Ohio, where, in 1846, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary G. Hooper. In 1882 he came to California and settled in Pasadena. Here he engaged largely in the real-estate busi- ness, in which he was very successful. His /,^ ^f. J^ ^^^-^^^^^b^^c^. HISTOUY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. career in the Golden State, however, was des- tined to be of only a few years' duration, for, in 1888, after a life of usefulness, he was called to that otlier world, leaving a wife and two grown daughters to mourn his loss. -^-i^-^ JPSENRY DWIGIIT BARROWS was born 1^ February 23, 1825, in Mansfield, Tolland ^(e County, Connecticut, near the Williman- • tic River, which separates the town of Coventry from Mansfield. His ancestry came from Eng- land to Plymouth Colony, and afterward two brothers by the name of Barrows moved from I'lyitionth to Mansfield, where they settled. From these two brothers, who seem to have been of a hardy stock, sprang a great number of descendants, many of whom still remain in Mansfield. The subject of this sketch says he counted over thirty heads of families of that name in his native town in 1845. Indeed, it was the most numerous family name in the town at that time and for years afterward; be- sides, many married and acquired other names, and many also scattered throughout the United States. His ancestors on his mother's side were Binghams. Mr. Barrows's early years were spent on a farm, and he received a good, thorough English education in the common schools and academies of Tolland County. He also taught school several winters, commencing when only seventeen years old. Early in life he acquired a strong love for music, which lie cultivated as he had opportunity, learning to play on any instrument he could get hold of He took lessons on the organ of a Mr. Monds, an English organist in Hartford, Connecticut. He also became the leader of the local brass band of his native town when he was only eighteen, ye'^rs of age. He was fond of books and de- voured all he could get hold of in the neigh- borhood, which, however, was not very rich in literature of any kind. He read through the Bible and Shakespear and Byron, including all the prose writings of the latter. A stray copy of Dr. Dick's "Christian Philosopher" he read with delight, and he thinks to this day that it is one of the best books that can be placed in a boy's hands to enlarge his ideas of the worlds around him. He went to New York in 184:9 and engaged in clerking; and while there had a touch of the California gold fever which pre- vailed so generally that year. However, he did not decide to go to the new El Dorado till some years later. In 1850 he went to Boston, where he lived something over two j'ears, being employed as book-keeper in the large jobbing house of J. W. Blodgett & Co., on Pearl street. This firm sold goods in every State in the Union and in Canada, doing an immense business; and the experience and discipline acquired here were invaluable to him in after life. During his residence in Boston he of course enjoyed the lectures, music, etc., of that center of intel- lectual activity. He says he retains to-day a vivid recollection of Theodore Parker's preach- ing, the Lowell Institute lectures, the concerts of the Germauians, Jenny Lind, etc. In the spring of 1852 he finally concluded to come to California, and April 1 he left Boston for his home in Connecticut to get ready for the trip, and on the 26th of that month he sailed from New York on the steamer Illinois, with a large number of passengers. The hardships of crossing the Isthmus at that time were great, the railroad having been finished only a few miles out from Aspinwall, the balance of the way being made by row-boat up the Chagres River to Gorgona, and from thence, twenty- six miles, on mule-back or on foot to Panama. To a Northern man the heat of all seasons seems formidable on the Isthmus. Especially is this true at Aspinwall, where the heat becomes more oppressive on account ot the excessive humidity of the atmosphere. It used to be said that it rained there all the time in the " wet season " ami twenty hours a day in the "dry season." The connecting steamer of the Illinois on the Pacific was the Golden Gate, Captain Patterson, of the navy, commander- About 1,700 passengers came up on this trip. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Soon after arriving in San Francisco, Mr. Bar- rows started for the Northern Mines above Shasta; but he worl^\ of what is now the populous town of Glendora is the above-named gentleman. Mr. Cullen is a native of Loudoun County, Virginia, and dates his birth in 1841. His father. Dr. John Cullen, was a prominent dentist in that county. He was a native of Virginia, as was also Mr. Cullen's mother, nee Harriet Furr. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native county until eighteen years of age. He then went to Oxford, Mississippi, and joined his father, who had preceded him to that place. There he entered upon a course of study in the Mississippi State University, in the preparatory department, which he continued until the break- ing out of the civil war in 1861. Upon the first commencement of hostilities he entered the Confederate army as a member of the Lamar Rifles. Early in 1861 liis command was as- signed to the army of Virginia, and he partici- pated in the tirst battles of the war. He was with that arn)y at the battle of Manassas and also at the sietre of Wirktown and battles of HISTORY OF LOS ANQELBS COUNTY. Williamsburg, West Point and Seven Pines, or Fair Oaks. In the latter engagement Mr. Ciil- Ica was severely wounded, necessitating the amputation of his right arm. After the loss of his arm he was retired from active service in the ranks, but remained with the armies of the Confederacy throughout the war as a dispatch bearer and in other positions of confidence and trust. At the close of the war he located at Memphis, Tennessee, where for many years ho was engaged in mercantile business and other enterprises. He was for a long time connected with the Cotton Compress Association, and was also for several years the license collector of the city of Memphis. In 1874 he came to California and located in Los Angeles County. Shortly afterward he purchased a squatter's right to 160 acres of Government land at the Azusa, where now stands the town of Glendora. This land was wild and uncultivated and was among that claimed by the Azusa grant holders. Mr. CuUen took up his residence upon this land and commenced its improvement and cultiva- tion, and for years stubbornly resisted the claims of the grant holders, and finally, in 1883, se- cured a Government patent. A portion of his original 160 acres is now part of the town site of Glendora, but he still owns seventy acres^ upon fifty acres of which he is conducting horti- cultural and viticultural pursuits. Ilis fine vine- yards comprise thirty-five acres, twenty-seven of which are producing wine grapes of the Zinfandel, Matero and Trousseau varieties. Eight acres are devoted to table grapes, princi- ])ally of the Muscat and Black Malvoise varie- ties. He has tun acres of citrus and deciduous fruits. Among his improvements is a winerj' of sufficient capacity to manufacture and care for the products of his vineyard. Such water as is neeiied for irrigation has been developed by him near the Dal ton Canon, and is piped to his reservoir of some 150,000 gallons capacity, and from thence piped all over his lands. His well-ordered cottage residence is beautifully located, affording a pleasant view of the valley. Witli the exception of tlirce yisars, — from 1S79 to 1882, — -when Mr. Cullen's official position as tax collector of Los Angeles C)unty required his presence in Los Angeles, he has been a resi- dent of this part of the county since 1874. He is well known as an energetic and progressive citizen, taking an interest in the success of the community in which he resides. In political matters he is Democratic, and may always be found allied with the best elements of hispirty. He has served as a delegate in many of the county conventions. In 1876 he was elected justice of the peace in his township, and in 1879 was elected tax collector and served three years. In 1884, upon the establishment of the Glendora postoffice, he was appointed postmaster, and held th* position until resigning in 1888. It may be truthfully said that in whatever posi- tion of trust Mr. Cullen has been placed, he has filled the same with honor to himself and satis- faction to his constituents. In 1870 Mr. Cullen was united in marriage with Miss Mary Fitz- gerald. From this marriage there are seven children living: Maud M., Walter J., Ettie M., Margaret, Clara, Wm. Gerald and Agnes. fllAKLES CHARNOCK, the subject of this sketch, was born near Preston, Eng- land, and was the sixth child of a family of ten, of John and Sophia A. Charnoek, and was born June 10, 1836, and in May, 1846, moved with his parents and their family (except the oldest son, W. H., who remained, and the second son, Thomas, who was drowned), to Stratford, Canada West (then called), where they engaged in farming and lumbering. Here the mother, who had been delicately nurtured, succumi)ed after three years to the hardships of a pioneer life, died and was buried in the Episcopal bury- ing ground at Stratford in 1854. The family moved to Madison, Wisconsin, the two oldest boys having moved to Grand Ripids, Wiscon- sin, three years previ Misly, and thither the sub- ject of this sketch went, working one year at lumbering. Tli(> next three year.- linds hint HIHTOUY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. learning the carpenter and joiner's trade, at Janesville, Wisconsin, going to school winters, and here also, in 1850 and 1857, he imbibed his ardent Eepublican ideas from such men as Judge Doo]ittIe,Washbiirn, Williams and others in the great " Fremont campaign." In Novem- ber, 1858, he moved to his father's farm, at Mantorville, Dodge County, Minnesota, visiting and working six months, then with four brothers moved west to Brown County, Big Cottonwood River, south of Fort Ridgely, where they made claims, built log cabins, broke up quite a lot of land, fenced it and raised corn and potatoes, etc. Winters he followed lumbering in Crand Kapids, Wisconsin, till May 10, 1861, when Charles and the youngest brother, Ed. F., enlisted with tliirty-four others, with Captain Catlin, of the Beaver Dam Rifles, who, finding it difficult to till up his comjiany, went to Grand Rapids and tilled out his complement of 100 men there. The com])any, after a mouth's drill in ileaver Dam, was sent to Madison, Camp Randall, and there became Company D, of the Fifth AViscon- sin. Colonel Amasa Cobb's Regiment of Infantry. After the lirst Bull Run battle the regiment was sent to Washington, Camp Kalorama; next across the Potomac at Chain Bridge, Virginia, M-here the regiment was with the Sixth Maine, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania and Forty-third New York, brigaded under General Hancock, and paraded and drilled with the Army of the Po- tomac, till the campaign " on to Richmond." Was in the battles of Williamsburg, Lee's Mills, Mechanicsville, Golden's Farm, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spott- sylvania, North and South Ana, Cold Harbor, Margces Heights, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Richmond, Crampton's Pass, Shenandoah Val- ley, with Wright and Sheridan. Was never se- verely wounded, never in hospital a day, never taken prisoner; was private. Corporal, Sergeant, Orderly Sergeant, Second and First Lieutenant. After the close of the war he was sent with his regiment to Texas, where they were mustered out at Corpus Christi, in November, 18(35, but were not discharged finally till January 13, 1866, at Indianapolis, Indiana. He went to Wisconsin; after visiting friends, and in the month of July, 1886, married Miss Hattie E. Ilowenstein, of Bucyrus, Ohio, daughter of Rev. P. Ilowenstein. With his brother he put up a saw-mill near Grand Rapids, but in 1868 moved to Iowa, where he was engaged in the retail lumber business and i'arming till the winter of 1880, when he and his family moved to Cali- fornia. He farmed on the Ballona road, near Santa Monica, a couple of years, sold out and moved to the city of Los Angeles, and was en- gaged in the grocery business one year, but finding this to be a very unsuitable business for a lumberman, he sold cut, and has since been dealing in real estate in this and adjoining counties. He has still some good realty, and has erected the line brick block on his lot, cor- ner of Fifth and Main streets, during the present year. Mr. Charnock is a member of Stanton Post, G. A. R., No. 55; also of Pentalfa Lodge, No. 202, F. & A. M., and Cceiir de Lion Com- mandery. Knight Templars, No. 9. His present residence is No. 456 South Los Angeles street, iiut will be in his brick, corner of Fifth and Main streets, where he will be glad to meet his friends. His family at present consists of him- self, his wife and daughter, Miss Laura E., having buried three children. He is an enthu- siastic admirer of Southern California, and says that be has made his last move. — ^€®::»-^^^ — PENJAMIN CHADSEY, contractor and builder, corner of Hancock and Kurtz streets. East Los Angeles, was born in the Dominion of Canada, March 6, 1836. Here he attended school and learned the trade of his father, the family all being mechanics. Upon reachiTig manhood, he determined to come to the Pacific Coast, and in 1858 sailed from New York, via the Isthmus of Panama and Aspin- wali, to California, arriving in San Francisco June 14. After spending a few months in So- noma County, he went to the mines at Colum- nisroRY OP LOS anoeles county. Ilia, Tuolumne County, and remained there until 1869. He then left the mines, went to Stock- ton, and thefollowingyearcaraeio Los Angeles, where he engaged in building. For the past nineteen j'ears he has successfully carried on the business here and is the oldest contractor and builder in the city. He has been interested in building associations and has done his full share in advancing the progress and develop- ment of the city. He has an attractive home in East Los Angeles at the corner of Kurtz and Hancock streets, with three lots on the former and two on the latter street. Mr. Chadsey was united in marriage August 5, 1872, to Miss Marietta Close, a native of England. They have fuur ciiildren: Alice, Edwin, Isabel and Orville. ^li-. Chadsey is a member of the A. O. U. W. and also of the Select Knights. f^.NTONK) FRANCO CORONEL has been j iso intimately and prominently associated ^^3h=^ with the annals of Los Angeles and of California, that it is no easy matter to condense his life within the limited space available for a single subject in this work. We will, however, give the salient points, leaving the matter to be more elaborately treated in an autobiography, on which it is understood Mr. Coronel is en- gaged, and which it is hoped he will give to the world at an early day, for a full record of his remembrances since his arrival in California more than fifty years ago would constitute a history of the State. Being a man of education and of afJ'airs, he has been called to fill many important positions of trust. We have barely room for a list of these; and the importance of his relation to some of them — especially to the Liu)antour claim to half of San Francisco, and to the Mission Indians, and the labors of hi?n- self and Mrs. Coronel, in connection with Mrs. Jackson — can hardly be appreciated without extended explanations. Don Antonio's father, Don Ygnacio F. Coronel, was many years ago a resident of the city of lS[e.\ico and an officer under General, afterward Emperor, Yturbide. In 1834 he came with liis family to California. His ciiildren were: Joscfa, who married Matias Sabichi; Antonio F., the subject of this sketch; Macaela; Soledad, who married Jose M. Yn- dart; Rosa; Manuel F., still living; Maria An- tonio, who married Alex Godey; and Ygnacio, Jr. All are deceased except the two brothers, Antonio and Manuel. Mr. Coronel, the father, was an educated man and gave his children a good education. He established the first school in Los Angeles under the Lancastrian system. He died in 1862. Antonio was born October 21, 1817, in the city of Mexico, and came with his father to Califisrnia in 1834. In 1838 lie was appointed Assistant Secretary of Tribunals of the city of Los Angeles. In 1843 he was made Judge of First Instance (Peace). In 1844 General Micheltorena appointed him Captain and Inspector of the Southern Missions. In 1845 he was made commissioner to treat for peace between Micheltorena and his opposere, Juan Baptista Alvarado and Jose Castro, com- manders of the revolutionary forces. In 1846, in consequence of the American invasion, he was called into actual service as Captain. After the battle of October 8, 1846, at the San Pedro or Dominguez Rancho, he was given charge of the American flag captured there, for him to carry as trophy to Mexico, but on account of meet- ing Kearny, the American General, at the Colo- rado River, he was forced to abandon all hope of personally taking tiie flag, and he sent it secretly with Felipe Castillo. Subse(^iicntly he was named Aid-de-Camp of the Commanding General, and took part in the battles of the 8th and 0th at Partolo Pass and the Mesa. In 1847 and 1848 he was a member of the body of magistrates, having in charge the regulation of irrigation. He was county assessor in 1850 and 1851, and in 1853 was elected mayor of the cit}'. He was a member of the city council with the exception of two years, from 1854 till 1866, when he was elected State Treasurer for four years. Mr. Cor- onel has also been a supervisor, a member of the State Horticultural Society, and jji-esident of the UISrOIiY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Spanish-American Benevolent Society. Both he and Mrs. Coronal are active members of the Historical Society of Southern California, and both take a keen interest in local historical matters. They have probably one of the most complete private collections of Spanish, Mexican, and Indian curios in California. When the notorious claim of Limantour came before the United States Courts, in 1857, Mr. Coronel was sent in private to the city of Mexico to examine the archives there, and gather testimony, etc., which his knowledge of the Spanish language and acquaintance with public men in that capi- tal, enabled him to do very efficiently. He found abundant evidence to prove that Li man- tour's alleged title was forged and that his claims were utterly fraudulent. His labors were facilitated by President Comonfort and other high officials. He obtained much valu- able evidence proving that it was forged and fraudulent. This evidence was laid before the United States Court, and the claim was rejected finally, and thus the titles to thousands of homes in San Francisco were cleared of the cloud that, like a pall, hung over them. Only those who were cognizant at the time of the excitement that was stirred up throughout California by this case can appeciate how intense the excite- ment was. Limantour maintained his colossal pretensions with the utmost vigor and by the most unscrupulous means. He brought wit- nesses from Mexico to swear tu the genuineness of his grant, though it was afterward clearly l>roved to have been forged. Mr. Coronel's serv- ices in helping to lay bare t'lis great fraud were of the utmost importance. Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson has borne warm testimony in the Century magazine and elsewhere of both Mr. and Mrs. Coronel, in behalf of the defenseless Mission Indians of Southern California. Mr. Coronel fur- nished Mrs. Jackson the materials of her story of "Ramona," and visited with her the various places where she located her story, and aided her in acquiring knowledge of the customs and traditions of the people, whereby she could give it in the proper coloring. Wiien Mrs. Jackson first thought of writing " Ramona," she wished to take Mr. Coronel's place as a typical Mexican home; but as Mrs. Del Yalle's house was more suited to that purpose, it was decided — with the consent of Mrs. Del Valle — that Cannitos be- come the home of Ramona, only the plot is laid many, many years before the Del Valle family lived there. While the work was going through the press, she had the proofs sent to him for correction of episodes in which he took part. He also gave her the materials of another and more dramatic story, based on real life here in Southern California, the beautiful heroine of which, "Nacha," was well known by soTue of the best of the old Spanish families. If Mrs. Jackson had lived, she was to have worked them up as a companion story of " Ramona." He also gave her the data of her account of Father Junipero, the founder of the California Missions. And he took the lead in getting up the celebration or solemnization of the centennial of the death of that eminent prelate. In 1873 Mr. Coronel married Doiia Mariana Williamson. In 1887 Mr. and Mrs. Coronel visited the city of Mexico, and expected to have taken an extended Eastern trip; but as Don Antonio was taken seriously ill in Mexico, the latter portion of their tour was reluctantly given up. Since their return to Los Angeles he has entirely recovered his health. They have lately built themselves a modern, commodious and beautiful home. For many years Mr. Coronel, as a politician, was influential in the party to which he belonged; but latterly he has withdrawn from active participation in political affairs. He is liberal in his ideas. He judges people by their personal qualities, rather than by their nationality or by their political or religious creed. fENORA MARIAN /V W. i.e CORONEL, wife of Hon. Antonio F. Coronel, was born in San Antonio, Texas, in 1851, and is the eldest daughter of Nelson Williamson, a native of Augusta, Maine, now eighty-seven years old. IIISTOUT OF LOU ANQELES COUNTY. and Gertrudes Roiuana de Williamson, of Mexi- can birth. As she was taught to use the lan- guage of botli her father and mother from her infancy, she speaks both the English and Spanish languages with equal facility. Her family emi- grated to California in 1859. She was educated in the public schools of Los Angeles and in the College of the Sisters of St. Vincent. In 1873 she was married to Mr. Coronel. The union has been a singularly happy one. All who have known them with any degree of intimacy have been struck with the perfect sympathy which seems to exist between them. Mrs. Jackson, who came to be their ardent friend and co- laborer in behalf of the defenseless Mission Indians of Southern California, has borne grace- ful testimony to this characteristic, in the Century magazine and elsewhere. Mr. and Mrs. Coronel did much to assist that gifted and philanthropic lady to see the Mission Indian question, as they (as life-long friends of these Indians) saw it — as it is. The Indian question, as relating to the always friendly and entirely harmless Mission Indians of California, is a radically different one from that which relates to the treacherous Apaches of Arizona and New Mexico, or to the murderous Comanches of Texas; and it is high time the American people took note of this distinction. These poor, con- fiding and kindly children of nature have been encroached upon, robbed, and in many and in- genious ways insulted and outraged by un- scrupulous self-styled civilized people; and benevolent citizens like the Coronels and others have long been cognizant of the fact, and have ilone what they could to befriend and advise the Indians and stand l)etween them and those who have wronged them. And when one who loved justice, and who was as sensitive to the right as was Mrs. Jackson, came to see this question in the light that others did, as that good Benito Wilson and Hugo Hied did long ago, no wonder her heart was stirred up; and that she threw her whole soul into the portrayal of their wrongs, in "Ramona" and in the "Century of Dishonor.' And neither is it strange that she should be- come the warm-hearted friend of Mr. and Mrs. Coronel, who had long been engaged in a work that she, after she came to know them, entered upon with extraordinaj-y zeal. The gratitude of the San Luis, Pala, and other Mission Indians toward the Coronels, Mrs. Jackson, Colonel Markham and others who have befriended thein, is touching in the extreme. Don Antonio has many letters from their Captains, asking advice, etc. One of them, Jose Luis Albanes, Captain of the Kincon Indians, wrote in good Spanish and in a fair hand to Mr. Coronel, August 21, 1888: "Yo me acuerdo mucho lo que dijieron el Senor Markham y Mrs. Jackson y usted," etc. (I think much of what Mr. Markham and Mrs. Jackson and 3'ou said). And in the same letter he recalls how "we all pre- sented ourselves to our Queen, Mrs. Jackson, and afterward to Mr. Markham, Representative to Congress," etc. He next speaks of the " suf- ferings, which all of us suffer here." Also, "We want to know why the Americans are building houses very near; we remain quiet, be- cause we do not know where the lines run." And in various letters he speaks in behalf of himself and his people in the most affectionate and respectful and grateful terms; of Colonel Markham, Mrs. Jackson and Mr. and Mrs. Cor- onel, for assisting and counseling them in their helpless condition. In another letter dated April 29, 1889, he says: " Senor Don Antonio Coronel, My Dear Sir (Patron Mio): — After kindly and respectfully saluting yourself and your wife (Mi patrona, Dona Mariana Coronel), I ask you to do me the favor to reply to me, dear sir (patron mio), in regard to a matter that we do not understand, but which interests us all. ( )ur attorney was here two or three months, working in our behalf, selecting lands for each person, in the Ranclio de Pauma." He then with some repetition goes on to say that tiie at- torney, Mr. Lewis, brought the surveyor, who set up stakes for the corners, and laid off lands for all who lived there in Pauma. Evidently they did not thoroughly understand all tliuir rights in the matter under this new mode of UISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. holding lands, and desired advice from tlieir friend in whom they had the must implicit con- fidence. In closing lie said: " 1 wish you would send nie your photograjth (reteato) and that of your wife (la Senora), and also of the deceased Elena (Mrs. Jackson), and also of your mother. We are all well here, thanks to the Lord. " Adios! Patron mio. llecibe espreciones de " Jose Luis Albanes, " Capitan del Rincon." Mrs. Coronel accompanied Mrs. Jackson in her visits to the different villages of the Mission Indians and acted as interpreter for her as com- missioner while she, Mrs. Jackson, was acquaint- ing herself with their conditions and necessities- and assisted her in many ways in her historical and literary work in behalf of the Indians, and in her report concerning their condition. The Mission Indians very generally understand Spanish, but they do not understand English; and Mrs. Jackson found Mrs. Coronel's assist- ance invaluable, to which fact, and to the strong affection that grew up between them, Mrs. Jack- son has in many ways borne testimony. In this connection we are permitted to transcribe the following letter from Mrs. Jackson, written dur- ing her last sickness to Mr. and Mrs. Coronel: " 1600 Taylor Street, San Francisco, " May 30, 1885. "Dear Friends: — I am afraid you are ill. I wrote you weeks ago, asking you to go to the Verdugo Canon and get me the baskets from the Indian women, and send them to me here, with the broad flat one I left with you. I also asked you to write out for me some romantic story or legend of the olden time here suitable for a ballad poem which I had been asked to write. I>ut that is no matter now. I am too ill. I shall never write any more poems, I think. But I would like to have the baskets and see them and send them to the friend for whom I bought them. " Yours with much art'ection, "11. J." In a letter to Mr. Coronel dated San Fran- cisco, October 1, 1885, after Mrs. Jackson's death, Mr. Abbot Kinney, who had been a co- commissioner with her, adds this postscript: " Mrs. William S. Jackson, in her last con- scious moments, sent a message of love to Mrs. Coronel and desired me to say that she wished her a successful and hajipy life." Not at all strange is it that Mrs. Coronel worships her friend's memory, and carefully treasures the tokens and letters, etc., received from her; nor that tears sometimes come to her eyes at the sight of her friend's picture, or at the mention of her name. Mrs. Coronel has a natural love for art. In the county exposition of 1877 she took the first prize in her work in wax. Both she and her husband are members of the His- torical Society of Southern California, in the objects of which both take much interest. For her amiability and personal worth, she is esteemed not only by her friends near home, but also by those who know her and live in other States and in other lands. fW. COLTRIN, one of the first settlers in Compton and one of the substantial ® farmers of Los Angeles County, was born in Geauga (now Lake) County, Ohio, in 1828, and is the son of Elisha C. and Betsey (Sinclaire) Coltrin, natives of New York and Vermont respectively, and of Scotch origin. In 1852 Mr. Coltrin started westward, Jeav- ing his native county on the 11th day of May, and coming overland to Salt Lake, where he remained from November till March. In that month he again continued his journey toward the setting sun, and on June 12, 1853, landed in Placerville, California, having been just thirteen months and one day on the trip. Until they reached Kanesville, Iowa, they traveled with horse teams, but from that point the jour- ney' was made with ox teams. Like the ma- jority of emigrants in those days, he tried his luck in the mines, remaining in the mining HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 429 region of Placerville until September of that year, at which time he went to San Francisco. He continued in that city one year, subse- quently went to El Dorado County and en >^uged in mining, and eight years later to San Joaquin County, where he engaged in farming until 1866. He then went to Santa Cruz County, and later to Los Angeles County, where he has continued to reside. His original pur- chase here was forty acres, and to this he has added thirty acres more, now having one of the best farms in this part of Southern California, all well improved and highly cultivated. He has raised some very fine Holstein cattle, and all the stock on his farm is of the best grade. Mr. Coltrin is a pioneer of the pioneers, and is recognized as one of the leading and enterpris- ing citizens of the community. He is a pub- lie-spirited man and is honored and esteemed by his fellow citizens. While a resident of El Dorado County he was, in 1860, elected on the Douglas ticket to the State Legislature, where lie served his term of office with credit to both himself and his constituents. His social stand- ing in the L O. O. F. lodge in Compton is of the highest order. July 4, 1854, Mr. Coltrin married Miss Martha M. Point, of Akron, Ohio, who came to California in the same train with him, the marriage taking place at Smith's Flat, El Dorado County. fEORGE CAMPTON was born in the West Indies, in 1839. His father, Thomas Campton, was an officer in the British army and was stationed in the Indies when George was born. When he was two years of age his father went to Toronto, and there en- gaged in tlie mercantile business on Queen street. During his connection with the British army he had made quite an independent fort- une. The subject of this biographical sketch started out for himself very early in life. At the age of sixteen years he opened a butcher shop in Toronto, and carried it on very success- fully for five years. In 1861 he came by steamer route to California, landing in San Francisco, where he again went into the butcher bu.«iness, in Washington Market. In 1868 he went to White Pine and tried his luck at min- ing, but it did not "pan out," so in 1870 he went back to San Francisco, and subsequently to Monterey County, where he hired out as a clerk in a general merchandise store. After one year he was made general manager of a large stock and agricultural ranch. Here he made two trips each week around the two stock ranches and the agricultural ranch, each trip making seventy miles. In May, 1875, he took charge of the San Francisco Eanch of 48,000 acres, owned by H. M. Newhall, and was in charge as superintendent till September, 1876, when he opened up the mercantile business at Newhall. In this ho has been eminently suc- cessful. He carries a lull line of dry goods and general merchandise; also lumber and farm implements. For nine years he served as post- master at Newhall, being the first one ap- pointed. He is interested in educational mat- ters, and has served on the school board a number of times. Mr. Campton is a model business man. He began for himself when a mere boy, and by honest integrity and strict attention to business, he has succeeded, and to- day commands the respect and confidence of the community whose interests he has so ma- terially aided in developing. Whatever the future of Newhall may be, the name of George Campton, the "pioneer merchant," will never be lost sight of nor forgotten. W. CHENEY.— A biographical his- ^ ,\/ \/' tory of Los Angeles County would not Cys^ ^ be complete without an appropriate mention of the pioneer whose name is at the head of this sketch. He is now one of the oldest and most highly respected citizens of the city of Downey. Every one in this part of the county knows Mr. Cheney and his excellent U I STORY OF LOS AJSGELES COUNTY. wife, who, with him, has been a member of tlie Methodist Episcopal Church, Soutli, for over fifty years. They have walked,' and worked, and prayed together for more than half a centni'y. He was born in Tennessee, February 22, 181(5, and is a son of William and Sarah (Scott) Che- ney. His father was born in North Carolina, and his mother in Pennsylvania. They were married in Kentucky, moved to Tennessee, and lived there till 1833, when they moved to Car- roll County, Arkansas, and there he died in 1835. Our subject grew to manhood there and was married to Miss Martha Meek. This lady is a native of the Hoosier State, born in 1821, and daughter of Jeremiah Meek, of Jennings County, Indiana. Her mother was from Ken- tucky, and they had twelve children. He moved to Tennessee and lived there ten years, and then to Carroll County, Arkansas, where the mother died some years later. He then went to Texas and there died. Twenty years ago Mr. Cheney crossed the plains and has since been a citizen of Los Angeles County. His recollections of the six months' journey are very vivid, and his recitations of events which took place then and also those which took place in the early days of this county are interesting, amusing and in- structive. His first purchase of real estate in this county was eighty acres near Downey. On this he made a home, and he has added other and valuable property, including lots in Rivera and in the city of Los Angeles. He has been eminently successful, and is now retired from active business life. Socially he is a Freemason, and politically a strong and conscientious sup- porter of the principles of the Democratic party. f|ASPARE COHN was born in Prussia, ^ June 14, 1839. He came to New York "^js* in 1857, and to California, via Panama, in 1859. In 1861 he went to Red Bluffs, where he remained four years. He then returned to Los Angeles, and became a member of the firm of II. Newmark & Co., and helped to build up the immense business of that house during nineteen years, or till himself and H. Newmark retired from it. Mr. Colin is a thorough busi- ness man.. He is possessed of tireless energy, and has a capacity for large transactions. In 1872 Mr. Cohn married Miss Newmark. They have four children. tLFRED BECK CHAPMAN is a native of Greensboro, Alabama, where he was born September 6, 1829. His father was born in Virginia, and graduated at the University of North Carolina, of which his grandfather M'as president. Their ancestors were from Enghujd. Alfred, the subject of this sketch, graduated from West Point in 1854, and was afterward sta- tioned (being assigned to the First Regiment of Dragoons) in Florida, and successively at Forts Leavenworth, Benicia, Tejon and Churchill, after which he resigned and commenced the study of law with his father-in-law, the late J. R. Scott. He practiced law with Andrew Glassell, Esq., in Los Angeles for some twenty years. He was several years city attorney, and also dis- trict attorney. In 1879 Mr. Chapman retired from his extensive law practice, and moved on to his rancho, which is a portion of the Santa Anita grant, where he owns about 700 acres. Here he has been engaged in horticultural pur- suits, in which he has met with great success, that has only been clouded temporarily, he hopes, by the ravages of the white scale. He has nearly 10,000 citrus trees in bearing, which yielded before the advent of the pest (in 1885- '86) 15,000 boxes of oranges and several thou- sand boxes of lenjons. Last season the yield was materially reduced by the white scale to about 10,000 boxes altogether. But orange growers have strong hopes that the new enemy of the white scale will destroy the lattei', and save the orchards from destruction. Mr. Chap- man was first married to Miss Scott, in 1859. Six children were the issue of this marriage: Scott, who has served two years as a mem- IIltiTOHY OP LOS ANGELES COUNT T. ber of the State Horticultural Society, and who is an expert and an authority on horticultural questions; "William, who lately graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York City; and three daughters, Lucy, Ruth and Evelyn, and Richard. Mrs. Chapman died some years ago; and in 1883 Mr. Chapman married liis second wife, a daughter of the late Colonel W. II. Stevens. Mr. Chapman is a man of sterling qualities and of a very genial dispo- sition. General Robert II. Chapman, a brother, and also two sisters of Mr. Chapman, are resi- dents of the county. f^-^-- fAMUEL BRADFORD CASWELL was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, January 3, 1828. His ancestors were of English extraction. The first on the paternal side to come to this country were three brothers Cas- well, who came to Taunton abont 1630, or very soon after the first settlement of the Plymouth Colony. His maternal ancestors were Leonards. When seventeen years of age he moved to Fall River, and later to Waieham, where, in the year 1849, on the day he attained his majority, he married Miss Mary Bradford Gribbs. In 1852 he engaged in merchandising at Fall River, till 1855, when he came to California via Panama. He went to Nevada County, where he devoted his attention to mining till 1864, he being one of the first to introduce hydraulic washing. He sold out that year and visited the East. In June, 1865, he returned to California and came to Los Angeles, where with John F. Ellis, now deceased, he engaged in merchandising, doing an extensive business till 1875. From 1875 to 1878 he was clerk of the city council. Since that time he has been in the employ of the City Water Company as auditor. Mr. Caswell was a supervisor of the county one term, and in 1872 he was a member of the city council. Mr. Caswell is a thorough business man, of broad views and wide experience, of great executive ability and of sterling integrity. He is one of the executors of the extensive estate of the late Remi Nadeau. Mr. and Mrs. Caswell have had two children — a daughter who married J. T. Clarke, of Norwich, Connecticut, now deceased, and a son, William Mitchell, who is the present cashier of the Los Angeles Savings Bank. The hitter was for three years a cadet at West Point. fB. CASS and B. H. CASS compose the firm of Cass Brothers' Stove Company, ® proprietors of the stove and tinware house, No. 38 South Spring street. They are natives of Albion, New York, where they were born thirty-two and thirty years ago respect- ively. P. C. Cass, their father, is a Vermont Yankee, who went to the Empire State when a young man, and married and reared his family there, while pursuing the business of general merchandising. He now resides in Los Angeles, retired. A. B. Cass came West soon after at- taining his majority, and started a general mer- chandise store in the Indian Territory. About six years later his younger brother and ))re8eiit partner joined him, and they carried on a very prosperous business together, until, tiring of the privations and rough life of the frontier, especially the lack of educational advantages for their children, they decided to move to a coun- try where a more advanced civilization prevails. Acting upon this decision, they closed out their business in the land of the red men, and came to Los Angeles in January, 1888. The same month they opened a store on Third street, which has done and still is doing a fine busi- ness. In March, 1889, Cass Brothers bought the business of Northcraft & Clark, at 269 North Main street. Their store is 100 feet deep, with a storage room and work-shop in the rear. The basement is used for storing stove castings, and a large warehouse on the east side of the river is kept filled by the firm with re- served stock. They have a large trade in stoves, tin, sheet-iron and copper ware, and employ from three to five men in the shop, manufact- UISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. uring pieced goods in these lines. Tiie iiriii have tlie sole agency on the Pacific Coast for some, and in Southern California for others of the leading makes of gasoline stoves, among thein the Peerless, made in Cleveland, Ohio, and the Twin Burner, manufactured in St. Louis, Missouri. They also have the general agency for the Florence oil stove. They make a specialty of jobbing these goods, and handle them in large quantities. The Prize Hub ranges and stoves, made at Boston, are their leaders in this line, and are a highly im- proved pattern of cooking apparatus. This en- terprising firm stands high in business circles, and is very popular with customers, which ac- counts in a degree for the marked prosperity and growth of their business during its history in Los Angeles. In June, 1885, Mr. A. B. Cass was married, in the Indian Territory, to Miss Tnfts, daughter of J. Q. Tufts, Lidian Agent there at that time. „«_ ..^^^^^._,^ fATHANIEL C. CARTER. — For nearly twenty years the subject of this sketch has been identitied with the building up and a;dvancing the interests of Los Angeles County. He is the best known, probably, in his connec- tion with the Sierra Madre Colony. He was the founder of that colony, and the father of an en- terprise that eventually resulted in settling up one of the most desirable portions of San Ga- briel Valley, inviting emigration and establishing a community that for intelligence, progressive and public-spirited enterprise and moral stand- ing is unexcelled in the county. Li February, 1881, Mr. Carter purchased from E. J. Baldwin 1,100 acres of the choicest portions of the beauti- ful Santa Anito Ranch. This tract, then in its wild state, comprised the northern portion of that ranch, commencing at the base of the Sierra Madre Mountains and gently sloping toward the valley. Immediately after this purchase he laid out broad avenues, and subdivided the lands into twenty, forty and eighty acre tracts, and offered them at low prices to settlers, as the desirable location for self-sustaining and beautiful homes. Water was developed from the numerons springs an 1 streams in the mountains on the north and piped throughout the colony lands. His enterprise was a success from the start. The rich and fertile lands, the genial climate, comparatively free from fogs and frost, the never-failing sup- ply of the purest mountain water, were advan- tages such as few sections ]iossessed, and that model colony sprang into existence as by magic. Its enterprising settlers built comfortable homes, planted orchards and vineyards, graded avenues, erected churches and schools and other public buildings; and in a few years Mr. Carter, from his beautiful home at "Carterhia," had a view of one of the most prosperous sections of the valley. Of the original tract, Mr. Carter is now the owner of about 400 acres, 300 of which are under cultivation. One hundred and ten acres ai-e in grape-vines of the most approved wine and table varieties. Ten acres are in citrus fruits and an equal amount of land is devoted to deciduous fruits. Fifty acres are used for garden purposes, producing vegetables for the markets of Los Angeles and Pasadena. The rest of the land is used for general farming. Mr. Carter is a practical and thorough horticult urist and success attends his eflbrts in that calling. His home is one of the most pleasant to be found in the county or in Southern Cali- foi-nia. It is situated upon a sloping hill, part way up the mountain-side, on a jutting promi- nence, and commands one of the most striking, extended and beautiful views of the valley, Puente Hills and even the sea beyond. He has erected a magnificent residence, in which he has combined the conveniences and luxuries that characterize a well-ordered modern home. This beautiful home is well styled "The Crown of the Valley." Mr. Carter is a native of New England, dating his birth at Lowell, Massachu- setts, in 1840. He was reared and schooled in that city, and early in life entered into mercan- tile pursuits as a clerk. In 1862, in connection with his l>rother, he established himself in the IHSTOUY Oh' LOi ANdBLE.S COUNTY. grocery business, and later sold out his interest to his brother, after wliich he establislied an agency fur tlic sale of sewing machines, lie also, ill connection witli that business, estab- lished tlie manufactnre of irady-iuude clothng and United States flags. The first flag made by machine work for the United States Govern- ment was manufactured by Mr. Carter in 18GC. Mr. Carter conducted his enterprises in Lowell until liis failing liealth demanded a complete chano'e of climate. In 1870 he made an ex- tended visit to Southern California, 3pe ndi many months in visiting different sections, seek- ing a restoration of health. He was much benefited and returned to his business. It soon became manifest that nothing but a permanent residence in the mild climate of Southern Cali- fornia would enable Mr. Carter to prolong his life. He, therefore, in 1872, came to Los Ange- les County and, after a winter spent in the city of Los Angeles, took up his residence in the San Gabriel Valley. Purchasing a portion of the Florres Ranch near San Gabriel, he entered into horticultural pursuits. Mr. Carter was an enthusiast in advocating the then comparatively unknown resources of Los Angeles County. He spent time and money in making known to his Eastern friends the Arcadia of the Pacific Coast. In 1874 he organized and established the well known " Carter Excursions," bringing train loads of Eastern people to visit California, being the pioneer in that business. He con- ducted these excursions for several seasons, or niitil 1881, when he purchased the Sierra Madre tract and took up his residence there. During his years of residence in this county Mr. Carter has taken a deep interest in its progress and set- tlement, and has been a strong supporter of and an active worker in the horticultural fairs, etc., that placed the products before the world. He was for years a member of the Sixth District State Agricultural Eoard. He lias always taken a leading part in supporting every enterprise that tends to build up his chosen Sierra Madre. He was one of the original incorporators of the Sierra Madre Water Company, and has f(jr years been the president of the company and among its board of directors. In political matters he is a Republican, and has taken a prominent position in the councils of that ]iarty, serving as a delegate in many of the county conventions and as a member of the Republican Central Committee of the county. In 1804 Mr. Car- ter married Miss Annetta M. Pierce, a native of Lowell, Massachusetts. Her parents, Alexis and Emeline (Hutterfield) Pierce, were both natives of that State. Mr. Carter's parents were AYilliam and Julia (Coburn) Carter, both born in Massachusetts, and descendants of old New England families. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Carter there are five children, viz.: Florence, now Mrs. William H. Mead, of Los Angeles; x\rthur N., Julia F., Anita E. (the first child born in the Sierra Madre colony) and Phillip C. fZRO W. CHILDS was born June 5, 1824, in Sutton, Caledonia County, Vermont, his parents l)eing Jacob and Sarah (Rich- ardson) Childs. In 1850 Mr. Childs came to California, and in November of that year set- tled in Los Angeles, where he has since con- tinuously resided. He was for many years engaged in mercantile and manufacturing business, in the hardware and allied lines. Re- markable success attended all his ventures. As his prosperity increased he embarked in the nursery business also, buying a fifty-acre tract for that and related purposes. For many years he cultivated and improved his place witli such marked snccess that it w^as ranked among the most attractive spots in the entire county. Thousands of citizens, tourists and scy'ourners have borne testimony to the artistic style in which the grounds were laid out, to the well- kept lawns, the rare trees, and the great variety of fruits and flowers that embellished the place. It would fill a large catalogue to enumerate all the exotic trees and plants that he succeeded in collecting and cultivating side by side, though 11 1 STORY UF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. very many of tliem originally came from oppo- site parts of the earth, lie was directly in- strumental in introducing iuto Southern Cali- fornia inany varieties of the serai-tropical fruits that now thrive so well here. He is, in fact, the pioneer nurseryman and floriculturist of Los Aufreles County. The growth of popu- lation and the spread of the city finally induced him, in 1884, to subdivide his tract into lots for sale, and one of the most beautiful and inter- esting landmarks in the county was thus ob- litei'ated forever. But the grounds surround- ing his present home, extending from Main to Hill and from Eleventh to Twelfth streets, are laid out with the old artistic taste of the owner, and are in their way as attractive as were his nursery and fruit and flower gardens of former years. With the advancing years Mr. Childs' business interests have become more diversified. Besides his real-estate operations, he is trustee of the Los Angeles branch of the Home Mutual Fire Insurance Company of California, president of the Los Angeles Electric Com- pany, etc. lie is also owner of Childs' Opera House, situated in the very center of the city. It was erected in 1884, has a seating capacity of about 1,800, and is engaged almost every evening in the year. In 1860 Mr. Childs was married to Miss Emeline lluber, a native of Louisville, Kentucky, of German descent. They are the parents of six living children, the eld- est, William, aged twenty-three (1889), being a ])artner in the linn of Childs & Silent. -*' • ''"^'^V'^"^ • "^ :ILLIAM CHAPPELOW is the proprie- tor of the well-known Chappelow Nurs- ery, located on Mountain avenue one le southeast of Monrovia, in the Duarte School District, El Monte Township. Mr. Chappelow established his nursery in 1882, and by his intelligent care and thorough atten- tion to business has built up one of the leading industries of the county. He is each year pro- (lucino- a choice variety of citrus and deciduous fruit trees that find a ready sale among the fruit-growers of his section. His shade and ornamental trees and floral jjroductions are un- excelled by any in the San Gabriel Valley, and are gaining for the Chappelow nursery a repu- tation second to none in the county. Mr. Chappelow came to Duarte in 1874, and, al- though not skilled in horticultural pursuits, he purchased a ten-acre tract on Mountain avenue, and in 1875^ commenced planting fruit trees and vines. He entered heartily into his call- ing, studying the efi'ects of soil, climate, etc., upon his various productions. A student by nature, he soon mastered his profession. The constant and increasing call made upon him for trees and plants from his small nnisery beds led to the establishment of his present industry. Mr. Chappelow is a native of England, and dates his birth in London in 1848. His par- ents, William and Mary Ann (Stephens) Chap- pelow, were both natives of that country. He was reared in the city of London, and given the advantages of a good schooling until the sge of seventeen years was reached. He was then ap- prenticed to an optician and scientific instru- ment maker. He took a deep interest in his calling and became a fine workman. His ap- prenticeship ended upon reaching his majority, and in 1868 he came to the United States and located in New "i'ork, wheie he readily found employment in the leading manufactories of that city. In 1870 he went to Mexico, and for the next three years was engaged in mining and assaying, after whicli he located in Arizona. Alter a siiort stay in that Territory he came to Los Angeles County and spent some mouths at farm and orchard work, until 1874, when he took up his present residence. He is well known in his section and has been identified with its best interests for many years. He is a hearty supporter of such enterprises as tend to develop its resources. Public-spirited and progressive in his views, he has proven a de- sirable acquisition to the community. Politi- cally, he is a supporter of the Prohibitii>n party. In 1878 Mr. Chappelow was united in HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. marriage vvitli Miss Callie E. Beardslee, the daughter of Dr. Neliemiah Beardslee, one of the early settlers of Lo^ Angeles County, and the foiiiuler of the well-known Beardslee tract of Duarte. Her mother was Elvira (Ander- son) Beardslee. From this marriage there are the followi Percy. chih^ «P-;-^^ A. fAMES H. CAMBELL, city clerk and as- sessor of Pasadena, was born June 22, 1866, at Clearwater, Wright County, Minnesota; moved with his parents to Poughkeepsie, New York, in August, 1868, where his father was manager of Vassar College; attended the Pough- keepsie Alilitary Institute and Bishop's Academy in that city; moved with his parents to Pasa- dena in the fall of 1877; attended the district school and afterward studied under the direction of Professor M. M. Parker; entered the city en- gineer's office in July, 1886, but in February following left the city engineer's office and com- menced the compilation of the present city map; during the summer he admitted into partnerbhip in this enterprise O. Marsh, and they finished map in January, 1888. During the suc- the ceeding spring, at the solicitation of many citi- zens, he ran as a candidate for the present posi- tion, and April 9 was elected by a large majority, receiving 569 votes out of the 749 votes cast. Was duly sworn into office on the sixteenth of that month. His term of office will expire April 16, 1890. Mr. Cambell is a member of the order of Sons of Veterans, and served as Captain of Phil Kearny Camp, No. 7, of Pasadena, from January, 1888, to January, 1889. ►4»-»^ E CHILDRESS SAFE DEPOSIT 'ji'il/'c BANK, though young in years, ranks "^ prominently among tiie great financial institutions for which Los Angeles is famous. It was established under the banking kws of the State, by W. T. and A. D. Childress, and opened its doors for business at No. 37 South Spring street in July, 1886. The banking rooms, which are admirably adapted for the purpose, are furnished with a large safe-deposit vault so constructed as to oifer absolute safety and protection to the patrons of the bank against both fire and burglars. The topi bottom and sides are made of chrome steel and iron welded and bolted together, of such combination and thickness as to render the structure entirely proof against burglars. The door is a massive affair equally impervious to the tools of the "cracksmen," and is secured by two Diebold's patent cut-ofi spindle combination locks, and the celebrated Yale time-lock. The vault has a capacity for 1,000 boxes made of welded steel and iron, with doors of the same material and extra thickness, and fitted with the latest im- proved safe-deposit locks, each supplied with two keys, a "master key" being held by the bank, which must first be inserted before the renter can gain access to the box with his private key. The key to each private vault is entirely different from every other key, thus rendering access to it by any other key than the one designed for it utterly impossible. By prescribed rules of the bank the customer must be identified as having the right to enter the vault before he is permitted to do so. The bank imparts no information as to who are depositors or renters or its business transactions with them. Ample room is furnished the patrons for the examination of the contents of their boxes, with- out the risk of carrying them through the streets. For executors, guardians, tinistees and private individuals these private safes are very con- venient and afford perfect protection to papers and other valuables at a nominal expense to the renter. The Childress Safe Deposit Bank also does general commercial banking business, buys and sells exchange, etc. Mr. A. D. Childress, who has active managment of the bank, has been in the banking business over thirteen years, and is thoroughly familiar with every branch i)f it. As an indication of his devotinn to the IIISTOMY OF LUS ANGELES COUNTY. liiiiik's interest, in three years and a half since it was opened he has only been absent from it during banking hours once long enough to make ii business trip to San Francisco and return. lie is a native of Tennessee and was twenty-nine years of age his last birthday. His father and partner, W. T. Child r Alabainian by birth, and spent lifteen years in banking life in Terrell and Sulphur Springs, Texas, before they moved to Los Angeles in 1885. Although re- tired from active business he has extensive financial interests in Los Angeles besides the bank. He is now sixty- seven years of age. fLFREDB. CHAPMAN and C. T. PAUL, pi oprietors of the stove, tinware and honse- furnishing store, at Nos. 12 and 14 Com- mercial street, opened a tin shop on the opposite side of the street under the firm name of Chap- man ct Paul, in 1879, tlie object being chiefly at first to manufacture cans for lard and honey. Their slop was in a dilapidated building, for which thoy were to pay $15 a month rent, and oil which they expended $il65 in repairs to render it tenantable, this sum to be deducted from the rent. Their business rapidly expanded and a stove department was added. A larger store and better facilities becoming necessary for the accommodation of their growing trade, the Arm leased and moved into their present quarters in 1881, at the same time adding crockery and willow-ware to their stock. The store having for many years been occupied as a crockery house. Chapman & Paul had aflne trade in that class of goods for several years, when they closed out that department and substituted shelf-hardware. \n 1886 the firm began to make a feature of plumbing and general con- tracting, whicii has grown to be an important branch of their business. This firm was the first to introduce gasoline stoves into California, about nine years ago, and created no little ex- citement among insurance men when the first car-load of them arrived. A bitter war of op- position was waged against the use of these stoves by insurance companies for some five or six months, but this enterprising firm won the victory in the way of securing a permit clause in the insurance policy for their customers to whom they had sold gasoline stoves. Chapman & Paul have made a specialty of this class of goods ever since; and having the start of other firms by two or three years, and dealing in none but the very best manufactured, they have held the lead in the trade on vapor stoves in this part of the State. A serious dithculty they had to contend with in introducing the stoves was in getting the gasoline, as no firm in the State kept it for sale in quantity. But they overcame this by ordering gasoline shipped direct from Cleveland, so the}' were enabled to supply their customers with fuel to operate their stoves- Finally the Standard Oil Company began to supply it. The firm's leaders in stove supplies are the Jewel Grand gasoline — the latest im- proved; and the liichinond stoves and ranges. They carry a general line of hardware and house- furnishing goods, including a large assortment of granite and agate wares, and also tin and cop- per ware, most of which they manufacture. Their store comprises two floors, 24x80 feet in area. They make an important feature of job work, plumbing, gas fitting, bath tubs, sinks, sewers, etc., employing from nine to fifteen skilled work- men. In September, 1888, they opened a branch store on South Spring street, for the accommodation of their customers in the south part of the city; and it is having a prosperous trade. Messrs. Chapman & Paul are both practical tinsmiths, and are thorough masters of their trade, which accounts for their remarkable success. Alfred B.- Chapman was born in Medina County, Ohio, in 1840. He served three years in the Union army as a member of Company E, Fourth Ohio Infantry, and was wounded while in the service. He also served seven years in the California State Militia, for which he holds a certificate. He was promoted to First Lieutenant of Company A, Seventh Kegiment, and had command of his company. niSTORY OF LOS ANOELBS GOUNVY. Mr. Chapman was formerly engaged in the hard- ware business in Iowa, and while there married Miss Miller, a native of Cleveland, Ohio. They moved to California in April, 1875. C. T. Paul was born in Michigan thirty-five years ago, and passed most of bis early life' in New York State at Batavia and Lockport, learning the tinner's trade at the latter place. He came to California in 1876, and spent nearly two years in Sacra- mento before settling in Los Angeles. His first venture in business (m his own account was as a member of tlie present firm. His consort, to whom he was married in Los Angeles, wa.s formerly Miss Merrill, a native of MassacI but reared from girlhood in California. fC. CARRELL, one of the enterprising and ^ self-made men of Los Angele.s County, is ®^ very pleasantly located on a far(n two and a half miles northeast of Compton. He was born in Pope County, Arkansas, in 1851, and is the son of Charles and Lusanna (Ashmore) Car- rell, natives of Tennessee. They both died when Frank was about three years of age, and he was thus thrown on his own resources early in life. Being a boy of more than ordinary push and energy, he was not to be discouraged. When quite young he went to Texas and farmed on shares for six years. Then he came to Califor- nia and worked for wages, receiving $1 per day. He soon saved enough to buy a team of horses, and in 1882 he purchased thirty acres of as fine land as there is in this county. In one year he had it all clear of debt, and he has erected on it a large barn and a commodious residence. In 1879 Mr. Carrell was united in marriage with Miss Rosa McCarty. This lady was born in Madison County, Illinois, and is the daughter of Cornelius and Annie Elizabeth (Suman) Mc- Carty. They have two interesting children: Annie Myrtle, born January 15, 1883; and Rob- ert Franklin, born February 2, 1889. They lost two children, the first and tliir.l: Loyd Leon '"•••'. .Inly 21, ISSl, di,,l Dcceinimr 80, ISSI- and Rena Etta, born March 17, 1886, died De- cember 21, 1887. Both Mr. and Mr.s. Carrell are active members of the Christian Church, and politically he affiliates with the Democratic J)arty. Mr. Carrell is a worthy citizen, and a man who enjoys the coulidonce and respect of his neighI)ors. fAMES CASTRUCK), the senior partner and managing meml)er of the firm of Cas- trucio Brothers, proprietors of the Mari- posa Store, at No. 30 North Main street, is a native of Italy, where he \vas reared and edu- cated. He immigrated to America in 1876, then a young man twenty-four years of age, and' having served as a soldier in the Italian army before coming over. Upon arriving in' this country he located in Los Angeles, and the same year became connected with the grocery business, of which he has ha 1 active control for the past twelve years, and which has enjoyed a continuous career of prosperity under his con- servative and efficient management. The store, which is a large double room, with a rear alley communication for receiving and delivering goods, is stocked with a complete assortment o"f standard groceries and provisions, also wines, liquors and miscellaneous articles for household use. The house was established in 1868, and hence is one of the oldest in Los Angeles; and the policy of its management has been .so straightforward and honorable that it has cus- tomers who have dealt with the firm for fifteen years. It has a large patronage amono- the Spanish-speaking people of the°city aiuf sur- rounding country, as also ma.iy American ranch- ers, and enjoys a large restaurant and hotel trade, the average volume of business being $10,000 a month. The members of the firm own the brick building in which the store is situated. James Castrucio is a student as well as a busi- ness man, and has studied and mastered the English, French .•ind Spanish languages .hiring his rcsidcn.v.; in Los Angoles. Me marrie.l an HISrORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. Italian'lady in this city in ^November, 1882. He owns sevei'al pieces of city property and a ranch eight miles distant. This ranch is under a high state of cultivation, and on it is situated one of the finest artesian wells in this part of the State. fEOKGE CUMMINGS.^It is a piece of rare good fortune that falls to the lot of a man who is .permitted to pass more than a third of a century in this sunny ever-green laud of Southern California, where existence is an ever-conscious pleasure. Of the few now living who liave been thus highly favored, the gentle- man whose name heads this sketch is one. Born in tlie Empire of x\ustria, Mr. Cnmmings wan- dered fi'om the shelter of the parental roof-tree when a lad of thirteen in search of an elder brother who had gone from home several years before. After traveling with a fellow-country- man some time in Europe without finding the object of his search, young Cummings took passage on an American schooner for the United States. The Captain having taken a great fancy to the wandering boy, proved to be a true and valued friend; for he not only brought him across the Atlantic on his vessel, but around to San Francisco, and made him a present of $100 to defray his expenses in reaching the gold mines, to w-hich the adventurous youngster was bound. Landing in San Francisco in the summer of 1849, he soon after proceeded to the mines, and with a companion whose acquaintance he had formed, commenced to search for gold. The greed and excitement for the yellow dust were at white heat, and fortunes were being washed out of the rich placer deposits in a day. Young Cummings and his chum were destined for some share of " good luck." While mining in the fall of 1848, in Tuolumne County, they took out $1,900 in five days. And so wild were they with the idea of growing suddenly rich, that they left this mine for reputed better " paying dirt" in Mariposa County, but were doomed to disapjiointment on reaching that fabled prom- ised land. Eealizing from experience the enormous prices paid for provisions — having on one occasion paid $600 in gold dust for 200 pounds each of flour, beans and rice — they de- cided in the spring of 1850 to try farming. And, erecting a rude hut on the Merced River, — which was afterward burned and many of their valuables (including some gold dust) de- stroyed with it, — they planted quite a large acreage to potatoes, melons and other vegeta- bles, and produced a fine crop. Their potatoes sold in the field for $75 per 100 pounds, and the melons brought $8 to $10 each. The agricult- ural experiment proved very profitable; and in spite of the fact that the young farmers were attacked with malaria and reduced nearly to skeletons with the ague, they farmed three years and made money rajjidly. In 1853 they turned their attention to stock-raising, and Mr. Cum- mings continued in that business on the Merced Hiver five years. In 1858 he bought the Te- hachepe Eanch, — then in Los Angeles County, now in Kern, — comprising 3,300 acres, which he still owns, and engaged in raising and dealing in cattle and horses. Being a great lover of domestic aninials he has continued in the busi- ness to some extent ever since. He subse- quently bought a 160-acre ranch at iMpine Sta- tion, which he also still owns. Mr. Cummings purchased a tract of some forty acres, iTicluding his present homestead, on Boyle Heights, and erected there a fine residence about fourteen years ago. He has expended a large sum of money in improvements and in experimenting in fruit- growing, having had at one time 2,000 orange trees and over 1,500 deciduous fruit trees on the place. The homestead embraces thirteen acres. A portion of the property, consisting of thirty-five acres lying on the opposite side of Aliso street, he has .subdivided into lots, and has sold off about ten acres of it. The lots are valued at $1,000 each. In 1869 Mr. Cummings and Miss Lopez were married. She is the daughter, and one of four living children, of Francisco Lopez, and was born within a few- rods of her present home. Mr. Lopez is also a mSTORT OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. settled on th part of this century. native of California, having been born sixty-nine jears ago in San Diego, where his parents had arrival from Europe in the early Ilis wife, whom he mar- ried when he was nineteen years of age, was born in Lower California. Soon after their marriage they settled on what was then called tiie Mount Pleasant tract, now that part of Boyle Heights lying south of First street and west of Boyle avenue, and there, nearly fifty 3'ears ago, he planted one of the first orchards and vineyards started in this part of the Stale. The two comprised about thirty acres, and the last of the trees and vines were removed only two or three years ago. Mr. Lopez now lives in Kern County, his wife having died about fifteen years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Cummings have a family of seven children, five sons and two daughters. The eldest, Frank, is eighteen years of age, and graduated from Santa^'ciara College in June, being one of the youngest to graduate in that institution. He has ranked very high throughout his college course, and his fond parents have numerous cards from his instructors complimenting his scholarship and deportment. Albert, the second son, is sixteen years old, and is attending Los Angeles College. The otlier children range from infancy to four- teen years. Mrs. Cummings is a lady of culture and refinement, and presides over her pleasant grace and dignity. home with becomina )SEPH A. DELUDE.-The subject of this sketch is one of the pioneers in the estab- lishment of business enterprises in the vil- lage ot Arcadia, on the Santa Fe Eailroad, about sixteen miles east of Los Angeles. In Decem- ber, 1887, Mr. Delude opened the Bonita Hotel at that place, having for several weeks previous to that date " kept hotel" in a large tent. In his first venture he was associated with Alexan- der J. Cameron, now of Savannah, who later sold out to Mr. Delude, and still biter Mr. De- lude sold a one-half interest to Frank I. Smith. At this writing (1889) the Bonita Hotel is the only house of entertainment opened to the pub- lic in Arcadia. Mr. Delude is a native of Sher- brooke, Canada East, dating his birth in 1857. His parents were Francis and Odile (Martin) Delude, both natives of Canada. The subject of this sketch spent the first twenty years of his life in his native place, where he received the benefits of a good common-school education, and was reared to the practical life of a marketman. In 1875 he determined to seek his fortune in the United States. He accordingly came to Boston, Massachusetts, where he obtained em- ployment in a hotel. He soon became proficient in his business and spent many years as a stew- ard in some of the most prominent hotels in New England, among which was the Crawford House, White Mountains, and also in leading hotels in New York, New Jersey and Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1886 became to Los Angeles County, and located at Pasadena, where he was employed in the Raymond Hotel, until he took up his present residence. Mr. Delude is a progressive and enterprising citizen. Politically, he is a Democrat. He is a member of Pasadena Lodge, No. 324, I. O. O. F. Mr. Delude is interested in other real estate in the county and in Arcadia, besides his hotel property. '^■^^-^ fYRUS D. CURTIS, farmer at Lanianda Park, was born in Dexter, Maine, February •i, 1827, one of sixteen children. During his boyhood he worked upon the farm in the summer seasons for $8 a month, which was then considered high wages, and in winter he attended school. He was a great worker. At the acre of seventeen years he went to Boston, Massachu- setts, and was employed in Faneuil Hall Market ten years. Next, for twenty years, he was en- gaged in the wholesale trade in fresh meats at Brighton, in partnership, under the firm name of Curtis & Boynton. Theirs was the largest pack- ing house in Massachusetts, doing a business of over $2,000,000 a year. In the great Boston fire U I STORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. of November, 1872, the lirm lost over $250,000, wliich embiirrassed them beyond recovei-y. Ill 1877 Mr. Curtis came to California, land- ing in Los Angeles with only $32; but as lie possessed health and strength, and the evi- dences of an upright and successful business man, he purchased a pair of mules on credit, and went to work, on rented laud. Prospering, he bought tifty-nine acres of land near Sierra Madre Villa, but in 1888 he sold this property for $45,000, receiving $10,000 cash in liand; but he afterward had to take the land back, and he now occupies it. This year he has sowed 150 acres of barley, doing all the work himself. He is a very strong and energetic man. It has been said that probably there are not as many as three men in all the county as stout and agile as he. lie is temperate in all his habits, and a teetotaler with regard to tobacco and intoxicating liquors. His appearance indicates that he may live to be a centenarian, enjoying health even at the age of 100 years. He is now sixty-two. Mrs. Curtis, nee. Maria C. Shepherd, a native of New Hamp- shire, is a very amiable and hospitable lady and an excellent housekeeper. Both Mr. and Mrs. Curtis are social, warm-hearted New England people. They have one child, a daughter. fAMES CLEMINSON, of El Monte, is a rep- resentative of one of the pioneer American families of San Gabriel Valley. He dates his birth at Independence, Missouri, August 7, 1833, son of John and Lydia (Lightner) Clem- inson. John Cleminson was born in England, December 29, 1798. During the war of 1812, he came to the United States, via St. Johns, New Brunswick, with his father, James Clem- inson (whose wife had died in England). After a residence of some time in Virginia, the family made their home in Louisville, Kentucky. Upon reaching manhood, John Cleminson, the father of the subject of this sketch, went to Lexington, Missouri, then a wilderness. There, December 28, 1822, he wedded Miss Lightner, who was of Dutch descent, born at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, July 11, 1800. Mr. Cleminson worked at his trade, cabinet and carpenter work, many years at Lexington, moving from thei'e to Independ- ence and later to Illinois, where with his family he lived first at Galena and later in Carroll County. September 15, 1850, with his wife and four of their six children, he started, via the overland Santa Fe trail, for Southern California, with two teams of oxen and cows together for transports. The children who came with their parents were: James, whose name heads this sketch; John, Lydia and Diantha. (Laura, wife of G. W. Durfee, and Mary M., wife of E. T. Mills, came a few years later). The journey of the Cleminsons was a long and tedious one. The first winter was spent at or near Harrisonville, Missouri, the next at Tucson, Arizona. At one time, losing nearly all their stock, one wagon was hauled by hand sixty miles and sold at Santa Cruz, Arizona. After trials and troubles, which we have not the space to relate, the family reached this sunny land, James arriving at San Diego in time to participate in celebrating the national birthday, July 4, 1852, and the family a few days later. At San Diego the first Amer- ican wedding ever solemnized was the marriage of Lydia Cleminson with S. S. Reeves. This occurred April 15, 1853. After a short resi- dence at San Diego the family made their home in San Bernardino County, and in 1858 upon a ranch near El Monte. The mother died Au- gust 11, 1873, and the father, November 28, 1879. He was a man well known in Los Angeles County and respected by all. James Cleminson married, in San Bernardino County, Mrs. Caro- line Beck, widow of Thomas Beck. She was a lady of English birth. Two children were born of this union, James D. and Willis S. The former has his home in San Bernardino, and the latter died January 10, 1882, aged four years and three months. Their mother departed this life March 27, 1880, aged thirty-six years. From her first marriage one son, Charles Edward, is living. The present wife of Mr. Cleminson, formerly Miss Emma Crist, he wedded October HISTOBT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 11, 1885. Slie was born in the State of Iowa, daiiglitei- of Levi Crist, now a resident of Wash- ington Territory. Her child, Hugh Delbert Cleminson, was born November 18, 1886. Mr. Cleminson is the owner of fifty acres of land at El Monte, and also a tract of ten acres near Azusa. rolitically, he is identified with the Kepnblican party. lie is a member of the ancient order of Free Masons. John Cleminson, the youngest of the Cleminson family, owns and resides upon thirty acres adjoining his bi-other James. fF. CULY Ell, one of the pioneers of Califor- nia and now a retired farmer in Corapton, ® was born in Poultney, Rutland County, Vermont, in 1821,_his parents being Isaac C. and Mariah (Mead) Culver. The mother was a na- tive of Vermont and was a descendant of the celebrated Colonel Ethan Allen. Isaac C. Cul- ver was also a native of Vermont, and in 1841 settled in Niagara County, New York, where he lived till his death, which occurred in 1884. His wife had preceded him to the grave, having died in 1881, both past eighty years of age. They had a family of nine children, seven of whom are still living, the subject of this sketch being the oldest;^ He received the ordinary com- mon-school education, and also attended the sem- inary at West Poultney, Vermont, six months. In 1849 he, in partnership with others, bought a ship, the Edward Everett. This they loaded at Boston, Massachusetts, with syrup, flour, lum- ber, brick and merchandise, and started for San Francisco via Cajje Horn. They landed in the city of the Golden Gate, July 6, 1849. This company built the first steamer that ever plied the waters of the Sacramento River. They sub- sequently dissolved partnership and engaged in mining. Mr. Culver followed teaming for a while, and also kept a hotel at Linden Corner, in San Joaquin County. February 14, 1852, he i-oturned to his old home in New York. While in the East ilr. Culver was united in marriage with Miss Henrietta liavmond, of Niagara County, New York. Her father was Caleb Ray- mond, who was the proprietor of the Frontier House at Lewiston, on the Niagara River. Soon after his marriage Mr. Culver started with his bride, to California, June 5, 1852; arrived in San Francisco, July 12, 1852. He came to Lin- den and was proprietor of the hotel for several years and also farmed 480 acres of land. In 1865 he sold out his interests at Linden and moved to Copperopolis, Calaveras County, and again engaged in the hotel business. This, how- evei-, proved unprofitable, owing to the unfruit- fulness of mining interests, and he returned to Linden, where he farmed land on the shares for some seven years. In 1875 he moved to Los Angeles County, and purchased eighty acres of land, which is now in the corporate limits of the city of Compton. Here he has since lived and expects to spend the residue of his days. Mr. and Mrs. Culver have three sons and two daugh- ters: Frank F., Frederick M., AVillard, Ella, wife of T. F. Ross; and Mary, wife of Benton Flood. >^fe-l-e^ fRANK I. SMLTII.—The above geii fB tleman is one of the proprietors of the *^ Bonita Hotel, of Arcadia, and is closely identified with the growth' and prosperity of that village. Mr. Smith is a native of Nova Scotia and was born in 1856. His father, John Smith, was also a native of that province, but was of Scotch descent. His mother, nee Sarah Smith, was also a native of Nova Scotia. Mr. Smith spent his early life in securing such an education as the common schools afforded, and in 1870, at the age of fourteen years, started in life on his own account. In that year he came to the United States and located in Boston, Massachusetts, and engaged in work at the markets. The next sixteen years of his life were spent in that city, mostly in occupations connected with the n)arket business. In 1886 he came to California and located in Los An- geles County, at Pasailena. Soon after his ar- rival he obtained eni|iloyment in the Kaymontl HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Hotel where he remained until about six months before he came to Arcadia, in November, 1887, and became connected with the Bonito Hotel, as one of the proprietors. Mr. Smith is a strong believer in the future growtii and pros- perity of his ciiosen section, and is one of those enterprising citizens that are always willing to aid in such projects as will promote the welfare of the community in which they reside. In political matters he is a Democrat, and takes an intelligent interest in the policy of his party. In 1884 Mr. Smith was nnited in marriage with Miss Laura C. Cameron, a native of Nova Scotia. From this marriage there is one child, Sherman W. It is worthy of note that this is the lirst white male child born in Arcadia. -'^-^^^^ |UN YGNACIO DEL VALLE, long a prominent and useful citizen of Los An- was a native of Jalisco, Mexico. He was born July 1, in the year 1808, and was the son of Lieutenant Antonio del Valle, a soldier under the King of Spain. He came to California with Echandia in 1825. In 1841 he settled on the San Francisco Rancho in this county, which had been granted to his father. Don Ygnacioand Don .1. A. Aguirre received a concession in 1843 of the rancho of Tejon, twenty-two Spanish leagues, but which now belongs to General E. F. Beale, of Washington, D. C. In 1846 Don Tgnacio was treasurer of the civil government of Cali- fornia; in 1850 he was alcalde of Los Angeles; and later was a member of the city council and also of the State Legislature. He was a man of culture and intelligence and of much in- fluence in the community. His city residence formanyyearsanduntill861 wason theeast side of the Plaza. At the time of his death, in 1880, his home was on the beautiful Cannilos Rancho, on the Santa Clara River, in the northwestern part of Los Angeles County, where his widow and her family still reside. It was here that Mrs. Jackson located some of the most poetic and njmantic scenes of the story of "Ramona." Don Ygnacio possessed the most unbounded confidence of the community in whicli he lived, both under the Spanish and American regimes, as is evidenced by his being entrusted with the responsibilities of ofl:ce, either military or civil, during the greater part of his mature life. He was a Lieutenant from 1828 till 1840, and served on the staff of botli Governors Echeandia and Figueroa. In 1834 he was appointed by the latter to serve as commissioner in the secular- ization of the missions. He carried out the provisions of the law in the cases of the missions of Santa Cruz and of Dolores. Later he held other important official positions, as noted above, always performing his duties faithfully and honorably. Don Ygnacio was twice married. There were no children by the first marriage. His second wife, whom he married in 1851, and who still survives him, was Dona Ysabel, daugh- ter of Don Servol Varela, and granddaughter of Don Antonio Ygnacio Abila. Six children were the result of this union, all of whom are still living, including ex-Senator Reginaldo F. del Yalle, the wife of Juan Forster, Jr., etc. The memory of good Ygnacio del Yalle is pleasant to many citizens still living, outside of his own family. This warm, kindly feeling with which he is remembered yet by all those who were ac- quainted with him personally, is voiced in the following closing lines of a notice of his death, written by one who knew him well, Judge Y. Sepiilveda, and which appeared in one of our daily journals: "There is much in his life. to engage our afi"ections and respect. Few men have impressed upon the memory of their friends a livelier sense of excellence and unsul- lied virtue. In the private and domestic circle he was greatly beloved. He was confiding and affectionate. He possessed an enlightened be- nevolence and a warm sensibility, always eager to advance those who were within the sphere of his influence. He was a man of the most in- flexible honor and integrity, a devout lover of truth, conscientiously scrupulous in the dis- charge of his duties. The voice of censure rarely escaped from his lips. Ho iiaeaumont was largely due to Mr. Egan, he having erected the first house and store ever built at that place. His ventures were successful, and he secured a competency by liis industry and sound business qualities. In 1887 he returned to the county of his choice and began residence in Pomona. He purchased fifteen acres of land at the corner of Fifth and Monrovia avenues, upon which he has erected one of the finest residences in Po- mona, at the same time improving his place by the planting of citrus and deciduous fruit-trees. He also established iiiniself in business as an insurance agent for some of the most reliable companies in the country. Mr. Egan has still large interests in San Bernardino County, but above all other places for a residence lie prefers the beautiful Pomona Valley, among a com- munity where he is well known and respected and has a large circle of friends. In politics he is a conservative Democrat, allied with the best elements of his party. He is a charter member and was the first secretary of Pomona Lodge, No. 246, I. O. O. F. ; also a charter member of Porno, a Lodge, No. 246, F. & A. M. In 1875 Mr. Egan married Miss , Laura Dunlap, the daughter of John and Mary (Houston) Diinlap. Mrs. Egan is a native of California, her parents being among the early settlers of the State. They have three children: Ida Grace, George Clifford and Leila Rae. fREDRICK EATON, City Engineer of Los Angeles, one of the most competent civil if engineers on the Pacific Coast, is a worthy representative of California's native sons. He was born in 1856 in the city he is now officially serving, and with whose future sanitary history his name will be prominently interwoven. His parents, Benjamin S. and Helen (Hayes) Eaton, were pioneers of 1850 in Los Angeles County, of which his father — a lawyer by profession — was one of the first district attorneys. He was also one of the founders of the Pasadena Colony, and president of it for several years. Haying a taste for horticulture, he, many years ago, planted a vineyard on what is now the J. F. Crank place, above Pasadena, and was the first to dem- onstrate the success of vine culture in Southern California without artificial irrigation; and his experiment was of great value to this portion of the State. He is now retired and resides in Pasadena. Fredrick Eaton never attended school but little, preferring to shape his educational course himself and pursue in private such studies as w^ere congenial to his taste, and would best fit him to achieve success in the vocation of his choice. At fifteen years of age he started HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTT. to acquire a practical knowledge of engineering with the Los Angeles City Water Company, and so diligently did he apply himself to study and so rapidly did he advance, that at twenty he was snperintetiding engineer for the company, and tilled that position for about nine years. In 1886 he was elected city engineer and served two years. During this term of otHce he con- ceived and designed the great sewer system for the city of Los Angeles, which has since been adopted, after the most careful examination by and unqualiiied approval of the most distin- guished sanitary engineers of America, among them Prof. Rudolph Herring, Consulting Sani- tary Engineer of New York City, and who was appointed and sent by the United States Gov- ernment to study and report upon the sewage sys- tem of the great cities of Europe. He came to Los Angeles County, by engagement of the city council, to examine Engineer Eaton's proposed sewage system, for the city, and after doing so heartily endorsed it as one of the most perfect in this country. The system contemplates the construction of 200 miles of sewers, including an outlet to the ocean and a plan to use the sewage for irrigating purposes on a sewage farm, and involves in its completion about $2,500,- 000. It will be what is denominated a separate and combined system, designed to take care of the house waste only on the lower levels. The storm water will be combined with the house waste in the elevated portions of the city, and intercepted by large storm sewers leading to the Los Angeles Eiver. At the city election held in January, 1880, Mr. Eaton was again elected city engineer by a handsome majority, thus giving liira another term of two years in which to inaugurate and get well under way the great work which is of such incalculable importance to tlie 80,000 inhabitants of this growing city of Los Angeles, and the completion of which will be the most notable epoch in the history of California's southern metropolis. Mr. Eaton's parents are natives of the Atlantic States — his father of Connecticut and his mother of Maryland. The subject of this sketch was married before his twentieth birthday to Miss Burdick, of Los Angeles. She and her mother are the owners of the New Burdick Block, on the corner of Spring and Second streets, for which Mr. Eaton dictated the design, and which, when finished, will cost $140,000, and will be, from an archi- tectural standpoint, the finest business block in the city. — ^4M^^^^^~ tEV. RICHARD C. FRYER, deceased, was one of the pioneers of Los Angeles County, who for more than thirty-five years was connected with its history and development. The brief facts gathered in regard to his life are of interest. Mr. Fryer was a native of Dal- las County, Alabama, dating iiis birth January 31, 1821. He was reared in that State until about eighteen years of age, when he went to Arkansas and located in Conway County, where he engaged in farming and stock-raising. In 1839 he married Miss Caroline Veazey, daugh- ter of Deacon John Veazey, a native of Alabama. He continued his residence and occupation in Arkansas until 1852, and then came overland to California. Entering the State by the south- ern route, he came to Los Angeles County and located at El Monte. Upon his arrival he pur- chased land and resumed farming. For many years Mr. Fryer had been a devoted and earnest Christian, and had made theology a study, and in 1854, believing himself called upon to enter into the active service of his Lord and Master, he was ordained as a minister in the Baptist Church. He was the first minister ever or- dained in that church in Southern California. Immediately after his ordination he commenced his work in the missionary fields of Southern California, preaching the gospel in Los Angeles, San Diego, Santa Ana and other places. He was an earnest advocate of his religion, and the work he did in supporting the early churches and schools is well remembered and will ever remain a part of the history of the county. In 18P)7 Mr. Fryer purchased 250 acres of land HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. from Louis Phillips, a portion of the San Jose Eanch, located at Spadra, and upon this took up his residence. There he spent nearly twenty years of his life, cultivating and improving his lands, while earnestly engaged in his ministerial labors, ever taking the deepest interest in the welfare and prosperity of the community in which he resided. In political matters he was a consistent Democrat, was always to be found allied with the best elements of his party, and ex- erting his influence for what he considered to be for its best interests. He was besought to accept positions of trust and honor in the service of the people, and in 1870 was elected a member of the Assembly from his district. In the early history of the county he was also a member of the board of supervisors; and during the early part of his residence in Spadra he was one of the most active and prominent school trustees. In 1879 Mrs. Fryer died. She had been his faithful wife, companion, and sharer of his labors for forty years. She was the mother of eleven children, nine of whom are at this writing (1889) living, viz. : John W., James W., Jeremiah, Little- ton M., Henry, Frances, Louise, Dixie and Mary. Mr. Fryer afterward married Mrs. Martha J. Maston, and in 1887 moved to Los Angeles, where he resided until his death, which occurred December 7, 1888. He was one of the most respected and honored citizens of the county, where tlie greater portion of his life was spent, an honest, upright man, ever seeking the right path through life. His consistent course of life gained him a large circle of friends, who remem- ber his many virtues and sincerely mourn his death. fF. FOSMIKE, President of the Fosmire Iron Works, Los Angeles, is a native of ® New York, On reaching manhood he was engaged in business in Michigan for many years, and in 1882 came to the Pacific Coast, locating in Los Angeles. Here, on Spring street, in 1886, he established his present business, as a member of the firm of Bath & B'osmire. Re- quiring more room for their increasing business, they removed to their present location. In February, 1889, the present company was or- ganized. The shop covers a quarter of a block, having 220 feet frontage and being 120 feet deep, and is very commodious. The compan}' employ thirty to forty hands, and are fully equipped for doing all kinds of work in their line. Mr. Fosmire is a man of large experience as an iron manufacturer, and gives his personal attention to the management of the works. He married Miss Mary J. Webster, a native of New York, and they have two sons, Stephen and Will. fAMES M. FRYER was born in Conway County, Arkansas, June 25, 1847. His father, the Rev. Richard C. Fryer (a sketch of whom appears in this volume), emigrated to California in 1852 and took up his residence at El Monte. There the subject of this sketch re- ceived his education and was taught the practi- cal details of agricullural occupations upon his father's farm. In 1867 he accompanied his father to Spadra, where, with the exception of trading and dealing in stock, he has devoted himself to agricultural and horticultural pur- suits. He is now (in 1889) the owner of eighty acres of rich and productive bottom land, located at Spadra. This land he is devoting to general farming and stock-raising. A tine vineyard of eight acres is producing wine grapes of the Zin- fandel and Muscat varieties. A family orchard, in which he has a large variety of citrus and deciduous fruits, is one of the noticable features of his farm. The remainder of his land is de- voted to alfalfa, grain and stock. Among the latter mention is made of his fine specimens of Belmont horses, Jersey cattle and Poland Magay hogs. A neat cottage residence, sub- stantial barns, etc., are the results of his labor, and show the prosperous farmer. He is energetic and industrious, and is well known and respected throughout the community in which he resides. HrsTOHY OF LOS ANGELES COUNT i'. having been identified with the growth and prosperity of tliat section for the past twenty years. A strong supporter of churches and scliools, he is a member and trustee of the Bap- tist Church, and lias for the past ten or twelve years been an efHcient trustee of his bchool dis- trict. He lias also seived his township as a justice of the peace. In March, 1888, he was appointed postmaster at Spadra, which position he still holds. In politics he is a consistent Democrat, taking a great interest in the success of his party. He has served as a delegate in many of the county conventions, and is a mem- ber of the Democratic county committee. No- vember 20, 1870, Mr. Fryer married Miss Belle Arnett, the daughter of Robert S. Arnett, a resident of Spadra, and whose history appears in this book. They have three children: Roy, Bertha and Norman. SRUHLING BROTHERS, proprietors of the Artistic Wrought Iron Works, 118 and 120 South Los Angeles street, Los An- geles. Among the most prominent manufact- uring establishments in Southern California, and leading in their line in the State, is the firm of Fruhling Brothers, of Los Angeles, estab- lished in May, 1886. Their factory is equipped throughout with a complete plant, including the most modern mpro ved macl: inery id all appliances for doing the highest standard of work on a large scale, employment being given to a force of from ten to twenty hands. In De- cember, 1887, their factory was entirely de- stroyed by fire, entailing a large lobs. They immediately rebuilt of brick, on a larger and more substantial scale, increasing largely the capacity of their shops. They make a specialty of manufacturing wrought-iron cresting rail- ing, tower ornaments, ornamental iron work of all kinds, iron doors, shutters, tire escapes, win- ilow guards, grates, awning braces, etc., etc. They have done some of the largest and finest jobs in their line in the city, including the tine ornamental iron work on the mansion of Judge Silent, and all the ornamental work on the Woman's Christian Temperance Union Build- ing,' corner of Fort and Temple streets; also the stair railing for the City Hall, and the Ab- stract Title Building, and other large impor- tant contracts. The skill and ability of this enterprising firm is shown on many of the finest buildings and residences in the city. W. A. Fruhling, the senior member of the firm, is a native .of California, and was born in San Fran- cisco, October 15, 1858. His parents, William and Bertha Fruhling, were among the early pioneers in California. He attended school in Santa Clara County, and completed his educa- tion at the University in San Jose, and learned his trade in his father's shops in the same ])lace. In May, 1886, he came to Los Angeles, and with his brother established their present busi- ness, and their success is owing to their practi- cal ability, energy and enterprise. A. G. Fruhl- ing, the junior member of the firm, is a brother of the preceding, and was born in San Fran- cisco, April 6, 1865. After attending the com- mon schools during his bo^'hood, he entered the High School at San Jose. For two years prior to his going to Los Angeles he was engaged in the real estate and insurance business; but de- cided to go with his brother to establish their pres- ent prosperous business, as already described. fAMUEL C. FOY was born in the city of Washington, D. C, September 23, 1830. His father was John Foy, and his mother's maiden name was Calvert, she being connected with the families of Virginia and Maryland of that name. His father, who was a native of Ireland, and who was a civil engineer, having made the acquaintance of Henry Clay in Ken- tucky, obtained, through the influence of that great statesman, employment in the city of Washington. He laid out the Botanical Gar- dens, and other public grounds, holding his po- sition as an employe of the Government till his UISTOltY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY death in 1833, wlien the subject of this sketch was tliree years old, soon after which tlie family returned to Kentucky. Samuel remained here and in Cincinnati and Natchez till June, 1852, when he started for California V)y way of New Orleans and the Isthmus. After his arrival in San Francisco he went to the mines on Feather River, but did not remain there long. Return- ing to Sacramento, he went in tlie fall to the Calaveras mines. In January, 1854, he came to Los Angeles, which he found to be mostly a Spanish or Mexican town of 2,000 or 3,000 in- habitants. He at once decided to locate here. As has happened with thousands of others, be- fore and since, he liked the place as soon as he saw it. He immediately ordered goods from San Fi-ancisco, and commenced business in the one-story adobe, — nearly every house here then was of that character, — on the site of the present Savings Bank, adjoining the Farmers and Mer- chants' Bank, on Main street. The same year liis Ijruther John, now of San Bernardino, came here and went into business with him. In May, 1S56, he went up the country with cattle; he I'emained alternately there and here till 1865, still retaining his connection with the business he had e.-tablished liere, which he lias kept up till tlie present time. Thus it is that he has been continuously engaged in business in Los Angeles longer than any other business man or firm. In 1860 Mr. Foy married Miss Lucinda Macey, daughter of Dr. Obed Macey. Dr. Macey arrived here in January, 1851, having crossed the plains with his family by ox-team, the jour- ney occupying nearly nine months. In 1853 Dr. Macey bought the Bella Union, then the principal hotel in Los Angeles, the site of which is now occupied by the St. Charles. Mr. and Mrs. Foy liave seven children living, six daughters and one son. Mr. Foy has been an active Mason, having been Master of Los An- geles Lodge, No. 42, and High Priest of Los Angeles Chapter, No. 33, Royal Arch Masons, several years. Mr. Foy's eldest brother, Colonel James C. Foy, came to California in 1850, but returned to Covington, Kentucky, in 1854. In 1861 he raised Company A, Twenty-third Regi- ment, Kentucky Volunteers, and served his country until July 9, 1864. He was then in General Sherman's army, and was on the north bank of the Chattahoochee River,when a bursting shell, fired by the rebels, gave him a fatal wound. He was at the time in command as Colonel of his regiment. Mr. Foy's other brother, Jolin M., for many years a citizen of Los Angeles, is now a resident of San Bernardino. ILLIAM FERGUSON was born in Washington County, Arkansas, January 20, 1831. His father, who was a native was of Scotch descent. When in his eighteenth year, William came across thte plains, arriving at Mud Springs, August 10, 1850. After working in the mines awhile, he went to Sacramento and then to Nevada City, where there were very rich mines; and from there to Auburn, where he remained till Febru- ary, 1851. He then went up the Sacramento River to Shasta, and over to Weaverville, and with others undertook the damming of the Trinity River. This work, which was done by the Arkansas Dam and Flume Company, proved a failure, and Mr. Ferguson, atter taking a trip over to Humboldt Bay, came back and went to work at Oregon Gulch, where the diggings were rich, yielding $15 to $20 a day per man. He staid here about a year. After this he went to Sacramento Valley, to Red Bluffs, and engaged in packing from there to the mines. He fol- lowed this business for about a year. He then (1854) went to San Francisco and engaged in trading in stock at Suisun. Next year he went back to Trinity again, on CaSion Creek, where he took hold of both the butchering i.nd black- smithing business. In 1857 he sold out iiis business and went East. Returning next year, he gravitated back to Trinity again, as he had interests there, and remained tiiis time about three years, running a ranch, saw-mill, etc. In 1861 he went to Humboldt County, Nevada, HI STORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. where lie remained two or three years, mining, etc. He then went to Idaho and was gone about six months. Retuiniing in 1864 to San Fran- cisco, lie began trading in stock in Marin, So- noma, and other Bay counties, till 1868. That year he came to Los Angeles and took stock up country. In 1869 he returned, to remain per- manently. Mr. Ferguson has been a member of the city council two years. He is a man of good business capacity and ol' strict integrity, and is thoi'oughly respected by his neighbors. In the ups and downs of his checkered mining life he was several times "broke," as all good miners were in the early mining days. He has built himself a substantial and elegant home on the corner of Third and Spring streets. In 1871 he married Miss Austin, in Sonoma County. They have two children, a son and dauijliter. tOBERT JACKSON FLOYD was born June 13, 1820, at Union Court-Ilouse, Union District, South Carolina. He came across the plains to California in 1868. He farmed from 500 to 700 acres near San Gabriel, about nineteen years, raising grain, stock, etc. In 1854 he married Elizabeth A. Elam, in Palona, Mississippi. They have two children, a son and daughter. Mr. Floyd, who is now interested in mining in the San Gabriel Canon, is a resident of the city of Los Angeles. He is a man of the highest probity and is highly esteemed by all who know him. fAXIEL FREEMAN was born June 30, 1887, in Norfolk County, Canada. His ancestors on his father's side were English, and on his mother's side, Scotch-Irish. He spent his minority and received his educatii^n in his native county. After studying law he practiced his profession some years in Canada, at the same time owning a large ship-yard at Port Burwell, on Lake Erie. In 1866 lie mar- ried Miss Christie, who bore him three children, two sons and one daughter. Her health failing, from incipient consumption, he spent several ■ winters in the southern part of the United States with her; and in February, 1873, as they wei-e on their way from Macon to New Orleans to take the steamer for Jamaica, a newsboy laid a copy of Nordhoff's California on his seat. He bought it and read it, — presto! all their plans were clianged, and the ne.\t morning they were on their way to California. Arriving in San Francisco, Mr. Freeman traveled over California, examining localities and ranchos, from February till September, when he concluded to settle in Los Angeles County on the " Centinela Rancho." He rode over the rancho in April of that year (1873) with the owner. Sir Robert Burnett, now of Scotland, but then living on the ranch; and it presented a very beautiful appearance, with its wealth of grasses and bright flowers. But Sir Robert told Mr. Freeman that the land was useless for farming, because too dry; and he at the time was paying $30 a ton for hay; he held that the ranch was only valuable for grazing purposes. Mr. Freeman, after thorough ex- amination and comparison with the many other ranchos which he visited during the summer, finally decided that of them all the Centinela suited him best. Accordingly, in September, he moved down there and leased the ranch for live years, with the privilege of buying it within that time, for $6 per acre (the ranch contained 23,000 acres), or $150,000, which was thought by many at that time to be a high price. Mr. Freeman bought sheep with the ranch and con- tinued in the business of sheep farming till 1875-'76, which was a dry winter, when, having sent his sheep off to the mountains for feed, he lost 22,000 head. That season he put in 640 acres of barley as an experiment, and as a result he raised twenty-five bushels per acre, on a rain- fall of only four and one-half inches. He has been raising wheat and barley and other farm products ever since. In 1880 he raised 1,000,- 000 bushels of grain, and sent a ship-load of wheat to Liverpool, and another of barley to UISTOBY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. i^ew York. Mr. Freeman is a man of great business capacity, and of broad and enlightened generosity. He lias endowed the College of Applied Science of the University of Southern California witii 150 acres uf land near Ingle- wood, and has promised the institution $200,000 in money. Mrs. Freeman died in 1874. -■-^^g^^^-^- tW. FLORA, deceased, was born in Loraine County, Ohio, in 1831, his parents being " John and Alvira (Mellen) Flora, na- tives, respectively, of Pennsylvania and New York. The father was drowned when the sub- ject of this sketch was eight years old. His mother mari-ied again and moved to Illinois and subsequently to Wisconsin. From the latter State Mr. Flora came to California, in 1852, driving an ox team across the plains. He worked at mining from 1852 till 1873, alter whicli he purchased sixty-iive acres of land a quarter of a mile west of Rivera, where his widow still lives. On this farm may now be seen a fine orchard of 900 English walnuts, and oranges and lemons of choice variety and in abundant quantity. In 1866, after an experience of Iburteen years on the coast, Mr. Flora went back to Wisconsin and there married Mis-s Helen Kendall. This lady was born in Montgomery County, JS'ew York, and is the daughter of Amos and Elizabeth (Fuller) Kendall, natives of New York and Massachusetts respectively, and of English extraction. Amos Kendall is a wagon-maker by trade, and is now living in Minnesota, at the advanced age of ninety years. He was married three times; had four children by his second wife, of whom Mrs. Flora is the second. After his marriage in Wisconsin, in 1866, Mr. Flora brouglit Jiis bride to California by steamer, coming via the Nicaragua route, and landing in San Francisco, June 16, 1866. They have had two children: Elmer, who died in 1884, and Blanche E. Mr. Flora was an enterprising businessman until his death, which occurred in 1889. Mrs. Flora has since carried on the farm operations, and is doing a prosper- ous business on the old farm. tEV. J. S. FLORY, Postmaster at Tuhunga, California, was born in Rockingham County, Virginia, in 1836, and is a son of Abraham and Susanna (Stoner) Flory, whose p.irents were natives of Pennsylvania, and of German extraction. The father was engaged in mining in California from 1850 to 1856. Then he moved back to Iowa, where he died in 1874. The subject of this sketch is the third of a family of six children. He received a good common-school education, and taught school for three sessions in West Virginia. He and an older brother were early licensed to preach in the Dunkard Bretiiren Church. For a period of trtenty years he has been a bishop in the church. He now has charge of two congre- gations, one in Ventura County and one in Los Angeles Connty. In 1857 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Sangir, of Mt. Solon, Virginia. She is the daughter of Jacob and Annie (Miller) Sanger, whose parents were natives of Pennsyl- vania and of German origin. In 1861 Mr. Flory moved from West Virginia to Iowa, where he farmed and preaclied until 1866, when he went back to West Virginia. From there, in 1872, he moved to Colorado, remaining until 1884, when he came to California, and bought the beautiful place where he now lives, four miles east of San Fernando. This he has im- proved and beautified, and his place at the cafion is a most delightful spot, with its evergreen hedges and orchards of orange and other trees, and beautiful flowers. They have reared a family of nine children: William Howard, who is a graduate of Huntington College, Pennsyl- vania; Emma V., now Mrs. Madison Bashor; Mary A., now the wife of James Mason, a stock- dealer in Colorado; Maggie S., wife of James Boots; Sarah J., wife of Rev. J. Talley, of Col- orado ;ElizabetliH., wife of Frank Calvert; David P., Charles A. and Lottie E. Mr. Flory is not a ursTour of los angeles county. 469 political partisan; however, lie advocates the principles of the Temperance party. lie is recognized by all who know him as an lionest, uprijjht citizen, and a true Christian man. fllANCIS FERPJER, of Wilmington, is a native of Waterloo County, Ontario, Can- ^ ada, iiorii Angust 29, 1851. He attended school there during boyhood, and served an apprenticeship to the milling business with Elias Eby, in the Lancaster Mills at Bridgeport, Ontario. Upon reaching manhood he went to Minnesota, and was in the large flouring mills in Minneapolis one year. In 1872 he came to the Pacific Coast and located at Vallejo. lie began working in the mills of Starr & Co., the largest on the Pacific Coast, and among the finest, most complete and most extensive flouring mills in the world. He was connected with these mills over seventeen years, and during that time became a stockholder. In March, 1888, he came to Wilmington and associated with Mr. E. N. McDonald in the grain, storage, and milling business, operating the Winfred Mills. Mr. Ferrier's experience in the largest and best equipped mills in the country makes him familiar with every detail of the business. He was married November 20, 1888, to Miss Lizzie Doble, a native of San Francisco, and a daugh- ter of Abner Doble, an old and honored citizen of that eity. fEORGE E. FULLERTON, druggist, 303 North Main street, one of the leading pharmacists of the city, is a native of New York State, and is twenty-eight years of age. He began to learn the drug business in To- ronto, Canada, in early youth; and after com- pleting his course and receiving a diploma from the Dominion Government, he took a course in tlie Cincinnati School of Pharmacy, from which he also holds a diploma. His first experience in business on his own account was in Eaton, Ohio. From there he moved to Cincinnati, and le- maiiied in the Queen City until 1887, when he crossed the continent to the Pacific Coast and located in Los Angeles, his first place of busi- ness being at No. 16 North Main street. Early in 1888 he opened his present finely aj^pointed store, which is stocked with a complete general assortment of drugs, medicines and toilet goods. Mr. Fullerton being a thoroughly educated pharmacist, with fifteen years of active experi- ence, he enjoys a large prescription trade, of which he makes a specialty. Among proprie- tary articles which he compounds is a prepara- tion for the face and hands denominated Lactine Cream, which is a very popular lotion. His thriving business furnishes employment for two experienced men besides himself. Mr. Fuller- ton was married in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1885, to Miss McKrell, who was born in Kentucky, but reared in the Buckeye State. I.IAM W. FRAISHER.— Among the ■presentative citizens of the Glendora iHji^i district, in the Upper San Gabriel Val- ley, mention must be made of the subject of this sketch. He is the owner of a forty-acre tract of rich and productive land located just west and south of Glendora, and on the western boundary of Alosta. He purchased this land in 1884. It was then in its wild and unculti- vated state. Since then he has cleared the land of its rank growth of cactus and brush, and placed it all under cultivation. He has six acres of tine orchard, producing a variety of deciduous fruits, such as apricots, peaches, apples, French prunes, nectarines, etc., and also one acre of Navel and Mediterranean Sweet oranges, and is now preparing ten acres which he will devote to the finer grades of citrus fruits. He is also part owner of a forty-acre tract adjoining his land on the south, and has cliarge of the cultivation of the same. Upon that he has eighteen acres of vines, about (ifteen acres of which areproduc- IIISrOBY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ing wine grapes of the Blauelba, Black Malvoise and Mission varieties, the balance of his vine- yard being devoted to a choice variety of table and raisin grapes. The rest of his lands he is devoting to hay, grain and stock. Among the latter are some iine specimens of Jersey cattle and Norman horses. His lands are watered from the Azusa Water Development and Irri- gation Company's ditch. His building improve- ments are first-class in every respect, comprising a Mibstantial and well-ordered cottage residence, commodious barn and out-buildings. Water is piped throughout his buildings and grounds, from a tank that is supplied .from water forced from the irrigating company's ditch, by pumps that are opera ed by an undershot wheel which he has constructed and placed in the ditch, the flow of water in the ditch being suthcient to give him a strong power. Mr. Fraisher's place in- dicates the successful and enterprising farmer, and he is destined to rank among the leading horticulturists of the valley. The subject of this sketch was born in Greene County, Missouri, in 1843. He is the son of William and Rebecca (Myers) Fraisher. His father was born in Ten- nessee and was one of the early settlers of Greene County. His mother was a native of Vir- ginia. In 1845 his parents moved to Atchison County, Missouri, and there his father engaged in extensive agricultural pursuits and stock- raising, and also in mercantile pursuits. He was a man of wealth and sound business talents, well known throughout that section of Missouri and the adjoining counties in Nebraska. He was one of the founders and a director of the First National Bank of Brownsville, Nebraska. Mr. Fraisher was reared as a farmer, and given the advantages of a good schooling, after which • he was engaged with his father in mercantile pursuits and other enterprises. In 1881 his father moved to California and located near Covina, Los Angeles County, and there engaged in horticultural pursuits, until his death in 1887. Mr. Fraisher remained in Missouri, con- ducting his various enterprises, until 1883. He then came to Los Angeles County and located at Los Angeles and at San Gabriel for a year or more, and in 1884 took up his present residence, lie is an energetic and progressive citizen, well schooled in business as well as agricultural pur- suits, and a desirable acquisition to any com- munity. Taking a deep interest in schools and churches, he is a consistent member and trustee of the Christian Church, of Glendora. In politi- cal matters he is a supporter of the Democratic party. In the dark days of the war of the Re- bellion, he was a strong Union man and a mem- ber of the Union League in Missouri. In 1868 Mr. Fraisher wedded Miss Sue A. Hendrickson, a native of Indiana. She is the daughter of Elza and Mary E. Hendrickson, who are now residing in Los Angeles County. From this marriage there are three children: Robert L., Claude M. and Onel J., all of whom are resid- ing under the parental roof. fON JUAN FORSTER, the genial and hospitable owner of Santa Margarita Rancho, was for many years a prominent and striking figure in the history of Southern California. In the early pastoral times he was an ideal ranchero. His own sterling qualities, his patriarchal position at the head of an im- mense establishment, and his near relationship to General Andres and Governor Pio Pico, and the general respect and afl'ection in which he was held by both the native and the foreign popula- tion here, all combined to give him that char- acter. John Forster, Sr., was born in Liverpool, England, in 1814. He came to California when only nineteen years old, having first come to the west coast of Mexico (Guaymas) two years be- fore. After his arrival in California he made numerous trips down the coast in charge of a vessel (the Facio) belonging to his uncle, Don Santiago Johnson. In 1836 he decided to set- tle permanently in California. He was probably influenced in this decision by the attractions of Dona Ysadora Pico, sister of Don Pio and Don Andres Pico, whom he married the next year. ^^ai«i >^^7^^^^ 2^^.^ IIISTOBT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Conception (Arguello) Olversi. Judge Olvera was an attorney at law, and held many of the most important public places during the Mexican Government. Dona Conception Arguello comes from the old Castillian family of the Arguellos; her grandfather was Governor of the State. Mrs. Forbes was born and reared in Los Angeles, and educated in the Sisters' School there. Their union has been blessed with twelve children: Charles Duncan, Gnssie, James Humphry, Annie, Constance, Willie, John, Robert, Louis, Thomas, Louisa and Josephine. Charles, Gussie and Annie are n)arried; the others are at home and being educated by a private teacher. Mr. and Mrs. Forbes are both members of the Roman Catholic Church. ^-3-7^ ^ARCOS A. FORSTER, eldest son of John Forster, Sr., and Dona Ysadora Pico de Forster, was born in the city of Los Angeles, October 7, 1839. His birthplace was on the site of the old court-house, between Spring and Main streets. He received his edu- cation Tiiostly at a private school in San Juan Capistrano and at the Collegiate Institute, Be- nica. On attaining his majority he engaged in raising stock on Los Flores Rancho, near San Juan Capistrano. He married Dona Guadalupe, daughter of Don Juan Abila, of San Juan. Don Juan was the grantee of the Niguil Rancho of 22,000 acres. Mr. Forster's present home is at San Juan. lie has six children, four boys and two girls. — •^^^'^W^ — fAMES M. FEARS, of Pomona, was born December 18, 1818, near Nashville, Ten- nessee. His father, Edward W. Fears, was a native of that State. His mother, Sarah (Scott) Fears, was born in Alabama. While the subject of this sketch was an infant his parents emigrated to Illinois and settled near what is now the ])rosperous city of Springfield, the capi- tal of that State. In 1825 they moved to De Witt County, that State, and there engaged in farming and stock-growing. Mr. Fears was reared upon his father's farm, receiving only a limited education, such as was afforded by the pioneer pchools of that period. He also learned the trade of shoemaker. His father was a vetei'an of the war of 1812, and also of the Black Hawk war. He died in 1852, and in that year Mr. Fears, our subject, left the old home- stead and located at Des Moines, Iowa, where he remained until the spring of 1853. He then emigrated to Texas and located in Grayson County; was a resident of the town of Sherman during his stay in that count}', and in addition to his agricultural pursuits was engaged in trading. He also established a shoe shop and meat market while there. In 1858 he came overland to California, and took up his residence at Warner's Ranch, San Diego County, where he kept a hotel and conducted a farm until 1860. In that year he located at Yisalia, in Tulare County, and engaged in farming until 1862. He then spent a few months at Los An- geles, and in 1863 moved to Arizona. After spending two years in hotel life in that Terri- tory, he returned to California and located at Tejon Pass, San Bernardino County. There he purchased land and established a hotel, which he successfully conducted until 1874. Renting his hotel, he changed his residence to San Ber- nardino; in 1875 came to Pomona, where he purchased seven town lots on the corner of Garey avenue and Third street, and erected a house. He also, at a later date, purchased eighteen acres of land at the foot of Garey avenue. The same year he built a livery stable, the first one opened in town, uj)on the lot now occupied by the opera house. Mr. Fears has made Pomona his home since 1874, and is one of its respected and esteemed citizens. He is a consistent member of the Universalist church, and a charter mem- ber of Pomona Lodge, No. 246, I. O. O. F. In politics he is Democratic, but is liberal in his ithies. In 183S Mr. Fears married Miss syi Naomie Ilarrold, ,-as l.)orn in Grayson HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNT T. Comity, Virginia. Her parents, Jonatlian and llebecca (East) Ilarrold, were also natives of that State. They have two children living: Sarah J., who married Joseph Clark, now living in New Mexico; and Eebecca Ann, who married Richard Bennett, and after his death married Jeremiah Vincent. They are now living in Tejon Pass, San Bernardino County. fUAN F. FOESTEK is the fourth son of John Forster, Sr. Pie was born at San Luis Rej Mission, San Diego County, in 1845, and is now a resident of Los Angeles. He mar- ried Dona Josefa del Valle, daughter of Don Ygnacio del Valle, deceased, of the " Camulos" Rancho. Mr. Forster built and owns the Fors- ter Block on the east side of Main street. ILTON H. LA FETRA.— The subject of this sketch is a native of Wai-ren County, Ohio, dating his birth in 1846. His fathei-, James H. La Fetra, was a native of New Jersey. He was a prominent merchant in Warren County, Ohio, where he resided until 1875, when he took up his residence in Los An- geles. He died in that city in 1885. Mr. La Fetra's mother was Sarah Hormell, a native of Maryland. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native place, receiving a good education. In 1864 he entered the military service as a sol- dier of the One Hundred and Forty ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. His regiment was assigned to the department of Washington, and was en- gaged in the battles against Early's Confederate forcesin their memorable raid upon Washington. Mr. La Fetra served until the expiration of his term of service in September, 1864, and was then honorably discharged. He then returned to Ohio and completed his education in the Ohio Western University at Delaware. He next en- gaged in mercantile pursuits witii his father until 1861J. In that year ho located in Kansas and established himself in mercantile enterprises at Augusta and later at Wichita. He followed his business pursuits in Kansas until 1872, at which time he took up his residence in Wash- ington, District of Columbia, where he remained until 1874. In that year he came to California and, after spending some months in other sec- tions of the State, located in Los Angeles in February, 1875. P'or many years Mr. La Fetra was engaged in mercantile pursuits in tl at city, among which was the well-known Grange store, under the firm name of Seymour & Co., and Sey- mour, Johnson & Co., and afterward was associ- ated with Henderson & Marshall. In 1885 Mr. La Fetra engaged in real-estate transactions, and wasoneof the original incorporators and directors of the Long Beach Land and Water Company. He took up his residence at Long Beach, and was the superintendent of that company, having charge of and directing the improvements pro- jected at that place, building railroads, hotel, and improving and extending their water works. In 1887 the interest of his company was transferred to the Long Beach Development Company. Mr. La Fetra tlien resigned hissuperinteudency, and in 1888 took up his residence at Glendora. He resides upon a forty acre tract, located about one mile west of that town. He is now de- voting himself to agricultural and horticultural pursuits. At this writing (1889) he has seven acres of French prunes, five acres in raisin grapes of the Muscat variety, and a fine family orchard, comprising a large variety of citrus and deciduous fruits. With his characteristic energy he has entered into substantial improvements, among which is his well-ordered cottage home, suitable out-buildings, etc. His home is located upon elevated ground among the foot-hills, giving a beautiful view of the valley. He has ]iro- jected and partially completed a system of wa- ter supply from the Shorey Cafion, and from tunnels driven into the mountains, which will be made available for all purposes and portions of his land. In connection with his brother, Lawson M. La Fetra, he is the owner of a fine body of land lociated to the west of his home niSTORT OF LOS ANGELES G0UNT7. place, wliich is destined to become one of the most desirable tracts for villa residence and horticultural purposes in the East San Gabriel Valley. The contemplated Methodist Female College, under the auspices of the University of Southern California, will be located upon these lands. Mr. La Fetra is an energetic and pro- gressive man, with trained business qualities. These are securing his success in his new call- ing, and placing hiin in the ranks of the suc- cessful horticulturists of his section. In political matters he is a KepTxblican, but is a strong Pro- hibitionist in principle. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Church, and a trustee of the church at Long Beach. He is a member of Stanton Post, No. 55, G. A. R., of Los Angeles. In 1876 Mr. La Fetra returned to Ohio, and while there was united in marriage with Miss Emma R. Gard, the daughter of Silas and Mary (Ross) Gard, of that State. The names of the children born from this marriage are: Edna May, Ida Gard, Irene A., Everett Eads and Clara A. -^^M^W?^-^ — fRANK BENNETT FANNING was born in Brattleboro, Vermont, November 16^ 1836, of English ancestry. He received an academic education. After clerking several years, he went West, to Pennsylvania, wliere he engaged in the coal business. He lived in Pennsylvania and New York till 1872, when he came to San Francisco, and from thence by stage to Los Angeles. Mr. Fanning was for some years Deputy Collector of Internal Reve- nue under William Higbie, after which he was chief clerk of the Banning. Transportation Com- pany about three years; since when, Jatiuary, 1885, he has been chief deputy count}' clerk under Charles H. Dunsmoor. Mr. Fanning is a thoroughly efficient official. Under his sub- administration, the now very extensive and im- portant business of the clerk's office of Los Angeles County has been systematized and its methods perfected, so that the office compares favorably with that of any other county in this or any other State. Mr. Fanning was married to Harriet E. Lincoln in 1868. They have one ILLIAM II. FREER.— Among the Cal- ifornia pioneers of 1849, and long resi- dents of Los Angeles County, none is more worthy of mention than the subject of this sketch. He is a pioneer in its truest sense, one who in '49, braving the dangers and hard- ships of plain, desert and mountains, with his family sought the sunny climes and virgin soil of California, thus ])aving the way for the grand American civilization to follow. Not a gold- seeker, he came to help build up an empire on the Pacific Coast, and during his forty years of residence in the State has been a tiller of the soil. The brief sketch of liis life herewith given is of interest. He was born in Warren County, Ohio, February 5, 1814, descendhig from a race of pioneers. His father, Jonathan Freer, was a native of North Carolina, who moved to Ohio in his youtli, where he married Miss Hannah Seward, a native of Virginia. In 1827 his parents moved to Randolph County, Indiana, and there engaged in farming. Mr. Freer was reared to that calling, receiving the limited education afforded by pioneer schools. In 18.39 he commenced his pioneer life upon his own account, and located in what is now Grundy County, Missouri. There, in 1840, he married Miss Zerelda Stucker, the daughter of John and Susannah Stucker. In 1844 he again took up his march westward, and located in At- kinson County, Missouri, where he engaged in farming and stock business until 1849. In the spring of that year he fitted' up his exjiedition for a journey of thousands of miles across the plains. His father having died in 1847, his mother and her family accompanied him in his emigration. The slow journey of six months' duration was brought to an end in October of 1849, when he reached French Camp in Sacra- UlSTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. iiientu Valley, where he remained during the following winter. In the spring of 1850 Mr- Freer located in Santa Clara Connty, purchasing ten acres of land near the Berryessa District, northeast of San Jose. He then bought city land adjoining and conimenced agricultural pur- suits, general farming and stock-raising. For nearly twenty-iive years Mr. Freer was identified with the building up and development of that rich and prosperous county. In 1869 he visited Los Angeles County, and, pleased with the genial climate, rich and virgin soil, purchased over 300 acres of land in the San Gabriel Val- ley, about one and a half miles north of El [onte; in the Savanna jhool district. ipoi which he commenced to make improvements and place the soil under cultivation. He soon reduced his lands under subjugation and entered upon a system of general farming, and also built a snbstantial two-story residence and erected commodious barns and out-buildings. In 1875 he began residence upon his farm, and has since conducted its operations. His broad acres of rich bottom land are principally devoted to hay, grain and stock, cultivating only such fruit-trees and vines as are required to supply home consumption. In addition to his home farm, Mr. Freer purchased, in 1879, 320 acres* three miles east of El Monte, which he culti- vated until 1887, when he sold it at a high figure. Mr. Freer stands high in the estimation of his neighbors as a straightforward, repr.table citizen, taking a deep interest in the welfare of the community in which he resides. He is a school trustee of his district, and was one of the first to establish a school in the Berryessa Dis- trict, M'here he so long resided in Santa Clara County, and was an efficient trustee in that dis- trict for many years. In politics he is a con- sistent Democrat. Of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Freer, nine are now living, namely: James J., who married Miss Sarah Hopper, living in Oregon; Matilda A., now Mrs. Will- iam Papson, of Lake County; John 11., who married Miss Lucy Moody, and is residing in Oregon; Hannah J. Mi-s. (^eorire Dol of Kern County; Martin S., living in Kern Connty; Thomas, Louisa, Jackson and Lee, who are residing under the parental roof. His daugliter, Delila F., married Walter Lowry. She died in 1888, leaving one child, Delila, who is being reared in Mr. Freer's family. fEOKGE FITCH, agent of the Bellevue Nursery, Los Angeles, is a native of Mas- sachusetts. His parents, George and Eliza Fitch, were Quakers. Born September 19, 1831, he attended the public Schools during his boyhood, and in 1849, when only seventeen years old, started for California, by way of Cape Horn. When he arrived in San Francisco that little town was composed of shanties and tents. For twelve years Mr. Fitch manufactured soda- water in that place. Returning in 1800, he en- gaged in manufacturing sugar bari'els in Boston and other places. His father was the largest manufacturer of oil barrels in Nantucket, Mas- sachusetts. In 1872 Mr. Fitch married Mrs. Charlotte E. Somerby, of Boston, Massachu- setts. In 1884 they came to Los Angeles, where he has been engaged in the nursery trade. They have one son — George A., at present with the Los Angeles Furniture Company. '^■^■'^ fK. GREEN, manufacturer of windmills, tanks, hand and power pumps, etc., cor- * ner of Buena Vista and Walter streets, Los Angeles, was born in Orleans County, New York, August 28, 1840. His parents removed to Michigan during his early childhood, and he grew up to manhood and attended school in that State; afterward he engaged in teaching. In 1863-'64 he completed a full coui'se at Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College in Chicago. For the next four years he was a bookkeeper in a large manufacturing house, and then for a time was engaged in mercantile business. In 1872 he came and established his ])resent busi- UltSTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ness in Los Angeles, in Beaudr^' Block, corner of Alisi and Alameda streets. At that time there was but one windmill in the city, and two or three in the county. The first windmill he put up is still in good running order, and he has attained a wide reputation as a thorough mechanic and honest dealer, and accordingly enjoys an increasing patronage in this and adjoining counties. His business is extending even into Arizona. In 1886 he purchased the property he now occupies, at the locality men- tioned, where he is well equipped for supplying a large trade. He resides on the nortiieast cor- ner of Union avenue and Ninth street. In May, 18(31, Mr. Green was united in marriage with Miss Loumira C. Ilalliday, a native of Vermont. Tiieir children are named Floyd and Ruth. fRED GOURLEY, carpenter and builder. West Fourth street, Los Angeles, was born in the city of Manchester, England, Janu- ary 2, 1857, son of John and Eliza Gourley. He attended the common schools and learned his trade of Robert Neill & Sons, one of the most prominent contractors in England. He came to America in 1882 and worked at his trade in New York seven years. He came to Los Angeles in 1888, and since then has been successfully engaged in business here. "While serving his apprenticeship he had a practical experience of two and a half years in the drafting department; he is, therefore, a thorough me- chanic and has already secured a good business. fE. GREEN, contractor, corner Court-House and Flower streets, Los Angeles, was born ® in England, July 3, 1848; learned his trade in his native land; emigrated to this coun- try, and went to Chicago in 1872. After work- ing at his trade in building there eleven years, he came to Ciilifornia in 1883, locating in Los Anojeles and continuing in the same business. He built the Unity Church, the block for the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, corner of Fort and Temple streets, the University Bank Building, the St. Nicholas Hotel, the residence of Mayor Bryson, corner of Tenth and Flower streets, the celebrated Baron Roginat's residence, the Puente Hotel, the Sentous Block, Dr. Owen's residence and Mrs. A. L. Bath's residence. Mr. Green has a large practical experience, and has taken a prominent position in the business here. ^-^^^ I^ENRY GARDNER, a retired capitalist, IHl -''*5*''di"g "" Second street, in the city of ^M Santa Monica, is a native of tlie Empire State, being born at Laurens, Otsego County, New York, in March, 1828. He has been iden- tified with Los Angeles County since the year 1885, and is known as a successful business man. fREDERICK C. GRESHAM, M. D., ranks among the most prominent physicians and surgeons of Sierra Madre and the San Gabriel Valley. He is a native of England, 'and dates his birth in London in 1850. His father, John F. Gresham, was a prominent bar- rister at law in that city, ranking high in his profession and filling many positions of trust and honor. He is now (1889) chief justice of the Island of Grenada, West Indies, an honor- able position he has tilled for the past twent}'- tive years. Dr. Gresham was reared in the city of his birth, receiving his education in its schools and colleges. At the age of nineteen years he commenced his medical studies under the tutor- ship of Dr. John Stopford-Taylor, a prominent physician of Liverpool, and also entered upon a course of study in the best medical institutions of England. He pursued his studies with a zeal born with a love of the profession and an ambi- tion to excel! in his calling. In 1874 he gradu- ated with honor at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and also at the Apothecaries Hall of HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. London, and the next year received a degree | from the Queen's University of Dublin. The Doctor has been justly honored by the medical 1 institutes of his country, and is the recipient of silver medals tor medicine, surS«H fATRICK GOODWIN, proprietor of Good- win's Shoeing Siiop, Mayo and South Los Angeles streets, is a native of Ireland, and emigrated to America when fourteen years of age. He served an apprenticeship to his trade in Baltimore, and liveerations, and secured him a fair competency. Mr. Gibson is at this writing (1889) in his eightieth year, with all liis faculties seemingly unimpaired; but de- sirous of relieving himself from the cares and labors of agricultural pursuits, and at the same time make a sur& provision for his children, he has deeded to each of them lifly acres of the old homestead. Mr. Gibson's long residence and identification with various interests tliroughont the vallev and county, combined with his houcu'- HI8T0RT OF LOS AJHGELE8 GOUNTT. able dealings and manly qualities, have gained him the respect and esteem of a large circle of friends and acquaintances. In political matters he is a consistent Democrat. In 1861-'62-'63 he served as county supervisor from his district. In 1858 Mr. Gibson married Miss Betsey Aldrich, a native of Vermont. She was the daughter of Hazen Aldrich, also of that State. From this marriage tliere are live children living, viz.: Edward, who married Miss Alma Jaqua, now living in Los Angeles; Fielding, Brace S., who married Miss Luty Renfro (she died March 24, 1888); Blanche, wife of James S. Chapman, residing in Arizona; and Gadi S. Fielding is a resident of San Jose. Brace and Gadi are residing on the old homestead, and are engaged in its cultivation, giving their attention to general farming. Mr. Gibson has given all his cliildreu the benefit of a good education. tON. J. J. GOSPER is a native of Knox County, Ohio, where he first saw the light of this world on the 8th day of April, 1841. About the year 1845 the Gosper family moved into the far West and located on a farm near Geneva, in Kane County, Illinois. When John was about nine years of age his father died leaving a widow and five helpless children. John was the oldest. Because of his very strong will and restless spirit his mother was unable to properly control him, consequently he was bound out to a farmer to serve with him until he reached his twenty-first year. To avoid the cruel treatment constantly inflicted upon him he ran away from his heartless home after tliree years of service. His legal lord placing a high value on his labor caused him to be arrested by the sherifi" of the county and returned like a run- away criminal. Two more years of cruel serv- ice equal to human slavery, and again the brave spirit of our young hero revolted and declared he would not submit to the demands of his merciless master. Tliis bold and unexpected declaration aroused the wrath of his would-be owner, and the next instant John was lying prostrate and senseless at the feet of a human monster, whose clenched fist had well nigh de- prived this friendless boy of iiis very life. With no eye to pity and no iiand to help he went thence out into the strange world alone. Seed- time and harvest, summer and winter, found him laboring with his hands until the war of the Rebellion, in 1861, called him into the serv- ice of his country. In his twentieth year he entered the army of the Union as a private in the Eighth Illinois Cavalry. Four long years did he thus act as a sentinel to national safety. The last part of his service was with the Twenty- ninth United States coloi-ed troops, as a com- missioned oflicer. His services were gallant and heroic. One of his legs was left upon the battlefield and he now wears a wooden one in lieu thereof. About this time the star of his human destiny came out from the darkness and its light has shone with unusual brilliancy ever since. For two years he was the duly elected tax collector for Geneva Township in Kane County, Illinois. About two years later, in 1869, he located his home in Lincoln, Nebraska. Two years he served in the city council and was president of the same. Two years later he served the public as Secretary of State. He was nominated to these offices by the Republican party, of which he has always been a useful and active member. In the management of local and State politics he became a strong power. One of the new counties of the State of Nebraska was given his name in recognition of his accept- able public service. In April, 1877, President Hayes appointed him Secretary of the Territory of Arizona. This position he occupied a period of five years and most of that time was the act- ing Governor of the Territory. About four years ago he became a citizen of Los Angeles, California. Here, as it has been elsewhere, his neighbors and friends have singled him out to hold places of trust and responsibility. He has been selected as a delegate to nearly every city, county and State convention of his party held since he became a citizen of California. Because UISTORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. of his personal popularity and readiness of speech he is always in much demand in conven- tions to make nominating speeches. At the invitation of the State Central Committee he became one of the regular State speakers during the Harrison campaign. Recently he was elected a member of the Public School Board of his city, which position he is now filling. Few men there are of his age who have occupied so many places of public trust and responsibility, yet he is not an office seeker. Eecognizing his force and integrity of character, coupled with his push and public spirit, we piedict for this self- made man a future far more prominent and useful than has been his past. In early life he prepared himself for the practice of law, but his physical condition would not admit of a steady in-door occupation. His principal business is live-stock and real estate, although he has had considerable experience at mining. His habits are simple and natural. He is as affable and unpretentious as was Abraham Lincoln, indeed that man was his ideal of American manhood. From his sixteenth year he has been an honored member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is also an active member of the Grand Army of the Eepublic and Past Commander of one of the posts. In time of trouble and danger he is as brave as a lion, yet in the presence of the weak and sufl'eriTig always kind and gentle. ROBERT GOLLMER, capitalist, 136 East |M First street, is a native of AVittenberg, "S|;\ Germany, born April 7, 1838. He at- tended school and served an apprenticeship to the painter's trade in his native country. In 1865 he emigrated to America, landing in New Orleans, where he remained a year and a half, then went to New York and sailed for Califor- nia, by way of the Isthmus. He remained in San Francisco about si.x months, and in 1867 came to Los Angeles, wliere he was employed by John Golier, remaining with him four years. He then entered the employ of L. Licliteuberger, in the carriage painting business, and remained with him for sixteen years. At the expiration of that time he gave his attention to improving his property. In 1871 Mr. Gollraer made a trip to his native land, and on June 8 married Miss Ana Magdalena Schwaigerer. After spending some months there he returned to America with his bride, in November of the same year. His good wife has done her full share in help- ing her husband to secure a competency, and in this, by their industry and good management, they have been successful. They have lived in their present location for seventeen years. Of their seven children, only three survive: Adolph, Amelia and Albert. fJ. GARBER, of the firm of Garber ct Harrington, contractors, Los Angeles, is '^ a native of Ohio, born October 22, 1854. He attended the common schools and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner in his native State. He went to Omaha, Nebraska, in 1883, remaining there until 1886, at which time he came to California, settled in Los Angeles and engaged in building. He erected the Barker Block and a number of other buildings and private residences. The firm of Garber & Har- rington was organized during the present year, 1889. Among other contracts they have the ci)ntract for the residences of M. H. Newmark, on Grand avenue, one of the finest in the city; also the residence of Mr. Jacoby, on Hope street. fRANK ASBURY GIBSON was born in Pittsburg, Iowa, November 23, 1851. He has four sisters, three of whom live here and one in' Wyoming. His father, Hugh Gib- son, who was of Scotch descent, was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and died in 1873, in Los Angeles. His mother, who for some years has been an honored resident of this city, was UISTOUr OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. born in tlie Isle of Man. She is a woman of tnucli intluence and of many sterling qualities. The family came to California in 1866, when Frank was in his fifteenth year. The latter re- ceived his education in the common schools of Iowa, and in the University of the Pacific, lie lived in San Joaquin and Colusa counties three years. He came to Los Angeles in 1872, lirst engaging in surveying and then in the post- office, till 1877, when he went into the abstract business. He is now the manager of the "Ab- stract and Title Insurance Compauy." He was county recorder, lirst by appointment of the supervisors to fill a vacancy, and then ' by elec- tion from 1885 to January, 1889. He was a mem- ber of the board of education for the years 1883 -'84:-'85, and during the latter portion of the time he was president of the board. In 1871-'72 he was clerk and acting agent of the Round Valley Indian Reservation. In 1881 he married Mary K. Simons, and they have one boy. Mr. Gibson is a man of high character and enjoys the respect and confidence of the entire com- munity. f GRIFFITH JENKINS GRIFFITH was ||! born January 4, 1852, in Glamorganshire, ^ South Wales. In his early childhood he heard of Atnericaand the wonderful opportunities it afforded for success, and being ambitious and full of youthful courage, at the age of fourteen years he left his old Welsh home, and crossed the Atlantic Ocean to Pennsylvania. Here the young lad fell into the good hands of famous old Benjamin Mowry, of Danville, Pennsylvania, who took him and not only gave him a first- class intellectual and moral education, but cared for him with the tenderness of a natural parent, and performed deeds of kindness which it was the happy lot of Mr. Griffith to repay in after years. Plis education was rounded out at the Fowler Institute in New York City. Then fol- lowed a few years of newspaper work in Pennsyl- vania. In 1872 Mr. Griffith visited his childhood home in Glamorganshire, and, while enjoying a quiet retreat with his parents, he received infor- mation of the failure of the Odd Fellows Bank of Pittsburg, in which were all his savings, amounting to several thousand dollars. Not disheartened by this piece of unwelcome intel- ligence, he immediately returned to America to seek anew his fortune. This was in 1873, and he came direct to San Francisco. Here he re- sumed his first venture in journalism. For several years he was business manager of the Rerald Publishing Company, which at one time published in all thirteen different periodicals and newspapers, including the Overland Monthly. This was during the years of the great mining boom. He saw how rapidly fortunes were made in mining, and he employed his spare moments in studying everything he could find of value pertaining to that pursuit. Then he further qualified himself by many visits to the Corn- stock lode, and, by practically studying tiie rocks, was soon an expert. He became the mining correspondent of the San Francisco Alta, a very difficult position, which he held with honor and profit for a number of years. His services as a mining expert brought him a very liberal sal- ary of several hundred dollars per mouth, and he soon had a little capital to invest himself in mines. His colmillos were speedily cut, and he awoke one day to the fact that he was about S10,000 in debt. Calling his creditors together, who only numbered five, he told them the situ- ation, and instead of taking advantage of the bankrupt act, oflered his salary as interest if they would extend his note a year. They not only agreed to do this, but offered him the use of more money. In much less than a year his obligations were all cancelled. He made three fortunes and lost two of them in mining. He dealt extensively in mining properties in Vir ginia City, White Pine, Pioche, Eureka and Chihuahua. After making something over $1,000,000 in his last deal, he concluded to lay a little by for after years. In 1882 he pur- chased the Los Feliz Ranch, just above Los Angeles City, containing about 6,700 aci-es. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. This rHnch owned a fraction of tlie water in the Los Angeles River, and in order to give the city a clear title to the water, about which there had been litigation for many years, in 1884 Mr. (4riffith sold this fraction, amounting to 800 inches per second, to the city for $50,000. The price was ver}' cheap, as it was easily worth four or five times that amount. While on a trip East, Mr. Griffitli visited hisold home in Danville, Pennsylvania, and enjoyed a large and generous reception at the hands of his old friend Mowry and his old townsmen. Danville was a mining town which had decreased in population from 20,000 to 4,000; times were very hard and homesteads were being sold for taxes. Finding his old friend and benefactor in straitened cir- cumstances, he lifted the obligation, to the astoni^hment of the authorities, and no words can depict the supreme pleasure that was mut- ually experienced when he handed Mowry, then fourscore and ten years old, a receipt in full of all demands, and turned aside to veil his eyes from the scene when Mowry informed his aged spouse what "their boy" had done for them in their extreme old age and distress, as a small return for the great good they had done him in his youth. It was Mr. Griffith's privilege still later to visit Danville when East on his wed- ding tour, and erect a handsome monument of ])olished granite, eighteen feet high, over their graves and to the memory of Benjamin and Jane Mowry, in kind remembrance of the loving deeds they had performed for the once friendless Welsh lad. January 27, 1887, Mr. Griffith mar- ried Miss CristinaMesmer, a daughter of the well- known Los Angeles capitalist, Louis Mesmer, who brought a handsome fortune and estate of her own. A male heir has blessed this union. During the real-estate boom of 1886-'87 Mr. Griffith parted with nearly $1,000,000 worth of his land at profitable prices, but his work has been more in the line of actual developments of the country's resources. As only one instance which may be here cited, he is having large tunnels driven tlirough the solid granite in the hills, a mile and a quarter northwest from the city's limits, which have already devel- oped a large stream of water about 500 feet above the city. He is still largely interested in mines in Mexico and elsewhere. In 1884 Mr. Griffith brought his parents over from Wales, and domiciled them, with five brothers and three sisters, on the Los Feliz Kancli. By one act alone, that of conveying to the city the much sued for water, Mr. Griffith prominently identi- fied himself with its history, and by many sub- sequent occurrences has justly obtained the reputation of a public-spirited citizen. ■i<^ik->-^» fRANK GOOD ALL. —Of those in this county who have made their own way in the world, none are more worthy of a place in a work of this character than is he whose name is at the head of this notice. Left an or- phan when less than four years of age, he was reared by Solomon Graves. After he reached young manhood he made his home with Eli Graves, with whom he afterward formed a busi- ness partnership. Mr. Goodall was born in Buchanan County, Missouri, in 1856. Became to California in 1875, farmed in Santa Clara County till 1879, then went to San Diego County and engaged in the same occupation until 1882, in which year he came to this county and purchased sixty-five acres of land. On this place he has built a commodious residence, and has planted out a fine orchard of apple, peach, apricot and orange trees. He is also devoting some attention to the raising of fine horses, and is doing a prosperous business in general. Mr. Goodall was united in marriage November 30, 1887, with Miss Sue Adams, a native of Missis- sippi. This excellent lady is the daughter of the Rev. Samuel M. Adams, well known in this and other counties of the State, where he served different charges as pastor in the Southern Methodist Episcopal Church. He now sustains a superannuated relation to the church, and lives in Downey. Mr. and Mrs. Goodall are both active members of the church, in which he has 494 HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. been honored by his brethren with some of the most responsible ofhces. As host and hostess they have a cordial welcome for all, and the writer of this biographical sketch will not soon forget the true Southern courtesy extended to him, nor their liospitality which he shared. f HARRINGTON, of the firm of Harring- ton & Garber, contractors, Los Angeles, "^ is a native of England, and was born September 2, 1848. He attended school and served an apprenticeship to his trade tliere, and after reaching manhood lie came to America in 18G8. He spent three years in Chicago, and then went to Kansas City, where he remained two years. From there he came to California in 1880, and spent several years in the mining district in the northern part of the State. In 1882 he came to Los Angeles, and engaged in building, and since then, for the past seven years, has been identiiied with the business here. Although a young man, he has, by his ability and good judgment in his investments, secured a competency. In 1883 Mr. Harrington married Miss Mattie Alderfer, of Ohio. They have one son, Roy Harrington. -Sm£- fW. GILLETTE, of Huguenot descent and son of a Baptist clergyman, was born in ® Elmira, New York. He was on the Kan- sas border from 185G to 1858, and came, the latter year, with a sup{)ly train for Harney's expedition against the Mormons, to Camp Floyd; thence to the Sacramento Valley. Lung trouble and a business op]iortunity brought him in May, 1862, to Southern California and ultimate health. He has lived in Los Angeles since March, 1867. Was deputy county clerk, etc., till May, 1873; county recorder and auditor from March, 1874, to March, 1876. Was one of the founders (in 1867) of Merrill Lodge, Good Templars, which recently gave tiie Woman's Christian Temperance Union the lot whereon is their beautiful temple; also of the Brooklyn Tract Company; of the first street railroad on Aliso street; of the abstract and title firm of Gillette & Gibson, and lastly of the Arrowhead Hot Springs Company, in which he is extensively interested and secretary. He married Miss Emma Serrot, of our suburl>, Florence; both are members of Fort Street Methodist Episcopal Chui-ch, and have since June, 1875, resided on Temple street, near Fort. He was a Republican till the Presidential election of 1884 when he joined the Prohibition party. Mr.Gillette is thoroughly respected by the community in which he has lived so many years, and which he has served in various public and official capacities so well. He is a man of high principle, and thorough integrity and pure life. tD. GRISWOLD, contractor, corner of Wells street and Columbus avenue, is a ® native of New York State, born May 28, 1839. He attended school during boyhood and served an apprenticeship to the trade of car- penter and joiner. After reaching his majority, upon the breaking out of the war, he enlisted in May, 1861, in the Ninth New York Cavalry Regiment and served in the Army of the Po- tomac, and was with Sheridan's command in the Shenandoah Valley; also served under other cavalry leaders. General Kilpatrick and General Pleasanton. He was wounded and taken pris- oner at Brandy Station, Louden Valley, during the cavalry charge on General Mead's retreat; was taken to Richmond where he was a prisoner six months. After serving three years, he re- turned to New York State, and then went to Chattanooga, Tennessee, in the etnploy of the Government, where he was engaged in rebuild- ing. From there he went to New Mexico, and two years later removed to Colorado, remaining there ten years, engaged in building. He after- ward spent five years ir Texas and two years in Mexico. Mr. Griswold came to Los Angeles in January, 1885, and since then has been engaged HISTORY OF LOS ANQBLES COUNTY. in contracting and building. In 1881 he mar- ried Miss Anna Sleyster, in Texas. They have an elegant home on the corner of "Wells street and Columbus avenue, with large grounds and fruit orchard, all finely improved. It is one of the most attractive homes in East I>os Angeles. ILLIAM S. HURLBUT, builder, 226 South Main street, Los Angeles, is a native of the State of Vermont, born April 26, 1837. His father was Eev. Elias Hurlbut, also a native of Vermont, and his mother, Lucinda (Stewart) Hurlbut, was a native of' New York State. Mr. Hurlbut was reared and served an apprenticeship to his trade as a builder in his native State. He went to Man- hattan, Ivansas, in 1857, and was one of the pioneers of that State during the troublous times of tiie free State movement. He enlisted the 13th of April, 1864, in the Signal Corps, U. S. A., and served in the department of the Gulf. He participated in the siege of Mobile and at the battles of Forts Morgan and Gaines; was act- ing signal officer for the army on tiie United States sloop of war Ossipee. After a terrific fight with the Rebel ram Tennessee, the latter was obliged to surrender to the Ossipee. When the war closed Mr. Hurlbut returned to Kan- sas, and on the 12th of April, 1866, was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Limbocker, daugh- ter of the Rev. H. S. Limbocker, of the State of Michigan. They have two children: Grace Irene and Harry Stewart. Mr. and Mrs. Hurl- but are both members of the Baptist Church of Los Angeles. ♦::^.->c9i.*.<-. fOHN WESLEY GAINES, a farmer and stock-raiser, residing two and one-half miles east of the village of Compton, is one of the first settlers of this part of the county of Los Angeles, he having come hero in August, 1871, and located where he has since lived. Durini; that time he has improved a fine farm of sixty acres. Being a native of Kentucky, Mr. Gaines possesses in large measure that hospitality so characteristic of the Southerners. He was born in Madison County, and is a son of John W. and Sarah (White) Gaines, natives of the Old Do- minion and of Irish descent. Nathan White, Mr. Gaines's maternal grandfather, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. The father of the subject of this sketch emigrated with his family 10 Missouri at an early day, where he was a respected and honored tiller of the soil until his death. Mr. Gaines crossed the plains to Cali- fornia with ox teams in 1850, being on the way three months, this being the quickest time made in crossing over in those days. He landed in the mining districts near Nevada City, and there engaged in mining for two years, after which he worked at the carpenter's trade for awhile. About this time he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Clamp, a native of New York. Her parents emigrated to California when she was a small child. This union has been blessed with twelve children, all of whom are living: Will- iam A., AVesley Gaines, Edith, Sophie Lee, Ed- ward F., Lillie Belle, Louisa, Robert E., Nathan, Margaret, Clara and Laura G. AYilliani A. married Miss Lizzie Lord, and Edith is now the wife of L. P. Abbott, of Los Angeles. — '^■'m^^^ — fHARLES I. GOUCHER, Superintendent of the Long Beach Development Company, has been a citizen of this, place for two years. He is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Easton, in 1859, and is the son of William and Mary (Robinson) Goucher, natives of Connecti- cut and England respectively. The mother came to America at the age of six years. The father was engaged in the mercantile business in Phila- delphia until his death, which occurred in 1884. William Goucher had a family of seven children: William 11., who is president of the Long Beach Improvement Company; Emily, Thomas R., Minnie, Jennie, Charles I. (the subject of this HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. sketch), and Ulysses Grant. Mr. Goucher was educated at the public schools of Philadelphia, learned civil engineering by a six years' course in the Public Survey Department of that city, and served three years with the JNorfolk & Western Road. He was married in 1886 to Miss Mary E. Ellis, of Cayuga County, New York, and daughter of Jotham and Catherine Ellis. Mr. and Mrs. Goucher are members of the Episcopalian Church, and politically he affiliates with the Republican party. He has a pleasant residence on the corner of second and Daisy streets. Mr. Goucher is an enterprising young man, and by his pluck and energy is win- ning his way to the front ranks among the busi- ness men of Southern California. fEORGE HINDS, Collector of Customs, Wilmington, is a native of Ireland, and was born in 1834. He was reared in his native country, and at the age of seventeen years emigrated to America, in 1851, and lived in Pennsylvania until 1861. When the war broke out he enlisted in the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment of Volunteer Infantry, served all through the Peninsular campaign, and participated in many severe engagements; was in the siege of Fort Wagner, and in Florida a portion of the time, and on James Island, serv- ing three years. He was appointed hospital steward in the United States army, and remained in the employment of the Government until 1868. He left the service at Wilmington, be- came associated with his present partner, Mr. Vickery, and engaged in the live-stock and butchering business. The firm of Yickery & Hinds is one of the oldest and most prominent in the business in Southern California. They have markets in Los Angeles, Wilmington, San Pedro and Long Beach, and have a large estab- lished trade and enjoy an enviable reputation. Mr. Hinds has been twice elected a member of the board of supervisors of this county, and served during the years 1874, 1875 and 1876, and during these years was president of the board. He was again elected a tnember of the board for four years, and resigned that office to accept the appointment by President Cleveland of collector of customs for the District of Wil- mington, August 23, 1886. Mr. Hinds was married March 1, 1865, to Miss Mary Kennedy, of Pennsylvania. They have no children. lAJOR HExNRY HANCOCK was born at Bath, New Hampshire, February 22, 1822. He was in the Mexican war, and came to California via Cape Horn in 1849, and to Los Angeles in 1852. He was both an at- torney and a surveyor, and he surveyed many private ranches in different parts of California. He was also a United States surveyor for many years. He made the second official survey of the city of Los Angeles, Captain Ord, of the United States army, having made the first. Major Hancock represented Los Angeles County in the Legislature once or twice. He married a daughter of Colonel Harasthy, who still sur- vives him. John, a brother of Major Hancock, came to California with him, and is a resident of Los Angeles. Major Hancock died several years ago. ^' • — ^ •'^"r*%^'^=^ "" fG. HATHERN is one of the first settlers in Compton. He is a native of Somer- ® set County, Maine, and was born in the town of Athens, August 28, 1823. His father, Jacob Hathern, was born September 13, 1790, at Bowdoinham, Maine, and his mother, Lydia C. Whittier, was born in Nottingham, New Hampshire, August 18, 1784. They had a family of six children whose names are as fol- lows: Rodney R., Hannah A., Clarinda, J. G., Philena D. and Roena M. The subject of this sketch was married May 6, 1856, to Miss Martha F. Durrell, a native of Solon, Maine, and the daughter of Daniel M. and Jane (French) Dur- nrsroRT of los angeles county. rell. Jane French was the daugliter of Captain Josiali Frencli, who had five wives: First, Mol- lie Biiswell; second, llannali Gill, widow of Jolin Gill; third, Jane Eaton; fourth. Teinper- aTice Durrell; fifth, Elizabeth .lackinan. Cap- tain French outlived all liis wives. lie was a pioneer of Solon, Maine, having moved from Old Salisbury, Massachusetts, to Solon in 1805, where he died at the advanced age of ninety years. On the 27th of February, 1811, he re- signed his commission as Commander-in-Chief of the Fourth Regiment of Infantry, Second Brigade, Eighth Division of the militia of the commonwealth of Massachusetts. Daniel and Jane Durrell had four children, viz.: Josiah F., Jane, Martha F. and Rachel M. The mother of these children died, and Mr. Durrell married Elizabeth Somes, by whom he had six children: Naomi S., Mary S., Daniel M., Olive D., Caro- line D. and Edgar J. Daniel Durrell was a native of Nottingham, New Hampshire, and his sec- ond wife was born in Mt. Desert, Maine. Mr. Ilathern and his wife, with their two children, Jennie C. and Daniel M., left their lioine in Atlieus, Maine, December 21, 1868, fur Califor- nia. They reached New York the day before Christmas and took steamer, via the Isthmus of Panama, which they crossed January 1. They then took the steamer Constitution to San Fran- cisco, wliere they landed after a voyage of six- teen days. From that city they went by steamer to Sacramento, and then by rail to Marysville. J. F. Durrell and his wife had been their com- panions all the way from Maine, and he and Mr. Hathern left their wives with his brother-in- law, R. B. Russell, at Marysville, while they took steamer to Petaluma, and on horseback ex- plored the Russian River territory. The^' sub- sequently returned to their families at Marys- ville, and went thence by steamer to San Pedro, looking for a home. They had heard of Comp- ton, and, going there, met the gentleman they desired to see -A. M. Peck, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. They first ])ur- cbased 200 acres of land in partnership near where Florence now stands. Mr. Ilathern sub- sequently sold his in'erest to Mr. Durrell, after I wliich he jnirchased the forty acres on which he i is now so comfortably located, paying $1,850 for the j)lace. Vast indeed have been the iin- pro\ements he has made and that have been made around him. The farm is now managed by his son, Daniel M., who married Miss Mag- gie J. Johnson, a native of Canada, and by whom he has one child, Ro\' E. Jennie C, oldest daughter of the subject of this sketch, died in\y 3, 1871. The two surviving children are: Daniel and Rena R. Mr. and Mrs. Ilath- ern are active members of the Holiness Band in Compton. Politically he has always been pronounced in his views, was an anti-slavery man, and now affiliates with the Prohibition party. He is one of the strongest and truest advocates of the great temperance question in Los Angeles County. --^€(i3il^-^^ — fACOB HARPS was born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, in 1849, and is a son of Daniel Harps. He was early in life thrown entirely upon his own resources. His mother died when he was four years old, and his father, when he was seven. In 1872 Mr. Harps came to California and located in San Francisco, where for a period of four years he was engaged in bridge-building. In 1876 he came to Los An- geles County and located in San Fernando, as one of the first settlers of what is regarded as one of the most beautiful and healthful places in Southern California. He first bought 160 acres of land, which he farmed till al)0ut two years ago. He still owns the farm, which he is having set to olives, but has gone into the lumber business in San Fernando, and deals in lumber, lime, cement, etc. In 1876 Mr. Harps was united in marriage with Miss Lillian Nick- erson, of Santa Cruz, California. Herparentsalso died before she was six years of age. They have a very pleasant home on Johnsoti street, San Fernando. Socially, Mr. Harps is a member of the A. O. U. W., and affiliates with Lodge No. nilSTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 214, San Fernando. He was one of the charter members of this lodge, which started out with twenty-one members, in 1882, and which num- bers now forty-nine members. He is the dis- trict deputy of District No. 7, Los Angeles County, having held all the minor offices. He is a member of the school board, and affiliates with the Democratic party. fEORGE HANSEN, the eminent civil en- gineer, is a native of Fiume, Austria. He was born in the year 1824. He came to California via Cape Horn and Peru in 1850, and to Los Angeles in 1853. He is the oldest surveyor and engineer in Los Angeles County. He has followed his profession ever since his arrival, and he has probably records of more surveys, made by himself and under his direc- tion, in Los Angeles County and in Southern California, than any other living surveyor. He projected and planted the vineyard town of Ana- heim, the pioneer colony of the Pacific Coast, in 1857. Mr. Plansen is a very learned man, and a man of great intellectual ability. He is well read in almost every branch of human knowl- edge, and is familiar with several languages, ancient and modern, including German, French, Spanish and English. He is, withal, of a very genial disposition, and is held in high esteem for his sof'inl qualities as well as for his learning. tEV. A. C. HAZZARD was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1825, and is a sou of William Hazzard, an old associate of General Cass. William Hazzard was born in 1798, in Con- necticut. The old Hazzard family were origi- nally from Rhode Island. His ancestors settled in Rhode Island in 1636 and came from Eng- land. As early as 1817 William Hazzard drove an ox team from Vermont to Detroit, Michigan, and walked and carried his personal effects on the yoke of his oxen. He married Casandra Coan, a daughter of Augustus Coan, who was an officer in the war of 1812, and his father a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Many were the adventures experienced by Mr. Coan. At the breaking out of the war in 1812 he was in Canada and was pressed into the British service. Not wanting to fight with the British against his own countrymen he deserted; was twice captured and was condemned to be hung by Colonel Meggs. On his way to execution, which was to take place just at sunrise, he watched his opportunity, and knocked his two guards down, springing into the brush beside the road in the twilight of the early morning, and stumbling over a log, fell behind it. Then he crawled to the water and swam the Detroit River, thus escaping two guards and two mounted dragoons! If all his adventures and narrow escapes from the British and the Indians could be published, it would be a work full of much interest. William Hazzard settled in St. Joseph County, Michigan, on Christinas eve, 1828. He built the first house in the county,' and he and old Judge Sturgis, for whom the city of Sturgis was named, were the first settlers of St. Joseph County. He died at Centerville, Michigan, in 1882, his wife having died about the year 1869. They had twelve children, all living but one, James, wlio died at the age of forty years. The subject of this sketch was next to the oldest. He was educated at Albion College, and decided when quite young to be- come a preacher of the gospel, and was licensed to preach in 1854 in the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1851 he married Jane A. Lee, of Branch County, and a daughter of Dennis Lee, a pioneer of that county. After his marriage he joined the Michigan Conference, in 1857, and traveled as a preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church seven years. In 1864 he came by steamer to California, landing in San Francisco, April 1, 1864. When at Santa Rosa he joined the California Conference. The fol- lowing are the charges filled by him during his connection with this conference: St. Helena, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Santa Rosa, Sacramento Circuit, Berryessa, Red- wood, Dutch Flat, Iowa Hill, Eureka, Antioch, Ferndale, Sonora and Clear Lake. Then he took the supernumerary relation, and five years ago liought the large ranch near Santa Fe Springs, where he has since resided. Mr. Ilaz- zard is an educated man himself, and has given all his children a liberal education at the Uni- versity of the Pacific in San Jose, lie has recently deeded 100 acres of land as an endow- ment fund for the post-graduate courses of the University of Southern California, and they are named in honor of him. He remained a mem- ber of the California Conference till 1888, when he was transferred to the Southern California Conference. Mr. Hazzard is a man of large experience and liberal views, and has accom- plished a great deal of good. The ineml)ers of his family are as follows: Mary Eva, now the widow of the late Rev. Harry Smith, of Wabash, Indiana; Hattie, wife of Rev. T. H. "Woodward, of Chico, California Conference; George L., Fred A., and Alice M., now of Los Angeles County. Ip^EORGE W. HAZARD, manufacturer of IKt? and dealer in harness and saddles, whips, W^ robes, etc., Nos. 118 and 115 Reqnena street, Los Angeles, was born in the town of Evanston, one of the most popular and populous of the suburbs of Chicago. His parents were Captain A. M. Hazard, a native of Rutland, Vermont, and Eleanor (Alexander) Hazard, a native of Glasgow, Scotland. They were among the earliest pioneers in Nortliern Illinois, and settled on the lake shore, on the land now occu- pied by the town of Evanston, and before the town was laid out or a house built. The city of Chicago was then only a straggling village. When the subject of this sketch was only ten years of age, in 1853, his parents emigrated to California with their family, coming with ox teams, and were nearly two years on the way, including several months at Iowa City and Council Bluffs. Upon reaching this county they located about four miles from Los Angeles, near Park Station, taking an upland tract. After living on the land some years, through some technicality it was declared Government land, and their claim was forfeited, and the family removed to the village for the convenience of schools. George attended school here on Spring street, where the Bryson & Bonebrake Block now stands. He also learn h1 his trade in this city. In 1866 he engaged in business here and continued until 1871, then went East and soon afterward engaged in business in Chicago, his native city, for seven years. While there, in 1877, he married Miss Mary Anna Cox, a native of England. In 1881 Mr. Hazard returned to Los Angeles, and since then has been success- fully engaged in business here. He is well and favorably known, and has a good established trade. His parents lived to a good, ripe old age. His father died in 1873, atid his mother's death occurred in 1883, leaving three sons, namely, the subject of this sketch; Hon. Hazard, a prominent attorney, and recently elected mayor of the city; Daniel Hazard, of Etiwanda, San Bernardino . County; and two daughters, Mrs. Lechler aiid Mrs. Teft, both living in this city. Mr. and Mrs. Hazard have four children: Mabel, Herbert, Lulu and Eva. f^MMI D. HAWKS was born in Bingham- { ton. New York, in 1834. His father. Nelson ^ P. Hawks, was a native of Pennsylvania, who, early in life, located in New York, and there married Miss Hannah Crocker, a native of that State. When the subject of this sketch was three years old his father moved to Wisconsin and settled in Waukesha County. He was a pioneer of that section and became largely in- terested in building up that portion of the State, and besides engaging in farming operations, built and conducted a hotel; also built a flouring mill and saw-mill. He was energetic, public- spirited and a thorough business man, well and UISTOKY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. favorably known to the settlers of Waukesha County. Mr. Hawks was reared and schooled in that county, ;ind learned the trade of a miller. "When about nineteen years of age he engaged as a clerk in a wiiolesale and retail grocery store in Chicago, and later, in 1856, located in Mil- waukee, where he foliowed mercantile pursuits until the next year. In the fall of 1857 he en- tered upon a course of study at Racine College, which he continued until the war of the Rebell- ion induced him to enter the service of his country, in 1862 he enlisted as a private in Company C, Twenty -eighth Regiment of Wis- consin Volunteers. He served faithfully until the close of the war, and during that period participated in the battles, sieges and marches of the Thirteenth Army Corps, to which his regi- ment was attached. His soldierly qualities gained him the respect of his superiors and he was promoted to the responsible position of Quartermaster-Sergeant of his regiment. Among the battles in which Mr. Hawks participated may be mentioned the battle of Helena, the Yazoo expedition, the capture of Little Rock, and the siege and capture of Mobile, Alabama. The death' of his father having occurred in 1863, at the close of the war Mr. Hawks returned to Wisconsin and took chaige of the old homestead and spent the next six years in agricultural pur- suits. In 1872 he located at Green Bay, Wis- consin, and engaged in meicantile pursuits, establishing a grocery store which he conducted until 1875. In that year he came to California and took up his residence in San Francisco, where he was employed as the bookkeeper of the Pacific Type Foundry. lie held that responsible position ior seven years, and then engaged in the manufacture of printers' rollers, after which he established a collection agency, which he con- ducted until 1887. In July of that year he took up his I'esidence in Sierra Madre, on a twenty- acre tract of land that he had purchased in 1881. This land is located near the corner of Baldwin and Central avenues. The first year in Sierra Madre was spent by Mr. Hawks in his business as a real-estate dealer, he having established an office on Baldwin avenue, but since that time he has devoted himself to horticultural pursuits and is placing his lands under citru.s and de- ciduous fruit cultivation. Of his original tract be now has about fifteen acres, which he is rapidly planting with orange trees. Mr. Hawks was the first to bring to Sierra Madre the cele- brated Japanese orange — the Oonshiu. This is a thornless tree, ])roducing a seedless fruit of rich flavt)r. lie now has over 100 very fine specimens of that tree upon his place. Mr. Hawks is a thorough-going business man, and as he is applying sound business principles to his horticultural pursuits, he is destined to luiild up one of the representative places of the colony. lie is a public-spirited citizen, taking a deep interest in the future growth and prosperity of Sierra Madre. Politically he is a Republican. He has been prominent in various fraternal and beneficial societies and organizations and is a member of the followirg orders: George II. Thomas Post, No. 2, G. A. R.; Fidelity Lodge, No. 136, A. O. U. W.; Fidelity Lodge, No. 2,108, K. of II.; and Memorial Lodge, No. 6, U. E. A., all of San Francisco. He was for nine years the efficient secretary of the A. O. U. W. and K. of II. lodges. He is a member and trustee of the Episcopal Church of Sierra Madre. In 1865 Mr. Hawks married Miss Almeriah A. Topliff, a native of New York. Her parents were Dyer and Elmina (Woodruff) Topliff, also of that State. From this marriage there are the following named children: Laura T., Ruth T., Daisy E. and Jamie N. fROF. JOHN J. HART was born in Cleve- land, Ohio, in 1843. His parents, Chris- tian and Catharine (Morgenstern) Hart, were natives of Germany, who came to the United States in 1834. Christian Hart became a business man and a merchant at Cleveland. The subject of this sketch was reared in that city and early displayed a taste and talent for music. He was educated in the schools of UISTORT OF LOS ANGELES VOUllTY. Cleveland, and after leaving the High School he entered upon his higher nuisical studies, and while thus engaged entered into mercantile jjur- snits as clerk. In 1864 he volunteered in de- fense of the nation, enlisting in Company F, One Hundred and P^iftieth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, serving faithfully his term of enlistment, in the defense of Washington. In 1868 he crossed the Atlantic and at Leipsic entered the Conservatoriuin of Music for a three years' course of study. Returning to Cleveland, he founded the Cleveland Conservatory of Music. Professors Underner and Heydler, gentlemen well known in musical circles, were connected with Prof Hart in this enterprise, the latter he- ing the principal manager of the institution, which at once took high rank. After thirteen years of his arduous duties and strict devotion to his work. Professor Hart found himself obliged to not only change his occupation, but to seek a more congenial climate; and he came to California in 1884, and located in Los An- geles County, taking up his residence in Sierra Madre. He purchased forty acres of land, on the south side of Central Avenue, from Mr. Clement, who had made considerable improve- ments, building a cottage residence, planting trees, etc. Prof. Hart entered into horticultural jjursuits upon his tract, which he continued until 1886 and 1887, when he subdivided his lands and offered them for sale, and about the same time opened up Manzanita, Ramona and Mariposa streets. He now owns his home of three acres and other lots, iTiaking about ten acres which he is cultivating and devoting to fruit- growing. He also owns a ten-acre tract on the corner of Sunnyside and Central avenues, which is producingoranges, grapes, peaches and prunes. His beautiful home on Central avenue is one of the most attractive places in Sierra Madre. A large variety of ornamental trees and rich floral productions add greatly to its charms. Prof. Hart has, during his residence in Sierra Madre, been closely identified with its best interests and has been a strong supporter of every enter- prise that has tended to advance its interests. He is a stockholder in the Sierra Madre Water Company, and from 1884 to 1888 has been a director. He is well known in his section, and receives the well-merited respect and esteem of his friends and associates. In political matters he is a conservative Republican. lie Is a memi)er of Cleveland City Lodge, No. 15, F. & A. M. In 1871 Prof. Hart was united in marriage with Miss Emma Corlctt, a native of Cleveland, Ohio, the daughter of Robert and Catherine (Giles) Corlett. Her father is a native of the Isle of Man and her mother was born in England. Prof, and Mrs. Hart have three cliiklron: John W., Edwin G. and Frank R. ►4«^ fD. HOWRY, junior partner and manager of the firm of Hpwry Brothers, roasters ® of coffee and wholesale dealers in coffees, teas and spices, at No. 113 North Los Angeles street, is a native of Ohio, born is Warren County in 1855. Mr. Howry's first business experience was in the dry-goods trade, in which he engaged until his health was so seriously im- paired by in-door confinement and close applica- tion that he was compelled to withdraw from business entirely. Being threatened with pul- monary consumption, he sought relief in the dry, bracing climate of Minnesota for a time, but grew worse and left there, after suffering from a hemorrhage of the lungs, so reduced that his friends feared he would never reach California alive. On arriving in Los Angeles he was able to walk only a few blocks. Going at once on a ranch in the country, his health and strength improved so rapidly that in a short time he could follow a plow all day, and in two years passed a satisfactor}' examination by two medical experts for life insurance. Mr. Howr^' has resided over six years in this land of sun- shine and flowers, and his health is so thor- oughly restored that few business men in Los Angeles do more work than he does. In Janu- ary, 1888, W. K. and C. I). Howry, as the firm )F llowrv liroth' n I STORY OF LOS jXNGELES COUNTY. spice business, in a moderate way, on Banning street. Under Mr. Howry's energetic and ju- dicious management it prospered iVom the start, and soon demanded more commodious quarters. In January, 1889, they moved into the ample rooms they now occupy, which are fitted up with roasting and grinding machinery and other necessary appliances. The business has steadily grown, each month showing an increase over the month previous, until the firm now does nine-tenths of the roasting for tlie city's con- sumption, aggregating 30,000 pounds per month for other merchants. The house enjoys a fine jobbing trade in coffees, teas and spices, it prepares and puts up under its own labels; and as none but the best grades in the market are handled by them, Howry Brothers' goods have attained great popularity. The firm are sole agents on the Pacific Coast for Mrs. Stew- art's liquid bluing, and manufacture large quan- tities of it for the trade. Six men are employed in the business besides Mr. C. D. Howry, who, being the only resident member of the firm, has entire charge of the establishment. fHAl^LES FEEDERICK HOLDEK.^ The ancestors of the subject of this sketch came to America, from England, in 1657. They were among the first of the Friends or Quakers who fled to this country to escape re- ligious persecution so common in the reign of the Georges. The little party of eleven Quak- ers took passage upon the ship VVoodhouse. Five landed in New York, others going to Rhode Island, while Christopher Holder and John Copeland went to Boston, where they were assaulted and imprisoned for avowing their faith, and suflfered jnuch from the bigots of the time. The extent of the indignities heaped upon them, which are chronicled in the records o'f Essex County, can scarcely be be- lieved when it is remembered that the country uNOwedly offered an asylum for those who SdUglit religions freedom. The homestead of the founder of the American branch of the Holder iamily is still in use in Lynn, Massa- chusetts, standing upon Union street, opposite the Friends' burying-ground. It was built about 1690, on what is now the corner of JS'a- liant and Sagamore streets, and was removed in 1855. Here Joseph Bassett Holder, M. D., naturalist and author, was born. His son, Charles Frederick Holder, the subject of this sketch, was born in Lynn, August 5, 1851. Dr. Holder was a friend of Agassiz, the elder, and Prof. Spencer F. Baird, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institute, and in 1859 went to_ Florida at their suggestion to make an extended examination and study of the coral reef and the fauna of the Gulf. The investigations covered a period of seven years, and much of the col- lecting was done by C. F. Holder, who here developed a taste for natural-history studies which shaped his subsequent career. He had the immediate contact with rare natural objects so valuable to a writer, and in later years reaped the benefits of the early association. In 1869 Dr. Holder joined Prof. A. S. Bickmore in the establishment of the American Museum of Natural History at Central Park, New York City, Mr. Holder accepting a position as an assist- ant, thus observing the formation of this institu- tion which ranks but second to-day in the country. At seventeen Mr. Holder was a contributor to natural history periodicals, and year after year increased his work and widened his field. In 1875 he was offered the position of con- sulting naturalist of the New York Aquarium and had charge of the scientific arrangement of the specimens and publications relating to them. Continuing his writing, he did much to create the interest in natural history that began about this time. His efl'orts were mainly directed to interesting young people in natural history and kindred sciences. His. articles appeared in nearly all the periodicals of the day. He also contributed articles on natural history and popu- lar science to the press, weekly and daily, to, the scientific publications of this country and Europe, his articles being frequently translated HItSTVHT OF LOS AJ^OELUS COUNTY. into the Swedish and French languages and published in the magazines of these countries; and it may be said tliat his labors aroused a de- cided interest in this branch oi' science. In 1877 Mr. Holder gave up all other interests and devoted hituself entirely to literary work, con- fining himself in general to his favorite Held, marine zoology. His articles found their way, into almost every publication in the country, from Harper's Monthly to the scientific publi- cations, and he is perhaps the most prolific writer on popular natural history to-day in this country or Europe. His first published work was a text-book on zoology, published in 1885 by D. Appleton tfc Co., New York. This was followed by " Marvels of Animal Life," 1886; "The Ivory King," a popular account of the elephant and its allies, published in 1887 by Charles Scribner's Sons, New York; ''Living Lights," a work on animal phosph jrescence, pub- lished in 1888 by the same firm, this being a subject in which Mr. Holder is particularly interested; "A Frozen Dragon," by Dodd, Mead & Co., New York; a collection of his tales in St. Nicholas and other publications; " A Strange Company," by 1). Lathrop & Co., Boston; and '"Pasadena," by Lee & Shep- pard, Boston. Tlie last three books were written in lS88-'89; the three former have been issued in London by Sampson, Low & Co. In 1886 Mr. Holder came to Southern Cali- fornia and settled in Pasadena, finding renewed health in the place of his choice. Here he has continued his work and has written much regarding the natural history of the region. He has published two books on Pasadena, especially calling attention to its advantages as a health resort; a guide book on Southern Cali- fornia in general, and numerous pamphlets and articles on its resources. His descriptions of the country, its climate and agricultural possi- bilities, find their way into a large number of influential publications. Mr. Holder originated the Pasadena Academy of Sciences, is a trustee of the Pasadena Lil>rary, a school trustee, a member of the Linti;ean Society of New York, and a Fellow of the New York Academy of Sci- ences. While Mr. Holder is a naturalist and a specialist on the subject of animal phosphor- escence, he is best known as a writer of books on natural history subjects for young people, this being the labor of his choice and the work in which he is most interested, in his relig- ious belief he entertains that of the (Orthodox) Society ot Friends, being a member of that church. .^|*-:«j^-^-« — fHARLES F. IIEINZEMxVN is emphati- cally the representative druggist of South- ern California, having been in the busi- ness in Los Angeles twenty-one years. His couimodious store, at No. 122 North Main street, is the most artistic and elegant in its finish and furnishings in this part of the State, if not on the whole Pacific Coast. The ceil- ing and walls are tastefully decorated with fresco painting, and the shelving and counters are of unique and ornate designs in rare finely carved woods, making the whole interior of the place a real work of art and a thing of beauty. In the rear of the ample salesroom, and con- nected by arched aisles, are the laboratory and private office, and back of them a large, well- filled store room, thus giving a completeness to' one of the most attractive drug stores on the continent. Mr. Heinzeman does an extensive retail and prescription business, probably the largest south of San Francisco, in which the services of six men and a boy are required. Mr. Heinzeman was born in Wallmerod, in Cen- tral Germany, in 1841. He received a liberal education and a special training for the drug business in his native land, having attended the chemical school of Dr. Fresenius, one of the most eminent analytical chemists in the world. In 1868 he immigrated to America, and, after a brief stay in New York and San Francisco, came to Los Angeles, embarking at once in his chosen pursuit, and has carried on the business for two decades, o\\ the site of 'his present UI8TURY OF LOd ANGELES COUNTY. Sjilendid new store, built during the season of 18S8. Before leaving Europe, in the year 1868, Mr. Heinzenian was joined in marriage with Miss Antonia Jfreuss, an American lady, born in New Orleans. Three sons and five daughters comprise their family. The two oldest sons, Carl and Edward, are associated with their father in the drug business. — ^ifdl::®^*^ — fOHN EDWAIID HOLLENBECK was born in Hudson, Summit County, Ohio, June 5 1829, where his parents lived until 1845, at which time they moved to Winnebago County, Illinois. Previous to their going West, Edward, or Ed as he was familiarly called, attended the district schools; but after the age of fourteen he had the privilege of school in the winter only, the summer being spent in working on the farm. In his boyhood days he was a favorite with young and old, being possessed of a genial dis- position and generous to a fault, both of which traits followed him through life. One little anecdote will serve to show the strength of his will power and endurance. In the vicinity where he lived the crows were very destructive to corn when first planted in the spring. As soon as it made its appearance above the ground the crows would pull it up, root and blade. In order to get rid of them, the Ijoys in the neigh- borhood joined in hunting their nests, destroy- ing them whenever found. On one occasion, while Ed with several others was trying to dis- lodge a nest, a pole slipped from the hand of one of his comrades, coming down sharpened end first and passing through Ed's left foot, just back of the toes, jjinning him to the ground. Of course the pole had to be pulled out; and the only time he ever shed a tear was after it com- menced healing, when a large boy stepped on it. At the time of the accident he was between thirteen and fourteen years of age. In the spring of 1846, farming not being to his taste, with his father's permission, and with a dollar and a half in his pocket, he started out to make his own way in the world. He worked in different places until he made enough money to take him back to the place of his birth. From there he went to Cuyahoga Falls, only eighteen miles d-istant, where he apprenticed himself to learn the ma- chinist's trade. By faithfulness and industry, he very soon gained tlie respect and approbation of his master. While learning his trade he received $6 per month with which to }iay his board and clothe himself, and yet. from this small amount, he always had money to spare to help others. By close application he became master of his trade in three years, at which time his employers offered to take him into the busi- ness as a partner, but at this time the Califor- nia gold fever was at its height, and he decided to start for the land of gold. He took passage on a sailing vessel, as the expense was less than by steamer, from New Orleans to Aspinwall; but on his arrival there, being too sick to go further, he sold his ticket for California and remained in Aspinwall until he recovered. He then engaged as an engineer on a steamer run- ning up the Chagres Kiver, and afterward ran from Aspinwall and Chagres to Greytown, Nicaragua, and then for a time up the San Juan River. In 1852 or 1853 he engaged in busi- ness in Greytown, furnishing entertainment to travelers, via Transit route, Nicaragua, to Cali- fornia. At Castillo he also established a gen- eral merchandise store and hotel; and at this time made large contracts witii the Transit Company for cutting wood on San Juan Fiiver, for use on steamers. In January, 1854-, he married Elizabeth Hatsfeldt, who survives him and who was in the strictest sense of the word a help-mate, undergoing all the trials and reverses of fortune while in Central America, with cour- age and fortitude, helping at all times without once faltering, and in the accumulation of their fortune did well her part. About 1856 or 1857 Walker, the filibuster, came into the coun- try, and the Costa Ricans made a raid on Castillo. They, the Costa Ricans, took Mr. Hollenback and his faithful wife as pi-isoners and carried them up the San Juan River sotnc ■X -^^^-^^^^^ iii^sTony OF Loa anoeleu county. ten or twelve miles and kept them two weeks under a wood-shed. They were then taken bj the same partj' up the river to Lake Nicaragua, where they were kept for two months. During the time they were prisoners their store, house and goods were burned, and everything they had in the world was gone. Walker was afterward conquered by the Nicaragnans, and tliey were allowed to return. Fiiidingeverythingdestroyed, they concluded to return to the States and see their little son, who had been with his grand- parents in Illinois during these turbulent times. Descending the river to Greytown, they took steamer to Aspinwall, and from there to New York. On their arrival in New York, they learned that their little boy was dead. After spending a few months with their relatives in Illinois and other States, they again returned to Greytown, and Mr. Ilollenbeck engaged as be- fore in general merchandising. While doing business, he bought a riversteamerof the Transit Company, which was at this time somewhat embarrassed and about to suspend business. In the fall of 1800 he and his wife returned to Missouri, intending to make their home there) having closed out their business at Greytown. Soon after arriving in Missouri, leaving his wife at a brother's, Mr. Hollenbeck returned to Grey- town to take a steamer, which he had not disposed of, to Carthagenia, to sell. The steamer being built for river service, was not suitable for open sea service, and the experiment of taking her to Carthagenia proved to be a very hazardous and dangerous one; but after many trials and hair- breadth escapes, he made the voyage, sold the vessel and returned toMissouri. During his ab- sence the civil war had broken out, and npon his return he found there was an embargo laid on travel and business; railroads were torn up and soldiers quartered in every town. So, after traveling one or two hundred miles in an old farm wagon, under many ditKculties, to his brother's, he concluded to again return with his wife to Greytown, and there he went into busi- ness for the fourth time. During this stay in Greytown he did a very large commission busi- ness, having been appointed agent for the Royal Mail steamers, and also for an English mining company. ppir large quantities of Indi;; rubber, Brazil wood, hides, cedar, rose-wood, coffee, indigo, etc. About 1872 the Transit Com- pany again became embarrassed and closed out all its business there; and Mr. Ilollenbeck, in con- nection with three other gentlemen, bought all the property owned there by this company, including all the steamers. In 1874 he and his wife visited Los Angeles, California, which was then booming, in expectaticy of the Southern Pacilic Railroad coming in, and while here he made several purchases of real estate, and de- posited a large sum of money in the Temple &, Workman Bank, and returned to Greytown. In 1874, after varied successes with the Transit Company's property, having lost during his stay there several steamers, one of which he had built in Philadelphia, he closed out all his busi- ness and came to California. Prior to his leaving Nicaragua, that Government appointed him Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States, and on his return he visited Washington, transacting business for that Government in this official capacity. Arriving in Los Angeles early in the spring of 1876, he soon after pur- chased land on the east side of the Los Angeles River, and built what was in those days one of the finest residences in that part of the State, expending many thousands of dollars in im- provements. This was his home until his death, and here his widow still resides. This splendid dwelling stands on Boyle avenue, in the midst of several acres of hig'dy ornamental grounds, upon which neither money nor taste has been spared, the whole comprising one of the most beautiful and elegan^ homes in Southern Cali- fornia. At the time of leaving Nicaragua, Mr. HoUenbeck's health was somewhat broken from at) attack of fever, overwork and long-continued mental strain through a period of years. Some time prior to his arrival in Los Angeles the Temple & Workman Bank had failed, and of the money deposited there some two years before — principal and interest amounting to about r,06 EI8T0RT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. $25,000 — he never received one cent, all being a total loss. In 1878 he became a stockholder in the Commercial Bank of Los Angeles, and was elected its president, which position he held nntil 1881, when he, with others, organized and established the First National Bank, of which he was chosen president, and held the position nntil failing health compelled him to resign. He and his wife then spent a year or^ two in visiting every section of the United States and manj of the countries of Europe. Before and after his return from Europe he purchased real estate, owning at one time 600 acres situated four miles south of the city limits. This tract he improved with fine buildings, and planted a vineyard of 300 acres. He also owned a large tract of land in the San Gabriel Valley, planted with oranges, lemong, and grapes; and 3,500 acres of the La Puente Rancho — a grain and stock ranch. In 1884 he built on the corner of Spring and Second streets, in the city of Los Angeles, the Hollenbeck Block, extending 120 feet on Spring by 240 feet on Second. He at one time was the principal owner of the East Los Angeles and Main and Sixth street horse- car line; and also largely interested in the Hue to Boyle Heights; but had disposed of them some time prior to his death. For five months before his decease he was too feeble to attend to business, and his mind became somewhat im- jjaired, but he was able to be up and about the jjremises, and passed the day and evening of his death quite comfortably. He passed away at nine o'clock on the evening of September 2, 1885. Mr. Hollenbeck was a man of strong character, and was noted for his energy and pub- lic spirit and large-hearted generosity, always assisting every worthy enterprise, and ever will- ing to help those who showed a disposition to litlp themselves. Before his death he made jirovision out of his estate for all of his rela- tives. Mrs. Hollenbeck resides at and presides over the Los Angeles mansion; she is a lady possessed of broad intelligence, quiet demeanor and kindly spirit. The name of Mr. Hollen- beck is held in pleasant remembrance in Los Angeles by all who knew him. He was one of the few men whose character-was not marred nor in any way made worse by the possessioti of wealth. How few there are in this world, when we come to study the matter impartially, who are as thoroughly and disinterestedly g'>od, with riches, as they would have been if they had been poor, or, if, having been poor from the start, -they had always remained so. Riches almost invariably corrode, or in some way unfa- vorably influence even the finest and noblest natures. All who knew Mr. Hollenbeck will agree that the harmony and beauty and amiabil- ity of his character were not, apparently, in the least prejudiced by the possession of wealth. Los Angeles is better materially, socially and morally because he was one of her citizens. Of course this can be said of others of her citizens; would that it could be said of them all; then, ndeed, it would be an ideal city! 1 ^ W. HELLMAN, the senior partner in the |H\ extensive wholesale grocery house of Hell- "^(f'" man, Haas & Co., is not only one of the oldest but one of the most prominent business men of this section of the State, his active busi- ness career in Los Angeles County dating from 1859, when he began as a clerk in the forward- ing and commission house of General P. Banning, in Wilmington. Resigning his position there in 1861, Mr. Hellman engaged up to 1870 in the fancy-goods and stationery business, then closed out and spent a year in Europe. On his return to California he formed a partnership with Jacob Haas and opened a wholesale grocery store. Subsequently Abram Haas and Jacob Baruch became members of the firm. Under a judicious, independent management the career of the hoiise has been one of continued growth and uninterrupted prosperity, until it now holds a commanding position in the business realm of Southern California. Their store and office occupy the two-story and basement brick build ing, comprising Nos. 209 to 212 North Los BISTORT OF LOS ANGBLES COUNTY. Angeles street, each floor being 60x180 feet in area. The firm carries a very large stock of evei'}'thing in the line of staple and fancy gro- ceries, tobaccos and cigars, drugs and liqnors. They are among the grocery hmises one of the largest importers of teas on the Pacific Coast, and are the sole agents for Southern California for the celebrated Blue Point oysters, Highland corn. Imperial pure spices, and Strattan & Strong's brands of cigars. Forty men are em- ployed to transact the business of the establish- ment, which extends over Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and as far as El Paso, Texas. Over $500,000 capital is invested, and the sales amount to riiillions of dollars a year. Mr. Hellman is a native of Southern Germany, and was born in lS-i3. At fifteen years of age he came to America, and his entire active busi- ness life has been passed in Los Angeles County. tICIIARD N. LOUCKS, one of the repre- sentative business men of the thriving and progressive city of Pomona, is a dealer in books, stationery, toys, etc., and has one of the best appointed and most complete stocks of goods in his line of business in the city. He came to Pomona in 1882, and was employed as a clerk in the store of E. J. Vanter, located on the corner of Second and Gordon streets, the site now occupied by his present establishment. He was thus employed until early in 1884, and then took the position of assistant book-keeper foi' the extensive lumber firm of Kerchoff & Cuzner until lie entered into business, succeed- ing R. S. Bessett in that year. Mr. Loucks was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in 1848, and was there reared and educated. At the age of sixteen years he entered the military service of the Confederate States, and gallantly battled for his native State until captured by the Union troops just before the fall of Mobile. This ended his military service, and at the close of the war he returned to his home, where he remained until 1882, when he came to California and made Pomona his home. He is an enterprising and energetic man, winning his way to success in his business by sound business principles and honorable dealings, and gaining the respect of his associates. He is thoroughly American, and, though a soldier in a lost cause, accepted the results of the war and is now a strong be- liever in and a supporter of an undivided union of the United States. In political matters he is a Democrat. He is a member of the Pomona Board of Trade, and is an active worker in ad- vancing such enterprises as will redound to the benefit of his chosen city. He is also a mem- ber of Etna Lodge, No. 107, Knights of Py- thias, of Pomona. In 1872 Mr. Loucks married Miss Ida B. Roberts, a native of Louisiana. Siie died in 1880, leaving three children : George Roberts, Frank Henry and Sylvester Day. His second marriage was in 1885, to Miss Cora Cromer, a native of Indiana. From this union there is one child, Richard Frederick. ALBERT H. HOYT is one of the California ffi| pioneers of 1849, and for more than thirty- ^1^ five years has been a resident of Los An- geles County, closely identified with its marvelous growth and prosperity. He is a native of New birth in Orange County, in York, dating 1830. His father. Rev. Albert Hoyt, of the Episcopal ChtH-eh, was also born in New York, and was a descendant of an old family in Con- necticut. His mother, whose maiden name was Gertrude Lawrence, was from one of the promi- nent families of New York. Mr. Hoyt's father died in 1831, leaving hiin to the care of his mother, by whom he was reared and educated. He finished his studies at Rutger's College in New Brunswick, New Jersey. He then engaged ill teaching. The California gold fever of 1848 and 1849 swept over the country and claimed him as a victim. In February, 1849, he em- barked on board the bark Clarisa Perkins, for the Golden State. He was one of a company of 120 men wiio had cliartered that vessel for a HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. voyage around Gape Horn to San Francisco. The vessel left New York Harbor February 6, 1849, and it was not until September 16 that they ebtered tlie Golden Gate of San Francisco Harbor. Soon after his arrival in that city, Mr. Hoyt sought iiis fortunes in the mines on the American River, wiiere he remained for about six months. Not meeting with the de- sired success or reaping a rich harvest from his labors, he returned to Sacramento, and tlien located in Solano County, where he engaged in farming, continuing there until 1853. In the latter year his mother, coming from the East, joined him at Benicia, and tliey came to Los Angeles at once. He located in the San Gabriel Valley at El Monte, in 1854, and she remained in Los Angeles, teaeliing. There he purchased seventy-three acres of land lying just south of the village. In addition to conducting agricult- ural pursuits upon his farm he also engaged as a teacher in the school at El Monte, and in the year 1855 taught in Los Angeles. In 1856 his sister, who was also a teacher, joined her mother in Los Angeles, and for many years they were prominently identified with the schools of that city. His mother died in Los Angeles in 1863. As Mr. Hoyt cleared his land and brought his acres under cultivation, he abandoned his calling as a teacher and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. Excepting about two acres, compris- ing a family orchard, he has devoted his land to hay, grain and stock. Alfalfa is grown without irrigation, yielding six or seven crops each year, and averaging ten tons per acre per annum. Mr. Hoyt has some fine specimens of Guernsey cat- tle. The subject of this sketch is well and favor- ably known throughout the San Gabriel Valley and other sections of the county. He was one of those men who, in the earlier days, identified themselves with the best elements and enter- prises of the section, strongly supporting the establishment and maintenance of schools, etc. He has a large circle of friends and acquaint- ances by whom he is respected and esteemed. Politically he is an Independent. During the dark days of the Rebellion he was a strong Union man, and a supporter of the Republican admin- istration. Mr. Hoyt is unmarried, a hale and hearty man of nearly sixty years. He makes books his companions and solace when not en- gaged in the active pursuits of lite. In con- nection with the life-history of this pioneer, it may not be out of place to state that El Monte was the first American settlement in Los Angeles County. '^■^■^ fF. HOLBROOK, manufacturer of pipe. No. 43 Vine street, Los Angeles, was born in " Adams County, Indiana, July 21, 1846, a son of Nicholas and Mary (Wehfel) Holbrook. During his boyhood he attended school at Fort Wayne, Indiana, and learned his trade at the same place. Then he went to Pittsburg and worked at his trade until 1868, and the follow- ing year came to California, reaching San Fran- cisco in the fall of 1869. He went to San Jose and was there two years. Returned to San Francisco and resided there uutil in the spring of 1873, when he came to Los Angeles for Bar- ber & Regan to supervise the manufacture of fourteen miles of iron pipe for Cerro Gordo. During the following year he engaged in busi- ness with Charles E. Miles in the manufacture of water pipe. They took the contract to manu- facture three miles of pipe for the Indiana Colony, now Pasadena. In 1875 Mr. Holbrook bought out his partner's interest, and since then has been sole proprietor of the business. He is the oldest pipe manufacturer in Southern Cali- fornia. His shops are 70x100 feet in ground area, giving employ metit in the busy season to twenty and twenty-five hands. He also has large shops at Colton, where he employs thirty- five to fifty hands. He has put in seven miles of pipe twenty-four inches in diameter; has manufactured over 150 miles of various sizes since he started in business. In 1883 he organ- ized the Union Iron "Wurks, carried it on for three years, and sold to the present owner. Since then he has devoted his whole attention HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. to tlie development of his business. Mr. IIol- brook was married January 1, 1874, to Miss Lora M. Commons, a native of Jefferson County, Missouri. They have three children : Fred W., Racine and Charles E. They lost one daughter, Jessie. tAYDEX & LEWIS COMrANY, manu- factuiers of and jobbers in saddlery, saddlery hardware, carriage trimmings, harness, shoe leather, etc., 123 and 125 Los An- geles street, Los Angeles. The business of this company, established in 1884, entitles it to con- spicuous mention among the commercial and industrial interests of Los Angeles. They do a large wholesale business, their store and offices occupying three floors with a frontage of forty feet, by 100 feet deep. They have eight to ten men connected with the bouse, and several traveling salesmen represent the interests of the house on the road. The business of the com- pany has grown very rapidly, and the volume of its trade is enormous, the sales aggregating over $1,000,000 annually, and extending over South- ern California, Arizona and New Mexico. It is needless to say, as their goods are received from their own factories, that it gives them un- surpassed facilities and enables tiiem to offer superior inducements to the trade. The officers of the company are: S. B. Lewis, President and Manager; Palmer Bigelow, Secretary and Treas- urer; and C. H. Allen, Vice-President. Mr. Lewis, the president and manager of the com- pany, is a native of Peimsylvania, born July 30, 1834, and received his education in his native State. After reaching manhood he spent three years in Iowa. In 1860 he went to Chi- cago and entered the employ of Hayden & Kay, the leading saddlery and hardware house of the Northwest, and remained with this house eleven years. He then engaged in business for himself, and became a member of the firm of Ortmayer, Lewis & Co. This firm carried on an extensive trade for twelve years, when Mr. Lewis with- diew and established the business of the Hay- den & Lewis Company in Los Angeles. There are few men in the trade who have had such a large practical experience in all the details of the business. Mr. Lewis has been unanimously elected president of the board of trade of Los Angeles. Previous to his election he had served four years on the board of directors. He is actively identified with all the public industries of the city. ^-^B--^ fOHN HANLON, contractor, Los Angeles, came to this city first in 1869, but remained only a short time, and then went to San Diego, where he was engaged in contracting for many years. In 1881 he came to Los Angeles and established his present business, and during this time he has erected some of the best and most substantial blocks and residences in Los Angeles. One of the heaviest contracts he has taken is for building the new City Hall, which is being erected during the present year. He employs thirty to forty hands, and is a practical workman of large experience, and gives his per- sonal attention to every department of the work. PENJAMIN HAY'MAN, wholesale and re- tail dealer in fine carriages, spring and farm wagons, 8 and 10 North Los An- geles street, Los Angeles, was born in England, November 5, 1844, and there attended school and served an apprenticeship 'to the blacksmith trade. Soon after reaching his majority he came to America, in 1869, and on to California the same year. After living in San Francisco two years, he went to Navarro River, Mendocino County, where he remained five years, and then came to Los Angeles in 1876, and engaged in general blacksmithing and wagon manufacturing on Aliso street. He carried on the bu.^iness there for ten years, then gave up manufacturing and began dealing in ready-made work, import- HISTORY OF LOS ANQELBS COUNTY. ing all kinds of light carriage work, spring and farm wagons, etc. In 1888 he opened iiis re- pository on Los Angeles street, carrying a stock of line carriages and wagons of all descriptions, and has large, commodious rooms, with good facilities to accommodate his trade. His long practical experience, and fair, iionorahle dealing, have secured a good trade. He has a large store-house on Aliso street. In 1863 Mr. Hay- man married Miss Rebecca M. Pears, a native of Devenport, England. Tiiey have four chil- dren: Benjamin, born in England, and William R., Bessie M. and Harry L., born in California. They lost one daughter, Mary Ann, aged twenty years and eight months, born in Devenport, England. irSAIAS WILLIAM HELLMAN is a native f I of Bavaria, Germany, where he was born •^ October 1, 1842. He came to California in 1859, via the Isthmus. He first engaged in clerking in the dry-goods business, in the xlrca- dia Block, on Los Angeles street, Los Angeles, which at that period was the central business portion of the town. Afterward the business was moved to Main street, on the site where the Farmers and Merchants' Bank is now located. In July, 1868, in connection with Mr. F. P. F. Temple, also an early pioneer of 1841, and a wealthy ranchero, and Mr. William Workman, Mr. Hellman started the banking liouse of Hell- man, Temple & Co., of which he became the manager. Three years later, in 1871, the Farmers and Merchants' Bank was incorporated, of which Mr. Hellman was cashier and manager; and, except for a brief period after its first organization, he has been continuously both president and manager. The Farmers and Mer- chants' Bank of Los Angeles is one of the most solid and substantial banking ' institutions of California, or of the country. Mr. Hellman has, not inaptly, been termed "a born banker." He has the true instincts of a banker and finan- cier. He holds that the money deposited with him, or with a bank in the management of which he is in any wise responsible, is a sacred trust; and that whenever called for, no matter what happens, it must be forthcoming. In his long and extensive banking experience in Southern California, he has fully lived up to this maxim, and he has had tiie sagacity to see that this very principle, if strictly lived up to, at whatever cost, ultimately, by an admirable law of com- pensation, redounds to the credit and advantage of him who acts in accordance with it. He intuitively sees that by associating with himself men who have capital, as well as sound business sense; who, as well as himself, have besides large holdings of property, in city and county; in other words by undertaking banking with sufficient instead of insufficient capital, he there- by takes the first step toward inspiring confi- dence; and then, like the wise mariner who in fair weather never forgets that storms may come, Mr. Hellman holds that the true banker should conduct his business in "good times" in such a way as to be prepared for " bad times " when they come; and then when they do come, as come they must, first or last, as do storms at sea, he will be prepared for them; and being thus prepared he cannot well be taken by sur- prise. Although the National banking law only requires the carrying of a cash reserve of twenty-five per cent, of deposits, Mr. Hellman holds that safe banking requires that the cash reserve should not fall below fifty per cent.; and then if loans are judiciously made, stockholders and officers of the bank, as well as depositors, can all feel secure that their funds will be safe whether the weather be fair or dark storms lower. Some of the statements of the Farmers and Merchants' Bank are remarkable as showing its financial strength and impregnable attitude under Mr. Hellman's conservative management. The one made December 31, 1888, will serve as a sample: the total cash assets were $2,911,- 810, or counting Government bonds as cash — $182,787— the total assets were $3,094,597. The deposits were .$4,300,000, showing a reserve cash fund of nearly seventy-two per cent, of the IIISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY . total deposits, and yet tlie bank had at tlie same time loans out for over $2,400,000. A bank that can make such a showing as that ought to be prepared for almost any kind of a financial storm. Mr. Hellman is one of the regents of the State University. At the present time he is absent with his family on a visit in Europe. April 4, 1870, Mr. Hellman married Miss Esther Newgass, of New York, by whom he has three children, — one son and two daughters. --^^^ t^'^^ 1^ W. HAMMERTON was born in England, ^^ May 23, 1S32. He is a son of "William ■^Ijo and Elizabeth (Cutter) Hammerton. The mother was of English origin and the father of Irish. William Hammerton was born in 1800, had a family of three sons and four daughters, and died in 1880. His wife was educated at a boarding school in England. His father having been a brick-maker by trade, the subject of this sketch was reared in a brick-yard, and had very poor educational advantages; but by his wide observation and travel he has gained a practical education, and his library is one that many, who have had a higher education, might be proud of He came to America in 1850, landing in New York. The vessel which brought him to this favored land was the Andrew Foster, and the voyage consumed si.x weeks. He worked on a farm and also at the blacksmith's trade for about a year and a half, then spent one winter in Will County, Illinois, and in 1853 he started for California. After reaching St. Louis, .he determined to wait another year. From St. Louis he went to Alton, Illinois, and from there to Brighton, where he was engaged as a brick- layer. He also worked at this trade two years in Sangamon County. In March, 1856, he went to Texas, and in 1857 crossed the plains, with ox teams, to California. He arrived at Fort Buchanan, now Camp Critenden, and drove team for the Government for several months. About the 25th of June, 1858, he arrived in Los Angeles Countv. In 18()() he went to Tulare County, and after a year spent thei-e he married Miss Orpah J. McCollough, a native of Texas. She is the daughter of Robert and Isabella (Shelby) McCollough. Her father was born in Alabama, and her mother in Missouri. They lived in Texas sixteen years, and subsequently went to Tulare County, where they have since lived. Mr. Hammerton moved to El Monte, where he resided one year. In 1862 he went to the mountains on Tahnnga River, and in 1868-'64 lived just south of where Florence is now located. In November of the latter year he bought sixty-seven acres of land near Downey. He is one of the true pioneers. He erected the first brick house as a residence in this part of the county. His family consists of eleven chil- dren whose names are as follows: Julia, Fran- ces, Charles, Mary, Orpha, John, James, Rosetta (whodied in infancy), Sarah, William and Martha. Socially, Mr. Hammerton is an I. O. O. ¥., and he at present holds the office of D. D. G. P., of District 28. Mrs. Hammerton is one of the Rebeccas. Politically Mr. Hammerton is a Republican, and is practically a self-made man. ^,ENRY HAMILTON.— The subject of this f^ sketch has been connected with the news- "^l paper history of Los Angeles City. Mr. Hamilton is a native of Ireland, his birth place being the city of Londonderry. Early in life he was apprenticed as a printer, an occupation which he followed for many years. In 1848 he emigrated to the United States and engaged in his calling until the next year when the "California fever" induced .him to seek his fortunes in the new El Dorado of the Pacific Coast. In March of that year he left New York for the Golden State, coming via New Orleans, thence to Vera Cruz and across Mexico to Ma- zatlan, and from there by vessel to San Fran- cisco. Upon his arrival he proceeded to the mines and for the next year or more was en- gaged in mining on the American River and other places. Not meeting witli the desired niSrORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. success, he decided to turn his attention to other pursuits, and in 1850 he returned to San Francisco. He was there employed in tiie office of the Public Balance, one of the first papers established in that city. Tiie next year he was a part owner of that paper. In 1851 lie located at Mokelumne Hill, and in connection with J. J. Ayers — who at present writing (1889) is the proprietor of the Los Angeles Herald — estab- lished the Calaveras Chronicle. He conducted that paper until 1854, and then returned to San Francisco and for the following year was en- gaged in job printing in the San Francisco Mer- cantile Job Printing Office on Sansome street. In 1855 he made an extended tour through Southern California, and early in the following year purchased the Los Angeles Star. As the sole propiietor and editor Mr. Hamilton de- voted his talents and business principles to his work and the Star soon ranked as the leading paper of Los Angeles Connty and of Southern California. As a sound Democrat he took a lead in the politics of the country, ever working for the best interests of his party. In 1863 he was elected as the State Senator of his district and served as such in 1863 and 1864. In 1864 Mr. Hamilton suspended the publica- tion of his paper and went to Arizona, where he was engaged in various enterprises until 1866, when he visited the Sandwich Islands, re- turning the next year to Los Angeles. In 1868 he resumed the publication of the Star and con- tinued the same until 1872, when he sold his newspaper interests to Ben. C. Truman, and took up his residence in San Gabriel. There he purchased land and engaged in horticultural pursuits. To this calling Mr. Hamilton has since devoted his attention and has been suc- cessful in his enterprise. He is the owner of a rich tract of land located just southwest of the San Gabriel Mission, which is under a high state of cultivation and improvement. Ten acres are devoted to citrus fruits, producing the most approved varieties of seedling and budded oranges and lemons. Of deciduous fruits he has such as are desired for family u.^e. He is using fifteen acres of his land for vine culture, producing wine grapes of the Mission, Berger and Blauelba varieties. His land is well sup- plied with water for irrigation purposes from the San Gabriel Ditch. Mr. Hamilton has gained a large circle of friends in Los Angeles County and is an esteemed and respected citi- zen. He has for several years served as a jus- tice of the peace in San Gabriel Township. For many years he was prominent in the Masonic circles of the ccuinty. f A.HAMILTON, engineer and repair- man of the pumping department of the ® Pacific Coast Oil Company, was born in Clinton County, Indiana, in 1843. His father, John Hamilton, was a farmer by occupation, and a native of Ohio. The subject of this brief sketch entered the army at the age of seventeen years. He enlisted in Company E, Fifteenth Indiana Volunteers; subsequently re- cruited a company and was Second Lieutenant in Company M, Eleventh Indiana Cavalry, and was afterward promoted to Captain. There is a beautiful romance connected with his mar- riage, which took place on the battle-field of Stone River, in 1862. The lady of his choice was Miss Francelia Bean, and by her he had only one child, "W. S. Hamilton, now of Chi- cago, an employe of the Northwestern Rail- road. Mrs. Hamilton died eleven years ago, and Mr. Hamilton has never married again. He is a trusted and respected employe of the Oil Company, and socially is connected with the G. A. R. and the A. O. U. W. ^^^ his tENRY HASKIN, in connection witl son, E. C. Haskin, is one of the success- ful dairymen of Los Angeles County, and owns a fine tract of 130 acres of land twelve miles south of Los Angeles and two and one-half miles west of Comptoi., on the Telephone road to HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. Wilmington. Tliis was all wild land at the time it was purchased by him in 1874. A neat and attractive residence, the orchard, the long rows of evergreen trees, together with the fields (lotted over witli cattle, all go to make a pleas- ing picture and to show what has been accom- plished by him in a period of fifteen years. Mr. Ilaskin was born in the Empire State, and in 1841 went to Indiana, where he remained till 1862. At that time he went to Chicago and engaged in the salt trade. In 18G8 he ?eft the city and turned his face toward the setting sun, stopping for a number of years in Colorado where he engaged in mining and prospecting. Here he continued up to the time of his advent in Los Angeles County. The subject of this sketch was married in Indiana in 1843 to Miss Maria Billings. This lady was a native of New "i ork State, an earnest Christian worker, and a woman beloved by all who knew her. She died in December, 1888. They reared a family of four children: E. C, William H., L. P. and Fanny M. Mr. Haskin is one of the stanch supporters of the principles of Republicanism. --^€(i"®»'^ — HAMILTON, proprietor of the East Side Pottery, Wells street, East Los Angeles, was born in Brown County Illinois, February 22, 1883. When only six- teen years old he went upon the Mississippi lliver, and when nineteen years of age he started overland to California by ox tea.ns and was between four and five months on the way. He was in Oregon and served under General Joseph Lane during the Rogue River Indian War, and was in San Francisco in 1850, during the "Vigilants" troubles. Then he returned East, to New York and Minnesota. After the breaking out of the war he enlisted in the First Minnesota Regiment and served two years; was at the surrender of Lee. After the war he returned to Minnesota, and in 1875 came to Los Angeles and established the As- bestine Stone Works; made the first cement pipe that was made in Southern California; also invented the system of sub-irrigation, of the Asbestine and continuous cement pipe machine. He established his present business in 1884. His pottery is located in East Los Angeles, where every convenience is provided to carry on the general operations of trade. He drives an extensive business in the m mufacture of fire brick, hollow brick, drain tile, sewer and water pipe, jugs, stone- ware, terra cotta, flower pots and ornamental vase work of all kinds. He has doubled the capacity of his works and employs from ten to fifteen hands during the busy season. He owns his clay mines, and his buildings cover about an acre of ground. He has a large practical experience, and gives his personal attention to all the details of his busi- ness. He is a highly respected citizen. He owns a valuable property of eight acres where he now resides, on the East Side, and Iiis resi- dence is the fifth or sixth house built in East Los Angeles. He has served two terms in the Los Angeles city c.nincil. Mr. Hamilton was married April 21, 1867, to Miss Harriet Mof- fett, a native of Illinois, and daughter of Judge Mofiett, of that State. They have four son"^: Fred M., Eugene, Luster, and Truman. 1^ B. HARRIS, a farmer on part of the 1^ Temple and Gibson tract of the San Pe- ■-W® dro Ranch, is a pioneer of 1881. He makes a specialty of fine horses and cattle, and also raises hay and fruit, having a tine orchard, principally of apples and Bartlett j)ears. This gentleman is one of the farmers of whom Los Angeles County should be proud. He is a native of England, and possesses the push, en- ergy and enterprise so characteristic of the true Englishman. Mr. Harris was born in Corn- wall, England, in 1846, and is the son of Charles Vivian Harris, who was a butcher, wholesale and retail— the wholesale market was in London. Coming to California first in 1866, Mr. Harris worked in the mines at Soulsbyville, and later EI STORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. went to San Joaquin Connty, pxirchasing land near Lockelbrd. This lie gold soon after and went to his home across the sea, remaining two and one-half years, and again embarking for the "Land of the Free." iVfter landing he worked in a saw-mill at Soinersville, California, then went to the mines at Marklee, and later engaged in farming in San Joaquin Countj', where, for ten years, he raised wheat. He was married at Harmony Grove parsonage in San Joaquin County, to Miss Aniie Tetheway, a native, also, of England. By her he has two children: Minnie and Addie. Mr. and Mrs. Harris are both highly esteemed members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has at various times held offices of prominence and trust. Politically he votes the Prohibition ticket. Mr. Harris is a loyal, honest, enter- prising man, and enjoys the confidence and re- si>ect of all who know him. ^-6^-'^ fDWARD M. HASKELL.— The subject of this sketch is the proprietor of the only general merchandise store located at Glad- stone. He is also the postmaster at that place. This store was established by him in 1882, and he has since conducted it. His appointment as postmaster was in 1885. Mr. Haskell is a native of New England, dating his birth in Penobscot County, Maine, in 1852. His parents, N. Ben- nett and Hannah (Shorey) Haskell, were both natives of that State and descendants from old families. When about six years of age his father moved to Steuben County, New York, where the subject of this sketch was reared until eleven years old. He then returned to Westbrook, Maine, and entered the Westbrook Seminary, devoting the next si'x years in study at that institution. In 18G9 he joined his father in Huron County, Michigan. His father was largely engaged in business pursuits in that county — lumbering, manufacturing salt, and general mercantile business. Mr. ILiskell was ^mployed as a clerk by his father, and later attended the Commercial College at Detroit. After graduating there he located in Juneau County, Wisconsin, and for a year or more was en- gaged in teaching school, after which he entered the employ of the Shorey Brothers, and had charge of their lumber goods at Princeton, Iowa. In 1875 he came with his uncle, Charles Storey, to Los Angeles County, California, and was em- ployed by him as a clerk in his store at Glad- stone until 1877. He then purchased land just north of Covina and for the next two years engaged in agricultural pursuits. Not suited with a farmer's life, in 1879 he went to Inyo County, and there engaged in mining, and also clerked in a mercantile establishment, remain- ing until 1882, when he returned to Los Ange- les County and established his present business. Mr. Haskell has considerable real-estate interests in his section, among which is an eighteen-acre tract of land on the old San Bernardino road, three miles south of Azusa; his business prop- erty in Gladstone, and also a fine cottage resi- dence on Buena Vista avenue, in Glendora. He is a progressive citizen, and a supporter of such enterprises as will aid in the development of his section. He is a member of Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows. In 1885 Mr. Has- kell returned East, and while there married Miss Dollie Rowles, the daughter of Captain Nathan Rowles, a veteran of the late civil war, and the mayor of the city of Bellaire, Belmont County, Ohio. Mrs. Haskell is a native of that place. From this marriage there are two children: Charles G. and an infant son. -€*>H- fONVERS HOWE.— One of the oldest mercantile establishments in the city of Pomona is that owned by the above-named gentleman. His large and well-appointed dry- goods and furnishing-goods store is on Second street, near the corner of Gordon street. His first business venture in Pomona was in 1882, when he entered into the merchandise business with Edward Evey, under the firm name of C. HISTORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Howe & Co. This partnership was continued for less than a year, when Mr. Howe, by the purchase of his partner's interest, became tlie sole proprietor of the business, which he has since so successfully conducted. As one of Pomona's leading and representative business men, a sketch of Mr. Howe's life is of interest in the history of the county. He is a native of Muskingum County, Ohio, and dates his birth from 1838. His father, John M. Howe, a native of Vermont, was a man of high in- tellectual attainments and education; was the ' principal of t!ie McTntire Acaiiemy at Zanes- vilie, Ohio, for a long time. His mother, Mary E. West, was a native of New York, a descend- ant of one of the oldest families of the Empire State. Mr. Howe was reared and schooled in his native place until 1852. He then started with Iiis mother for California to join his father, who had preceded them to this State in 181:9. His mother was destined never to com- plete the voyage. She died at sea between Acapulco and San Francisco, January 1, 1853, a victim of cholera, that terrible scourge of the Isthmus route in the early '50's. Mr. Howe joined his father at Sacramento and commenced life as a clerk in a store. In 1855 he com- menced teaching in public schools, and was for several years engaged as a teacher in Sacra- mento. At this time, although yet a minor, he took a great interest in politics and was a strong supporter of the principles advocated by the newly formed Republican party. In 1850 he was the sergeant-at-arms of the first Republi- can State Convention ever held in California, and in 1861 he organized the Republican party in Lake County, and was sent as their delegate to the State Convention held at Sacramento. In that same year he was appointed a clerk in the postoffice at Sacramento, which position he held until tiie spring of 1864. He then went East and entered the United States military service as a private in the Fifteenth Regiment of Connecticut Infantry. His regiment was stationed at Newbern, North Carolina. In Oc- tober of that year Mr. Howe was stricken with yellow fever, and was confined to the hospital for weeks. Upon his recovery he rejoined his command, and in March, while his regiment and other commands were on their way to open cominutiication with Greneral Sherman's army at Raleigh, he was captured by the Confederate forces and sent as a prisioner of war to Libby Prison at Richmond. Just before the Con- federates evacuated that city Mr. Howe was paroled, and after Lee's surrender was ex- changed and ordered to the front. While en route to rejoin his command he was taken sick and placed in the hospital at Fortress Monroe. He was honorably discharged from the service at the close of tlie war, in June, 1865, and in the fall of that year returned to California, and entered the employ of the Central Pacific Rail- road Company, as their agent at Freeport. From there he went to Sacramento, where he engaged in trucking for the Central Pacific Railroad Company, and finally as a book-keeper for the firm of Hooker & Co. In 1867 Mr. Howe resumed his occupation as a teacher, and was engaged in Sacramento County until 1868, when he went to Alameda County, where he was appointed the principal of the San Leandro Grammar School, and afterward of the Alameda Grammar School, until 1872. Tlien became to Los Angeles County and located at Westmin- ster, where he purchased eighty acres of land and engaged in farming. He also taught school in that vicinity. In 1877 he established him- self in mercantile pursuits at Garden Grove, and conducted a general merchandise store at that place until 1882, when he moved to Po- mona and established his present business. As a progressive and enterprising citizen Mr. Howe has been identified with the building up of Pomona, and is a supporter of such enter- prises as develop the wonderful resources of the San Jose Valley. He is an active member of the Pomona Board of Trade, and president of the. Pomona Board of Education, taking a deep interest in the school system of the city. A hearty sujjporter of churches, he is a trustee of the First j'resbyterian Church. He is a mem- uisTonr OF los anoeles county. her and the former Post Commander of Vicks- burg Post, No. 61, G. A. P., of Pomona. In political matters he is a life-long Pepublican, and has ever taken an active part as a worker in the ranks of that party. "With the exception of 1884 he has been a delegate to every Pe- publican county convention held in Los An- geles County since 1872. In 1869 Mr. Howe was united in marriage with Miss UTiion Au- gusta Clawiter, a native of Alameda County. Her father, Edward Clawiter, was a native of Berlin, Germany, who came to California in 1846. Her mother, Mary Gadding, was a na- tive of Hamburg. They have four children: Pobert C, Edward C, Walter C. and Lonis P. '^-^■^ tADCLIFFE F. HOUSE, one of the promi- nent and progressive business men of Po- mona, is engaged in the real estate and insurance business on Second street, next to Brewer's Hotel. Mr. House was born in Had- dam Neck, Connecticnt, in 1848, and is the son of Chauncey B. and Jane (Forbes) House. He was reared in his native place until fourteen years of age, when his restless and roving dis- position prompted him to seek his fortune in the world at large. The ojiposition of his father (liis mother died in 1860) to this project did not restrain him, and he ran away from home and entered upon a seafaring life as a common sailor upon vessels engaged in the Atlantic coasting trade. In 1866, when but eighteen years of age, he came by steamer to San Francisco. Soon he secured employment as a hrakeman upon the Central Pacific Pailroad, making liis resi- dence at Sacramento. He soon showed his capabilities in railroading, and after nine months' service as a hrakeman was promoted to con- ductor. Mr. House remained in the employ of the railroad until 1876, tlie latter portion oi his service being on the Southern Pacific Eoad, with headquarters at Los Angeles. In the latter year he purchased land in the San Jose Valley, in what is now the city of Pomona and the home of Murchison, and engaged in fruit cultivation. When he first settled in the valley there were but a few families where now stands a thriving city. As the population increased and the de- mand for business enterprises arose, he estab- lished his present business, first in 1882, under the firm name of House & Thomas, and then as House, Thomas & Dreher; but since 1887 he has conducted the enterprise alone. In business he lias been successful, and has done much in adding to the prosperity of his chosen city. Politically he is a stanch Republican, and in 1883 and 1884 was a deputy sheriflf of Los Angeles County, and for the six years preced- ing 1888 was a school director. He is promi- nent in Masonic circles, being a member of Pomona Lodge, No. 246; of Signet Chapter, No. 57, and Ca3ur de Lion Commandery, No. y, Knights Templar, of Los Angeles. He is also a member of Capital Lodge, No. 86, I. O. O. F., of Sacramento, and of ^tna Lodge, No. 107, Knights of Pythias, of Pomona. Mr. House, in 1887, built himself a beautiful cottage residence on Ellen street, upon his orchard property, sur- rounding the same with orchard grounds. He is also engaged in orange culture. His thorough and systematic cultivation, which he is able to give from his long experience in the business, has produced results almost marvelous, and has tended to convince even the most skeptical that wonderful riches are lying dormant in the soil of the San Jose Valley. In 1870 Mr. House was united in marriage with Miss Florence J. McCullough, the daughter of George McCul- lough, a native of Scotland. Mrs. House is a native of Illinois. They have had but one child, born July 21, 1871, and died February 21, 1874. fOHN T. HADDOX.— Among the mer- chants of El Monte is the subject of this sketch, whose well-appointed store is cen- trally located in that town. His establishment is well fitted and stocked as a representative country store, dealing in dry-goods, groceries, , HISTORY. OF LOS ANQBLES COUNTY. boots, slioes, clothing, hardware, drugs and agri- cultural implements, and is well patronized by the community in which he resides. Mr. Had- dox also combines the real-estate and insurance business with his enterprise, and is the agent of E. J. Baldwin in his land sales in that section. A brief resume of his life and association with the industries of the San Gabriel Valley is as follows: He is a native of Hancock Oouiity, Ohio, dating his birth in 1858. His father, Jacob Haddo.>:, .vas a native of that State, but a descendant of an old family of Virginia, who devoted himself to mercantile pursuits. Mr. Haddox lived in iiis native county until 1868, when his father moved to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where the subject of this sketch received a good common-school and academic education, and also received his early training in mercantile pursuits. In 1876 he started in life for him- self, seeking the Golden State as the scene of his operations. Upon his arrival in California he located at El Monte, where for about a year ho engaged in farming with his cousin, William Haddox, after which he rented land from Nicho- las Smith, about a mile east of town, and engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1881. He then established himself in mercantile business in El Monte in partnership with Charles M. Bell, under the firm name of Bell & Haddox. This enterprise was successfully conducted until 1885, when he sold out his interest to Mr. Langstadter and established his present business. He has also ten acres of land located in the Temple school district, which he is devoting to vegetable cultivation, besides 210 acres near Fort Yuma, in Arizona. Mr. Haddox is a progressive and enterprising citizen, who by his energy and firm business principles has secured success in his various enterprises, and one who is ever ready to aid such projects and movements as will build up the section in which he has cast his lot. He is a strong Republican in politics, and a worker in the ranks of his party, having been a delegate in many of the Republican county conventions. In 18S1 ho was appointed postmaster of Et Monte, a |.i.,sition he l.cM uiiLiI lSS7. Ilui.s serving his second term as a justice of the peace, first elected in 1881, and later in 1888. He is a member of El Monte Lodge, No. 104, F. & A. M. In 1886 Mr. Haddox was united in marriage with Miss Victoria Mayes, the daugh- ter of the late Dr. Thomas A Mayes, one of the pioneer physicians of Los Angeles County and a resident of El Monte at the time of his death. Her mother, Mary (King) Mayes, is still a resi- dent of that place. By this marriage there is OTie child, Dorothea. Mr. Haddox's mother, nee Elizabeth Smith, was a native of Ohio. She died when he was three years old. fEORGE R. JOHNSON.— Among the rep- resentative and enterprising business men of Monrovia is the subject of this sketch. He is the senior member of the firm of Johnson & Parker, dealers in staple and fancy groceries, crockery, glassware, etc. The well-equipped store of this firm is located on the corner of Ivy avenue, opposite the Grand View Hotel. It is one of the oldest business houses in Monrovia, and was established by the present proprietors April 1, 1887. The firm are the owners of the two-story building occupied by them. It contains two stores on the first floor, and residence and office rooms in the second story. This building was erected in the spring of 1887. Mr. Johnson was born in liockford, Illinois, in 1859. His father, Hobert J. Johnson, was a native of New York, and a farmer by profession. His mother, Charlotte L. Johnson, was born in Connecticut. Mr. Johnson was reared as a farmer and was educated 'n the public schools of Rockford, and later graduated at the Rockford Business Col- lege. At the age of twenty-one years he en- tered into mercantile pursuits in Rockford in a general merchandise store, which he conducted until February, 1883. He then engaged as a trav- eling agent for the Elder Publishing Company, of Chicago, and continued that occupation until 1886. In November of that year lie came to Los Angeli's Cmnly. and \ovMr,\ in tlir city «>f HI STOUT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Los Angeles, remaining there until the follow- ing spring, when he came to Monrovia and es- tablished his present business. Mr. Johnson is an enterprising and progressive citizen and a trained business man, and is closely identified with the building up of Monrovia. He is well known and respected; is a consistent membcrof the Methodist Church; has for the past ten jears been an active member of the Young Men's Christian Association, and is vice-president of the association in Monrovia. Politically he is a Eepublican, taking an intelligent interest in his party. In 1888 Mr. Johnson was united in marriage with Miss Hannah G. Hooper, the daughter of Edward D. and Mary B. Hooper, residentsof Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in which city Mrs. Johnson was born. Her father is now a resident of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. tLBERT JENKS, artist, Los Angeles, was born in New York, May 26, 1830. His parents, Levi and Nancy Jenks, came West to Chicago in 1836, and were among the earliest settlers of that western metropolis. They located at Joliet, Illinois, when there were only three houses there. The subject of this sketch attended the common schools, and com- pleted his education at Rock River Seminary. When quite a young man he studied medicine in the oiRce of D. S. Smith, the veteran home- opathist of Chicago and the Northwest. After- ward he removed to Aurora, Illinois, and en- gaged in mercantile business for some years, and then entered into banking and carried on the business for ten years. Upon the breaking out of the Rebellion he went into the army. In raising a company of cavalry he had 400 appli- cations for enlistment, but accepted only 100, and the men furnished their own horses and equipments. He was commissioned Captain of cavalry in the Thirty-si.xth Regiment, was pro- moted to Lieutenant-Colonel, participated in several battles, and served from 1861 to 1863. After his return from the service he engaged in mercantile business for several years, and gave it up to follow his chosen vocation. From early childhood he had a remarkable taste for paint- ing, and in all the schools he attended during childhood, so fond was he of drawing that he was called the "boy artist." After taking up the brush he remained in Chicago until 1872. Then he was in Detroit several years, and in 1875 he came to the Pacilic Coast, locating in San Francisco until 1886, when he came to Los Angeles, and since then has been busily engaged in executing orders received here, and has taken a leading position in the profession on the Pa- ciiic Coast. After the nomination of President Lincoln in 1860, Mr. Jenks received a letter from William Butler, Secretary of State for Illinois, asking him to go to the capital to paint a portrait. Mr. Jenks responded to the request, not knowing who the subject was until he reached Springfield, and found it was Mr. Lincoln, the great martyr President. Mr. Jenks has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Frances H. Wetniore, of Ohio, who died leaving one daughter, now Mrs. Charles Sontag, of San Francisco. His present wife was Mrs. Cornelia A. Trowbridge, of the city of Detroit. fA. JONES, of tlie firm of Mackay & Jones, contractors. No. 710 South Fort street, is '^ a native of Ohio, born September 11, 1850. His parents, A. L. and Margaret (Eaken) Jones, were both natives of Pennsylvania. He attended school during his early boyhood, and, in 1865, when he was fourteen years of age, his parents removed to Illinois, where he served an appren- ticeship to his trade. Upon reaching his ma- jority he went to Iowa, in 1871, and remained there until July 1, 1878; then went to Colorado and for two years was engaged in prospecting. The next three years were spent in a quartz- mill building. He remained there until the fall of 1882, when he came to Los Angeles and 'worked at his trade; was foreman for Mr.Mackay for three years and then became a partner with U I STORY OP LOS ANOBLBS COUNTY. him. Since then tlie firm of Mackay & Jones has done a leading business in contracting^ and building, and no firm in Southern California enjoys a higher reputation than does this one. While living in Colorado Mr. Jones was mar- ried, April 26, 1881, to Miss Ella Woodfill, a native of Rochester, Indiana. They have two children: xllbert and Myrtle. fD. JOHNSTON.— The Empire State has furnished some excellent men as pioneers * of Los Angeles County, and perhaps none more worthy of an appropriate mention in this work than Mr. Johnston. He was born in Erie County, New York, in 1842. His father's name was Joseph E. Johnston, and his mother's maiden- name was Annie Wenger; she was a native of Pennsylvania and of German descent. When the subject of this sketch was ten years old, his father moved to Lorain County, Ohio, and for many years was a farmer there, and now lives retired with his youngest son in Toledo, that State. After our subject was twenty-one years old, he went to Monroe County, Michigan, and in company with two brothers carried on tlie saw-mill business for nine years. In 1865 he was married near Toledo, Ohio, to Miss Eu- dolpha De Witt, a native of Monroe County, New York, whose father was Samuel De Witt, a New York farmer. In 1876 Mr. Johnston came to Los Angeles County and purchased a farm of 123 acres one-half mile south of Nor- walk. This he has put under a high state of cultivation, and his comfortable surroundings are evidence of the prosperity which has at- tended him since coming to the " County of the Angels." He has about 1,200 French prune trees on the ranch, from which, at the age of four years, he produced seven tons of prunes. He cultivates forty acres of vineyard, and man- ufactures his own wines. Last year he made over 27,000 gallons. He is also a partner in the cheese factory at Norwalk. He is a mairof large business experience, and is energetic and enterprising. He helped to organize the Nor- walk school district, and for nine years he has held the office of clerk of the board of directors. He is especially in terestea in educational matters. His oldest daughter, Cora A., is a graduate of the Normal School and will be enrolled among the teachers of the county. Edie L. is a stu- dent in the Norwalk district school. Tiiese two young ladies are all the children of Mr. and Mrs. Johnston. Politically Mr. Johnston is one of the able, intelligent supporters of the Republican party, and is socially a Freemason. AJ OR EDWARD WADS WORTH , y. ,, JCJNES, President of the Los Angeles "^^^ Chamber of Commerce and also of the Historical Society of Southern California, was born at New Hartford, Connecticut, November 28, 1840. He is of Puritan stock; a collateral descendant of the officer w^'o hid the Charter of Connecticut in the famous "Oak;" of the founder of Wadsworth Atheneum at Hartford, and of William Williams, a signer of the Dec- laration of Independence. Major Jones was edu- cated in the schools of his native State, and at the University of Tennessee. At the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion he entered the army, and served something over three years in the Second Connecticut Artillery, as Captain and Major. He was with the Army of the Po- tomac; was in the Shenandoah Valley; and at Cedar Creek was in command of his regiment, as shown by Sheridan in his Memoirs. He was brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for gallant and meritorious conduct. After the close of the war he settled temporarily in Illinois. From there he went to Idaho and Utah, where he engaged in mining operations ten years, from 1871 to 1881. He worked profitably some rich silver mines in the Salmon River region, his company taking out $600,000 or $800,000. During this time there were two Indian wars in that country. Major Jones made his headquarters at Salt Lake City, where his lainily hjcatcJ, and where he UlfiTOUY OF LOS ANOELRS COUNTY. spent the most of liis winters during those ten years, thus affording him an opportunity to study the Mormon question with considerable thoroughness. The winter of 1876 and 1877 he spent in Central America (San Salvador) ex- amining mines. In 1881, having sold his in- terest in the Salmon River mines, he spent the year in New York, and came to California in 1882, partly on account of his health. After looking over Central and Northern California pretty thoroughly, lie determined to see the Southern part of the State, and came by steamer, arriving here in August. He decided as soon as he landed in Los Angeles County, as so many others have done, that this was the climate that he wanted; and he almost immediately wrote for his family, which he had left at Oakland, to join him here. He built a home in the west pait of the city, where he now resides. He was a member of the city council in 1886-'87, and he is one of tlie most useful and public-spirited citizens that Los Angeles has. In 1863 Major Jones married Miss Spencer, a native of Illinois, in Washington. They have three children liv- ing, two daughters and one son, the latter now a student at Phillips Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire. fE. JENISON, a farmer residing iiear Dow- ney, and the senior member of the firm of ® Jenison & Greening, general merchants in Downey, came to Los Angeles County in 1877. Two years previous to this he was at San Jose. He is a native of Illinois, born in Menard County, December 10, 1838, and is a son of John Singletary Jenison and nee Martha McNabl), natives respectively of Massachusetts and Kentucky. The father was a pioneer of Sangamon County, Illinois, where he died in 1853. Of his seven children, only three arc now living. Mr. Jenison did good service in the late war, entering the army in 1861 and serving four years and four months. He was a member of Company A, Tenth Illinois Cavalry, and at the siege of Vicksburg and on the Yazoo expedition was in McPherson's Corps, Logan's Division, and Mower's "Eagle Brigade." This is the brigade that carried the eagle through the war. In 1875 Mr. Jenison was married in Menard County, Illinois, to Miss Susan B. Champion, of the same county. To them have been born four children, two of whom are living, Roy and Lena. On account of his health Mr. Jenison has retired from the mercantile business, and is now devoting his time to the management of his farm. He also conducts a good dairy Inisiness. ■•#► Jig^ANS JEYNE, proprietor of tlie tinest retail •fM\ grocery store in Southern California, and "^i whose name is probably familiar to more households in and about Los Angeles than that of any other business man, severed his connection with his brother, C. Jevne, in Chicago, who owns the most elegant retail grocery in that great metropolis, if not in America, and in February, 1882, came to the Pacitic Coast. Nine months later he opened his grocery store in the building he now occupies, at Nos. 38 and 40 North Spring street, in a room one-fourth as large as his pres- ent store. Having had a thorough training in the business in Chicago, first as salesman and afterward as manager in his brother's mam- moth establishment, for seventeen years — with but ten days' vacation — Mr. Jevne was master of the grocery trade in every detail, as conducted upon the highest standard and best metliods. Therefore, the success of his business has been phenomenal from the beginning, demanding fre- quent enlargement of store-room and facilities until now two floors of the spacious brick build- ing are required to accommodate his immense trade, which gives employment to twenty-six or twenty-seven men and thirteen horses. Mr. Jevne makes a specialty of the very choicest brands of goods, and buys the best the markets of the world can sup])ly. He imports large quantities of the finest French antl English UltSTOUT OF LOS AJfOELES COUNTY. Bottled and other fancy goods direct from Bordeaux and other European points, which he sells at wliolesale to dealers throughout South- ern California, Arizona and New Mexico, besides supplying his extensive retail trade — the largest in the State outside of San Francisco. His commodious store is a model of neatness and order, and the artistic arrangement of toothsome edibles makes it a veritable palace of beauty and attractiveness. Besides the careful supervision of his large business, Mr. Jevne finds time to look after his outside investments, which are quite extensive, and also to take an active part in the Chamber of Commerce and other local organizations which he is a member of and which have for their object the prosperity and general advancement of Los Angeles and South- ern California, of which he is a most loyal and public-spirited citizen. Hans Jevne was born in Norway on the 28th of February, 1849, and enjoyed superior educational advan- tages during the first sixteen years of his life that he remained in his native country, so much so that he was a good English and German scholar when he came to America in 1865. His entire commercial experience has been in Chicago and Los Angeles. Mr. Jevne possesses an active mental temperament, is suave and gen- tlemanly in manner, making a friend of evury acquaintance. JfllLLIAM H. JUENGER, senior partner ■^•;V' *A ^^ ^'^^ ^'''" °^ Juenger & Cross, drug- i^>H gists. No. 27 North Main street, estab- lished the business at that number over four years ago, having opened the store on March 16, 1885. About a year later he took in Frank C. Wolf as a partner, who sold his interest in the early part of 1888 to W. S. Cross, the pres- ent junior member of the firm. They have one of the largest and prettiest drug stores in Los Angeles, and carry a full and complete stock of every kind of goods usually kept in a first-class drug store. They make a specialty of the phar- macy branch of the business, and have a very large prescription trade, averaging thirty-five to forty a day. During the first four years of the history of the house it compounded and sent out 28,000 prescriptions, besides those prepared for the French Hospital, for which institution this firm has furnished all the drugs ijnd medi- cines in the past three years. Mr. Juenger is one of the most thorough pharmacologists in Southern California, having had seventeen years of active experience in pharmacy. He manu- factures several proprietary prescriptions. Mr. Juenger was born in New Orleans, July 22, 1859, and passed the first thirteen years of his life in the Crescent City. Coming from there to Cal- ifornia, he located in San P'rancisco, where he began to learn the drug business early in his teens. Fifteen years ago he came to Los Ange- les, and was five years in the employ of Mr. Heinzeman, in the oldest drug store in the city. In September, 1884, Mr. Juenger and Miss Eliza Anderson were united in marriage. She is a "native daughter," born in Los Angeles. ifEVINE JOHNSON, a true pioneer of the n Golden State, who is now spending the W evening of life with the wife of his youth, is a retired farmer, residing three miles west of Downey, and is a man in every respect worthy of honorable mention in a work of this character. He was born in Madison County, Kentuckv, July 1, 1817. His father, John Johnson, born October 15, 1785, was a soldier in the war of 1812; and his grandfather, James Johnson, was a Captain in the Eevolutionary war. John Johnson's first wife was Elizabeth Campbell, who was born in Virginia, and by her he had four children, to which family L-vine belongs. The mother died when he was three years old, and the fathei' married Elizabeth Parker. Of this union three children were born, two of whom are living. A half brother of the subject of this sketch, Thomas Walker Johnson, was a soldier in the Southern army, and died in prison some- HI STORY OF LOS AJSOBLBS COUNTY. where in the South. In 1857 John Johuson moved to Gainesville, Cook County, Texas, where he died in 1860. Irvine Jolinson was married March 2, 1836, to Miss Elizabeth Ann Maggard, of Randolph County, Missouri. She is the daughter of Jacob and Susan (Bright) Maggard, natives respectively ofEast Tennessee and South Carolina. The father was of Pennsylvania Dutcli descent, and the mother traces her ancestry to the Scotch. They were pioneers in Missouri, and at times were compelled to live in forts to protect themselves against the Indians. They had four sons and live daughters, one son and two daughters still living. Mr. Johnson left ills old home in Missouri, April 3, 1853, with his wife and five children, to cross the plains to the Golden Coast. Six months were spent on that famous journey, and it is with peculiar in- terest that one listens to Mrs. Johnson tell liow she enjoyed camping in wagons, and seeing the beauties and wonders of nature which were new and changing every day. Mr. Johnson spent five years in mining in Amador County, one year in farming in Sacramento County, then two years in Sonoma County, from which place he moved to Solano County, where for seven years he was a tiller of the soil. Next he farmed for seven years in San Luis Obispo County. Twelve years ago he became a citizen of Los Angeles County, where, in retirement, he ex- pects to spend the residue of life, being now in liis seventy-third year. He and his faithful companion have been workers together in the Southern Methodist Episcopal Church for over fifty years. During that time he has held the vari- ous otHces of the church. Politically he was a Whig wliHe the party had an existence, and since then he has been a whole-souled Democrat, be- lieving heartily in its doctrines and supporting its principles by his vote and influence. He is a man of recognized ability, having, while in Missouri, served as justice county judge. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have reared a family of seven children: John, who married Martha Summer; James A., who married Nancy Root; David M., who married Sarah Barnett for his first wife and Alice Floyd for his second; Matilda, wife of Thomas Barnett; Thomas W., who married Lil- lie Raymond; Mary A., wife of T. N. Cocke; and Ella, wife of William J. Edwards. Mr. Johnson has twenty six gratidciiildren and three great-grandchildren. tLBERT H. JUDSON was born in Port- land, Chautauqua County, New York, on the 21sfc of September, 1838. He received a common-school education in his native town, and attended the Fredonia Academy several terms; taugiit school, and afterward followed civil engineering for a time; then studied law, attended one term at the Albany Law School, and was admitted to the Superior Court of his native State in 1860. He commenced the prac- tice of law in Fredonia, New York, in 1861, and in 1871 removed to San Leandro, California, where he remained, practicing law and editing the Alameda County Gazette., until May, 1873, when he went to Los Angeles, California, open- ing a law office and starting the first abstract office ever opened in Los Angeles. The abstract branch of his business grew rapidly, and was cai'ried on successively by Judson & Fleming, Judson & Gillette, Judson, Gillette & Smith and Judson, Gillette & Gibson, and at present is known as the Abstract and Title Insurance Company, a corporation, the largest institu- tion of the kind in the State. Mr. Judson sold out his interest in the abstract firm in 1884, but remained as counsel for the firm until 1886, when he retired from his law practice and re- ujoved to Highland Home, in San Gorgonio Valley, on account of the failing health of one of his children. He has recently returned to Los Angeles. Mr. Judson has always been an Independent Republican in politics. He has not sought office, but reluctantly consented on two occasions to permit himself to be nominated, once for superior judge and once for city at- torney, but on botli occasions was defeated, with ^ ^. l/e^^Au^t^ UISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. the most of the ticket, his party being both, times largely in tlie minority. As a lawyer? Mr. Jndson has occupied an honorable position at the bar, and enjoyed a lucrative practice, and is esteemed one of the best real-estate and title lawyers in Southern California. He has bought and sold largely of real property in this and ad- joining counties, and was very successful. He has the confidence and respect of the community in which he lives. Pie belongs to no church, has no love for creeds, but believes in Chris- tianity in its broadest and best sense; and while he has contributed liberally toward the build- ing of half a dozen or more churches in Los Angeles, his sympathies are with the church of the Unity and liberal religion. Mr. Judson was married in 1876 to Sarah A. Fairman,of Elmira, New York, by wjiom he has seven children, five sons and two daughters, four of whom — all sons — still survive. fHAKLES MEYKS JENKINS was born at Circleville,'Ohio, June 2, 1839. His ancestors originally came from Wales and Germany, settled in Maryland, and afterward moved to Ohio. Charles came to California via Panama in 1850. In tlie war of the Kebcllion the Government did nut call for volunteers from the Pacific States to serve in the East, for two reasons — the expense of transportation was so great, and then it was thought there might be need for them here, as there was much talk of a "Pacific Reljellion." Nevertheless a Califor- nia (cavalry) battalion of 500 adventurous spir- its voluntarily organized themselves, in October, 1862, and offered their services to the Govern- ment. But in order to be accepted they liad to smuggle themselves into the service, and get themselves accepted as a part of the quota of the State of Massachusetts. And they actually paid their own fare from San Francisco to New York, and Governor Andrew paid their fare from there to Boston, where they were I'nustered in for three years, or the war, as tlie Second Massachusetts Cavalry, with Colonel Charles R. Lowell as commander. This battalion was in about fifty battles. Mr. Jenkins fought in twenty battles, and was a jjrisoner of war fifteen months, suffering a thousand deaths from sick- ness, cold and starvation. He was captured at Coyle's Tavern, Virginia, and was taken to Libby Prison, then to Belle Island, and from there to Andersonville. Eventually he was taken to Savannah, and then to Millen, Georgia, where he was exchanged. Of the 150 uien captured, only three lived to get out: Jenkins, Dr. Demp- sey (now living in Ventura County), and Will- iam Manker, who died soon after his release; he over-ate at Parole Camp and never recovered. Mr. Jenkins, who says he resolved to be a man and live if possible, controlled his appetite, and weathered through, barely. But it was nearly twenty years after the close of the war before he recovered from the efiects of the starvation and chronic dysentery he suffered from during his long and terrible imprisonment. After being exchanged he joined his regiment, De- cember, 1864, at Winchester. He was twenty- six days with Sheridan in his raid, and at the final surrender at Appomattox. Of course at this time he could only do the lightest service, but his comrades relieved him whenever they could, and he stayed with his command until the last. He was mustered out at Fairfax Court-House, July' 20, 1865. During his service he acted as private, Corporal and Sergeant. Im- mediately after his discharge Mr. Jenkins came back to Los Angeles, where he has lived ever since. Notwithstanding all Mr. Jenkins has sacrificed, namely, the best part of his life, if his long disability is included; and notwith- standing all he has suffered, equal to a thousand deaths, for liis country, he iias never received one dollar, aside from his wages, from the Gov- ernirient, as pension or otherwise. It may be because lie has not asked for it, for the reason that he is too proud or is too independent to ask favors of anybody! But can the American people consent to receive such sacrifices and not hunt up the heroes who rendered them, and re- UISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. ward thein in some measure as they deserve, even without tlie asking? Mr. Jenkins was married to Miss Pliffibe S))eague, July 13, 1869. They have no children. If, with her care and nursing and assistance, he is yet alive and has any means on which to live and "keep the wolf from the door," thanks are due to their own heroic exertions, and not to the Government of the United States! A word should be added as to the boyhood and early life in California of Mr. Jenkins, for he came to California when he was a mere boy, with his step-father, George Dalton, Sr. Young Jenkins learned the printer's trade and worked on the first newspaper pub- lished in Los Angeles, the Star, also on the Southern California, the Southern Vineyard, El Clamor PtMico, and the News. On April 1, 1889, he was appointed special Aide-de-camp on the staff of the Department Commander, George E. Gard, of the Grand Army of the Re- public, with rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. Mr. Jenkins was "zanjero," or overseer of water or irrigation of the city of Los Angeles, for about seven years. fOllN KENEALY was born in County Cork, Ireland, in October, 1838. At the age of fifteen years he was employed as a clerk in a large dry-goods establishment in the city of Cork. In a few years he was advanced to the position of buyer and commercial trav- eler. In September, 1865, he was arrested by the British Government for connection with the Irish National party known as the Fenian movement. He was convicted and sentenced to ten years penal servitude for the crime of trying to restore to Ireland her national itide- pendence. He served two years in the prisons of Fentonville and Portland, England, and two years in the penal colony of Western Australia. Forced by public opinion, the British Govern- ment released the political prisoners before the term of their sentences expired. Mr. Kenealy arrived in San Francisco in January, 1870. Here he married Miss Hennessy, a sister of one of his fellow compatriots. He became con- nected with a large wholesale house in that city, as general salesman and manager of a depart- ment. In March, 1875, he came to Los An- geles, with Mr. Richard Dillon, his brother-in- law, and engaged in the dry-goods business, under the firm name of Dillon & Kenealy. After a very successful business career, they closed out their dry-goods stock in this city, three years ago They have yet a store at Phoenix, Arizona. They have a fine young vineyard of over 200 acres, from four to six years old, near Roscoe, four miles aboveBurbank; also have large wineries and make their own wine and brandy. They are also inter- ested jointly and separately in other valuable real estate. Mr. and Mrs. Kenealy have two children, a daughter sixteen and a son fourteen years of age. -^€@::®»'^ — fAMES M. KING is a native of Indiana^ born in Knox County, in 1847, and is the oldest of three sons. His father was William King, who was also born in Indiana. His mother was Nancy (Murphy) King. They moved to Illinois at an early day, and later to Texas, where the father died in 1855, and the mother married J. G. B. Haynes. After three years they started across the plains with ox teams and arrived in Arizona, where they stopped for six months, and from there they pursued their westward course till they arrived in El Monte. The subject of this sketch, in company with Jefferson Beck, purchased the first land sold from the old Peco Ranch. This was in 1866, and vast indeed has been the improvement made here. Where the wild mustard nodded to the wind, and where the wild horse roamed over un- cultivated plains, there theoranges bloom and the carefully tilled soil yields abundant harvests. As a wise husbandman, Mr. King has planted out about twenty acres of English walnuts, and has a fine ol'chard of apples, oranges and smaller fruits. The passer-by cannot fail to observe the IIT8T0RT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. systematic arrangement of everything on this ranch, and its owneris recognized among farmers as one worthy of imitation. October 10, 1865, he was made one with Miss Mary J. Nicliolson. Her fatlier was James and her inotlier Marga- ret Nicliolson. They had six children. The father was a pioneer of 1850 and died in 1860, and his widow is still living with lier dauo-hter, at a good old age. Mr. and Airs. King have a family of four sons: James, William, Henry, and Charles; and one daughter, Catherine. Both the parents are active members of the Seventh Day Adventist Church, and he is an enthusi- astic supporter of the principles of government as taught by the Democratic party. tBBOT KINiYEY was born on a farm known as Brook Side, in Middlesex County, New Jersey, November 16, 1850. His early life was largely spent in Washington, Dis- trict of Columbia, with his father, Hon. Frank- lin Slierwood Kinney, who filled various public positions at the national capital. Mr. Kinney also spent much of his time with his uncle, the Hon. James Dixon, for sixteen years a represen- tative in the United States Senate from the State of Connecticut. Abbot Kinney's genealogy traces him through a long line of American an- cestry and gives him a blood connection with many familiar American names, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, General William Henry Harrison, etc. He re- ceived his education in Switzerland, Paris and Heidleberg, and supplemented a thorough classi- cal course with the study of law and medicine, at Columbia College, Washington, District of Columbia. In 1869 he went into the whole- sale commission business in Baltimore City and acquired a competency, but ill health obliged him to give up sedentary pursuits. He was delegated as a botanical garden commissioner of the city of Baltimore and traveled in Europe on that commission. In 1873 he was connected with the [Inited States Geological Survey under Prof O. C. Marsh, on the Sioux Indian Reser- vation, now about to be opened for settlement. In this year he first visited California, passing through the State from the Oregon line to San Diego. Mr. Kinney had previously traveled in the old world, but in 1874 he received a com- mission from the Khedive of Egypt to investi- gate the famine-stricken districts of the Upper Nile. Here he gained an insight into the char- acter of this spiritless people. In 1875-'76 he traveled in Turkey, when 12,000 Christians were massacred in Bulgaria and Macedonia. He continued his trip around the world, visiting Ceylon, Java and New Guinea. He went to Australia with the idea of making that country his future home. He had thus far found no climate to his liking, and in 1880 he came to San Francisco on his way to Florida. While on his way to San Jose he learned of the Sierra Madre Villa as a health resort, and in February of that year lie put up at that famous hostelry. His health so improved that he was in love with the balmy clime and grand mountain scenery. In June of that year he purchased his present farm, most of which is now in a high state of cultivation, being planted with citrus and decid- uous fruits. Improvements have been lavishly made on this country seat until it has attained the luxurious beauty of a fabled oriental para- dise. F>om the grand towering Sierra Madre that forms the background, cold streams of purest water flow, while live oak, citrus groves, palms and flowers aflFord perpetual verdure and foliage. An extensive view of the San Gabriel and Los Angeles valleys, the Pacific Ocean and distant islands rounds out the pano- rama. Mr. Kinney has thoroughly identified himself with the leading interests of California and has been a somewhat conspicuous figure in the agitation and decision of some of its most important questions of State and national issue. He received a commission from the Federal Government to examine into the condition of the Mission Indians of Southern California and report as to what he might deem it necessary to do for the iujproveinent of their condition. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. He served on this coininission with Mrs. Helen Hunt Jacivson, tlie autlioress of "Ramona," and in this he represented tlie practical side of the Indian question and Mrs. Jackson the senti- mental. Together they visited every Indian ranchero between San Diego and Monterey. They also visited all of the twenty-one Francis- can Missions of California, gleaned facts and materials for a series of illustrated articles which subsequently appeared in the Century magazine, and the popular novel entitled " Ra- mona," by Mrs. Helen Hunt Jackson, was a result of this tour. In May, 1886, Mr. Kinney, was appointed by Governor Stoneman a member of the State Board of Forestry and was elected chairman of that board, which position he filled with marked ability and enthusiasm for nearly three years. Mr. Kinney is the founder of the free public library at Pasadena. He is a Dem- ocrat in politics. Is the author of a work on free trade and also author of a book on forestry. He is an occasional contributor to several East- ern jonrnals. In 1885 Mr. Kinney took a lirm stand against the anti-riparian movement, a political agitation that like a whirlwind swept the State. Mr. Kinney married, November 18, 1884, Miss Margret J. Thornton, daughter of Judge Thornton, of the Supreme Court of Cali- fornia, and a lineal descendant of Mildred Wash- ington, an aunt of the tixst President of the United States, and they have three children. jAURICE KREMER was born January 14, 1825, in Loraine, France. He came ^y^^ to the United States in 1844:, and en- gaged in business in New Orleans and in St. Louis about six years. In 1850 he came via Panama to California. He went to Sacramento, remaining there till December, 1851. In March, 1852, he came to Los Angeles, and has lived here ever since. April 9, 1856, he married Matilda Newmark, a native of New York, and daughter of Mr. Joseph Newmark, long a re- spected citizen of Los Angeles. Mr. and Mrs Kremer have six children living. Mr. Kremer, during his long residence in Los Angeles, be- sides being in mercantile business, has accepted many public positions of trust, namely: He served six years (from 1859 to 1860) as county treasurer; was some nine years (from 1866 to 1875) on the city school board; was four years county tax collector and one year city tax col- lector; was clerk of the city council five years; and two years a supervisor of tlie count}'. Since 1880 he has been extensively engaged in the insurance business. fOIIN A. KINGSLEY, the subject of this sketch, is a native of the State of Michigan. He was born in the city of Eaton Rapids, April 18, 1852, and is the eldest of two children of Phineas and Adelia (Holmes) Kingsley; he is a wheelwright by trade, and a native of James- town, Chautauqua County, New York, and she of Niagara County, in the same State. They emigrated from New York to Michigan in 1845, and 2-emoved to Lansing, the capital of the State, in 1864. Here John A. spent his boyhood, re- ceived a liberal education and acquired the art of printing in the publishing house of W. S. George & Co., State printers. In-doors work and too close application to business injured his health, and in his search for a milder climate and open-air employment, the year 1880 found him in Los Angeles. Being a young man of good address, gentlemanly bearing and earnest endeavors, he readily found employment with the Southern Pacific Railway Company as a locoinotive fireman, and was in a brief time ad- vanced to the position of engineer and put iu charge of a locomotive engine. Mr. Kingsley followed railroading four years and then resumed the calling of his early choice, opening a job printing establishment at No. 20 North Spring street in company with Thomas F. Barnes, with whom he still continues, under the firm name of Kingsley & Barnes. These gentlemen both being practical printers and proficient in the HIBTORT OF LOS ANGBLBS COUNTY. art preservative of arts, have enjoyed marked success. Tliey do book and job printing in all its branches and make a specialty of commercial work. From the organization of the firm these gentlemen Jiave enjoyed a constantly increasing and well-merited patronage, and the rapid in- crease in the volume of their business now demands increased facilities and more roomy quarters, which they are soon to have at No. 57 North Spring street. Mr. Kingsley was married November 11, 1871, to one of Michigan's most estimable school teachers, and they have two daughters, Grace and Mildred, both bright and ambitious young ladies. Mr. Kingsley and his family are menjbers of the Third Congregational Church of Los Angeles, and all active in church and Sunday-school affairs. Mr. Kingsley is a member of the Pentalpha Lodge, No. 202 F. & A. M., and is Junior Warden of the lodge; also a member of Signet Chapter, No. 57, R. A. M. — ^m^m^-^ — tAOL KEKN, of 1603 South Main street, Los Angeles, is a native of Germany, and was born in Baden, June 25, 1828. He attended school and served an apprenticeship to the trade of nail-maker, and afterward served three years in the army. In 1852 he emigrated to this country, landing at New Orleans; from there lie went to Texas and remained in that State until 1854, when he was employed by Cap- tain Ilolliday to drive a large herd of cattle to California. There were sixty-two men engaged and they brought the stock safely to Warner's Rancho, San Diego County. Mr. Kern came to Los Angeles and worked for Governor R. D. Wilson about a year. From there he went with a surveying party to survey the Mojava.Desert and was gone nearly a year. He conducted the American Bakery one year. At the expiration of that time he went out in the country and purchased twenty-four acres of land and set out a vineyard. Tiiis land is now a part of the city and is very valuable. He carried on the vine- yard business, making wine and brandy for fifteen years. This property he sold to Mr. Kiefer. In 1875 he made the improvements on his prop- erty at the junction of South Main and Spring streets, and lived there until two years ago, when he sold out. Since that time he has not been engaged in active business. Mr. Kern has been a resident of Los Angeles County for thirty-five years. He enjoys the confidence and esteem of the community and is one of its most worthy and respected citizens. In 1859 he married Miss Kate McElroy, of this city. They have an at- tractive home, situated on the corner of Morris and Main streets. Mr. Kern is affiliated with the I. O. O. F., Lodge No. 35. 5J^p f- KIEFER, senior member of the firm ^ of Kiefer & Company, wholesale dealers ~K m imported and domestic liquors, is a native of Germany, and was born in Bingen on the Rhine, January 11, 1835. His parents emi- grated to America during his early childhood and located in the State of Wisconsin, near Milwaukee. During his boyhood he attended the common schools, and upon reaching man- hood engaged in the grocery business in Mil- waukee. In 1856 he went to St. Paul and en- gaged in business there until 1860, at which time became to the Pacific Coast and landed in San Francisco on May 1, of that year. He was first employed in a store, and the following year he went to Tulare County and engaged in hotel and mercantile business and stock-raising, successfully carrying on a large business there for many years. He still owns a large ranch property in Kern County. He came to Los An- geles January 1, 1882, and afterward associated with his brother John, in the present business of Kiefer & Company; and since his brother retired from the business, January 1, 1887, he has been the head of the house. This firm dlaU in all kinds of imported and domestic wines and liquors. Until two years ago they handled their own wines. This company is one of the most reliable in Southern California and has a HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. large established trade. Mr. Kiefer was mar- ried in 1874 to Miss Edith M. Barr, a native of Plaeerville, California, and daughter of J. B. Barr, one of the pioneers of '49. Mr. and Mrs. Kiefer have one son living-James Paul; and one son, Oren A., is dead. fOSEPH W. WOLFSKILL.— Tiie subject of this sketch was born at the old Wolfskill homestead, in Los Angeles, September 14, 1844. His father was William Wolfskill, the earliest Wolfskill pioneer in California, who set- tled in this then far-off land in the year 1831, of whom a further account is given on page 121 of this work. His motlier was Dofia Magda- lena Lugo de Wolfskill, of Santa Barbara, dangli- ter of Don Jose Ygnacio Lugo and Dona Rafaela Romero de Lugo. Don Jose and Don Antonio M. Lugo were brothers; their descend- ants are very numerous in this and other coun- ties of Southern California. J. W. Wolfsldll's "padrinos," or godparents, were Captain and Mrs. Alexander Bell. He was educated wholly in the private school maintained for many years in his father's house. Among his teachers were Rev. J. W. Douglas, founder of the Pacific newspaper; Miss Goodnow, now the wife of Hon. H. J. Wells, of Cambridge, Massa- chusetts; H. D. Barrows, of this city; A. F. Waldemar, and a Spanish teaclier. On the death of his father, in 1866, Mr. Wolfskill took charge of the extensive vineyards and orchards planted by his father, and cultivated and improved them with great success. By per- sistently and intelligently procuring the best varieties of citrus and other fruits from various parts of the world, he brouglit his orchards to a higli degree of perfection. The excellence of the oranges and lemons of the "Wolfskill or- chards " became known far and wide. He was one of the first to send car-load lots of oranges of his own production east of the Mississippi River. His orchards yielded some seasons nearly 25,000 boxes, or over eighty car-loads. The appearance in Southern California of the destructive white-scale insect several years ago from Australia, gradually checked production, in spite of most vigilant efforts to exterminate the pest. Inasmuch as his neighbors did not co-operate witli him in fighting this dangerous citrus parasite, which multiplies witli enormous rapidity, it seemed almost hopeless for him to try to save his finegroves. And so, as their proximity to the city made tlie land valuable for building lots, he reluctantly divided it up and put it on the market, in 1887. Tiins the glory of tiie " Wolfskill orchards," so laboriously built up by both fatherand son, has becomeathingof tiie past. The magnificent Continental Passenger Depot of the Southern Pacific Railway Company oc- cupies a portion of the tract, fronting on Alameda steeet, where once the Wolfskill's successfully and for many years raised oranges, lemons, limes, grapes and other fruits. Mr. Wolfskill, in connection with his foreman, Mr. Alexander Craw, and Prof. D. W. Coquillett, of tlie En- tomological division of the Agricultural Bureau of Washington, have engaged in a long series of experiments for the destruction of the white or fluted scale, witii washes, sprays, gases, and latterly with parasites of the white scale which have been brought from Australia, where they are known to be the deadly enemy of that de- structive bug. Prof. Coquillett has established a regular experimental station at Mr. Wolfskill's place, for the purpose of breeding and experi- menting with this parasite of a parasite Septem- ber 20, 1869, Mr. Wolfskill married Dona Elena de Pedrorena the youngest daughter of the late Don Miguel de Pedrorena, of San Diego (a native of Madrid, Spain), and Dona Maria Antonia Estudillo. Mr. and Mrs Wolfskill have eleven children. Following the example of his father, he maintains a private school in his own house. Mrs. Wolfskill has large landed interests in the San Jacinto Rancho, amounting to about 12,000 acres, in San Diego County, which she inherited from iier father. Mr. Wolfskill has been for one or two terms an active and useful member of the city council. Like his father, he has never rf^ KaKS,J®§iiF[Hl \T.-^?f'QlFi>m'LL. niSTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTT. lieen a seeker for public position; bat his quiet lal>ors in iiis orcliards and vineyards, like those of his father, have been invaluable to this sec- tion ill (lenionstratinj^ the wondrous fertility of its soil and its possil)ilities for the profitable cultivation of almost every variety of deciduous and seini-tropical fruits. Mr. Wolfskill, Sr., introduced here most of the best varieties of moderti French and American pears; besides planting in 1858 the, then, largest orange or- chard in the United States; the son has helped to introduce by building and grafting some of the best varieties of citrus fruits to be had any- where. Mr. Wolfskill lias two sisters living: Mrs. C. J. Shepherd and Mrs. Frank Sabichi. His younger brother, Lewis, died in 1884. 5RS. J. W. WOLFSKILL is the youngest daughter of Don Miguel Pedrorena and Dona Maria Antonia Estudillo de Pe- drorena, and is a native of San Diego, where she was born in December, 1849. Her father was born in Madrid, of a good family of high social and ofKcial standing; and while still a young man he lived in Loudon several years, where he learned to speak the English language as if it were his own vernacular. One of liis brotliers held a high office in Madrid, in 1887, when Right-Rev. Bishop Mora, of Los Angeles, visited him, and of whom he made eager in- quiries concerning his, Mr. Pedroreiia's, relations in distant California, whom he had never seen. Don Miguel, father of Mrs. Wolfskill, came to California in 1837, as a supercargo of the Span- ish-American l>rig Delmira of which McCall & Co., of Lima, South America, were agents. JJancroft says he owned some building lots in San Francisco in 1845 and 1846; that he had a claim against the Mexican Government of $3,000 and upward; and that he declined an ap- pointment to present charges against Governor Miclieltoretia, etc. From 1845 his home was in San Diego, where he married Miss Estudillo, by whom he had four children: Victoria (de- ceased), married U. Magee; Miguel, Jr. (de- ceased), who married a daughter of Captain Bur- ton; Ysabel, wife of J. A. Altarairano; and Elena, wife of J. W. Wolfskill. Mr. Pedrorena was the grantee of the Rancho San Jacinto Nuevo in 184G, and his wife was grantee of the Rancho El Cajon in 1845, the former of which DoiiaElenastill owns — the portion she inherited. He strongly favored the cause of the United States, acting as Juez de Paz and as Stockton's aid, with the rank of Captain, in the California Battalion. In 1847-48 he was Collector of Customs at San Diego. He represented the S in Diego district in the Constitutional Convention at Monterey in 18i9, being one of the most popular and influential members of the Spin- ish race in that body. He died in 1850. Of him, Bancroft says: '-Don Miguel was an in- telligent and scholarly man of excellent charac- ter, who by his courteous affability made friends of all who knew him." Mrs. Pedrorena died February 2, 1851, while Elena was still an in- fant. The orphaned children were reared by the grandmother, wife of Don Jose Antonio Estudillo. Dona Elena, who was educated at San .Diego and at the College of Notre Dame, at San Jose, was married to Mr. Wolfskill, in San Francisco, September 20, 1869. They have a large family of eleven children; and they still live on the old homestead founded by William Wolfskill, over half a century ago. fj. KUBACH, contractor. East Seventh street, Los Angeles, was born in Ger- ® many, October 30, 1855. He received the advantages of a common-school education, and served an apprenticeship to the trade of car- penter and joiner, afterward pursuing a course of study at the architectural school in Heidel- berg. Upon reaching early manhood, he deter- mined to seek his fortune in the new world, and accordingly came to America'in 1873. Having an uncle in Pittsburg, he went tliere and re- mained one year; and the following year came HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. to the Pacific Coast, and worked at liis trade in San Francisco nntil 1876. He then went to Nevada and spent one year in Virginia City, and from there went to Sacramento. In the winter of 1877 he made a trip to Los Angeles, the fol- lowing year went to Sacramento and from there went to Mexico. In the winter of 1880 he re- turned to Los Angeles and since then lias been prominently identified with the contracting and Imilding interests of this city. He has taken the contracts for some of the best buildings in Los Angeles; has a large practical experience, and enjoys an enviable reputation for his ability, integrity and fair dealing; and he is a generous, ]iiiblic-spirited citizen, actively identified with the ]ir(igress and development of the city. He is a niernl)er of the Masonic fraternity, the I. O. (). F.. and the A. O. U. W. lodges. In 1883 Mr. Kubach married Miss Sophia Wetterhauer, a native of Germany. They have two daugh- ters: liosa and Sophia. fj. KEENS is one of the substantial farmers of Los Angeles County. He * carries on a large dairy business, and is also largely interested in fruit growing. There is no kind of fruit grown in Southern Califor- nia that is not produced in fine varieties on his nicely arranged and well-kept grounds. Mr. Kerns is also engaged in breeding fine horses. His residence, one mile south of Downey, is a neat structure, where, with his wife and six children, he enjoys as much true happiness as any other man in this or any other country. He is a native of Illinois, born in Kankakee County, in 1838. He is a son of John and Margaret (Vrooman) Kerns, natives of Schenec- tady County, New York. His father was one of the first settlers of Chicago, but thinking it would never amount to much of a town, he sold out and went south to Kankakee County, where he purchased a farm and was engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, which oc- curred in 18-42. The subject of this sketch left home at the age of fifteen years, going to New York with the expectation of taking a steamer for California. Arrived there he found the fare to San Francisco was up to $210. This was more money than he had to spend, and meeting an old Irishman, who, after having purchased a ticket, had concluded not to venture so far from home, he purchased the Irishman's ticket for $160, and in great excitement took the steamer. They landed safe at the Isthmus of Panama. Mr. Kerns walked across it, and by the first departing steamer continued his journey to the Golden Gate, arriving in California in 1854. He went directly into the mines of El Dorado County, and continued there until 1864, engaged in mining in placer, hill and quartz mines. In 1864 he went to Sonoma County, and, in con- nection with Daniel Branthaverand C. "VV. IIow- laiul, builtasawand planingmill, and there made thefirst rusticsidingever madein thatcounty. In 1869 he came to Los Angeles County, and bonght 240 acres of land in the New River Settlement. This, however, he subsequently sold and pur- chased eighty acres where he is now so nicely lo- cated. In 1874 he was married, choosing for his partner in life Miss Fannie G. Moores, daughter of the well-known pioneer preacher, Rev. Will- iam Moores. This marriage has been blessed with six children: Eva Moores, Mary Alma, Fannie M., Edith P., Willie E. and Florence E. fACOB KUHRTS, capitalist, corner of Main and First streets, Los Angeles, was born in Germany, August 17, 1832. At the age of twelve years he stepped on board of an English vessel and went to England, thence to America, Australia, China, and other foreign ports. He followed the sea for about five years, and came from China to California in 1848. Soon after his arrival here he went to work at the Mission Dolores. Upon the discovery of gold in this State he was among. the first to reach the mines in Placer County, and was en- gaged in mining until 1858 and then went to niSTORT OF LO^ ANQBLES COUNTY. the Slate Range, 200 miles from liere, wliere lie cuiitiniied liis mining operations and was back and forth between this place and that for five or six years. In 1864 he engaged in mer- cantile trade in this city, on Spring street, wliere the new Shoemaker Block now stands, and two years later removed to the corner of Main and First streets, the location of his pres- ent block, which was erected for him in 18G6- He carried on a large and snccessfnl bnsiness until 1878, and since then he has not been en- gaged in active bnsiness, but has given his attention to the care and improvement of his property. Mr. Kuhrts has been actively and j)rominently identified with the municipal gov- ernment of the city for many years. He has been a member of the city council fourteen years, serving in every position from president down. He held the position of chief of the fire depart- ment, also that of superintendent of streets, and now holds the office of lire commissioner. There are few persons in any community who have re- ceived such abundant evidence of the confidence of its best citizens as has the subject of this sketch. He has traveled extensively throughout the State and is familiar with its every portion; and there are few persons better known all along the coast. Mr. Kuhrts was united in marriage. May 29, 1864, to Miss Susan Buhn, a native of Germany. They have four children: George, Emily, Grace, and William. fOHN M. KING, rancher, near Whittier, was born in Morgan County, Indiana, in 1849, and is the second son of William and Nancy (Murphy) King, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work. He, with his two brothers, had very poor educational advantages, but they made very good use of what they did have, and by reading and observation he may be regarded as a man of mon; than ordinary intelligence. He was reared principally by his step-father, and early thrown on his own resources. His first purchase of real estate was a small tract of twenty acres near Santa Ana. This he after- ward sold and purchased where he now lives, near the beautiful town of Wintrier. On this ranch may i)e seen over 400 English walnut trees in a good state of cultivation; also a vine- yard and an orchard of various fruits. In 1870 he was married to Miss Ellen Noe. This lady is a daughter of L. D. Noe, who died in Texas, and her mother married Alfred Ilickox, who came to California in 1869. Mr. and Mrs. King have an interesting family of eight children: James, William, Mary, Daisy, Arthur, Gertrude, Lory and AUie. Mr. King is an enterprising man, and has been eminently successful. He is generous and public-spirited, and favors every enterprise that has for its object the public im- provement. tLBERT FENNER KEUOHEYAL was born in Preble County, Ohio, March 10, 1839, and is of French Huguenot ancestry on the paternal side, and on the maternal side, English. His father, who was a native of Vir- ginia, moved with his family from Ohio, when Al- bert was a child, to Northern Illinois, just before the Blackhawk War, in 1832. The latter received his education in the common schools and in an academy at Joliet. He was left an orphan at the age of sixteen, when he was thrown upon his own resources. In 1849 he came to California across the plains and reached Hangtown (now Placerville), where lynch law had before his arrival been inaugurated, from which fact the town had derived its name. At Sacramento he saw Sam Brannan on a pile of his own lumber (which was selling at $500 per thousand whole- sale or $1 per foot, retail), haranguing the popu- lace, urging them to " clean out the squatters !" — he having bought land under the Sutter title, which included Sacramento. Eggs were then selling there at $12 a dozen or $1 a piece. He worked at mining near Drytown with varied success; he had to send to Sacratnento for rockers which cost $50 each. At one time In; took out HISTORY UF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. $75 a day, from "pocket diggings." Earjy in 1850 be went to Rough and Ready, near Grass Valley, where his party had a fight with the Indians who were hostile and very nuraeroi.s. In March they started for the head-waters of the Yuba; the snow was deep and they had to send their mules liack to where there was grass, and pack their things on their backs over the frozen crust of snow, that in places was twenty- five feet deep. Some of their men picked out with their knives $50 in an hour or two, on <' Poor Man's Creek," which they turned, after six weeks' labor, when Kercheval took out $300 in lialf an hour; and a company below took out $40,000 to the man in about three weeks. Mr. Kercheval followed mining with the usual ups and downs till the fall of 1850, when he came to Sacramento, and he and his brother and an uncle Uiimed Runyon took up land below the city which the two latter still own. In 1855, after a vit-it East, he went to San Antonio, Texas, where he located 20,000 acres of land, with Texas Sol- diers' Warrants. In 1857 he married Sarah A. Wilson ; they have three children living. Mr. Kercheval came to California again in 1800; lived awhile in the Sacramento Valley; in 1864 went to Austin, Nevada; engaged profitably in farming three years, but the water on which they depended was taken from him in a big lawsuit, causing the loss of a $20,000 crop. In 1870, abont Christmas, he came with his family via Owen's River to Los Angeles. 1871 he moved on to the lot on the west side of Pearl sti'eet, near the end of Sixth, formerly known as the Gelcich place, where he raised strawberries which he sold at 50 cents a pound, and early tomatoes which he sold in San Francisco for 20 and 25 cents a pound. Afterward he bought and moved on to his present home. Here he has an orange and lemon orchard which some years yields him as much as $500 per acre. Mr. Kercheval in 1884 published a volume of his poems, which was very favorably noticed by the local press. Some of his poems have genuine merit. He has great natural facility in versifica- tion, as also has his daughter, Rosalie, whose sense of musical rhythm seems to be more highly developed than that of her father. tAWSON M. LA FETRA.— Among the representative farmers and horticulturists of the Azusa Township is the above-named gentleman, who is the owner of 160 acres of rich and productive land, about one mile south and west of Glendora. Mr. La Fetra took up his present residence in 1883, upon this land, which was then wild and uncultivated, and by his industry and intelligence has built up one of the most pleasant homes in his section. He has a fine orange grove of ten acres in extent, about two-thirds of which is in budded fruit. The most of his farm is devoted to general farm- ing and stock-raising. Among the stock are some fine specimens of Jersey cattle and good American horses. His improvements are first- class, consisting of a well-ordered cottage resi- dence and commodious barns and out-buildings, the general appearance of which attest the suc- cessful farmer. ETis cottage residence is located upon liigh ground, which affords a magnificent view of the Azusa Valley away to the south. It is situated in a natural park of live-oak trees, the grounds of ■which have been transformed into shaded lawns. Mr. La Fetra's lands are supplied with water from various mountain canons, which he has developed by tunnels, etc., and the system is capable of being increased so as to furnish from twenty-five to thirty inches. In addition to his home farm of 160 acres, he is the owner, in connection with liis brother, M. H. La Fetra, of some 300 acres of land adjoining his premises. These lands are beautifully lo- cated, and among the most desirable for villa residence purposes in the East San Gabriel Valley. The erection of the Methodist Female College, under the direction and control of the University of Southern California, upon his lands, is to be one of the events in the near future. The subject of this sketch is a native of Ilarveysburg, Warren County, Ohio, born in IIISTOUY OF LOS ANOELBS COUNTY. 184:4. His father was James li. La Fetra, a na- tive of JNew Jersey, who, early in life, took np his residence in Ohio, and there engaged in agricnltural and mercantile pursuits. Ilis mother, nee Sarah Harniell, was a native of "Warren County, Ohio. Mr. La Fetra was reared upon his father's farm until about eighteen years of age, receiving a good education. He was then for a short time engaged in his father's store, after which he completed his education at the Ohio Weslejan University, at Delaware. Upon the completion of his studies at that in- stitution, he returned to his native place and was engaged in mercantile and other pursuits with his father, until about 1872. At that time he went to AVashington, District of Columbia, where he was employed as the business manager of the Washington Chronicle. He held that responsible position until the summer of 1874, when he came to California, and in the spring of the next year located in Los Angeles, where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits and other enterprises until betook up his present residence in 1883. Mr. La Fetra is a man of culture and trained business habits, a desirable acquisition to any community, well meriting the respect and esteem accorded him by his friends and associates. He is a member and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Glendora. In politics he is allied with the Republican party, but in principle is a strong Prohibitionist. In 1881 Mr. La Fetra was united in marriage with Miss Stella B. Lanterman, the only daughter of Dr. J. L. Lanterman, a prominent citizen and principal owner of the famous Kancho La Canada, Los Angeles County. fLAUBERSHEIMER, druggist in Wil- mington, came to Los Angeles County as ' a soldier in 1861, and in 1864 located here as a druggist, which business he has suc- cessfully and ])rotitably carried on up to the present time. This gentleman is a native of Bavaria, Germany, lie came fo America in 1849, landing first in New York, and later going to St. Louis, Missouri, where he engaged in the grocery business. After this he traveled exten- sively through several of the States, and in 1856 came to California, coming by the typical mode of travel at that time — the ox team, and being a little over six months on the road. He en- gaged in mining in Amador County until he entered the service of the country. He enlisted in the First Regiment, California Infantry Vol- unteers, serving three years and being mustered out at Prescott, Arizona. He Was • hospital steward, and was in several Indian fights, and was also on the celebrated march to the Rio Grande, under General Carlton. Mr. Lauber- sheinier was married August 20, 1867, to Miss Lucy Chapman, of Los Angeles, and daughter of Charles Chapman. They have a family of five children: Lilian, a graduate of the Normal School at Los Angeles, and now an active teacher in the county; Adina, Daniel, George and Grace. The subject of this sketch has dealt suc- cessfully in real estate, and is the owner of val- uable lands in this and San Bernardino County. He has built as fine a residence on the corner of Fifth and D streets, Wilmington, as there is south of Los Angeles. ... „i?i.'iir.?i, ... B. S. LEWIS, now engaged in the milling business in Long Beach, has been a resident of California since 1877. He located first at Wilmington where he farmed for about a year. He subse(juently purchased farm lots five and six of the Wilming- ton tract of the Cerritus Ranch. This he lived on and improved until he came to Long IJeach, where he has built the mill property, and where he lias also been actively and successfully en- gaged in buying and selling real estate. Mr. Lewis is a native of Missouri, and a descendant of one of the best old Virginia families. He was born in Saline County, Missouri, in 1840, and is the son of William It. and Elizabeth Lewis. Ho received a trc.o.l cunimoii. school ni STORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. education, and after the death of his lather, which occurred in 1857, his mother sent llini to school in Virginia. He attended school at Staunton preparatory to the University. From here he returned to the old homestead and took cliarge of the farm until the war broke out. He at once enlisted in the Southern army, and en- tered Company D, Gordon's Regiment, Missouri Cavalry, Shelby's Brigade. He was captured by Price's last raid, and carried a prisoner to Indianapolis, where he was kept until May 22, 18G5. After the war he again took charge of the old farm. October 18, 1868, he married Miss Mary Garrison, a native of Kentucky, and a daughter of John and Sarah Garrison, who were also descendants from one of the best families of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis have been blessed with four children: Sadie M., William IL, John C. and Ernest Lynn. Polit- ically the subject of this sketch affiliates with the Democratic party. He and his wife are both highly esteemed members of the Presby- terian Church, in M-hich Mr. Lewis holds the office of elder. Their residence is on the corner of Second and Linden streets. Long Beach, Cali- fornia. '^■^B'^ I^AIiTIN LUPER, a farnjer three miles south of Norwalk, is a native of the Key- stone State, born in. Crawford County, Pennsylvania, in 1817, and is a son of Jacob and JMancy (McMuntry) Lnper. His father moved to Huron County, Ohio, when Martin was twelve years old, and there followed farm- ing until his death. Mr. Luper went to Hli- nois when a young man, and there, on October 24, 1841, married Margaret Robinson, who died April 11, 1844, leaving one child. He married Frances Dunbar, April 14, 1846, with whom he crossed the plains in the early days of California, coming with three two-horse wagons and eighteen yoke of cattle, about half of them being cows, and one span of mules and one of mares. They were on the way from April till August 27, 1853. His wife died May 16, 1859, leaving five children. He followed farming very successfully in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, till 1878, when he moved to Los An- geles County. Since coming here he has also been very successful. He owned aiine farm near Downey till recently, when he sold out at a hand- some profit and bought 160 acres of land where he now lives. He has built a very commodious residence and barn, overlooking the finest scope of country toward tlie ocean that can be seen in this county. On this rancii he has two fine artesian wells, and has planted some fine or- chardsof bluegum, oranges, peaches andapricots; and in his wide and fertile pastures may be seen some of the finest horses in this or any other part of the State. Mr. Luper married Mary Gosuer in Los Angeles, February 8, 1889. She is a native of the Buckeye State, being born near Mount Vernon, and is a daughter of Dr. Joseph and Sarah (Plue) Gosner. Her father was of Pennsylvania Dutch origin, and her mother of French. Her father was a farmer in his early life, but later a practicing physician. Mr. Luper has been a man of energy and eminently suc- cessful. He is one to whom " Nature has been kind," and in his old days, wliich are now be- ginning to come on, he will be able to extract as much comfort from life as any man living. - -^^$^m^^ — fOLOMON LAZARD,who has been a resi- dent of Los Angeles for thirty -seven years, is a native of Lorraine, France, where he was born April 5, 1827. He came to New York in 1844, and to California, via New Orleans and the Isthmus, in 1851, and to Los Angeles in 1852. He was engaged in mercantile business, on the corner of Aliso and Los Angeles streets, from 1852 till 1867 — about fifteen years — when he moved to Main street, northeast of the Dow- ney Block, where he carried on a large dry- goods business, under the name of " The City of Paris," till 1874, when he sold out to Eugene Meyer & Co., who afterward removed that e.x- HISTORY OF LOIS ANQELES COUNTY. tensive emporium to its present quarters on Spring street. In 1868 S. Lazard, F. Beaudry and Dr. J. S. Griffin bought of J. L. Sainsevaine and D. W. Alexander their lease from the city to lay pipes and supply water, etc., with the understanding that the city would renew the lease for thirty years, and the iievr lessees would lay iron in place of the wooden pipes with which the city was then being supplied with water. A joint stock company was formed, of which the original members were: Lazard, Beaudry, Grif- fin, Meyer, Sainsevaine, C. Lepan and ex- Governor John G. Downey. The original water pipes laid for the city by Mr. Sainsevaine and D. Marchessault were made of logs of pine from the mountains of San Bernardino, bored and fitted end to end together. The cost of iron pipes was then thought to be beyond the reach, financially, of our primitive city. Of course, soft sugar-pine logs could not be made into very durable water pipes, and, as a consequence, they were continually bursting, and springs of water were constantly making their appearance in our streets wherever these wooden pipes were laid. Workmen were compelled to clamp them with iron bands; but the leaks were too many for them. Mr. Marchessault, who had formerly been mayor of the city, and who was superin- tendent of these wooden water- works, committed suicide one morning in the old city council room, in the adobe on the site of the present Phillips Block, on Spring street. Whether dis- couragement at the hopelessness of stopping these perennial leaks had anything to do with driving him to this desperate deed is not cer- tainly known. Mr. Sainsevaine, who died a mouth or two ago in this city, offered these water-works to the administrators of the Will- iam Wolfskin estate for about $9,000, which, though lie truly characterized them as " inag- nijiqm" they declined. The City Water Com- pany, to whom he sold the franchise later, have now a magnificent and very extensive iron pipe system, with an annual income running up into the hundreds oF thoubands of dollars, thus mak- ing true to the letter the words of good Don Louis Sainsevaine that, in view of its future value, he was offering for a mere nominal price something that was really " maynifique." Mr. Lazard, who had the nerve and the foresight to take hold of this great enterprise, has been a stockholder and director of the company from the first organization of the same till the present time. On July 5, 1865, Mr. Lazard married Miss Carrie, daughter of Mr. Joseph Newinark, longa resideutuf this city, but now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Lazard have six children — three boys and three girls. The eldest daughter is married to Louis Lewin, of the firm of Michel Levy & Co. Li 1861 Mr. Lazard visited France, when he was arrested on the pretext that, though he was a naturalized citizen of the United States, he owed military duty to his native country, lie was promptly tried by court-martial and sentenced to sixdays' imprisonment, which he served, when he was taken to the barracks of his regiment. The matter was finally settled by his hiring a substitute, when he was released. Our Minister, Mr. Faulkner, took much interest in the matter; but he could do very little, as France insists that every native-born Frencliman owes seven years' military service to his country, and that absence or expatriation does not annul that obli- gation, and if he ever returns he must perform it. Formerly, French law provided that if the subject paid a certain amount (3,500 francs), which was the amount Mr. Lazard paid, the Government would undertake to sujjply the substitute. But that law lias been abrogated, and now if an expatriated Frenchman owing military duty sets foot on French soil, he is com- pelled to serve out his time in prison. AVID LEWIS, deceased, was one of the early men of San Gabriel Valley, a man who, by his active, honorable life, won the respect and esteem of an entire community, a law-abiding citizen, a liberal in religion, un- hampered by creeds, just to all men, kind and charitable to the necilv. His life was .so well UISTOUY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY spoilt that !ill who knew him felt bereaved at his deatli. Mr. Lewis was Imrn ami reared in Clieinuiig County, New Yurk, the year of his birtli being 1820. He crossed the plains, deserts and mountains to this State, and located in San Gabriel Valley in 1851. October 2, 1852, he wedded Miss Susan A. Thom])son. Their home was two miles southeast of what is now El Monte. There he engaged in general farming, though in later years he turned liis attention to tlie culture of hops. To him were born eight cliiklren, live of whom lived to receive a father's loving care and to become men and women. At the home he founded in the prime of manhood, his widow and her son Chauncey yet reside. The names of all the children in order of their birth are: Isabella, now the wife of A. T. Garey, of Los Angeles; Hardy and Chauncey, twins (Hardy died at the age of four years); Ira D., a resident of El Monte; Abbie IL, the wife of Albert Kowland, of Fuente Ranch; Agnes died in infancy; Olive is the wife of Chai'les Black- ley, of El Monte; and Ida, who died in infancy. Chauncey and Ira D. are their mother's assist- ants. Ira I), is at present deputy sheriff of this district. Mr. Lewis died January 21, 1885, in his si.xty-tilth year. Mrs. Susan A. Lewis, a lady remarkable for her business qualities, com- bined as they are witli culture from early educational advantages in the East, is a repre- sentative of one of the early American families who settled in San Gabriel Valley. Her father, Ira Thompson, was born in the old Green Mountain State in 1800, of one of the old New England families. He because a stone mason, and after reaching manhood was a resident of the State of Massachusetts. There he wedded, in 1832, Miss Eebecca Hall, who was born in 1812, also in the State of Vermont, and of an old family. Their home was made in the town of Amherst, Massachusetts, where Mrs. Lewis was born, and also her eldest brother, El bridge R. When tiie children were quite young the parents moved to Terre Haute, Indiana, thence to the State of "Wisconsin, and later to Musca- tine, Iowa, where Mrs. Lewis received much of her schooling. In June, 1850, having made ample preparation for a long, leisurely journey to this county, the family started on the over- land journey. They drove ox teams, and brought cows. Plenty of time was taken, resting for months, as rest was needed, where the neces- saries of life could be had and comfort secured. Her mother's youngest child was born on the Gila River, opposite P'orl Yuma, and named Hila, the English pronunciation of the name of the river. She lived to marry Wallace Case, of San Bernardino County, but died at the age of twenty-four years. The eighteenth birthday of Mrs. Lewis occurred January 8, 1851, while the family were at Tucson, Arizona. July 18, 1851, the family reached their future home, "Willow Grove," at what is now El Monte. Mr. Thomp- son was the founder and improver of the "Wil- low Grove" projierty. Then they opened a hotel, on a small scale at first, later building larger, also improving fifty acres of land. He kept the overland stage station, becoming known and respected far and wide. He was a strong, stalwart New England man. His death occurred in June, 1865. His widow still lives, and is in excellent health considering her age. Besides her children whose names have been mentioned, we give tlie names of the others as Ira S., who died in Shasta County, this State, leaving a large family; Lucy, now Mrs. Lucy Maxy, of Los Angeles; Joseph, a ranch owner of this county; and Harriet R., now Mrs. Harriet R. Park, of Reno, Nevada. Mrs. Lewis is the eldest of the children. t I CHARD LIVINGSTON, foundry man, No. 432 South Los Angeles street, Los Angeles, is a native of Canada, born in Montreal, June 12, 1852. He was reared in Ohio, and served an apprenticeship to his trade in Mansfield, .ifter reaching manhood he came to the Pacific Coast, in 1875, and engaged in mining in Plumas County, in the Feather River mines, remaining there six years. He came to UIsroliT OF LOS ANOMLES COUNTY. 537 Los Angeles in 1882, and was employed at the iJaker Iron Works for eight months, after which he was with Bath & Fosnier one year. lie then started the Union Iron and Brass Foundry, tak- ing in J. B. Ginther, the tirm being Livingston »fe Ginther, and later George Morton became in- terested with thein, when the name ' ed to the Union Foundry and Machine Company. It continued until July, 1887, when Messrs. Livingston and Ginther withdrew, and the Union Iron Works bought the foundry business. Mr. Livingston ran the foundry for them about six months, and in July, 1888, he and his son estab- lished the present business. Afterward Mr. Cornelius bought an interest and the lirni be- came Livingston & Cornelius. They do all kinds of light foundry, iron and brass work. Mr. Livingston has had a large practical experi- ence, and the firm has built up a good trade. In 1871 Air. Livingston married Miss Jennie Starry, of Richland County, (3hio. They have four children: Frank, Maud, May and Susie. tNNA E. LOGAN. — Among the representa- tive farm properties of the Azusa section is that owned by Mrs. Logan. This farm consists of 150 acres and is located in the Azusa school district, five miles directly south of Duarte and four miles north of Puente. Her lands are devoted principally to general farm- ing, though well adapted to fruit culture, as is attested by the remarkably fine specimens of citrus and deciduous fruit trees to be found in her orchards. Mrs. Logan has one of the most attractive and beautiful residence properties in tiiat section. She i)urchased the place in 1877 from Mrs. Mary I. Caldwell, it being a portion of the well-known Reed tract. A neat and well- ordered cottage residence was erected in 1881 and Mrs. Logan commened improving the grounds by the planting of ornamental trees and flowers, also laying out circular drives, which were bordered witii cypress hedges. She is en- tlinsiastie in horticultural pursuits, and most of the rich floral productions, etc., have been planted atid reared by her own hands. Mrs. Logan is one of those energetic ladies to whom the word failure is unknown. She has, with her characteristic sound business principles and practical knowledge, built up and conducted for years one of the finest farms in this section, achieving a success in her enterprise that is often sought for in vain by practical farmers. Mrs. Logan is a native of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in which State she was reared and married. Her husband was Daniel Logan, a native also of that State, and a farmer by oc- cupation. Domestic troubles arose, and Mrs. Logan secured a divorce. Her daughter, Mary E. Logan, had married John B. Reichard in 1876 and had come to California. It was natural for the mother to follow her only child and remain near her, so she at once took up her present residence just west of her daughter, and commenced the practical life of a horticulturist. Mrs. Logan is well known in the community where she has resided for the past twelve years. Her straightforward and consistent course of life, and the interest she has taken in the welfare and prosperity of her section^ have gained her the well-inerited respect and esteem of a large circle of friends. '^DDISON W. LEE.— Ai the prorai 1^1 nent capitalists and health-seekers who ^a^ have chosen the beautiful Monrovia for a residence is the above-named gentleman, whose elegant residence, located at the corner of Pros- l)ect and Grand avenues, is one of the land- marks among the beautiful homes that nestle at the base of the Sierra Madre Mountains. In February, 1888, Mr. Lee purchased one acre of land at the above-named location and immedi- ately commenced its improvement and the erec- tion of a home. In this he spared no expense. The location of his residence gives one of the most pleasing, varied and magnificent views that it is possible to obtain of the San Gabriel Valley, while the immediate grounds are beau- tified with lawns, floral productions and orna- mental trees; nor has he failed to combine the useful with the ornamental, for he has planted on his grounds nearly 150 of the choicest citrus and deciduous fruit-trees to be obtained. Mr. Lee is largely identified with Los Angeles County and is one-third owner (with Messi's. Speiice and Bieknell) of the well-known Chiirch tract, comprising Tit) acres, about three miles and a half southeast of Monrovia. With the exception of thirty acres of deciduous fruits this land is now (1889) devoted to hay and grain. The brief facts given in regard to the life of Mr. Lee, and his success in business pur- suits, are of interest. He is a native of Huron County, Ohio, dating his birth in 1829, the son of Benjamin and Mary (Smith) Lee, both of whom were of old families of New England, his father being a native of New Hampshire, and his mother of Rhode Island. His parents were among the early settlers of Huron County, having taken up his residence there in 1820. Mr. Lee was early in life put to work, and given but limited time to devote to schooling. From the age of ten to twenty years he was almost constantly engaged in the hotel and on the farm of his father. In the fall of 1849 he con- cluded to seek his fortunes in the El Dorado of the West, and started via New Orleans for Cal- ifornia, arriving in San Francisco in January, 1850. He proceeded to Sacramento and there joined his brother. Barton Lee, and was with him engaged in mercantile pursuits, and later in the livery business. In 1851 he returned to Ohio, and engaged in farming in Huron County. From 1866 to 1869 he spent in railroading. In the latter year he went to Toledo, Ohio, and established himself in the manufacture of bar- rel staves, heading, hoops, etc. He was success- ful in his enterprise, and in 1873 moved to Henry County, Ohio, where he increased his business, establishing three large factories and employing a large corps of men. The success he achieved and the accumulation of large prop- erty interests in various counties in Ohio, is the result of his business habits, his strong will, and his untiring energy in carrying to an end whatever he undertook. Years of this life has broken his health, and recently he has sought the genial climate of Southern California, for a much needed rest. Despite his business cares, he takes an intelligent interest in politics, and is an uncompromising Republican. In 1851 Mr. Lee married Miss Mercy Hoyt. She died in 1867, leaviiig one son, Dwight L., who is lUtldY OF LOS ANGELES GOUNTY. now (1889) a resident of Lucas County, Ohio. In 1868 Mr. Lee married Mrs. Eliza C. (Wiers) Yates. SLDRIDGE W. LITTLE was born in Fred- erick, Maryland, in 1832. His father, William Little, was born in Pennsylvania, and his mother, nee Wilhelmina Stanger, was a native of Prussia. In his youth Mr. Little's parents moved to Springfield, Clarke County, Ohio, and later, in 1841, emigrated to Iowa and located in Louisa County. His father was one of the pioneers of that county, and built the first house erected in Columbus City. In 1848 the fviniily moved to Ogle County, Illinois, and there the subject of this sketch was educated, completing liis studies in Eock River Semi- nary. At the age of twenty years he left the school and engaged in the study of medicine; but not feeling suited for the practice of that profession, he entered upon legal studies, and in 1857 was admitted to the bar, and com- menced the practice of his profession in Oregon, Ogle County, Illinois. He was successful in his profession and took a leading part in the afi'airs of the community in which he resided. He was superintendent of schools in Ogle County from 1858 to 1862. In the latter year, at the urgent solicitation of Secretary Fred Law Olmstead, he entered the employ of the United States Sanitary Commission as a Field Agent — making no charge for his services — and for the next year was with the Army of the Potomac. Then he accepted a clerkship in the office of General Meigs, Quartermaster-General of the United States Army, and in 1865 was appointed chief clerk to General Luddington, Chief Quar- termaster of the Department of Washington. Mr. Little held this responsible position for the ne.Kt four years, spending two years of that time in Santa P'e, New Mexico. In 1869 he returned to Washington, and in the spring of that year was appointed United States Sub-Treasurer at Santa Fe. He was also Iveceiver of the Land Office and agent for the payment of pensions at that place. As receiver he made the first sale of public lands in the Territory of New Mexico Mr. Little's trained business habits and legal mind soon enabled him to place the aftairs of his office, which had been for years badly man- aged, upon a sound basis, and gained him the high encomiums of his superiors at Washing- ton. He held his office until 1874, and then resigned to accept the position of secretary and assistant treasurer of the Orinoco Navigation Company of New York, of which Governor A. B. Cornell was president, which he held until 1876. In 1871 he was appointed one of the managing commissioners of the Centennial Ex- hibition, and at the close of his labors in 1876 he accepted a position on the editorial staff of the Daily Herald and Sunday Chronicle, of Philadelphia. In Febraary of 1877 Mr. Little re-entered upon his legal profession, and as the attorney of the Pusey-Jones Company, a large ship-building company of Wilmington, Dela- ware, went, in their interest, to South America, where he remained until the spring of 1878. In 1874 Mr. Little married Miss Lulu Pile, the daughter of General William A. Pile, now of Monrovia. Mrs. Little became an invalid, and in 1878 Mr. Little was compelled to abandon his business occupations and seek the restora- tion of his wife's health. He accordingly took up his residence at Ocean Grove, near Long Branch, New Jersey, where he resided until the fall of 1886. In that year he came to Califor- nia and in December located at Monrovia, Los Angeles County. Upon his arrival he pur- chased three and a half acres of land on the south side of Banana avenue, east of Mayflower avenue. In March, 1887, he commenced the erection of his handsome residence. Mr. Little has one of the representative places of Monro- via, and has spared no expense in fitting his home with all the modern conveniences, and even luxuries, that characterize a well-ordered home. His grounds are beautifully laid out, rich in ornamental trees and flowers. He has also planted 104 citrus fruit trees and fifty de- niSTOUY OF LOS ANGELES GOUNTT. cidnous fruit trees, comprising a large variety of the most approved fruits grown in liis sec- tion. In 1887 Mr. Little commenced the practice of his profession in Monrovia, and has been identified witli the remarkable building up and growth of that city. Upon the incorporation of the city of Monrovia in December, 1887, he was appointed city attorney, a position which he has since held; and in the same month was appointed a notary public by the Governor of the State. He is the secretary and treasurer of the Monrovia Street Kaiiroad and one of the original incorporators of that company. In pol- itics Mr. Little is a Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Little have one child, William E. ^-^3--^^ p. LARGE. — Among the repre- sentative business men of the city of Monrovia, mention must be made of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Large is the senior member of tiie firm of Large & Wheeler, dealers in furniture, carpets, oil-cloth, etc. Tlieir es- tablisliment is located on Myrtle street, and is the pioneer furniture store of Monrovia, having been established in October, 1887. Mr. Large came to Los Angeles County in the spring of 1886 and located at Pasadena, where he was en- gaged in real-estate business and building enter- prises until became to Monrovia in June, 1887. Upon his arrival in Monrovia he identified him- self with its interests, purchasing and improving both business and residence property. He is the owner of the store he occupies, also a sub- stantial residence on Myrtle street, and other real estate in the city. Mr. Large is a native of Muskingum Connty, Ohio, dating his birth in 1853. He is the son of Andrew T. and Sarah (Hendrickson) Large. His father is a native of New Jersey, and a carpenter and builder by trade. In Mr. Large's youth, his parents located in Monroe County, Wisconsin, where he was reared and received his schooling until 1865. In that year the family moved to Chicago. At an early age the subject of tliis sketch was put to work in his father's shops, and there learned the carpenter's trade. When about seventeen years of age he entered the employ of the well- known firm of F. H. Hill & Co., of Chicago, as a shipping clerk. The great fire of Chicago in 1871 swept away most of the business houses of that city, and at that time he returned to his trade, helping to rebuild the city. In 1872 the house of F. H. Hill & Co. re-established them- selves in business and he again entered their employ. He remained in their service, filling many positions of responsibility and trust until 1886, when he came to California. Mr. Large has taken a deep interest in the growth and prosperity of his chosen city, and has been a liberal supporter of such enterprises as tend to advance the welfare of the community. He was one of the first school trustees of the city, a po- sition that he still iiolds. In politics he is a consistent Republican, taking an interest in the affairs of his party, serving as a delegate to the county conventions. In 1888 he married Miss Jeanette Beebe, the daughter of Alonzo Beebe, a well-known resident and pioneer of Kendall County, Illinois, in which county Mrs. Large was born. Mr. Large's father is at this writing (1889) a resident of San Diego. His mother died at that place in 1888. fIDNEY LACEY, notary public and a dealer in real estate at Los Angeles, is a native of England, and was born in Bristol in 1845, his parents being John and Anna Maria (Davies) Lacey. His father was a me- chanic and of Irish ancestry, while his motlier was of Welsh parentage. Young Lacey was educated in the common schools until his thir- teenth year, when he began to clerk in the dry- goods store of Mr. William Jones, at Bristol, and was so employed until 1863, when, in the early part of that year, lie came to America. After visiting friends in Canada he went to De- troit, Micliigan, and was employed as clerk by the dry-goods firm of Campbell, Linn & Co., niSTORT OF LOS ANGELES GOUNTT. until 1867. He then started for the West, and after spending two years in Colorado, New Mexico and Dakota, and being variously em- ployed, he came to California; and while so- journing at San Francisco he was employed in the carpet house of Mitchell & Bell as clerk and carpet-layer for about one year. In 1870 he came to Los Angeles under an engagement with Smith & Walter, the pioneer carpet, upholstery and paper firm of Los Angeles, with whom he remained until 1873, when he engaged in the same business with the firm of Dotter & Lord, afterward Dotter & Bradley, which later merged into the Los Angeles Furniture Company, re- maining with the concern through its various changes, by having an interest and being an em- ploye, until 1886. Li that year he made a trip to the East to visit the friends he had left twenty years before. lie returned to Los Angeles in the summer of the same year, and being a member of the Democratic State Central Committee for the county of Los Angeles, he spent several months during the campaign at San Francisco, working with the executive committee of the Democratic State Committee, in behalf of the party candidates. In 1885, while in the employ of Dotter & Bradley, lie started the carpet beat- ing and cleaning works known as the Los An- geles Carpet Beating Works, which are located on Alvarado street, above the woolen-mill reser- voir, said works being still owned and run b}' him. In 1887 he was commissioned notary public by Governor Bartlett, and wa^ re-ap- pointed in March, 1889, by Governor Waterman, and during the same year he engaged in the real-estate business at Los Angeles, in which business he is still actively engaged at 101 North Main street. Politically he is a Democrat, ever being active in the interests of his party. He has been a delegate to every Democratic State Convention for the past ten years, and lias been a member of the State Central Committee for Los Angeles County since 1879; a member of the executive committee of the same for six years, and is still a member. The holding of the late Democratic State Convention at Los Angeles, which jiassed off so harmoniously, is conceded by all to be due to the exertions of Mr. Lacey. December 10, 1874, he was mar- ried at Los Angeles to Miss Conception E. Williams, a native of Los Angeles, and of Eng- lish-Spani'ih parentage. Her parents are both deceased. Mr. Lacey is a member of Ashler Lodge, No. 91, F. & A. M., of Detroit. Michi- gan, lie is one of the organizers of the Iroquois Club (Democratic) of Los Angeles, of which he is president, the membership of the club being over 200. fARL LAUX, proprietor of Laux's phar- macy stores Nos. 48 South Spring stre jt and 447 South Fort street, has been in the drug business for more than a quarter of a century, and is a thoroughly representative man in his profession in all that that term signifies. He was born iti Germany forty-six years ago, and came with his parents to America in early child- hood. On reaching the proper age he began to learn the drug business, and was engaged in it in various capacities of employe and proprietor in the city of Chicago over twenty years. Be- ing affected with bronchial trouble, induced by the rigorous climate of Chicago, Mr. Laux de- cided to sell out his prosperous business in the Lake City, in 1883, and came to California. Locating in Los Angeles, he resumed the drug business at 208 North Main street. After pur- chasing the store he refitted and refurnished it and put in an entire new stock of goods. Tiiis store he has recently removed to the handsome new Burdick Block, corner of Spring and Second streets. The store, which is furnished in curly redwood, is one of the finest and most completely stocked retail drug houses in Southern Cali- fornia. A prominent feature of Mr. Laux's ex- tensive ti-ade is his large prescription business. He prepares several proprietary compounds, among which area quinine hair tonic, a " bead- ing oil " for liquor manufacturers and dealers, and his celebrated Kumyss, a beverage alike HISTORY OF LOS AN0ELE8 COUNTY. palatable, healthful and nutritious. Mr. Laux ■was one of the first in Chicago to manufacture Knm3-ss, by a forn-iula of his own. It soon gained great popularity and had a large sale. He now makes a great specialty of this remedial agent so valuable for persons with weak or dis- eased digestive organs, and being the only manufacturer of Kumyss in the State, south of San Francisco, he sells large quantities of it. His formula is so superior to any other that the druogists of the Golden Gate City use it. Mr. Lanx's iaith in the therapeutic advantages of the Southern California climate has been fully real- ized in his complete restoration to health since settling in Los Angeles. Confident of the great future of Los Angeles, Mr. Laux has recently increased his business by starting a branch store at 447 South Fort street. ,1LT0N LINDLEY, Esq., is a native of North Carolina and was born in Guilford County in 1820. When he was twelve years of age his parents, David and Mary (Hadley) Lindley, removed to Morgan County, Indiana. The former was of English- Scotch and the latter of English-L-ish extrac- tion. She was a descendant of the Hadleys, one of the old and prominent Quaker families of. Hendricks County, Indiana. Milton Lind- ley lived with his parents until manhood and was given only a common-school education, yet through much reading and study — which is even now his daily habit — he has acquired an excellent education. Although reared a farmer he did not follow that vocation, but on leaving the homestead started out on his business ca- reer as a harness and saddle maker at Monrovia, Indiana, which occupation he continued for twelve years. In 1850 he engaged in general, merchandising at the same pilace, and four years later, when his health became impaired by a too close application to business, he engaged in farming and afterward in general merchandis- ing in Hendricks County, Indiana, remaining there twelve years. During this time he was sent East by a number of wealthy gentlemen to study the new National banking system. His investigations proving satisfactory, he assisted in organizing the First National Bank of Dan- ville, Indiana, which is yet a stanch institu- tion. In 1866 he removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he resided until the latter part of 1875. In that year he came to Los Angeles, having previously spent two winters there for the benefit of his health. He pur- chased forty acres of land adjoining the western limits of the city, which he devoted to fruit culture, the varieties being so numerous that he could pluck ripe fruit of several kinds every day in the year. Selling his ranch in 1882 and retiring from business, he became a resi- dent of the city of Los Angeles. Politically he is a Eepublican. In 1879 he was elected treasurer of Los Angeles County, which posi- tion he held for three yeais, holding over one year on account of a constitutional change. In 1884 he was elected a member of the county board of supervisors, and served as such during 1885 and 1886. Mr. Lindley was married in 1849, at Belleville, Hendricks County, Indiana, to Miss Mary A. Banta, daughter of Cornelius and Elizabeth (Eccles) Banta. She was born in Madison, Jefferson County, Indiana, but reared principally in Hendricks County. She is a member of the Christian Church. They are the parents of nine children, seven of whom are living: Walter, a physician of Los Angeles; Ilervey, banker and dealer in real estate at the same place; Ida B., filling the chair of modern languages in the University of Southern Cali- fornia at Los Angeles; Arthur, a contractor of Claremont, California; William, a physician of Albion, Idaho; Albert, solicitor and collector for the Black Diamond Coal Company, of Los Ange- les; and Bertha, still at home, and a graduate in both letters and music, of the University of Southern California, with the class of 1887. Mr. Lindley is now nearly seventy years of age, but retains all the genial social attributes for which he was noted during his younger days. nrSTORY OF LOS ANO ISLES COUNTY. While a careful business man, he is also a gen- erous one, anil what he has given to assist worthy young men and religious, charitable and educational institutions would be consid- ered a competence by almost any family. He has yet with him, much of the time, his mother, who is bright and intelligent and eighty-seven years of age. With a wife, wiio has been in every sense of the word a helpmate to him for the last forty years, with seven grown children around him, with several grandcliildren looking up to him with love and veneration, he is pass- ing the evening of a well-spent life in this sunny land of the Pacific Coast, where the orange, the vine and the fig-tree flourish, and the mighty ocean and majestic mountains pro- claim the glory of the Creator. -^^€(i!"ii)» tERVEY LINDLEY, of Los Angeles, was born in Belleville, Hendricks County, Indi- ana, June 25, 1854. When twelve years of age his family moved to Minneapolis, Min- nesota, where he was educated in the grammar and high schools. In 1870 he began learning the lumber business, with one of the leading Minne- apolis firms. Threeyears later, when but nineteen years of age, he became a partner in the lumber business in Waterloo, Iowa. He soon became one of Waterloo's most active citizens and, while always refusing an}' political office him- self, was very active in the Republican party. He served for several years as secretary and treas- urer of the Republican County Central Com- mittee. In 1875 he was married to Miss Kate (/. Owens, of Waterloo. Like many other suc- cessful men, Mr. Lindley can attribute much of his prosperity and advancement in life to the force of character and wise council of his wife. The firm in which Mr. Lindley owned a one- half interest soon established three branch yards in Dakota, all proving very profitable. In 1879 Mr. Lindley came on a visit to his father and family in Los Angeles. He was much delighted with Southern California, and returned to Iowa determined to close out his business and trans- fer his home to the Pacific Coast. Almost immediately on his becoming a resident of Los Angeles, he was recognized as a considerable factor in financial, political and social circles. The co-operation of his active, comprehensive mind is always considered a valuable aid to any enterprise for which it can be secured. Mr. Lindley was one of the organizers of the Cali- fornia Bank of Los Angeles, in which he is a director and member of the finance committee. He is a stockholder in the Southern California ■ National Bank of Los Angeles, and a one- third owner in the Whittier Bank. While he spends the most of his time in Los Angeles, he has a country residence at Whittier, twelve miles away. Mr. Lindley takes great pride in the village of Whittier, where he has several hun- dred acres of land devoted to barley and fruit. Ilis farm and his horses are his chief delight and recreation, and he is never happier than when he can take a day's absence from his multifarious duties in Los Angeles and spend it with his stock and trees. While a business man in business matters, he is also very generous, and his purse is invariably open to every worthy call for aid. He was recently appointed by the Gov'ernor of California as president of a board of three trustees to locate, build and control a State Reform School, for which the Legislature has appropriated $200,000. He was also selected as one of a commission of five to control the police department of the city of Los Angeles, under the new charter adopted early in 1889. Hervey Lindley is noted for his indefatigable energy and industry, his keen, quick and com- prehensive mental grasp, his incorruptibility and his intense patriotism. He is a typical American, and his boyhood days were spent where the strains of Yankee Doodle from the fife and drum of the recruiting ofiicer were making the blood of the Union man run quick from heart to head and from head to heart again; where wounded boys in blue came home to tell of the valor of the country's defenders, who were risking their lives that the " stars and UIsrORV OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. stripes " might float over a free and undivided country. Cradled in such an atmosphere, his every fiber thrills with love for his liome and native land. tNTONIO MARIA LUGO.— One of the old patriarchs of California, whose de- scendants to the fourth and fifth genera- tion are scattered throughout the State, was born at the Mission of San Antonio de Padua in 1775, and died in 1860. He was a soldier here under the King of Spain. He lived many years in a large adobe house on the east side of Negro alley, which in early times, before gam- blers and Chinamen took possession of that lo- cality, was a sightly and desirable place of resi- dence. There the greater portion of his large family of children were born. He told the writer in 185G, that he obtained permission to settle on his Kancho of San Antonio where he then lived (near the present town of Corapton), in 1813, after the expiration of his term of serv- ice as a soldier. Later he obtained a formal grant of eleven leagues. Eventually, as his boys grew up, and his flocks and herds increased to such an extent that he did not know what to do with tliein, he obtained a grant in his boys' name of the Rancho of San Bernardino, which at that time belonged to this county, and a portion of his horses and cattle were moved to the new gract, where they continued to increase and multiply. In after years he planted a vine- yard on San Pedro street, and sometimes made his home in the long adobe house on the tract, still standing, and belonging to his grand- daughter, Mrs. Woodworth, now Mrs. O'Reilley. In the latter part of hia life, he used to ride into town on horseback with a sword strapped to his saddle, according to the custom of Span- ish Caballeros. One of Mr. Lugo's daughters, Merced, married a Perez; she is still living and is now the wife of Stephen C. Foster; her daughter married Wallace Woodworth, and her grandchildren are numerous. Another daugh- ter of Lugo married Colonel Isaac Williams, the owner of El Chino Ranch. The descendants by this line include the Carlisles, the McDougalls, the Rains, etc., and their children. Don Jose Ygnacio Lugo the grandfather of the Wolfskills, was a brother of Don Antonio. The wife of old Sergeant Vallejo, mother of General Yallejo, was one of Lugo's sisters. tON. FREDERICK LAMBOURN, senior partner in the wholesale grocery firm of Lambourn & Turner, was born in England, in 1837, but passed most of his childhood youth on his father's farm in Marshall County, Illi- nois, his parents having immigrated to the United States while he was quite young. He attended Eureka College in Woodford County, Illinois, but did notstay long enough to graduate, for want of funds, and in 1859 came to California and has been a resident of Los Angeles County ever since. Previous to 1876 he was engaged in farming, wine-making and ranching, part of the time as manager of William Workman's exten- sive Puente stock ranch. In July of the year last named Mr. Lambourn started in the grocery business, in company with William F. Turner, his present partner, in one room of the brick block they now own and occupy, comprising numbers 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 Aliso street. The firm had erected the first story of that part of the block including numbers 29 and 31 the same year they opened their grocery in one of the rooms; and the following year (1887) built another story. Two or three years later they erected the first story of the remainder of the block, and some four years ago added the second story to that part. The block has over ninety feet frontage on Aliso street, and is a substan- tial business building. In the beginning of their modest mercantile ventures the proprietors did all the work, one of them acting as sales- man and book-keeper and the other delivering the goods to customers; but by upright dealing and judicious management the volume of busi- HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. iiess steadily increased and more help and facili- ties were .idded ; another, and later another, room was occupied; gradually a jobbing department was developed; and now the bulk of the goods liandled is sold by wholesale, though the firm does a flourishing business in the retail depart- ment. Their jobbing trade extends along the lines of railroad to points throughout Southern California and as far east as New Mexico and Western Texas. Mr. Lanibourn has had some experience in politics, having been elected on the Democratic ticket to the General Assembly of California, in which he served in 1875 and 1876, with satisfaction to his constituents. Since coming to Los Angeles, Mr. Lambourn married Miss Georgia Morrison, a Texas lady. They have two sons: Frederick Francis, aged nine years, and William Walter, seven years old. WILLIAM LITTLEBOY was born in Par- kersburg, Virginia, in April, 1840. On the breaking out of the civil war he en- listed in the Union army, and rose to the rank of staff officer. On June 5, 1864, he was appointed Captain of Commissary, in the Army of the Po- tomac, by President Lincoln, and served till about the close of the war. Soon after return- ing from the army, he located in Philadelphia, where he engaged in the drug business and soon built up a fine trade. But owing to ill health, he was compelled to seek a milder climate. After spending a winter or two in Florida, he decided to move to California, believing it to be a better State for business than the Peninsular State; he came from Philadelphia to Los Angeles in 1874, bringing with him, by steamer, a stock of drugs and store fixtures with which he fitted up and stocked the drug store now owned by his widow, Mrs. A. E. Littleboy, at Nos. 56 and 58 North Main street. During the ten years following he carried on a growing and prosperous business, which, at the time of his death, in 1884, was one of the best retail drug stores in the city. Since her husband's decease Mrs. Littleboy has continued the business with equal success under the efficient management of Mr. Edward T>. Rives, a practical pharmacist of some ten years' experience. Tlie fine store is kept fully stocked with the purest drugs and chemicals, and choicest toilet goods. The business requires the services of two clerks besides the manager. fRANK LEC0U7REUR is a native of Ortelsburg, East Prussia. lie was born June 7, 1830. He came to California by way of Cape Horn in 1851. Mr. Lecouvreur, who is a very accomplished civil engineer, was county surveyor four years; but most of his work in his profession has been done for private parties, in surveying ranches, etc., in this and other counties in Southern California. He was also engaged in the county clerk's office for a number of years. In June, 1877, he married Josephine Rosana Smith, a lady of Irish origin who had been for several years a resident of Los Angeles. They have no children. Mr. Le- couvreur, on account of ill health, has lived a retired life latterly, at his pleasant home on Main street. He is a man of great learning, and in former years he lived a very active and useful life; and he is held in the highest esteem by all who know liim. ^'^' tIEUTENANT-COLONEL M. MUDGE is one of the later pioneers of Compton, and one of Los Angeles County's most honored and popular men. He was born in Monroe County, New York, November 21, 1833, his parents being Ebenezer and Lucretia (Heaton) Mudge, the former a native of New York, and the latter of Vermont, and botli of English de- scent. The original families settled in Plymouth and Boston in 1638. In 1838 Ebenezer Mudge moved to Lenawee County, Michigan, and sub- sequently to Branch County, where he still lives, at Quincy. lie was born in 1804, was a miison U I STORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. by trade, and some of the line buildings in Buf- falo, JSfew York, stand as a monument to his architectural skill. The mother died in 1886, aged seventy-nine years. They had a family of four children, three still living. In the service of tlieir country in the late war, few men are deserving of more praise than is Lieutenant- Colonel M. Mudge. lie raised a company in 1801, in Branch County, Micliigan, for the three months' service, and was mustered in August 24, ill the Eleventh Michigan Volunteer In- fantry. December 9 his command moved to Louisville, Kentucky, was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland, and remained with that army till Atlanta was taken. January 7, 1863, he was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel of the same regiment, which rank he held till mustered out near the close of the war. At the battle of Chickamauga he received a severe wound in the left arm. While convalescing he was assigned to court-martial duty, and was president of Gen- eral Thomas's court. After his recovery he asked and obtained leave to join his regiment at the front at Atlanta, and commanded a regular brigade till the fall of Atlanta. At Sydney, Ohio, his regiment captured a cannon which the citizens of that place were tiring as a salute to Vallandigham and Pendleton, who were enter- ing their city as guests. Colonel Mudge's regi- ment took this cannon into their car and carried it with them to Sturgis, Michigan, where it still remains as a relic, and is known as Vallan- dighani's cannon, lie was mustered out of the service at Sturgis, Michigan, . September 30, 1864. In 1873 the suljject of this sketch went to Chicago and worked on ilm Evening Post, and was traveling correspondent for the Inter Ocean, and established agencies in different parts of the country. He was subsequently one of the editors of the Northwest Lumberman, tlien a monthly paper. Later on he was con- nected with two papers in South Chicago. Pre- vious to going to Chicago he liad for six years been a general agent for the Security Life In- surance Company of New York, for the State of Michigan. In 1877 he came from Chicago to Los Angeles County, California, and located near Florence, remaining there two years. Tlien he was partner with A. M. Hough, in the hog business, for three years. Later he purchased fifty-two acres of land where he now lives, within the corporate limits of tlie city of Comp- ton. Colonel Mudge is now a member of the city council of Compton, and deputy assessor of Los Angeles County. In 1884:, with sixteen others, he established Shiloh Post of the G. A. R., at Compton, and served as Commander five years. The subject of this sketch was Com- mander, during the year 1889, of the Seventh Inspection District Encampment of Southern California. Socially, he is a Mason. He was nominated by the Republican party in 1882 for assemblyman for Los Angeles County, but was defeated. In 1884 he was nominated for super- visor of the Fourth Supervisorial District, and was again defeated. During these years the Democratic party was largely in the majority, he having received his party vote in both in- stances. The Colonel was married in Quincy, Michigan, in 1865, to Miss Sarah Ashley, who is the daughter of George and Jane (Wheat) Ashley. She was born in Canandaigua, Michi- gan, November 19, 1842. Her mother was a native of Orleans, New York, and her father of Massachusetts. He was a student in Yale Col- lege, and a sclioolmate of our late Chief Justice Waite. fESUS F. MORENO, manufacturer and dealer in saddles, harness and saddleware. No. 136 Los Angeles street, Los Angeles, is a native of Mexico. He was born in Sonora in 1840, and during his boyhood he attended school and learned his trade there. After reach- ing manhood, in 1863 he came to Lus Angeles, and began working at his trade and continued until 1875, when he established his present business on Los Angeles street; afterward he removed to Aliso street, and thence to his present location. He employs from three to six hands, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. as his trade requires, and by fair dealing and close attention to his business he has secured for himself a good patronage. In 1866 Mr. Moreno married Miss Susanna Montano, of So- nora, Me.xico, and they have ten children — seven sons and three daughters. tEV. AVILLIAM MOORES.— A more worthy name is not to be found in the his- tory of Los Angeles than the one at the head of this sketch. He is a native of Middle Tennessee, born January 26, 1808. His father, Josiah Moores, was a local preaclier and died in Arkansas. Mr. Moores received a liberal com- mon-school education, or rather, as it was known in those days, a boarding-school education. In 1834 he was licensed to preach by {lev. Joshua Butcher, who was then presiding elder of the district. In the fall of that same year, 1835, he took work in the Tennessee Conference, and traveled three years. In 1840 he transferred to Ash Conference. Later he transferred to the Alabama Conference, for which he traveled seven years. Within this time he was married to Miss Juliet S. Hardwick, who lived only seven months after they were married. Two years later he chose for his second companion Miss E. Mariah Greening, of Alabama. She is the daughter of Eldridge Greening, a prominent lawyer in Ala- bama. After his second marriage Mr. Moores moved to Arkansas, and joined the Arkansas Conference, in the bounds of which he traveled twenty-four years. During the greater part of the time he wi ing elde In 1870 he again transferred, this time to the Pacific Con- ference, and when the Los Angeles Conference was organized he chose that for his future home, where he has been actively engaged in the Mas- ter's service for eighteen years. Since joining this conference he has been presiding elder of the district of Los Angeles, and also of the San Luis Obispo district. He served the congre- gation at Downey most acceptably as pastor several different times. It sliould be further stated that he helped to organize the conference which he joined in 1870. He has purchased forty acres of land near Downey, upon which he resides. There he is quietly spending the even- ing of life, and waiting the summons of the Master. Mr. Moores and his e.xcellent wife have reared a large family, in all eleven children: Julia, now the wife of George E. Butler; Olin G., Charles W., Faunie G., now the wife of Thomas J. Kearns; Josiah B., Lucia, wife of J. C. C. Harris; Glorvenia, wife of L. V. Glass- cock; Mariah, wifeof James O. Butler; William, Orlanda and Edna. Their children are all on the coast. Charles W. is a lawyer, but is now teaching in the city schools in San Francisco. fN. McDonald, capitalist, Wilmington, is one of the earliest pioneers of Lower ® California who are still engaged in act- ive business. He was born in Oswego County, New York, May 9, 1832, a son of Colon and Jane (Winslow) McDonald, the former a native of Scotland, and the latter of Ireland. They had eleven children, only two of whom are now liv- ing: John, in Canada, and Edward, the subject of this sketch. The family moved to Canada when Edward was twelve years of age, and took possession of a tract of land. After four years' labor on the farm, the lad returned to New York and served an apprenticeship to the black- smith's trade. September 20, 1853, in company with two cousins, he left New York on the steamship Illinois, and arrived at San Francisco October 17, following. The very next day lie engaged to come to San Pedro for Alexander & Banning, and worked for this firm and for Gen- eral Banning for a number of years; then, in jiartnership with Horace Wheeler, now in Japan, he followed the mercantile trade in Los Angeles, and also dealt in live-stock; and for fourteen years he followed sheep-raising. In all his busi- ness ventures thus far he had been signally suc- cessful. In 1870 he built McDonald's Ith.ck, on Main street, Los Angeles. (Jf iii.s large es- HISTOBT OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. tate he lias disposed of 5,000 acres, and yet has several thousand left, which is valuable. He is an honest but shrewd manager of business af- fairs, and in all of his dealings his word is liis bond. October 19, 1865, Mr. McDonald mar- ried Miss Mary Winslow, a native of Argyle, Washington County, New York. They have had two sons: Winford Savage, who was born March 1, 1871, and Eanson Walton, who was born October 27, 1873, and died November 27, 1886. T-rTir^LlAM MARSHALL.— One of the \/\/ must successful horticulturists of the ''C~^~~l t^an Gabriel Township is the subject of this sketch. His lifteen-acre orange grove is located in the Alhambra School District, about one-fourth of a mile west of the San Gabriel Mission. He purchased this land from B. D. Wilson in 1875, and in 1876 commenced its improvement and cultivation. Nearly fifteen acres are devoted to seedling oranges, 1,000 trees of theTahite and Sandwich Islands varieties, and about five acres to budded trees. He lias also 140 deciduous fruit trees, comprising the most ap- proved varieties of peaches, apricots, plums, ap- ples, etc. Mr. Marshall has kept his place under a high state of cultivation and is liberal in the use of fertilizers, and though havingan abundant supply of water has not used any for irrigation purposes for the past four or five years. His seedling trees are in full bearing, and their yield is noticeable. Individual trees have yielded twelve or thirteen boxes, and the average yield in 1888 from about ten acres of trees was nearly nine boxes per tree. His improvements com- prise a neat cottage and substantial out-build- ings. Mr. Marshall is a native of Ireland, dating his birth in Limerick in 1835, the son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Griffin) Marshall, natives of that country. When twenty years of age he came to the United States and engaged as an apprentice at cabinet-making in New York for about eighteen months. His failing health then compelled him to seek an out-door and more active occupation, and he engaged in teaming. In 1857 he located in Bloomington, Illinois, and for the next two years was employed in the nurs- eries at that place. In May, 1859, he entered the United States army as a private in Light Battery E, Second United Sttites Artillery. He served in that battery until honorably discharged at the expiration of his terra of enlistment, May 3, 1864. His record during the war of the Re- bellion is worthy of mention. He participated in some of the severest campaigns and hardest- fought battles and sieges of that memorable struggle, commencing at Bull Run in 1861. He was through the Peninsular and Maryland cam- paigns of 1862, and at the sieges of Vicksburg and Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1863. His record embraces fourteen of the historic battles of the war, beside the exposures of skirmishes, sieges, etc. After' his discharge he was employed in the Commissary and Quartermaster's Depart- ment at Washington until the close of the war. For the next three years he was engaged in va- rious occupations in New York, and in 1868 came to California, locating at San Diego until the fall of that year when he took up his resi- dence in Los Angeles. There he engaged in nursery labor until he took up his present resi- dence. Mr. Marshall is a practical horticultur- ist, industrious and energetic in his labors. He has made a success of his operations and gained a comfortable competency. He is a consistent member and strong supporter of the Catholic Church. In politics he is Democratic. In 1877 Mr. Marshall was united in marriage with Miss Rebecca Isabella O'Donovan, a native of Limer- ick County, Ireland. No children have blessed this union. tMcGARVIN, real-estate dealer, 120* South Spring street, Los Angeles, is a * native of Canada, and was born June 2, 1841. During boyhood he attended the com- mon schools and served an ajipreuticeship to the HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. carriage and wagon making trade. After reach- ing manhood he worked at his trade in Michi- gan and Ohio. Then he engaged in the oil business in West Virginia for two years, after which he went to Southern Kansas, remaining there eight yeais. Mr. McGarvin came to Cali- fornia in 1875 and located at Los Angeles. The following year he engaged in carriage and wagon making on South Spring street, be- tween Second and Third streets, on the site of his new block. He built up a large estab- lished trade and carried on the business suc- cessfully a number of years, until two years ago, when he retired from active business. After his retirement he improved his property by erecting the present substantial business block. Mr. McGarvin is a member of the Board of Trade and is identified with all the progress and development of the city. In 1869 he was mar- ried to Miss A. B. Woolsey, in Kansas. They have one son, I). C. McGarvin. tICHARD MOLONY, wagon and carriage manufacturer, Aliso street, Los Angeles, is a native of JSew York State, and was born in the city of Syracuse, February 25, 1839. In early childhood his parents went to Dubuque, Iowa, and he grew up and learned his trade there. After reaching manhood, he determined to come to California. Landing in San Fran- cisco, he went to Sonoma County, and remained there ten years. In 1872 he came to Los An- geles and established his business on Aliso street. Being a practical workman in all branches of his business, he soon built up a good trade. In 1888 he built his present large and commodious factory, 140x80 feet, three stories in height, which when running to its full ca- })acity gives employment to from twenty-five to thirty hands, lie manufactures all of Iiis own work, heavy and light, importing all of his material, — steel springs, iron bolts, wood and trimmings, and warrants everything he turns out of his shops. By good management and close attention to the details of his fa.ctory he has been successful in establishing the leading business in his line, and is the oldest manufact- nrer in the business. Mr. Molony has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Ellen ilulcahey, of County Limerick, Ireland, who died in 1875, leaving three children: Mary, Mark and Clement. His present wife was Miss Kate Fennesy, of County Cork, Ireland. They have four children: William, Margaret, Frances and Johanna. ,, • — P t.:f-i..t..[^:. L : t fG. McGARVIK, carriage and wagon maker, No. 235 East Second street, Los ® Angeles, was born May 7, 1848, in Chatham, Canada. His parents, John and Susan (Houstin) McGarvin, are both living. He at- tended the common schools in his native town and learned his trade there. He remained in Canada until 1883, when he came to Los An- geles. Here he worked at his trade until 1886, when he engaged in business for himself. Tie employs four hands. His work is mostly on orders, and he has built up a good local trade. Mr. McGarvin has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Cottier, of Canada, who died in 1882, leaving two children: Frank and Maggie. His present wife was Mrs. Ollie Bel- lew, of Granby, Missouri. She has one son, Thomas. ONTGOMEPtY, GRANT & CO., 233 Ni'i-tli Los Angeles street, Los Angeles, ;,,~^ importers and dealers in agricultural implements, wagons and carriages. This busi- ness was established in 1886, and the following year the Bull & Grant Company was organized, who carried on the business until the past year, when Mr. Grant withdrew and the territory was divided, Mr. Bull taking the northern jiart of the State and Mr. Grant succeeding to the business here. Tlie firm is now Montgomery, HISTORY OF LOS AJSGELES COUNTY. Grant & Co. This company represents some of the best-known agricultural implement makers in the United States for wagons, plows, mowers, reapers, rakes, buggies and traction and port- able engines. They carry a full and complete stock of agricultural machinery, wagons, car- •riages, etc., at their establishment, No. 233 North Los Angeles street. They have a branch house at San Bernardino and also one at Pomona. E. Glencross Grant, the manager here, is a na- tive of England, who came to California in 1884 and was connected with the agricultural imple- ment business in San Francisco until he came to Los Angeles in 1886. He understands the business in all its details, and is an energetic, practical business man. lANIELM. McGARRY was born in County Antrim, Ireland, January 20, 1842. He came to Philadelphia and from there to Chicago, in 1866, where he was in business until 1881, at which time he came to Los Angeles. He settled in his present home, at the corner of Eighth and Alameda streets, soon after his arrival, and engaged in the vineyard and wine business. He married Margaret McCaughan in 1871, and they have six children. Mr. Mc- Garry was a member of the city council from 1883 to 1885. He is a man of many sterling qualities and is respected by all who know him. ^-^->¥ ■ fSCAR MACY was born in Liberty, Union County, Indiana, July 28, 1829. His father. Dr. Obed Macy, a pioneer of Los Angeles, was of New England stock and was born on the Island of Nantucket in 1801. He moved AYest with his family when a young man and practiced medicine for years in Southern Indiana. He crossed the plains with his wife and nine children, one of whom died of cholera on the way, arriving in Los Angeles in Decem- ber, 1850. He settled first in El Monte, but afterward rented and conducted the Bella Union Hotel (now the St. Charles) in this city two years, when he disposed of the same to W. G. Ross, who was, some years after, killed by C. P. Duane in San Francisco. Dr. Macy started the Alameda Baths, on the site of the three-story brick building on the corner of Main and Macy streets, recently erected by his son Oscar. Dr. . Macy died July 9, 1857. His eight children are still living in California. Oscar, the subject of this sketch, worked awhile in 1851, as a printer, in San Francisco, but could not resist the temptation of a miner's life, and left his position to rough it in the mines, where he worked with varying success for two years. Re- turning to Los Angeles, he took up a claim in El Monte, which he afterward sold to the father of Judge A. J. King, of this city. He then took np his residence in Los Angeles, working most of the time at the printer's trade. During these times the Republican party was in a chrysalis state; and when General J. C. Fremont was nominated for the Presidency he became an en- thusiastic advocate of his election and of the success of that young national political organiza- tion from whose principles he has never swerved. On the election of Abraham Lincoln to the Pres- idency, he received the appointment of collector of customs at San Pedro, which position he held until the port was reduced to an inspector- ship, when, at the solicitation of the depart- ment, he accepted the position of inspector. Af- ter some time he resigned in favor of George C. Alexander, who was appointed in his place. In addition to the above Mr. Macy has filled va- rious places of public trustin the city and county. He was a councilman for several terms, city treasurer for two years, and chairman of the board of supervisors for four years, occupying the latter office from January, 1885, to January, 1889, during which time the present site of the new county court-house was purchased, that substantial structure, the county jail, was erected, and also plans of the court-house adopted. This magnificent temple of justice, when completed, will do credit to the people of HISTORY OF LOS ANOELBS COUNTY. Los Angeles County, whose wealth and liberal- ity have made it possible to erect a public build- ing unsurpassed by any county on the Pacific Coast, excepting San Francisco County. Mr. Macy has been largely engaged with others in the sheep industry on San Clemente Island, some fifty miles off the coast, where the sheep run wild and thrive with very little care; and where, twice a j'ear, the owners go over and stay several weeks to supervise their shearing and the packing and shipment of their wool, or to look after the sending to market of the mutton sheep. From 8,000 to 10,000 sheep range over the island and the business is understood to be profitable. Mr. Macy married Miss Margaret E. I3ell in 1873, and has five children. fW. MORGAN was born in Theresa, Jef- ferson County, New York, April 30, ® 1831. He lived upon a farm and attended the neighboring schools, which were held in primitive log school-houses with high pine benches for seats, until fourteen years of age; and during the intervals when his time was not devoted to his studies, he did his share of plowing and hoeing, as many of our prominent men have done whose boyhood days spent on a farm gave that vigor which enabled them to battle successfully for emineucy in after years. His family then emigrated to Wisconsin, and he remained with them for nine years. About 1855 he removed to Oberlin, Ohio, where he lived for seven years, during a portion of which time lie attended the Oberlin College. His intention had been to complete a college course, but being troubled with bronchial affections, on the advice of a physician he prepared to emi- grate to California. After a short visit to his parents in Wisconsin, he went to New York City and took passage via Panama, and after an uneventful voyage he arrived in San Francisco a day or two before Christmas, 1862. On his way out he contracted a severe cold, and his ill health kept him in San Francisco for about eight months. At that time there was considerable excitement over the discovery of quartz mines in Contra Costa County, and the report of the richness of the Mt. Diablo mines induced him to go there, where he obtained his first mining experience. His claims, as well as those of others, pi'oved a failure, and Mr. Morgan turned his attention to various other pursuits for about a year and a half. While in Contra Costa County diphtheria was very prevalent, and he had the misfortune to lose his wife and two children, who were all carried away so near the same hour that all were buried in the same grave. At about the same time the much lamented llev. Starr King, to whose memory a handsome mon- ument was erected last year by prominent Cali- fornians, died of the same disease. Not caring to remain on the scene of so much sorrow, Mr. Morgan went to San Francisco in the spring of 1865 and remained there for eight years, fol- lowing the business of life insurance. So suc- cessful was he in this business that in one year he secured $900,000 worth oi' insurance. The in- tricacies of this calling so interested him that he became thoroughly wrapped up in it, and his earnestness and thorough familiarity with the problem of insurance bore him the most signal success. His reputation resulted in receiving the most flattering offers from first-class Eastern companies to take charge of their business on the coast. January 26, 1868, Mr. Morgan was again married, in Santa Barbara, to Miss Alice Brown, of that place, who had been a former acquaintance at Oberlin. The result of this union has been three children, one son and two daughters. It was on his wedding journey, in 1868, that he first visited Los Angeles. He became so favorably impressed with the place that he took up 320 acres of Government land, and after renuiining one month went back to San Francisco. His land purchase at $1.25 per acre in 1868, the most of which he has disposed of, is to day worth from $200 to $1,000 i)er acre. Even that price has been refused for some of it. Every winter thereafter for four years he visited Los Angeles in the interest of his HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. business, and in August, 1872, lie became deter- mined to reside permanently. Soon after arriv- ing he opened an office and engaged in the real- estate business and incidentally did a little insurance. His real-estate business, which he has followed ever since, became very extensive during the first twelve years of his residence. Almost one-half the sales transacted in the city passed through his hands. His business acumen and good judgment inspired everybody with confidence in his ability to buy or sell property to the best advantage, and his advice on such matters was eagerly sought for and acted upon. He was, it may be truthfully said, the first man in the city who bought large tracts of land and divided them into lots. Others followed the same plan, and from that time the boom in Southern California commenced. Mr. Morgan's time is now taken up in looking after his large personal interests. He has large interests in the Highland Yiew tract; is a stockholder and president of the Highland Park Water Com- pany. He is a Republican in politics, but has never desired or sought any political office. Mr. Morgan, who is a member of the Methodist Church, is an earnest and consistent Christian, believing in doing all the good to humanity within his power for their spiritual and moral welfare; and all charitable affairs and any move- ment tending to advance the interests of the city receive generous support from him. He has a very interesting family to whom he is devoted, and his fireside presents a picture of rare hap- piness. i?i£;-i fUDGE H. W. MAGEE, President of the San Gabriel Valley Bank, Los Angeles, was born in Coles County, Illinois, October 9, 1847. His parents, B. W. and Elvira (True) Magee, were natives of Kentucky. His mother died in 1874, and his father is living in Ne- braska. At the age of seventeen years the sub- ject of this notice entered the office of the clerk of the court of Coles County, and after remain- ing there three years was appointed clerk of the Court of Common Pleas. After serving his term, he entered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and graduated in the Law Depart- ment in 1873. He practiced law in his native county for seven years, and in 1882 came to Los Angeles, continuing in his chosen profes- sion. In 1885 he was nominated by acclama- tion for the Legislature, but withdrew on account of not being eligible for the office, lie was elected president of the San Gabriel Valley Bank in 1887, and since then has held that posi- tion. He has one of the most attractive homes in Pasadena. In 1873 Judge Magee married Miss Ellen J. Barnes, of Indianapolis. They have three children: H. Grace, William H. and Paul. ILLIAM MOSS was born in Arkansas in 1825, and is a son of Matthew and C^s^ Mary (Caldwell) Moss, both of whom were natives of the Old Dominion. They were early settlers in Hempstead County, Arkansas, but subsequently moved to Texas, and in the Lone Star State he farmed until his death. The subject of this sketch came to California in 1849, worked in the mines for some time, later engaged in farming, and in 1859 returned to Texas, remaining there ten years. In 18G0 Mr. Moss married Miss Henrietta Field, a native of Tennessee, born in 1836, and daughter of Harrington and Lucy (Mitchell) Field, both of Virginia. Mr. Field was educated for a physi- cian, but chose farming for his occupation. He moved with his family to Texas in 1851, where, after farming successfully for eiglit years, he died. His aged companion is still living in Austin, Texas, in her eighty-third year. It may not be out of place here to note that Mr. Field had one brother, Dr. Thurman Field, also a half-brother, Prof. J. A. McRoberts, for many years an honored and widely known public in- structor in several colleges in Tennessee. It is also proper to state that Mrs. Moss is a first IIISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. cousin to General Thomas Green, well known in the history of our late war. Mr. and Mrs. Moss have reared a family of four children. The two oldest, Harry and Mollie, were born in Texas. The latter is now the wife of J. S. Moss, of El Paso. Matthew and Willie were born in California. In 1869 Mr. Moss, with his wife and two children, came to the Golden State, and for live years he was engaged in agri- cultural pursuits on a rented farm near where the ttiwn of Rivera is now located. In 1874 he purchased fifty-six acres where he now lives. On this farm he has erected a comfortable and commodious residence, which is surrounded by an orchard of oranges and lemons, bearing the choicest variety of fruit. He has also planted out forty acres of English walnuts, the cultiva- tion of which he has demonstrated to be an in- dustry which will yield handsome returns. Politically Mr. Moss affiliates with the Demo- cratic party, and is one of the strongest sup- porters of its principles. He is one of the self-made men, and a man liberal in his views, aiid ready to forward the interests of any enter- prise having for its object the public good. Mrs. Moss and her daughter are active mem- bers of the Baptist church. fLIJAH MOULTON was born in Montreal, Canada, in 1820. His father, Elijah Moul- ton, was a native of JVlassachusetts, and moved to Montreal at an early day. Mr. Moul- ton traces his ancestry back to the French. He was apprenticed to learn the cooper's trade of a Scotchman in Monti'eal, but on account of the old gentleman's ill treatment of him, he ran away when his time was half out, and went to West Troy, New York. From there he went to Cincinnati and spent one year. Then he went to Akron, Ohio, and followed his trade for some time, after which he went into Pennsyl- vania, and from there to Michigan, then to Ohio, and in 1843 he concluded he would like to see some of the roujih side of life and its hardships. He accordingly hired himself out to the Union Fur Company, and set out for the Rocky Mountains. They started from St. Louis and went westward to the mouth of the Yellow- stone River, and there remained until the spring of 1844. At this time he asked and obtained leave to join Jim Bridger, in an expedition to California. They trapped in Montana and the Black Hills, then to Bridger's Fort, to Fort Laramie, to Fort Pier, Missouri, and back to Bridger. Then the company set out on a trapping expedition to Arizona in the fall of 1844. In the spring of 1845 they came to California, where our subject severed his con- nection with the company, and went to work for Don Louis Vignes, and continued with him till 1851, with the exception of two trips he made to the mines. He then bought a piece of land located near Wolfskill's, and in 1855 took charge of William Wolfskill's property, and continued with him three years, when he bought 160 acres in what is now East Los Angeles. This was before there was any city here, and Mr. Moulton lias been an eye witness of the wonderful growth of the City of the Angels. He was the first deputy sheriff of Los Angeles, under George Burrell. He was marshal of the city and a member of the city council in 1860 and 1861. Mr. Moulton served in the war with Fremont, and belonged to the Mexican veterans. He can relate some of the most in- teresting incidents of the war, and of the hard- ships they endured. For days at a time they were without food, and on one occasion he and another man used the stars and stripes as a seine to catch some fish to eat. Financially Mr. Moulton has been eminently successful. He was for some years in the dairy business. He has recently sold land and city property to the amount of nearly $100,000. He still owns several houses and lots in East Los Angeles, and also property in Santa Monica. He mar- ried a daughter of Mr. William Wolfskill, and by her had one child. Both mother and child died in 1861. He was again married, and has 1 an interesting family. Their residence is on HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Lyle street in East Los Angeles. Mr. Moulton is a self-made man and highly respected by all who know him, and it is only justice to him, in writing the history of his county, to say that of the pioneers he is a true pioneer. '^■im-^ tICHARD T. MILLER was born is Cas- well County, North Carolina, in 1841, but was reared from early childhood in Vir- ginia. His father was Rev. John A. Miller, an itinerant preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, a native of Virginia, and of English origin. He married Jane B. Williams, of North Carolina, by whom he had a family of seven children. He died iri Prince Edward County, Virginia, in 1849, well known and much be- loved by a very large circle of friends. His wifedied in Virginia in 1888. Our subject was the third child and was quite young when his father died. His opportunities for an educa- tion were very limited. He was a soldier in tlie Confederate army, a member of tlie " Dan- ville Blues," Eighteenth Virginia Regiment, and was one of the first who went to Richmond. He was in the battles of Cloyd's Farm, Cold Harbor and around Petersburg. Was taken sick prior to the battle of Bull Run with typhoid fever, and sent to hospital, and was afterward discharged for disability. Having regained his health, he enlisted in the Ring- gold Battery, Thirteenth Virginia Battalion Artillery, and was appointed Commissary-Ser- geant, and held that position until March, 1865, when he was appointed Quartermaster-Sergeant; was captured on the 2d day of April, 1865, when General Grant broke the lines at Peters- burg, and was carried a prisoner to Point Look- out. He was released on the 15th day of June, 1865. He was married in 1869, to Ella R. Flippen, of Danville, Virginia, and tliey have an interesting family of nine children, whose names are as follows: Emery L., Janie E., Arthur, Edwin B., Minnie V., Edna T., Grade, Grover Cleveland and Belle. When he first started in life Mr. Miller learned the drug busi- ness, and after coming to California he clerked for three years in a store in Fresno County, and subsequenti}' went to farming there and lost very heavily. Not discouraged, however, he came to Los Angeles, with nothing but two horses and a wagon, and his family. He bought thirty acres near Compton, which he soon sold. Then he rented for several years, till he pur- chased the twenty-acre ranch where he now re- sides. WILLIAM C. MARTIN was born in what is now Red River County, Texas, Jan- uary 29, 1824. His father, Gabriel N. Martin, was a native of North Carolina, who went to Texas in 1812. His mother was for- merly Henrietta Wright. She was born in Ala- bama. Mr. Martin's father was a wealthy farmer and a prominent man in his section. He was for some years a judge and a leader in political circles. He also engaged largely as a contractor, furnishing supplies for the Indian agencies of the United States Government. He was killed by the Indians in 1834. The subject of this sketch was reared as a farmer, receiving limited educational advantages until the age of eighteen years, when he educated himself. December 31, 1843, he married Miss Rebecca C. Miller. She was the daughter of Richard G. and Re- becca (Bayless) Miller, who resided in Lamar County, Texas. Mr. Martin was engaged in farming and cotton-planting in the county of his birth until 1853. In April of that year he started overland for California, making the jour- ney by ox teams. After a short stay at War. ner's ranch, in San Diego County, he came to Los Angeles County, and located near El Monte, taking up what he supposed to be Government land, about a mile southwest of what is now Savannah. There he engaged in general farm- ing and stock-raising until 1865. In that year he abandoned his farm (the land having been decided as grant land) and located in El Monte, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. where he opened a hotel which he conducted until 1872. He then purchased a squatter's right to 160 acres of land located just north of the San Diinas Canon. There he took up his residence and engaged in general fanning and the bee business, until 1887, when he sold out and moved to Pomona, and took up his resi- dence on the corner of Seventh street and Town avenue. Mr. Martin also owns other property in Pomona, among which is a ten-acre tract in block 197, twenty acres in block 212, and two houses and lots on Third street in block 52. He has been a resident of Los Angeles County for more than thirty-five years, and is well known throughout the San Gabriel and San Jose vallies. Politically he is a Democrat. In 1854 he was elected justice of the peace, serv- ing as such for several years; and for more than twenty years he has served as a school trustee. He is a consistent member and a steward of the Methodist Church, South; is a charter member of Pomona Lodge, No. 246, F. & A. M. Two chil- dren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Martin: William T. (a sketch of whom is given in this volume), and Henrietta Jane, who died in 1853, aged seven years. fLARENCE S. MARTIN, of Pasadena, was born in Brooklyn, New York, February 12, 1852. After a three years' course at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, he graduated there, and then went to Boston, where he learned the printer's trade. For a time he was employed on the Boston Herald, and for another period he was engaged on the Congre- gationalist. After a six years' residence in Bos- ton he was absent a year and a half in South America, during which time he visited Peru, Chili and other places of note. He returned to Boston, and in 1876 came to California and set- tled in Pasadena. He built the first house east of Fair Oaks avenue, the present site of E. C. Webster's residence. Purchasing twenty acres of land, he stocked it with fruit trees, and since then he has operated considerably in real estate. To-day he is in possession of a large fortune. He built an elegant residence on Orange Grove avenue, costing over $10,000, which lie now occupies. He has been a director in the San Gabriel Valley Bank ever since its organization; is also a part owner of 160 acres on Wilson's Peak, the site for the new observatory. He is not at present engaged in active business — only attending to his investments. Mr. Martin mar- ried a daughter of Lucy Gilmore; she died in 1888, and he now lives with his mother. Mr. Martin is a genial gentleman, who will always have many friends. -^-f^ fAMES W. McGAUGH was born in Da- vidson County, Tennessee, in 1813. His father, Robert McGaugh, was a native of Virginia. His mother, Elizabeth (Miller) Mc- Gaugh, was born in Georgia. In 1819 his par- ents emigrated to Missouri, first settling in St. Louis and afterward in St. Charles, Rice and Daviess counties, where his father was engaged in farming and stock-growing. Reared upon frontier farms of that State, he received such a limited education as the pioneer schools afforded. On arriving at his majority he entered into farming upon his own account, in Daviess County. In 1836 he married Miss Sarah J. Edwards. She was born in Kentucky, of which State her father also was a native. Mr. Mc- Gaugh continued his residence in Missouri until 1850, wiien he decided to seek his fortune in the new El Dorado of the West. In the spring of that year, accompanied by his family, he started across the plains for California. His journey was made by the typical o.x team of that period, and the "prairie schooner of the plains." Arriving in due season in the Golden State, he located in the mining districts of Placer County and engaged in mining enterprises. Here he had the misfortune to lose the faithful wife who had so cheerfully followed his fortunes and shared in his labors and hardships. She died HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COdNTT. in 1850. Mr. McGaugli labored in the mines until 1853, and then with his children returned to his old home in Daviess County, and resumed his agricultural pursuits. In the same year lie married Miss Emma Ann Scott, who was born in Lexington, Missouri, a daughter of John and Charlotte (Meek) Scott, natives of Virj^fiuia. In 1857 Mr. McGaugh made his second over- land trip to California and located in Yolo County, and for the next three years engaged in grain raising. He then moved to Lake County, and entered into general farming and stock-raising, which he continued until 1870. In that year he visited Southern California, and, selecting Los Angeles County for his liome, he purchased fifty acres of land, a portion of the Pico Ranch, in the Ranchito school district, about two and one-half miles from Rivera. The land was then in a wild and uncultivated state, but with his characteristic energy he set to work cultivating the soil and building him- self a home. In this he has been successful, and now has a fine farm under a high state of cultivation, yielding abundantly the various pro- ductions to which he is devoting his acres. A plentiful supply of water is available from tlie San Gabriel River. His fine orchards show care and attention, and are producing both citrus and deciduous fruits, such as oranges, lemons, ap- ples, pears, peaclies, apricots, quinces, prunes and pomegranates. Alfalfa gives large yields; also hay, grain and corn. He takes a well-mer- ited pride in his live-stock, having some line Jersey, Holstein and Durham cattle, and re- markably fine specimens of horses from the famous " Echo " stock. Mr. McGaugh's con- sistent manner of life and straightforward dealings have gained him the respect and es- teem of his neighbors and a large circle of friends. He is a co!isistent member of tlie Metliodist Church, South, and an honest sup- porter of churches and schools. He has for many years been a school trustee in his district. In politics he is a Democrat, but is liberal and conservative in his views. By his first marriage there are three childreti livina:: Matthew J., who married Miss Harriet Goodwin; Phillip G., who married Miss Martha Speigle; and Mary J., the wife of Judge J. B. IloUaway. All of the above are residents of Los Angeles County. Five children have been born by tlie second marriage, three of wliom are now living, namely: Sarah Belle, now Mrs. J. F. Goodwin, of Santa Barbara County; Sue L. ; and William G., who married Miss Lydia Pierce and resides in Los Angeles. His son, "Wesley Preston, died in 1879, aged twenty-two years, and one daugh- ter, Nancy Ellen, died in 1880, at the age of twenty years. fOSEPH MULLEN, of the firm of Newman & Mullen, retail grocers, whose store is located on the south side of Second street, west of Gordon street, was born in Grant County, Wisconsin, in 1845. His father, John Mullen, a native of Ireland, settled in Grant (younty in 1834. His mother was also a native of Ireland. Her name before marriage was Margaret O'Con- nell. She was a niece of the great Irish patriot, Daniel O'Connell. In 1852 Mr. Mullen's father, with the family, crossed the plains to California and located where Redding now stands, in Shasta County, and engaged in farming and stock-grow- ing. There the subject of this sketch received his education, and became schooled in the prac- tical knowledge of agricultural pursuits. When eighteen years of age the death of his father oc- curred, and he then took the care and control of the farm, and conducted the same until 1875. He then engaged in the livery-stable business in Redding until 1882, when he came to Los Angeles County, and located near Los Angeles and engaged in farming and fruit-growing. In October, 1883, he moved to Pomona and estab- lished a livery and sale stable on Second street, just east of Thomas street. After conducting that enterprise for some months, he sold out and devoted his attention to real estate and building operations, in which he was largely engaged for several years, purchasing lots and erecting both HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNT V. business and residence huuses for rent in the rapidly growing city. In 1888 Mr. Mullen entered into ])artner8liip with Mr. (). G. iS'ew- nian and established his present business. He is the owner of the brick building in which his business is established, and also of his pleasant residence on the corner of Fourth and Main streets: and of other improved residence prop- erty, which he rents. He is one of the pro- gressive and energetic men to whose efforts and enterprise is due the rapid growtli and building up of the city of Pomona during the four years preceding 1889. In political matters Mr. Mullen is a Republican. He is city assessor of Pomona, and also deputy assessor of the county. He is a member of Pomona Lodge, No. 225, A. O. U. W., and of Redding Lodge, F. & A. M. He was a charter member of the Redding lodges of I. O. O. F. and A. O, U. W. He is a supporter of the Episcopal Church, of which his family are members. In 1878 Mr. Mullen married Miss Lillian G., the daughter of Henry and Mary E. (Davis) Garuham. Her father was a native of Scotland, and her mother of New York. The children from this marriage are Frank B. and William, both members of their father's household. fUNCAN McGregor.— Among tbe men who have sought the genial climate of the foot-hills in the Sierra Madre Colony, as a desirable place of residence, is the above-named gentleman. Mr. McGregor is a native of Scot- land, dating his birth March 4, 1821. His ]>arents were Peter and Clementina (Sems) McGregor, both natives of that country. In 1822 his parents emigrated to Canada East and located at Cornwall, wliere his father engaged in farming and lime-burning. Mr. McGregor was reared as a farmer until .eighteen years of age. He then learned the trade of a bricklayer and mason. In 1837 and 1838, when the Pa- triot Rebellion broke out in Canada, Mr. Mc- (.iregor. despite his youth, enlisted in the British 36 army, or the Canada Loyalists, and served until tlie Rebellion was ended. In 1843 or 1844 he came to the United States and worked at his trade in New Orleans, and also worked in Pitts- burg soon after the great fire of 1845. In the fall of the latter year he returned to his home. In 1848 he married Miss Jane Moss, a native of Canada, and the daughter of Thomas and Hannah (Hill) Moss. Her father was a native of Canada, and her mother of Scotland. Mr. McGregor remained in Canada until 1849 and then decided to try his fortunes in the United States. In that year he located in St. Croi-x County, Wisconsin, which at that time was an unbroken wilderness; and he was the second set- tler who located in the county. He took up his residence near what is now the thriving town of River Falls, on the Kinnickinnick River. There he took up prairie land and commenced the life of a farmer. As the settlement of the great Northwest increased he engaged in work at his trade in St. Paul, and other points. He saw cities spring up as if by magic, where he had first found' nothing but small trading posts, and thriving and populous towns take the place of the wilderness. Mr. McGregor prospered in worldly goods, and took a leading and prominent part in developing the resources of his section . He was called upon to fill many positions of trust and 'responsibility in the community in which he resided. In 1851 he was the first as- sessor ever elected in his district. In 1853 he was elected the chairman of the town board of councilmen, of Hudson, and was also chairman of the county board of supervisors. In 1855 he was the chairman of the Kinnickinnick board of councilmen, and a member of the county board of supervisors, and in 1857 was the first chairman of Troy board of councilmen, and a member of the county board. He was univer- sally respected and esteemed for his manly qual- ities and straightforward, honest dealings. In 1876 Mr. McGregor entered into mercantile pursuits and established a hardware store in River Falls. This enterprise he conducted un- til 1883, wlu'u his failing health admonished HISTORY OF ANGELES COUNTY. liim that he must seek a less rigorous climate than Northern Wisconsin. He retired from his business and spent two or three winters in Cali- fornia, in Santa Clara and Sonoma counties, and in 1886 he came to Los Angeles Countj' and located at Los Angeles until August of 1887, when he decided to take up his residence in the Sierra Madre Colony. He therefore purchased a lot upon which he erected a comfortable and well-ordered cottage residence, and also planted orange and deciduous fruit trees, for family use. Of ]\[r. McGregor's family there are three chil- dren living. His eldest son, Roderick, is a resident of River Falls, Wisconsin; Malcolm M. is a resident of Billings, Montana; Norval is a resident of San Jose, Santa Clara County. mOJ^IA McLAIN, owner of the >/ 1. .-t. Nichols Hotel, Union street, Pasa- ,?^~' ilena, is the daughter of John McLain, a wealthy and public-spirited planter of Louisi- ana, who, at the commencement of the late war, owned about a hundred slaves. During that national struggle he lost his valuable estate, but by his extraordinary business tact he amassed another fortune. He served one term in the State Legislature, and was strongly' urged to accept the position for a second terra, but his business interests were too extensive to permit him to do so. Miss McLain graduated with high honors at the female college in Minden, Louisiana. She was strongly devoted to her parents, and since their death she has spent much of her time in educating her younger sisters. She came to California in 1884 to care for her uncle. Captain Thomas McLain, of El Monte, who was an invalid, and who ai'terward died, leaving her to settle up the estate. In 1886 she located in Pasadena, investing some $15,000 in real estate. By shrewd management she accumulated property, which was at one time worth over $75,000. Her extensive dealings in real estate have compelled her to devote most other time to its care, thus depriving her in a great measure from enjoying the pleasures of her fortune. Miss McLain is a lady of accomplished literary attainments. The New Orleans Times-Democrat published a long and able article which she wrote concerning Southern California, picturing in truly graphic style the society, homes, labor system and climate of this favored land. That article was said to be the best ever published in that city on these subjects; its influence was marked. Of course she has no idea that she could ever be contented to live in Louisiana. Miss McLain is also a portrait and landscape painter of more than ordinary merit, but she has had but little time to devote to this fascinating art. Nevertheless she has taken several valu- able prizes for her superior oil paintings. She is also skilled in pencilings and in work in India ink. Her brother, Captain L. D. McLain, is the owner of the largest cotton-seed oil mill in America, located at Monroe, Louisiana. The public finds the St. Nicholas Hotel at Pasadena conducted in a very neat and liberal manner; everything is first-class. ILLIAM. T. MARTIN.— Among the well-known residents of the city of Pomona is the subject of this sketch. A review of his life, although briefly stated, is of interest. Mr. Martin is a native of Texas. He was born in Red River County, in 1844. In 1853 his father, William C. Martin (whose history is included in this volume), came with his family to California and located near El Monte, in Los Angeles County. There the sub- ject of this sketch was reared and received his education in the public schools. He was brougJit up as a farmer, but at the age of nineteen years engaged in teaching school. In 1864 he went to Healdsburg, Sonoma Coimty, and entered upon a course of study in the Sotoyome Insti- tute. After a year devoted to study in that in- stitution, he resumed his teaching. Mr. Martin was a skillful penman, and for several years was engaged at various places as teacher of penman- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ship. In 1865 he was united in marriage with Nancy M. Thompson, the dangiiter of Samuel S. and Margaret (McKamy) Thompson. Her father was a native of Virginia and iier mother was born in Tennessee. Tliey settled in Harrison County, Texas, where Mrs. Martin was born, and in 1852 came to California and located in EI Monte, Los Angeles County. In 1869 Mr. Martin located at San Dimas Canon, and there engaged in farming and bee-raising until 1871. In that year he came to the San Jose Valley and located about four miles northeast of Po- mona, where he took up 160 acres of Govern- ment land, upon which he conducted agricultural pursuits until 1884. At that time he sold out and took up his residence upon a fifteen-acre tract oil the corner of Fifth street and Town avenue, block 174, in Pomona, which he improved by planting citrus and deciduous fruits, and erecting a comfortable two-story residence, barns, etc. Since that time lie has devoted himself to liorticultural pursuits. Mr. Martin is an ener- getic and progressive citizen and closely identi- fied with the building up of the city in which he resides. He is a Democrat in politics and has always taken a deep interest in the success of his party. In November, 1884, he was the Dem- ocratic nominee in the Seventy-eighth Assembly District of Los Angeles for the Assembly and was defeated by seventeen votes only. He has been a prominent worker and a delegate in many of the county conventions. In 1886 he was elected supervisor of the first supervisorial district of Los Angeles County, term of office four years. He has also sei"ved several years as a justice of the peace and school trustee. He is a promi- nent member of Pomona Lodge, No. 246, F. & A. M., which lodge he organized and was its mas- ter in the years 1877, '78, '80, '81, '82 and '83. He is also a member of Etna Lodge, No. 107, Knights of Pythias, and Knights of Labor of Po- mona. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have seven children living, viz.: John Samuel, who graduated from the grammar departitient of the public schools in Pomona in June, 1888, and has since graduated fr< the Wo.,db P.I Collese of Los Angeles City, in May, 1889; Thomas Claibourn, Richard Riley, Floretta Caroline, Hugh Thomp- son, Robert Andrew, who attend the public schools in Pomona, and Margaret Mary, tiie baby. The first child, G-abriel Matthew, died January 13, 1878, near twelve years of age. fS. MILLS, a prominent business man of Pasadena, was born near Perth, Ontario, ^ Canada, August 11, 1853. His father was a manufacturer of woolen cloth, and the sub- ject of this sketch for several years worked in the factory with his father during the summer seasons and attended school winters. At the age of fifteen years he went to the Marmora gold mines and worked as "all round boy," but by industrious attention to business he soon learned mining in all its branches, when he was given positions of trust and responsibility. After operating in the gold mines he was engaged in the Blairton iron mines, part of the time as. engineer. Then, until he was twenty-one years of age, he was a clerk in the gineral store of Mr. John Pctus, in Hastings, Ontario, at a salary of $100 a year and expenses. During the latter period he sulfei-ed from congestion of the lungs, and in the spring of 1875 his phy- sician advised a change of climate, when he con- cluded to come to California. He first came to Los Angeles, where he was employed by Thomas A. Garey, nurseryman, for $30 a month and expenses. At the expiration, of a year and a half he moved to Pasadena and took charge of the orange and lemon grove and vineyards of A. O. Porter. During the fourteen months he was thus engaged he established the present fine orchard on the Swiss Cottage property. By hard work and strict economy he saved some mone}', with which he has bought seven and a half acres of land, paying one-third cash in ad- vance. By this movement he obtained a sub- stantial start, and was enabled to purchase twenty- five acres on Fair Oaks avenue at $150 an acre, Twenty acres of this is now knowti as the Mills HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. tract. Subdividing this into building lots, lie lias sold off about $50,000 worth and still re- tains about one-third of the tract. lie has been an extensive orchard-planter, having set out the Mutual Orchard tract of 210 acres, the inag- nilicent place of J. W. Hugos, Esq., containing 200 acres, and many others, aggregating fully one-eighth of all the trees and vines in Pasadena. In 1887, with a partner, Mr. Mills engaged in the produce commission business in Coiton, but his partner's mismanagement prevented success. Subsequently Mr. Mills, in partnership with W. S. Arnold, entered the real-estate business, and still later took in another partner, W. L. Woodward, the firm name now being Arnold & Mills Co. Mr. Mills is sole owner of the prop- erty ot the Pasadena Brick Company, a director in the Lordsburg Hotel Company and in the Security Title and Abstract Insurance Company of Southern California, located in Los Angeles; and he is one of the largest stockholders in the Pasadena Syndicate at Lordsburg. Mr. Mills Jias had many varied experiences with Mexican bandits, and many a narrow escape with his life. In June, 1880, he was married to Miss Sarah Letitia Gladney, a daughter of one of the pio- neers of Ontario. Of their two sons only one is living. Mrs. Mills has contributed in many ways to her husband's welfare, and much of his success is due to her efforts; and he appreciates it. When he first came to California he had only $5; now he enjoys a comfortable fortune. ^. • ? .&..t..[^. ; ; . » fEORGE EDWARD LONG was born at Athens, Georgia, January 16, 1819. Mr. Long, when a young man, was a volunteer in the Seminole war in Florida. In 1842 he married Miss L. A. Talbot. They lived two years in Mobile, Alabama, and after that in Louisiana till 1847, when they moved to Texas. Mr. Long came to California in 1849, and re- mained some months, when he went back after his family, who came with him to this State in 1852. Except about eleven years in Tulare County, where he engaged in stock-raising and farming, Mr. Long made his home in Los An- geles County, mostly, till his dtath, which occurred at his home on Date street in this city, February 22, 1888, he being at the time in his seventieth year. His widow still survives him, together with an only daughter who married William East, now living near Downey, this county, and also several grandchildren. Mr. Long was respected by all who knew him. He was a singularly honest and truthful man. He could not be swerved one iota from his convic- tions of right and duty by any consideration whatever. He left a good name to his family and to his descendants that they must cherish as a precious heritage. .LEXANDER McLEAN was born in Ver- xennes, Kent County, Micliigan, his parents being Hector and Rebecca Mc- Lean, well-to- do farmers and of Scotch extraction. The mother died when he was an infant, and the father when he was nine years of age. Two elder brothers being in the Union army where they lost their lives, he was thus early in life, with three other minor children — two brothers and a sister — thrown largely upon his own re- sources. Until he was seventeen years old he worked for farmers in the summer and attended public and private schools in the winter. After that he taught a common school for two terras, then attended. the Michigan State Normal School for two years, pursuing the common school and classical courses of study. In 1876 Mr. McLean came to California and located in Lonipoc Col- ony, Santa Barbara County. Obtaining a first- grade State certificate, he taught school for two years, after which he was nominated county superintendent of schools by the Republican party, but was defeated by a very popular can- didate, H. G. Thurmand, who has held that office for the past fourteen years. In 1884 he was nominated assemblyman by the Republican party and elected, being the first Republican cn^ IIISrORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. assemblyinaii elected from that county for many years. He served in the Legislature two years and was commended by the press of both parties in the county, and gained the reputation of being an honest and capable legislator. Among other services rendered, Mr. McLean has the honor of first introducing and paving the way for its passage at a subsequent session, the bill providing that "all pupils in the public schools of the State shall be instructed in physiology and hygiene with special reference to the effects of narcotics and stimulants on the human sys- tem." He also served on the committees on Municipal Corporations, County and Township Government, and Education. In the way of private business, Mr. McLean has dealt in real estate, was engaged for some time in the cattle and sheep business, and for three years was editor and proprietor of the Lompac Record Santa Barbara County. He came to Pasadena in 1887, invested in city property, and engaged in the insurance and real-estate business with Knight, McLean & Co., and was made a mem- ber of the city council in February, 1889, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Edison Turner, which position he still retains. Mr. McLean was married in June, 1886, to Mae A. Broughton, an accomplished young lady of Lompoc, Santa Barbara County. They have one child, and constitute a happy family. . . . .I'Pt;! If .'^11. .. . ^ON. THOMAS D. MOTT.— In the history ^ml of Los Angeles, as of most other cities that "^m have grown into commercial prominence, there have been times when its future seemed to hinge upon the determination of various public issues in the wise solution of which breadth of character, keen foresight and moral courage were largely involved. Fortunately the City of the Angels has for years past had among its citizens several men possessing these invalu- able qualities of brain and iieart, to whom it chiefly owes its most lirilliant achievements as a city, and of those men none have ligured inore conspicuously than the subject of this biographi- cal sketch, the Hon. Thomas D. Mott. Mr. Mott is a native of Saratoga County, New York, and was born near Schuylerville on the Hudson, July 31, 1829. His boyhood was spent at his native home where he acquired a good common-school education, and at the age of fifteen launched out into the world full of the hope and vigor which constitutes so important a factor in a successful business career. His first practical business experience was gained as a salesman in a general store of his home town. The discov- ery of gold in California, in the year 1849, fired his ambition and he at once, turning his face westward, determined to seek his fortune on the golden slope of the Pacific. After successfully mining for a brief time in the Northern part of the State, he located at Stockton, where he en- tered merchandising. In the spring of 1851 he established ferries on the San Joaquin River. His attention was directed to Southern Califor- nia, her wonderful climate and resources, and the year 1852 marked his first visit to Los An- geles. Without loss of time, he, with character- istic promptitude, seized the first opportunity that in the way of occupation promised success, and engaged in the livery and stock business. His genial nature and excellent social qualities drew around him a large circle of friends, and to his business an extensive and profitable patronage. He evinced a lively interest in local public affairs, and all movements tending to the development and future prosperity of Los An- geles found Thomas D. Mott one of its most hearty and liberal supporters. In 1855 he identified himself witli the Democratic party, and since that time he has been regarded as one of the most worthily successful politicians in Southern California. In the year 1863 he was elected to the office of clerk of Los Angeles County, and succeeded himself in the years 1865, 1867 and 1869, at a period when the responsi- bilities of that office were most arduous, the county clerk then also being ex-officio auditor and recorder. The dnti(!s of his several terms of otHee were discharged with ability and integ- HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. ritj. Mr. Mott was foremost in a nioveineiit to secui'e the establishment of a branch of tlie Supreme Court in the city of Los Angeles and was appointed its first resident deputy clerk, filling the position most acceptably until a change of administration brought about a new appoint- njent. In 1871 Mr. Mott was chosen to repre- sent his legislative district in the State Assembly, and while there and following his return to Los Angeles rendered tlie public a most eminent service in inaugurating and pushing to a suc- cessful issue a movement which secured to his city and Soulliem California railway communi- cation with the outside world. In 1876 he was sent as a delegate to the National Democratic Convention at St. Louis, which nominated the Hon. Samuel J. Tilden for the Presidency. In all matters involving the public weal Mr. Mott has ever shown himself a large-hearted, open- handed and public-spirited citizen, and his life has been an unusually active one, filled with responsibilities both public and private and characterized throughout by the singular energy so typical a product of the western country. The evidences of Mr. Mott's enterprise and push are shown in his large property holdings in various sections of Los Angeles City, not the least of wdiich is the Mott Public Market, a sub- stantial brick structure on South Main street, erected in the year 1886. Mr. Mott has been most fortunate in his domestic relations. De- cember 23, 1861, he was united in marriage with Miss Ascension Sepulveda, a typical Span- ish lady and a daughter of Don Jose Sepulveda, one of the prominent early-time citizens and large ranch owners of Soutiiern California, and of Doiia Francisca Abila, a member of another well-known family of Los Angeles. Don Jose Seprilveda was owner of the magnificent San Joaquin Ranch, located near the present city of Santa Ana, in this county, and now owned by tlie heirs of the late James Irvine. He was an extensive raiser of stock and especially of horses, in which he had great success and a commend- able pride. Don Jose Sepulveda died in the year 1875 in the seventy-first year of his age. leaving a most exemplary record as a citizen and a business man. Don Ygnacio Sepulveda, now of the city of Mexico and formerly for many years district judge of Los Angeles County, is a son of the late Don Jose. Mrs. Mott was born September 15, 1844, and is of pure Castillian extraction, a lady of rare intelligence and refine- ment. She is social in her disposition, loving in heart, loyal in her affections, and courageous in her living. She is firm and devout in the Catholic faith, in which she has carefully reared and educated her children, who are five in num- ber, as follows: Georgie, now Mrs. Henry Van der Leek, of Los Angeles; Thomas D. Mott, Jr., John ^Griffin, Stephen D. and Ygnacio Leon. These constitute the household of one of Los Angeles' brightest and most interesting families. The family residence is located at No. 543 South Main street. fCTAVlUS MORGAN.— Among the rep- resentative substantial business men of Los Angeles perhaps none has done so much — literally speaking — to transform it from a Mexican adobe village to a modern American city of metropolitan appearance as the gentle- man whose name heads this sketch. Being the leading member of the oldest and most promi- nent firm of architects in the city, he has been connected with the construction of a majority of the principal business blocks and public buildings erected in and about Los Angeles within the past fifteen years. Out of the large number of such structures planned and erected by Keysor & Morgan, the following are worthy of mention: The Catholic Cathedral, the Pico House, the Los Angeles Infirmary, Sisters' Hos pital, St. Vincent's College, the Orphans' Home the Nadeau Block, Hofl'man House, McDonald Block, Grand Opera House, Los Angeles Na- tional Bank Building, San Gabriel Winery, Naud's Warehouse, Capital Milling Company's buildings. Turner's Hall, Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, First Baptist Church, Fort UISTOBT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Street Methodist Episcopal Cbureli Los An- geles Abstract Building, the elegant dwellings of I. W". Helhnin, Jasp3r Harrell, Frank Sa- bachi, besides many others designed and built by thein. Tnis linn is so well and favorably known tliat they seldom enter into sharp com- petition where plans are advertised for. Their work is chiefly from the oldest, most substan- tial and conservative citizens of the city and surrounding country, whose long- continued patronage of this firm is conclusive evidence of their reliability and good standing. An idea of the great magnitude of the business done by this iirm will be gathered from the fact that it amounted, in 1886-'87, to $1,687,000, and the aggregate cost of the buildings erected by them in the past five years is nearly $6,000,000. Their business extends as far north as Visalia and over a large area of Southern California. Their office was established by E. F. Keysor in 1872. Two years later Mr. Morgan came to Los Angeles and entered his employ as a drafts- man, and in 1876 became a partner. This re- lation continued until 1887, when Mr. Keysor retired, being succeeded by John A. Walls. The name of Keysor being retained, the firm title became Keysor, Morgan & Walls. Octa- vius Morgan was born in Canterbury, Kent County, England, in 1850, and was educated for his profession in his native country; came to the United States in 1871, and was two years in Denver, Colorado, before coming to Los An- geles. He spent 1879 and 1880 traveling in the East. In' 1884 Mr. Morgan was joined in marriage with the widow of Judge Offenbacher, of Custer County, Colorado. Two children are the fruit of their marriage to date. Mrs. Mor- gan's maiden name was Weller, and she is a native of Ohio. Mr. Morgan is one of the old- est members of the American Institute of Ar- chitects on the Pacific Coast; is one of the charter members of the Southern California Architects' Association, and has been president from its organization; is Noble Grand of Golden Rule i>odge. No. 160, I. (). (). F.; is vice- president of the Temple Street Cable Railway Company, of which he was one of the organ- izers, and was managing director and secretary during its construction. This popular line was begun in 1884, when the p )|)ulation tributary to it was but 1,400 by actual census. The first cars ran over the line in July, 1885. It is three miles in length, and when the double track is completed sometime during 1889, it will have cost $400,000. Tne pjpulation now tributary to it is about 8,000. This line lias carried upward of 5,000,000 passengers to date without an accident, thereby showing the excellence of this road and the care of its man- agement and its employes. --^m ^•.^- fOLONEL W. E. MORFORD, Superintend- ent of Streets, 240 South Hill street, Los Angeles, is a native of Sussex County, Now Jersey, born October 23, 1827. At the age of fifteen years he left school and entere 1 a bank in the city of New York, where he re- mained six years. At that time he started on a tour around the world, for the benefit of his health. Upon reaching California, the genial climate of the Golden State induced him to re- main for a time. In 1848 he was secretary for Captain Sutter and held that position until he was obliged to resign, in November, 1848, on ac- count of ill health. Ho returned to the States, via Cape Horn, leaving San Francisco, March 14, 1849, and carried with him the first gold taken from the diggings and mines discovei-ed during the mining excitement of 1848. It was sent by Frank Lemon, of Stevenson's Regi- ment, to his brother, William Lemon, a partner of John Anderson, the famous tobacco mer- chant of New York, and was delivered to him August 22, 1849, and this gold was exhibited in Benedict's jewelry store, No. 7 Wall street. New York, attracting great attention. Colonel Morford was engaged in business in New York until the breaking ont of the Rebellion. He enlisted April 19, 1861, and served five years and seven months, on statf duty the most of HISrOIiT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. the time. He served on the staffs of General Phil Kearny, General George Stoneman, Gen- eral John Newton, General J. Q. A. Gilmore and General Phil Sheridan. After the war he received an appointment in the New York Cus- tom House and remained there during the ad- ministration of Grant. In 1875 he came to the Pacific Coast and engaged in the real-estate business in Los Angeles, and was prominently identified with the business until the present year, when he was elected to the office he now holds by a plurality of 1,789 votes. Colonel Morford married Miss Jane M. Cochran, a native of Sussex County, New Jersey. This estima- ble lady died March 6, 1881), leaving three children: Kate, Hattie E., and William E., Jr. fG. MAPPA, 32 Franklin street, is a na- tive of New York, and was born May 16, ® 1823. He received his education in his native State, and entered the engineering corps of the New York and Erie Eailroad and after- ward went to Butialo, New York. In 1851 he came as far west as Wisconsin, and was era- ployed as clerk in the United States Land Office at Stevens' Point. In 1856 he located in Eau Claire, remaining there about eight years. In 1864 he came from Eau Claire direct to Los Angeles City. For a short time he en- gaged in farming and then accepted a position in the public offices. In 1867 was nominated for county judge of Los Angeles County. In 1872 he was appointed Deputy Collector of Internal lievenue and held that office two years. In 1880 he went to San Diego as book-keeper for a firm of contractors on the California South- ern Railroad, remaining there about nine months. With the exception of this sliort time he has lived here continuously for a quarter of a cent- ury, and during the most of this time has been connected in different capacities with the public oflices of the city and county. He has had a large experience in public affairs, and there are few men in the county who have such an inti- mate knowledge of the aflairs of the public. In October, 1859, Mr. Mappa was imited in mar- riage to Miss Margaret Swift, a native of tlie city of Albany, New Y^ork. They have tliree children: Elizabeth, wife of Frank E.. Day, of this city, and two sons, John and William, both residing here. fMESSER, capitalist, corner of Jackson and Vine streets, Los Angeles, is a native .^j- ® of Germany, and was born August 25, 1824. He attended school and was reared in his native land. After reaching manhood he deter-mined to emigrate to the United States; sailed from Hamburg, November 9, 1850, on the ship Emma; was shipwrecked on Cape Verd the day before Christmas; had to wait there fifty days for another ship, the Clara C. Belle; went to Eio Janeiro; remained thereover five months; and from that place came around Cape Horn to California, on the old warship William M(mney, reaching San Francisco, November 9, 1851. He went with the throng up to the mines where he remained about one year, then returned to San Francisco and continued there several years. He was taken with fever, and in 1854 came to Los Angeles and was one of the pioneers of this place. He engaged in the brewing busi- ness, on a small scale, at the corner of Third and Main streets — the New York Brewery. Af- ter one year lie sold out to his partner, and again entered into the same business, alone, on the corner of Los Angeles and First streets. In 1857 he bought the old Government vineyard of twenty acres; bought afterward more land up to the scale of forty-five acres, now occupied by the depot grounds of the Santa Fe Railroad, and carried on the business successfully for twenty- two years, when he sold itand bought the property on the corner of Rose and First streets, and en- gaged in the grocery trade. He carried on this business six years,, after which he retired from active business, rented his property and removed to his present home on the corner of Jackson HISTORY OF LO.i ANGELES COUNTY. and Vine streets. Mr. Messer has been a resi- dent of Los Angeles for thirty-five years, and is well known as an honorable and generous citi- zen. He was married October 4, 1862, to Miss Johanna Louise Schmidt, a native of Germany. They have two children: Frank Joseph and Otto. — ^-m-^ — ■^m A. MEN TRY, Superintendent of the Oali- 1 fornia Star Oil Works and the Pacific '^'^^ Coast Oil Company, came to this State in August, 1875. He put down a well thirty- five feet, with a spring pole, and afterward sunk it to 135 feet by the same means. The first steam drilling was begun in 1876. Since that time twenty-three wells have been drilled, the deepest of which is 2,330 feet, and the daily out- put is about 350 barrels of oil. Mr. Mentry has charge of one of the largest industries in Southern California, and so thorough is his knowledge of the oil district, and of mining in all its branches, that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to fill his place. His first ex- perience in the oil business was in Venango County, Pennsylvania, in 1864. From there he went to Greene County and drilled two wells. Then, in 1865, he went to Pithole, and subse- quently drilled a well on the Hiner farm. He then took charge of some pumping and drilling wells for E. C. Lockwood. In April, 1868, he engaged in contracting, and this he followed un- til 1873, having an interest in several wells in Pennsylvania. In November, 1873, he came to California; first located in San Francisco, and later went to San Bernardino County, where he worked for the Ilolcom Valley Gold Mining Company. They soon suspended work, and he went to San P"'rancisco and dealt in stocks from 1874 to 1875. In April of the latter year he came to Los Angeles County, and drilled a well 417 feet deep in Grapevire Canon, for the Los Angeles Oil Company. Then, in company with J. G. Baker and D. C. Scott, they obtained a lease of lieal & Baker, at an eighth royalty, for two years, in Pico Cailon, known as the Pico Oil claim. The Pacific Coast Oil Company is an auxiliary to the California Star Oil Comjjany, and managed by the same otiicers. Mr. Mentry was born in France, and came to this country in 1854 with iiis father, Peter Mentry. In 1878 he married Miss May Lake, of Pennsylvania. They have two children: Irene and Arthur. Mr. Mentry is yet a comparatively young man, but he has had large business experience. The foregoing sketch is but a brief outline of his life, but quite sufficient to give an intelligent idea of social and business relations. tF. MacKAY, contractor, 927, Maple ave- nue, one of the oldest, most responsible, ® and best known contractors on the Pacific Coast, is the subject of this sketch, a member of the firm of MacKay it Jones. He is a native of Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, born Au- gust 18, 1830. He was reared and served an apprenticeship to his trade in his native prov- ince, and before reaching his majority started for the Pacific Coast, in 1849, but was diverted from his original purpose and went to New Or- leans where he remained until 1854. He then returned to Nova Scotia and engaged in busi- ness there several years. In 1858 he came to California, then went up to Nevada and located at Nevada City, where he engaged in con- tracting; was there four years. In 1862 he re- moved to Virginia City, and for twenty years was prominently engaged in contracting and building, doing a very large and successful business. In 1882 he came to Los Angeles, and engaged in contracting and building. The first two years his work was mostly on residences. He afterward erected Childs' Opera House, the Griffin Building, Foster's Block on Main street, the Los Angeles National Bank Building on First and Spring streets, the Kuhrts Block on Main street, Poberts Build- ing on the corner of Main and Seventh streets, the Pasadena Opera House, residence of Loeb, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. the French Consul, residence of 1. M. Hellman on Tenth street, Walter D. Stevenson's resi- dence, and many otliers. He has had a large and successful experience and enjoys an envia- ble reputation as a contractor and builder. Mr. MacKay was married, August 31, 1852, to Miss Catharine Cook, of Nova Scotia. They have iive children: Jaines Ormond, a graduate of West Point and an officer in the army, stationed at San Antonio; Katie, now Mrs. John Kelley, of San Francisco; Jennie, Margaret Amelia, and Ida Agatha. fOLONELHENKY HAREISON MAKK- HAM was born in Wilmington, Esse.x County, New York, November 16, 1840. On his father's side his ancestors were English. The Markhains in this country trace their origin back to Sir William Markham, who was deputy Governor under William Penn. On his mother's side, the McLeods were of Scotch descent. Colonel Markham, the subject of this sketch, received an academic education; and soon after he reached his niajoi'ity he entered the army as a private of the Thirty- second Wisconsin In- fantry. He was in many battles in the West, and was with Sherman in the march to the sea; he received a commission as Colonel, was wounded in North Carolina, and was discharged in June, 1865. On his recovery, after the close of the war, he engaged in the practice of law in Milwaukee until his removal to Pasadena, in this county, in 1879, where since he has made his home. Colonel Markham never was a can- didate for or held any public office, outside the army, until lie was elected to the Forty-ninth Congress, as a Republican, from the Sixth Con- gressional District of California (comprising the fourteen southern counties of the State), receiving 17,397 votes, against 16,990 votes for Del Valle, Democrat; 821 for Gould, Prohibi- tionist, and 236 for Kinley, Greenbacker. Be- fore his election to Congress he devoted his attention to mining, tirst, in the Oro Grande dis- trict on the Mojave River, and afterward assist- ing in opening up the Calico mines. But he sold his interests in these shortly before he went to Congress. Colonel Markham was one of the most influential and efficient members of Con- gress Southern California ever had. Being a thorough business man, and a man of brains he knew how to make himself useful to his constitu- ents, not by much talk, or " fuss or feathers," but by intelligent, well-directed, persistent la- bors. He knew how to -'organize victory," even under discouraging circumstances. Notwith- standing the great distance (3,000 miles) of his district from the capital of tlie nation; not- withstanding tlie lack of knowledge, the apathy, and sometimes the selfish prejudice of members of Congress concerning the vast material interests of the people he represented, he secured legisla- tion providing for needed improvements on this Pacific Coast that would have been voluntarily conceded long ago if California and its Sixth District had been located on the Atlantic Coast and near to the seat of Government, to-wit: (1) One hundred and fifty thousand dollars for a public building in Los Angeles, then a city of 82,000 inhabitants, but which has since in- creased to nearly 100,000; (2) Appropriations for Wilmington Harbor and also for the Outer Harbor; (3) Appropriations for San Luis Obispo Harbor; (4) The setting off from the Federal Judicial District of California (which was some 700 miles in length) of the District of South- ern California; (5) The establishment of army headquarters of Arizona, New Mexico and Southern California, at Los Angeles, which in the old Spanish and Mexican times, and down to the discovery of gold, had been the metrop- olis of both Baja and Alta California; (6) Or- dering the Secretary of War to prohibit the filling up of the rivers of California by hy- draulic mining, etc. To carry through all these important measures, considering the obstacles in the way, required tact, persistency and ability of no mean order. After such faithful and ef- fective services as these, which received the plauditsof his constituents of both political par- HISroBT OP LOS ANGELES UOUNTT. ties, of course Colonel Markham could have been re-elected triumphantly. But on account of ill-health he Toluntaril_y declined to stand for a second term, and has since devoted his atten- tion to his private affairs. He is now president of the Los Angeles Furniture Company; and he is a director and charter member of the Na- tional Bank of Lps Angeles. In March, 1889 he was elected by Congress as one of the man- agers of National Homes for Disabled Soldiers, and he is the local manager of the Santa Mon- ica Home. Colonel Markham has lately built himself a beautiful liome in Pasadena, where with pleasant surroundings, and the respect and confidence of a wide circle of friends, he now re- sides. He married in 1876 and has iive children. tENIlY MILNOH MITCHELL was born in HichinondjVirginia, December 14, 1846. Whilst yet a minor and attending the Vir- ginia Military Institute, he served as a member of the Cadet Corps in the Confederate army, in Ewell's command, and was at Appomattox. After the war he engaged in raising wheat and tobacco in Virginia; and in 1867 he taught school in North Carolina. In 1868 he came via Nicaragua to California and to Los Angeles. He first engaged here in surveying; then was a reporter and a law student for two or three years, being admitted to tiie bar in 1872, and to practice before the Supreme Court in 1879. He was under-sherifi' during tiie incumbency of Alexander and Kowland, and assisted in the capture of the notorious bandit Tiburcio Vas- quez. Mr. Mitchell has also filled tlie positions of public administrator and notary public; and lie served as Assistant Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff when General John M. Baldwin was in command of the First Brigade, National Guards of California. In 1877 Mr. Mitchell was elected sheriff of Los Angeles County. In 1880, after the expiration of iiis term, he re- sumed tlie jiractice of law. He also laid off the place on the San Rafael Uanciiu, where he now lives. In October, 1879, he married the eldest daughter of Andrew Glassell, Esq.; they have two children. Mr. Mitchell was grand marshal of the celebration in this city of the Centennial of our National Independence. He served five years in the local volunteer fire department. Mr. Mitchell is a man of fine chivalrous in- stincts, and he has made an enviable record as an officer, as a journalist and as an attorney, and is held in deservedly high estimation as a cultured geiitlenian in the community in wliicli he has lived now more than twenty years. H*^ fAMUEL MEYER, is a native of Stras- burg, Prussia, where he was born Febru- ary 25, 1830. He came to New York in 1849. He went to Macon, Georgia, and after- ward to Louisville and Vicksburg, from whence, in 1853, he came via Nicaragua to California, and to Los Angeles. He has been engaged in mercantile pursuits here ever since his arrival — nearly thirty-six years. Mr. Meyer was mar- ried to Miss Davis in 1861. They have eight ciiildren, six girls, two of whom are married, and two boys. Whilst Mr. Meyer's life has been a comparatively uneventful one, he has ever maintained the character of an honorable merchant and a good citizen. Mr. Meyer has been treasurer of the oldest Masonic lodge (No. 42), of Los Angeles, for twenty-three con- setiutive years. tA. MONTANO was born in Los Angeles October 19, 1862. He is a son of Pedro * Montano, a native of Spain, and at about seventeen years of age emigrated to Mexico, and came to California in 1849 where he pur- sued mining. He, in the early days of Los An- geles, located on the Los Angeles River near Boyle Heights, where he owned a tract of land and pursued agriculture. lie died November 22, 1807, leaving seven children, of whom the UISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. subject of this sketch is tlie youngest. A sister, Mrs. F. Moreno, and two brothers, Pedro and Manuel, live in Inyo County. A. A. was edu- cated at Santa Clara College, this State, and at twenty-two years of age was elected auditor of Los Angeles, rendering the public a most satis- factory service, and was re-elected the following year, 1886. He is now the deputy auditor of Los Angeles. He married in 1885 Miss Elizaj daughter of Daniel Henry, of San Luis Obispo, and they have two children, Edna and Josie. fj. MATHES, of Los Angeles, is a native of Knoxville, Tennessee, born October "* 17, 1848. His father, the Kev. A. A. IVIathes, a Presbyterian clergyman, lived in Knoxville for several years, where he pursued that avocation, and he also owned a plantation near tlie city. He endorsed the principles of tlie Abolition party, liberated his slaves, dis- posed of other property, and with the view of making his future home on "free soil" removed to Missouri. In this the object of his move was not, however, accomplished, and he soon took up his residence at Sigourney, Iowa; he now lives at Canton, Illinois. At Sigourney the subject of this sketch received his schooling, and at sixteen years of age left his home, and at Burlington, Iowa, learned the printer's trade, which he later pursued in Chicago. With a partner he afterward established and for two years published the Wilton GhTonicle^ at Wilton, Iowa. They disposed of this property and es- tablished the Colorado J!/oM;tto«?iger, at Colorado Springs, Colorado; continued publication of it until March, 1875, when he came to Los Angeles and entered the job printing business. Later he became one of the publishers of the Weekly Mirror and made of it a first-class weekly newspaper, which received the hearty support of the community. They afterward became associated with two other gentlemen and organized the Tunes- Mirror Company, and started in connection with the Weekly Mirror the Los Angeles Daily Times. Owing to fail- ing health Mr. Mathes retired from tlic pub- lisiiiug business and for about three years conducted a Pullman excursion business between Chicago and Los Angeles. In April, 1887, he en - tered the real-estate business, in which he is still engaged as an active member of the firm of Day, Ilinton & Mathes, No. 8 North Spring street. Mr. Mathes is an enterprising, ambitious man of afiairs, genial in his manners, aud esteemed for his excellent social and business qualities. He was married in 1872, at Wilton, Iowa, to Miss Annie Strohra. Her father Samuel Strohm, was a capitalist of that city. They have two children: Grace E. and Susie M. They reside at 23 North Hill street. ^-^3-^¥ • fOSEPH MULLALLY was born in Cincin- nati, Ohio, December 18, 1826. His father was a native of "Virginia, and his mother of Pennsylvania In 1850 he left overland for Cal- ifornia, arriving at Hangtown (Placervilie), August 5 of that year. He worked a while in the mines at Spanish Bar, on the middle fork of the American River. In March, 1851, he came to San Francisco, where he worked at his trade of brick-making till March, 1854, when he came to Los Angeles. With the exception of Captain Jesse D. Hunter, who made a few bricks here in early times, Mr. Mullally is the pioneer brick-maker of Los Angeles. He made the bricks for the first two-story school-houses, known as Number One, built in 1854, on the lot now occupied by the Bryson-Bonebrake Block, where so many of our boys and girls, now grown-up men and women, and fathers and mothers, were educated in the old pioneer days; and school-house Number Two, on Bath street, built in 1856, which has also been demolished after many years of usefulness. He made the bricks for Henry Dal ton's two-story residence, built in 1854, on the east side of Main street, corner of Second, which has only recently been cut through. Tiiis house, which Mr. Glassell J. 5^ y LIALLY. HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. occupied as a residence for many years, was torn down a few months ago. Other edifices erected with Mr. Mullally's bride were the old court-house (1858), and Arcadia Block, on Los Angeles street (1859), into which latter went 1,100,000 bricks, and cost about $80,000. It would not be easy to give the list of the build- ings of more recent years for which Mr. Mul- lally furnished the brick. He probably made four-fifths of all the bricks that were used Jiere prior to 1864. The highest number he has made in any one year was in 1888, when he made over 9,000,000. Mr. Mullally served nine or ten years as a city councilman, between 1857 and 1883. t ARRIS NEWMARK, dealer in hides and wool at Los Angeles, is a native of Prussia, and was born at Leoban in 1834. His father, Philip Newraark, was a manufacturer of boot blacking. Harris Newmark was reared and educated until he was fourteen years of age in his native city, when he went with his father to Denmark and Sweden, and remained with him in manufacturing boot blacking at Copenhagen and Gottenburg until he was nineteen. At that age he came to America and located at Los An- geles, whence his brother, Joseph P., had pre- ceded him two years, in 1851, and for whom he clerked in the mercantile business eight months, lie then engaged in the same business for him- self, and afterward became a member of the firm of Newmark, Kreiner & Co., at Los Angeles, doing a wholesale and retail business until 1861. He then retired from the firm and engaged in the commission business until 18(55 when he founded the wholesale grocery house at Los An- geles, known as H. Newmark & Co., which existed until 1886. Since that time be has been dealing in wool and hides. In 1858 he was married at Los Angeles to Miss Sarah New- mark, by whom he has six living children: two married daughters, a sou who is married, IL, of the wholesale grocery firm of M. A. New- mark & Co., of Los Angeles, and two young children. He and his family are members of the 'P>rai 'Braith Congregation of Hebrews of Los Angeles. fllEGO R McDON ALD, man ufacturer of the Universal Door Screen, 444 Grand avenue, Los Angeles, is a native of Canada, and was born August 20, 1851. He attended school and served an apprenticeship as carpenter and joiner; followed his trade there until 1881, M'hen he came to California and located in Los Angeles, continuing at his trade. His first job was on the Normal School building. In 1885 he established his present factory for manu- facturing the Universal Screen Door, and is one- half owner of the patent. The factory is large and commodious, his premises having a front- age of 122 feet on Sixth street by 120 feet on Grand avenue. He employs six to eight hands, and has built up a large trade. He has turned out 800 screens per month, being for doors and windows, and all kinds of screen work. In 1880 Mr. McDonald married Miss Mary Mc- Naughton, a native of the north of Ireland. They have two children, Mollieand Hannah, and they have lost one daughter, Katie by name. fACOB F. NORMAN.— Among the well- known residents of the Duarte is the above- named gentleman. Mr. Norman settled at the lower Duarte in 1883, and in the spring of that year purchased from Edward R. Chappelow eleven acres of the old Beardslee tract. This land is located on the east side of Mountain avenue, about a mile and a quarter southwest of the Duarte postofBce, in the Duarte school district. Mr. Norman's land is well improved and under a high state of cultivation, making one of the representative fruit ranches of this section. With the exception of 350 seedling orange trees of the " AVilson's I>est'' variety, his HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTT. land is planted in deciduous fruits, comprising some fifteen varieties of apples, peaches, pears, apricots, nectarines, quinces, prunes, plums, etc. Among his improvements ai-e a neat cottage resi- dence and suitable out-buildings. Mr. Norman is also the owner of an orange grove of an acre and a half, on Dnarte avenue, in Duarte, and also of improved real estate in Monrovia. In addition to conducting horticultural pursuits upon his lands, he has, since 1885, been engaged in shipping oranges to the Eastern markets. The subject of this sketch was born in Hay- wood County, Tennessee, in 1835. His father, Alfred Norman, was a native of North Canj- lina, who in his youth went to Alabama, and was rhere reared and married to Anna Byler, of that State. They subsequently settled in Ten- nessee. In 1840 Mr. Norman's parents moved to Missouri, and located in what was then a part of Cole County, but later became Moniteau County. There the subject of this sketch was reared as a farmer, receiving his education in the common schools. In 1857 he married Miss Eliza Byler, a native of Missouri, and the daugh- ter of Abram and Mary (Bowman) Byler. Mrs. Norman's father was of German descent, and a native of Pennsjdvania. Her mother was born in Missouri. In 1861 Mr. Norman located in Henry County, and there engaged in farming and stock -growing until 1869. In that year he took up his residence in Vernon County, where he continued his agricultural pursuits. In 1870 Mr. Norman was elected a justice of the peace in his county, and served as such until 1874, when he was elected clerk of the Circuit Court of Vernon County. He was re-elected in 1878 and served until January, 1883, when he resigned on account of ill health, and in the same month came to California. After a short stay in Los Angeles, he took up his present residence. Mr. Norman soon gained the respect of the com- munity in which he came to reside, and in 1886 was elected justice of the peace, and re-elected in 1888. He is Democratic in politics, and is a popular man, and was one of the only three Democratic justices elected in the county in 1888. Mr. Norman ha*s his office in Monrovia, of which city he is recorder. He is a director and stockholder of the Beardslee Water Com- pany. For many years he has been a member of the Masonic fraternity, and affiliated with Argyle Lodge, of Nevada, Missouri. He is also a member of the Baptist church. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Norman there are four children living, viz.: "William F., who mar- ried Miss Belle Churchill, and is residing in Vernon County, Missouri; Belle H., now Mrs. R. R. Smith, of Duarte; Emmett B., who- mar- ried Miss Viola Shrode, also a resident of Du- arte, and Anna May. fUELLE & NICOL PLANING MILL, Alameda street. The business of this com- pany was established in 1883, on a small scale, and carried on by Mr. Stovell until March, 1888, when the present company was organized and incorporated and succeeded to the business. Their factory is centrally located, the premises having a frontage of 210 feet on South Alameda street. They manufacture sash, doors, blinds and all kinds of moldings and scroll work. The company has a large established trade and gives employment to seventy-five hands during the busy season. Mr. A. A. Nuelle, the president of the company, is a native of St. Louis, Mis- souri, and was born May 16, 1850. He received his education in his native city and State. His father, William Nuelle, an old and honored citizen of St. Louis, was a prominent mill and lumberman in that State for many years and, now retired from active business, is living in that city. A. A. Nuelle learned the business of his father, and for fifteen years was successfully engaged in lumber and planing-mill enterprises, in his native State. He came to Los Angeles and organized the Nuelle & Nicol Planing Mill Company, in March, 1888. He has had a large practical experience in all the details of the busi- ness, and this company has taken a leading position in tlie trade. In 1876 Mr. Nuelle was HTSTORT OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. united in marriage to Miss Catharine Timmer- maiin, of Waterloo, Illinois. They have four children: Eugene A., Elizabeth C, Robert A. and Julia M. William Nicol, Vice-President of tlie Nuelle & Nicol Planing Mill Company, came to California in 1875 and was engaged in the planing-mill business in San Francisco for eleven years, until March, 1886, when he came to Los Angeles and was superintendent of the Mechan- ics Mill until March, 1888. The present com- pany was then organized and since that time he has held his present position. He has charge of the mechanical and contracting department. Mr. Nicol married Miss Jane Eitchie, of San Francisco. They have one son, Willie. James E. Sloan, Secretary of the above named company, is a native of Toronto, Canada. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1873, located in Nevada and remained there until 1881. In 1883 he came to Los Angeles and held the position of sales- man and book-keeper for several years, and upon the organization of this company was elected secretary. In May, 1883, he married Miss Eva B. Forman. She is a native of Lancaster, Ohio. -Swf. F^< A. NORMAN, contractor for artificial jXh stone and cement, Los Angeles, is a ^1 ® native of Arkansas, born May 18, 1842. lie was reared in Texas from childhood, and lived there when Sam Houston was Governor and until the war, when he enlisted in the Con- federate army. He served in the Third Texas Cavalry, in the command of General Eoss, the present Governor of Texas. He served four years and participated in over 300 battles, fights and skirmishes. After the war he returned to Texas and remained there until May, 1887, when lie came to Los Angeles and engaged in con- tracting in artificial-stone work for foundations of buildings, sidewalks, etc., and makes all kinds of molded artificial-stone and cement work. He has the contract for the stone and cement founda- tions of the Burdiek Block, corner of Second and Spring streets, one of the most solid, substantial blocks in the city; also for the sidewalks around the same building. He has a large practical experience in molded stone and cement work, and has built up a good trade. He has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Emma Hoyt, of Kentucky. They had five children. His present wife was Mrs. Rosa Bowie, of London, England. ^ CLAY NEEDHAM, Superintendent of ^p\ St. John subdivision of the San Francisco ^s¥* Eancho, took charge of this business in 1889. The tract embraces 10,000 acres of land, on which the town of Newhall now stands. This land was bought some years ago by ex- Governor Jolni P. St. John, of Olathe, Kansas; George B. Katzenstein, of Sacramento, Califor- nia, and Jesse Yarnell, of Los Angeles, Califor- nia. This land has an altitude of 1,300 feet, in the beautiful foot-h'ills skirting the Santa Clara Valley, and only two miles north of the w^onder- ful San Fernando Tunnel. It embraces every variety of desirable soil and climate to be found in Southern California. The purity of the w-ater and the clear atmosphere inakes Newhall and its surroundings one of the healthiest localities in the State. Mr. Needhain will be found at his post, clever and obliging, ready to attend to business in the most expeditious manner. lie comes from Hardin County, Kentucky, and was born in 1851. He is a son of P. S. Needham, a farmer and miller, who died in Kentucky in 1886. The subject of this sketch was educated at Hamilton College, Elizabethtown, Kentucky, and subsequently went to Kansas, where he taught school for two years. Then he went into the coal business and bought and leased lands till 1884. From 1884 till 1889 he engaged in stock- raising and farming. He also engaged in the lumberandhardwarebnsinessin Arcadia, Kansas, and while there served as mayor of that city. He was married in Kansas, i-n 1878, to Miss Lillie F. Taylor. She is a native of Warren County, Kentucky. The following are the names of their HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. children: Nellie May, Blanche Pearle, Russell Everet and Neal. Both Mr. and Mrs. Need- ham are active members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and earnest workers in the Sunday- school. Mr. Needham is a recent acquisition to this State, but by his genial disposition and business qualifications he has won a place already in the hearts of his fellow-men; and through his ability as a salesman and the desirability of the lands, very many home-seekers ought soon to find places in the St. John's Prohibition Colony. A. NEWMARK & CO. -This name is conspicuous in the business history of Southern California. In 1851 Harris Newark, the founder of the great wholesale gro- cery house of M. A. Newmark & Co., the oldest and largest in this part of the State, left Ger- many, his native land, and came to Los Angeles; and for over a third of a century he and his successors have been actively and prominently identified with the business and financial growth of Los Angeles. In 1865 he opened the first wholesale grocery store in the city and was its managing head for twenty-one years. In 1860 Mr. Newmark associated with himself the two brothers, Kasper and Samuel Cohn, under the firm name of H. Newmark & Co. This rela- tion continued until the death of Samuel Cohn, a number of years ago. Kasper retired from the business in 1884, and two years later H. Newmark also retired. In 1870 M. J. New- mark was taken in as a partner, and soon after M. A. Newark came into the firm. The former retired in 1879, and upon the retirement of the founder of the house, M. A. Newmark took his jdace as senior member of the present firm, which includes, besides him, M. H. Newmark, Max Cohn and Carl Seligman. Their place of business is the large brick block embracing Nos. 41 to 51 inclusive, on North Los Angeles street, and contains 40,000 square feet of floor room. This furnishes space for a very large stock ui groceries, tobacco and cigars and li(juors carried by this enterprising house, whose trade extends over Southern California as far north as Baker-^- field and eastward into New Mexico and Texas, and has reached $2,000,000 a year. The arm employs thirty-five to forty people in their busi- ness, nine of whom are outside salesman. fO. NEWHALL, the genial and obliging proprietor of the Southern Hotel in New- ** hall, also dealer in general merchandise, is a native of Massachusetts. He was born near the " Hub " at a town called Saugus. He is a son of J. A. Newhall, who was foreman in a Boston store for many years. Mr. Newhall is a nephew of H. M. Newhall, the celebrated owner of the Newhall Ranch. He has been in the mercantile business for several years, having clerked for Newhall, Sons & Co. in San Fran- cisco for a number of years. In 1887 he opened the hotel in Newhall, which burned down Octo- ber 23 of the same year. Mr. Newhall was married in San Francisco in 1884 to Miss Laura E. Terry. This lady is a native of the Golden State, and was born in Ilealdsburg, Sonoma County. She is a novelist of some note, having written under the nom de plume of "Ada L. Halstead." One of her novels has been pub- lished by the Golden Era Publishing Company of San Francisco. The title of this novel is " Adopted; or. The Serpent Bracelet." Another work soon to appear is " Myrine; or. The Death Trust." Mrs. Newhall is a regular contributor to Waverly's Magazine, in Boston, also to sev- eral local papers. Mr. and Mrs. Newhall reside at No. li Spruce street, opposite the South- ern Hotel, in the beautiful mountain village bearino; the same name. -iy^ :fLLIS NEWTON.— There is not, per- laps, in all this county, a farmer more .vorthy of mention in this work than is Mr. Newton. He began at the very bottom, in HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. this county, and to-day is one of tlie leading farmers in liis section. He was born February 8, 1840, in Hot Springs County, Arkansas, and is a son of John and Lydia (Meredith) Newton, both natives of Tennessee. His grandfather was a native of the Old Dominion, and his great-grandfather was a native of Ireland. He came across the water in time to serve as a sol- dier in the Revolutionary war. Lydia Meredith traces lier ancestry back to the Welsh. By Mr. Newton she had eight children, live sons and three daughters, of which the subject of this sketch is the sixth child. He, with the rest, had such educational advantages as were afforded them by the common schools of tlieir native State. There he married, April 9, 1857, Miss Charlotte Hudson, a native of Missouri, and the daughter of "William and Nancy (Richardson) Hudson, Loth from Virginia. Mr. Hudson emigrated from Virginia to Kentucky, from Kentucky to Missouri, from Missouri to Arkan- sas, and from Arkansas to Te.xas, where he died in January, 1882, aged eighty-four years. In 1860 Mr. Newton went to Lampasas County, Texas, where he engaged in the stock business very successfully till 1865. He then incurred heavy losses, and in the same year started west- ward across the plains for California. After a long and tedious journey of eight munths they arrived in Los Angeles County. They pitched their tent, in which they lived for ten days. Then he rented land and farmed for three years, when, in 1868, he bought 100 acres, three and a half miles southeast of Downey. On this farm he and his faithful wife endured all the hardships and inconveniences of pioneer life; and, had they been easily discouraged, they would never have had the pleasant home they now have, with all their children well settled in life. "William, the oldest son, married Ada Goodwin, and is a farmer near Norwalk. John is a trusted engineer on the Southern Pacific Railroad. Jesse married Sallie Hunting, and is an extensive farmer in San Diego County. Alice, their only daughter, is still at homo. Ml Mrs. Newton have both been membi of the Baptist Church for more than thirty years, and fjr several years he has been a Dea- con in that church. He and Prof. S. Holgate were the first members initiated into the Ma sonic lodge at Downey, and he is still an honored member of that fraternity. Mr. New- ton is recognized by all who know him as an enterprising farmer, a good citizen and a true Christian. '%' tLLEN W. NEIGHBORS, a general farmer and fruit raiser, residing one mile north of Downey, came to California in 1865, and located in San Bernardino County, where he re- mained two years, after which he came to Los Angeles County. He bought eighty aci'es of land, which he has highly improved, and has recently erected a verj comfortable residence, having lost his original home by fire two years ago. He has some thirty-five acres of English walnuts, and a fine variety of oranges and lemons. Mr. Neighbors came from Texas to this State, but is a native of South Carolina, born in York district in 1825, his parents being James and Sarah (Allen) Neighbors, both natives of South Carolina. Their ancestors were pioneers of Virginia, and were of English descent. They both died in Mississippi, having reared a family of four sons and one daughter, Sarah Neighbors; the subject of this sketch bei "g the oldest. He was married in 1855 to a Miss Burrough, by whom he had four chil- dren: Ishmael ; Celia, now the wife of Stanford Cheney; Nancy, wife of Anion Rose, and Sarah, wife of John Fuquay, of San Bernardino County. His first wife having died, he was married again, this time in Kentucky, to Miss Elizabeth McCan, a native of Tennessee, and daughter of John and Mary (Boshares) McCan. Her father was a native of Kentucky, and her mother a native of Tennessee. This second union has been blessed with seven children: James, who married Miss McMiilen; John W., at home; William F., who married Moley Sex; iiurrell. BISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. at home; Mary, wife of Jolin Borden, of San Diego; Maggie, wife of Henry Burk, of Los Neitus. and Emma, at liome. Mrs. Neighbors and her daughters are members of the Baptist Clmrch. Politically Mr. Neighbors affiliates with the Democratic party. At tli^e age of twenty-one he enlisted in the Mexican war, under Colonel Nat Anderson, of Memphis, Ten- nessee. S. M. Neighbors, a brother of Allen W., resides with him at Downey. WILLIAM O'CONNOR. — Among the noticeable. fine orange groves of Pomona is that owned by Mr. O'Connor, who has sixteen acres on White avenue, north of Holt avenue. Eight acres of this land are pro- ducing oranges of the Tahiti seedling variety. Tliese trees were planted by Mr. O'Connor in 1877, and are in full bearing, yielding large crops of some of the finest seedling oranges to be found in San Jose Valley. The rest of his land — such as is not occupied by his buildings — is devoted to decidnous fruits, comprising French prunes, peaches, apricots, pears, etc. Mr. O'Connor lias upon his land a substantial cottage residence of modern arcliitectural design, occupied by his family, and also three other cottages which are erected for purchasers of suburban homes. The subject of this sketch was born in Sligo County, Ireland, March 2G, 1842. His parents, Michael and Mary (McTigh) O'Connor, were both natives of that county. His father was a gardener and nurseryman, and in 1847 moved his family to Manchester, England. Mr. Connor was deprived of almost all educational facilities, and at the age of seven years was sent into a factory, where he worked as a cotton spinner for one-half of each day, and later was employed all his time at that occupation. When about seventeen years of age his parents emigrated to the United States and settled in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, where he was engaged as a coal miner until 1861 or 1802. He then went to Omaha, Nebraska, and was engaged by the Union Pacific Railroad Company in the construction of their railroad across the continent. In 1864, before the com- pletion of that road, he entered the employ of the Central Pacific Railroad Company, and was employed in construction work in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and at other points. In 1875, while still in the railroad employ, he came to Los Angeles County, first working in con- struction at Anaheim, and in July of the same year he came to Spadra, where he was placed in charge over a section under construction. He was a section master upon the road until 1883, when he quit railroading and devoted himself to a thorough cultivation of Iris fruit farm which he had established in 1877. He has also been engaged in street railroad construction in Pomona, as a contractor, and was one of the builders of the motor line to North Pomona. Mr. O'Connor's success in life has been due to his energetic and industrious habits, coupled with his well poised intellect and native wit, rather than to any educational advantages he received in his yonth; and his straightforward course of life has gained him the respect and esteem of his associates. Politically, he is a straight Republican. A strong supporter of churches and schools, he has contributed liber- ally to both, and was one of the first to aid in building and establishing the Catholic Church in Pomona. In August, 1878, Mr. O'Connor married Miss Catherine Riley, the daughter of Patrick and Bridget (Riley) Riley, residents of Caven County, Ireland. Mrs. O'Connor was born in that county March 28, 1847. Mr. and Mrs. O'Connor have had six children: William J., Edward H., Catherine R., Ada Madeline, Grace M., and Francis L. The fourth child, John P., died May 21, 1882, aged fourteen months and eleven days. W. ORR, one of the true pioneers of California, and one of the most suc- ' cessful farmers in Los Angeles County, born in Union County, Kentucky, February HTSTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 15, 1832, a son of William and Susan (Stone) Orr, both natives of Kentucky. His grand- father, John Orr, was a native of Ireland and catne to this country many years ago, settling in Kentucky. For many years he was a surveyor in the wilds of Kentucky, and subsequently a fanner. The subjec^t of this sketch is the fifth in a family of seven children; was but five years old when his father died; his niother died in the year 1867. Mr. Orr came to California in 1852, across the plains. He worked at mining some, but was not very successful; then he farmed in Oakland Valley for several years; ne.xt he moved to Contra Costa County, and en- gaged in stock-raising for six years. After this he took charge of the La Fayette Hotel, where in a year and a half lie lost about all lie had. lu 1864, in company with Judge Venable, he went to Nevada and carried on the lumber busi- ness for about three years. In December, 1866, lie started back to Kentucky, arriving there the 8th of January, 1867, and the iie.xt year was married to Miss Sallie Ryle. This lady was born in Oldham County, Kentucky, and is the daughter of William and Annie (Baldock) Ryle. Her father died in California, January 26, 1889, at the advanced age of eighty-four years, and her mother is still living with her at a good old age. After their marriage our subject and his wife went to Texas, and at Waco their first child was born. Just twelve months after leaving their home in Kentucky they lauded at San Diego, California. Mr. Orr was entirely out of money, but with that determination which is characteristic of so many of the pioneers of this county, he went to work, and many were the hardships which he and his young wife endured. He received a letter from his faithful friend. Judge Yenable, to come to Los Angeles County, and at once accepted the invitation. He rented land in this county for two years, and then bouglit forty acres of land where lie now lives. To the original forty he has added 160 acres more, all well improved, and a comfortable res- idence. He has some of the finest- thorongh- bre{■ I be T. jireseiil from ('aiiill wli inlliK Calii; y, as a particular IS OIK! of the most (if that epocli in In IS'JS Do xvliieli M'l"' wbiel I'orlilla was tli.. (iov,.r,u>r iMdiandia I,, I ry a Mexican citizen, Luis I! (pieslioii of tlie precedence of the civ dered by lie cliiirgos against ,'as, in which the r the military antliority came uji iukI whs velienienlly contested. In 1831 Pico, wilb olhers, joined in resisling the aggressive course of (leneraJ \'ie Inria; and on llie lUllb of November ihey issued a "I'rommeiaiuenI,,," luid lliey gained 'the lui- liesion of all the military companies at San Diego. Ceneial flehandia placed iiimself at the lieiid ollhe reMilulionary force. lie dispatched lilly men under ( 'aplain I'ortilla to Los Angeles, with orders lo imprisiin the Alcalde Vicente Siin- ehe/. and set al libvrly several citi/.ens whom he had ill.-allv imprisoned. Caplain Torlilla, on ipi d in liOs Anireles geies ■d .mt Ihe or- ders of his superior. The same day ihal Caji tain Portilla arrived in the pueblo, (ieueral Victoria, on his way scnith from Monterey, reached the mission id" Siui Keriuuido, where lie ineiit to.ik place between ibe Iwo birces, just west of the eily, wliicli resulted jiartly in favor of Victoria, who, however, was seriously wounded; and also in ihe lamentable loss of two good eiti /ens, vi/.: .lose M. Abila and ("aplain I'aeliero. Victoria retired to San (Jaliriel, and the next day 8urrondere(l i,,, I'orliila. Don I'io was (Jov- ernor at the time of the cliaiiHe of ( ;,)vernm(Mit, and did his best to defend the Territory, but the ciml(!st was a hopeless one, especially after the cajiture of the National capital by the Aincri- can army. Poth ho and Don Andres accepted the inevitable, and became good American citi- zens. General Pico died some years ago; and (Jovernor Pic^o, now almost the last of his family^ is still hale and robust al the age of eighty- eight; and he may be seen on our streets, a striking ligure; although his hair and full beard are while, and his appcarauco is venerable, he --f--»K^ H^ niAN(;is PKAiKM-: i fill and eneriretic menti me are 1 than long the success- s of this county lore deserving of an appropriate 1 Mr. Pearce. He is a native of hinghind, and brought with him to this country that energy and storness of character which are characteristic of the Kngliish poo])Ie in general, lie was b,,rii in Cornwall, December 10, ISfl-. His lalber is William I 'earce, a very suecessl'nl iarmer in Santa (JIara County, this State. Our subject is one of a family of four children — one girl ISCl layi md three boys who came to A and were wreeked ,m I be (I real Kastern. put back 1,1 Liverp.iol and remained live after which they continued their westward \dyage over the "watery waste,'' and landed safe at Quebec. From there Mr. i'earce went to Wisconsin, and thence to San Francisco, ar- riving there January 27, 18(52. He worked lirst in the quicksilver mines, fourteen miles from San .lose, for eleven years. Here ho was minor, engine.'rand mechanic. From the .luicksilver mines he weni lo Kl Dorado C.mnly and was engineer in the mines lliere lor abonl one year. Then he went lo Arizona and opened np the McCraeken mines. Next he went lo Mexico, his slop relatives UISrORY OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. Angeles County, and decided to purchase a farm and make a home. He accoraingly bought the forty acres wliere he now lives. On tliis tract, witii ills own IkukIs, lie lias Imilt a residence wlucii woul.i lie a credit to the liest j)rofessional mechanic. He is a natural genius, and can make almost anything, even to a steam engine. After fitting up his home he began to think it "not good to he alone," and accordingly asked Miss Mary V. Callaway to share his joys and sorrows through life. The lady accepted his modest invitation and November 29, 1877, they were made one. She is the daughter of Daniel C. Callaway, of North Carolina, who came to California when Mary was ten years old. He is one of the successful farmers of Santa Clara County, and is now at the advanced age of cif^hty years. Mr. and Mrs. I'earce have had live children; three only ai-e living: Emma, Lulu and Mary. -IH.^*^ fN. PliKSTON, senior member of the firm of J.N. Preston & Son, architects, Los ** Angeles, was born in Wayne County, New York, October 5, 1832. During his early child- hood the family removed to Lansing, the capi- tal of the State of Michigan, where the son grew up and learned his profession. Following this in that city until 1875, he moved tlience to Austin, Texas, where he established a leading business in his line, drawing the designs for, and erecting, some of the largest business blocks in that and other cities. His plans were accepted for the three State asylums in Austin, the Insane Asylum at Terrell, and the magnificent Hotel Driskill, the finest in the South. He was one of the commissioners to select the design for the State House, and during its construction he held the position of superintending architect. In May, 1886, he came with his son to Los Angeles, and since then has taken a leading position in his profession in this rapidly growing city. He and his son have drawn plans for some of the finest blocks in the place. They are scientific artisans. Mr. Preston married Miss Janet Johnson, of Cornwall, Canada. They have one son, S. A. J. (see sketch elsewhere), and two daughters, Sarah Pt. and Flora C. tEWIS C. POLLARD was born in Clarke County, Alabama, in 1839. His father, Richard Pollard, was a native of Missis- sippi, and a farmer by occupation. His mother, Susan Bell, was born in Alabama. She died when Mr. Pollard was about nine years old. His father then moved to Caddo Parish and tliere engaged in cotton-planting until 1855, when he emigrated to Te.xas and located in Lamar County, where he engaged in farming and stock-raising. The subject of this sketch remained with his father, engaged in agricultural pursuits, until 1861. In the spring of that year he started overland for California. This jour- ney was made by ox teams, and it was not until October that his train reached El Monte, in the San Gabriel Valley. After a stop of two months at that place Mr. Pollard went to Merced County and was engaged in mining until the next sum- mer. He then returned to Los Angeles County and was engaged in farming near EI Monte until 1868. In that year he took up his resi- dence in Los Nietos Valley, and the next year established a livery stable at Gallatin, and also engaged in farming operations. Mr. Pollard conducted his business at that point until 1873. He then purchased an eighty-acre ranch at the Azusa, in the East San Gabriel Valley, spend- ing two years at farming. In 1875 he moved his livery stable from Gallatin to Downey and took up his residence in that town, where lie re- mained until 1887, when he moved to Azusa, which was then rapidly springing into existence. There he established a livery stable and became identified with the building up of the town, and since that time has continued business at that point. At this writing (1889) Mr. Pollard has a wcll-aj)pointcd and equipped establishment, one (jf the best in that section of the couiitv, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. comprising ten horses and a complete outfit of carriages, etc. He is also devoting considerable attention to horticultural pursuits, and is the owner of twenty acres of fine fruit land, located a mile and a half south of Azusa, which he is devoting to citrus and deciduous fruits. He has property interests in Azusa, consisting of residence and several town lots, besides his stables, residence and lots at Downey. Mr. Pollard is an enterprising and progressive citi- zen, well known throughout the sections of Los Angeles County, where lie has resided for more than a quarter of a century; and his success in life has been secured by industrious habits and straightforward dealings. In political matters he is a consistent Democrat, and one who takes an interest in the success of his party. He is a strong believer in the future success of his sec- tion and is a supporter of such enterprises as will develop its resources. In 18G9 Mr. Pollard was united in marriage with Miss Ellen William- son, a native of Texas. Her parents, Nelson and Gertrude "Williamson, are now living in Los Angeles County. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Pollard there are si.x children living, viz.: Olive E., Eichard, Mary A., Gertrude, Lewis A. and Robert, all of whom are members of their father's household. Mr. Pollard's father is now a resident of Los Angeles County. ■^s=^ fA. J. PRESTON, of the firmof J. N. Pres- ton & Son, architects, Nos. 76, 77 and 79 ® "Wilson Block, corner of Spring and First streets, was born in Eaton County, Michigan, on Independence Day, 1858. After completing the High-School course, he assisted his father as an architect for several years. Then he com- pleted a course in the architectural department of the Massachusetts School of Technology, since which time he has been associated with his father in the present relation. They have elaborated designs for many fine structures in this city, since their arrival here three years ago; indeed, they have taken a leading position in their jiro- fession. November 1, 1884, is the date of Mr. Preston's marriage to Miss Clara May Bloom - burg, of Michigan, and they have one daughtci-, Janet Maria. fAMES C. PRESTON.— Among the welll known residents of the Upper San Gabrie- Valley is the subject of this sketch. Mr. Preston dates his birth in Washington County, Virginia, November 22, 1831. His parents were Thomas M. and Jane (Orr) Preston, both natives of that State, and descendants of promi- nent families of the Old Dominion. Mr. Preston was reared to farm life, and given the advantages of a good education, until about nineteen years of age. He then engaged in teaching school. In 1855 he engaged in mer- cantile pursuits, which he conducted until 1860. In that year he went to Texas, and from there to Missouri, where he purchased a band of sheep, which he drove to Texas, and located in Hunt County. He was there engaged in stock-growing until the breaking out of the civil war. In 1862 he entered the Confederate military service as a Quartermaster and Com- missary Sergeant of Major Burnett's well-known battalion of sh irp-shooters. He served in the armies east of the Mississippi, at Port Hudson, Jackson and other points, until after the fall of Vicksburg. His command was then ordered back to the trans-Mississippi department, in which he served until the close of the war in 1865. At the cessation of hostilities, Mr. Preston gladly accepted the situation, and re- tired to his home in Hunt County. Resuming his farming operations, he was there engaged until the spring of 1868, when he started by emigrant teams overland for California. It was not until September of that year that his long journey over the deserts and mountains ended by his arrival at San Bernardino. After a short stay there, he located at El Monte, in Los An- geles County, where he remained until the next vear. He then went to San Bernardino, and nrsTouT OF los angeles county tlie next two years was engaged in farming upon rented lands near that city. In 1871 he re- turned to Los Angeles Connty, and took np liis residence about a tnile and a (juarter west of the present site of Glendora. Tiiere lie entered 160 acres of Government land. Years of litigation with the Azusa grant holders over the owner- ship of this land, followed, and it was not until about 1880 that the court decisions gave him his title. This retarded many of his projected improvements, and he confined his operations principally to grain-raising. Since 1885 he has sold his lands, until at this writing (1889) he is the owner of twenty acres which he is putting under a tine state of improvement and cultiva- tion. In 1886 he established a nursery of citrus fruits, an enterprise that he has made successful, and produced some of the finest trees in his section. His land will be devoted to citrns and deciduous fruits, the soil being specially adapted to that branch of horticultural products. Water for irrigation purposes is supplied from the ditjhes of the Azusa Water Development and Irrigation Company, which pass through his land. Mr. Preston's long residence, and the prominent stand he took in the various land contests affecting the titles in the Upper San (iabriel Valley, has made him well known, and gained him a large circle of friends. He has alwaj'S been a strong supj)orter of such enter- ]>rises as would develop the resonrces and encourage the settling up of his section. He is an earnest advocate of the public-school sys- tem, and for many years was a school trustee of his district. In 1871 he was elected constable of the San Jose Township, and in the year 1872 -'73, after his section was embodied in Azusa Township, served in the same capacity in that townsiiip. He was one of the incorporators and is now (1889) the treasurer of the Azusa Water Development Company. In political mat- ters he is a Democrat, but is liberal and con- servative in his views. In 1864 Mr. Preston wedded Miss Mary Ddugherty, a native of Virginia. She is the daughter of Charles and ' Jlosamond .f. (Hale) Dougherty. Her father was [ a native of North Carolina, and her mother of Virginia. Mrs. Preston's parents canie to Los Angeles County in 1868. Her father died at the Azusa in 187it. Her mother is now a resident of San Bernardino County. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Preston there are living the fol- lowing-named children: Charles Thomas, Will- iam T., John L., Mary Myrtle, Jamas L., Carrie V. and Ralph, all of whom are members of their father's household. fL. PALMER, a progressive and enter- prising business man of Pomona, is a ® native of Stonington. Connecticut, dating his birth in 1852. His parents, Franklin A. and Arabella (Stoddard) Palmer, are both de- scendants of old colonial families of that State. Pie was reared and schooled in New England, completing his education in Rhode Island. In 1869 he came to California and for several years was employed as an accountant in the United States Surveyor General's oflice in San Francisco. In 1874 he vvas appointed secretary of the San Joaquin and Kings River Canal and Irrigation Company, organized by some of the old-time capitalists of Sin Francisco, — J. Mora Moss (president), Isaac Friedlander, William C. Ralston, Nicholas Luning, Charles Lu.y, John Bensley, and Charles Webb Howard, — which re- sponsible position he held until 1883. In June of that year he came to Pomona, where he was elected treasurer and agent of the Pomona Land and Water Company. In February, 1887, he was elected as the secretary and treasurer of the company, a position which he has held contin- uously since that date. Mr. Palmer has been one of the most active oflicers of that company, and much of its success is due to his enterpris- ing and energetic management. He is also a successful horticulturist, owning twenty acres of land located at North Pomona, which he has placed under a high state of cultivation and improvement, and is ])roducing a large variety of citru.s and dwidnous fruits, wliidi aiv not niSTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. excelled by any grown in the Pomona Valley. He is deeply interested in the future growth and pros})erity of the valley, which is destined to become one of the richest fruit-growing sec- tions of the State, and has devoted time and means in showing to the world the wonderful productions of the section in which he resides. He is the vice-president of the Pomona Bank, and is also secretary ot the following incor- porated companies doing business in the city of Pomona: Pomona City Water Works, Irrigation Company of Pomona, Palomares Irrigation Company, Del Monte Irrigation Company, and Canon Irrigation Company. He is also inter- ested in many other enterprises that have been coiiducive to the growth and prosperity of the city. He is a strong supporter of schools and churches, and is a member and trustee of the Pilgrim Congregational Church of Pomona. In politics he is a stanch Republican, taking a great interest in the success of his party. He is always found allied with its best elements. In 1879 Mr. Palmer was united in marriage with Miss Martha Belcher, the daughter of F. P. Belcher, of Oakland. The names of the children are: Frank C, Frederick B., Donald Day and Eoger Sherman. ^-^m^ ■ tENPtY A. PALMER is one of the prom- inent business men of Pomona, who has for years been associated witii the various industries and interests that have been so in- strumental in building up and creating one of the most prosperous cities of Los Angeles County. In 1S82 Mr. Palmer, in connection with C. T. Mills, of Oakland, and M. L. Wicks, of Los Angeles, incorporated the Pomona Land and Water Company. This company succeeded the old Los Angeles Irrigation and Land Co- operative Association, purchasing their land and water rights and also buying an interest in the Loop & Meserve tract and San Antonio Canon water rights. From its incorporation until 1884 Mr. Palmer was vice president of the company; he was then elected president (vice C. T. Mills, deceased), which position was filled by him until 1887. It was while under his able management that the company reached its greatest success, and the city of Pomona sprang, as if by magic, into existence as the leading town in the San Jose Valley. He is also the owner and incorporator of the Pomona Bank, the first incorporated (1883) in that city, and the second to open its doors for business. He has also taken an active and leading part in the street railroads and other enterprises that have been so beneiicial to the city. Mr. Palm- er's life has been spent in active business pur- suits, a brief resume of which is of interest. He is a native of Stonington, Connecticut, dating his birth in 1842. He was reared in his native place and given the advantages of a good academical and business education, and early entered into mercantile life as a clerk. He was engaged as an express agent, and afterward as a clerk in the United States Custom House at Stonington. In 1862 he came to California and was employed in a banking and assay office' in Folsom, Sacramento County, nntil 1864, and then spent a year in assaying in Michigan Bluff. While there he was offered the responsi- ble position of cashier in the United States Mint at San Francisco, which position he filled from 1865 to 1867. He then accepted the po- sition of cashier in the well-known banking house of Banks & Co., of that city, and was employed in their bank until 18G9, when he organized and was appo nted cashier of the Union Savings Bank of Oakland. From that time until 1886 Mr. Palmer was prominently identified with the banking interests of that city. He was the first cashier of the Union Savings Bank upon its incorporation in 1869, and afterward the first cashier of the Union National Bank, established in 1877. From 1882 to 1886 he was the president of the last-named institution, and also vice-president and treas- urer of the Union Savings Bank. Since 1886 Mr. Palmer has spent most of his time in con- ductiuirhis various business interests in Pomona. BISTORT OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Mr. Palmer has also held many positions of trust ill the institutions of State and county. He was the secretary and treasurer of the State institution for the deaf, dumb and blind at Berkeley, from 1870 to 1882, and is now one of the directors of that institution, having been appointed as such in 1885; and for tsvo years was director of the Home for the Adult Blind. He was for eight years a member of the board of education as a school director in Berkeley, and is now the president of the board of trus- tees of the Pomona College. He is also a mem- ber of the Pilgrim Congregational Church of Pomona, and one of its trustees and strongest supporters. In political matters he is a straight Kepublican, and is always allied with the best elements of that party. He stands high in Ma- sonic circles; is a member of Durant Lodge, of Berkeley, and of the chapter and commandery of Oakland, and is also a member of the Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, of San Francisco. In 1867 Mr. Palmer married Miss Jane O. Day, the daughter of Sherman Day, formerly the United States Surveyor-Gen- eral of California, and well known throughout the State. The names of their children are: Theodore S., Elizabeth D. and Harold K. Mr. Palmer's father was Benjamin F. Palmer, a well known resident of Stonington, Connecticut, and a descendant from one of the old colonial fami- lies of New England. Both Mr. Palmer and his wife are direct descendants of Roger Sher- man, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, from Connecticut. fA. PACKARD. — Among the most pro- ductive and best improved properties in ® the San Josd Valley is that of the above- named gentleman. His 170-acre tract is located just north of and adjoining the town of Lords- burg. Mr. Packard is a resident of Chicago, Illinois, where he has spent many years in a successful business career. Desirous of a winter residence in the genial climate of Southern Cal- ifornia, in 1884 he purchased the land above mentioned and commenced its improvement and cultivation. Eighty acres of his land are de- voted to vineyard purposes, producing wine grapes, in about equal proportions, of the Zin- fandel, Berger and Matero varieties, and also about thirty-five varieties of table grapes for family use. His vineyard, though not in full bearing, is remarkably productive. Twenty-five acres in 1888 yielded an average of twelve tons per acre. The average yield per acre of his eighty acres in the same year was eight tons per acre. Forty-five acres are j)lanted with trees, classed as follows: Ten acres in Washing- ton Navel oranges, fifteen acres in apricots, ten acres in French prunes, and ten acres in pears. At present he is extending his orchard by plant- ing twenty-five acres of orange trees. Every- thing about his model farm shows the success to be gained in horticultural pursuits, when in- telligent care and cultivation is combined with sound business principles. His improvements are of the first order. His beautiful residence is a model country home. No expense has been spared in securing all the conveniences and com- forts that characterize this well-ordered place. Shade and ornamental trees, rich floral produc tions and well-kept lawns add to the comfort and beauty of his surroundings. Commodious barns and out-buildings, including a large two- story fruit storage and packinghouse, are among his substantial improvements. The water for irrigation purposes is procured from the foot- hills north of the place, from the supply de- veloped by Fleming & llohrer, and is piped to a 470,000-gallon reservoir, located on the north- east corner of his lands, and thence by a com- plete system of pipe lines is distributed over the place. This reservoir has an elevation of fifty-five feet above the location of his residence and farm buildings, furnishing a strong water pressure which Mr. Packard has made available in running a water moter, that is utilized in running circular saws, emery wheels, grindstones, etc. Except on the south line, Mr. Packard's land is surrounded by a line of eucalyptus trees, niSrORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. adding greatly to the beauty of his place, while fiirnishing protection against undesirable winds. Mr. Packard is a successful business man and capitalist, having large interests in Chicago and other points East. His engagement in horti- cultui-al pursuits in the San Jose Valley is not a mere pastime; it is a successful business vent- ure, made so by the application of the same energy and sound business principles that have secured him success in the various enterprises that have engaged many years of his life. He is a progressive and representative citizen, ready and willing to aid any enterprise that will build up and develop the resources of his section. tOx\. JOAQUIN DIAZ PRIETO, Mexican Consul at Los Angeles, was born in the city of Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico, April 4, 1847. He attended school and received his education in the city of Vera Cruz, studied medi- cine, received his license from the Government and engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1864 he was studying medicine at Vera Cruz at tlie time that Maximillian came to invade Mexico, and was one of the first to protect and to take up arms in defense of his country. He was appointed to a place in the medical depart- ment of the Government during the troubles with England, France and Spain, and served two years. In 1872 he was appointed customs offi- cer by President Juarez at Frontera, State Ta- basco, and was connected with this department of the Government for five years, a position of great responsibility. He was the second chief customs official, with bonds. He then resumed the practice of his profession. He was made prefect politico and military commander of the States of Tobasco and Campeche, and also ap- pointed judge of first instance for the same States. In 1882 he was appointed by his Gov- ernment and sent as consul to Tombstone, Ari- zona. It was a position of great responsibility at that time, during the trouble between Ari- zona and Mexico, and it required very judicious treatment. He was the first consul to defend Mexican interests on the border line, and his course was approved and commended by Minis- ter Romero at "Washington. During the Apache Indian troubles and the difiereiices between him- self and General Crook, the consul was a vigor- ous defender of Mexican interests, and the Mex- ican minister at "Washington sustained him in the position he had taken and extended him his entire approval. In July, 1886, he was se- lected for promotion to the consulship of his government to Los Angeles, and has taken an advanced position and an active interest in pro- moting the commercial interests between Mex- ico and Southern California, using his influence and efforts in behalf of the international interests of both countries. He still holds his commis- sion as Colonel in the Mexican army. Seiiior Prieto is working now to establish a steamship line to do business between the ports of San Pedro and San Diego, California, and the Mex- ican ports on the Pacific Coast. He is also in- terested in assisting the agricultural and mineral development of Mexico at several points, being connected with several large companies having that object in view. Mr. Prieto was united in marriage, February 20, 1884, with Miss Guad- eliipe Sanchez Tirado, of Mexico. She is a daugh- ter of Manuel R. Sanchez, a lawyer of promi- nence, now living with his daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Prieto have one daughter, Amanda, four and a half years old. tOUIS PHILLIPS.— Prominent among the pioneers of Los Angeles County and the early settlers of the San Jose Valley is the above-named gentleman, wh(j has for nearly two-score years been identified with the indus- tries of the county. Mr. Phillips was born in 1831, in Germany, where he was reared and ed- ucated until 1848, when he emigrated to the United States. Locating in Louisiana, he de- voted his attention to ?nercantile pursuits until 1850. In that year he came to California and HISTORY OF LOS ANO ISLES COUNTY. established himself in business, opening a store on Long Wliarf in the City of San Francisco. The next year he came to Los Angeles County and entered into mercantile pursuits in Los Angeles. In 1853 he purchased a ranch east of that city, on the San Gabriel River, and for the next ten years engaged in fanning and stock- raising in addition to his other enterprises. In 1863 Mr. Piiillips came to Spadra, and in 1866 purchased the San Jose Ranch, containing 12,- 000 acres of some of tiie best land iu San Jose Valley. He then entered largely into stock- growing and general farming, which he has since continued. As the settlement of the county increased, he sold portions of his estate. At this writing (in 1889), he is the owner of a magnifi- cent ranch of 6,000 acres, nearly all under a high state of cultivation, producing rich harvests of hay and grain and affording pasturage for his herds of horses, cattle and sheep. He was one of the first to engage in the breeding of im- proved stock in the county; and for years has devoted much time and money toward placing the raising of fine stock among the paying in- dustries of the county. The homestead portion of his ranch is located at Spadra, and there he has entered into fruit and vine cultivation, hav- ing forty acres of vineyard devoted to wine grapes, and fifteen acres to French prunes. His family orchard is a model, containing a large variety of citrus and deciduous fruits. He has forty iuchas of water available for irrigation purposes, which he has utilized for fish culture, having two large ponds well stocked with carp and cat fish. The improvements are first-class. His two-story brick residence has been fitted and furnished with all the conveniences that characterize a well-ordered modern home, while comtnodious barns and out-buildings meet the requiiements of his farming operations. The whole is surrounded with shade and ornamental trees and well-ordered grounds. Mr. Phillips is a large owner of business and residence prop- erty in the city of Los Angeles, owning three large business blocks. He has been largely iden- tified with the wonderful growth and prosperity of that city, as he has also that of the neighbor- ing city of Pomona. He is well known through- out the county as an energetic and })rogressive citizen, and a shrewd business man, and it is to those qualities, combined with his wonderful foresight, that he owes his success in life. Polit- ically be is a Democrat, and, though not an ofiice-seeker, his inflaence is felt in the ranks of his party. In 1866 he was appointed postmas- ter at Spadra, upon the establishment of that office. He is a charter member of Pomona Lodge, No. 246, L 0.0. F. In 1868 Mr. Phil- lips married Miss Esther Blake, a native of Illi- nois. They have four children living, viz.: Belle, who married Frank George, now residing in Northern California; Charles B., Louis and George, who are members of their father's house- hold. fOSEPH EDWARD PLEASANTS was born near St. Charles, Missouri, March 30, 1836. His father, James Madison Pleasants, who still lives at Pleasant Valley, Solano Count}', and after whom the valley is named, is a native of Kentucky. His mother's name was Mason; she died in 1848. Both parents were of English ancestry. The father and two sons caine»to Cal- ifornia in 1849, by way of Goose Lake, entering the Sacramento Valley at Redding, with a com- pany of 120 persons, one-fourth of whom died on the way from cholera. Edward was the youngest of the party. He and his father and older brother mined on Feather River eighteen months; then came to what is now Solano County and, on the advice of John Wolfskill, settled at Pleasants Valley in 1851. Bear, deer and antelope were very plentj' there then, as also were California lions. Eleven bears were counted by the Pleasants at one time. Ed- ward worked with his father till June, 1856, when he came to Los Angeles to attend the pri- vate school of William Wolfskill, living mean- while in Mr. Wolfskin's family, till the last of 1858. He tlieii went to the raiiclio •' i>ymas de lIISTOSr OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Santiago," then owned by Mr. Wolfskill, tp take charge of horses and cattle, on shares. He has made his home in. the Santiago Canon ever since. Jn 18(31 Pleasants and William C. War- ren, then city marshal of Los Angeles, and the sherift' of San Bernardino County, started after a large band of horses which had been stolen and taken through the Cajon Pass out on Mo- jave River. Near Pock Creek they found the camp of the horse-thieves and captured two of them, who were afterward convicted and sent to •the penitentiary from San Bernardino County; a third one escaped. A year or two after, he was apprehended for killing John Sanford, and brought to Los Angeles and tried and convicted by the court, and hung by the people on a cross- beam of a corral gate-way, where Lawyer's Block now stands. He gave his name as Charles Wil- kins, and according to his own confession he had been with the Mormons in the Mountain Meadow Massacre, and had first and last killed many men, and was a desperado and fiend of the blackest dye. Pleasants' party recovered about forty animals, twenty-six head of which belonged to Workman and Rowland, of La Puente, and some to Mr. Temple. These rancheros sub- scribed each $100 to fit out the pursuing party. In 18G2 Mr. Pleasants was shot by horse-thieves in one^jf iiis own corrals in the Santiago Canon, where he found three of them stealing horses. One of the. gang, Bonillo by name, under pre- tense of being friendly, approached Pleasants as'he entered the corral on horseback, as if to shake hands, and suddenly drew his pistol; Pleasants threw np his arm, knocking away the pistol. This sliot, however, disabled Mr. Pleas- ants' right hand, and he comrpenced shooting with his left hand, wounding Bonillo, who, wheu all his six shots were fired, ran. Every one of these shots hit Mr. Pleasants, his saddle or his horse. Three of them hit Mr. Pleasants, who only fired five shots (all with his left hand), which were all he had, as he had jjreviously fired off one; but the robber supposed that Mr. Pleasants had one shot still in reserve, and as his cuujpanions had made ofi' at the conunence- ment of the melee, he fled too. And thus Mr. Pleasants, in a left-handed fight of one against three, remained master of the field and of his own corral. Cattle and hoi-se thieves long ago concluded that Santiago Canon was an un- healthy locality for their vocation; and now it is one of the most peaceful and quiet, as it is one of the most picturesque mountain valleys in Southern California. Mr. Pleasants has had much success in raising Cashmere goats, of which he has now about 1,000 head. They are easily raised and can live wherever a common goat can. He has also engaged in bee culture successfully, and cattle- raising. He made a veiy creditable exhibit of bees and honey, for which he received the gold medal at the New Orleans Exposition. July 15, 1868, Mr. Pleas- ants married Miss Mary Refugio Carpenter, who died in this city, January 26, 1888. A sister of Mr. Pleasants, Mrs. W. S. Reavis, is a resident of Los Angeles. fW. PESCHKE, capitalist, 308 Macy street, Los Angeles, is a native of Saxony, born ® September 18, 1826. He attended school during boyhood, grew up in his native country and was at Frankfort-on-the-Main during the Revolution. Having determined to emigrate to America, he sailed from Antwerp, September 25, 1846, on the ship Lady Arabella, of Boston, and arrived in New York about the 31st of Novein- lier. Having an old friend in Pennsylvania, the only acquaintance he had in this country, he wrote to him and received an immediate reply, urging Mr. Peschke to visit him. He accepted the invitation and spent the winter there, after which he went to New Bedford and remained until 1851. In the meantime his brothers came to this country and located in Cincinnati and near there. He visited them, and, after travel- ing about for some time, went to Boston, where he spent the winter. In April, 1852, he sailed for California and reached San Francisco in May. The ship carried 1,100 passengers from nrsroRY op los anoeles county. Panama and came near being shipwrecked on the rocks off Monterey. After reaching San Francisco he went to the mines for a time, but, not meeting with success, returned to San Fran- cisco and Sacramento. In the latter place he opened Cohimbus Hall, in October, and the fol- lowing mouth tlie great fire did not burn him out, but in moving he lost all he had. After a short time lie went up to Shasta and Weaver- viile, in 1854, and opened tlie Union Hotel. He remained there until 1857, tiien sold out and went to Trinity River, bought water privilege and mines and built flumes, doing a good busi- ness, but losing everything by the great floods in November, 1861. The following year he visited Portland and thence to Victoria, West- minster, up to Carriboo, British Columbia; pros- pected there, but money gave out. Provisions were scarce; flour sold for $1.75 per pound; bacon, $ 1.50 par pound. In company with an old partner, left Williamsfork, traveling on foot through the Indian country; came out at old Fort Collville, on tlie Columbia River; tlience over Spokane, Pelura, up Snake River to Lewistown, thence to Walla Walla, and per steamer to Dallas and Portland. Oregon. In the spring of 1863 went up to Idaho (Boise mines), made a little money, and in 1864, in the fall, left there on horse- back over Burnt River, John Day River, Dal- las, Mount Hood to Portland, and per steamer Pacific to San Francisco. Went into business, but without luck. Early in the spring of 1865 he tooksteamer to Wilmington and passed through Los Angeles on his way to Arizona, but, on account of the Indians, did not remain, and re- turned here and sought employment ; was clerk for Mr. Mateo Keller for six years; afterward opened a store on Aliso street and carried on mercantile business until 1877, when he sold out and re- tired from active business, and bought the prop- erty where he uow lives. In 1876 he took a trip to Europe, spent a year in traveling, and since his return has given his attention to look- ing after his valuable real-estate interests at the corner of Macy street and Aliso road and elsewhere. In January, 1879, Mr. Peschke married Miss Emelia Burkhardt, a native of Baden, Germany. Tliey have two children: Frederick William and Julia A. tNDREW WILSON POTTS, at present one of the bank commissioners of Califor- nia, has been a citizen of Los Angeles County for nearly thirty years. He is a native of Bedford, Pennsylvania, born March 3, 1831. In 1846 he went to Dubu(|ue, Iowa, where he remained nntil 1849, when he set out on the overland journey for California, arriving at Hangtown, then, now Placerville. He stayed there a few months, and tlien went to Nevada and Sierra counties, where he followed mining seven years. He was then deputy county clerk of Sierra County for live or six years. In 1859 he went to Washoe, and in 1861 came to Los Angeles. He was in the employ of Tomlinsou & Co., forwarding and shipping merchants at San Pedro, till 1863, when he entered the em- ployment of Banning & Co., at Wilmington. On the completion of the Los Angeles & San Pedro Railroad, by H. B. Tichenor, he became the agent of the road at Los Angeles, where he remained till 1869, at which time he was elected clerk of Los Angeles County, which office he filled acceptably to the people for fourteen ypars. In 1884 he bought the old Ramirez place at Highland Park, between Los Angeles and Pasa- dena, and built a beautiful home, where his family now reside. Mr. Potts was appointed bank commissioner by Governor Stoneman in 1886, the duties of which office take him all over the State. In 1861 Mr. Potts married Miss Sherrard, by whom he has four ciiildren: One son, Fred VV., and three daughters, Florence, Meta and Aileen. "Wilson" Potts is not only a thoroughly trained accountant and business man, but he is also one of the most genial of men. He is one of those rare officials who hold tiiat a pulilic officer is a servant and not a ruler of tiie people; and w!io believe that the people, even the humblest, who may have legiti- Ul STORY OF LOa AN OB LEU COUNTY. mate business with an officer, are uniformly and always entitled to be treated witii courtesy, and that their proper business with any public ofKcer thereby becomes essentially public business; and therefore that it becomes strictly the function and duty of the incumbent of such office, in every reasonable way, to facilitate the same as public business. No matter how complicated or vexatious the duties of any office Mr. Potts has held may have been, it is believed that no reasonable, or even half reasonable, request for information oi- assistance, pertaining to the duties of his office, ever met with rebuff or was ever treated otherwise by him than with the most patient courtesy. It is this fact, coupled with his thorough efficiency and tidelity in every position, that explains why he has been so popular, and why he was called upon to fill the office of clerk of the growing and important county of Los Angeles for fourteen years. He makes friends wherever he goes. His term as bank commissioner expires in 1890. l^ON. GEORGE K. PORTER is a pioneer 'f^ in the full acceptance and California mean- ^If ing of the word. He came here in the year of the Argonauts, and since that time he has in fact been persistent in industry. As success came to him with passing years it brought out all the best qualities of the man. Generous, candid in speech and action had he been before, but with greater scope and wider knowledge of men, these qualities came more into play. He is thus the reverse of not a few, and success had a different eftect on him from its effect on many who, the more they succeed, the more does self become prominent. In 1849 the subject of this sketch left his home in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, to seek a fortune in the far West. He was then a youth of sixteen, and a son of Dr. John Porter. As far back as 1864 Mr. Porter went into tlio tanning business in Santa Cruz County. He also engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes, which he carried on in connection with the tannery for a period of tweiity-five years. Not only was he successful in business here, but he was honored by the people in being chosen on the Republican ticket as Senator from Santa Cruz County, and in this capacity he served during 1861-'62 and 1862-'63. In 1876 George K. and B. F. Porter and Charles Maclay bought 56,000 acres of land, embracing the old Spanish Mission in the beautiful and fertile San Fernando Valley. On this vast ranch they have raised wheat, barley, horses, cattle and hogs. The ranch was subsequently divided, and our subject took the central part. Reserving 2,000 acres for himself, he has since sold his interest to the Porter Land and Water Company. On this ranch, one mile west of San Fernando, they have erected a fine hotel, at a cost of $40,000. The structure is three stories high, and is known as the Mission Hotel. It has about sixty rooms, with all modern improvements, and it would be a credit to any city. Mr. Porter is the local manager of the Mission Ranch, having entire charge of the vast interests connected with it, and in which he is the principal stockholder. He also has other and important interests in other parts of the State, and in San Francisco, where he is a member of the firm of Porter & Sessinger, manufacturers and wholesale dealers and importers of boots and shoes. Mr. Porter's record as the leading business man in the north- ern part of Los Angeles County is well known to all business men through this and other coun- ties of the State. He married Miss Kate A. Caystile, in Los Angeles, and has two children: George K. Porter, Jv., and Estelle C. Porter. fH. PERKINS, contractor, Grand avenue and Washington street, Los Angeles, is a ® native of New York State, born February 19, 1850. He attended school during boyhood and served an apprenticeship to the trade of carpenter and joiner. After reaching manhood he went to St. Louis and was successfully en- UI STORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. gagod in building in that city tifteen years. He came to Los Angeles in 1887, worked at his trade, and the following year engaged in con- tracting and has taken contracts for a number of fine residences. Among them are the resi- dences of A. P. Phillips, Angelino Heights; J. H. Claudius, Ellis avenue; A. L. AVright, IJon- sallo avenue; and residences on Flower street and Orange avenue; also the Newell Block, for H. T. Newell. He has had a large e.\perience as a responsible contractor and builder. Mr. Perkins was married June 29, 1873, to Miss Sara Zonville, of Rochester, New York. They have five children: Nellie V., Benjamin G., Ada May, Li Hie and Sara. WILLIAM H. PAYNE is the senior member of the mercantile firm of W PL Payne & Co., of Duarte. The firm was established October 1, 1888, comprising the subject of this sketch, and Messrs. A. J. Beatty and R. L. G. Wright, and at that time entered into a general mercantile business upon the corner of Highland and Duarte avenues. They also have a branch establishment near the Duarte railroad depot, called the depot store. Their establishments are the only stores in Duarte, and are thoroughly equipped, carrying a complete and well-assorted stock of dry -goods, groceries, hardware, crockery, clothing and agri- cultural implements. The postoftice, with A. J. Beatty as postmaster, is located in their store. Mr. Payne is an energetic young man, well schooled in mercantile and other business pur- suits. He is a native of England, dating his birth at Brighton, in 1857. His father was a clergyman of the Episcopal Church, who gave to his sou the advantages of a good education in the higher schools of that city. In 1884 he came to California, and located at Lancaster, Los Angeles County, where he entered the em- ploy of the Atlantic and Pacific Fiber Company, in their paper inanufaetory, as the manager of one of the departments of their works. He remained in the employ of that company for about three years, or until 1887, when he came to Duarte and established the depot store, which he successfully conducted until he entered into his present partner^iip- Mr. Payne has real- estate interests in Duarte, and is thoroughly identified with its best interests. Progressive and public-spirited in action, he is a supporter of such enterprises as tend to build up his sec- tion. His consistent course of life and honorable dealing have gained him the esteem of the com- munity. fROFESSOR M. M. PARKER, President of the Pasadena City Council, and Princi- pal of the Pasadena Academy, was born in Franklin County, Maine, November 27, 1849; educated at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, and also at the Wesleyan University at Middletown, Connecticut, where he graduated in 1875. Soon afterward he became principal of the Glastonbury (Connecticut) Academy, where he established a reputation in his profession that caused boards of education elsewhere to apply for his services as teacher. Removing to the eastern part of the State of Massachusetts in 1878, he was en gaged in his profession as teacher there until near the close of 1882, when he removed to Pasadena. Though in feeble health at that time, he took a lively interest in the welfare of the, colony, and made a careful study of the social, educational and economic problems that arose in that grow- ing and ambitious community. To this study, as well as to his native talent, is due the sagacity he has exhibited in his public career. He has been signally efficient in giving direction to municipal policy and local enterprise. This management has of course tended toward the healthy development of the city. Such devel- opment is attended with neither penuriousness on the one hand, nor extravagance on the other, for either of these retards the wheels of progress. He is one of those who have contrilnited most in making Pasadena what she is to day — a HItiTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. beautiful, thrifty, orderly city. A thorough believer in American ideas in regard to the right of the majority to rule in civil affairs, he has sought to carry out the expressed wish of the people that saloons sho^jld be excluded from tiie city, as also the wishes of tiie community in all that ])ertaius to its welfare. As an evi- dence of the confidence which is placed in him, it may be stated that, after serving one full term, he was re-elected at the last municipal election, receiving virtually the entire vote cast. But the most valuable service which Mr. Parker has rendered, fur which he is likely to be longest remembered, is the establishment of the academy. Early discerning the need of tlie community for an institution of learning to supplement the public schools, he resolved to found an academy as a preparatory school for college. Accord- ingly, he opened sucli a school in 1886, which has ever since been in successful operation, although many obstacles have been encountered. With its departments well defined, with compe- tent teaciiers, and with an earnest and diligent body of students, the academy is second to none in the essentials of a firbt-ciass preparatory school. — ~-v^++^^-- — fRANK A. PATTEE.— Among the leading drug firms of which mention is made in this work perhaps none are more worthy of recognition than the prescription drug store of Lockett & Pattee, corner of Second and Fort streets, Los Angeles. These gentlemen opened business September 15, 1888, with a fresh and carefully selected stock of drugs, chemicals, toilet articles and optical goods. . The fact that they started free from indebtedness, and still discount all bills; the location of their store on one of the principal corners of the city; their geniality and fair dealing with the people, and exceptional adaptation to each other for business purposes, has won them a good trade from the start, and argues well for the future. Mr. S. W. Lockett, son of William M. Lockett, of Hen- derson, Kentucky, was born in the same place August 31, 1853. Li 1871 he conducted a large insurance agency at Springfield, Missouri, going from this place to Lee's Summit, Missouri, where he acted as teller in the banking firm of A. IL Powell & Son. Afterward purchasing a farm near Springfield, Missouri, he went into the stock business, following up tills venture with the crockery and queensware business, under the firm name of Lockett & Eckelberry. Sub- sequently, after dealing considerably in Kansas lands, he, in company witii others, founded the prosperous town of Minneapolis, Colorado. In October, 1888, he purchased a place in Los Angeles, having decided to make the latter city his permanent home. Mr. Frank A. Pattee is the son of Eev. C. R. Pattee, D. D., and Mrs. II. E. (McLean) Pattee, of this city, and recently from Topeka, Kansas. Mr. Pattee was born in the Alleghany Mountains, of Northwestern Pennsylvania, July 5, 1859. He was educated at Lawrence University, Wisconsin. After his collegiate course, he and his younger brother traveled by horse through the States, writing up and sketching the country. This trip finally landed them in Kansas, where Mr. Pattee's edu- cation and natural turn of mind settled him in the drug business. In this he rapidly rose, went into business as a registered pharmacist in the capital of that State, and on the 22d of November, 1886, came to Los Angeles, highly endorsed by all the leading physicians of Topeka, his former home. Choosing first to go into the employ of several leading druggists of Los Angeles, he succeeded in winning their highest testimonials for reliability in every department, and in finally establishing their present business, as compounding chemist of the firm. fAMES PEDGKIFT, capitalist, Los Ange- les, is a native of England, and was born January 6, 1842. lie attended school and served an apprenticeship to the trade of plas- terer in his native country, lie came to the HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. United States in 1873; went to Chicago, where he worked at his trade six years, and then, in 1879, located in Leadville, Colorado. He re- mained tliere two years and a half, doing the principal part of the work in plastering, and employing a large number of men in the build- ing up of that mining camp during the gold excitement. He next went to Denver. On acconnt of the ill health of his wife, she came to Los Angeles and Mr. Pedgrift went to Salt Lake City to perform a contract made while he was in Denver. From there he, too, came to Southern California, intending to return to Salt Lake City, but was so favorably impressed with Los Angeles that he decided to make it his per- manent home, although doing so at a great dis- advantage at that time. Being a thorough, practical workman in all the details of his trade, and having a large experience, he secured at once a good standing among the most responsi- ble contractors and architects, and for the past live years has cairied on a large and successful business. He has been successful in his invest- ments and owns two small tracts close to the center of the city, also considerable property in the choicest residence part. Mr. Pedgrift was married February 10, 1861, to Miss Ann Skin- ner, a native of England. They have one daughter, Ada, now Mrs. A. E. Fisher, residing in this city. f^^lLLIAM PRIDHAM, Superintendent ®l| of the Los Angeles district for Wells, l^y^ Fargo & Co.'s Express, has been con- nected with the company since back in the '50s, and is one of the oldest men in its_ employ in this country. His first experience was in carry- ing letters on the back of a mustang in the Overland Pony Express, between Jacobsville (now Austin) and Smith's Creek, in Nevada Territory. Then all package express matter was transported between the Eastern States and Pa- cific Coast by steamers via the Isthmus of Panama, hi ISdl he began oliice work in Aus- tin, Nevada, and was assistant agent there and in Sacramento, California, for several years. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1851 and was express messenger for the company on board of Pacific mail steamers running between San Francisco and San Diego, stojjping at Santa Barbara. In August, 1868, he was assigned to duty in Los Angeles, as agent, and has repre- sented the company's interests here continuously for twenty-one years. During those early days, when the company's heavy freight was carried by steamers, there was established and running a line of stages from San Francisco down the coast to old San Diego, by the way of San Jose, San Luis Obispo and Los Angeles, the latter be- ing tlie terminus of two divisions and headquar- ters where horses, stages and supplies were kept. The express and freight to and from Los Angeles was conveyed by teams between the Angel City and San Pedro Harbor. During his more than a third of a century of association with it, Mr. Pridliam has seen the business of this now gigantic corporation growing from infancy to its present vast proportions. When he took charge of the office in Los Angeles he, with the assistance of one boy, did the entire work of the company at this point. Now the business in the city gives employment to forty-three men and eighteen horses; and on the trains running in and out of the city over the various railroads, fifty messengers are employed. The company owns the two-story brick stable in which its horses are kept, with all the equipments, vehi- cles, etc. The spacious ofiices of the company are situated in the Baker Block, on North Main street. Until 1886 Mr. Pridham had charge of the local office, as agent. In that year he was appointed assistant superintendent, in charge of the Los Angeles district, comprising the counties of Los Angeles, San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Kern and San Bernardino, which position he still fills with ujarked ability and good acceptance to the great corporation he has so faithfully served for more than a third of a century. The variety as w-ell as the volume of the Wells, Fari^o ifc Co.'s luisincss has grown HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTT. to be of such a complex and coinpreliensive character that it embraces the transportation of every kind and description of freight to and from any point in the civilized world; the pur- chase and delivery of goods; the recording and execution of papers for the transfer of real estate; the payment of taxes, etc., on same; the receiving and forwarding of goods in bond to the consignee; the transmission of money by telegraph, etc. As an example of the business methods of this great public carrier, the follow- ing is in point: Rev. C. F. Loop, of Pomona, while traveling abroad, employed a distinguished artist of Florence, Italy, to sculpture a statue of Pomona in fine Italian marble, intending to pi'e- sent the image of the mythical goddess of fruits to the city which bears her name. Under the tarili" laws of the United States an article in- tended for a gift to the Government, a State or municipality is admitted into this country duty free. On receiving notification, after his return home, that the beautiful piece of art was ready for shipment, Mr. Loop was puzzled to know just how to proceed to have his treasure brought from Florence to Pomona, California. He con- sulted with Mr. Pridham in regard to it, who told Mr. Loop to hand him all the papers and correspondence concerning the ordering of and purpose for which the statue was to be made, including communications which had passed be- tween Mr. Loop and the American consul at Florence, and informed the reverend gentleman that he, Pridham, would forward the same to the Wells, Fargo & Co.'s agent in New York, and that the company would take entire charge of the shipment of the two-ton statue and deliver it in perfect order in the city of Pomona, all of which was faithfully carried out, including the necessary negotiations with the Government to secure its admission duty free. Mr. Pridham is a native of New York, the same State in which both Wells and Fargo were born. lie is fifty- two years of age, and his whole business life has been passed in the employ of the sterling company he represents. In 1880 he married Miss Wheeler, dautrhter of Colonel John O. Wheeler, one of the oldest living pioneers, who left his New England home and came to Cali- fornia in 1850 or 1851. fllOMAS PASCOE, proprietor of the pop- ular Hotel Lincoln, is a hotel man by both nature and education, for successful hotel proprietors, like poets, are born, not made. This natural adaptation developed by twenty- three years' experience as a caterer and proprie- tor of public hostleries, has made him one of the most successful hotel men on the Pacific Coast. Mr. Pascoe is an Englishman by birth, and began active life on board a man- of- war in the British navy. He there had years of train- ing as a caterer in the position of chief steward. After leaving the navy and settling in the United States, he selected the hotel business as congenial to his taste, and conducted sucess- ively and successfully several prominent hotels in as many different towns and cities during the following decade, among them the Pascoe House in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the Grand Hotel at Ukiah, in Mendocino County, Califor- nia. He moved to Los Angeles in 1883, and when the completion of the trans-continental railroad to the city, a year or two later, had given an impetus to its business and growth, the Clifton House was built on North Fourth street, with the understanding that Mr. Pascoe was to lease and carry it on. It was completed and ready for occupancy in February, 1886, when the new proprietor christened and opened it, it being then the largest family hotel in the city. His lease expired March 1, 1889, and he de- clined to re-!ease it, expecting to retire from the hotel business, but being solicited by the owner and friends to take the Hotel Lincoln, he con- sented to do so, and opened it for guests on March 1, 1889, taking all of the patrons of the Clifton with him. He is ably assisted by his wife, who is thoroughly acquainted with all the details of a hotel, and has the peculiar charm of making all their guests feel at home, which U I STORY OF LOS ANOmLES COUNTY. has added greatly to the popularity of the hotels they have conducted. The Hotel Lincoln is situated on Hill street, just sonth of Second, and is a large, sightly, three-story and basement structure of handsome architectural appearance, finished in modern style and furnished with the latest improved appliances and conveniences, the entire construction -and arrangement admirably adapting it for a first-class family hotel. Its seventy cotnmodious, light and airy guest rooms are chiefly arranged in suites, with bay windows looking out upon flower-embowered homes and the bnsy streets of the city below, or upon the rock-ribbed, enow-crowned mountains in the distance. The view from the balconies at the Iront of the hotel is rarely equaled for pictur- esque beauty. The dining room and parlors on the first floor are spacious, richly furnished and inviting; the hails and stairways are broad and cozy, and the entire building is the embody- ment of home-like comfort. Under Mr. Pas- coe's judicious management the Hotel Lincoln is one of the most attractive and restful resorts for the tourist sojourner to be found in South- ern California. fACOB PHILIPPI, capitalist, corner of Euena Vista and Rock streets, is a native of Gennany, and was born at Merzlich Kar- taus, on the River Mossel, near the old Roman city of Trier, in tlie Rhine Province of Prussia, October 20, 1836. He emigrated to America when only si.xteen years of age, spent one winter in Cincinnati and then went to St. Louis, after which lie ran on steamboats between there and New Orleans. He was for a time in the employ of the Government at Leavenworth, Kansas. In 1855 he hired out to Waddell &, Russell, the great transportation company, to drive team, his first tri-p being made to New Me.xieo. Dur- ing the same fall he acted in a like capacity for General Harney, during the uprising of the Sioux Indians, and was at Ash Hollow, where the battle with them occurred, where there was such a great slaughter, several hundred Indians being killed. In 1857 he went on the Govern- ment surveying expedition, under General Joe Johnson, running the south line of the State of Kansas. In the spring of 1858 he was with the train that went to Salt Lake to convey relief to the soldiers at Fort Bridger, under command of General Sydney Johnson. After reaching there the troops were removed to Salt Lake. Over 800 teams were employed, and the command established the military post, Camp Floyd. During the fall of the same year, fifteen of them started from Salt Lake with mnle teams, for Southern California. The mules gave out and the party were compelled to walk from Camp Floyd to Los Angeles. They were disturbed by the Indians, who stole their provisions, and in consequence they suffered for want of food. They reached Los Angeles in November, 1858. Upon his arrival here, Mr. Philippi went up to San J'ranoisco. After prospecting for a time in the mines, he went to Stockton and Napa City, California, and the following year returned to Los Angeles, where he was in the employ of the Government, while General Hancock was in command, until 1861. Then he worked for General Banning as teamster. In the fall of 1862 he started a grocery, and after running it for a time, and not being successful, he again went to work for General Banning. He after- ward rented the New York Brewery and was successful, but had to give up that enterprise on account of sickness, and again went to work for General Banning. In November, 1864, he bought a saloon at the corner of Market and Main streets, and carried on the business there and in that block and at the People's Hall on Market street for eighteen years. In 1882 he sold out and made an extended visit through the Eastern States and old Mexico. After his return the following year, he established " Tlie Gardens," at Buena Vista, and made extensive improvements; but on account of ill health sold the place to Mrs. Banning. Since then he has not been engaged in active business. Mr. Piiilippi was married October 2B, 1860, to Miss Wil- HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. helmina Burkhardt, a native of the city of Tiibingen, Wlirtemberg, Germany. Tliey have had two children. Both are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Philippi have a very attractive home, sit- uated on one of tlie finest locations in Los An- geles. — '^■m-^ — fOHN F. POWELL was born in Galway, Ireland, December 17, 1839, and is tlie oldest son of Mathias and Delia (Burk) Powell, both natives of the Emerald Isle. They came to America when the subject of this sketch was only fifteen months old, and located in Chariestown, Massachusetts, where John F. Powell was reared under the shadow of Bunker Plill Monument. The father followed fishing, and died in 1882, at the age of eighty-two years. The mother is still living with her daughter, Maria C, and wife of Thomas F. Meade. John F. Powell went to the Winthrop school at Chariestown until he arrived at the age of fifteen, and his old school-master, Mr. Griffin, who was considerable of a dramatic critic, seeing that his young pupil showed an extraordinary talent for the stage, obtained for him passes to tiie Boston Museum and National Theatre so as to enable him to prepare himself for the school exhibitions. He became a favorite with the leading actors, among whom was Edwin For- rest, the great tragedian, and a particular friend of young Powell's school-master, .Mr. Grifiin, and through whose influence Powell became a pupil of Mr. Forrest, and studied for the stage for several months and took some of the lead- ing characters in the dramatic entertainments given by the " Booth Dramatic Association," the " Hamilton Institute," and the " Fenelon Association." When Mr. Forrest was leaving Boston he wanted to take young Powell vvith hiin and give him a thorougli education for the stage, but the boy's mother objected, and that proposition for his future fell through. When a little more than sixteen years of age he went to serve an apprenticeship to Charles Brooks, to learn the plasterer's trade, and worked at it but very little after his apprenticeship expired. In July, 1859, he enlisted in the navy on lioard of the fastest war vessel in the navy, the United States sloop of war Constellation, twenty-two guns, and ordered to the African squadron as flag-ship to aid in suppressing slavery. During her cruise on the west coastof Africa, the sub- ject of our sketch aided in capturing several slavers, among which was the barque Cora, of New York, having on board at the time of the capture 705 negroes. In October, 1861, six months after the war broke out, he returned home to Bunker Hill, and afterward enlisted in the Fifth Massachusetts Infantry, and served mostly in North Carolina, in the First Division of the Eighteenth Army Corps, which was com- prised mostly of Massachusetts troops, and fight- ing South Carolina troops, which comprised the Confederate forces in North Carolina. He par- ticipated in all the battles fought by his regi- ment, among which were the battles of Kinston, Whitehall, Goldsboro, Gum-swamp, Deep Gully, Rainbow Bluff, Blounts Creek, and the siege of Little Washington, and the assault on Newbern by A. P. Hill and Longstreet, March 14, 1803, and others. He was mustered out in July, 1864, at Camp Wenham, Massachusetts, and in 1866 entered the regular army, and was sent to California in charge of a company of recruits from David's Island, New York Harbor, and was assigned to the Second United States Artil- lery; arrived in San Francisco in April, 1867, and soon after was placed in command of Goat Island for a period of five months, and by order of General Halleck he was subsequently sent to Sacramento to open recruiting service for the regular army. Here he received orders to open a branch ofiice at Marysville, California, and he returned to his battery after one year's recruit- ing service, and was discharged from the army in December, 1869. Four days later he set out for Los Angeles to join his brother, M. A. Powell, whom he accompanied to Big Rock Creek, where they had a large ranch, and where they made a treaty with the Indians, who were HISTORY OP LOS ANOELES COUNTY. hostile at the time, after one year living among them, and they (the Indians) were good friends to the Powell brothers ever after that; and, by so doing, the brothers were the means of making that section of the country safe for emigrants and people having business between Los An- geles, San Bernardino, and the upper country. After three years' time he sold out and moved witii his brother to the Castec, and there gave his attention to sheep-raising. While there he was elected recorder of the Polomas mining district, and in 1875 he was elected justice of the peace of Soledad Township, and in 1877 was re-elected to the same otfice. In 1879 he was united in marriage to Miss Dora A. Lake, of Jamestown, New York, a daughter of N. S. and Carrie L (Hatch) Lake, both natives of the Empire State. Mrs. Powell's grandfather, Do- rastus B. Platch, was an Englishman by birth, and one of the patriot soldiers under George Wiisliington in the Eevolutionary war. Her father, Judge Lake, moved to Santa Clara, Cali- fornia, November 28, 1867, and died in Pomona, California, April 19, 1875. He was a member of the L O. O. R, and was liighly respected by all who knew liim. Her mother died at New- hall, California, September 16, 1885, and was a woman vvha was ever ready to assist the sick or needy, and was loved by every one where she lived. In October, 1879, Mr. Powell was sent out to Resting Springs as manager of the Cerro Gordo Freighting Company's store, and after a period of eighteen months he came back to Newhall. Mr. and Mrs. Powell have three children, one girl and two boys. The girl, Florence M., is nine years old. The boys, Fran- cis M. and Alfred C, are aged respectively six and four years. Mr. Powell is interested in prop- erty in this county, among which are mining lands situated at and near the San Francisco Canon and other places. Politically he is a lleptiblican, and a member of the G. A. R., Stanton Post, No. 55, Los Angeles. Mrs. Powell is a member of the Stanton Woman's Relief Corps, No. 16, which is an auxiliary to the G. A. R. As a soldier Mr. Powell has a record of which he may be proud ; and as a citi- zen, he is loyal, patriotic, and enterprising, having some good stanch friends. -3WS- fM. PECK, a thriving and prosperous tiller of the soil on farm lots Nos. 6 and ® 7, range 4, of the Temple and Gibson tract of the San Pedro Ranch, is in the cor- porate limits of the city of Compton. He came to the county in 1867, and hence is one of the very first settlers of this beautiful place. He is a native of the Buckeye State, born No- vember 23, 1821, and is a son of Horace R. and Mary (Johnson) Peck, natives respectively of the States of New York and Virginia, and both of English origin. The father was a soldier in the war of 1812 for two years. He was a farmer by occupation all his life, and died there in April, 1846. The mother died in December, 1854. They had a large family, in all fourteen children, eleven of whom lived to be grown and ten are still living. At the age of twenty-one years Mr. Peck bought a farm in Ohio, and for several years carried on the dairy business. His partner in the business left him with a debt of several thousand dollars on his shoulders. Going to Pennsylvania and engaging in mining for several years Mr. Peck made money enough to pay off the indebtedness in Ohio, which he did. He had been educated at the common schools of his native county and also attended the academy at Farmington, Ohio, and at Kint- land. In 1852, with very little money but plenty of grit, he set out for California, coming from New York to San Francisco on steamer via South America. Mr. Peck has been very successful and is a man of great energy. He is an earnest Christian, and has been an exhorter and local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has held all the different offices of the church. While in the mining regions he or- ganized and superintended three different Sun- day-scliools. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic fraternity and also of the I. O. O. F. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. After coming to California Mr. Peck was for fifteen years engaged in mining, and subse- quently he became interested in sheep-raising and fai'ming. He owns eighty acres of very fine land in and near the village of Compton, and twenty-five acres in Aznsa, which yields him very handsome returns in the way of fruit and vegetables. Mr. Peck is now well along on the shady side of life, and has chosen to fight its battles alone, having never been married. He was in the service of his country during the "late unpleasantness." He entered the army early in the spring of 1864 and belonged to the Eeserve Corps of the Pacific Defense, but they were organized in State militia companies ready for work before being accepted in the United States service. "^ fG. REYNOLDS.^There is not in Los Angeles County, perhaps, a man more ® worthy the title of true pioneer than is he whose name stands at the head of this bio- graphical notice. He is one of the very first who came to the connty. When a boy twelve years of age he landed in this State, and knows full well all the hardships and privations of frontier life. But by thrift and economy and by co-opera- tion of his excellent wife he has made a home, and reared a large and intelligent family of children. Mr. Reynolds was born in Yalobusha County, Mississippi, May 29, 1834. His father, Simeon Reynolds, was of Irish extraction and was born in Rhode Island. He married Flo- rinda Sullivant, of Bedford County, Tennessee, and daughter of James Sullivant, whose ances- tors were Scotch. Mr. Reynolds is the fifth of a family of eight children. He attended the common schools of Coffeeville, Mississippi, when a boy. When he was eight years old his mother died and his father afterward married again. While yet a mere boy our subject went to Texas, and with Major Erskin joined a train for Cali- fornia, spending eight months in crossing the plains and driving 1,500 cattle. Twice they were attacked by Indians, and some of the work cattle were killed. After experiencing hardships and adventures incident to the overland trip they landed in California in November, 1854. For some time young Reynolds worked in the mines, and later purchased 160 acres of land in El Monte, which he farmed for three years. After this he was in the stock business five years. In 1865 he bought the farm where he has since lived. Where he beheld the mustard fifteen feet high, and where there was not the smallest switch of timber, the passer-by now beholds a comfortable farm residence, and productive fields, and orchards and vineyards laden with luscious fruits. Mr. Reynolds was married in this county, in 1865, to Miss Martha Thompson. Her parents were Samuel and Margaret (Mc- Kamy) Thompson, the father a native of Vir- ginia and the mother of Tennessee. They were pioneers of California, in 1852, and had a family of four children. The father died about seven years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds have eleven children: Flora, Robert, John, William, Oliver, Linnie M., Emma, Joseph B., Davis, Ralph, and George. Mr. Reynolds has held the office of deputy sheriff of Los Angeles County for ten years, and has also served in other public offices. He is a higiily respected citizen and has a cordial welcome for all, and is noted for that true hospitality which is characteristic of the Southern people generally. ^-^^ fB. QUESNEL, contractor and builder, Los Angeles, was born in St. Louis, Mis- * souri, January 13, 1854. His parents were J. P. and Rachel (Knight) Quesnel. The latter is a sister of Mr. Knight, of the firm of Fisk, Knight & Co., one of the largest and most prominent mercantile houses in St. Louis. Our subject spent his boyhood in Illinois, attended school there and learned the trade of his father, who was a ship-builder. In 1875 Mr. Quesnel came to California, located in San Buenaventura and remained there seven years. In 1882 he HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. caine to Los Angeles and engaged in building, taking contracts, and since then has successfully carried on the business here, enjoying a good jobbing trade. Mr. Quesnel was married De- cember 1, 1880, to Miss E. E. Miller, of Turner, Oregon. They iiave two children: Royal Otto and Howard "William. f|USTlN RUGGLES.— One of the best con- I ducted, systematically cultivated and most - productive farms in the famed San Gabriel Valley is that of the above-named gentleman. His comparatively small farm contains but eighty acres, located in the El Monte school district, within one mile of El Monte, and to the north of that town. The most important industry conducted by Mr. Ruggles is a dairy, comprising forty milch cows of selected Dur- ham stock. The products of his dairy, being first-class in every respect, command readj' sale at the highest market prices. He also pays considerable attention to raising hogs, keeping from twenty-five to thirty of the famous Essex breed upon his place. His acres, besides sup- porting the above-named stock, including six or eight horses, are producing hay, grain and corn. He has thirty acres of alfalfa that under his system of fertilizing produce marvelous crops. Acres of his land have produced over 100 bush- els of corn per acre, and it is not unusual for him to take a crop of grain from the land and then in the same year plant and harvest a crop of corn from the same land, showing its wonderful productive power under a proper cultivation and fertilizing. He is also the owner of fifty acres of land located a few miles south of his home place, wliich he devotes to pasturing his young stock. Mr. Ruggles has spent a life-time in agricultural pursuits. He was born in Hard- wick, Massachusetts, in 1819. His parents. Ad in and Cynthia (Snow) Ruggles, were natives of that State, and descendants from Aid families of the Massachusetts colony. From boyhood Mr. Ruggles was reared to farm life. In 1831 his parents moved to Tolland County, Connecti- cut, where his father died in 1836. His mother then took upon herself the care of the family, and after the death of her husband moved to Chautau(iua County, New York, and there lo- cated in the almost unbroken forests, and com- menced the clearing and cultivating of land. In this she was ably assisted by the subject of this sketch, who remained at home assisting in sup- porting his mother and the family nntil 1850, when, leaving his mother well provided for, he located at Carroll, in the same county, and en- gaged in farming upon his own account. In 1849 he married Miss Martha Fields, the daugh- ter of Governor William Fields, of Connecticut, one of the most prominent men of his day. Her mother was Martha Penney, also from an old prominent family of Connecticut. Mr. Rug- gles engaged in farming in New York until early in 1859, and then deciding to seek richer soils and less rigorous climate, started upon an overland trip to the Pacific Coast. Arriving at Jefferson City, Missouri, he fitted himself out with the typical ox teams and wended his way across plains and mountains to the Golden State. Upon his arrival in California he located in Placer County and for the next ten years en- gaged in farming, stock-raising and market gar- dening. In 1869 he moved to Monterey County and there conducted a dairy farm until 1874, when he came to Los Angeles County. His first enterprise upon his land was in sheep- raising and wool-growing; but this resulted disastrously^ and at the end of three years he found himself nearly $2,000 in debt, and no stock upon his place except one horse and one cow. Since that time his success has been sure and rapid, and he has secured a competency. No wild speculations have been indulged in, but an intelligent and thorough attention to well- conceived farm operations brought about this result. In these operations he is ably assisted by his only sou, "Willie Ruggles, who has an undivided interest in the successes of his father while assuming his full share of the cares and struggles by which they have been wrought. IIISTUUY OF WS ANGELES COUNTY. Mrs. Iliiggles died in Monterey County, in June, 1873. Mr. Riiggles is an esteemed citizen in his coninumity, and a credit to his calh'ng as a farmer. In political matters he is a stanch sujiporter of the llepiililican party. fllAUNCEY B. RELYEA, one of the well- known citizens of Sierra Madre, was born in Orange County. New York, in 1829. 14 is father, James Relyea, was a native of Ulster County, that State. He was of French descent, his forefathers being among the French Hugue- nots wlio sought refuge in this country. JVlr. Reiyea's mother, Martha (Owen) Relyea, was a native of Orange County. Mr. Relyea was reared in his native place, receiving the educa- tion afforded by the common sciiools, until twelve years of age. The death of his father oc- curred at tliat time, and as he was the eldest of the children, he commenced life's battle, not only for himself, but also aided in the support of the family. At sixteen years of age he com- menced work at the blacksmith's trade, which he followed until 1849. In that year he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and was there employed by his uncle in his soda-water manufactory. lie soon mastered that business and was given the supervision and general management of the busi- ness, which lie conducted for several years. After that he carried on the business upon his own account, and established and conducted works at Fortsmouth, Ohio, Covington, Ken- tucky, Fort Jarvis, New York, and other places. He was employed in those enterprises until about 1870. lie then returned to his old call- ing as a blacksmith and machinist, and was em- ployed in a large carriage-spring factory at New Haven, Connecticut, and later was employed by the iirm as their traveling agent and salesman. In 1877 Mr. Relyea established himself in busi- ness in Lowell, Massachusetts, as an agent for the sale of wheel stock, carriage materials, etc. He was successtul in his enterprise and con- ducted that enterprise until 1885. In that year he came to Caliibrnia, and in September took up his I'esidence at Sierra Madre. He pur- chased ten acres of wild and unimproved land on the south side of Grand View avenue, erected himself a neat cottage and commenced horticult- ural pursuits. In 1887 the demand for resi- dence lots ii.duced him to subdivide his tract, and he sold off all his land except one acre, which he retained as a home. This place he has fully improved, planting a large variety of choice citrus and deciduous fruits, berries, etc. Ever since taking up his residence in Sierra Madre, Mr. Relyea has taken an active interest in building up his section. He is a stockholder and director of the Sierra Madre Water Com- pany. He also has real estate interests in Fasadena, Monrovia, Lamanda Park and otiier places. He is an enterprising and progressive citizen. In political matters he is a Republican. In 1863, at Fortsraouth, Ohio, Mr. Relyea mar- ried Miss Sarah Stearns, a native of Connecti- cut. She died in 1866, leaving one child, who died in 1870. His second marriage was in 1873, when he wedded Miss Ellen Fhelan, a native of Burlington, Vermont, and the daughter of Jolin and Ellen (Murphy) Fhelan, natives of Ireanld. From this marriage there are five children: Helena Gracie, Martha, Walter G., Josephine and Charles E. fOSEFH W. ROBINSON, proprietor of the Boston Dry-Goods Store, and one of the most enterprising and successful business men of Los Angeles, is the son of a prominent Massachusetts dry-goods merchant, and was born at North Bridgewater, forty-two years ago. He entered the employ of a wholesale dry-goods firm in Boston, when a lad of thirteen years, and has been actively connected with the business ever since. His father, H. W. Robin- son, started in the dry-goods business in North Bridgewater in 1844, and is still carrying it on there, and, though seventy years old, is well preserved and active. Before coming West the JIISTORV OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. subject of tliis sketch was a partner with his fatlier for seven years. In October, 1882, Mr. Robinson k'l't his New Eni,'lancl home and came to Califuriiia, vvitli tlie expectation of engaj^ing in orange growing at Riverside, as he had friends residing in that citrus paradise. Bnt, after loolcing over the ground and duly vveigli- ing the matter, he concluded it would be better to coiitinxie in a business with which he was familiar, rather than engage in one he knew nothing about. The sequel proves the wisdom of his decision. Accordingly, on the 19th day of February, 1883, he opened a dry-goods store with a small stock of goods in one- half of the room now occupied by Mr. Harris's clothing store, at 125 North Spring street, for which he paid a rental of $125 per month. He and two clerks did the work of the store. In the brief period of six years and a half the business has grown to such mammoth proportions that ninety people are required to liandle it. The rapid ex- pansion of the trade necessitated a change to more ample quarters, and in June, 1887, Mr. Robinson moved into the large and commodious room he now occupies on North Spring street, and known as the Boston Store. It is 165 x 41 feet in dimensions, finely fitted and furnished with every convenience for expediting the trans- action of business, including theLampson basket cash system, and is one of the most complete and attractive business rooms on this coast. Mr. Robinson confines his trade strictly to legitimate dry-goods, of which he carries a very large stock of the best grades manufactured; and, his busi- ness being conducted on a high and honorable plan, his patronage itchides the best citizens of the city and surrounding country. Each suc- ceeding year has witnessed an increase in the volume of trade over the year previous, that of 1888 being the largest in the history of the house, and aggregating about $750,000. In the summer of 1887 Mr. Robinson established a wholesale store at Nos. 17 and 19 Temple street, where a purely jobbing business is done. The trade of this department extends over South- ern California and Arizona, and reached nearly $250,000 in 1888. Mr. Robinson is one of the liusiness men of Los Angeles who is thoroughly loyal in hi> sympathy with and faith in tho city and adjoining country, and thinks Los Angeles one of the best business points of its size in the United States, the only drawback being the necessity of carrying a larger stock of goods for the same amount of trade, owing to the long distance from the source of supplies, lie thinks the dry-goods business is conducted at as small a cost and on as small a margin of profits as in Eastern cities, and avers that most lines of goods are as low in price as in the East- erji centei-sof trade. When he opened the doors of his little store in 1883, there were more dry- goods stores in Los Angeles than there are now, but they were run on the slow-going old-time plan. The infusion of Yankee blood and Yankee enterprise into the commercial life of the Angel City has wrought a revolution in the business methods of the Southern metropolis, and en- larged the volume of trade many fold within the past decade. Mr. Robinson marrie 1 a daughter of New England, who accompanieil him to this sunnv land of the Occident. fR. RINALDI was the first settler in the San Fernando Valley belonging to the " Caucasian race. He is a native of Ber- lin, Prussia, and was born in 1834. His father was Carlos Ambrosus Robert Rinaldi, a native of Italy. He was an artist of considerable note, and traveled all over Europe. The subject of this sketch came to America in 1850. He landed in New York, and from there traveled over sixteen States and three Territories, till in 1859 he landed his "weather beaten bark" on the golden shores of California. He first located in Los Angeles, where he founded the Los Angeles Furniture Company. He established this business in 1868, and three months after- ward it was known as Rinaldi & Co. In 1872 he sold out to I. W. Lord, and bought 151 acres of land, which he has subjected to a very high UISTORT OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. state of cultivation. He purchased this of a Spanish widow by the name of Maria Los Angeles de Filaes de Buro. This land had a title, and its history is very interesting. Mr. Rinaldi built on section 8, township 2, range 15 west, a mile and a half northwest of the old mission and two miles and a half west of San Fernando. He raises fine varieties of oranges, olives and vines. December 29, 1869, he mar- ried Miss Francisca Vallez, a native of Caliibr- nia and of Spanish origin. She is a daughter of Julian Vallez, whose parents are natives of Spain. Her mother's maiden name was Anean- acion Keys. The Reyses were a very important laniily in the early liistory of this county, and held celebrated titles and grants. Mr. and Mrs. llinaldi have reared an interesting family. The names of their children are: Charlotte, Otto, Isaac, Julian, Oscar and Charley. Mr. Rinaldi is a warm friend to the public schools, and has rendered valuable service to his district as trus- tee. He also served as deputy sheriff for two years. He is a charter member of the Pental- pha Masonic Lodge in Los Angeles; is Secretary of the A. O. U. W. Lodge, No. 212, San Fer- nando. Mr. Rinaldi has furnished some very important dates and statistics, and in the early history of the San Fernando Valley none are better informed than he, nor none more willing to aid a worthy enterprise. [^J^ICTOR POKET, a pioneer of Los Angeles, is a native of Ulbeck, Belgium, born in the year 1836. He received in his native land a thorough college education, and after completing his studies traveled extensively in Europe and America, visiting nearly all places of note in both countries. During his travels he came to Los Angeles, arriving in 1869. He was impressed with the natural beauty of South- ern California, the salubrity of its climate, and foresaw in Los Angeles a growing and prosper- ous city as its future business center. He there- fore decided to make the City of the Angels his future home and accordingly entered business as an importer and manufacturer of mirror and picture I'rames. He later engaged successfully in the undertaking business, in which he con- tinned until the year 1865, when he retired. Since that time he has devoted his energies to the management of his real estate and other in- terests. Mr. Ponet has figured prominently in the business affairs of Los Angeles and is one of the organizers and still a director of the Ever- green Cemetery. He is a man of practical, sound judgment, strong traits of character, an econo- mist in the truest sense, a gentleman of worthy charity and a citizen highly esteemed. Mr. Ponet married in 1873 Miss N. J. Manning, a na- tive of Ireland, and they have a daughter, Cer- trude, and a son, William. SAAC N. RIIYNE.— One of the oldest and most respected citizens now living in this county is the gentleman whose name heads this article. He comes from the Old Dominion ; was born in Bath County, Virginia, January 8, 1817, his parents being Martin and Barbara (Ilansbarger) Rhyne. Mrs. Rhyne's parents came from Germany and settled in Maryland, near Harper's Ferry, before the Revolutionary war. John Hausbarger made a farm in Alle- ghany County, Virginia, where he lived and died. Martin Rhyne moved to Virginia at a very early day and "took his farm out of the woods," as was the custom there in those days. There he lived and there they buried him at the advanced age of eighty-six years. The sub- ject of this sketch was married in 1843 to Miss Eliza Nesbit, who was reared in Rockbridge County, Virginia. Her parents were John and Phojbe (Travers) JMesbit, of Augusta County, Virginia. The result of this union was three children: Susan, now the wife of T. J. Wood, of Riverside; Mary, wife of Asa Todd, of Los Angeles; and Maggie, who keeps house for her father at the home he has made iu this county, near Downey. Mrs. Rhyne died at her old home (y}^'U^yY~ HISTORY OF LOS ANOELBS OOUNTT. ill Viri,niiia iti 1850. Witli his daughters, Mr. Rhjne crossed the plains to California in 1865, having previous to this lived ten years in Mis- souri. After residing tliree years in Sah Ber- nardino County, in 1868 he bought the forty acres on San Gabriel' River, three miles northwest of Downey, where, for nearly a quarter of a cent- ury, he has been successfully engaged in gen- eral fanning. He owns valuable property in the city of Los Angeles, and may be classed with the successful men of this ccjunty. He is now, and has been for half a century, an active, earnest and consistent member of the church, as was also his beloved wife, who died many years ago, and to whose memory he has ever been true. He is recognized by all who know him as a true Christian and a man upright in all his dealings. fOHN ROBERTS, manager for the San Pedro Lumber Company, is a pioneer of this pai't of Los Angeles County. He came to Long Beach in 1884 from Lincoln, Nebraska. Mr. Roberts is a native of the Buckeye State, born in Belmont County in 1831, and is the son of Charles and Sarah (Harris) Roberts. The father was a native of Canada, and his parents were natives of Pennsylvania. Charles Roberts was a farmer by occupation, and in 1862 moved from Ohio to Missouri, where he farmed till 1872, in that year removing to Iowa, where he con- tinued the occupation of farming until his death, which occurred in 1875, his wife having died in 1871. They had a family of thirteen children, eiglit of whom are still living, the subject of this sketch being the oldest one of the family. John Roberts received the benefits of a common- school education, and in early manhood began tilling the soil in his native State. He learned the carpenter and cabinet-maker's trade, and at this he worked in Ohio till the year 1856, when he removed to Montezuma, Iowa. After remain- ing there about a year and a half he went to .Nebraska, where he took an active part in the development of that Territory. Li 1870 he en- gaged in the wholesale drug business in Nebraska City. In 1872 he was a delegate from Nebraska to the National Convention which nominated General Grant for President, and in 1873 was appointed collector of internal revenue, with headquarters at Omaha; this position he re- tained for five years. He then went to Lincoln, Nebraska, and engiged in manufacturing, but becoming somewhat depicted in health, he de- cided to seek a milder climate, and came to California. Mr. Roberts has been twice mar- ried; li'-st, in 1852, August 9, to Miss Mary Barrett, of Morrow County, Ohio, and of this union one child was born, Mary, now the wife of Charles Mortley, of Kno.\ County, Ohio. The first wife died December 8, 1853, and June 15, 1854, Mr. Roberts again entered the marriage relation, choosing for his bride Miss Sarah Mc- Kee, of Morrow County, Ohio. To them seven children have been given, six of whom are liv- ing: Charles II.; Sarah E, who married G3)rge Coffman; Ida Frances, now the wife of Henry Christie; Eda Belle and Eva Delle, twins, the former now the wife of Charles W. Fleming, of Riverside; John, deceased in 1872; and Dwiglit J., now a medical student in Chicago, Illinois. Both Mr. and Mrs. Roberts are members of the Methodist Church, and Mr. Roberts is affiliated with the Masonic order. In April, 1888, he was chosen chairman of the city council for Long Beach, which office he now holds. Mr. Roberts is recognized by all who know him as a straight- forward, energetic man. His residence is pleas- antly located on Pine street, in the picturesque village of Long Beach. fTEPlIEN A. REND ALL was born in Somersetshire, England, March 6, 1837. He came to the United States in 1846, and to California in 1861, and to Los Angeles in 1866. Here he engaged in photography, in which profession he was a thorough artist. .\fterwanl he ac(|iiired intt;rests in Santa Ro^a, HISTOnr OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. and he oscillated between that place and Los Angeles from 1870 to 1884, when he perma- nently settled here with his family, building him- self a beautiful lionie on Alvarado street. Mr. Kendall brought the first Angora goats to Los Angeles County in 1867, and thus hel])ed to inaugurate an industry, which, from the adapt- ability of the climate, especially in our mount- ainous regions, to this animal, is likely to become very valuable. With others, he engaged somewhat extensively in the importation of Angora goats from Asia Minor. Li 1870 Mr. Kendall married Miss Barnes, of Illinois. They have five children. fYLVESTEK ROGERS, one of the original settlers of Compton, is a pioneer of 1867. He was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, in January, 1823, being the son of George and Elizabeth (Nelson) Rogers, natives of New York, and of English origin. They were early pio- neers of Ohio, subsequently moved to Washing- ton County, Illinois, and still later to Iowa. In 1851 they again turned their faces westward, this time coming to the Pacific Coast and settling in the Golden State, where, in 1876, George Rogers died, being in his eiglitieth year. They reared a family of eleven children, Sylvester be- ing the third. The subject of this sketch was a soldier in the Mexican war, enlisted in the Second Illinois Volunteers, and was mustered ont at Alton, Illinois, in September, 1848. He then went to Missouri where he was engaged in farming until 1852. At that time he married Martha A. Rice, a native of Tennessee, and diuighter of Thomas Bice. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers have reared a family of eleven childi-en, nine of whom are still living: Henry, George, Sarah, Lottie, William, Minnie, Oliver, Edith and lidwin. Both Mr. Rogers and his wife are active and consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which for a period of thirty-three years he has been honored with the oHicc of .steward. Durinii' his connection with the church he has held all the various otfices, and is a man loved and respected by all. Polit- ically he affiliates with the Republican party. He is one of the stanch farmers of this part of the county. Much of his attentii n is given to the raising of horses and cattle of good grades, and he also has some fine specimens of fruit, vegetables, etc. fHARLES H. ROBERTS. -Among the well-known and successful business men of Monrovia is the subject of this sketch. He is engaged in the drug business on the cor- ner of Lemon and Ivy avenues, opposite the Grand View Hotel. His store is among the representative business houses of Monrovia. It was established by Dr. C. H. Stewart and F. E. Perham, and was one of the pioneer enterprises of the city. Mr. Roberts purchased the inter- ests of the above-named gentlemen in May, 1888, and has .-ince enlarged and conducted the business. He is a skilled pharmacist as well as a trained business man. These qualities com- bined with an energetic prosecution of his busi- ness have secured him a well-merited success, and rendered his establishment one of the abso- lute needs of his section. Mr. Roberts was born in Morrow County, Ohio, in 1855, and is the son of John and Sarah (McKee) Roberts. In 1857 his father moved to Nebraska, and located near what is now the city of Lincoln, and was there engaged in agricultural pursuits, and kept a stage station upon the great overland stage route. In 1871 he was appointed collector of internal revenue at Omaha, which position he held for many years. In 1880 he came to Cali- fornia and took up his residence at Long Beach, Los Angeles County, where he has since resided^ taking an active part in building up that city. At this writing he is the president of the board of trustees of Long Beach, and is well and favor- ably known throughout that section. The sub- ject of this sketch remained with his father until seventeen years of age, and was given the bene- HISTOnr OF LOIS ^iNGMLBlS UOUMTY. lit of a good education, completing iiis studies at the Otoe University at Nebraska City. AVhile pursuing iiis studies and during vacations Mr. Roberts acquired the practicil knowledge of a druggist and cliemist. In 1872 he started in life for himself, by establishing a drug store at Palmyra, Nebraska. This enterprise he con- ducted for about a year. lie then sold out and located at Monroe, Jasper County, Iowa. There he was engaged as a clerk in a drug store until 1874. Desirous of a more extended experience in his business he went to Omaha and for the next two years was connected with one of the largest drug houses in that city. In 1876 hecstablisiied a drug store on the corner of Douglas and Fif- teenth streets. This business he conducted un- til 1879, and was then for several months in tiie northwestern stock ranges, engaged in ship- ping cattle to the Eastern markets. Having closed out his interests in that enterprise, he went to New York City and entered the employ of the well-known drug house of H.W.Atwood, at No. 816 Broadway, as his chief clerk. He also entered upon a thorough course of studies of his profession, and graduated at the New York College of Pharmacy in 1883. Mr. Roberts continued in his profession until early in 1884, and was then the business manager of the Oil, Paint and Drug Publishing Company for six months, after which he accepted tiie position of chief clerk in Caswell, Massey & Co.'s establish- ment. Deciding to enter other business pur- suits lie, in 1885, accepted the position of pur- chasing agent of the New York, Rutland & Montreal Railroad. His business qualilications soon gained him promotion and he was ap- pointed assistant manager and finally superin- tendent of the road, which position he held until June, 1887, when he came to California. After spending several months in traveling through Soutliern and Lower California, he took up iiis residence in Monrovia, in November of that year. Mr. Roberts is a straightforward business man, respected and esteemed by his associates, a progressive citizen and a willing supporter of any enterprise that will tend to i)uild up his chosen section. His real-estate interests are mostly at Long Beach. In political matters he is a strong Republican. He is a member of the executive committee of the Rspublican central committee of Los Angeles County. In 1886 Mr. Roberts was married to Miss Carrie E. Meader, the daughter of William H. and Alferreta (Randall) Meader, of New York. From this marriage there is one child, Roscoc. -s-^^«->- — fOLOMON RICHARDSON.— Among the earlier residents and well-known citizens of the San Gabriel Valley is the subject of this sketch, whosefine orchard property is located in the Alhambra school district, about one and one-half miles northwest of the mission of San Gabriel. His farm consists of seventy acres of rich and productive land, twenty-three acres of which Captain C. G. Hutchinson has an interest in. A tine orange grove of twenty-five acres is one of the improvements on his place. With the exception of five acres of Washington Na- vels, his trees are seedlings. There are also four acres of deciduous fruits, principally pears and pomegranates, and besides these.nearly all varieties of fruit grown in the valle}'. He has also about three acres of wine grapes of Mission and Blauelba varieties. The rest of his land is devoted to grain and alfalfa. Captain Hutchinson, who has an interest in the farm, was born in An- trim, Hillsboro County, New Hampshire; came to California in 1852 via Cape Horn. Later he returned East and brought his wife to this place, arriving here in September, 1858. His wife died nine months later. Captain Hutchinson was one of the first to engage in raising straw- berries in Los Angeles. Mr. Richardson was born in Pelham, Hillsboro County, New Hamp- sliire, in 1831. His parents were Solomon and Hannah (Currier) Richardson, both natives of that State. He was reared a farmer and lived u|)on his father's farm until he reached iiis ma- jority. In 1S53 he Ifft liis native State and went to Australia, where he eiiiragod in mininjf HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. and other occupations. In 1858, while in Aus- tralia, he married Miss Agnes Mellor, a native of England. Mr. Richardson remained in Aus- tralia until 1860, when he cauie to California. Upon his arrival he located in Alameda County and afterward came to Los Angeles Count)', settled near San Gabriel, rented land from B. D. Wilson and engaged in farming. He was also interested in mining in Colorado for a short time. In 1867 he purchased a portion of his present farm, which was then in a wild and uncultivated state, and commenced its i^mprovc- ment and cultivation. Since that time he has devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits, and by purchase has increased his acreage to his present holdings. Mr. Richardson's long resi- dence in tlie San Gabriel Yalley has made him well known and gained him the respect and es teem of a large circle of friends and acquaint- ances. In political matters he is a strong supporter of the Republican party. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Richardson there are eight children living, viz.: Marj', Allie, Charles, Andrew, Roy, Harry, Rachel and Ralph. Mary married George Campbell, and is now residing in Washington Territory. Allie married Logan Seitzeand, .and is living in San Bernardino County. The other children are residing under the parental roof. ^ENRY C. ROBERTS.— Among the early 1^^ settlers and well-known agriculturists and ^(| business men of the Azusa Township is the subject of this sketch. Mr. Roberts is a native of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, born in 1833. His father, Ebeiiezer S. Roberts, was also a native of that county. His mother, nee Eliza Heis, was of German parentage, and a descendant of an old and wealthy family of Philadelphia. In 1842 Mr. Roberts's father moved to Illinois and located at Rockford, where he was largely engaged in agricultural pursuits, and also in mercantile and banking operations There the siiliiect of this sisetuh was roared and given the advantages of a good schooling, but when seventeen years of age his ambitious and energetic disposition prompted him to start out in life upon his own account, and, in March of 1850 he joined an emigrant train and came across the plains to California. Upon his arrival in the Golden State he located in the mining counties, and for the next four years followed the varying fortunes of a miner. In 1854 he went to San Jose, and for some months was a clerk in a mercantile house, and in the fall of that year came to Los Angeles County. He took up his residence in Los Angeles until the next spring, and then, tired of quiet pursuits, decided to try his fortunes in Arizona. He accordingly located in the Weaver district in that Territory, and engaged in prospecting and mining. The Indians were bitter and hostile in those days. They killed his animals and made war upon his party, and he was compelled to abandon his enterprise and return on foot to California. Upon his return to Los Angeles he established a livery stable, and engaged in stock-raising upon the Santa Anita Ranch, near Los Angeles, where he remained until 1859. In May of that year he came to the Azusa Township, and located upon 160 acres of land near the mouth of the San Gabriel Canon. There he established the first store ever opened in the township. He also engaged in mining enterprises in the San Gabriel Cafion, and opened a store in the San Gabriel mines. During this time he was also engaged in a bitter fight with the Azusa grant holders over the ownership of the land he had taken up as a Government claim. This contest lasted for more than twenty years, and Mr. Roberts was among the most prominent and energetic settlers in contesting the grant claims, until it was finally settled in 1883 by the United States Government issuing patents to the settlers. This contest was one of great importance to the Azusa Valley, as it opened up for settlement thousands of acres of the rich and productive lands of the Upper San Gabriel Valley, and made possible the magnifi- cent improvements and populati^m of which niSTOUY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. that section now boasts. Mr. Roberts, at this writing (1889), is the owner of 250 acres of land (including his original claim of 160 acres), located about one mile from the town of Azusa, upon which he is engaged in agricultural and horticultural pursuits. He has twenty acres of citrus fruits and five acres of deciduous fruits. His vineyard is forty acres in extent, and con- tains a variety of the most approved wine grapes in the San Gabriel Valley, among which are the Zinfandel, Burger, Concord, Mission, Hamburg, Flaming Tokay and Black Morocco. His lands are irrigated by water from the San Gabriel River. His location is such that he has ti.e ad- vantages of climate, soil, etc., that are especially adapted for vine culture, and is fast building up one of the representative places of the valley. He has other property interests in the Azusa, among which is a forty-acre tract at Covina, thirty acres of which are devoted to wine grapes of the Burger and Zinfandel varieties. Mr. Roberts is also interested in business and resi- dence property in the city of Azusa, and has been largely interested in building up that place, as the ethcient agent of the Azusa Land and Water Company. He also owns eighty acres of mineral land in the San Gabriel Caiion, about twelve miles north of Azusa. Mr. Roberts has been one of the most active business men in his section, and has done much to develop its resources. His mining operations in the San Gabriel Canon embrace a period of twenty years, and he is a strong believer in the mineral wealth of that canon and the Sierra Madre Mountains. He has been for many years the president of the board of water commissioners, of the Azusa district, and is also largely interested in developing the water supply in the Sal Se Puda Canon, which is intended for the irrigation of the Viueland district. Asan enterprising and public- spirited citizen, he isal ways ready to identify him- self with and liberally support any enterprise that tends to develop the resources and build up the Upper San Gabriel Valley. He is a strong sup- porter of schools, and was one of the first school trustees of his district. In political matters he is a strong Republican, and was a firm Union man during the dark days of the Rebellion. In 1864 the subject of this sketch was united in marriage with Miss Susanna Melendrez, a native of California, and the daughter of Vicente Me- lendrez, a well-known resident of Los Angeles. The following are the names of the children from this marriage: Frederick, Edward, James D., Thomas, Charles, Esculapius, Marietta, Henry C, Henrietta, William and Vicente, all of whom are members of their father's household. Fred- erick married Miss Sorieda Maestran, a native of Los Angeles County. Mr. Roberts's father is now (1889) a resident of Los Angeles, an active and well-preserved gentleman of eighty-four years. -^^■^ i--^— fTTO RUF, Los Angeles, is a native of Germany, and was born March 21, 1851. He attended school and served an appren- ticeship, learning his trade there. Upon reach- ing manhood he emigrated to America in 1871, and came to California the same year; worked at his trade in San Francisco several years. In 1877 he came to Los Angeles and .was in the employ of Mr. Heinch, on Main street, for seven years, then engaged in business for himself. Being a practical workman in all the details of his trade, he has built up a good business and employs six to eight hands during the busy season. Mr. Ruf was married April 3, 1884: to Miss Mary Zeruiliow, a native of Germany. They have two children: Carl and Otto. -i->-f^ '<»il.\ B. REICHARD.— Ai 'g I known citizens and representative farmers 'i^i of the East San Gabriel Valley is the sub- ject of 'this sketch. Mr. Reichard, in connection with his brother, Daniel Reichard, of Los An- geles, is the owner of 150 acres of rich and productive land, located in the old Azusa school ! district, four miles southwest of Azusa and a 618 U I STORY OF LOS AJSGELBS COUNTY. mile and a half east of Viiieland. This land was purchased bj them in 1874, and in 1876 Mr. Reichard took up his residence upon the place and commenced its improvement and cul- tivation. He conducted general farming opera- tions, and planted fruit trees and vines. He lias now (1889) thirty-six acres in vineyard, pro- ducing a fine variety of Burger, Black Malvoise, Zinfandel, Trousseau wine grapes, and also a variety of the most approved table and raisin grapes. Elis lands are well adapted to fruit culture and he has under cultivation a family orchard of citrus and deciduous fruits that is not excelled in his section, embracing all the clioice varieties that can be successfully grown in that location. The rest of his land is de- voted to hay, grain and stock purposes. Mr. Reichard is a native of Franklin County, Penn- sylvania, dating his birth in 1842. He is the son of Daniel and Rebecca (Benedict) Reichard, both natives of that State. When about three years of age his parents moved to Ohio, and lo- cated in Mahoning County, where his father engaged in farming and stock-growing. Mr. Reichard was reared a farmer in that county, re- ceiving tlie advantages of a good education in the public schools and academy, and also took a course in a commercial college. Upon reach- ing his majority, he went to Pennsylvania, where he was engaged in sinking wells in the oil regions till 1865. In the spring of that year he came to California, and was employed by the oil company at their works in Ventura County. In 1866 he returned to Ohio, where he remained until the next year. He then lo- cated in Johnson County, Texas, and spent a year in farming operations upon rented lands. In 1868 he came to Los Angeles County, and took up his residence at San Gabriel. He was there employed by Mr. B. D. Wilson and J. De Barth Shorb as the foreman of their orchards, wine cellars, etc. Mr. Reichard held that re- sponsible position the principal part of eight years, or until 1876, when he took up his pres- ent residence. He has a thorough knowledge of agricultural and horticultural pursuits in Southern California, and with his industrious habits and energetic temperament, his career has been a successful one and he is placing his farm in the ranks of the leading horticultural industries of his section. His long residence in the San Gabriel Valley has made him well known and gained him a large circle of friends. In political matters he is Democratic, but is very liberal and conservative in his views. In 1876 Mr. Reichard returned to Pennsylvania and while there married Miss Mary E. Logan, the daughter of Daniel and Anna E. Logan, natives of Pennsylvania. Her mother (a sketch of whom appears in this volume) is now (1889) a resident of Los Angeles County. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Reichard there is one child, Nellie. Mr. Reichard's brother, Daniel Reichard, is a well-known resident of Los An- geles. He is one of the two proprietors of the California livery stable in that cit}'. fHOMAS S. RUDDOCK. — Among the prominent capitalists of the East who have located in Los Angeles County, seeking its genial climate, etc., as a desirable [)lace of residence, is the above-named gentleman, who is residing at 317 Grand avenue, Los Angeles. Mr. Ruddock is largely interested in real estate in the county and is projecting and carrying out some of the most extensive citrus-fruit planting in the San Gabriel Valley. He is the owner of 1,100 acres of land in the Puunte,' San Dimas^ Glendora and Azusa. school districts. Of this choice land 378 acres are located two and a half miles south and west of Glendora and three and a half miles southeast of Azusa. Mr. Ruddock is planting the whole of this tract to citrus fruits. He is sparing neither time nor money in his improvements, and is destined to build up one of the most magnificent orange groves in the United States. Of the 160 acres planted in 1889, he lias the following choice varieties: 800 Jaffa, 1,500 Malta Blood, 500 Sanford's Mediterranean, 1,000 Hart's Tardiff, 400 Medi- niSTORT OF LOS ANQELBS COUNTY. terranean Blood, a large acreage of Washington Navels, ten acres in lemons, and a variety of other citrus fruits, such as Ruby, Jeffa, etc. lie is an enthusiast in his horticultural pursuits, and gives the matter his personal attention. He is seeking and obtaining the choicest varieties of citrus fruits to be obtained, and is planting many varieties heretolbre unknown in that section of the San Gabriel Valley. He is the owner of 730 acres of land two miles west of his fruit lands, which is devoted to general farming. Mr. Ruddock is a successful business man and the founder of his own fortune. He is conducting his large horticultural pursuits upon the same basis that has secured his success in the various business enterprises of his life. He is a strong believer in the future wealth and prospevity that awaits the San Gabriel Valley, and recog- nizes no such word as failure in his enterprise. The brief facts obtained as to Mr. Ruddock's life and business successes are of interest. He is a native of New England, dating his birth in Franklin County, Massachusetts, in February, 1818. In 1831 his father moved to Onondaga County, New York, and was there engaged as a farmer and miller. Mr. Ruddock was reared to farm life, receiving such educational advan- tages as were afforded by the common schools. In 1842 he determined to strike out in the great West, and in that year located near Racine, Wisconsin, where he took up Government land and commenced life as a pioneer farmer, after which he located at Berlin, Green Lake County. In 1849 he came to California, and for the next four years was engaged in mining in Placer County and on the middle fork of the American River. Returning to Berlin in 1853 he entered into extensive business operations, conducting a large mercantile establishment and lumber busi- ness. He also built steamboats and established a packet and freight line on the Fox River and portage to the Wisconsin River, thus establish- ing water transportation from the Lakes to the Mississippi River. He extended his operations and established large lumber yards in Milwau- kee and Chicago, and for twenty years was largely engaged in the manufacture of lumber in Manistee, Michigan, owning a mill and ex- tensive pine lands in that vicinity; was also largely interested in the pioneer railroads of his State and the establishment of banking inter- ests in Berlin. He became one of the most prominent business men in his section, building lake and river steamers, establishing machine shops, foundries, etc. In 1870 he took up his residence in Milwaukee. He was one of the first to raise cranberries in Wisconsin. In 1879 moved to Chicago, where he resided until 1888. In that year he took up his residence in Los Angeles. Mr. Ruddock is a man endowed with a strong constitution, and in early life was reared to industrious and energetic habits. With that as his capital he started in life and success has followed. In 1847 Mr.' Ruddock married Miss Maria N. Newell, the daughter of Asa and Nancy M. Newell, of Massachu- setts. There are three children living from this marriage, and three are deceased. The son, Charles H., married Miss Sarah Billings; he is now residing in Chicago, and is conducting his business enterprises at that point and in Minne- apolis, Minnesota. The two daughters are May B. and Nellife M. Mr. Ruddock's parents were both natives of Massachusetts. They were Justus and Rhoda (Damon) Ruddock. PURGESS J. REEVE, architect, N o r t h Main street, Los Angeles, was born in England, February 16, 1845. During boy- hood he attended school to the age of fourteen years, when he was apprenticed with an archi- tect for three years in the city of London, at an expense of $1,500. After serving his time he was engaged with some of the leading architects of London, and carried on his profession there twenty-two years; and during this time he had the supervision of the construction of some of the finest mansions in that city. Also he had considerable experience in the erection of large manufacttiring l)uiidings in the north jiart of HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. England. In 1881 he came to America and went to Kansas City, and after remaining there over a year he came to Los Angeles, since which time lie has snccessfully followed his profession here. For the past few years he has been en- gaged mostly on business blocks. He has had a large pra 'tical experience of over thirty years, and has taken a prominent place in the profes- sion here. He married Miss Harriet Smith, a native of England. They have six children, three sons and three daughters. They lost one son in Kansas City. "V^ fETER RICHARDS.— The subject of this sketch is a native of Austria, born in Dal- matia, in 1842. His parents were Mathew and Lucretia Richards, both natives of the place of his birth. His father was a seafaring man, and Mr. Richards early imbibed a love for that calling. When sixteen years of age he left home and for many years followed the life and occupation of a sailor. In 1863 he came to California and entered the employ of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, where he was engaged until 1865. He then devoted himself to mining and prospecting through Nevada, Idaho, Mon- tana and Utah, and finally through the Tejon Pass to Southern California. Shortly after his arrival he located at Wilmington, working for General Banning, and afterward established a restaurant at that place, which he conducted until 1869. He then moved to Anaheim, where he was proprietor of a restaurant until 1876, opening the first one ever established in that town. Mr. Richards was successful in his busi- ness operations in that town and accumulated property to the value of about $25,000. In 1876 a tire destroyed his buildings and stock of wines, etc., and left him financially ruined. He then went to San Francisco, and for the next three years conducted a grocery store on. the corner of Vallejo and Montgomery streets, and afterward established a store at the corner of Larkin and Sutter streets. In 1883 Mr. Rich- ards visited Mexico witli the intention of enter- ing into mining operations, but not suited with the prospects he returned to Los Ai'geles County and, through M. L. Wicks, became interested in the town of Lancaster, where he opened the first hotel ever built in that town. The next two years were spen*' by Mr. Ric ards in San Francisco, Monterey and Ventura, principally in the latter place, where he established a res- taurant. In 1886 he came to Los Angeles County and located at the mission of San Ga- briel and opened a grocerj' store, nearly opposite the mission church, which he has since con- ducted, lie also has property interests in that place, having town lots and acreage land in the immediate vicinity, among which are two acres and a half of orchard property nearly opposite Judge Hamilton's place. In 187-1 Mr. Richards married Miss Incarnation Carillo, the daughter of Ramon and Vicentia (Sepiilveda) Carillo. She is first cousin of ex-Governor Roumaldo Pacheco and a descendant of the old mission families of Southern California. From their marriage there are four children, viz.: Lucretia, Ribert M., Alfred J. and Verona. Mr. Richards and his family are members of the Catholic Church. In political matters he is Democratic, consistent iti his views and a worker in the ranks of that party. ILLIAM ROMMEL, contractor, South Los Angeles street, Los Angeles, is a native of Kentucky, and was born in Jefterson County, eight miles from Louisville. During his boyhood he attended school and then served an apprenticeship at the trade of carpen- ter and joiner under tiie direction of a promi- nent builder in the city of Louisville. After working at his trade several years, he engaged in contracting and building on his own account, and for eight years carried on a large and suc- cessful business there. On account of ill health he decided to give up his bright prospects and come to Southern California, ami arrived here in 1884, without friends to introduce him. An ^,^7^v^ HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. eutire stranger, he iminediatelj engaged in busi- ness, contracting and building, and since then for the past five years lias taken a leading posi- tion, and secured it by honorable competition and practical ability. He has built a large number of stores, warehouses, residences and business blocks. He superintends the erection of the splendid building of the Young Men's Christian Association, and does it gratuitously, because of his active interest in church work and everything that tends to improve the mor- als of the city and State. Mr. Eominel has as- sociated with him one Ijrother, and the firm of Rommel Brothers has built up an enviable rep- utation as responsible contractors. They manu- facture Tittman's Refrigerator, said to be supe- rior to any in use. It is growing in favor and they are building up a large trade. Mr. Rom- mel was united in marriage. May 5, 1877, with Miss Mary Freylogel, from the city of Louis- ville, Kentucky. They have five children: Net- tie, Mamie, Sara, Calvin and Carrie. Mr. Rom- mel is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, a charter member of Southern California Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and he and his wife are consist- ent members of the English Lutheran Church. ^43->¥ ■ tON. L. J. ROSE.— The story of the life of Leonard John Rose in some respects sounds like a romance. Although he is an in- tensely practical man, and whatever he does or says has always a directness and a strong flavor of common sense that are characteristic of the man, nevertheless he is more or less an idealist, as will appear in the following brief sketch. Mr. Rose was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1827. His parents immigrated to the United States when he was twelve years ot age. Stopping for a short time in New Orleans, they proceeded to Hlinois and settled in Waterloo, in the south- ern part of the State, the father engaging in mercantile pursuits. Mr. Rose was educated at Shurtlitf College, in Alton. After leaving school he located at Quincy, engaging for a number of years in the dry-goods business. From there he went to Vail Buren County, Iowa, where he continued in the same line of business. Mr. Rose has always been passionately fond of fruits, flowers and animals, and having been quite suc- cessful in business, he purchased and carried on a fancy farm, where he endeavored to gratify his tastes. But the severity of the winters de- stroyed all his summer accumulations of plants. He became discouraged with trying to carry out his ideas, and, selling out, he went to Missouri, after losing one child and nearly losing a second with pneumonia from the severity of the Iowa winters. Having resolved to seek a milder climate, he purchased some 200 head of finely bred cattle and fifty fine horses, and fitted up a train for California. Nineteen young men joined him, and they started, in the spring of 1858, overland, for California, via what was known as the Thirty-fifth Farallel route. His was the first party of emigrants that ever at- tempted to come by that route. Lieutenants Whipple and Beale had explored the route with a view of ascertaining the feasibility of build- ing a railroad that way, but had only made such a road as would enable them to get through. Mr. Rose's party secured a guide, who had pre- viously been over the same route with Whipple, to conduct the party from Albuquerque. They got along without serious trouble till they reached the mountain range bounding the valley of the Colorado River. From the summit of this range they saw the river, which seemed near at hand, but the mountain was so steep that tliey had to let their wagons down with ropes; and after reaching the valley or plain, they began to suffer for want of water. The journey to the river consumed a whole day, and the sufferings of the party became so intense that some of theiii became insane from thirst. On finally reaching the river, the men unyoked their cattle and let them go loose, and them- selves rushed for the water, lying down in the river and drinking their fill, then becoming stupefied, lay partly in the water and rested and slept. The heat was so great that the sufl'criiig HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNT y. of the party was indescribable. The Mojave Indians came in upon them in a threatening manner, but Mr. Rose reconciled them for the time by giving them tobacco and trinkets. They killed his cattle whenever they found them, and roasted the meat without molesta- tion. The following day the emigrants began constructing a raft with which to cross the river. The second day the Indians came into camp, and not being able to satisfy their de- mands, though giving them what articles they could, the Indians retired; and tiie third day they failed to make their appearance, and the emigrants' guide warned the party that the ab- sence of the Indians was an evil omen, where- upon they formed their wagons in a semicircle. with tlie river as their base in the rear, and pre- pared to defend themselves against the treacher ous savages. They saw large numbers of Indians crossing the river from the other side, and the following day, about 1 o'clock, over 200 of the:n attacked the camp. The fight waxed hot until night, amid intense excitement and desperation of the emigrants. They killed about seventeen Indians. Nine of the whites were killed and seventeen wounded, Mr. Rose being one of the latter. A council was held at nightfall, and the emigrants resolved to start back. Gathering together what they could carry in one wagon, they abandoned the camp soon after dark, and started on their perilous and almost hopeless journey for Albuquerque. There were two women in the party — the wife of Mr. Rose and the wife of his foreman, Alfred Brown, who was killed in the fight. His widow with her three chil- dren were taken back. Later she came to Cali- fornia and became the wife of a prominent man, a judge in Sacramento. After making one day's journey on their return trip, they met a party of emigrants, numbering about forty men, of whom they had had no previous knowledge, and the meeting of whom saved Mr. Rose's party from the inevitable fate of perishing en route, as everj'body had given out from exliaustion and from lack of supplies. Mr. Rose and wife had two children, the elder being a little over two years of age. The whole party, or those who survived after their hloody encounter with the savages, togetlier with those whom they had met, returned to JVew Mexico, the men walking, half bare-footed, their feet being lacerated with cactus thorns. At night they slept under their wagons on the sand, as soundly as on feather beds, in their joy for having escaped being massacred. After stopping in Albuquerque and endeavoring in vain to find other business, Mr. Rose finally purchased { hotel, "The Fonda," in the old city of Santa Fe, and kept it for two years, during which time lit made about $14,000. He and his family having sufficiently recruited to continue their journey to the land of flowers and of perpetual summer, they came by the route known as the "Butter- field Stage Route," to California, reaching Los Angeles in November, 1860. Leaving his fam- ily here, Mr. Rose went up into the northern counties of the State, prospecting for a desirable location; but finding no place he liked as well as Los Angeles County, he returned and settled here. He bought the property now known and famous as "Sunny Slope," two miles north ot the old Mission San Gabriel, with a view ol realizing his long-cherished ideal of cultivating fruits and flowers and rearing tine stock. He expected at first only to buy 160 acres of land, but he found after engaging in the work, that to carry out his ideas he must enlarge his acre- age, and he ultimately bought 2,000 acres. He began in a very small way by planting a few acres of grape-vines and orange trees. At first he had but one small wine tub, being one of the pioneer wine and brandy manufacturers of this part of California. Under his judicious man- agement, and undergoing the severest struggles and privations, being heavily in debt for several years, his business finally grew to large propor- tions and eventually became very profitable, enabling him to triumph over all obstacles and to become independent. From the annual pro- duction of a few hundred gallons of wine, he pushed ahead with indomitable perseverance, despite all discouragements, till he reached 750,- HISTOllY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 000 gallons of wine of different varieties yearly, and 125,000 gallons of brandy. His goods at- tained a great repntation for tlieir superior qual- ity, standing as high as any American brands in the great markets of America. In January, 1887, Mr. Rose sold his '-Sunny Slope" prop- erty for over $1,000,000, to an English syndi- cate, who now control it, and who are now introducing its wines and brandies into English markets. About twenty years ago Mr. Hose began to breed fine trotting horses on an exten- sive scale, and he has raised some of the fastest and most valuable animals on the American turf, among them "Stamboul," the celebrated stallion, which made the fastest record, within a second or two, in 1888, trotting in 1:14|. lie is now (February, 1889) on Mr. Rose's great liorse ranch, "Eose-Meade," in the San Gabriel Valley, about ten miles east of Los Angeles, on the line of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Mr. Rose has on his ranch 120 head of tine horses. "Stamboul" has a four-year-old filly with a record of 2:30, a two-year-old with a record of 2:2% and a yearling witli a record of 2:41|. His breeding ranch comprifes 920 acres. On it are 200 acres from which were cut, in 1888, seven crops of two tons each, of alfalfa, to the acre, or fourteen tons per acre in a single year. Mr. Rose has built himself an elegant home, cobting in tiie neighborhood of $100,000, in the city of Los Angeles, where he now resides with his family. It is built on the commanding eminence at the corner of Grand avenue and Fourth street, and is one of the most elaborate and beautiful in Southern California. Mrs. Rose, who has contributed her full share to her husband's success, was the daughter of the late Ezra M. Jones, who was one of the early pio- neers of Iowa, and who afterward, for many years, was a resident of Los Angeles County. Mrs. Rose was born in Indiana, but was reared in Iowa. They were married in the '50's. She has been a remarkable woman in iier endurance and iier fidelity as a true help-mate. They have nine children; the two eldest are daughters: Mrs. J. V. Watcliel and Mrs. E. Sanderson; the eldest son, Harry, is the joint owner and manager of the St. Elmo Hotel in this city; Leon J. Rose, Jr., is interested in a hotel and a real-estate business in Ventura County, and married a Miss Fargo, of San Francisco; Guy is in Taris, studying art, having previously re- ceived the gold medal of the San Francisco Art School; added to his fine inherited natural talent, he is a very hard worker and is enthusi- astically in love with his art; Daisy, Maud, Mabel and Roy are at home with their parents, forming a bright and happy household. In summing up briefly Mr. Rose's characteristics as a naan and as a good and useful citizen of Los Angeles County, the imperial resources of which are as yet but partially developed, the task of the biographer is an agreeable one. If every citizen had done as much as he has done in several lines, toward demonstrating the possi- bilities of one section, this Arcadian Valley of the Angels would stand forth to-day, what it must become in the future, as one of the richest valleys in climatic and natural resources in the United States, if not in the world. Formerly the tendency of settlers in Southern California, as a rule, with few exceptions, was toward the moist or low lands, where corn and other crops would grow without irrigation. Mr. Rose in- augurated a new departure by going to the up- lands and mountains, where water, as it came from the mountain ranges and before it disap- peared beneath the surface, could be utilized as wanted only, without liability to excess from winter overflow and its attendant evils, to whrch the low, wet lands were subject. The result has been a splendid vindication pf the soundness of his judgment. By intelligent and persistent labor he converted a chaparral waste or moor into one of the finest and most productive estates in America. He had the discernment to see then, what is now 'apparent to all, that while the moist or bottom lands are better for alfalfa and many other crops, the foot-hill lauds are vastly superior for vineyards and for citrus fruits, as well as (in the opinion of many) for the raising of fine blooded stock, in all of which nisTonr of los anoeles county. lines he has had such eminent success. The universal voice of the small vineyard owners of Los Angeles County is. that they have been in- debted to Mr. Rose, more than to any or all other wine-makers, for keeping up the ])rices of wine grapes to living rates. Small farmers else- where who raise crops that are not immediately perishable, and who correspond to our small vineyard farmers, are not obliged to sell their crops when ripe or see them perish, as grape- growers are. Many of tlie latter, who have not the necessary capital to own j^ipes and wine cel- lars, etc., are absolutely dependent on selling their grapes, and that within a very limited time, to the wine-makers, with the alternative of their year's labor being a dead loss if they do not. There has been a tendency among the grape- buyers to take advantage oY this state of affairs by compelling growei-s to sell for less than the cost of production. Mr. Rose has never been willingly a party to this short-sighted, selfish policy. He is too just and too enlightened a man for that. He believes in the motto, which is the highest wisdom in the long run: "Live and let live." Mr. Rose has been a frequent writer on economic questions of current local interest, and it is generally conceded tliat he has the happy faculty of saying, in the most direct and effective phraseology, exactly the right thing at the right time. During the cur- rent year (1889) Mr. Rose had one of the most successful sales of fine horses, by auction and otherwise, ever iiad by one party in the United States, or in the world. His sales ii.side of two months, including an auction in New York of $118,000, and $50,000 for "Stamboul" at pri- vate sale, amounted to nearly $190,000 for fifty-four head, the majority being colts one and two years old. Mr. Rose was elected and served as State Senator from Los Angeles County, for the term commencing 1887, and he has also been a useful and active member of the State Viticultural Society and State Board of- Agri- culture for several years. Personally he has done much to benefit Southern California by in- troducing many varieties of foreign grapes, as | well as fine horses and cattle. His life has been an active one, as well as a useful one to himself and to his neighbors also. The community in which he lives rejoices in his success, which has been honestly and fairly earned. Mr. Rose's character, as illustrated by his life's work, fur nishes to his friends who have known him well a good exemplification of the truth that a man who is both an idealist and a realist is a higher type of manhood than one who is only an ideal- ist, or only a realist, or a utilitarian, or a man of practical affairs solely. — ^€ii:i)»-^^^ — fW. ROBBINS, upholsterer and manufact- urer of mattresses, lounges and Robbins' ® Patent Bed Lounge, No. 19 New Depot street, Los Angeles, was born in the State of Maine, December 29, 1840. When he was eighteen years of age iiis parents removed to Wisconsin and he learned bis trade there. After living in the Western States fifteen years, he came to California and located in Los Angeles, in 1875. After following his trade some years, he established his present business on First street in 1882, and the following year moved to Spring street. The firm was G. W. Robbins & Co. for two years, and then Mr. Robbins bought the interest of his partner and removed to Upper Main street, and remained there two years, when he moved to his present location on his own premises, and erected his factory, giving employment dnring the busy season to twenty or thirty hands. He does all kinds of uphol- stering, parlor furniture and mattress work, and manufactures all the goods he sells. He buys all his stock from first hands, and is enabled to compete with Eastern npholsterers, and sells goods to the trade only. He is the pioneer manufacturing upholsterer in Los Angeles, and has built np a large established trade. He is the patentee and sole manufacturer of Robbins' Patent Bed Lounge, an article of furniture which has become very popular in the trade, and UISTOUT OF L0-< ANOBLES COUNTY l.as guincd a wi.le repntatio... Mr. Rol.hins married Mrs. Fletcher, of Michigan, and they have three children. tENRY J. A. STUIIll, importer and dealer in domestic wines and rupiors, 127 West First street, Los Angeles, is a native of llambnrg, Germany, and was born February 22, 1849. He emigrated to America when fourteen years of age, went to Alaska, and came tiie same year to California. He grew up in San Fran- cisco, lived there twelve years, after which he came to Los Angeles, in 1876. Since then he has been identified with the wine business here. He was superintendent for Don Mateo Keller until 1881, for one year ran the business for the estate, and with Weyse Brothers one year. He organized the Los Angeles Vintage Company, and was for four years a partner in that com- pany. In April, 1888, he established his pres- ent business, dealing in all kinds of imported and domestic liquors, California wines and brandies. He lias had a practical experience of twenty-five years, and is well and favorably known and has an established ti'ade. Mr. Stuhr was married August 29, 1873, to Miss Norma Machl, a native of Detroit, Michigan. They have three children living: Henry, Norma and Fred. Olga died May 29, 1889, in Detroit, on her way from Europe with her mother. flMON J. STOCKWELL, a very successful farmer residing near Compton, is the son of John H. Stockwell, who was well known in this county as one of those worthy pioneers who made the overland journey with an ox team thirty years ago. It was by his in- dustry and perseverance— by hard labor in the woods, the mines and on the farm— that he was enabled to provide for his large family of seven children, four boys and three girls. When first coming to Los Angeles Cimuty he rented land, and subsequently purchased fifty acres. This he farmed until his death, which occurred on May 21, 1888, at the age of fifty-seven years, his wife, Abby E. Stockwell, having died May 8, 1871, at the age of thirty -§i.\ years, both na- tives of Vermont. Their four sons have worked their own w^ay up in the world. Under the firm name of Stockwell Ilrothers, Simon, Frank and Lucian conducted a cheese factory known as Star Dairy (S. J. Stockwell as cheese- maker, also butter-uiaker), one mile north of Compton, for four years, being very successful in the un-^ dertaking. Later they purchased 100 acres of excellent alfalfa land, have it highly improved, and three good substantial residences have been erected thereon. Their fields are dotted with herds of well-kept cattle and horses, while the general appearance of the place indicates at once the good taste and prosperity of the owners. Simon J. Stockwell makes a specialty of Hol- stein cattle and Clydesdalfe horses and Poland- China swine of the best breed. He is also running a creamery on his own premisas, the Star Dairy Stock Farm, in his own name. Mr. Stockwell'is an acceptable member of the Method- ist Episcopal Church. He is a man highly re- spected by the community in which he resides, as also are -his brothers, and their example as business men should inspire other young men who have their own way to make in the world. — ^„..|.„:m^-|+.— — tW. STOLE, of the firm of H. W. St(dl & Co., proprietors of the Los Angeles Soda- ® water Works, was born in Germany, February 25, 1839. His parents emigrated to this country when he was only thirteen years of age and located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where they remained twelve years, and in 1864 re- moved to St. Louis, Missouri. From there he went to St. Joseph, the same State, and then to Denver, Colorado, from where he drove across the plains to (California, reaching Los Angeles in 1867. During the following yaer he estab- lishc.l the Los Airgeles Soda-water Works. He BISTORT OF LOS ANGELBS COUNTY. is now the senior proprietor, has carried on the business since 1868, and is the pioneer soda manufacturer in the city. He began on a small scale and increased the capacity of his business from time to time to meet the demands of their trade. Their immense establishment contains tlie latest and most complete and expensive ap- paratus on the Paciiic Coast. Besides genera- tors, bottling machines, reservoirs, syrup tanks, flavoring extract distillery, a large force of men are constantly employed, with a capacity of turn- ing off 3,000 to 5,000 dozen per day of sarsa- parilla, soda mineral water, syrups, cordials and other temperance beverages. Mr. Stoll is a prominent member of the Board of Trade and enjoys an enviable reputation. In 1873 Mr. Stoll married Miss Louisa Behn, a native of Los An- geles. Her father, John J. Behn, was one of the earliest pioneers, coming here in the '40s, His wife was a daughter of General Castello, of Ensinado, Lower California. Mr. and Mrs. Stoll liave seven children, four daughters and three sons. fP. SWITZER is a native of Hardy County, Virginia, where he was born September * 5, 1826. His paternal ancestors were Gorman, and his ancestors on the maternal side were English. On reaching his majority in 1847, the subject of this sketch moved to Lick- ing County, Ohio. In 1853 he set out for Cali- fornia, overland, with Colonel W. W. Hollister, who started with a large flock of sheep of about 7,000 head, and arrived one year later in Los Angeles M'ith 3,000 head. A sister of ("olonel Hollister, Mrs. Brown, now a resident of Santa Bdrbara, was a member of the party, as was W. H. Perry, of this city. Colonel Hollister settled in Santa Barbara County, where he engaged for many years in the sheep business, improving his breeds and making a fortune thereby. Mr. Switzer has made Los Angeles County his home ever since his arrival. His business has been inainlv that of contractor and builder. In 1884 he moved to iiis mountain resort, thirteen miles north of the town of Pasadena, known as "Switzer's Camp." This romantic spot is about 3,300 feet above the sea-level, and is compara- tively easy of access by the "Solidad Grade," made many years ago. The top of the nearest mountain, which is accessible by trail from Switzer's, is abont 6,800 feet above the sea Switzer's Camp is much resorted to by persons who need a rare and dry atmosphere and pure mountain water. The view from there of the immense Los Angeles Valley, whicli spreads out like a great panorama below, is most charming. Mr. Switzer is held in the highest esteem by all who know him, for his genial sterling qualities. iARK SIBLEY SEVERANCE, Los An- geles, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, October 28, 1846. His lather, T. C. Severance, is a native of Shelburne Falls, Massa- . chusetts, and his mother, Caroline (Seymour) Severance, a native of Canandaigua, New York, is well known in literary circles throughout the country. He pursued his college-preparatory studies at the Roxbury Latin School in Boston; after leaving this school one of his tutors was Wendell Phillips Garrison, a sou of the cele- brated leader of the Abolitionists, William Lloyd Garrison. In 1869 he graduated at Harvard College. After spending a year in the South, he was appointed assistant librarian of Congress, under A. R. Spofford, the present librarian, and held that position three years. In 1872 he went on an exploring expedition conducted by (^eorge M. Wheeler, in Utah and Nevada; was a mem- ber of the engineer corps. In 1874 he came to Santa Bdrbara, where he acted as president of the Santa Barbara College for one year. Then he came to Los Angeles and invested in land in Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties. In 1878 he went to San Francisco and entered the employ of the Southern Pacific Railroad Com- pany, in which position he remained nine years. in 1883 he was appointed general agent for the IHSroUY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. company at Salt Lake City, and held that posi- tion four years, then resigning to give his at- rasl inter th rt of California. Mr. Severance, being a literary man, lias contributed articles to various magazines' and is the author of "Hammersmith," a book on college life. He has one of the most elegant homes iu Los Angeles, on Adams street, sur- rounded and characterized by every pleasant feature that culture and taste can suggest. He was married November 1, 1879, to Miss Annie, daughter of Hiram Crittenden, of St. Louis, and niece of Mrs. Mark Hopkins. Their two chil- dren are: Hattie, four and a half years old, and Marjorie, one and a half years of age, at this writing (March, 1889). PASCOM ASBURY STEPHENS was born in the town of Lockington, Shelby County, Ohio, on March 5, 1855. His father was William Humphreys Stephens, and his mother was Eleanor, daughter of Judge William Wirt Cecil, a lineal descendant of Sir William Cecil, the premier of Queen Elizabeth. His paternal grandfather, E. David Stephens, was a soldier in the war of 1812, serving in an Ohio regiment, and was a pioneer of Western Ohio. His great- grandfather was Joshua Stephens, who was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1733, of Welsh parents; was a soldier in the Revolution- ary war, after which he followed his kinsman, Daniel Boone, to Kentucky. In August, 1855, W. H. Stephens and family moved to Grundy County, Missouri, where they lived on a farm near the town of Trenton. In April, 1857, they started for California overland, making the trip in six months in ox teams, and while on the way suffered loss of considerable property from Indians and Mormons. Arriving in California in October, 1857, they lived a while in Amador and Solano counties, but finally settled in the town of Santa Clara, in order to give their chil- dren the advantages of the good schools at that place. Ili.s niotiicr died in Pt)rthind, Oregon, June 12, 1866, while on a visit to that city, and his father died in Santa Clara, December 9, 1879, at an advanced age, and possessed of a good estate. His father was married three times. By his first wife, 7iee Julia C. Lenox, he had two children, who still live. They are: Mrs. S. E. Frambes, of Alila, Tulare County, who, with her husband, Re\-. O. S. Frambes, founded the Los Angeles Academy in 1870, that afterward became the University of South- ern California; 11. W. Stephens, of San Jose, ex-county recorder of Santa Clara County. By his second wife, nee Eleanor Cecil, his surviving children are: C. C. Stephens, Esq., an attorney of Los Angeles; Mrs. V. P. S. Zumwalt, a school teacher, residing in Los Angeles; B. A. Stephens, of the same place. The last named graduated from the Santa Clara public schools iu 1870; attended college a short time; served nearly three years as assistant postmaster of Santa Clara, and then entered journalism in 1873, to which profession he has ever since been attached. Of late he has been devoted to his- torical work. September 8, 1878, he married Minerva M. Overshiner, by whom he has three children: Bascom Albert, born October 11, 1879; Minerva Eleanor, born January 3, 1882; William Asbury Gideon, born September 6, 1886. fR. JOSEPH SHAW was born in Boston, Massachusetts. After graduating from Yale College he came to California, in 1849, via the Isthmus. He was engaged in orange culture in Los Angeles for many years, having been a pioneer in that protitable and fascinating industry. He early went to Central America (Nicaragua) and brought orange seeds to Los Angeles to plant a nursery. From this nursery he planted and brought to bearing a large orchard, which for many years was very profit- able; besides selling to other orchardists a great number of young orange trees. He also was a successful grower of other fruits. February 1, HISTOllY UF LOS AJSfOELEti COUNTY. 1860, he married, in Philadelphia, Miss Harriet Fitzsiminons, daughter of John Fitzsiminons, long a resident of that city. Dr. and Mrs. Shaw had only one child, Augusta, now the wife of John AVeber, who, witli their two children, live near their mother. The Doctor died about 1880. June 8, 1887, Mrs. Shaw was married to Mr. G. P. Cuddeback, of Orange. aLLIAM W. SEAMAN was born in the village of Castile, in Western New York, in July, 1855. His father, Ezekiel Sea- man, was a physician, and a native of New York City; his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Akin, was a native of Delaware County, New York. When the subject of this sketch was in his sixth year, his parents removed to Scio, Allegany County, New York, and there, five years later, the father died. A year afterward the mother returned with her children to Cas- tile, and there William resided, attending the village school until he reached the age of six- teen. Then, anxious to seek his fortune in the West, he spent some time in Minnesota, Iowa and Wisconsin. After an absence of over a year, he returned to the East, and in 1875 he entered the New York State Normal School at Albany, from which he was graduated with honor in 1877. After two years, spent chiefly in teaching, he went to Colorado in search of a climate better suited to his health; and he was then for some time engaged in business, first at Fort Collins, Colorado, and afterward with his brother at Belvidere, Illinois. In the summer of 1881 Mr. Seaman came to California, and in January, 1882, he was appointed principal of the public school at Santa Monica. This posi- tion he retained until his election as county superintendent of schools, in the autumn of 1886. In the summer of 1884 he visited his native State, and on his return he brought a bride to his California home. He has one child, a di.ughter two years old. Mr. Seaman has been a very successful teacher, and an efficient superintendent, and all measures adapted to raise tlie standard and increase the efficiency of our public schools find in him a hearty supporter. j^ON. E. F. SPENCE, one of the leading IH) '^^"'^^'■^ *^"^ business men of Los Angeles "^M County, was born at Enniskillen, Ireland, December 22, 1832. His father, Gabriel Spence, was an owner of large tracts of farming lands and herds of cattle in the north of Ireland, and a man of influence and held various local posi- tions of trust and honor. Edward F. Spence re- ceived his early schooling from a private tutor, and when a youth acquired a practical knowl- edge of business affairs by assisting his father in the management of his extensive business. He emigrated to America in 1852, landing at New York. He soon went to Philadelphia, and near that city found employment on a farm at $10 a month. He soon renewed his journey westward and shipped for California via Nicara- gua, arriving in San Francisco in December, 1852. He later visited Sacramento, Marysville and Nevada City, at which latter place he spent seventeen years, where he for a time engaged in mining. He became physically impaired, how- ever, abandoned mining, studied pharmacy, entered the drug business and controlled an ex- tensive trade throughout that region of country for thirteen years, and took an active part in the local public affairs. In 1860 he represented his district in the California Legislature, and he also held the office of treasurer of Nevada County. After an extended trip to Europe he located at San Jose in 1869 and re-engaged in the drug trade. He became largely interested in the San Jose Savings Bank as a stockholder and took an active part in its management. In 1872 he be- came one of the organizers of the Commercial Bank of San Diego and its cashier, which under his management it is needless to say was soon made a success. This institution was afterward merged into the present Consolidated National Bank of San Diego. In 1875 Mr. Spence with UISTOHY OK LOS ANGELKS COUNTY. otliers established the Commercial Bank of Los Angeles and he became its cashier. The First National Bank of Los Angeles was organized in 1880, whicli enterprise absorbed the Commer- cial Bank of Los Angeles. Mr. Speace in 1881 resigned his position of cashier to succeed Mr. J. E. Ilollenbeck who, owing to failing health, resigned the presidency, and since that time Mr. Spence has been at the head of its affairs. Mr. Spence is also president of the Savings Bank of Southern California, president of the Southern California Lisurance Company, vice-president of the Pasadena Na- tional Bank, vice-president of the State Loan' and Trust Company of Los Angeles, and stockholder and director in several other banks of Southern California. In politics Mr. Spence is a Republican; has represented the third ward of Los Angeles in the city council, and served as chairman of the iinance committee during his first term, and was president of the council the second year. In the fall of 1884 he was elected mayor of the city by a handsome majority, and made a most efficient and popular executive. Mr. Spence is largely interested in Los Angeles County real estate outside of the city, and now resides at Whittier, 'where he is a heavy property liolder, and has a beautiful home. He is a lib- eral and public-spirited man. Among his acts of public beneficence is the contribution of $50,000 for the mounting of the greatest teles- cope in the world on the summit of Wilson's Peak, over 6,000 feet above-sea level, and the nearest peak to Los Angeles. fDULJEE SOUABJEE, the Parsee, is a native of Bombay, East India, where he was born March 16, 1852. His ancestors were driven out of Persia by the Saracens over 1,250 years ago; and a few hundred people of the Parsee faith fled to India, where tiiey were permitted to settle by the Hindoo king, only on condition that they would change their language and dress and adopt the customs of tlie Hindoos in regard to the marriage ceremony, and prom- ise not to kill the cow, and promise also to fight the Mahomedans whenever they invaded the country. These promises, made by their fore- fathers so many hundred years ago, the modern Parsees of India claim their race have ever kept in good faith. Mr. Sorabjee, the subject of this sketch, who has become a permanent settler of Los Angeles, and who is besides a naturalized citizen of the United States, and, as he believes, the only person of the Parsee faith and Per- sian origin, was educated in Bombay, where there are schools in which the Oriental lan- guages are taught. He speaks five languages, viz.: Goozrati, Deccan (Murathi), Hindoostani, Persian and English. When still a young man he was sent to Manchester, England, where he lived nine years, to learn mechanical engineer- ing and cotton-spinning, by his god-father. Sir Dinshaw Manockjee, Petit, C. S. 1., who is one of the chief manufacturers of Bombay, and a man of great wealth and intelligence, and of high social standing. The latter owns several large cotton mills, one of which contains 100,000 spindles and 3,000 looms, and employs over 2,000 operatives. This enlightened Parsee is renowned in India for his princely charities, which he dispenses to the needy without regard to their race, caste or creed, and for which Queen Victoria created him a baronet. Mr. Sorabjee, after Hnishing his education in England, went back to India three times to superintend the shipment of machinery that he Iiad been au- thorized to purchase in England for his god- father's mills. His shipments included mam- moth Inglis & Spencer's Corless Engines, one of which was of 4,000 horse-power. Mr. Sorabjee's health giving way in the damp climate of Lan- cashire, his doctor ordered him to cjuit England and return to Bombay, which Mr. S. says is healthy, but not at all equal to the all-the-year- round liealthful and agreeable climate of Los Angeles, which he thinks is the most perfect in the world. Since he came here he has en- tirely recovered his health without the uee of medicine. Having lieard of Los Angeles in UISTOBT OP LOS ANGELES GOUNTT. England, and having a liking for liberty and equality and a republican form of government, he came to Los Angeles instead of going back to live in India. He came in 1885, and expects to make Los Angeles his future home. Mr. Sorabjee has been twice married, both times to Christian women, although he liimself remains true (in essentials) to his hereditary faith. After the death of his first wife (who was an English woman) and their child, both on account of the climate of England, he married in Manchester, in 1883, Miss Mary Norris, his present wife, by whom he has two children, one born in Eng- land aTid one born here in East Los Angeles, where he has a beautiful home, surrounded by flowers and slirubbery. Over the entrance to his grounds is inscribed, " Bombay LL)USc." Mr. S'orabjee is a thorough man of the world, and there is little in his manner or speech to distin- guish him from a cultured Englishman or Amer- ican. In regard to the religious creed of the Parsces, Mr. Sorabjee says they believe in one, and one only, Supreme Being. They have been called the Unitarians of India. "Think well speak well, do well," are the fundamental )iiax- ims of Zoroasterism, for tliey are followers of Zoroaster's teachings, who flourished 2,000 years before the Christian era. Prof. Max Miiller, the oriental scholar, calls Zoroaster " the great health ofticer," because his teachings seem to have had special reference to the good health of the ]>eople. According to the creed of the Parsees, the four elements, fire, air. earth and water, are sacred. Fire, or the sun, which in prayer they face, are kept sacred by them, as symbols only of God; they are not fire- worshipers any more than Christians are worshipers of their sacred symbols; in each case the worshiper looks heyond the symbol, to the great Intelligence thereby faintly typified. The Parsees believe that the four elements should not be contaminated, there- fore they do not dispose of the bodies of their dead by cremation, aquation or inhumation, but place them in "Towers of Silence," to perish by desiccation, as being the most innocuous mode of resolving them into their ori'Mual elements. Parsees in India are not eaters of the flesh of the cow only in deference to the promise made by their ancestors to the Hindoos, who hold that animal as sacred, which they are forbidden to kill. But the Parsees, even in India, do eat the flesh of other animals, the satne as the Hebrews. If Mr. Sorabjee were to return to Bombay he could enter the service of his god-father at a very high salary, but he likes America too well; he prefers liberty to caste, and the climate of Los Angeles to that of any other part of the world. " ILLIAM A. SPALDING was born in Ann Arbor, the university town of Michigan, October 3, 1852. His early years were passed in that place, and, at the age of thirteen, he removed, with his parents, to Kansas City, Missouri. He became a pupil iu Spalding's Commercial College, an institution founded by his father and elder lirother, and, after graduating, with the degree of R. M., as- sumed the position of tutor in the college. His first essay in the field of newspaperdom was in connection with the Kansas City Journal of Commerce, taking the position of mailing clerk while he was still a mere lad. By steady appli- cation to business for several years lie worked his way to the position of book-keeper and cashier. This was finally given up to enable him to resume study, and in the fall of 1871 he matriculated in the University of Michigan for the Latin-scientific course. His University studies were interrupted, however, before grad- uation, by sickness and financial reverses, and, returning to Kansas City, he applied himself for some years to book-keeping for a manufact- uring establishment. In February, 1874, follow- ing the great financial crash throughout the East, he migrated to California, figuratively hang- ing tow on the bushes and seeking his fortune on the Pacific Coast. Directly upon his arrival in Los Angeles, in March, 1874, he found em- ployment on the Herald in the capacity of re- S s UISrORT OF LOS ANGELKti COUNTY. porter. He remained with that pap^ several years, becoming successively city editor, book- keeper and bnsiness manager. Subsequently he did service On the Eoening Express as city ed- itor and J3W tempore editor and manager. His health breaking down under the strain of ex- cessive and unremitting work, he resigned his position on tlie Express in 1880 and devoted liimself to iinprijving a fruit farm on the Sierra Madre foot-hills. Here he accomplished the double purpose of making a beautiful country home and regaining his iiealtli. Some of his e.vp^riences are embodied in a treatise entitled, "The Orange; its Culture in California." This wa-i published serially and in book form; has been e.xtensively circulated and is still regarded as a standard work on orange culture. In 1884 Mr. Spalding resumed iiis connection with the daily press, becoming a member of the staff of the Los Angeles Times. His fortunes are still allied with that paper, toward the building up of which he has lent his best energies. He is a stockholder, director and secretary of the com- pany and fills the position of city editor. Dur- ing the sunshine of tiie great boom Mr. Spald- ing made a fair crop of hay, and he is therefore in very comfortable circumstances. He has a pleasant home on Temple street, graced and made happy by a wife and five children. Mr. Spalding is scholarly, very industrious, and has done good and exceedingly valuable editorial and literary work during his residence in Los Angeles. ?)i^^ fH. SCHENCK, corner of Euclid avenue and Willie street, Los Angeles, was born ** in the city of Brooklyn, New York, son of Peter and Jane (Meserole) Schenck. His an- cestors were of the old Knickerbocker family, and for six generations have lived on Long Island. The subject of this sketch received his education in his native State, came to Califor- nia in 1874 and engaged in business here, re- maining five years; tiien lie went to San Diego and remained one year, and finally came to Los Angeles. He returned to New York and for several years was engaged in business there and next went to Colorado, where he was superin- tendent of mines for three years. In 1884 he came to Los Angeles, wiiere he has carried on mercantile bnsiness until the present year. He purchased a tract of land at Boyle Heights, one of the most eligible locations in Los Angeles, and erected a large, commodious and attractive house. Mr. Schenck's first wife was Miss Susan Mall, a native of London, England, but reared from infancy in Boston. She died, leaving one daughter, Ada. His present wife was Miss Celia Maijnus, a native of London, England. fj. SPENCER, a farmer near Long Beach, has been closely identified with the bust ® interests of Los Angeles County since 1876. He is a native of the " Keystone State" and was born in Warren County, September 3, 1824. Mr. Spencer traces his origin back to the English, and is the youngest and only living child in a family of thirteen children, the sou of Abuer and Betsey (Lawrence) Spencer, na- tives of New York State. His father was a worthy citizen and tiller of the soil. He died in Oil City, Pennsylvania, aged eighty-six years, having been born February 7, 1777. The sub- ject of this sketch had the advantages of the common schools of his native State. He is one of the few natural-born musicians, and has taught vocal music. On the 13th day of March, 1845, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah B. Olliver, a native of England, born March 24, 1826, and the daughter of John and Mary (Chapman) Olliver. The}' came to America when Sarah was but a child, and located in Syra- cuse, New York, where Mr. Olliver farmed and gardened for a number of years, when he moved from Syracuse, New York, and subsequently to Warren County, Pennsylvania. He died in Ce- dar County, Iowa, at the residence of his son, George C. Olliver. Mr. and Mrs Spencer have HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Lad an interesting i'ainily of nine children, all liv- ing but the oldest. They are: Delwin W. who died in the hospital at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, having enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry; Ellen A., now the wile of II. W. Tiinmons; Jane IL, wife of John T. JMarraniore; Claia S., wife of Richard King; Flora B., wife of C. K. Mattesoii; Sum- ner L., who married Ncoska M. Garrison; El- mer E., Willoughby D. and Myrtle A. Both Mr. Spencer and his wife are highly esteemed members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is one of the true benefactors of the race, kind to the sufiering, and helpful to those in need. The hospitality of his home has been sharid by many, and he has a welcoJiie for all. Mr. Spencer has recently erected a very neat and commodious residence on his land near Long Beach. The location is one of the most beautilul on the coast, overlooking, as it does, the town and the ocean with its shipping be- yond. The writer's attention Mas called to quite an interesting fact in connection with the nuis- ery business as conducted by Mr. Spencer in San Bernardino County. lie relates that he grew 8,000 peach trees from the seed, thirteen feet high in si.\ months. This fact was attested to by hundreds who came to see it. Many lead- ing journals in this country and in England published accounts of this. The London Times and Ifews had thousands of letters seeking in- formation of this wonderful country, all express- ing astonishment that such a thing was possible. tAFAYETTE SAU^DEKS, a farmer, stock and fruit raiser on farm lots 93 and 106 of the old American Colony tract of the Cer- nitus Eanch, came to Los Angeles County in 1876, and located first at Anaheim, where helived four years. He then purchased forty-five acres of fine land and moved to where he now lives. This place he has put under the highest state of culti- vation. Mr. Saunders was born in Perry County, Illinois, in 1845, and is the son of Thomas and Jemima Saunders, natives of Virginia and Ten- nessee respectively, and of French and German origin. Lafayette is the youngest of a family of three children, and received a common- schoo education. In 1870 he chose for his partner through life Miss Sarah Montgomery, a native of the same county and State as himself. She is the daughter of Eobert and Savina Mont- gomery, natives of the Buckeye State, and of Scotch extraction. Mr. and Mrs. Saunders have been blessed with four children: Rosetta, Charles Weston, Albert Wort, and Frances Jennetta. Mr. Saunders volunteered in the service of his country in 1864, in the One Hundred and Thirty- sixth Illinois Volunteers, and served four months. Politically he is a Republican, and is a man whom his neighbors and all who know hiin, respect and esteem. ^^- fAPTAIN HEN RY F. SHORTING, of the firm of Herbert & Shorting, proprietors of Boyle Heights Nursery, was born in Suf- folk, England, January 15, 1847. His father was a prominent clergyman in the established church, and his mother's brother is the rector of the ancient and well-known Ross Church, Llereford shire, England. The subject of this sketch was educated at Tonhridge Castle, Kei;t, and went into the army when veiy young. Afterward he left the service and engaged in business in London. During the Zulu war he went to South Africa and served with distinction during the campaign of 1878-'79 as Captain and Adjutant of Baker's Horse. He returned to England in 1882, and the following year came to America and settled in Virginia. In 1887 he came to Los Angeles and became in- terested in his present business with Mr. Her- bert, giving his attention to the management of the nursery, making a specialty of raising shade- trees of all descriptions, particularly the euca- lyptus, blue gum, cypress, pepper and palm. Mr. Shorting takes very practical views of the value of shade-trees as an investment, anil HlbTOUY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. demonstrated that lots with a cypress fence or with shade trees around them will sell at any time for from §50 to $100 mure than if unim- proved. The Boyle Heights Nursery is one of the largest growers of gum trees in Southern California. fUDGE EliSKlNE MAYO KOSS was born at Belpre, Culpepper County, Virginia, June 30, 1845, he being the fourth of five children — four boys and one girl. Two of his brothers and the one sister are still living in Virginia. One brother was killed in battle near Richmond. Judge Ross's ancestors on his father's side were English, and on his mother's side Scotch. His father's name w-as William Bnckner Ross, and his mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Mayo Thorn. J udge Ross's early days were spent with his parents at their home, which was called Belpro (Beautiful Meadow). The first school he attended was one established by a few neighbors for the benefit of their chil- dren. Subsequently, when about ten years old, he went to a military school at Culpepper Court- house, where he continued most of the time un- til the summer of 1860, when he entered the Virginia Military Institute, an institute modeled after AVest Point. At the outbreak of the war the corps of cadets of that institution was or- dered to Camp Lee, at Richmond, which they reached the night of the day Virginia seceded. The corps was the first to arrive there, and the cadets, of which Ross was one, were put to drill- ing the raw recruits as they came in. Like most of the others, Ross was too young to be mustered into the army, but he acted as a Lieu- tenant in various commands, and was in several battles on the Confederate side. In 1863 his father insisted that he should return to the institute, which he did. In 1864 the Confed- erates were in such straits that the corps of cadets was again ordered out, and as a body took part in the battle of New Market, sustain- ing' a loss of fiftv-five killed and wounded outol' a total number of 190. At the close of the war young Ross returned to the insti'tute and grad- uated in 1865. In 1868 he came to Los An- geles County, California, to engage in the study of the law in the ofiice of his uncle, Cameron E. Thom, having but $66.50 remaining of a few hundred dollars he borrowed to come to Califor- nia. On May 7, 1874, he was married to Miss Ynez Hannah Bettis; and March 30, 1875, there was born to them a son, Robert Erskine Ross, who is still living. In politics Judge bioss is a Democrat, and he is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1869 he was admitted to the bar of the District Court of Los Angeles County, and in 1875 to the bar of the Supreme Court of the State. In 1879 he was elected justice of the Supreme Court of the State of California, and having drawn one of the short terms, he was,, in 1882, again elected to the Snpreme Bench of the State for a tern) of twelve years. In 1886 Judge Ross resigned his seat on the Supreme Bench, his resignation taking efi'ect October 1 of that year, and resumed the practice of law at Los Angeles. Two months later he was appointed by President Cleveland Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, then lately created, which position he still holds, but for which he was not a candidate when appointed. As a horticulturist Judge Robs has done some- thing, having invested most of the money he made in the practice of his profession and some that he borrowed, in clearing land and planting an orange orchard on the San Rafael Rancho, in Los Angeles County. The place he has estab- lished he calls Rossmoyne; and on it he has now, in vigorous condition, something over seventy acres in orange trees, the oldest of which are about seventeen years old. He has also planted there about eighteen acres in olives, and some lemons, and he contemplates increasing the planting of each. Judge Ross has always stood high as a man, as a lawyer, and as a judge. He has that sensitive regard for natural justice which is the crowning glory of the judge, and without which no justice is thoroughly equipped. UISrORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. however learned he may be in the law, or however brilliant he may be intellectually Judge Ross's record on the Supreme Bench of this State was most admirable; and to the people of Southern California his occupancy of a seat thereon for some seven years was most useful, be- cause of his intimate knowledge of the distinctive economic interests of this part of our great com- monwealth, including the vital question of water, or irrigation. His influence with his brother justices in these matters was exceedingly valu- able, and it must be gratifying to liim to know that his services were appreciated by our people. The high qualities exhibited by Jndge Ross on the Supreme Bench plainly indicated his fitness for the position of United States District Judge, when the Southern District of California was established by Congress; and his appointment by President Cleveland without solicitation was but giving expression to the general voice that he was the man for that place. Judge Ross is still in the prime of life; and he has a pros- pect of a useful and glowing future before him. tC. SEXTON, one of the substantial farm- ers of Compton Township, was born near * Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1852. His parents were Richard K. and Ann (Shepard) Sexton, the former a native of the Buckeye State. They came by steamer route to California in 1853, first locating in Amadore County, where Mr. Sexton engaged in farming for ten years. He then continued the same occupation in Sonoma County for four years, after which he moved to Santa Barbara County, where he died in 1876, his wife having died there in 1870. Their family consisted of seven children, the subject of this sketch being the youngest. Mr. Sexton engaged in the sheep business in Ventura County, and subsequently in farming. He has been twice married; first in Ventura County, in 1880, to Miss Ellen E. Williams, a native of California and a daughter of Franklin "Williams. By her he had one child. May Augusta. Mrs. Sexton died in 1883, and in 1885 Mr. Sexton was united in marriage with Miss Emma Bis- bee, also a native of the Golden State, and the daughter of Riley Bisl)ee. Of this last union two children have been l)orn, Grace Ellen and Louis Glenn. The subject of this sketch is the owner of a fine farm of 110 acres of land two and one-half miles northwest of the city of Compton. This land is very productive and well improved, the principal crops being barley, alfalfa and blue-gum trees; of the latter there are extensive groves, some of the trees at four years of age being ten inches in diameter and from forty to sixty feet high. His residence is nicely located among the evergreens, and in this calm retreat Mr. and Mrs. Sexton are enjoying the comforts of their pleasant home and the confidence and esteem of all who know them. >. SlIAWG, of San Fernando, was born in Mason County, West Vir- ® ginia, February 6, 1841. He is a son of Dr. W. H. and Hannah (Sherwood) Shawg, both natives of New York State. The Shawg family came originally from Gerniany, and the name was formerly written Cliawk. Dr. W. H. Shawg reared a family of sixteen children, nine daughters and seven sons. The father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and one of his sons was in the Mexican war. The subject of this sketch served in the late war four years and six n'lonths. He enlisted in Company D, Fourth Cavalry Volunteers, and was mustered out at San Francisco. When he came to California in 1860, it was as a driver of an ox team across the plains. He subsequently went back to Van Buren, Iowa, his former home, and remained ten years. During that time he served as deputy sheriff and marshal. In 1872 he was married to Miss Abbie Slaughter, of Van Bnren County, Iowa, and together they soon set out for the Golden State. Miss Abbie Slaughter originated from the Slaughters, of whom there were three brothers who came across in the Mayflower, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTT. November 21, 1620, and landed on Plymouth Eock, December 21. He has been in business in San Fernando since 1876, and has been very successful. He owns several lots in the town and some good buildings. Politically Mr. Shawg affiliates with the Republican party, and has been elected to the office of constable and has served as school trustee for live years. Mr. and Mrs. Shawg have four sons: Hurbert S., Robert E., Frank O. and Raymond. ^-^--^ fHRlSTOPHER C. STEELE.— The subject of this sketch is a resident of Savannah, where he is the owner of fifty acres of rich and productive land which he is devoting to gen- eral farming. He purchased his farm in 1883 and has made all improvements since that date, building cottage residence, barns, etc. Twenty acres of his land produce from ten to twelve tons of alfalfa per acre each year. His grain land is yielding sixty bushels of barley per acre, which shows a high state of cultivation. His improved stock is worthy of notice, comprising Jersey cattle and tine specimens of horses of Ben Wade and Hamiltonian stock. Mr. Steele is a native of Franklin County, Arkansas, dat- ing his birth May 28, 1844. His parents were John and Elizabeth W. (Ray) Steele, natives of Tennessee. His father was a farmer, and to that calling the subject of this sketch was reared un- til the breaking out of the war in 1861. In June of that year, although less than eighteen years of age, he enlisted in the service of his State and entered the Arkansas Cavalry. Mr. Steele served in the Confederate army tlirough- ont the war, and participated in some of the hardest-fought battles of the Southwest, among which were Oak Hill, Wilson's Creek, Corinth, Farmington, Shiloh, Hatchie Bridge, Vicks- bnrg. Baker's Creek, (irand Gulf and others. An earnest supporter of what he believed a just cause, he fought bravely, and he will carry the marks of his valor to his grave, as he was wounded no less than seven times during serv- ice. At the close of tlie war he returned to agricultural pursuits in his native State, cheer- fully accepting the result and earnestly aiding in the establishment of peace throughout an undivided country. In 1866 he married Miss Catherine P. Anderson, a native of Arkansas. Her parents were P. N. and Jane (Stanford) Anderson, also natives of that State. Mr. Steele continued his farming operations in Ar- kansas until 1883, when he came to Los An- geles County, and took up his present residence. He is a desirable acquisition to any community and has the respect of his associates. He is a consistent member of the Methodist Church- Politically he has for years been allied with the Democratic party, but is a strong Prohibitionist in principle and an earnest vyorker in that cause. The eight living children of Mr. and Mrs. Steele are: James H., Elizabeth J., Mattie L., Robert E., Josephine N., Jessie A., Frederick A. and De Barth. Elizabeth married Edward T. Briggs and is now a resident of Los Angeles. . ^>3-'^ J. S II RODE, a worthy citizen of Los Angeles County, and a farmer residing ' on lot No. 75 of the American Colony tract, of the Ceritus Ranch, came to California in 1871 from Hopkins County, Texas. This journey was made overland by the typical mode of travel at that time, the ox team, and in com- pany with his father and eight other families. Mr. Shrode was born in Indiana in 1848, and is the sou of D. K. and Malinda Shrode, both natives of the Hoosier State. He is the oldest of a family of seven children, five of whom are still living. His mother departed this life in 1863. The subject of this sketch took for his helpmate and partner through life Mrs. Orpha Rogers, a native of Illinois, and daughter of Peter Teal. This union has been blessed with five children, viz.: Willis, John, Algie, Mark and Bessie. Mrs. Shrode also had three children l)y her former marriage. Mr. Shrodft is an intelligent and onteri>rising gentleman. msrORY OF LOS. ANOELES COUNTY. By that keen foresight and good judtrment vvliicli characterize so many of the early settlers of Cali- fornia, he has made good investments and has traded successfully in real estate. His first pur- chase here was twenty-five acres in oranges in 1872. To this he has added until he is the owner of eighty acres of tine land. '^^^^ fllAKLES II. SHOREY.— Among the ear- lier and well-known residents of the Azusa is the subject of this sketcli. Mr. Shorey was born in Penobscot County, Maine, in 1844, ills parents being Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Ilurd) Shorey, both natives of that State. His fatiier was a farmer by occupation, and in 1850 moved his family to Wisconsin, locating in Juneau County, where he engaged in agricult- ural pursuits. Mr. Shorey was reared upon his father's farm and received his education in the schools of that county. Upon reaching his ma- jority he engaged in the lumber business with his brother, Philip Shorey, upon the Wisconsin Kiver. Their mills were located at Necedah, Wisconsin, where they also liad a general mer- chandise store. Mr. Shorey successfully pur- sued his business enterprises in that State until 1875. In that year he came to Los Angeles County, California, and located at the Azusa, in the East San Gabriel Yalley, near the Citrus postoffice, about four miles southwest of the present site of Glendora. There Mr. Shorey purchased 120 acres of land and entered into agricultural pursuits. He also established a grocery store at that point, which he conducted until 1879. He then closed out his store and went to Arizona, and for the next two years he was actively engaged in mining enterprises in the Tombstone district. In the fall of 1880 he returned to his farm and resumed his farming operations, which he conducted upon a large scale, renting some 1,500 or 2,000 acres each year, which he devoted to grain cultivation. He also, on his home place, engaged in horti- cultural pursuits, planting citrus fruits, etc. In 188(3 Mr. Shorey sold out his land and took up his residence upon the farm of his brother, Philip Shorey, located one mile west of Glen- dora, and has since resided upon that place. His long residence and business operations in the East San Gabriel Valley have made him well and favorably known throughout that section of the county, and gained him a large circle of friends. Mr. Shorey is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity and still retains his membership in the Zera Lodge of Necedah, Wisconsin. In political matters he is a straight Republican, lie has never married. Ilis comfortable home is presided over by his mother. fHOMAS A. SMITH.— Among the well- known residents of Gladstone is the subject of this sketch. He is a native of Warren- ton, Warren County, Missouri, born April 11, 1853. He is the son of Conrad A. Smith, a native of Germany, who emigrated to the United States in 1834, went to St. Louis, and shortly after settled in Warren County, Missouri, at the place where the thriving city of Warrenton was afterward built. Mr. Smith was one of the pioneers of that jilace, early establisliing himself in the boot and shoe business, which he con- ducted for more than forty years. He was a prominent man in the city and county, and was elected mayor of Warrenton for three terms. In politics he was Democratic, but was a strong Union man during the war of the Rebellion. Mr. Smith married in Missouri, Miss Rhoda Davis. She was from a prominent family of Missouri, and the cousin of the late Bishop E. M. Marvin, a celebrated divine of the Southern Methodist Church. She died in 1844, leaving two children, of whom one was sixteen, the other thirty-three years of age at the time of their death respectively. Mr. Smith's second mar- riage was with Miss Polly Chiles, a native of Alabama. She died in 1877, leaving the follow- ing children: Rhoda, who died in infancy; Phebe M., who is now Mrs. William Roberts, BISTORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. of Azusa; and Thomas A., the subject of this sketch. Thomas A. Stnitli was reared in his native cit}', tind given the advantages of a good education, closing his studies at the Central Wesleyan College in AV^arrenton, after a four years' course. After completing his schooling he entered his father's store, and learned the trade of a boot and shoe maker, and then learned the tobacconist's trade and also photography and telegraphy. But he confined his occupation mostly to the hoot and shoe trade, and became a thorough workman. lie remained in Warren- ton until June, 1878, and then came to California. After a short stay in Los Angeles he located in Downey, where he remained until November of that year, when he purchased five acres of land at the Azusa, and took up his residence about one-half mile north of the present town of Glad- stone, upon Citrus avenue. There he engaged in his callingas a boot and shoe maker, and also occu- pied himself in horticultural pursuits and in improving his land. In 1881 his father joined him and purchased a ten-acre tract. Mr. Smith is now living upon a pre-emption tract of an acre and a half, located about one-half mile east of (xladstone. This irregularly shaped piece of land was acquired by him from the United States under the pre-emption laws, and is said to be the smallest grant ever made by the Government uu*-'-V^*«^-^+-'— tW. SWANFELDT, manufacturer of tents, awnings, wagon-covers, flags, etc., Los * Angeles, was born in Sweden, vVugust 5, 1847, attended school in his native country, served an apprenticeship as a sail-maker four years in Norway, followed the sea for a time, came to America and settled in Galveston, Texas, where he followed his trade several years. He was in that city for about twenty years, altogether. Mr. Swanfeldt was engaged at sail- JTISTORV OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. iiiakitui until 1887, wIumi lie caine to California and estal)!is]ied his business in Los Angeles. Bj his long, practical experience and close at- tention to business he has built up a good trade. In 1873 Mr. Swanfeldt married Miss Caroline Anderson, a native of Sweden, and they have live children: Alice, Axoline, Andrew, .John and Willie. ~^'€©:©1^-^ — tNDllEW SNVDEU, proprietor of the Vernon Nurseries, Wilmington avenue, Los Angeles, was born in Ohio, April 8, 1848. The ne.xt jear the fahiilj moved to Win- nebago County, Illinois, upon a farm. In Feb- ruary, 1879, he came to Los Angeles and at once engaged in his present bnsiness. His nurs- eries are located in Vernou, four miles from Los iingeles, where he raises all his own stock, consisting of all kinds of fruit trees, shade and ornameutal trees, flowers, roses, etc. He has orders from all parts of the State, and even from Arizona and .\ew Mexico. His devotion to this fascinating business has earned for hi a high reputation. C. STONE, teacher of music, Los An- geles, is a native of Scranton, Penn- [® sylvania. He early in life developed a taste for music, and after attending the com- mon schools of his town, he entered the State Normal School at Mansfield, Pennsylvania, taking music in addition to the literary course, going from there to the Osceola Music School at Osceola, Tioga County, Pennsylvania. There lie pursued his musical studies for a time, after which he was engaged in teaching for several years in his native State and Wisconsin. He subsequently pursued a course of study at the College of Music in Cincinnati. In 1883 Mr. Stone came to California and located in Los Angeles, where he engaged in teaching music, and since tlien lias been actively identified with the musical interests of this city and county. He is one of the ■ original members of the Seventh Regiment Band, and is also a member of the Seventh Regiment Orchestra. fA. SAIJM, contractor, builder and jobber, Los Angeles, was born in Van Wert '* County, Ohio, April 9, 1856. His father, also a native of Ohio, removed to Iowa in 1860, and after the war broke out enlisted and served nearly two years; was severely injured in unload- ing a car of powder when the train was on fire. After leaving the service he returned to his native State. The subject of this sketch attended school in Lima, Ohio, six years, and learned the cooper's trade with liis father. Not liking tliat business, he learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, and followed it for a time, and then en- gaged in building. In April, 1885, he went to Kansas, where he lived until September, 1886, when he came to Los Angeles. Since then he has been engaged in contracting and building. He has a large jobbing trade, amounting the past year to between $15,000 and §20,000, and his success is owing to his energy and close attention to business. In 1886 Mr. Saum mar- ried Miss Nellie Fender, of the State of Michi- gan. They have one daughter, whose name is Dollie. fORDAN STONE, dealer in lime, plaster and cement, 239 East Second street, Los Angeles. This business was established in 1887, and the same year Mr. Stone became pro- prietor. The lime sold by him is manufactured on the Santa Cruz Mountains. There are four different companies on the Santa Cruz Range, but this is the only agency of the Cienega Com- pany in Southern California, and is controlled by Mr. Stone. The lime is of a superior qual- ity and commands the iiighest price in tiie market, and Mr. Stone has established a large niSTOHY OF LOS AN0BLE8 COUNTY. trade with an increasing demand. Mr. Stone was born in Virginia, March 10, 1838, and re- ceived his education in his native State. Upon the breaking out of the Kebellion he entered tlie Confederate strvice, and was wounded in the battle of the Wilderness and also in the en- gagements around Petersburg. He served with distinction until the close of the war, then removed to North Carolina and engaged in his chosen profession, journalism. In this he has had an experience of twenty-five years, and most of the time he has been in charge of a daily paper. He established the Raleigh News, and it was conducted by him for many years; aiid he was for twelve years editor of the Ash- ville Cithen. For two years he held the office of State Printer. On account of ill health from overwork, he came to California and settled in Los Angeles, taking the agency he now holds, and has regained his health in this genial cli- mate. In 1873 he married Miss Martha Welch, of Alabama, and they have four children: Fan- nie J., Mattie J., Jordan, Jr., and Willie. all ILLIAM M. SNODUY.— Among the representative farm properties in the beautiful San Gabriel Valley is that of the subject of this sketch. This highly culti- vated and productive iarm comprises 155 acres of bottom land located in the Savanna school district, about one and a half miles north and west of the old town of El Monte. Among the noticeable improvements is a fine vineyard of thirty acres, devoted to wine grapes of the Bla\ielba variety, from which a high grade of white wine is manufactured. The rich sandy loam upon which his grapes are grown seems especially adapted to producing the finest of wine grapes. Little or no irrigation has ever been used on his vineyard, but a thorough and careful cultivation has been adopted, which has given the best of results. His family orchard) of both citrus and deciduous fruits, shows that great profit could be secured should he turn his attention to that branch of horticulture. Eight acres of alfalfa, even without irrigation, yield six or seven crops each year, aggregating from ten to twelve tons per acre. The most of Mr. Snoddy's lands are devoted to general farming and stock-raising, yielding bountiful crops of hay and cereals and supporting his stock. Among the latter are Jersey cattle, and draft and road horses of the Norman and Echo breeds. Mr. Snoddy is a native of Boone County, Mis- souri, born in 1843. Llis parents, John W. and Sarah (Beattie) Snoddy, were both natives of that State. His youth was spent on his father's farm, and when only thirteen years of age — at which time the death of his mother occurred, in 1856 — he commenced life upon his own account by engaging as a clerk in a store at St. Joseph, Missouri. He followed that occupation until 1864, and then came overland to California. The first year in the State was spent in Sacra- mento, and in 1865 he located in San Jose and there engaged in peddling and trading at Alma- den, and on the road irom San Jose to that place. He also engaged in agricultural pursuits, rent- ing the farm of A. Weller, at Milpitas. Mr. Snoddy was successful in his enterprises in that county, and in 1869 he closed his business and came to Los Angeles County, and in 1870 pur- chased from the owners of the San Francis. Quito Ranch his present lands and residence, since which he has devoted his attention to agri- cultural pursuits. This land was then in a com- paratively wild and uncultivated state, with no improvements except a small house. His years of labor, directed by sound practical sense and business principles, secured him a well-deserved success, placing him among the leading agri- culturists of his section and gaining him the respect and esteem of his associates. He is a member of El Monte Lodge, No. 188, A. O. U. W. In politics he is a liberal and conservative Democrat, allied with the best elements of that party. In 1873 Mr. Snoddy was united in marriage with Miss Samantha J. Tibbet, the daughter of Jonathan and Phebe Tibbet, for- merly of Ohio, but pioneers and residents of IIISTORy OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Los Angeles County. They have three children : John B., Mary E. and Nina I. Mr. Snoddy's father is a pioneer of California, coining to the State in 1849. He is now a re.-ident of Los Angeles County. -€^- this flllLIP SIIOKEY.— The subject sketch is a native of Maine, dating his hiitb in Penobscot County, in 1838. His father, Nathaniel Sliorey, was also a native of that State and a farmer by occupation. His mother, nee Elizabeth Hurd, was a descendant from a well-known family of Maine. Mr. Shorey was early in life inured to the labors attending farm operations in New England. Li 1850 his father emigrated to Wisconsin, and located in Juneau County, where he took up Government land and engaged in farming ana stock-raising. Mr. Shorey remained with his father until he reached his majority, and then engaged in busi- ness on his own account. He began in the pineries on the Wisconsin River and gradually increased his operations, building steam mills at Necedah, and also establishing a store at that point. B'or a portion of the time his brother, Charles H. Shorey, was associated with him in his enterprise. Mr. Shorey successfully con- ducted his various enterprises in Wisconsin until 1877. In that year he came to California and located in the Azusa Township, Los Angeles County, where he purchased eighty acres of land about one mile west of the present town of Glendora, and there he engaged in agricultural pursuits. Since that date he has increased his acreage until at the present writing (1889) he is the owner of 212 acres. At the time of his purchase there was only five acres of his land that was cleared; and his land, now producing rich harvests of grain, was then a rank growth of cactus and brush. Mr. Shorey as yet has not devoted much attention to horticulture, but his orange grove of about one acre and a family orchard of deciduous fruits are producing some of the finest fruits grown in the Upper San Gabriel Valley, and attest the fact that he has one of the finest locations for horticultural pur- suits to be found in his section. He has de- veloped a water supply of some four inches in the canons to the north of his lands, which can be increased to twenty inches when required. The most of his land that is cleared is de- voted to hay and grain, and is yielding rich harvests. Mr. Shorey is an intelligent and en- ergetic man, schooled to business habits. These characteristics applied to his present calling are insuring his success and he is destined to build up one of the representative farms of his sec- tion. He is well known and respected in the community in which he resides, and is a strong supporter of any enterprise that will advance the interests of his chosen section. He is a trustee of the Glendora school district, and lib- eral in his support of both schools and churches. In political matters he is a consistent Eepubli- can. In 1866 Mr. Shorey married Miss Melvina A. Schoff, a native of New York. Her parents were Jesse and Mary (Beinan) Schoff, both na- tives of that State. From thi.~ marriage there are three children living, viz.: Edith M., now Mrs. Charles Lee, of Florence, Los Angeles County; Harry G. and Arthur E., who are mem- bers of their father's household. The second child, Alta E., died in 1881, at the age of eleven years. tD. SALE AND J. W. A. OFF are the pro- prietors of theflourishing retail drug busi- * ness at No. 268 South Spring street, near Fourth, and are successors to Howard M. Sale, who opened the store in January, 1887, and sold out to the present owners in August of that year. This enterprising young firm keeps in stock a complete line of the purest pharma- ceutical goods, perfumeries, toilet articles and proprietary medicines. In their extensive pre- scription trade — one of the largest in the city — they use such standard prejiarations as Ktlwiu Squibb's .drugs and Merck's chemical-, both HISrORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. manufacturers of world-wide reputation. Un- til recently Sale & Off was the only firm in Southern California that handled surgical in- struments, in which they have done and are still doing a tine business. Botl) gentlemen are ex- pert pharmacists who have had a nuinber of years experience in compounding prescriptions and are recognized by leading physicians as among the best, although they are probably the youngest drug firm in the United States. Mr. Sale learned the business with his father, now retired, in Pueblo, Colorado, beginning seven years ago. He was born near Quincy, Illinois, in 1868. Mr. Off is a native of Iowa, born in 1868. Ho took one course at the California College of Pharmacy in San Francisco, and was connected for a number of years with a drug iiousc in that city. Coining to Los Angeles in 1886, he was employed one year and a half in the drug store of Theodore WoUweber, one of the oklest druggists in California, now retired. Mr. Oft" lias had nearly ten years' experience in the drug business. tARRY F. STAFFORD, County Surveyor of Los Angeles County, was born in So- noma County, California, in 1864, and had just passed his twenty-fourth birthday wlien he was elected to tiie office he now tills, in November, 1888. He was educated at Napa College and the State University, taking a special scientific course in civil engineering in the latter institution, finishing in 1885. After leavitig college he spent a year in the Santa Ana postoffice as deputy postmaster, and in 1886 opened a surveyor's oftice in that city, and carried on the business of topographical engi- neer there until he was elected to his present position. He ran on the Republican ticket and had 3,000 majority over his opponent, being much the youngest candidate on the ticket. Mr. Stafford is master of his business, both in theory good officer, is an active nd practice, and makes a very Ic has a taste worker in the Republican party. N.O.Stafford, the father of the subject of this sketch, is a na- tive of Vermont. He came to California in 1849, and after spending sometime mining and merchandising he settled in Petaluma, Sonoma County, and there learned the trade of carriage- maker, subsequently becoming joint owner of the Petaluma Buggy Company. He moved to Santa Ana, Los Angeles County, in 1873, where he died five years later. In 1851 he returned East to Missouri, and married Mary N. Pearl, a native of that State. She died when Harry was four years of age, the ninther of six chil- dren, four sons and two daughters. One son and one daughter are now deceased. Mr. Stafford married again and had one son by his second wife. All the surviving members of the family reside in Santa Ana. mm'm fRLANDOSTRESHLY.— Among the well- known citizens of Azusa and pioneers of California is the subject of this sketch, a brief review of whose life is of interest. Mr. Sti'eshly is a native of Virginia, and a descend- ant of the old Colonial families. He was born in Fredericksburg, Spottsylvania County, in 1831. His grandfather, John Streshly, served as a soldier during the Revolutionary war, and sacri- ficed his life in that cause, dying from the effects of the wounds received in battle. His father, James M. Streshly, was also a patriot and served his country in the war of 1812. Mr. Streshly's father was a farmer and planter by occupation, and he was reared to that calling, receiving his education in the schools of his native pla,ce. Upon the discovery of gold in California and the consequent excitement throughout the East- ern States, Mr. Streshly was seized with a de- sire to try his fortunes in the new El Dorado, and in 1849 he came via the old English steamer Unicorn, on a voyage round Cape Horn to California. The many discomforts attending that voyage were terminated October 4, 1849, by the arrival of the steamer in San Francisco. HISTOIiY OF LOS ANGELES GOUNTT. After a short stay in that city he proceeded to Sacramento, where he spent the winter. Early in the spring of 1850 he located at Foster's Bar, on the Nortli Yuba River, and there en- gaged in mining operations. He conducted his operations with varying successes and failures! and finally fanned one of a company that, with the expenditure of niucli labor and money, turned that river from its chaimcl, in search of the supposed hidden wealtii beneath. This en- terprise resulted disastrously. No gold was found, and the members of the company were left deeply in debt. Mr. Streshly then decided to abandon the precarious fortunes of a miner, and he accordingly established a freightino- and packing line to the mining settlements, and in 1853 established a general merchandise store at Rush Creek, in Plumas County. He conducted that enterprise until 1856, and then located at Quincey and engaged in hotel-keeping. He later engaged in farming and teaming in Lassen County. Mr. Streshly was well known through- out the mining sections and took a leading part in the establishment of law and order in the early days. In 1871 he was elected sheriff of Lassen County, and took up his residence in Susanville. He made an active and efficient officer and was re-elected, holding the office un- til the close of 1875. He was then elected assessor of the county and served as such until 1879. Upon retiring from office, he returned to agricultural pursuits, and remained in Lassen County until the fall of 1882: He then came to Los Angeles County, and after spending the winter in Los Angeles, located at Aznsa. He purchased thirty-two and a half acres of wild and uncultivated land a mile and a half south of the city of Azusa, and engaged in horticult- ural pursuits, clearing his land and planting grape-vines of the Mission variety and also citrus and deciduous fruits. He took an active and leading part in developing the resources of his section. He was one of the original incor- porators of the Azusa Irrigating Company, and was its first president, holding that office until 1888. In 1885 he was one of the ori'# ■ fHARLES II. TREAT.— The gentleman whose name stands at the head of this sketch is a young and enterprising man, and a recent acquisition of Los Angeles Ct)unty. He is a native of Wisconsin, born in Manitowoc County, August 23, 1869, and is the son of E. B. and Charlotte H. (Farnsworth) Treat, the former being a native of New York and the latter of Wisconsin. E. B. Treat was a well- known and successful lawyer in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, for nineteen j^ears, dying there No- vember 20, 1880. He iiad two sons, Charles H. and William P. The subject of this sketch received a liberal High School education, and in 1887 graduated at the Spencerian College, in Milwaukee. His home in the future will be near Long Beach, on the beautiful property recently purchased by him. fAMUEL G. THOMPSON, proprietor of the Railroad House, Wilmington, Los Angeles County, is a pioneer of 1866. He is a native of Canada, but was reared in Detroit, Michigan ; is of Scotch descent. He learne 1 the brass-molding trade at Kendrick & De Graff's establishment in Detroit. With them he worked until they closed down, about 1859, when he came to California on the steamer Sonora, laud- ing in San Francisco. Here he was variously em- ployed, in the pickle works, teaming, and in the glass works. He subsequently worked for Spratt & Debree, San Francisco, and later went to Fort Dalles, Oregon, where he carried on a restaurant till he was flooded out in 1862 and 1863. Then, in company with his brother-in-law, Joel G. niSTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 6o3 Dorinan, lie engaged in the lumber business in the same place, and some time later he was cap- tain of a tiat-boat, which ran from Fort Dalles to the Cascades. After this he ran for the Oregon Steam Navigation, and had a contract for wood and lumber freighting, being captain of the craft. In 1867 Mr. Thompson came to Wilmington, where he has been successful in working up a lucrative business, lie has been a constable for two jears, having been elected on the Republican ticket Previous to this he was the deputy sheriif of Los Angeles County, under George E. Gard. Socially, Mr. Thomp- son is a member of the 1. O. O. F. at Compton, and of tlie K. of P. at San Pedro. fREDEPJCK THOMPSON was born in Williston, Chittenden County, Yermont, in 1835. His parents were Josiah and Cynthia (Cuttler) Thompson, both natives of the Green Mountain State, and of Scotch origin. Tlie former died in 1886 on the old home place, and the latter, when the subject of this sketch was a small boy. Mr. Thompson left home in 1857, and crossed the plains to California, land- ing at Shasta. He worked two years on a sheep ranch in Tehama County, after which he went to San Francisco and was in the dairy business for six years. He was next engaged in the dairy business in San Mateo County two years, and later went to Santa Barbara County, where he continued the same business several years longer. He next moved to Ventura County, and for a number of years was engaged in agricultural pursuits, subsequently locating in Los Angeles County, where he purchased fifty acres of as fine land as there is on the coast. This farm is situated two and a half miles northeast of the city of Compton. November 4, 1882, Mr. Thompson was united in marriage with Miss Fannie C. Thompson, who was born in Essex, Yermont, and is the daughter of Ebenezer and Mercy (Cole) Thompson, who moved from New Hampshire, Mr. Thompson coming with his parents when he was a small boy. The subject of this sketch is what might be termed a self- made man, and he is one who is respected and esteemed by his neighbors and friends. Politi- cally he is a Republican, and socially he is a member of the Masonic fraternity. -l-^-f^ fAMES T. TAYLOR.— Among the well- known business men and civil engineers of Pomona is the above-named gentleman, of the firm of James T. Taylor & Co., civil engi- neers and surveyors, also insurance agents and real-estate dealers. Mr. C. H. Kluegel, of On- tario, is associated with Mr. Taylor in business, the firm having their oflices in Pomona and Ontario. Mr. Taylor has been in charge of the home ofiice since the establishment of the part- nership in 1886, aad has conducted most of the extensive land surveys and systems of irriga- tion, etc., that have been made in the San Jose Yalley, also surveying and mapping most of the additions of the city of Pomona. In 1888 Mr. Taylor was appointed city engineer of Pomona, by the board of trustees, and he surveyed and laid out a sewerage system for the city, which was accepted and considered the most complete that could be desired. The subject of this sketch was born in Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, March 19, 1858. His father, the Rev. Townsend E. Taylor, was a native of La Giange, New York, a graduate of Middlebury College in Yer- mont, and of the Theological Seminary in New York City, after which he was ordained as a minister of the Presbyterian Church, and in 1847 went to the Hawaiian Islands, and was there prominently engaged in missionary work. His mother, nee Persis Goodale Thurston, was the daughter of the Rev. Asa Thurston, of New York. In 1860 Mr. Taylor's father was com- pelled, on account of ill health, to leave the islands, and he came to California, engaging in his ministerial labors in various parts of the State, until his death at Nordhoff, Yentura (Jounty, in February, 1S88. Mr. Taylor was HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. reared in this State and given the advantages of a good education. IJe entered into classical studies at tlie State University, but ill health compelled his abandoning a thorough course. He then studied civil engineering and survey- ing, and in 1877 was employed by the city en- gineer of Oakland, after which he entered the employ of the South Pacific Coast Railroad, where he was engaged until 1880. He was then employed under the State engineer as resident engineer on levee work on the Yuba River, and then on construction work by the Northern Pa- cific Railroad, and later on the Southern Pacific Coast Railroad. In 1883 Mr. Taylor came to Los Angeles County and took up his residence in the Pomona Valley. There he was employed as engineer of the Pomona Land and Water Company, and until the establishment of his present business was actively engaged in per- fecting the admirable water system of that com- pany, supervising and directing their flume lines thi-oughout the valley. Mr. Taylor has been actively engaged in developing the resources of the San Jose and Pomona valleys and building up the city of Pomona, and is prominently con- nected with some of the largest corporations of the city. He is vice-president of the Pomona Gas and Electric Light Company, and is a stock- holder and one of the original incorporators of the Pomona Street Railroad Company, and a director and large stockholder in the Palomares Hotel Company; also a director and stockholder of the Peoples' Bank of Pomona, and a member and director of the Pomona Board of Trade. He has also large landed interests in San Jose Val- ley, and has conducted extensive horticultural improvements upon his own lauds, for which he has the agency. Mr. Taylor is an active busi- . ness man and one of the leading citizens of Pomona, and it is to such men that Pomona is indebted for the lead she has taken in the rapid growth of Southern California. In political mat- ters he is a stanch Republican, lie is a mem- ber of Pomona Lodge, No. 2J-6, I. O. O. F., and Etna Lodge, No. 107, K. of P., of Pomona. Mr. Taylor is unmarried. His mother is residing with him, and also his brother, Henry T. Tay- lor, who is an eiiaineer and surveyor by pro- fession. — ^€®::ii»i^— tMOS D. TRUSSELL is a pioneer of Sierra Madre, being the first to purchase land and take up his residence upon the Sierra Madre tract. This was in July, 1881. At that time he bought twenty-two acres of wild and uncultivated land and immediately commenced its improvement, planting grapes and citrus and deciduous fruits. Mr. Trussell early saw the advantages of the beautiful Sierra Madre tract, in location, climate, soil, etc., and from the first has been one of the most active in promoting the success of the colony and inducing a desir- able class of people to build homes in that sec- tion. He has been an earnest and active sup- porter in every enterprise that has tended to build up and benefit his chosen locality. Mr. Trussell sold off a portion of his land in 1887, but still retains his beautiful home, "Piedmont," which is located north of the business center of the town. Mr. Trussell is a native of New England, dating iiis birth at Merrimac, New Hampshire, in 1830. His parents, Amos and Laura (Jewett) Trussell, were both natives of that State. When about eight years of age his parents moved to Ohio, and settled in Meigs County, where his father engaged in agricult- ural pursuits. The subject of this sketch was reared and schooled in that and the adjoining county of Jackson, becoming inured to the prac- tical life of a farmer, and later learning the trade of a carjienter and millwright. He re- mained in that county until 1869, and from 1853 was engaged in his calling and in con- ducting milling operations. In 1869 Mr. Trus- sell located in Brown County, Kansas, where he entered into farming operations and was also engaged in mercantile pursuits in Cloud and Osborne counties, and was the owner of a mill in Brown County. In 1876 he moved to Rich- ardson County, Nebraska, where he conducted HISTORY OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. 655 larining and other operations until lit; came to California, in the spring of 1881. In addition to his horticultural pursuits in Sierra Madre, he has been engaged as a contractor and builder. Mr. Trussell is a straightforward business man and a public-spirited citizen. He was one of the promoters and original incorporators of the Sierra Madre Water Company. In political matters he is a Republican, and has represented his district as a delegate in several of the county conventions. In 1853 Mr. Trussell was united in marriage with Miss Sarah H. Eeasoner, a native of Ohio. From this marriage there are living the following named children: Calvin K., who married Miss Nellie Town, and is now re- siding in San Diego County; Dayton, also a resident of that county; Raymond, who married Miss May Ehodes, now living in San Diego County; Winona, now Mrs. Edward B. Jones, of El Monte; Jacob R., of Antelope A''alley; and Constance and Harry D., who are members of their father's household. The marriage of Winona Trussell and Edward B. Jones took place March 7, 1883, it being the tirst wedding in the Sierra Madre colony. The Rev. A. G. L. Tren, Dean of Southern California, performed the ceremony. fOHN TEMPLE and his brother, F. P. F. Temple, were natives of Reading, Massa- chusetts. The former was one of the very earliest American settlers of Los Angeles. Pie was engaged in trade here for many years, and afterward he became a large ranch owner and stock-raiser. He erected various buildings in the city, including the Dow ney Block (called in his time Temple Block), the old court- house, etc. Mr. Temple at the time of his death was the lessee of the Government Mint of Mex- ico. Twice he and Mrs. Temple visited Europe, lie died in 1866. Francisco Temple, his brother, came to Los Angeles some years later than John. He married a daughter of William Workman, and eventually he became independently rich in lands and cattle. But in an evil hour he per- mitted himself to think that he was fitted to become a bank manager, with the result, ulti- mately, of iinancially wrecking both his father- in-law, Mr. Workman, and himself, because he could not say No; though a kind, good-hearted man, and very successful as a ranchero, he was wholly unfitted to manage a bank. The bank- ing house of Temple & Workman collapsed in 1875. Mr. Workman committed suicide when his pi)rtion of the magnificent Puente Rancho disappeared in the maelstrom, and Mr. Temple himself afterward died of a broken heart. There are still many mementoes in this city and county of these two Temple brothers, who, in old times, were widely known and universally respected. fRANCIS PHINY FISK TEMPLE, de- ceased. No history of Los Angeles County could be well written without more than a passing mention of him whose nanje heads this sketch. He was a pioneer of the pioneers, one of the men who led the advance guard of the mighty hosts who brought American civil- ization to this bright, sunny land. A brief review of the life of Mr. Temple gives the fol- lowing facts: He was born in Reading, Middle- sex County, Massachusetts, February 13, 1822, of one of the old New England families, of English origin. Reared and educated in his native county, he was possessed of that sturdy independence, of that thorough self-reliant spirit, that led his ancestors to leave the well- trodden paths of the old world and devote their lives to building up a new civilization in bleak, sterile New England. F. P. F. Temple was the youngest of a family of ten children. After receiving his early education, he started for California (then Mexican territory), by the way of Cape Horn, arriving at Los Angeles in the summer of 1841, a boy of nineteen years of age. Thei'ehis brother, Jonathan Temple, who, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. with the energy characteristic of the famifj, had established himself as a pioneer uierchant ill 1827, was then the leading merchant of the town. With him the subject of tins sketch engaged in business. After some jears of mer- cantile life he separated from his brother and bonght largely of real estate, both in Los An- geles City and county and elsewhere, being largely interested in the Rancho Potrero Grande, Potrero de Filipe Lugo Ranch, Merced Ranch, San Joaquin Rancho and San Emedio Ranch, also being one half owner of the Rancho Tajon, which contained twenty-two leagues. Septem- ber 30, 1845, Mr. Temple wedded Senorita An- tonia Margarita Workman, the only daughter of AViiliam Workman, Esq. (deceased), whose history will be found elsewhere in this volume. Iler mother, Nicolasa IT. De Workman, was ijorn of an old Sjianish family, at Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1802. Mrs. Temple was born at Taos, New Mexico, in 1831. From the time of his marriage Mr. Temple made his home at the La Merced Ranch, in the San Gabriel Val- ley, twelve miles east of Los Angeles. There he built for himself a large, roomy and sub- stantial adobe building, after the old Spanish style, 110x70 feet, forming a half square. lie there engaged largely in the breeding of stock, also buying largely and sending immense droves of cattle north, whereby he realized immense profits. About the year 1851 he commenced the work of farther improving and beautifying his home-property on the Merced Ranch, plant- ing a vineyard of 50,000 vines, and planting some twenty acres to miscellaneous fruits, also laying out a beautiful garden, one of the finest in the county in that day. Mr. Temple was a great lover of fine horses and much interested in their breeding. In 1860 he purchased the " Black Warrior," paying $7,000, an immense price in those days for a single animal. A short time afterward he bought " Billy Blos- som." Both horses were of high lineage and from families noted for trotting. He also in- vested heavily in blooded brood-mares. About this time he commenced to fence in his lai'ge domains, spending about $40,000 for that pur- pose, besides building commodious barns for his stock. All the lumber had to be brought by wagons from San Pedro Harbor, a distance of thirty miles. In 1868, Mr. Temple engaged in the banking business at Los Angeles, with L W. Hell man, and his father-in-law, William Workman, Esq. This partnership dissolved in 1871, and was succeded by the banking house of Temple & Workman. The new firm did tlieir business in the fine, massive structure known then and now as the Temple Block, which had just been built by Mr. Temple, in one of the best business localities in the city. This institution was well known in business circles all over the Pacific Coast, throughout the Territories and in many of the principal financial centers of the East. The firm failed in 1875-'76. The magnificent fortunes, so ener- getically acquired by the proprietors, melted away. Mr. Workman died in 1876. Mr. Tem- ple never recovered from the financial disaster, by which he lost all but his honor. His after life was saddened and perhaps shortened by it. He died of apoplexy at La Merced Ranch, his home residence, April 27, 1880, and was buried in the family burying ground at La Puente. Mrs. Temple survives, and occupies the old home, which, shorn of its broad acres, is still a very fine rural property, though the estate com- prises only fifty acres of land. Her mother, now ninety years old, but in good health, lives with her. Mrs. Temple is the mother of eleven children, eight of whom lived to become men and women. Of these, seven are at this writing (1889) living. Thomas W. Temple is the sole proprietor of the Li Crouica, the onl}' Spanish paper published in Los Angeles. Will- iam Temple, an attorney at law, is a resident of the city of Mexico. John H. Temple lives at the old home of William Workman, Esq., at La Puente. The other children living are: Lu- cinda, Maggie, Walter and Charles P., who reside with their mother at the old home at Merced. Francis Workman Temple, the second son who reached manhood, becmae the owner HTSTORT OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. of the home of his Grandfather Workman, at La Piiente. Tliore he made valiialilo improve- ments and lived a useful life, which was cnt short in its prime, his death occurring August 3, 1888, at the age of forty years. He liad ac- cumulated something like $100,000 worth of property, and died unmarried. fOHN HARRISON TEMPLE.— Tlie sub- ject of this sketch is a worthy son of one of Los Angeles County's eminent pioneers, the late F. P.' F. Temple. John H. Temple was horn at the home of his parents, at Merced Ranch, February 27, 1856. He was given in his youtli such educational and other advantages as the wealth of an indulgent father, anxious for the welfare of his children, could bestow. After a course of study at Santa Clara College, and at Reading, Massachusetts, the birthplace of his father, he graduated at Bryant and Stratton's Commercial College at Boston. When about entering upon manhood, the failure of his father's banking house practically threw Mr. Temple upon his own resources. Then it was that the inherent energy of the Temple family became largely his working capital. His present inter- e.-ts are quite large. He is the owner of a very fine property of seventy-five acres, on the Rancho Potrero de Felipe Lugo, near his parental home. This place is under a high state of cultivation, being principally planted to English walnuts, which are now (1889) just in their prime, being fifteen years old. At present they are yielding an income of $2,500 per year. As the annual product of trees increases rapidly each year from the age of fifteeti years, an income of probably $5,000 per year can soon be safely relied upon. Mr. Temple is the occupant and joint owner with his brother William of the well-known Puente homestead, the former home of his maternal grandfather, William Workman, one of the pio- neers of Los Angeles County. Few rural homes in the county excel this in beauty of location or excellence of improvements. During the life and occupancy of Mr. Workman, he expended thousands of dollars in building improvements. The estate now comprises seventy-five acres of choice valley- land, under a high state of culti- vation, devoted to culture of vines, miscellaneous fruits, etc., as well as general purposes. The beautiful cottage residence, commodious and noticeable for its convenience and orderly arrange- ments, attracts attention from all passing through the beautiful Puente Valley. In connection with the little chapel near by, built by Mr. Work- man, the winery and cellars, the large barns and tauks and the various out-buildings, the stranger at a little distance is easily led to think himself viewing a hamlet of no mean importance. The property in former years was largely devoted to wine-grape culture, and is fitted with press and storage facilities for the manufacture of 50,000 to 60,000 gallons of wine per annum, also \v*ith a still for the manufacture of brandy. At pres- ent the annual out-put does not exceed 10,000 gallons of wine. The residence stands upon an eminence raised slightly above the plain, giving an excellent view in all directions of the valley. After the death of Mr. Workman, the property was owned and occupied by Francis Workman Temple, an older brother of him whose name heads this sketch. He made valuable improve- ments, expending in enlarging and rebuilding- $10,000 or more. He was a man of great energy and became quite wealthy. He died a bachelor, at the age of forty years, August 3, 1888. He is buried at the little chapel near by, the family burying-grouud of the Workmans and Temples. With his brother William, John H. Temple became an equal owner of the estate, after their brother's death. There he has his home and dis- penses to stranger, as well as to friend, that liberal hospitality which has always been a marked characteristic of the Temple family. Mr. Tem- ple has recently purchased his brother William's interest in the Workman homestead. Mr. Tem- ple married, September 80, 1886, Senorita Anita Davoust,an estimable lady of French and Spanish parentage. She is the mother of two children, both of whom were born in Los Angeles, the HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. elder, Aiiijnst 24, 1887, and the younger, No- ve.nl.er 17, 1888. ILLIAM WORKMAN, Esq., deceased. Few men had more to do with the early development of the resources of Los Angeles County than the subject of this sketch. At this writing (1889) nearly half a century has elajtsed since he, in company with John Row- land, came to this country, in 1841. and obtained from the Mexican Government a title to the La Pui'nte Ranch, a principality of itself, contain- ing as it did 48,000 acres. After some years they divided their lands and Mr. Workman built the Pueute homestead, in the beautiful Puente Valley. Li those days few rural homes in Calftbrnia excelled his, either in elegance of structure, sightliness of location or beauty of surroundings. There, snrrouijded by the com- forts that wealth command, Mr. Workman en- gaged in stock-growing, the cultivation of his extensive vineyards, wine manufacture and other congenial occupations. In 1868, with his son- in-law, F. P. F. Temple, and L W. Hellman, he engaged in banking at Los Angeles. In 1871 the business passed into the hands of Temple and Workman, who rapidly, by the magnitude of their operations, became known among the leading banking Urms on the Paciiic Coast. In 1875-'76 the bank failed, and both partners lost their magnificent fortunes. Mr. Workman was so overwhelmed that iiis death soon followed, occurring May 17, 1876. Sadly and tenderly his renuiins were buried at the Workman and Tem- ple family burying ground, at the little chapel on the Puente Ranch, erected by him. Of the early life of Mr. Workman we are able to give a few facts. He was born in England in 1800. He early commenced life's battles in his own behalf. Coining to tiie United States before reaching manhood, he became a business man at St. Louis, Missouri, then a frontier village. From St. Louis Mr. Workman crossed the mountains to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Several years afterward he followed trapping and deal- ing in peltries. Making and saving money, he became for those days comparatively wealthy. In New Mexico he wedded, in 1830, Senorita Nicolasa Uriarte, who was born of one of the old Spanish families in New Mexico. Heronlydaugli- ter is now Mrs. A.M. W.de Temple, the widow of the late F. P. F. Temple. With her Mrs. Workman now lives, aged ninety years, physically and mentally strong consideringheradvanced age. Her only son, Joseph Workman, is a resident of Los Angeles. Mr. Workman will ever be well and favorably remembered by the pioneers ibr his many manly qualities. fW. TUNGATE is one of the representa tive farmers of San Gabriel Valley. He * is the owner of a fine property in the heart of the valley, two miles and a half nortli of El Monte, where he established his residence in 1875. Mr. Tungate dates iiis birth in Osage County, Missouri, January 27, 1832. There he was reared to a farm life and educated in the country schools. Reachiiig the age of twenty- one years, he became anxious to eiicounter life in his own behalf He left the old home, vis- ited an elder bi-other, H. B. Tungate (now de- ceased), who lived in Texas, and together they came to California, via tlie Southern route. (This was in the pioneer days of California's history, and Mi'. Tungate has ever since been identified with the State.) Placer mining being the principal business in the State at that time, Mr. Tungate devoted nearly ten years to that occupation, principally in Mariposa County and also in Kern County. Though working in no mine for many years, he has been more or less interested in mining until within a few years of the present time. In 1858 he visited the old home, returning in 1859. His first visit to Los Angeles was for the purpose of purchasing supplies, in 1862, while he was operating in Kern County. From August, 1868, to Novem- ber, 1870, Mr. Tungate owned fifty acres adjoin- HfsrURV OF LOS ANGELES GOUNir. ill"; his present home, whicli is now owned by William Shoddy. Later, while livinu; at Bakers- lield, he served two years as under sheriff. In 1875 Mr. Ttingate established his present resi- dence. His farm contains 100 acres of tlie choicest of alluvial lands; his cottage home is a con- venient, well-ordered country residence, and all the surroundings indicate the property to be the home of a prosperous, contented agriculturist. In 18()3 Mr. Tuiigate wedded Miss Rachel M. Malone, who settled in El Monte in 1859. Mrs. Tungate has resided in this State since she was ten years of age. She is the mother of ten children, all of whom reside with their parents, except the two eldest, Mrs. Eliza Ann Gage, of Santa Ana, and her elder sister, Martha M., who is dead. The names of the other children are: John M., Mary M., George W., Laura Belle, David W., Mark Twain, Charles Grover and Mabel. The lirst-born, Mrs. Martha M. Gage, died not long after her marriage, her husband being a brother to the husband of Eliza Ann. Mr. Tungate is never uninterested in public good, and is fully up to all the requirements of a good citizen. From his first vote he has been identiiied with the Democratic party. f S.G.TODD. — Atatinie when our country was engaged in the great struggle for '' the preservation of the Union, the sub- ject of this sketch was born, and named for the man destined to be first in wars. Ulysses S. Grant Todd was born near Pleasant Mount, Maine, January 27, 1863. In 18(38 his father, James II. Todd, was elected to the State Senate, and the family moved to Tuscumbia, Missouri, where they resided for twenty years. In 1881 and 1882 Mr. Todd attended the Missouri State University. On returning home he engaged in teaching school for awhile, but soon after en- gaged in mercantile pursuits, in which branch of occupation he has since continued. In 1885 Mr. Todd left Missouri and came to New Mexico, and in ISSli he emigrated to Calitornia, settling in Los Angeles, where he engaged in business. Although young, Mr. Todd has always taken an active part in politics, being at different times delegate to both State and congressional conven- tions. He cast his lirst vote for James G. Blaine, in 1884, and had the pleasure of casting a ballot for our successful candidates in 1888. In politics Mr. Todd is an uncompromising protectionist. He is a lioyal Arch Mason and a member of the Christian Church. tMOS G. THROOP, Pasadena, was born in De Ruyter, Madison County, New York, •^r- July 22, 1811. The most of his boyhood days were spent in Cortland and Chenango counties, that State, in May, 1832, he left Chenango County, going to Michigan, the then far "West, where he arrived without a dollar. He settled in St. Clair County and made that his liome for eleven years. In 1838 he returned to his native State, and at Preston was united in marriage with Eliza V. Wait. Soon after that event he returned to Michigan, where he con- tinued to reside until 1843, in which year he removed to Chicago, where he lived until 1880. During the years of his residence in that now busy and wealthy city, Mr. Throop witnessed many changes and held many important trusts and positions. He saw the first locomotive that ever entered Chicago. He was one of the origi- nal organizers of the Chicago Board of Trade, and a member of it for a number of years. He was also a member of the committee of arbitra- tion for the Board of Trade for several years. In 1852 Mr. Throop built the Garden City House, which was at that time the best house in Chicago. In 1849 he was elected alderman and served four years, and was elected again in 1876 and served four years more. He has been intimately acquainted with every mayor Chicago has had up to the present time. In 1854 and 1855 Mr. Throop was appointed assessor for West (Jhicago. He served five years as a mem- i)er of the board of supervisors of Cook County, HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Ill 1855 he was elected city treasurer for a term of two years, and while holding that position he handled over $5,000,000 of the city funds, and for two years was a member of the State Legis- lature of Illinois. In 1880 he came to Califor- nia and located in Los Angeles, where he purchased a ranch on the corner of Main and Jeiferson streets, on which was a fine residence and other buildings. In 1886 he removed to Pasadena where lie expects to spend the remain- der of his days. lie had been in Pasadena only a short time when he was strongly urged to be- come a member of the city council, his services in that capacity in Chicago having become known in his new Western home. Through strong solicitation he reluctantly consented and now holds a position in the city council of that place. Mr. Throop has contributed largely to the cause of education, and all through life he has been an earncirt advocate of temperance. ^-^^--^ ' tOSAVELL II. WILSON, the proprietor of the well-known pioneer nursery, of the Dnarte, w-as the pioneer of the nursery industry in his section. He commenced the business upon his father's place in 1876, and in 1879 established a nursery, on his own account, on the San Gabriel avenue, between BuenaYista and Mountain View avenues. That tract of land was ten acres in extent, and in addition to his nursery business, he fully improved it by planting the choicest variety of citrus and de- ciduous fruits. He sold that place in 1886, and purchased his present residence, consisting of thirteen acres of land on the corner of San Gabriel and Buena Vista avenues. Taking this land in its comparatively wild state, he is, by his intelligent care and industrious labor, com- bined with a thorough practical knowledge of his business, building up one of the leading nurseries of the county. With the exception of a family orchard, his whole tract will be de- voted to nursery purposes. Ilis greatest atten- tion at this writing (1889) is being devoted to producing a large and choice variety of decidu- ous fruits, such as liis years of experience have shown him are the best adapted to his section and the San Gabriel Valley. Ornamental trees and floral productions also receive his attention, and in the near future his stock in that line cannot be exceeded by any in his section. He is a stockholder in the Duarte Ditch Company, and his irrigation system is one of the most perfect to be found in the district. He is aUo a mechanic of no mean order, and his noticeably neat and attractive cottage residence is the result of his own skill and labor. Mr. Wilson was born in Chatham, New Jersey, in 1857. He is the son of Joseph Wilson, a native of England, who, early in life, emigrated to the United States and located in New Jersey, following the occupa- tion of a carpenter and joiner. He there mar- ried Miss Elizabeth Sayre, a native of that State. Mr. Wilson was reared in his native place until twelve years of age. His parents then moved to Newark, where they resided lintil 1874. In that year they came to Los Angeles County, and, after spending a year in Los Angeles, came to the Duarte and purchased thirty acres of land on San Gabriel avenue. Previous to this date the subject ot this sketch had spent the most of his time in school. He was always a lover of liorticnltural pursuits, and upon his lather's occupying this tract of land, lie entered heartily into the profession oi his choice ; and through study and researcli became one of the successtul horticulturists of the Duarte district. He is a respected citizen and a strcng suppoiter of such enterprises as will advance the welfare of the community in which he resides. A supporter of schools and churches, he has lor years been a consistent member of the Congregational Chuicli. In political matters he isa Republican, and is also a strong supporter of the Prohibition movement. In 1882 Mr. Wilson married Miss Alice Philbrook, a native of Illinois. She died in 1884. In 1887 he was united in marriage with Miss Florence Campbell, "the daughter of Galen and Roxaniia (Dunshee) Campbell. Mrs. Wilson was born in Illinois. Her father was a UISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 661 native of Vermont, and lier mother, of New York. Mr. anl Mrs. Wilson liave one child, Alice. Mr. Wilson's parents are now residing at their home just west of his place. With them are residing his brother, Leonard W., and his sister, Gertrude, now Mrs. Parker, llis brother, J. Chester Wilson, is a resident of Ventura County, this State; and his sister, Nellie E., now Mr.«. Frank Ellis, is living at San Pedro. fLI TAYLOR was born in Alexandria, Vir- ginia, and is the son of Thomas and Sarah (Talbott) Taylor, both natives of Mary- land, and both died when Eli was an infant. He was reared by Eli Talbott, a gentleman from Maryland. Mr. Taylor learned the trade of car- penter and architect; served an a])prenticeship of five years, first in Washington under John Thomas, and then in Baltimore under J. L. Hayghe. For several years he was in the em- ployment of the Government as an architect. He started from Alexandria, Virginia, in 1850, for California, and came as far as La Grange, Missouri, where he tarried until 1851, when he again took up the line of march for the Golden State, reaching Sacramento Valley after a jour- ney across the plains with ox and mule teams, which took about six months. He worked at llis trade in that part of the State for two years, then continued his travels to Portland, Oregon, Washington T.erritory and British Possessions, after which he moved to Los Angeles and con- tinued work at his trade. In 1862 Mr. Taylor was married to Miss Martha Hunter, of Los Angeles. Slie is a daughter of Jesse D. and Keziah Hunter, who were of the first people in Los Angeles. Mr. Hunter was a military man, and well known by nearly all the old settlers. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have seven sons: John H., Eli, Jr., Albert, George W., William H., Edgar C. and Jesse P. Both Mr. Taylor and his wife are members of the Christian church. Socially he is an \. O. {). F., and politically a Democrat. Mr. Taylor is a man well beloved by his neigh- iboU, bors, and respected by all who know him. Five years ago he had the misfortune to lose his eye- sight; but he is still the same sociable and agreeable companion that he was before, and his conversation is instructive and entertainin. D. Wilson and J. De Eartb Sliorb, firm of E. D. Wilson & Co., as superin- tendent of tbeir winery, vineyards, orange groves, etc., and in 1876 was sent by tbem to Wilmington, wbere be bad cbarge of tbeir furni- ture factory, farms, grain raising, and otber in- dustries. In 1878 tbe deatb of B. D. Wilson occurred, and Mr. Watkins returned to San Gabriel, and, under tbe direction of Mr. Shorb, tbe executor, took cbarge of tbe various indus- tries and enterprises of Mr. Wilson's estate. In 1882, upon tbe building of tbe San Gabriel Winery, be was appointed its superintendent, a position tbat be lias since beld. He is one of tbe stockbolders and original incorporators of tbe San Gabriel Wine Company, and in 1888 was elected vice-president of tbe company. Mr. W^atkins is an energetic and progressive man, well scbooled in business and endowed witb fine executive abilities, as is well illus- trated by bis management of tbe various enter- prises in wbicb he bas been engaged. He is also engaged in liorticultural pursuits, being tbe owner of a fine orange grove of twenty acres in extent, located at old Albambra. Upon tbis tract be bas erected a neat cottage, surrounded by well-ordered grounds, affoi-ding bim a pleas- ant borne. He bas other landed interests in the county, among wbicb is a twenty-acre tract at Wilmington, well improved and planted in vines and fruit trees. lie is also one-half owner of twelve acres in Albambra, known as the Strausser place, which is producing wine grapes and a large variety of citrus and decidu- ous fruits. In political matters Mr. Watkins is a consistent Democrat, is an earnest worker for the best interests of bis party, and has served as a delegate in many of its conventions. In 1882 he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Stone, a native of Maryland. From tbis marriage there are three children: Fi'ank, Brenta and Willie. fOHN B. WILSON is the owner of a gen- eral merchandise store at Lamanda Park. Tins is the pioneer store at that place, and was first established by Mr. F. M. Vanderlip. Mr. Wilson purchased an interest in the busi- ness in June, 1887. The firm of Vanderlip & Wilson carried on the enterprise until Decem- ber of that year, when, by the purchase of his partner's interest, Mr. Wilson became the sole proprietor. The Lamanda Park store, under his able management, bas become one of the representative business establishments of that section and has a patronage that Mr. Wilson's straightforward dealing and courteous manners entitle him to receive. He has been a resident of Los Angeles County for the past eighteen years, and is well known by tbe residents of Lamanda Park and vicinity. He was born in La Fayette County, Mississippi, July 10, 1850, and is the son of John W. -and Virginia G. (Butler) Wilson. His father is a native of Ten- nessee, and bis mother was born in Mississi ppi. The former was a teacher by occupation, but after the civil war be entered into agricultural pursuits, to wbicb the subject of this sketcb was reared. Mr. Wilson received the education afforded by the public schools of his native place, and was occupied with bis father in con- ducting the farm until 1871. In tbat year he accompanied his parents to California and lo- cated in Los Angeles County, near Pasadena, where be engaged in grain-raising, etc., upon rented land. He continued that occupation un- til 1882, and then entered the employ of Mr. J. F. Crank, as the foreman of the Fair Oaks Vineyard and bis orchards. He remained with Mr. Crank until he entered into bis present business. He is an energetic and public-spir- IIISrORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. ited citizen, and a supporter of enterprises that tend to build up and develop tlie resources of jiis section. His long residence in the valley has secured him a large circle of friends. Po- litically, he is a Democrat. lie is a member of Pasadena Lodge, No. 151, A. O. U. W., and a member of the Select Knights of the same order. He is the owner of residence property on Daisy Street, in Lainanda Park, and also of a ten-acre tract of land on the Santa Anita road. In 1873 Mr. Wilson married Miss Sarah E. Ivy, the daughter of S. M. and Sarah (Clark) Ivy, of Mississippi, but now (1889) residents of Phoe- nix, Arizona. The following are the names of the five children from this marriage:, Georgia C, Luther B., James A., Irvin I. and John William. Mr. Wilson's parents are residents of Pasadena. ilLTON S. WILSON, one of the Cali- fornia pioneers of 1849, now resident in Los Angeles County, was born in Licking County, Ohio, March 2, 1823. His father, George Wilson, was a native of Virginia, who came to Ohio when only nine years of age, and upon arriving at man's estate married Miss Jane B. Moore, a native of Pennsylvania. He was a farmer by occupation, and to this calling Mr. Wilson was reared. In 1842 he accompa- nied his parents to Cass County, Illinois, where lie remained until 1849. In tiie spring of that year he started overland for California. The party to which he belonged decided to take the route leading through Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Arizona, entering California by the southern route. A delay of several weeks occurred in New Mexico, while they were prospecting for gold, and it was not until December 1 that the party arrived at San Diego. While waiting at that point for transportation to San Francisco Mr. Wilson obtained work from the Quarter- master at the United States Barracks, and was employed on the first building ever erected at the new town of San Diego. Some weeks after his arrival he secured a passage on the old brig Bel- fast, bound for San Francisco, at which port he arrived after a stormy voyage of fourteen days. There he was fortunate enough to secure work as a laborer. In March, 1850, he went to the mines in Tuolumne County, and after a short trial at mining engaged in teaming and freight- ing supplies from Stockton to the mines; and in the fall of that year, in company with others, established a store and boarding-house at Sol- diers' Gulch. Among his associates in crossing the plains Mr. Wilson recalls the names of Cy rus Epler, now a district judge in Cass and Mor- gan counties, Illinois; Frank Pixley, the editor of the San Francisco Argonaut; Joseph Heslop, the first ti'casurer of Tuolumne County, and Judge Heslo]), of San Francisco. The dry winter of 1850-'51 was ruinous to their mer- cantile and mining ventures, and in the spring of the latter year Mr. Wilson went to Santa Clara County and engaged in grain-raising. In 1852 he and his partners sent East and brought out threshing-machines and mowers for har- vesting tlieir grain crops. In the years 1853-'54 Mr. Wilson engaged in dealing in live-stock, driving it from San Bernardino County to the mines of the North. In the latter year he lo- cated in the San Joaquin Valley, about fifteen miles from Stockton, and engaged in stock-rais- ing and dealing in stock. In 1860 Mr. Wilson married Miss Mary L. Chandler, a native of Jacksonville, Illinois. Her pai'ents, Isaac and Evelyn Chandler, were residents of Santa Clara County; her father was a pioneer of 1849. After his marriage, although conducting his stock business in the San Joaquin Valley, he made his residence in Santa Clara. In 1864 the drouth caused the death of most of his stock, sickness confined him to his bed for months, and his land atid improvements were swept from him claimed by grant holders. He thus found himself financially ruined, and com- menced life anew by entering 160 acres of land in the Santa Cruz Mountains. For several years^ Mr. Wilson was successsfully dealing in timber lands in that county, and in 1870 returned to HISTORY OV LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Sauta Clara. For the next six years lie was a justice of the peace, the duties of which oiBce occupied nearly his whole attention. In 1876 he again turned his attention to the lumber business, and incorporated the San Lorenzo Flume and Lumber Company and other enter- prises, a failure of which involved the loss of his means. After some three years spent in farming rented land in Santa Clara, he came in 1880 to Los Angeles and entered into the dairy business, and in 1883 located upon 160 acres of Uovernment land between Azusa and Vineland. In 1883 he moved upon a sixty-five-acre tract of land one-half mile west of El Monte, where he has since resided, engaging in agricultural pur- suits. His 160-acre tract is as yet comparatively unimproved, but it is admirably adapted to both fruit and vine culture. Fifty acres of his home farm are producing alfalfa, yielding from eight to ten tons per acre. He is also the owner of ten acres of land within the town limits of Long Beach. Mr. Wilson is a well-known and re- spected citizen of the community in which he resides. He is a strong Republican in politics, and in 1885 was elected justice of the peace in El Monte Township, a position he still holds. He is a strong supporter of schools and churches, and is a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have four sons and one daughter: George L., Harry M., Fred- die Eugene, Austin M., and Mary Let etia, all of whom are residing under the parental roof. I^ON. JONATHAN TRUMBULL WAR- fM\ NER is perhaps better known by the ^li initials J. J., because of a certain free and easy metamorphosis by the natives of his un- ci)Uth New England name into the smoother Castilian Juan Jose (J. J.) with the advantage of a two-fold saintly patronage. He was born November 20, 1807, in Hadlyme, New London County, Connecticut, his parents being Selden and Dorathy (Selden) Warner, who were cousins. His maternal grandfather, Samuel Selden, was a Colonel in the Revolutionary army, and, being sick, fell into the hands of the British in New York upon its evacuation by General Washing- ton, and died there. It is thought probably — the evidence is almost conclusive — that he was the Major Selden who participated in the battle of Bunker Ilill at the head of some Connecticut inilitia. This Colonel Selden was maternal great-grandfather to the late Chief Justice Waite. Three brothers Warner were among the early Puritan arrivals in New England. The Selden and Warner families purchased vast tracts of land from the Indians, about twelve or fifteen miles above the month of the Connecticut River. The families were originally related or soon became so in their new home. The father of Colonel Warner, though a graduate of Yale College, did not enter on a professional career, but settled on the farm that had been his father's and cultivated it. By the advice of an older brother, a physician, the subject of our sketch left home in the fall of 1830 to seek a more genial climate, having been very ill the previous summer. He had no set purpose at the outset of coming to California, but on leaching Mis- souri he joined a trading caravan hound for New Mexico. There were in the company sixty-two men with twenty-two wagons and teams, with goods, wares and merchandise of various descrip- tions. Arrived in New Mexico, a smaller com- pany was organized for Los Angeles with a view mainly of buying mules for the Louisiana mar- ket. This company Mr. Warner also joined. They reached the Colorado River early in No- vember, and Los Angeles, December 5, 1831. Mr. Warner knows of no American or Euro- pean now living in California whose arrival antedates his. He had no idea of permanent settlement here. Two years afterward illness compelled him to stay, and the rest followed. Some ten years later, in 1843, he moved to San Diego County, where he owned and conducted a cattle ranch for thirteen years, raising not only cattle but also horses and sheep. In 1857, having been disabled many months by a broken limb, he again settled in Los Angeles, of which he HISTORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTT. 073 lias been a permanent resident since that date. In 1858 lie commenced the publication of the Southern Vineyard, at lirst a weekly- and in the second year a semi-weekly. In those days Mr. Warner was a Douglas Democrat. He was a member of the State Democratic Convention in 1852, and advocated the nomination of Douglas, or the instruction of the California delegates in favor of his nomination. He voted for Douglas in 1860, but liki- hiui. loyally acquiesced in the election of Lincoln, and had no use for South- ern Confederacy. He has been a Republican since 1861. While residing in San Diego he was a State Senator iu the Legislature in its sessions of 1851 and of 1852; and in 1860 was a member of the Assembly from Los Angeles. He was a notary public for about fifteen years, until his resignation on account of failing eye- sight in 1885. He moved to his present home on University street, outside the city limits, in September, 1887. Early iu 1837 Mr. Warner was married to Anita Gale, who had been brought to California at the age of three years baptized a Roman Catholic, and brought up to womanhood in the family of Governor Pio Pico. They had five children that grew to maturity, two sons and three daughters. The oldest, a daughter, never married ; the oldest son, Andrew, is dead, leaving a daughter who lives with her mother in this city. John, the second son, lives in the Sandwich Islands at present, the resi- dence of his family (the mother, two sons and a daughter) being in San Francisco. Tiie second daughter married a Mr. J. Cruz, and died leav- ing one daughter grown to womanhood. The youngest daughter, also married, is the mother of five children, two sons and three daughters, all living with her under the roof-tree of the venerable patriarch. Mrs. Warner died in 1859. Mr. Warner attributes his longevity to hered- ity re-enforced by constant contact with nature in outdoor life in a healthy climate. In early manhood his health was precarious, and it is pos- sible the hereditary principle would have failed, him han of his new calling, clearing liis land, plant- ing I'liiit trees, and developing water in the Dalton Gallon and other ])laccs. He early saw tiie possibilities of a rich and prosperous future for the section that he had selected as his home, and upon the advent of the raih-oad (the Santa Fe route) in the valley, in March, 1887, he in- corporated the Glendora Land Company, and also the Glendora Water Company, hi the first-named company there were associated with him Merrick Eeynolds as vice-president, and John W. Conk as secretary and . treasurer. These gentlemen also held the same position in the last-named company, witii the exception that E. F. Spence, of Los Angeles, was the treasurer. Li addition to the lands of Messrs. Cook and lleynolds. a large share of Mr. Whit- comb's lands were- devoted to the town site of Glendora, which the company platted and opened its fine avenues. The work was well done, and thousands of trees were planted under Mr. Whitcomb's direction, lining both sides of miles of avenues. The water system for domes- tic and irrigation purposes of the town was also one of the most complete and substantial that could be devised. It was not a wild and vision- ary scheme for " boom" purposes. Substantial and permanent improvements were made, and the operations of the companies were conducted upon sound business jM-inciples, which resulted in attracting a desirable class of permanent in- vestors and settlers. The company built a comfortable and well-ordered hotel, erected a building for their office, and contributed some $5,000 for a fine school-house, and then came the solid investors. They came seeking desira- ble and pleasant homes. They built stores and work-shops, substantial dwellings, churches and school-bouses. It is to Mr. AVhitcomb's fore- sight, libei-ality and sound business enterprise that this result has been secured, and Glendora can boast to-day of baxing as prosperous and as intelligent arid cultivated a community as any town of its size in the State of California. It is a life's work accomplished in less than three years, and he may well be proud of the results. Ill addition to his large interests in the town of (Glendora, ho is the owner of seventy acres HIsrORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. located at the head of Vista Bouito avenue, upon wliich he lias erected a beautiful villa residence, in which he has combined the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, sur- rounded by well-ordered grounds abounding with ornamental trees and rich Horal produc- tions. This home is situated upon ;ui eminence overlooking the town site of Gleudora, and affording a beautiful view of the valley to the south and west, producing one of the most varied and pleasing landscape views imaginable. He is a successful horticulturist, having a fine citrus fruit orchard of twenty acres, producing some of the finest-flavored oranges to be found in the county. He also has twenty acres de- voted to deciduous fruits, comprising a large variety of such fruits as are adapted to his sec- tion. There are also nine acres of raisin and table grapes upon his place. In conducting his horticultural operations he is guided by the same thorough-going qualities and intelligent attention that have secured him success in other pursuits. Mr. Whitcomb is a native of Ver- mont, and datei his birth in Brandon, Rutland County, in 1834. His parents. Dexter and Emily E. (Tilton) Whitcomb, were natives of New Hampshire. In 1844 his parents loft Vermont and located in New York. From thence, in 1843, they moved to Michigan, and in 1846 finally located in Portage County, Ohio. Mr. AVhitcoinb was early in life trained to busi- ness habits, and when less than twenty years of age commenced life as a clerk in the railroad employ, and later was employed as an account- ant by the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad Company. In 1856 he went to St. Paul, Min- nesota, and for many years was accountant and general agent for parties conducting a large hide and leather business. While there, in 1859, he married Miss Leodora Bennett, a native of Wheeling, Virginia. She was the daughter of Captain Abraham Bennett, a well-known pioneer 8teami)oat commander and owner on the Upper Mississippi River. In 1864 Mr. Whitcomb was employed by the Panhandle Railroail Company as its purch-ising agent, and took up his resi- dence in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. In 1870 he left the railroad employ and located in Chicago, and entered into e.^tenjive coal-mining opera- tions, which he successfully onducted until 18S0, when he became the pra[)rietor of the well-known Harrison Mining Machine, and established himself in the manufacture and sale of that machine. This business he still con- ducts in Chicago. In 1884, as before stated, he took up his residence in California. Mr. Whitcomb takes a deep interest in the welfare and prosperity of the community in which he resides. He is a liberal supporter of schools and churches, and is a consistent member of the Methodist church, and a trustee of the same. He is a school trustee in the Glendora district, and was one of the most prominent in establish- ing the first school opened in the district. In political matters he is a stanch Republican, taking an intelligent interest in the political questions of the day. Tne names of the chil- dren born to Mr. and Mrs. Whitcomb are as follows: George B., Carroll S., William C, Leo- dora, Elizabeth and Virginia. George B. mar- ried Miss Ella Sheppard. Carroll S. married Miss Ada Bradley. William C. and Carroll S. are stockholders in the Glendora Land Com- pany, and are associated with their father in conducting the enterprise. fROFESSORS. A. WALDR()>f, Priucipd of La Ballona School, was born in Wash- tenaw County, Michigan, in 1836, gradu- ated at Ypsilanti in 1857, began teaching when quite a boy, and has been an active and honored member of the teachers' profession for over thirty years. In 1859 he came to California, since which time he has tauglit in different parts of this count}', and for the past ten years has served as principal of the La Ballona School near the Palms. In addition to his achieve- ments in the school-room the professor has ac- cumulated considerable property. Ho owns a iMncli of 2,500 acres in Antelop; Valley, which UISrORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. is devoted to wLeat and barley. He owns also valuable property in tlie city of Los Angeles. In 1874 he married Miss Belle Swift, a native of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Slie was educated at the seminary in Eau Claire, and has been a teacher in the schools of Los Angeles County iuid city for a number of years. Professor Waldron is a Democrat in politics, and has been prominenily before the people as a candidate for some very important offices. In 1888 he was a candidate for the Assembly, and in 1887 for county recorder. He is a gentleman of scholarly attainments, and his ability as a public in- structor is attested by the fact of his having- served so long in his present position. fC. WOLDEMANN, stock-raiser, was born in the city of Keil, Germany, iu 1829- ® His father died six months before lie was born, and his mother died at his birth. They had one other child, Louisa, two and a-half years older than the subject of this sketch, but she also died at the age of thirteen years. He was thus early left alone in the world. After receiving an education at the common schools in Germany, he was drafted by the King of Denmark into the army, at the age of twenty-one years. He refused, however, to go to war, and started for America, arriving at New Orleans in 1857. He worked at different places and at different occu- pations till, in 18G0, he crossed the plains to California. With two others besides himself he spent a whole year on the road, with two yoke of oxen and a two-wheeled cart. He bought 148 acres of land where he has since lived. By strict attention to business he has accumulated quite a fortune. He has been engaged in raising stock for several years. In future, he will give considerable attention to raising poultry. When a school-boy in Germany he had this purpose in mind which now he means to carry out; and judging from the success he has had in other lines of business, lie will carry this on with profit. Mr. Woldemann is all that is left of the family, and he has never been married. He has always been a straightforward Republican, be- lieving fully in the principles and doctrines of the party, and has defended them upon all proper occasions and before all men. The "Golden Eule" is his religion, and all who know him will bear testimony to his strict ob- servance of it. fA. THOMAS, Postmaster at Garvanza, and dealer in staple and fancy goods, gro- ® ceries, etc., has been a citizen of Los Angeles County since the year 1886. He was born iu Erie, Huston County, Tennessee, in 1855, and is a son of John and Nancy (Allen) Thomas, of Tennessee. They had eight children. The oldest, W. T. Thomas, was a soldier in the late war. The subject of this biographical sketch was left an orphan at the age of seven years, and was thrown thus early upon his own resources. He followed clerking in a store till he was nine- teen years old, and at that time came to Cali- fornia. Here he remained but a short time, but during that time became acquainted with and married Miss Cora Allen, a native of the Golden State. They were married in 1878, and Mr, Thomas took his bride back to Tennessee, where they resided seven years. In 1886 he again sought the Pacific Coast, and upon his arrival in California, engaged in the livery business in Garvanza, and later, in the grocery business. By him the postoflice was established July 19, 1887, and he was made the first postmaster, which office he still holds. Both Mr. and Mrs. Thomas are active workers in the Methodist Episcopal Church. ^^^^ •^iPALLACE WOOD WORTH, one of the oneers of Los Angeles, was the son John D. Wood worth, also a pioneer; and he was born at Johnstown, Licking County, Ohio, July 28, 1832. He came to California in ri I STORY OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. 1850, at t]ie age of eigliteeii, with liis fatlier. After staying a year they returned East; but Wallace soon came back and went to Oregon, wJiere he stayed three years, when he came to Los Angeles County, and became the superin- tendent or " El Chino Rancho," for his uncle, Colonel .Isaac Williams, the owner of that princely domain, Colonel Williams having gone East. Afterward Mr. Woodworth engaged in . the purchase of cattle on a large scale, disposing of them in Northern markets and in the mines at good profits. Later he entered into a part- nership with W. H. Perry, which endured nearly thirty years, or till Mr. Woodworth's death. Tlie firm of Perry & Woodworth was long a familiar one to all our older citizens. At first it engaged in the cabinet and furniture business on Main street, near the Pico House; but ulti- mately it changed to the lumber and millii o- business and moved to Commercial street, where the firm and its successor, tlie Perry Lumber Company, did an immense business. Mr. J. D. Woodworth, the father, returned with his family to Los Angeles in 1857, and resided here till his death, with the exception of a few years' residence at his ranch near San Gabriel, which he sold to Mr. Titus. Mr. Woodworth, Sr., was a man of sterling character and of consider- able prominence, being for a number of years justice of the peace, and also postmaster of this city under President Buchanan. Wallace Wood- worth married Dona Maria Antonia, only daugh- ter of Don Jos(^ Perez and Dona Merced Lugo de Perez, and granddaughter of the patriarch, Don Antonio Maria Lugo, of whom a brief sketch appears in another part of this work. There were born to this union four sons and two daughters, all now living in this city. Wal- lace Woodworth was a man of positive character. As chairman of the board of supervisors, he probably was more influential than any other man in rescuing the affairs of our county from the disorganized state into which they had fallen, and in bringing our discredited county warrants from a heavy discount, up to par. lie was also a iiieml)cr and jiresidunt of tiic city council. He took a prominent part in introduc- ing gas and water into the city of Los Angeles. lie was an active mover in the erection of a wharf at San Pedro which, however, he did not live to see completed. Affiliating with the Democratic party, he was prominent in its local councils, and was for many years chairman of its coimty committee as well as a member of the State executive committee for this county. He went as a delegate from California to the Na- tional convention which nominated General W. S. Hancock— of whom he was a warm personal friend— for the Presidency. During the later years of his life Mr. Woodworth engaged quite largely and successfully in the culture of the vine, orange and olive. While very close and shrewd in business matters, he was a good friend to the orplians and to the church, contributing liberally in aid of both. Wallace Woodworth, as all wlio knew hi-m will concede, was a useful citizen, a stanch friend, and a good husband and father. He died in the prime of life, after a short illness, on September 13, 1882, aged fifty yea.*-s. flMON W. WHITE was born near the city of Cork, Ireland, August 7, 1837, and is a son of William and Ellen (O'Conner) White, the fifth of a family of nine children. He came to America in 1869, and landed in New York, July 12. Before coming to America, however, in 1864, he married Miss Annie Hem- brow, a daughter of James and Sarah Hembrow, both natives of England. From New York Mr! White went to Boston and worked for two years in the machine shops. Later he went to Kansas City, and engaged in the grocery business, and in 1875 he became a citizen of California. In the fall of 1877 he bought 134 acres of land near Burbank, on what is known as the Provi- dentia Ranch. This he has improved, and is now extensively engaged in raising grapes and fruit of all kinds. Mr. and iMrs. White have five children: Simon K. R., William J., Ed- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ward J., Francis A. and Annie M. Politically Mr. White affiliates with the Democratic party, but in local political matters lie is very liberal. Siace taking charge of the farm on which he lives, he has been very much interested in the educational affairs of his district. He it was who formed Providentia district in 1879, and he has been one of its main officers ever since, and at present is clerk of the district. -<-*-c$B,- tENRY CLAY WYATT was born in Rich- mond, Virginia, June 29, 1849. His an- cestors for several generations were natives of Virginia, but on the paternal side came origi- nally from England, and on the maternal side from Ireland. He was educated in Virginia, and entered the service of the Confederate States, as a drummer-boy in the First Virginia Regiment, Kemper's Brigade, Pickett's Division. He first went into the theatrical business in 1867, as treasurer of the Richmond Tiieatre. At the end of three years he gave up tiiis posi- tion to open a large music store, known as the "Richmond Music Emporium," which he man- aged for four years, when Colonel John McCaull (of Opera fame), John F. Allen and others converted Mozart Hall, in Richmond, into a theatre, and selected Major Wyatt as the man- ager. Meeting with success in this responsible position, Wyatt took charge of the Peters- burg Academy of Music, the Norfolk Theatre, and several smaller houses, which he managed for some time, when John T. Ford, of Ford's Baltimore and Washington theatres, offered him a large salary to take the "Emma Thursby Concert Company" over a Southern tour. The company consisted of Miss Thursby; W. T. Carleton, baritone; Alfred Pease, pianist; Emit Toedt, violinist, and George W. Colby, accom- panist. After completing this tour, which was very successful, the management of the original "Mendelssohn Quintette Club" was offered to Major Wyatt for one year, and accepted by him. Later on he took charge of a concert tour by the great Wilhelmj and Gustav Satter — the lat- ter being a very eminent pianist. Afterward Major Wyatt returned to New York and took the management of the Steinway Hall Concerts. Desiring a change, he with others organized what was known as the "California Quartette," which was one of the first in the country. W^- att, who has a tine voice and is a thorough mu- sician, was the tenor of this quartette, which commenced to sing in concerts, when the "San- Francisco Minstrels" engaged it for four con- secutive seasons; Billy Emerson hearing the quartette engaged it for eigiity weeks for San Francisco for his company. After the com- pletion of this long engagement, Wyatt organ- ized a company of his own, known as "H. C. Wyatt, Courtright and Hawkins' Minstrels," and traveled for upward of a j'ear over this coast, including eleven weeks at the Bush street Tiieatre, San Francisco. After this he made some changes and renamed the company "Wy- att, Arlington and Girard Minstrels," and came south and played at Los Angeles. Wyatt, like so many others, liked the place and concluded to settle here. Later, he secured the manage- ment of the Grand Opera House in May, 1886, in which he has had great success. Major Wy- att is now lessee and manager of the principal theatres of Southern California, to-wit: Grand Opera House and Los Angeles Theatre, of Los Angeles; the opera houses of San Bernardino, Riverside, Pasadena, Santa Barbara and San Diego. He is also sole proprietor of the "H. C. Wyatt's English Opera Company," of forty- eiglit people, now playing an indefinite engage- ment in Los Angeles. (s ' ■• e) SAAC WICKERStlAM, proprietor of the livery, feed and sale stables, on Aliso and Ala- meda streets, Los Angeles, was born in Ches- ter County, Pennsylvania, in 1836. His father's name was also Isaac. They came from a cele- brated family. The noted J. P. Wickershain, so well known in tliiJ East as a public educator and ^.^.%. C/--/^ HIBTOllT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. State superintendent of schools in Pennsylvania, is a first cousin to the subject of this biographi- cal sketch. Mr. Wickershain engaged very suc- cessfully in the stock business in his native State for several years. He was married in 1864 to Miss Sallie J. Baker, daughter of William Baker, of Chester County, Pennsylvania. Of this union ten children have been born: J. Swayne, the oldest, is proprietor of the East Side stables; Mary A., Bessie W., J. Worth, William B., Jessie B., Edgar A., Ruth S., Isaac and Ada E. Socially Mr. Wickershain is a Mason and also a K. of P. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. During the late war he was in the service of his country a few months, and paid for two substitutes besides. Since com- ing to Los Angeles he has built up a lucrative trade in the livery business, and is a cifizen whom every one honors and respects. He has a pleasant home in East Los Angeles, at num- ber 49 North Hell man street. fOSEPH M. WORKMAN, son of William Workman, deceased, one of the early pio- neers in Southern California, and one of the founders of the first bank opened in Los Ange- les, was born in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1833. William Workman was then, and for some years after, a merchant trader in that old town. He came to California in the forties, and prior to 1846 obtained by grant from the Mexican Gov- ernment, the Alcatras, or Bird Island, on which the State penitentiary is situated, in San Fran- cisco Bay, which was subsequently taken pos- session of by the United States Government; but the title was never transferred by him, and the original deed to that now valuable property is in possession of his heirs, who have not, up to the present time, contested their rights in the courts. After coming to this coast AVilliam Workman was extensively engaged in the live- stock business, in the San Joaquin country and in Los Angeles Countj'. Being a farmer and stock- grower by occupation, he purchased, and owned for many years, 20,000 acres of the La Puente Rancho, now owned by E. J. (Lucky) Baldwin, having accumulated a fine fortune for those days. He, in company with I. W. IIellman,and F. P. Temple, his son-in-law, started the first liank in Los Angeles, which was known as the TempleAVorkman Bank, which prospered finely for years. Mr. Workman finally withdrew from any active participation in its affairs, entrusting the management entirely to IVfr. Temple, in whom he had unbounded confidence. But the sequel proved that the trusted son-in-law lacked some of the elements of a successful banker; for the bank became involved in financial difficul- ties and failed, sweeping away not only $80,000 in cash of Mr. Workman's money, but his entire estate, bringing upon him financial ruin in his old age — he being then about seventy-six years old. Tlie stroke was too much for his proud English spirit, and so unsettled his mind that he committed suicide, thus ending an active and useful life, in 1873. His widow, a Spanish lady whom he married in Santa Fe, still survives, and resides in this county. Joseph Workman was taken back East in his infancy, and lived in the family of David Workman, his father's brother, a number of years. In 1854 he left Missouri and crossed the plains to California; and after spending several months in Los Ange- les County, went up into the San Joaquin Val- ley and superintended a large cattle ranch owned by his father and Air. Temple, from 1856 till 1870. In the fall of the latter year he mar- ried Miss Belt, daughter of Judge George G. Belt, of Stockton, and soon after settled in Los Angeles County, which has been his liome ever since. Two or three years later he pur- chased over 800 acres of the La Puente Ranch, fifteen miles from Los Angeles, moved on to it, and engaged in the stock business, first keep- ing sheep, but upon the decline in the price of wool, changing to cattle. In 1881, desiring bet- ter advantages than the country offered for edu- cating their children, Mr. and Mrs. Workman decided to lease their ranch and remove to the city, i'uying a large lot, 162x800 feet, on HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Boyle a-eiiue (Boyle Heiglits), they erected their present fine residence, and have since highly im- proved the grounds about it, making it one of the most picturesque and beautiful homes in this part of the State. Mr. Workman's ranch property is situated on the line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, two miles from Puente station; is fine farming land, and under a high state of cultivation, as is evidenced from the fact that his tenant made $6,000 off the crop of 1888. Mr. Workman has not engaged in any active business since residing in the city, but is en- joying a happy, retired life with his wife and family of four daughters and two sons, ranging in age from six to eighteen years. fOHN CHARLES WEST.— Among the earlier settlers and well-known residents of Glendora is the above-named gentleman. Mr. "West is a native of the State of Iowa, dat- ing his birth in Heury County, in 1856. His parents were John P. West (whose history ap- pears in this volume) and nee Elizabeth Har- sham. His father was a prominent farmer of Henry Connty, and the subject ot this sketch was reared to that calling, receiving the benefits of a good education in the public schools and academies of Henry County. In 1875 he ac- companied his father to California and located at Compton, Los Angeles County, where he was engaged in farming operations until 1878. In tiiat year he came to Azusa Township and lo- cated at what is now the thriving village of Glendora. There he bought a squatter's claim to 160 acres of land, located just east of Glen- dora, and commenced clearing the wild land and building up a home. After the long years of litigation between tlie settlers and the Azusa grant holders had been brought to an end and the rights of the homestead settlers secured by Government titles, these desirable lands were sought by the Eastern emigrants, who came seeking homes. Mr. West then sold portions of his land, retaining a fifty-acre tract lying just east of the town site of Glendora. LTpjn this he has erected a neat cottage home, suitable out- buildings, etc., and is placing his lands under a high state of cultivation and improvement that is destined to place his farm among the repre- sentative properties of his section. He is also a one-third owner of 240 acres, located in the Dalton Canon, upon which land has been de- veloped a fine water supply, which is piped to his tract for irrigation, purposes. Mr. West is a substantial and progressive citizen, and iias been one of the leaders in opening up and en- couraging the settlement of the beautiful valley in which he lives, and has been a supporter of all enterprises that build up a community. His straightforward and consistent course of life justly gains him the esteem and respect of his friends and associates. In political matters he is a stanch Republican. In 1879 Mr. West was united in marriage with Miss Emma Hinman, the daughter of Augustus and Mary (Mallory) Hinman. Her parents were natives of Con- necticut, in which State she was born. Her father died in her childhood. Her mother then married Mr. Martin Comstock, now of River- side, San Bernardino County, California. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. West there are two children living: Alta E. and Frank H. -4"^ M. WOODY.— The phenomenal suc- cess of the varied enterprises estab- lished in the San Jose Valley and the remarkable growth and prosperity that has been attained in building up the thriving city of Pomona, is largely due to the energetic and in- telligent business men that since 1880 have made that beautiful valley their home. Among those specially worthy of mention is the gentle- man whose name heads this sketch. Mr. Woody is a native of Roane County, Tennessee, dating his birth in 1850. His parents were Samuel and Mary E. (Braziel) Woody, both natives of that State. When the subject was less than a year old his father emigrated to Te.xas and set- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. tied near Fort Wortli, where he was largely en- gaged as a stock- grower. Mr. Woody was reared to the active life of a frontier town, and when but sixteen years of age commenced his career as a trader, and afterward established himself in merchandise business at Fort Worth and other places. He conducted his mercantile pur- suits in Texas until 1881, when he located at Ogden, Utah Territory, where he opened a gen- eral merchandise store. The next year he went to the Northern part of Idaho, and for several years thereafter was actively engaged in mining enterprises and farming operations. He was the discoverer of a valuable mica mine while there^ which was afterward sold to Chicago capitalists for §150,000. In February, 1886, Mr. Woody came to Los Angeles County and located at Pomona, and has been actively engaged in busi- ness since that date. He first established a grocery store, and atterward went into partner- ship with R. N. Loucks, on the corner of Sec- ond and Gordou streets. In January, 1889, he opened his present store in the White Block on Second street, where he has one of the best ap- pointed and most complete grocery stores to be found in the city. In connection with his mer- cantile pursuits, Mr. Woody has been an exten- sive dealer in real estate, entering into that business in 1887. He was also president of the Real Estate Exchange. He is the owner of a part of block No. 181, of Bnrdick's Addition to I'umona, a fine tract devoted to orange culture, located between White avenue and Ellen street. He is one of the active business men of the city, and promptly engages in snch public enterprises as tend to attract immigration and build up Pomona. He was the promoter and principal builder of the Orange Grove Street Railroad, and is now its principal stockholder, being sec- retary and treasurer of the corporation and gen- eral manager and superintendent of the road; he is also a member and vice-president of the Pomona Board of Trade. He is prominent in Masonic circles, being the Senior Warden of Pomona Lodge, No. 246. He takes an interest in the churches and schools of the city, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and also of tlie Young Men's Christian Association. In ]iolitical matters be is Democratic. In 1871 Mr. Woody married Miss Julia E. Tinsley, a native of Kentucky and the daughter of Alan- son and Catherine (Fox) Tinsley, descendants of old families of that State. The children born from this marriage are: Tedie F., Walter E. and Nettie May. fHARLES M. WRIGHT, of the firm of Lynch & Wright, proprietors of the No- gales Ranch, was born in Chittenden County, Vermont, April 20, 1836, son of Nelson and Mary (Mayo) Wright, both of whom were of old New England families. Mr. Wright was reared to a farm life, and educated in the county of his birth; but he was not one to be satisfied with the slow plodding life of a New England farmer. In the spring of 1859 he left the old home and came via Panama to San Francisco, reaching there in May. In July following, he came to Los Angeles, and as a driver entered the employ of Tomlinson & Co., stage proprie- tors. Not long afterward he engaged in mining iu San Bernardino County, which occupation he followed until 1862, when he again entered the employ of the same stage company, with whom he remained seven years, then engaging on his own account in the same business. In 1876 Mr. Wright bought a one-third interest in the No- gales Ranch, one of the finest properties in the beautiful San Jose Valley. The property is situated south of Spadra, the residence, one of the oldest in the valley, being about one mile from that place. The highway', leading from Pomona to Los Angeles, passes in its course one and a half miles through the proi>erty. The ranch contains 9,000 acres, partly fine valley lands and partly hill and valley interspersed, but all of fine quality. The property is devoted mainly to sheep and wool growing, about 5,000 sheep being kept. A few hundred each of cattle and hogs and about seventy-five head of horses UISTORT OF LOS AJSGBLB8 COUNTY. help to make up the stock usually to be found on the rancii. About 600 acres of land are kept for seeding to barley. Alfalfa is grown, and a variety of fruit and grapes. Since Mr. Wright became interested in the ownership of the ranch, he lias been the resident manager, his partner being a resident of Santa Cruz, California. Nogales Ranch is known to be not only one of the largest, but one of the finest grazing prop- erties of Southern California. fAMES C. WALLACE.— The subject of this sketch was born in Perry County, Ohio, September 29, 1833. His parents, James and Sarah (Plummer) Wallace, were natives of Pennsylvania. The death of his father occurred in 1837, and when he was but thirteen years old he was apprenticed to the watch-maker's trade, at which he was employed until the age of nine- teen years. In 1853 Mr. Wallace left Ohio and located at Jacksonville, Floiida, and for the next six years he was employed at his trade, working in various Southern States. In 1859 he finally located in Oxford, Mississippi, and there engaged in business as a jeweler and also in the drug business. The outbreak of the civil war in 1801 caused a disruption of his business as well as other enterprises in his State, and Mr. Wallace became a mail contractor under the Government of the Confederate States, and with his charac- teristic energy embarked in such other business pursuits as the disordered state of afl'airs per- mitted. He escaped the military service, which was distasteful to him, by reason of his emploj'- nient as a contractor under the Government. At the close of the war he was appointed proctor of the State University at Oxford, a position which he held until 1868. In 1871 Mr. Wallace came to California and located at San Gabriel. At that time he was almost entirely without means and with a family looking to him for support. Nothing daunted, he sought and ob- tained work in horticultural pursuits upon the ranch of 1!. D. Wilson, and afterward was en- gaged in the jewelry business for some months in Los Angeles. In 1873 Mr. Wallace and wife purchased from General Stoneman eleven acres of land ill the Alliaiiihra scliool district, about a mile and a quarter northwest of the San Gabriel Mission, where they took up their residence. He started his nursery, planting seeds and grow- ing his own trees. His industry, combined with intelligent care and well-directed efforts, secured him a success in his horticultural pursuits and he soon established one of the representative orchards and nurseries of the San Gabriel Val- ley. His orange grove contains nine acres, five acres of which are producing Sandwich Island seedlings and four acres of budded trees. Wash- ing Navels and Mediterranean Sweets. Lie has also a choice variety of deciduous fruits. Since first planting nursery stock for his orchard he has devoted a large share of his attention to that business, and has produced some of the finest trees in the valley. Upon their home place, at this writing, there is only a small stock, some 6,000 budded trees; but he has, in con- nection with his sons, established a nursery of 55,000 trees in Ramona, and one at San Fer- nando of 70,000 trees. Their stock is composed principally of citrus and deciduous fruit trees of the most approved varieties. The improve- ments on their home place are first-class in every res})ect. A neat and substantial cottage, com- modious barn and suitable out-buildings, all sur- rounded by shade and ornamental trees, denote the comfortable and well-ordered home, while rich floral productions add much to its beauty. In addition to their home orchard they have property interests in Ramona, owning their nursery of ten and a half acres, with a fine resi- dence and six town lots. They also own ten acres in San Fernando, which is well improved, and, in connection with leased land, is used for nursery purposes. In 1861 Mr. Wallace was married to Miss Martha E. Wilson, the daugh- ter of Wiley R. Wilson, a brother of the late B. D. Wilson, one of the early pioneers of Los Angeles County. Her father died at Downey in 1878. Her mother, nee Miss Elizal>eth Curi-y, y^ . ^::^ HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. a native of Tennessee, is now a resident of Downey. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Wallace there are seven children living, viz.: (irleii C, J. Wiley, George A., Benjamin W., Mattic E., Estella R. and John Walter. In the spring of 1884 Glen C. married Pallie L., the daiiofhter of Dr. Hampton, of Los Angeles, and is residing at San Fernando, conducting the nursery of Wallace & Sons. Mr. Wallace is well known in the San Gabriel Valley as one of its progressive and enterprising citizens, ready to aid in such enterprises as tend to develop tlie resources and build up the county. In political matters he is affiliated with the Democratic party. His family are members of the Chris- tian (/hurcli, of which he is p. strong supporter. : ( )SES LANGLEY WICKS.— In sketch- ing the lives of some men it is difficult '-rt«.3v-" to do so even briefly without appearing to use flattery, however conscientiously the writer may seek to adhere to facts and to give a faithful likeness. M. L. Wicks belongs to this class of men. However, let the facts speak for them- selves, the reader can then draw his own deduc- tions and interpret for himself the character, the principles, the motives of action, the quality, the timber, of the man whose story is thus in few words recounted. Mr. Wicks was born in Aberdeen, Monroe County, Mississippi, April 22, 1852. Major M. J. Wicks, his father, was a native of Savannah, and was of Welsh-English extraction, and his mother descended from the English Jennings family, intermixed in Amer- ica with Huguenots. While the subject of this sketcli was yet a child, his family moved to Memphis, Tennessee. Here he received his early education at a private academy. He also attended the Leddin Commercial College, where he graduated as an accountant, after which he entered the University of Virginia, where he spent two years in the study of ancient lan- guages, tiatural and moral philosophy, political economy, the math('niatics, mineralogy, history and literature. Later, he voluntarily took up international and constitutional law, for whicli he took his degree, thus enabling him to finish in one year the two years' law course of the Univer- sity. In a class of 124, twentj'-one, including Mr. Wicks, received the degree of B. LL. At this time hehad intentions of entering the arena of politics, but he was dissuaded therefrom by Professor John B. Minor, who is still a member of the law faculty of the University; and his resolution was further strengthened by attending a jiulitical ward-meeting in Memphis. But, al- though he was diverted from engaging in politics as a profession, he holds that no citizen should neglect his political duties. In -national politics Mr. Wicks is a Democrat; but in local nfiairs he believes in voting for the man whom he con- siders the best qualified for the office, without regard to political party lines. After graduat- ing, Mr. Wicks afsociated himself with his father in business at Memphis. In 1875 he mar- ried Miss E]izal)etli Littlejon, and came to Los Angeles, where liis fatluT had settled the pre- ceding year, having lust his fortune by Jay Cooke & Co.'s failure in 1873. He opened a law office at Anaheim and soon acquired a lucrative practice. True to the tradition of the Huguenot blood that was in him, he believed that conscience should enter into the profession of the lawyer as in every other calling. He made it a rule to thoroughly familiarize himself with the merits of every case intrusted to him; if not approved by iiis judgment, he sought to have the case settled on its merits, or if a civil suit, he declined to defend it; and thus knowing and believing in a meritorious case, he could advocate it with a force that sincere conviction always carried. In examining witnesses it was his invariable rule to treat them as gentlemen. and to never forget that he himself was a gen- tleman. In the conducti'ig of his cases he saw at a glance and recognized what was essential, and rejected all that was irrelevant, so that it was said of him that no man troubled himself less with the citation of authorities and prece- dents. In other words, he seemed to have a HISTORF OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. clear insight of fundamental principles and a love for natural justice, which are, indeed, prime characteristics of both the humblest attorney and of the most exalted judge. During his residence in Anaheim his first son was born to him, M. L. Wicks, Jr.; and some months after Mrs. Wicks passed away. In 1877 Mr. Wicks moved to the city of Los Angeles, which has ever since been his home. Here he continued to practice his profession until his extensive transactions in real estate and the numerous enterprises with which he became connected demanded his entire attention. He was a bold operator, and he met with remarkable success. He believed, as did many others, only he had the courage of his conviction, tliat the great valley of Los Angeles, with its boundless resources and its all-the-year- round nearly perfect climate, must become some day densely populated; and that land must always be in demand here for homes, as well as for what it will produce. A brief resume of Mr. Wicks's various land and other transactions will not be without interest here, in connection with and as a part of the story of his life. In 1882, in conjunction with Rev. C. T. Mills, founder of Mills's College for young ladies, one of the tirst institutions of its kind in Califor- nia or in the United States, Mi. Wicks pur- chased several large tracts of land, amounting iu all to about 14,000 acres, including the site of the town of Pomona. To secure for this property a;i ample supply of water, he sank more than a score of artesian wells; and, after purchasing a number of conflicting titles, he piped and conveyed to the property the waters of the San Antonio Canon. By means of these and other improvements, such as the construction of roads and the laying off of the lands, thereby making them attractive for homes, a wild and unculti- vated stock range has been converted into pros- perous settlements, occupied at the present time by more than 5,000 inhabitants. The Dreyfus tract, formerly a sheep pasture, constituting a part of the San Rafael Rancho, was also bought by Mr. Wicks and his associate for the sum of $50,000; and the wisdom of this investment, about which some people iiad misgivings at the time, was soon made manifest; for, in less than ninety days, portions of the laud were sold tor over $100,000; and yet many of the purchasers themselves have made on their outlay a profit of from 200 to 300 per cent. Mr. Wicks bought a body of land in San Bernardino County, near the eastern boundary of Los Angeles County, to which adjoining lands were added by other parties; and the Cucamonga Fruit- Land Com- pany was organized. Onto these tracts water was also brought in pipes or procured by means of artesian wells or tunnels, and thus waste places were made attractive to actual settlers who came and converted them into prosperous settlements. The Dalton portion of the San Jose Rancho was purchased by M. L. Wicks from J. S. Slanson and others for $255,000. Within four months, with the expenditure of $80,000 in furnishing a supply of water, a sufficient amount of land was sold to equal more than twice the amount of the original investment. The far- seeing sagacity of Mr. Wicks, and the magni- tude of his transactions, are further illustrated by the following: Believing that the present site of the Santa Fe Railroad depot would be, for manifold reasons, the most desirable loca- tion that could be selected in this city for the terminus of that continental thoroughfare, Mr. Wicks obtained a bond for the land, and made a trip to Topeka, while on a visit to the East, to impress on Vice-President C. W. Smith and otliers the desirability of this location. Subse- quently, when President Strong and Vice-Presi- dent Smith visited the city, though the bond had expired, Mr. Wicks was selected to secure the property for the company, which he did success- fully and satisfactorily to the company, charging and receiving no commission therefor. Mr. Wicks opened Second street, from Main street to within a few hundred feet of the river, without ex- pense to the city or Los Angeles. Tliis portion of Second street is now one of the most important cross thoroughfares of the city and is certainly a very important improvement (in a thickly set- tled section) to be made by a single individual. HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. He has dedicated more than ten miles of streets to the city of Los Angeles. Of course the en- terprise was a protitable one to Mr. Wicks, but it has also proved enormonsly profitable to a large number of other property owners along its line, as well as a great convenience to the gen- eral public. Mr. Wicks ha? been instrumental in the construction of more than a score of large reservoirs, and lie lias just completed one of a capacity of 45,000,000 gallons; and he strongly believes that the future material prosperity of Southern California depends largely upon the storage of water in reservoirs; and that these must be built either high up in the mountains or else outside the mountains in the plains or at points into which large water-sheds do not drain, claiming that a perfectly level surface is the best possible location for a reservoir. Mr. Wicks purchased the Lick tract of 2,300 acres, north of the city, for $85,000, and subdivided it, sank some wells on it, and sold it all ofi" generally to actual settlers; and probably, the tract could not now be bought for less than an advance of 500 per cent, over the original cjst. Mr. Wicks put the first $50,000 into the Los Angeles County Railroad, thus secur- ing its construction. He put $120,000 into the Ballona Harbor; and he holds that, though this latter enterprise is at present at a stand-still seed liai been sown that will bear fruit here- after; and that a competitive port may be created at that point at a comparatively small cost, by the Government, that will be of im- mense value to this valley and to the vast inte- rior, which, from the topography of the country, finds here its natural outlet and connection with the ocean. Mr. Wicks has been engaged in large enterprises in other counties. He is president of the Citizens' Water Company, and he has been an organizer and director of numberless other incorporated companies in Los Angeles County. He is a liberal contributor in aid of charitable and religious and educational objects. In 1881 Mr. Wicks was married to his second wife, by whom he has one son, Percey Langlcy. Mr. Wicks is still a young man, though he has already made himself a reputation as an edu- cated Christian gentleman. '^■^--^ fALEB E. WHITE.— Among the Califor- nia pioneers of 1849 and old residents of Los Angeles County is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, a brief review of whose life is as follows : He was born in Ilolbrook, near Boston, Massachusetts, February 5, 1830. His father, Jonathan White, a luitive of Massachusetts, was a prominent manufacturer and well-known business man. He died in 1875, aged eighty-seven years. His mother, Abigail (Holbrook) White, is still living, aged (in 1889) niuity-three yeirs. Mr. White was reared in his native place until nineteen years of age. It was then, 1849, when the gold fever was at its height. Being of an ambitious tem- perament and desirous of travel, he determined to seek his fortune in the new El Dorado, and in February, 1849, embarked in the brig Arcadian, bound upon a voyage around Cape Horn for Calitornia. A long and tedious voyage ensued, and the vessel with its impatient passengers did not reach San Francisco until October 29 of that year. Soon after his arrival in San Francisco Mr. White and other members of the company — originally started in Boston — opened a store in Sacramento. This partnership continued un- til the next year, and then he conducted a store upon his own account until 1852. Then he entered into fruit-growing on the American Itiver. He was a pioneer in this enterprise. Being compelled to ship his trees from the East the greater portion of them died while in transit, but, foreseeing the profits to be secured in the fruit industry in California, he decided to start a nursery, and in 1854 went East and secured a large variety of plants, with which he established a nursery about twelve miles east of Sacramento. Mr. White was largely engaged in fruit cultiva- tion and the nursery business upon the Ameri- can and Sacramento rivers until 1868. In that year he went to San Luis Obispo County and HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES UOUNTT. was extensively engaged in slieep-raising and wool-growing. In 1869 he took up his resi- dence in Los Angeles County, and estahlished a sheep ranch at Florence, six miles south of Los Angeles. In 1878 he sold out that bubiness and changed his residence to Los Angeles City. He tlien became interested in real-estate mat- ters in the county, and in 1875-'76 entered into the Los Angeles Emigration and Land Co-opera- tive Association, and was a director in that com- pany. In 1880 Mr. White moved to Pomona, and since the sale of the lands of his company to the Pomona Land and Water Company he lias devoted himself principally to horticultural pursuits. In this he has been very successful. His yeai'S ui experience in the nursery business and fruit'culture have enabled him to secure the best results possible, and one of the finest orange groves in the San Jose Valley is his eighteen- acre tract, located on Holt avenue, at the corner ot San Antonio avenue. Although citrus fruit is his specialty upon this tract, he also produces a large variety of deciduous fruits, such as apples, pears, peaches, apricots, olives, prunes, etc. Everything about his model place attests the successful orchardist. He is now (1889) employed in planting and cultivating what is destined to become the largest orange grove in the State. This 300-acre tract, located north of North Pomona, is owned by a wealthy capitalist of Oakland. Mr. White is an enthusiast in the possibilities of the citrus-fruit industry of the San Jose Valley, and also a firm believer in the future prosperity of the city of Pomona. Be- sides his orchard property he is the owner of some of the finest business property in Pomona, among which is the White Block, at the corner of Thomas and Second streets. He is a public- spirited and progressive citizen, taking an inter- est and lead in any enterprise that tends to develop the resources and add to the prosperity of his chosen valley. He is a member of Po mima city council; a suong Republican in poli- tics, but liberal and conservative in local mat- ters. He is a member of Pentalpha Lodge, No. 202, F. & A. M., of Los Angeles. In 1855 Mr. White married Mrs. Rebecca A. Holship, a native of Missouri. They have three cliildren living, viz.: Helen M., who married Thomas Caystile, formerly editor of the Los Angeles Tunes (now deceased); she is living at Los Angeles; Nannie C, who married Charles L. Northcraft, also liv- ing at Los Angeles; and Harry R., who is a member of his father's household. -fe fE. WOOD, contractor, 70 Chavez street, Los Angeles, is a native of Nova Scotia, ® born August 16, 1826. He attended school during his boyhood and began learning his trade. When seventeen years of age the family removed to Ontario, Canada, where he completed his apprenticeship and worked at his trade there, in Michigan, and in Buffalo, New York. Then he went East and followed his trade in New York City and in Washington in the navy yard, after which he returned to On- tario and remained there a number of years, un- til 1875, when he came to the Pacific Coast. He first located at Oakland, engaged in contracting, and. carried on the business there until 1882, when he came to Los Angeles, and since then has been successfully engaged in contracting and building. Among the buildings he has erected in Los Angeles is Six Brothers' Block, Jacobo's Block, Brown & Foster's hardware building, on Spring street; the handsome residence of Mr. Dodsworth, corner of Sixth and Main streets; the block on the corner of Smith, and Spring streets; the residence of Mr. Forrester, Seventh street, near Pearl street, and a great number of others. Ho has had a large experience in contracting and building and enjoys a high reputation for his ability and responsibility. While living in Bothwell, Canada, he was a member of the city council for six years and a member of the school board for a number of years; was also justice of the peace. In 1859 Mr. Wood was married to Miss Matilda McNeil, a native of Prince Edward Island. They have three chil- dren: Minnie and Annie, both married and BISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. liviuir in Oakland, California; and one son John Howard. He married his present wife, Miss Marion Smith, at Cliatham, Ontario, ou the 12th of April, 1869. fE. WHITE, cari'iage and wagon manu- facturer, Ko. 12 South Los Angeles " street, Los Angeles, is a native of Canada, born December 7, 1845. He attended the com- mon schools and learned his trade in London, Canada; then went to Michigan and remained there three years, and from there came to Kan- sas, where he resided four years. He came to California in 1875, located in Los Angeles and worked for Page & Gravel two and a half years. Next he entered into partnership with Mr. II. McGarvin, on Spring street, and they carried on the business together eight years, after which they dissolved, and Mr. White established his present trade at his present location. His shop is 30 X 120 feet in size and two stories in height. He manufactures all kinds of wagon and carriage, work to order, but mostly light work. He has machinery for doing his wood-work, and during the busy seasons employs from fifteen to twenty hands. By good management and close atten- tion to business he has built up a good trade. He had nothing when he began, and his success in life is owing to his own efforts. In 1874 Mr. White married Miss Jennie Hyberger, of the State of Iowa. They have three children: Agues, Alma and Hazel, and have lost one son, Clay Leslie. ^•^ fAUL WACK, proprietor of the Hill-Side Winery, Los Angeles, is a native of Ger- many and was born April 4, 1851. His father is in the wine business and an extensive vineyardist on the Rhine, and he was reared in the business from ciiildhood. He was a travel- itig salesman for his father in this country and superintendent of the business. He visited America during his early childhood, but came again to reside permanently in 1878, being on the road in the interest of his business. He lived in St. Louis four years, and caine to Los Angeles in 1885 and established his present winery. He also started a winery at Azusa, and buys a large amount of grapes. He has a good home trade and also ships the product of his winery' to Eastern markets. His premises have 390 feet front by 180 feet deep, and he has built up a successful business. Mr. Wack married Miss Constanze Steinecke, of Sc. Louis, Mis- souri. They have two children: Richard Peter and Arnold Paul. fOSEPH WEAVER, of the firm of Weaver Bros., proprietors of the Highland View iSfursery, Los Angeles, was born in the State of Ohio, December 23, 1843, and during his early childhood his parents moved with him to Illinois, where he grew up, attending school and learning his business. In 1875 he emi- grated to the coast, locating in the northern part of the State. NcKt, he was engaged in business in Tulare County several years, then three years in Arizona, and finally, in 1883, came to Los Angeles, and afterward became en- gaged in his present business in partnership with his brother. They are building up a fine trade, shipping their stock north, east and south. RS. BRIDGET WlLSON,corner of San Pedro street and Brooklyn avenue, Los Angeles, whose maiden name was John- son, is a native of Ireland, being born in County Lowth, near Dublin, and emigrated to this country in 1849. She came to California in 1853, landing at San Diego, and in a few days came to Los Angeles. During the same year^ in August, she married John La Rue, a native of France, who emigrated to the United States in 1849, and came to San Francisco, and joined HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. the throng going to the mountains to engage in mining. In the latter he did well. He then went to Mazatlan, Mexico, and while there was robbed twice by the Mexicans and barely es- caped with his life. In 1853 he came to Los Angeles and opened a restaurant and was mar- ried the same year. He afterward bought thirty-iive acres of land, wheie Mrs. Wilson now lives, and set out a vineyard and an orchard of oranges and other fruit, and made other improve- ments. He carried on the restaurant business until his death, which occurred in February, 1858. He went to a lire on Main street and took a severe cold, which caused his death. He was an estimable citizen. He left an estate, which has become very valuable, his widow be- ing the only iieir. In 1862 Mrs. La Rue mar- ried John Wilson, of this city, wlio is a native of Ireland and came to Los Angeles in 1858, engaging in blac.ksmithing. He has carried on the business here for twenty-two years, and by good management and shrewd judgment in in- vesting, he has accumulated a large amount of property. tj. WOOLLACOTT, wholesale dealer in pure California wines and brandies, 20 " and 28 North Spring street, Los Angeles. There is probably not a business house in South- ern California that has reached a higher standard in I he character and magnitude of its trade than the one which constitutes the subject of this sketch. Mr. Woollacott is a native of Salt Lake City, born August 21, 1858. He attended school during his boyhood and entered the great mercantile house of Walker Brothers of that city, where he remained si.x years, and in 1870 came to Southern California and located at Los Angeles. After clerking in a store for several years, he established liis present business at the above-named place. Since that time it has steadily grown and prospered until it extends to all parts of the United States. Mr. Woolla- cott makes a specialty of pure California wines and brandies, consisting of the follow-ing varie- ties: Port, Angelica, Sherry, Muscatel, Zin- fandel. Burger, Blauelba, Dry Muscat, Riesling, Madeira, etc. These are put up with great care for shipment to all parts of this country and Europe. Mr. Woollacott has had an experience of eighteen years and enjoys an enviable reputa- tion in dealing in pure California wines and brandies of the highest standard, and carries a large stock to supply the demands of his con- stantly increasing trade. He is prominently identiiied with all the progressive interests of the city; is a director in the State Loan and Trust Company, of Los Angeles. Mr. Woolla- cott was married December 25, 1880, to Miss Mary D. Yates, a native of Los Angeles. They have two children: Albert Henry and Margaret Elizabeth. --^-^wf*!^.^- fEORGE D. WEBSTER, contractor, Ma- rengo avenue, Pasadena, was born in Jersey County, Illinois, September 25, 1844; at- tended school during his boyhood, and, serving an apprenticeship, learned the trade of carpenter and joiner. After working at his trade until 1882, he came to California and located at Los Angeles, and engaged in building here four years. In 1886 he moved to Pasadena and en- gaged in contracting, and carried on a large business. Among the prominent buildings erected by him are the First National Bank, Carleton Hotel, the San Gabriel Valley Bank, Ward Block, Mills Block, Wood & Painter Block, Eldridge Block, Fish Block, Wood & Branbury Block, Brockway Block, Worcester Block, Morgan Block, AVebster Hotel, the Monk Hill School, the residence of Colonel Markham, E. C. Webster's All Saints' Rectory, residence of De Bath Shorbs, and Mr. Langford's, and many others, making a grand total in value of $1,115,000. Mr. Webster has been actively identified with all the best interests of Pasadena, and is an active supporter of every progressive movement to build up and beautify that city. HISTORY OP LOS ^UfGELBS COUNTY. 603 lie lias the greatest confidence in its future. Mr. Webster has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Jennie Crabtree, of Illinois, who died in 1871, leaving one daughter, Anna E. In 1876 he married Mrs. Aura Cockrell, for- merly Miss Aura Brown, of Missouri. She has ore diiugliter, Ella. Mr. and Mrs. Webster have a beautiful home on Marengo avenue. fEORGE S. WEINSHANK, nurseryman and florist, corner of Winton and Wall streets, Los Angeles, was born in this city, September 23, 1866. His parents, Andrew and Reffina Weiushank, settled here ten years pr viousl}'. His father is deceased, but his mother is still living in this city. One of the school- houses in whicli young Weinshank used to at- tend school was located where the court-house now stands, and another was on the corner now occupied by the Bryson & Bonebrake Block. After quitting scliool Mr. Weinshank was em- ployed in a dru^ account of the state of his healtl upon a ranch for a year; next for store two years; then on le went out year or two he was collector for a book publishing house, and since 1886 he has been successfully engaged in his present occupation. At first he was in partnership, the firm name being Ward & Wein- shank; in June, 1888, Mr. Weinshank bought his partner's interest. He makes a specialty of roses, ornamental frees, shrubbery, flowers, etc., etc. By close application to the interests of his trade he is building up a very good business. — ^€i fM. STRATTON, carpenter and contractor, 319 North Pearl street, Los Angeles, is a * native of the State of Kentucky, and was born July 2, 1864. His parents went to the State of Iowa the same year, remained there until 1870, and then removed to Kansas. The subject of this sketch served an apprenticeship to his ti-ade in the latter State, remaining there until 1884, when he Ci me to Los Angeles. He was employed as a journeyman for several years, after which he engaged in contracting and build- ing. An)ong other contracts he has erected two four-story frame buildings on Buena Vista street, and a large business block on Los Angeles street. He is a thorough, practical workman, and justly deserves his reputation as a competent builder. He was married May 1, 1887, to Miss Lucy Conn, of Kansas. They have one son, Henry Irving. tOBERT WACKENHUTH, proprietor of the Fulton Market, 124 East Fifth street, is a native of Newark, New Jersey, and was born March 12, 1864. He was reared and attended school in his native State, after which he went to New York, where he remained until 1883. He then went to Arizona and engaged in business in Prescott for several years. Mr. Wackenhuth came to Los Angeles in 1886, and engaged in the meat business; had a market oii the corner of San Pedro and First streets, and removed to his present location in 1889. He does a general trade in fresh and salted meats, and by careful attention to business is building up a fine trade. fHE LOS ANGELES CRACKER COM- PANY, corner of Aliso street and Aliso road, was organized in April, 1883, by L. Winter, K. T. Hanke and H. Weber. From the beginning the business has been a success, and is constantly increasing. During the past year their factory was entirely destroyed by tire, but with characteristic enterprise was immedi- ately rebuilt on a larger and more substantial scale Their premises comprise a large three and two story brick building, covering an area of 30 .\ 130 feet. It is well supplied with the latest and most approved machinery, and their manufactory is one of the best equipped on the Pacific Coast, to meet the demands of their ex- niSTORT OF LOS ANQEL, tensive trade. Thi^ linn now consists of Winter and Welier, botli experienced in all the details of the business. Mr. Winter is a native of Baden, Germany, born November 12, 1841. After attending scliool and serving tliree years in the army, he emigrated to America in 1865, and came to California the same year. Having an uncle in the northern part of the State, at Oroville, running- a bakery, he went there, entered his employ and soon succeeded to the business, and in 1866 he began making crackers, carrying on the business five years. In 1869 he went to San Diego and engaged in merchan- dising. In 1875, in company with his brother Joseph, he started a cracker bakery there, and carried on the business until 188B, when he came to Los Angeles, and since then has de- voted his entire time to the interests of their large trade. Mr. Winter is a prominent mem- ber of the I. O. (). F., the Turner Society, and the A. O. U. W. In 1869 he married Miss Annie Hoffman, a native of Baden, Germany. They have three children: Annie, Willie and Flora May. fOLONEL JOHN OZIAS WHEELER.— This gentleman has been a resident of and identified with the best interests of Los Angeles for the last forty years. His Puritan ancestors were among the early settlers of New England — the names of two are engraven upon the granite shaft erected in memory of those who fell in defense of Fort Griswold. Born and reared in New London, Connecticut, at the age of twenty he married and removed to Flor- ida. In February, 1849, Colonel Wheeler started for California, involving a land journey to Vick-e- burg, thence by steamer up the Mississippi and Arkansas rivers to Fort Smith; thence to New Mexico, down the Gila River, reaching the Chino Rancho on the 12th of August of that year. In conjunction with Colonel Isaac Will- iams, the then proprietor of the Chino, Colonel Wheeler went back to the confines of the Col- orado Desert with a train of merchandise and supplies, with headquarters at Agua Caliente, followed a few months afterward by a trading expedition across the Colorado Desert to the present site of Fort Yuma. In the summer of 1850 Colonel Wheeler, in company with his brother who had come to the coast via the Isth- mus, started a general merchandise business in Los Angeles, in connection with a forwarding and commission house at San Pedro. Passen- gers and merchandise were crudely handled in those days. On the arrival of vessels, the former were mounted on half-broken horses and headed for town. Some rode through, others came in later and on foot. Hauling was done ■with oxen and Mexican carts, or "caretas." The firm did a very extensive business, largely in Mexican goods, which came up the coast from the Pacific ports of Mexico. What was known as the First and Second Utah Expeditions were entirely armed and equipped, mounted and sup- plied while in the field by the firm, relying upon the credit of the State. In 1854 Colonel Wheeler and William Butts started a weekly newspaper, the Southern Californian, which was published in English and Spanish. While this pioneer journal, a file of which Colonel Wheeler has lately presented to the Historical Society of Southern California, was not osten- sibly a funny paper, it nevertheless contained a great deal of fun. Indeed, it was both lively and enterprising. On one occasion, and an ex- citing one at that, namely, the hanging of Dave Brown, the gambler murderer, by the people, the paper published a very full, and, the old settlers say, a very correct and graphic account of the affair before the hanging actually took place, in order, as the steamer left for the North that day, that the account might go up on that steamer and not have to wait for the next, two weeks later. The people who lived here in those days had determination and "back- bone," and knew what they wanted, and pro- ceeded to go for it without circumlocution; and when they had fairly made up their minds, as they had that day, editors ami reporters could HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. forecast what their actions would be with much more certainty than they can in these degenerate, indeterminate days, when tlie Goddess of Justice so often lets herself be hoodwinked and balked. Those who know Colonel Wheeler will not be surprised to be told that he made a capital editor. In 1858 and 1859 he was in the county clerk's office, and in December, 1860, he was appointed clerk of the United States Court for the Southern District of California, the sessions of which were held alternately in Los Angeles and Monterey. He moved to Mont- erey soon after and filled this office till the death of Judge Fletcher M. Haight in 1866, when the Southern and Northern judicial districts were consolidated. Mr. Wheeler then moved to San Francisco, where, as chief deputy of George C. Gorham, he conducted the office of clerk of the consolidated district until the close of the canvass made by that gentleman for Governor in 1867. During the years 1870-'71-'72 and part of 1873 he was chief clerk of the Indian Department of California. In 1874 he returned to Los An- geles as deputy collector of internal revenues for the district comprising Los Angeles, San Bernardino and San Diego counties. From 1880 to 1883 inclusive he was deputy clerk of the Supreme Court of California, in charge of the office at Los Angeles. In 1853 Colonel Wheeler organized the first military company in Los Angeles under the State laws. He was on the staff of Brigadier General Andres Pico along in the last of the "50's." He later raised and commanded a cavalry company in Monterey. He became secretary and manager of the Main Street Railroad in 1877. In 1883 he was en- trusted with a like position in the Olive Street riailvvay. His connection with both roads con- tinued till 1886; when, for the first time, ac- companied by Mrs. Wheeler, he revisited his old home, being absent in the East a little over a year. In early life Colonel Wheeler was a large land owner and fortunately held on to a remnant, which in these later years lias become valuable. He has retired virtually from active business, though he is president of the Por- phyry Paving Company. Colonel Wheeler has passed the meridian, but an iron constitution supplemented by uniform good health has pre- served his health, and his erect figure and elastic step give but little token of the years that have fled. Much of the social and business success of the Colonel is due to his amiable wife. Ar- riving in Los Angeles in 1851, she adapted herself to the novel conditions, secured and maintained the esteem and confidence of those with whom she cared to entertain social re- lations, and has ever been an efficient worker in all charitable movements. Colonel Wheeler has three daughters: Mrs. William Pridham, of Los Angeles; Mrs. Clay M. Green, of New York; and Mrs .F. H. McCormick, of Alameda. His only brother, H. Z. Wheeler, has been for some years past and at present Appraiser General in the Imperial Custom House at Yokohama. fD. WESTERYELT is a native of Michi- gan City, Indiana, and was born August * 21, 1844. His father, James Westervelt, then a prosperous dry-goods merchant, was a native of New York, and one of the pioneers of Indiana. He died in 1847 at Niles, Michigan. J. D. Westervelt is the youngest of his family of six children, and prior to the time of coming to Los Angeles had lived at Niles, Elkhart and Muskegon. Thirty-two years he has assidu- ously devoted to the art of photography, in which he excels. He married Miss Emma C. Conklin at Niles, Michigan, on December 6, 1865. ^ :.=^ ■>^ ■!■ c|c. .=: ^ tNDREW YOUNG, Superintendent of the motive power of the machine shops and docks at Wilmington and San Pedro, is a native of Laprairie near Montreal, Canada, where he was born October 24, 1849. He served an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade at S!ii^rl)rook, Province of Quebec, and HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. tliei) went to Bay City, Michigan, where he re- mained several years. He came to California in 1875, went up the coast, and was with the Seattle Coal and Transportation Company throe years on the sound; then he returned to San Francisco and was in the employ of the Fulton Iron Works until 1880, when he came to Wil- mington as engineer on one of the steamers, and entered the employ of General Banning, having the supervision of the motive power on the boats of the company and on the docks and in the shops, and since then, for the past nine years, has held that position. Mr. Young was mai-ried December 30, 1874, to Miss Carrie Kent, a native of Sherbrook, Province of Quebec, and they have four children: Mabel, George A., Phineas B. and Fenton K. U^CIIILLES C. YEAEY was born in Rich- )Ms mond, Virginia, in 1839. His parents, ■sj^ Hiram and Elizabeth (McLaughlin) Yeary, were natives of that State. In 1840 they emi- grated to Missouri and were among the eai-ly settlers of Jackson County. Mr. Yeary was reared upon his father's farm until twelve years of age, and then in 1851 accompanied Mr. Henry Hawkins on an overland trip to California. Upon his aiTival in the State he lived with Mr. Hawkins in Mokelumne until the next year, and then, although but a lad of thirteen years of age, started in life by going to the mining dis- tricts, where he spent a year or so, and then, in 1854, came to Los Angeles County and pur- chased stock which he drove to tiie mining counties, after which he went to Santa Crnz County and there engaged in stock-dealing and stock-raising, gradually increasing his business nntil 1857, when he stocked the Paso Robles Ranch, owned by Blackburn Brothers. He en- gaged in that business until 1861, when the mining excitement arose over tlie reputed dis- coveries of rich gold mines on the Colorado River. He closed his business and went to La Paz, and tiience to the mining districts, and for the next two years was engaged in prospecting and mining with varying success. He was the owner of the Lulu mine, and interested in others of less note. In 1863 he contracted the sale of his interests, and started for San Francisco to complete the bargain and receive his purchase money. He came overland to Wilmington, where he embarked on board the steamer Ada Hancock, April 23 of that year. This ill-fated steamer was destined never to complete her voyage, for shortly after leaving the wharf at San Pedro, the explosion of her boilers rendered lier a total wreck, which soon sank, carrying down a sickening load of dead and wounded passengers and crew. Between sixty and seventy lives were lost by this accident. Among the killed and wounded were many well known and remembered by old residents of the county. Thomas Workman, Dr. Miles, and a son of General Albert Sydney Johnson were among those remembered by Mr. Yeary. Mrs. J. De Barth Shi rb, also William and Joseph Banning, sons of General Banning, of Los Angeles County, were among those saved. Mr. Yearly's life was saved, but he was severely injured, having liis left leg broken and terribly bruised by the force of the explositm, which hurled him through the air and landed him among the wreckage in the water more than 100 feet from the vessel. He made a vigorous tight for life, and managed by swimming and clinging to portions of the wreck to sustain himself until rescued and placed in the Military' Hospital at Wilmington for treatment. It was not until nearly a year had expired that he was able to leave the hospital and proceed to San Francisco, where he was for months under medical treatment and unable to work. These misfortunes financially ruined him, and he returned to Los Angeles County and engaged in work for General Banning at Los Angeles and Wilmington. As he accumu- lated means he invested in property in Los An- geles, and, in 1874, opened a livery and sale stable on Aliso street, which he conducted until 1881. He then moved to Savannah, where he purchased the Savannah Hotel, which lie had HISTORY OF LOS ANGBLES COUNTY. since conducted. He is also tlie owner of some fine business and residence property in the city of Los Angeles. Mr. Yearj, though deprived of many opportunities in securing an education in early life, has, by his well-poised intellect, industry and strong will, overcome obstacles in lile that would thoroughly dishearten many a more favored man, and has secured a fair share of tliis world's goods. lie is well and favorably known, and has a large circle of friends in the community where nearly twenty-five years of his life have been spent. In political matters he is a Democrat. He is a consistent temper- ance man, both in precept and practice. In theological matters he is liberal, preferring that he be judged by his actions rather than by any creed. May 9, 1887, Mr. Yeary was united in marriage with Miss Fidelia Rayland, daughter of Abraham and Percilla (Elam) Rayland, resi- dents of Los Angeles County. Malcolm L. is their only child. fHE ATLAS MILLING COMPANY, corner of San Pedro and Filth streets, Los Angeles, was establislied in 1879 by Moore & Alexander, and they carried on the business until 1884, when they were succeeded by Meschendorf, Sutcliffe & Ashman. The mill runs largely on merchant work, grinding their own grain for feed, making a specialty of rolled barley. When they succeeded to the business they manufactured only 100 sacks per (lay, but they have increased this trade until they now have demand for 1,000 sacks per day. They have large local trade, as well as good shipping demand through Southern California and Arizona. The company are adopting the most ajjproved machinery and methods, and that their efJbrts are appreciated is shown by their constantly increasing trade. The company have their office and warehouse at 205, 207 and 209 South Los Angeles street. II. H. Mesch- endorf, who lias charge of the office and ware- house, is a native of (lermany, and was born July 21, 1861. His parents emigrated to this country when he was fourteen years of age, and went to Louisville, Kentucky. The subject of this sketch entered a store as clerk, and after- ward engaged in the grocery trade, and re- mained in that city until 1884, when he came to Los Angeles, and since then has been engaged in the milling business. John Sutcliffe was born in England, October 28, 1841, learned his trade there, and came to the United States in 1871, reaching Boston in November. Ue held the position of foreman of the machine shops of the Pacific corporation at Lawrence, Massachusetts, for eleven years. In 1882 he came to the Pacific Coast and settled in Los Angeles, and went into the 7nachine shops of the Baker Iron Works, and afterward became a partner in the business until 1884, when he disposed of his interests there, and since then has been successfully identified with the milling business. James Ashman was born in England, March 25, 1848; came to America in 1870; entered the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad as a locomotive engineer, and remained with that company eleven yearss holding a good position. He came to Los An- geles in 1884, on account of ill health, and en- gaged with his present partners in the milling business. He gives his whole attention to the mill, and every detail of the manufacturing is under his practical supervision. He married Miss Lizzie Smith, a native of Liverpool, Eng- land, and they have three children: Emma, Lilly and Bartram. aESSRS. MAIER & ZOBELEIN, pro- prietors of the Philadelphia Brewery, 234 to 242 Aliso street and 129 to 137 Sanaevain street. This large and important enterprise was established in 1874, in a small way. The business changed hands several times previous to 1881, at which time it came into possession of its present enterprising proprie- tors, Messrs. Maier &, Zobelein, and since then they have added to the capacity from time to HISTORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. time; and when the extensive iinprovenieuts now in progress are completed it will be one of the largest and best equipped breweries in the State. Their premises are located on Aliso street, and occupy 155 x 200 feet of ground, which is covered by a six-story building and is completely equipped with all the modern and improved machinery and propelled, by two large engines. The capacity of the Philadelphia Brewery is 20,000 gallons daily, or 30,000 gal- lons in twenty-four hours. They also have ex- tensive bottling works connected with the brewery. They have two ice machines with a capacity of seventy tons every twenty-four hours; and from fifty to 100 hands are em- ployed in the various departments ot their brewery. They are the only manufacturers of lager beer in Southern California. The quality of this product is unsurpassed, and they do an enormous business, which is constantly in- creasing. The superior quality of their beer has created a large demand for it here, and they also have a large shipping trade. Their supply of grain is secured from the adjoining counties, and they require from 50,000 to 70,000 sacks of barley during the season. By their ability and enterprise they have demonstrated their sound, practical business judgment, and they have established an enviable reputation for in- tegrity, and are actively identified witii the progress and development of the city and county. Joseph Maier, of the firm of Maier & Zobelein, was born in Bavaria, Germany, Octo- ber 30, 1851. He attended school and served an apprenticeship to the brewing business in liis native country. Upon reaching manhood he came to the United States, in 1872. In 1875 he came to California, and in 1882 be- came associated with Mr. Zobelein. Since then they have carried on their extensive business. In 1875 Mr. Maier married Miss Mary Schmidt, a native of Wisconsin. They have three chil- dren, two sons and one daughter: Freddie J., Lulu M. and Eddie R. George Zobelein, of this firm, is also a native of Bavaria, Germany, and was born August 12, 1845. He was reared and learned his business in his native country. After reaching manhood he emigrated to the United States, in 1867; came the same year to California, and the following year to Los An- geles, where he engaged in the grocery busi- ness. In 1882 he became assoc'ated with Mr. Maier in the enterprise above described. In 1870 Mr. Zobelein married Miss Brigada Graf, a native of Mexico. They have seven children, four sons and three daughters, residing in their beautiful park on Figueroa street, a large tract of land which they acquirea in early times and is now in the finest suburl) of the city. ►^^ |mUGUSTE AMAR, deceased, was born in |Mj Dauphiny, France, in 1847. His parents ■^^ were Fidele and Mary Auiar, botli natives of that country. Mt. Amar was reared and schooled in his native land until 1867, when he emigrated to the United States, and located in San Francisco, where for the next ten years he was engaged in various occupations. In 1877 he came to Los Angeles County, and engaged in raising sheep and growing wool in the San Jose Valley. In this he was successful, and in 1881 he purchased 1,836 acres of hill and val- ley land just east of Fuente, upon which he commenced his improvements and engaged in general farming and stock-growing. There he established one of the finest farms in the sec- tion, planting orchards and vineyards, and erect- ing a fine country home, commodious barns, out-buildings, etc. He planted eighteen acres in vines of the most popular wine-grape varie- ties, from which he manufactured a tine quality of wines; also a family orchard containing a large variety of citrus and deciduous fruits. About 300 acres of his land being of a rich, deep soil, located in the valley, he devoted it to hay and grain. Mr. Amar, in addition to liis farming operations, was also identified with the development of the Puente oil wells and the building up of the town of Puente. In 1880 he was joined in marriage with M iss Alphonsine HISTORY OF LOiS ANOBLES COUNTY. Gaucher, the daughter of Xavier and Honorine Gaucher, natives of France, but residents of Los Angeles. By this marriage there are living three children, viz.: Constance, Auguste and P'idele. Tiie first cliild. Marguerite, died in 1888, aged seven years. The fourth child, Therese, died in the same year at the age of three years. Mr. Amar was tlie builder of his own fortune, and achieved his success in life by energetic and industrious habits, coupled with sound business principles and honest dealing with his fellow man. He died March 14, 1888, leaving a large circle of friends and acquaint- ances who joined his bereaved family in sin- cerely mourning the loss of a kind and affection- ate father, a good friend and esteemed citizen. Since his death his widow has conducted the operations of the farm, etc., upon which she is residing and rearing her children. fOllN ALLIN. — Among the energetic and progressive men who have been identified with the building up of Pasadena and cre- ating the second city of importance in Los Angeles County, is the subject of this sketch. Mr. Allin is a native of England, dating his birth at Plymouth in 1834. His parents, Will- iam and Mary (Danbury) Allin, were natives of Devonshire County, England, and at the time of his birth were en route to the United States. They settled in Knox County, Ohio, in that year, and engaged in farming occupations until 1849, and then moved to Missouri, residing in Colwell and Davis counties until 1851, and then finally locating in Johnson County Iowa. Mr. Allin was reared to farm life, receiving such an education as was offered by the common schools. He was the oldest of the ten children of the family, and, as his father was an invalid, much of the care and responsibility of the farm oper- ations devolved upon him. He became a strong, self-reliant man, remaining at home, caring for the family until he reached his majority. He tiicn startt'd in lite for liimself, teaming and taking contracts for breaking up prairie lands, and finally settling down to farming occupa- tions upon lands of his own in Johnson County. Mr. Allin was one of the representative men of his district, taking a deep interest in all that advanced its welfare. A strong supporter of schools, he served many years as a school trus- tee and treasurer. He conducted his agricult- ural operations in Missouri until 1883, and in that year came to Los Angeles County and took up his residence in Pasadena. He purchased from Mr. Painter ten acres of land on the cor- ner of Fair Oaks and Mountain avenues, upon which he commenced horticultural pursuits. He also purchased a sixty-acre tract of land about two miles east of Pasadena, devoting it to grain- raising. This land he sold in 1886. From the very first Mr. Allin took an interest in building up Pasadena. He was one of the syndicate that developed and perfected the splendid water sys- tem, of North Pasadena, and has been for many years a director of the Pasadena Lake Vineyard Land and Water Company. He was one of the incorporators of the First National Bank of Pas- adena, and has been a director since its organ- ization. He was also among the projectors and incorporators of the Fair Oaks and North Pasa- dena I'ailroads, and interested in the Pasadena Gas Works. He was the first to establish the street sprinkling system in the city. During the past three or four years he has been en- gaged in real-estate operations, more as a builder than as a speculator. In 1886 he built stables and established a livery business on Raymond avenue. This he sold out in 1887. He has also been engaged in contract work, piping water, etc. Mr. Allin is a successful man, straightforward and honoral>le in his dealings. In political matters he is a stanch Republican. He is a member of Pasadena Lodge, No. 151, A. O. U. W. In 1861 Mr. Allin was united in marriage with Miss Jamima Townsend, the daughter of David and Sidney (Mandlin) Town- send. Mrs. Allin is a native of Wayne County, Indiana. Her parents were from Ohio. Mr. and Mr.-. Allin have three children. The two HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. sons, Thomas D. and Cliarles A., are now (1889) engaged in tlieir studies at the University of California. Tlie dangliter is Rosa L. S. ARNOLD, proprietor of the Alta Planing-mill, corner of San Pedro and ' Seventh streets, is a native of Rhode Island, and was born April 14, 1851; attended school during his boj'hood and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner. He came to California in 1871, and was in different parts of the State until 1880, when he caine to Los Angeles and engaged in contracting and building, and during the past ten years has erected some of the finest residences and business blocks in this city. Li January, 1888, he became the proprietor of the Alta Planing-mill, and is engaged in manu- facturing sash, blinds and doors and all kinds of mill work, and has a large established trade, which is constantly increasing. In June, 1875, Mr. Arnold was united in marriage with Miss A. E. Horton, a native of California. They have one son, Ray. Mr. Arnold is connected with the order of I. 0. O. F., being a member of Lodge No. 35. — ^€®:i&'^ — fC. ALLEN, contractor, Los Angeles, was born iti the city of Montreal, Canada, ® August 20, 1847, attended school there, ai.d when seventeen years of age went to Rut- land, Vermont, where lie served an apjjrentice- ship learning his trade. After reaching manhood he went to Chicago and worked at his trade, and was foreman for the contractors in the erection of the Exposition Building on the hxke front. He went to Peoria and engaged in building, and for ten years was the leading contractor in that city and did the heaviest building work there, including several of the largest distilleries, the extensive sugar works, the Peoria Storage Ware- house, one of the largest in the country, and many of the largest business blocks. He came to Los Angeles in 1887, and since then has been successfully engaged in contracting here. He has the contract for constructing the large cable houses for the Street Railway Company in Los Angeles. He has had a large practical experi- ence in brick and stone work, and has taken a prominent place in the business here. Mr. Allen married Miss Barrows, of Peoria, Feb- ruary 11, 1883, and they have two children, Olive C. and Ilortense. — -^^m^-^ — fllRIS ANDERSON, contractor, North Griffin avenue. East Los Angeles, is a na- tive of Denmark, born June 18, 1844. He attended school during boyhood and acquired the rudiments of his trade in his native country. In 1861 he emigrated to the United States, went to Wisconsin, and was employed in a sash, door and blind factory, where he completed liis trade, and afterward went to Chicago. During the war he went South and was in the employ of the Government. He returned to Chicago, followed his trade there and in Wisconsin, and from there went to Terre Haute, Indiana, re- maining at the latter place two years. In 1869 he made a visit to his native land, and while there married, May 21, 1869, Miss Mary Knut- sen, a native of Denmark. After his return to this country they spent a few months in Wis- consin, after which they settled in Terre Haute, Indiana, and remained there ten years. In 1880 they came to the Pacific Coast and located at Los Angeles. The following year Mr. Anderson engaged in contracting and building, and since then, for the past eight years, has been prom- inently identified with building interests of this city and county. Among the many buildings erected by him are the Hammond Block, Spring street; Hayden Block, East Los Angeles; Mu- hally Block, Buena Yista and College streets; Edgar Block, Cram residence. Judge Taney's residence, and the residences of White, Zech and Norton, and also many others. Mr. Ander- son has had a large experience and has earned -^7i4d^;ylcL^^ ^^I-t^ HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. an enviable reputation for liis ability as a con- tractor and also for his integrity and fair deal- ing. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have eight children : William A., Albert H., Mary C, Fannie P.., Flora C, Rosa A., Christina T. and Waldeniar. One daughter, Laura I'., is deceased. They have an attractive iioine on North Griffin avenue, comprising four or five acres of ground. Their large and beautiful residence has just been com- pleted. Mr. Anderson also owns other property in the city and country. AUTIN G. AGUIRRE was born in San V 1 I »iego, September 6, 1858. His father "^rtijrf^ was Don Jose Antonio Aguirre, a native of Madrid, Spain, and his mother was Dona Rusario Estudillo, daughter of Jose A. Estudillo and iiee Victurio Doiningnez. Mr. Aguirre came to California in 1840. He married Dona Rosario Estudillo. He died in 1860, leaving a widow, who still resides at San Diego, and four children, namely: Miguel; Dolores, who mar- ried Francisco Pico, of San Diego; Jose An- tonio, who married Leonor Cardwell and is a resident of Los Angeles; and Martin G., the present sheriff of Los Angeles County. The lat- ter came to Los Angeles County when nine years of age. He received his education at Prof. Lawler's Institute, in Los Angeles, and at the S.uita Clara College. He was a deputy under Sheriff George E. Gard two years; and in 1886 he was elected constable by 421 majority over his opponent, on the Republican ticket when almost the entire ticket was defeated; and in November, 1888, he was elected sheriff' on the Republican ticket by a majority of 3,987 votes over his Democratic competitor, Mr. Thomas E. Rowan, who was considered to be the strongest man in the Democratic party. Mr. Aguirre, although still a young man, is a brave and most efficient officer. While yet a subordinate under Sheriff' Gard, he displayed those qualities of character which have since marked him as a man eminently qualified, by his bravery and skill, to win success in the pursuit and capture of criminals. His daring and activity, shown in saving lives and property in the flood of 1886, won him the plaudits of the entire com- munity, as well as the lasting gratitude of those whose lives he saved and of their families and immediate friends. Mr. Aguirre, who is the youngest sheriff this county ever had, takes a chivalrous pride in faithfully performing the onerous duties of his important office; and the people of Los Angeles County are proud of their young sheriff, as was manifested by the over- whelming majority by which he wis elected. fOLUiXEL R. S. BAKEli, one of the most prominent, and perhaps the best known, citizens of Los Angeles, was born in Provi- dence, Rhode Island, in 1825, and is the son of Rev. Luther Baker, a Baptist clergyman, who officiated for years as pastor of the First Baptist Church in that city, the oldest and leading Church of that denomination in the State. Colo- nel Baker's ancestors were among the earliest settlers in Rhode Island. The Baker home- stead was one of the first houses' built in War- ren, that State, many years before the Revolution ; and the Baker wharf, at the foot of Baker street, in that town, includes the Massasoit Spring and the site of the former residence of that cele- brated Indian chief. Colonel Baker's brother, William L., was United States Consul at Guay- mas, Mexico, under the administration of Pres- ident Lincoln. In the winter of 1862, while returning from a mining expedition in the in- terior of the State of Sonora, he was ambushed and killed by the Apache Indians. Colonel Baker was among the pioneers of California. Leaving New York on the steamer Oregon, he arrived in San Diego, March 20, 1849, and pro- ceeded at once to San Francisco, where he en- gaged in business in company with Joseph and George Lewis Cooke, of Providence, Rhode Isl- and, the firm being known as Cooke, Baker & Co. In February, 1850, he severed ins con- UISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. nection with that concern, and bought three vessels for the purpose of shipping his goods to Marjsville, where lie had started in business. This venture, however, not proving as success- ful as he desired, he sold out and engaged in mining on Poor Man's Creek, in Sierra County. His health not periniting him to continue his mining pursuits, he started for Fort Tejon in company with General E. F. Beale, afterward Minister to Austria, and in 1861 engaged in tiie cattle and sheep business. This enterprise proved a great success, and was tlie starting point toward amassing his present handsome fortune. In 1874 he married the opulent and accomplished widow of Don Abel Stearns. This gentleman, a native of Boston, Massachusetts, but for many years a resident of Los Angeles, was a land and cattle king, and at his death all his vast posses- sions passed under his will into the hands of his widow, now Mrs. Baker. She is the daughter of Don Juan Bandini, deceased, who for a long time prior to his death resided at San Diego, though he was formerly a resident of Los An- geles. It is said that at one time Bandini and Stearns together owned nearly the whole of Southern California. When Colonel Baker first arrived in San Francisco he erected a building there, which he bought in the East at a cost of $2,500 and had sent out on a sailing vessel, from which he realized a rental of $36,000 a year. The Baker Block on Main street, Los Angeles, was erected by him in 1878, at a cost of $25,000, and this, too, at a time when the city was perfectly dead in a business point of view, and wlien there were scarcely anything but adobe structures in the place. It required rare courage and perseverance to rear such an edi- fice at such a time. It is to-daj' one of the finest and most substantially built blocks in Los Angeles. The construction of this elegant block inspired confidence in tlie future of the city, and was undoubtedly one of the main factors in laying the foundation for the marvelous growth and prosperity of the metropolis of Southern California. In this action it is im- possible to deny to Colonel Baker the merit of extraordinary foresight. Among the other prop- erties acquired by him is the San Vicente Ranch, of 36,000 acres, bordering on the Pacific Ocean, and on which is located the town of Santa Mon- ica. He originally owned the whole of this princely domain, but sold the major part of it to Senator Jones, of Nevada. They jointly do- nated 300 acres of this territory, valued at not less than $100,000, to the United States Gov- ernment for a soldiers' home; and they have provided an ample supply of pure water for the use of this institution. The Hotel Arcadia at Santa Monica Beach was named in honor of Mrs. Baker. In addition to his city property. Colonel Baker owns the upper portion of Pn- ente Ranch, 5,000 acres; the Laguna Ranch, 11,000 acres, a portion of which is in the city of Los Angeles; and the Camulo Ranch at Newhall, of 6,000 acres, on which are oil wells that he works at a profit In the development of the mining interests of the country he has great concern, and owns and has interests in the mines all over the coast. In politics the Colonel is and has always been an ardent Re- publican, though he has never sought or wished for public office. He is probably as well known throughout the State of California as any man in it, notwithstanding the fact that he has made no efl'ort to figure in public life. fDWARD A. BAER, pharmacist and pro- prietor of the drug store at No. 16 North Spring street, is a native son both of the Golden State and of the "Angel City," having been born in Los Angeles. His father, A. Baer, came from tlie city of New Orleans to California in the '50's. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in this city, and has been actively connected with the drug busi- ness in the several capacities of apprentice, clerk and proprietor ten years. In the early part of 1888 he opened his present attractive store, and being in one of the choicest localities in the city, he has iiad a fine growing business BISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. from tlie start, a prominent feature being his large prescription trade. His stock comprises everytliing in tlie line of drugs and cliemicals, and a general assortment of toilet and fancy articles. He manufactures several preparations for his own retail trade. Mr. Baer learned the business with Mr. C. F. Heinzeman, the oldest active druggist in this part of the State, and is lie of the mg yc men of Los Aneeles. I^ON. JOHN RYLAND BRIEKLY was ^m\ born at Great Falls, JSfew Hampshire, July ^ft6 16, 1839. His father. Rev. Benjamin Brierly, was a native of England, and when a child came to America with his father. He re- ceived his education at the Newton Theological Seminary, Newton, Massachusetts, and after graduating there preached at Dover, Great Falls and Manchester, New Hampshire; Springfield, Vermont, and Salem, Massachusetts, coming from the latter place to California in 1849. In 1850 he was chaplain in the California State Senate, and during the same year organized a private school at Sacramento, which he taught one year. He then had charge of the First Bap- tist Church of Sacramento, until June, 1852, the First Baptist Church of San Francisco until 1858, wlien, resigning the latter, he removed to his farm adjoining the city limits of San Jose. Ill 1860 he became pastor of the Baptist Church at Nevada City, at which place he died in July, 1863, at the age of fifty-one years. His mother, nee Mary Jane Harville, was born at Amherst, New Hampshire. She was a graduate of the Seminary at New Hampton, where she was mar- ried to Rev. Mr. Brierly in 1836. Previous to lier marriage she was a teacher in the public scliools of her native State. She was the mother of two children: Frank A., the subject of this sketch, and Mrs. Jennie M. Tarlton, of San Jose, California. Her paternal ancestors were English, while on her mother's side they were Scotch- Irish, the latter being among the first settlers of I.ondondei'ry. New Hampshire, and the Harville homestead at Chestnut Hills, Am- herst, has been the home of the Harvilles for over two centuries. The subject of this sketch did not come to California until 1852, when, in his thirteenth year, he accompanied his father, who had returned to New Hampshire on a visit. After remaining here one year he went back to his native State and attended the seminary at Claremont until August, 1855, when he again came to California accompanied by his sister. He made his home in San Francisco iintil No- vember, 1856, when he went to his father's farm near San Jose, remaining there until February, 1860. In that year he came to Los Angeles County, and engaged in farming and stock- raising till July, 1863, when he returned to San Jose and attended the San Jose Institute one year. He was then employed in the schools of Santa Clara until March, 1866, when he was elected superintendent of schools of Santa Clara by the school board, and was so employed till March, 1868. He then taught in the public schools of Santa Clara County two years, in Los Argeles Comity three years, and in 1873 was appointed United States ganger, serving as such till May, 1876. At that time he engaged in the real-estate business at Los Angeles. During 1880 he was assistant secretary of the State Senate, and in 1881, journal clerk of the same. He was also deputy county clerk for a time, and in 1882 received the appointment of col- lector of customs for the district of Wilming- ton, with headquarters at San Pedro, California, holding the position until the expiration of his term of office in 1886. In November of that year he was elected by the Republican party a member of the State Legislature to represent the Seventy-sixth Assembly District. In the assembly he served as S]ieaker^?'o tern, and was chairman of the committee on education. He was also selected by the assembly Republican caucus to take charge of the general appropri- ation bill during the absence of the chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. In June, 1887, Mr. Brierly engaged in the real-estate business at Los Angeles, and so continued until being HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. deputized county superintendent of Los Angeles County by Superintendent W. W. Seaman in April, 1888, ai,d is now tilling that position. Mr. Brierly says he is a " confirmed bachelor and a crank on public schools." He is an exempt tireinan, having been a member of the Los An- geles fire department for ten years, and eight years during that time was president of Confi- dence Engine Company, No. 2. Ou the 22d of February, 1884, he was presented with a beau- tiful gold badge by the members of his company, which he wears continually, and on which is inscribed, "Our Dad, from his boys." He is a charter member of Los Angeles Lodge, No. 55, A. O. U. W., and also of San Pedro Lodge, No. 3,342, K. of P., of which order he is the Past Chancellor and District Grand Chancellor. fOHN G. BLUMEK was born in Harwich, Essex, England, in 1845. His parents, George and Clementina (South) Bluiner, were representatives of old English families. George Blumer was an active, energetic busi- ness man, who for many years was engaged iu ship-building at Hartlepool, England. He was able to give his son superior educational ad- vantages, who, after graduating at Edinburgh, served an apprenticesliip in his father's employ, and later, under the firm name of George Blumer & Son, became his partner. Not long after- ward his father's failing health placed him in charge of the business. The death of the former in 1867 caused him to sell out and change his occupation. At Darlington he became general agent of extensive coal mines in the county of Durham, which position of trust Mr. Blumer held until he left England and came to Califor- nia. While in Darlington he was engaged in mercantile business, and also acted as agent for the Diamond Rock Boring Company during 1871, 1872 and 1873, and was agent for Ferens & Love, cual owners, from 1868 until he left England. During his residence in Darlington, notwithstanding his very active business life, | he filled many positions of great responsibility and honor. He was a director of the Darling- ton Sreel Company, president of the Tees Bottle Company, a director of the Wingate Limestone Company, and i.ssociated with many of the edu- cational institutions, a member of the Darling- ton school board, governor of the Darlington Grammar School, honorable secretary of the Darlington High School for girls, arfd also hon- orable secretary of the Cambridge and Durham University Extension scheme. In 1871 Mr. Blumer wedded Miss Julia Edith Walford, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Porter) Walford. Mrs. Blumer was born in London. The names of their six children are: George, Elisie, Hilda, Edith, Philip Walford and Fred- eric Brakspeare. Mrs. Bluiner is an authoress. Among the best known productions from her pen are "Little Content" and the translation of the "Chevalier Bayard" from the French. She has also compiled "The Words of Wellington" and the "Table Talk of Napoleon." In 1886 Mr. Blumer, on account of failing health, de- cided to leave the land of his birth, and seek restoration in this sunny land of fiowers. He never has regretted having chosen the beautiful Sierra Madre district, with its equable tempera- ture, pure air and water and delightful scenery, as his future home. His home is on the north side of Grand View avenue. There he bought eleven and a luilf acres, which proving more than he needed for home comforts, he sold seven acres. His residence is commodious and fitted with all the conveniences of a modern home. Correspondingly good out-buildings are noted, as well as an orchard planted with nearly every variety of citrus and deciduous fruit trees. Mr. Blumer also owns property at Long Beach. Li his new home he shows much of the same pub- lic spirit which so prominently marked his life in the old. He is a stockholder and late direc- tor of the Sierra Madre Water Company, and president of the board of trustees of tiie Sierra Madre Library. Mr. Blumer has recently com- menced the manufacture of fruit extracts. Over twenty years he has been affiliated with UTSTOHY Ot LOS ANGELES COUNTY. the ancient and lionorable order of Freemasons. He is also identified witii other fraternal and Leneticent societies. Few men liavo been as fortunate in ii;ainiiig the esteem and confidence of his neighbors in so short a time as Mi-. Blumer. In conclusion we will add the hope that long may he and his estimable wife enjoy life under their own vine and fig tree in this glorious land of onrs. fTANLEY T. BATES is one of the ener- getic and progressive iiorticulturists of the San Jose Yalley. Ilis model place of twenty-two and a half acres in extent is located about one-half mile west of Spadra, where he has resided since 1882. He has seventeen acres in vineyard devoted to choice varieties of wine grapes, such as the Mission, Malvoisie, Vietora, Muscats, etc. No irrigation is done upon his lands, but the thorough cultivation and care which he exercises give good results. The yield from his vines in 1888 was an average of about eight tons per acre. His family orchard of two and a half acres contains a large variety of citrus and deciduous fruits. A neat cotta.;e residence and commodious barn are among the improve- ments upon his place. In addition to the care and cultivation of his home place, Mr. Bates is also engaged in general farming upon rented land, cultivating about 125 acres each year. He is also devoting considerable attention to bee culture, having 200 stands of bees in his apiary, which is located in the foot-hills north of his home. He is interested in other sections of the county, being an owner of property in the cities of Los Angeles and Fomona. Mr. Hates is a native of Vermont, born in Chittenden County, in that State, in 1856. Ilis parents, George N. and Marion (Wright) Bates, were both natives of that State. He was reared as a farmer, re- ceiving at the same time a good education in the public schools. In 1870 he determined to seek his fortune in California, and he came to Los Angeles County and located at Spadra, where he engaged in farm labor for his uncle until 1882, when he purchased his present home and com- menced its improvement. Mr. Bates is a prac- tical farmer, possessed of those energetic and industrious characteristics so necessary to a successful prosecution of his business. He is a desirable acquisition to any community and is respected and esteemed by his neighbors. In political matters he is a stanch Republican. Is unmarried, and his father and mother are living with him; also his brothers, Harry and George, have their home with him, and assist him in his farming operations. tAFAEL BASYE, deceased, one of the well- known early residents of the San Gabriel Valley, was born in New Mexico, May 1, 1832; but while a youth his parents located in Missouri, where Mr. Basye was reared as a farmer and stock-grower. In 1856 he crossed the plains to California, and located in Los Angeles County, where, in connection with his uucle, John Sanches, he was engaged in sheep-raising and wool-growing, in the San Gabriel Valley. February 15, 1869, Mr. Basye' was united in marriage with Miss Marintoni Albitre, the daughter of Anastasio and Luteria (Verdugo) Albitre. Mrs. Basye is a native of Los Angeles County, and her parents were also natives of California, and descendants of old Spanish fami- lies of Mexico. After his marriage Mr. Basye took up his residence at the old mission of El Monte, where he engaged in general merchan- dise pursuits and other enterprises until his death, which occurred February 27, 1887. lie is a pioneer of Los Angeles County, and well known throughout the San Gabriel Valley, where he had spent over thirty years of his life as a respected and esteemed citizen of the land of his adoption. The following are the names and dates of birth of his children: James C, March 28, 1870; Rafaelia, July 25, 1873; Thomas H., August 7, 1875; Miguel, September 7, 1878; Edward, April 8, 1883, and Isabello, June 12. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 1885. Since his death his widow and family have resided at the old mission and conducted a grocery store, wliich is under the immediate charge of James C. Ba?ye. They are also en- gaged in cultivating a forty-acre tract of land owned by Mrs. Basye, and located about one mile northeast ofEl Monte, upon which there are seventeen acres of vineyard devoted to wine grapes, family orchard, etc. — ^€@::®»-^ — II.LIAM R. BARBOUR.— Among the .ll-known residents of the Azusa dis- rict is the above-named gentleman, who is engaged in the nursery business and agricult- ural pursuits at Covina. Mr. Barbour is oc- cupying ten acres of the well-known Phillips tract, which he is devoting to nursery stock of various kinds of citrus and deciduous fruit trees. He has selected soil which seems well adajited to the production of thrifty and hardy stock. This enterprise was not commenced by him un- til 1888, but he now has 30,000 budded orange and lemon trees, 25,000 deciduous fruit trees, mostly French prunes and apricots, and over 50,000 Mission olive plants, which will be budded with the most approved variety of olives. Mr. Barbour is inaking a decided success in his horticultural pursuits, which is the result of his study and intelligent experiments. He has also tifty acres of iine land south of Covina, which is now in grain, but will at an early date be set with citrus fruits; and a 100-acre tract in the San Joaquin Valley, which is being rapidly im- proved by planting with citrus and deciduous fruit trees. The subject of tliis sketch is a na- tive of Kentucky, born in Washington County in 1848. His father, Richard Barbour, was a native of Kentucky, and a descendant of an old Virginia family of Colonial times. He was a farmer by occupation, and Mr. Barbour was reared to the same calling, and was given the best of advantages in securing an education. He graduated at the University of Virginia, and in 1873 was sent to the German universities, where he perfected himself in chemistry. Upon his return to the United States, he engaged in the occupation of a teacher. In 1875 he came to California and was lirst located in El Dorado County, and afterward went to Alameda County, where he was engaged as an instructor in the well-known McClure Military Academy and the Golden Gate Academy, and later as the Profes- sor of Chemistry at the State University of Cali- fornia at Berkley. In 1878 Mr. Barbour came to Los Angeles County and located at Orange and was for several years connected with the educational interests of that section. He was for two years the school examiner of Orange district, and for a year or more was the editor of the Santa Ana Hews. In addition to his teaching and other occupations, he also en- gaged in horticultural pursuits, until he came to Azusa in 1883. He is a man of progressive views, and is interested in any enterprise th^t tends to build up his section. He is a director in the Azusa Water Development and Irrigation Company, and may always be found identified with the best interests of the community in which he resides. mEONIDAS BARNES is the pioneer and ftw one of the most prominent merchants of W^ Monrovia. The iirst mercantile enterprise eatablished in Monrovia was in June, 1886, when Mr. Barnes opened his store on the corner of Lemon and Myrtle avenues. He is the owner of the two-story building occupied in his busi- ness, which was erected in 188(3. This build- ing has a large and commodious hall in the second story, and two stores on the lirst floor, both of which are occupied by Mr. Barnes. His establishment is one of the best equipped general merchandise stores in the town. Mr. Barnes is a public-spirited and progressive citi- zen, and is one of the men that have, by their energetic business tact and support of public enterprises, rapidly built up the city. The sub- ject of this sketch was born in Cooper County, (/ /od-'-n-iL a-iX-^ UI8T0BT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Missouri, in 1839. His parents were llawi^ins and Patsey (Calvert) Bs^riies. Tiiey were both natives fif Kentucky, and botli went to Missouri in tlieir cliildliood, as early as 1810, tlieir par- ents being among the earliest pioneers of the State. In 1848 Mr. Barnes's father moved to Pettis County, and was t.iere engaged in farm- in<^ and stock-raising. The subject of this sketch was reared and schooled in that county, and when nineteen years of age entered into mercantile life as a clerk. At the bieaking out of the war of the Rebellion Mr. J^arnes decided to enter the Confederate States' service, and in June, 1861, enlisted in the Windsor Guards, a cavalry company that formed a part of the body i^uard of General Price. Mr. Barnes served with distinction and gallantry in the Confeder- ate cavalry throughout the war. His services soon gained him recognition, and during the last three years of the war he served as a com- missioned officer. He participated in most of the principal battles of the Southwest. At the close of the struggle he returned to Arkansas, and in 18G7 to his old home in Pettis County, Missouri, and engaged in farming until about 1870. He then established a meat market at Windsor and Appleton City, and conducted the business until 1873. In that year he came to California and located at Downey, Los Angeles County, and for the ne.xt year was engaged in farming. In 1874 he moved to Duarte and established his residence upon a ten-acre tract which he improved and planted in oranges, etc. Mr. Barnes continued his horticultural pursuits until 1885. He then purchased the mercantile establishment of Frank Daniels at Duarte, and conducted that enterprioe until he established his present business. His long residence in the county has made him well known and gained him many friends. In political affairs he is a stanch Democrat and a worker in the ranks of his party. He has served many times as a dele- gate in its county conventions, and as a member of the County Central Committee. He is a member of the Baptist church of Monrovia, and a liberal supporter of the same. He is a mem- ber of Windsor Lodge, No. 29, F. & A. M., of Windsor, Missouri, and also of Monrovia Lodge, No. 330, I. O. O. F. In 1865 Mr. Barnes was united in marriage with Miss Nancy C. Mc- Donald, a native of Arkansas, and daughter of Morris and Susan (Logan) McDonald. Her father was a native of Scotland. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes have three children: Lida E., Samuel W. and Julia Lathrop. fUAN BERNARD was a native of Switzer- land, being born at St. Marie, in the Canton of St. Tessin, August 20, 1824. When a young man he went to Algiers, Africa, in the campaign against Abd el-Kader, where, for sev- eral years, he was a contractor under the French Government for the construction of roads, the furnishing of bricks, etc. Afterward he deter- mined to come to California, being attracted hither by the gold discoveries. He came via Cape Horn, arriving in San Francisco in 1850. From there he went to the mines; and then, with a French colony, to Sonora, Me.xico. Re- turning to California in 1852, he arrived in Los Angeles with Edward Nand Guiol and other Frenchmen, where he remained the rest of his life. He engaged for many years in brick-mak- ing, his extensive yards and home beingon Buena Vista street, near the Roman Catholic cemetery. About twenty years ago he bought the Los An- geles WineGrowers' property on Alameda street, where he engaged extensively in the wine busi- ness. In 1866 he married Dona Susana Ma- chado, daughter of Don Agustin and Dofia Ramona (Sepiilveda) Machado. Senor Machado, who died some years ago, was one of the promi- nent citizens of Los Angeles in the olden times. His I'esidence was on the site of the lot on the east side of Main street, lately purchased by the United States Government for a postoffice and United States Court building. Dona Rimona, universally known and respected by all the old residents, still lives at an advanced age with her sons and dauijhters at La ISallona. Mr. Bernard UISTORF OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. was one of the founders of the French Benevo- lent Society, and was at various times its treas- urer. He was the owner of the Bernard Block, sovTthwest corner of Main and First streets, which also includes the Natic Hotel. Latterly he had retired from active business, having leased his extensive warehouse, partly as a Gov- ernment bonded warehouse, and also to private parties for the wine business, etc. Mr. Bernard spoke the French, English, Spanish, Italian and Turkish languages. He died of heart disease, jMnuary 27, 1889, aged sixty-four years, leaving a widow and nine children. He appointed Mrs. Bernard as executrix of his will and manager of his large estate. -^^€m^§^^ — tLLEN W. BUBKE.— Among the earlier residents of the San Jose Valley is the subject of tliis sketch. Mr. Burke is a native of Jackson County, Hlinois, dating his birth in 1855. His father, James L. Burke, was born in North Carolina; his mother, Mar- gery Duff, was a native of Tennessee. Mr. Burke was reared upon his father's farm until twenty years old, receiving a common-school education and securing that practical knowledge of agricultural pursuits which has led to his success in later years. In 1873 the death of his father occurred, and two years later Mr. Burke left his old home and came to California. Upon his arrival here he located in the San Jose Valley, which was then comparatively unsettled. He engaged in farm labor for Cap- tain Hutchinson, which he continued until 1878, when he returned East. While there he married Miss Mary A. Short, a native of Ran- dolph .County, Illinois, and the . daughter ot John and Elizabeth (Hardy) Short. Soon after his marriage he returned with his bride to his former home in the San Jose Valley, and in 1879 purchased from Richard Dowerman ten acres of land on the corner of San Antonio and Cucamungo avenues. This land, formerly a part of the Loop and Meserve tract, was par- tially improved, liaving a few citrus i'ruit trees. Mr. Burke took up his residence there and com- menced its cultivation, first putting in wine grapes. Not satisfied with the results obtained, he began setting out citrus and deciduous fruits, and at present has eight acres in oranges, mostly of the Washington Navel variety. The rest of his land is devoted to peaches, pears, apricots, prunes and nursery stock. To the latter he is devoting considerable attention and is producing citrus and deciduous trees of the most favorite varieties. Among his improvements are a neat cottage residence, substantial barn, etc. His place is well watered from the San Antonio Canon. Mr. Burke is an industrious and ener- getic man. These characteristics, combined with his practical knowledge of horticulture, are securing him the success he so well deserves. He is a member of Pomona Lodge, No. 246, I. O. O. F. Politically he is Democratic, but is liberal in his views and conservative in action. He has three children — Nellie E.. Percy S. and Mary M. His mothei- is a resident of Pomona, where he has also three brothers and a sister. ILLIAM P. BARNES is the son of Larkin Barnes, one of the early settlers of Los Angeles County. His father was a native of Boone County, Kentucky, and was born in 1803. He was closely related to the histor- ical Daniel Boone. In his young manhood he lo- cated in Missouri and engaged in farming in Carroll and Warren counties. While there he was married, and after the death of that wife he took for his second wife Mrs. Elizabeth Jones, nee Bohannan, the widow of David Jones. In 1847 he located in Tarrant County, Texas, where the subject of this sketch was born in 1857. In 1859 Mr. Barnes' father came with the family to Los Angeles County and located at El Monte, and engaged in farming operations until 1870. And in that year he located at the Azusa, about a mile and a half southeast of the I present city of Azusa, and engaged in agricult- HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNT F. 703 ural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1885. lie was a man well known throughout the section in which he resided, and by his many good qualities and consistent course of life gained the respect and esteem of the commu- nity. The subject of this sketch was reared in Los Angeles County, receiving his education in the public schools of El Monte and the Azusa. He remained upon his father's farm until 1881, and tiien went to Arizona, where he spent about a year in prospecting and mining. Not meeting with the desired success in that occupation he returned to the Azusa and conducted his father's farming operation.^ until 1883. He then estab- lished a livery stable and hotel at the Azusa and inatiaged these enterprises until the death of his father, when he returned again to the old homestead and engaged in fanning and settling up of the estate. In 1887 Mr. Barnes sold out his farming lands, a portion of the old home- stead, and established a real-estate agency in Azusa and at Gladstone, wiiich he has since con- ducted. He has been prominently connected with the building up of both Azusa and Glad- stone, and has taken an active and leading part in such enterprises as would tend to induce the settlement of his section. Pie is well known throughout the Azusa. Politically he is a Democrat, but is liberal in his views. In 1880 lie was elected constable of the township, and in 1883 elected as the overseer of the water supply of the district, both of which positions he filled with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents. He is an energetic and go- ahead citizen, and besides his interest in Azusa and Gladstone, he is an owner of real estate in Alosta. In 1884 Mr. Barnes married Miss Bhinche Hudson, the daughter of Henry and Martha Hudson, residents of Azusa. Mrs. Barnes was born in Texas. From this marriage there are two children: Herbert and Lucile. Mr. Barnes's mother died at the Azusa in 1881. The members of his father's family now residing in California are: James C, who married Miss Mary Neel; and Sarah E., now Mrs. Oliver G. Malone, residents of Lompoc, Siuita IJiirliara County; and Cynthia E., now Mrs. M. Wake- Held, of Los Angeles County. Of his mother's children from iier first marriage there are two, both residents of Los Angeles County : Jonathan C. Jones and Mrs. Mary E. Downs. -:^-€ fOHN BENNER, dealer in fresh and salted meats, 36 West Second street, Los Angeles, was born in Germany, December 6, 1839, and emigrated to this country in 1855, when oidy sixteen j'ears of age; went to Baltimore and lived there several years, and then made up his mind to come to the Pacific Coast. After reaching California, he lived in San Francisco a short time, and in 18G0 came to Los Angeles, and after working in the market two y6ars he engaged in the butchering business for himself on Main street, in Temple Block, and was there five or six years. Then he removed to Spring street, opposite the old court-house, and re- mained there ten years, and was in business on those two streets twenty-two years, until he es- tablished himself at his present location. lie is the oldest American in the business in Los Angeles, and has an established trade. Being one of the pioneer business men of Los Angeles, lie has hosts of friends who bear testimony to his integrity and generosity, in aiding every good work. In 1867 Mr. Benner married Miss Christiana Ilepp, a native of the city of P)ull;ilo, New York. fW. BALDWIN, retired, residing at 301 East Fifth street, was born in Templeton, =* Massachusetts, February 11, 1822. He was reared in New England, and in 1850 came to Chicago, which at that time contained 20,- 000 people. He was steward of the old Matte- son House until 1856, and was persuaded to take the same position in the Young Atnerica, which was then the leading hotel. Remaining there several years, he accepted a good offer to HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. go to Missouri and locate at Syrajcuse, the end of the Pacitic Eailroad, then in process of con- struction. He remained there until the war, when he was driven out, and he went to Jeft'er- son City and entered the service. Was with Pope's division at New Madrid, Jefferson City, Shilohj and Corinth, serving as Forage-master, and afterward was engaged in buying cotton. He returned to Chicago in 1865, and the follow- ing year he became associated with W. F. Tucker in the hotel business, — at the Briggs House, and the Transit House at the Stockyards, taking the active management. After several years he sold out his interest and took the Metropolitan Hotel. After remodeling and re- furiiisiiing it, he sold it. Later he beame pro- prietor of the noted Chapin & Gore Pestanrant, the largest in the city, and for five years suc- cessfully carried on the business. Mr. Baldwin has had a large experience in catering, and is one of the most successful and well-known hotel men in the country. His health being impaired by close attention to business, by the advice of pliysicians he came to California in 1883, and since then has resided here. His health is much improved, and, being amply provided for, lie is spending his days in peace and comfort. tIRAM P. BUPLINGAME, a native of the State of Maine, was born in 1827, and is the son of Carpenter and Rebecca (Woodman) Burlingame, natives of New York and Maine respectively, and of Scotch origin. At the age of tweuty-one Mr. Burlingame left his native State and went to Minneapolis, Min- nesota, where he pre-empted 120 acres of land. He was married in St. Anthony, in 1852, to Miss Sarah A. Bean, a native of Maine. Her par ents moved from that State to Wisconsin and later went to Minnesota. It was Sarah Bean who was so miraculously saved from going over the falls at St. Anthony when she was a girl. Atr. Burlingame left Minnesota, February 9, 1870, comiiii,' to California, lirst to San Fran- cisco and from there to Los Angeles County. He purchased 140 acres of land. A part of this he sold and has since bought 280 acres more of the best land in California. Mr. Bur- lingame raises more strawberries than any other man in the State, having under cultivation thirty-five acres. He was also interested in the development of water supply, and sank one of the largest pipes in the world, it being fourteen and one-half inches in diameter. He has since disposed of his interest in this enterprise, sell- ing out to Poniroy & Gains and to his son. Edward V. Burlingame. ^i^-^ fUDGE G. A. BALL was born at Ball's Bluff, Maryland, in 183'J, a son of James and Nancy (Greenwood) Ball. His mother died when he was less than a year old, and his father when he was less than two. He was reared and educated by his uncle, S. Greenwood, in Georgia. He served four years in the Con- federate army, being in the Fifteenth Alabama Lifantry. He fought at Manassas and the first battle of the Wilderness, and many others, and was surrendered at Appomattox. After the war was over he went to Bastrop County, Texas, and taught school for awhile, and was married there, in 1870, to Miss Penelope Willett, a native of Tennessee and the daughter of John Willett. He practiced law for several years in Bastrop County, and was judge for one term. He came to Los Angeles County in 1886 and bought a small ranch three miles southeast of Norwalk, where he is practically retired from active business life. Socially he affiliates with the Masonic order. »•^- fM. BRADY, of the firm of Brodersen & Brady, real-estate agents at Long Beach, * has been a resident of Los Angeles County since 1875. He was born in Lawrence County, Mississippi, in 1844, and is the son of J, R. and Martha A. (Williams) Brady, the former a n I STORY OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. native of Georgia and the latter of Florida. Tlie subject of this sketch is a true type of the Southern gentleman, and shows in his home that hospitality and genial welcome for which the Southern people are so noted. His father was a farmer, and died in 1SG6. He had a family of eleven children, only four of whom are living. J. M. Brady entered the Southern army in Kel- son's Heavy Artillery, in 1862, and served un- til the close of the war. After its close he returned home, and married Miss Malona Dean. He was permitted to enjoy her companionship for only a brief time. One year and a half after their marriage death called her away. In the fall of 1867 Mr. Brady went to Texas, and in 1868 was united in marriage to Miss Mary L. Shrode, ofTexas. They have a very interesting family of six children: Martha E., Calvin K., Sarah E., Dora B., James H. and William T. Both Mr. and Mrs. Brady are supporters of the Southern Methodist Church. Mr. Brady is a worthy and respected citizen, and is honored and esteemed by the community in which he resides, holding at present the office of school trustee in Long Beach, and also serving as district road- master in his district. Politically he affiliates with the Democratic party, is conservative in his views, and always exerts his influence on the side of justice and right. — ^€(g:i)l-^ — fE. BARNETT was born in Hancock County, Illinois, in 1854, and is a sen of ® A. D. Barnett, who was a native of Ilussellsville, Kentucky. His father was Zacha- riah Barnett, who was a native of Westmore- land County, Virginia, and was in the battle of New Orleans. In 1830 A. D. Barnett moved to Hancock County, Illinois, and for a number of years was prominently connected with the county. In 1869 he came to California, and in the year 1884 he died in the San Fernando Val- ley. He had five children, of which the subject of this sketch is the youngest. Mr. Barnett was married in 1875 to Miss Alice Stevens, of Iowa County, Iowa, and a daughter of Anson Stevens. Mr. Stevens came to California in 1869, and is now a retired farmer living near the city of Compton. Mr. and Mrs. l^arnett have a family of five children whose names are as follows: Marcus E., Cephas L., Adrien B., Sarah A., Cora M., Nettie P. and Jessie L. When he first came to California Mr. Barnett worked by the day in Sutter County, for two years. He then moved to Ventura County and farmed from three to five thousand acres of land, for a term of ten years. This land was known as the Sin! Ranch. In 1887 he and a brother bought a half interest in 400 acres, a part of the Monte- zuma tract, lying one-half mile west of Garvanza. Here he is engaged principally in raising hay and corn, and in this he is one of the leading men of the county. In 1888 he had 1,000 tins of hay from 800 acres, and this year (1889) he will have over 1,200 tons from the same amount of land. Beside his interests in this State, Mr. Barnett owns 4,000 acres of land on Carson River, in Nevada, on which, at this time, there are over 1,200 head of stock. Socially Mr. Bar- nett is a Mason and is affiliated with Los Angeles Lodge, No. 42. He is also a member of the I. O. O. F., East Side Lodge, No. 325. tANSOM BOWMAN BISHOP, of Santa Monica, has been a citizen of the Golden State since the year 1855. He was born at l.ivermore, Maine, December 1, 1820, and is a son of Nathan and Martha (Wing) Bishop. His grandfather, Nathan Bishop, Sr., was a min- ister in the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years. His father was a native of Win- throp, Maine, and a cloth-dr3sser and miller by trade. His mother, Martha Wing, was born at Wayne, Maine, and was the daughter of Dr. Moses Wing. He was a drummer in the Rev- olutionary war, and lost a leg in the service. He had a family of five children. Our subject is the oldest of four children. He learned the blacksmith's trade when a boy, and also tiiut of n I STORY OF LOS ANGBLES COaNTT. machinist and locomotive building. He worked in the cotton factory at Saco, Maine, and while there met and married the lady who has ever since been an equal sharer in his successes and failures, joys and sorrows. This was Miss Sarali King Bradbury, who was born in Auburn, Maine. Soon after their marriage, they went to Boston, where he worked on locomotives. In 1855 he was sent as an engineei- to California by Robinson, Seymore & Co., of New York. He came by way of the Nicaragua route, and three years later his wife came by way of the Panama route. Robinson, Seymore & Co, sent three locomotives from New York to San Francisco via Cape Horn, and from San Francisco these engines were re-shipped to Sacramento, and to the subject of this sketch belongs the honor of setting up and running the first locomotive in the State of California. On this trip from Sac- ramento he gave old General Sutter his first ride on a locomotive. Sutter was the first settler in Sacramento and was greatly frightened while on the engine. For nine years Mr. Bishop was master mechanic in the employ of the San Fran- cisco & San Jose Railroad Company. The first railroad axles, thirty in number, made in Cali- fornia were ordered by him, and made by Hall & Johnson in San Francisco. In honor of this Mr. Bishop was presented with a gold-headed cane worth $35. In 1868 the Mechanics' Insti- tute of San FraTicisco awarded him the second premium for an invention of his called "Crank and Pin ("ross Head Lathe." He built a quartz mill with his own hands at Auburn, California, and mined for some time, after which he came to Los Angeles County, and was in the employ of Senator Jones as an engineer on the Los Angeles & Independence Railroad. After this he ran a train from Santa Monica to Los Ange- les for nine years. He has now practically re- tired from active business, and bought and im- proved very desirable residences in the "city by tlie sea." He and his excellent companion have reared and educated three daughters and one son, all married and well settled in life. The oldest is Ovilla, now the wife of William Wor- den of San Francisco. The next is Cora, wife of Alfred Ti'umbull, editor of To-day, a paper published in New York City; and the youngest is Emma "Virginia, wife of Edward H. O'Mel- veney, of the California Truck Company, Los Angeles; and the son, Frank, married Mamie Bell. He is an electrician, and was station agent for the Southern Pacific Railroad Company at Norwalk for eight years, and fifteen years in their employ. Mr. Bishop is a gentleman well known by railroad men, and is highly respected by all who know him. tOUlS BROSSEAU.— The subject of this sketch was born in Canada, in 1834. His parents, Louis and Margaret (De St. Marie) Brosseau, were both natives of Canada, and de- scendants of the early French colonists. Mr. Brosseau was reared as a farmer until the age of sixteen years. He then started in life for him- self, his first move being to the United States. In 1850 he went to Michigan and was engaged in mining in the copper mines on Lake Supe- rior. In December, 1853, he came by the Pan- ama route to California. Upon his arrival he engaged in prospecting and mining in El Do- rado and other counties until 1860, locating the Monumental mine in Sierra County, and others. The excitement over the Nevada mines in that year caused him to make a venture in that Ter- ritory. Pie went to Gold Hill, Nevada, and located several mines, among which was the famous Yellow Jacket. Returning to California in 1861, he established a store at French Town, El Dorado County, and also engaged in horti- cultural pursuits, planting vineyards and fruit trees. He continued his enterprises in that county until 1872, and then located in Round Valley, in Mendocino County, where he engaged in the live-stock business, and also in teaming and freighting Government stores. In 1876 Mr. Brosseau came to Los Angeles County and established his residence in San Jose Valley, about two miles north of what is now the pros- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. perous city of Jfomona. His principal occupa- tion was fniit culture. Mr. Brosseau early saw the possibilities of a thriving town springing up at Tomona, and in 1881 purchased lots, upon one of which he built the well-known Pomona Hotel, located on Main street, south of Second street. This hotel was opened to the public by liiin December. 25, 1881, and was the only hotel in town at that time. The next year he built the Pomona liver}' stables on Second street, and was identified with other building enterprises in tiie rapidly growing town. In 1883 he sold his hotel to Morris Kellar, but still retained his stables, which he had enlarged and well stocked. Mr. Brosteau conducted his livery stable until 1886, and then sold his stock, retaining the ownership of the buildings and lots. Since that time he has devoted his attention to the care and improvement of his business and residence prop- erty in the city. He is also the owner of farm land near the city. In 1883 Mr. Brosseau mar- ried Miss Emma Fry, a native of Ohio. He is a consistent Catholic in religion. In political matters he is a straightforward Repiiblican. He is a reputable and respected citizen, whose suc- cess in life is the result of his own labors, com- bined with his intelligent foresight in business matters. fT. BELL, manufacturer of and dealer in harness, saddlery, whips, etc., corner of ® Hill and Eleventh streets, Los Angeles, was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, February 9, 1825. His parents, John and Mary (Miller) Bell, were natives of the same county. His grandfather laid out the town of Hickory, and owned the greatest gas-producing farm in the oil regions. The subject of this sketch grew up and learned his trade in Massillon. He came to California and settled in Los Angeles in 1871, worked at his trade several years, and then en- gaged in business for himself on Main street. The residents licre were mostly Mexicans at that time. Heconducted his biisine.-son Main street fifteen years and then removed to his present location, on his own property. He is one of the oldest in his line of business, and has a very desirable established trade. Mr. Bell has been twice married. His first wife was Lydia Groflf, of Ohio, who died leaving four children, all of whom are now living, namely: Margaret, now Mrs. Macy, living here; Mary, now Mrs. Hamp- ton residing in Arizona; Lida Belle and James II., botii living in this city. Mr. BelFs present wife was M. A. McDowell, a native of Kentucky. They have one son, Arthur T. fAMES F.BURNS, Chief of Policeof the city of Los Angeles, was born in Ontario County, New York, Septem ber 27,1831. II is parents moved to Kalamazoo, Michigan, and during his early boyhood he attended school there; was educated for a teacher, and after reaching man- hood engaged in that profession. He decided to come to California, and came overland with a train. They had some trouble with the Indians in Utah, near the place where the famous Mount- ain Meadow massacre occurred, and arrived in California in JSTovember. The same year Mr. Burns came to Los Angeles and engaged in teaching school for several years, after which he was elected county superintendent of schools. In 1858 he was appointed United States Mar- shal, under President Buchanan. He was elected city treasurer in 1863, and was re-elected, hold- ing the office for five years. In 1867 lie was elected sherift" of Los Angeles County and ex- officio tax collector, holding that ofiice by re- ■ election until 1872. From that time until 1878 Mr. Burns was interested in real estate, and was connected with various other enterprises. In the latter year he went to Fremont, Nebraska, and engaged in the grain and lumber business. In the fall of 1880 he was elected State Senator for the Eighth Senatorial District. He was also engaged in the banking business fourj'ears, until the fall of 1886. At that time he returned to Los Angeles and became interested in real- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. estate transactions. In March, 1889, lie was appointed chief of police. Ofttcer Eurns has had a large experience as a public official, and few are so well qualilied to perforin the duties of the position he now holds. During his term of office as sheriff the record shows a larger ap- prehension of criminals than in any other term. "^i^-^ fONATHAN BAILEY.— Among the early settlers and enterprising citizens of the town of AVhittier none, perhaps, have been more thoroughly identified with its best interests than the gentleman whose name stands at the head of til is article, Jonathan Bailey, President of the Pickering Land and Water Company. He was born near Petersburg, Virginia, in 1819, and is a son of David and Sylviah (Peebles) Bailey, both natives of Virginia, and descended from Scotch ancestors. David Bailey moved to Clinton County, Ohio, in 1827, and there en- gaged in agricultural pursuits till his death, which occurred June 26, 1854. He was the father of eight children, four sons and four daughters, only two of whom are living, the subject of this sketch and his youngest sister. Mr. Bailey was married in Ohio, in 1842, to Miss Rebecca T. Frazer, of Wilmington, Ohio, and daughter of Jonah and Mary (Hadley) Fra- zer. Her father was born in Tennessee, and went to Ohio when he was twelve years old, and her mother, a native of North Carolina, removed with her parents to Ohio, at the age of eleven years. They had fifteen children, all dying in infancy except Mrs. Bailey. Mr. Bailey was for many years a successful farmer in Ohio, and was also at the same time engaged in the real- estate business. In 1875 he came to this sunny land with his son, who was in delicate health, and remained six months. In 1885 he returned to California with his wife, that time remaining a year. Then, in 1887, with twelve others, he purchased 1,270 acres of land for the purpose of making a Quaker settlement. It was called the Quaker Colony, and they named the town Whittier, in honor of the poet. The place grew with surprising rapidity, and one year after it was laid out the church numbered 400, having had only four members to start with. The services were conducted for three months in the dwelling house of Mr. Bailey, his residence being the first one erected there. The Pickering Land and Water Company was organized with Jonathan Bailey as President; Ilervey Ludley, Secretary and Treasurer; John H. Painter and Elbert New- ton as the first board. The company has since bought 2,700 acres more. Whittier is a town most beautifully located, and has a population of about 1,000. f^ M. BROWN, a prosperous and enter- ■ prising farmer and fruit-grower, living "L® three miles northwest of Garvanza, in the beautiful Eagle Rock Valley, is a Canadian by birth, and of German origin. He was born near Toronto in 1835, and is a son of Sylvanus and Permelia (Kees) Brown. They were natives of Vermont and New York respectively, and were Quakers. This lady was his second wife, and by her he had six children, the subject of this sketch being the oldest. AVhen he reached his majority he left his home in Canada and came to the United States, locating first at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, where he resided for three years and a half. He was there married, in 1858, to Mi-s Eltana Merwin, of Erie County, Pennsyl- vania, and daughter of Samuel W. and Elizabeth (Bail) Merwin, both natives of the Keystone State, and of German origin. Soon after his marriage Mr. Brown moved to Nebraska. He drove an ox team all the way, and located near where Lincoln now stands. There was not a house there then, and he often went thirty miles to mill and the postotfice, leaving his wife all alone for a whole week, four miles and a half from the nearest neighbor, while he took the wheat to mill, which he had tramped out with oxen. He was truly one of the pioneers of Ne- braska. He saw Lincoln grow from nothing to HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. a flourishing city of 1,600 inhabitants. Plere be continued for twenty years, or till 1880, when he set his face toward the Golden State. His first work on tlie coast was as a farmer iu Santa Bar- bara County, wliere be remained three years. Tlien he moved to Los Angeles County and bought the fifty acresori which he now lives in the beautiful Eagle Rock Valley. This farm he has subjected to a very high state of cultivation, and is raising great^ quantities of oranges, grapes, barley, alfalfa, melons, cucumbers and tomatoes. To show what may be done in the way of pro- ducing these vegetables and berries, it is only necessary to mention the fact that last year he furnished 103 tons of tomatoes to the cannery. These vines grow and produce fruit in this val- ley from January to December. The names of Mr. Brown's children are as follows: Effie, wife of Orin Seeley, of Santa Barbara County; Mil- ton S., whon)arried Miss Ollie Knowles; Willis E. and Earnest R. The mother of these chil- dren de])arted this life in Florida, February 7, 1876, where she had gone for her health. In 1884 Mr. Brown married Mrs. Mariah Smith, of Portland. Oregon. She had three children: Ella, Frank and Charles. Politically Mr. Brown affiliates with the Republican party; and re- ligiously, he believes in the doctrines as taught liy the Spiritualist Church. ^l-^-f^ fPJFFITII DICKENSON COMPTON, the foimder of the town of Compton, Los Angeles County, California, is a native of Pitti^ylvania County, Virginia, born August 22, 1820. His ancestors came from England. When in his twentieth year the sul)ject of this sketch went to Hamilton County, Illinois, where he lived four years. While there he married a second cousin, Miss Compton, who was born the same day, month and year, with himself. A daughter born to them now lives in this city and is tlie wife of George Flood, who is also tlie brother of Mr. Compton's second wife, his first wife having died in 1S52. Mr. Compton went to Des Moines, Iowa, in 1846. In 1849 he came to California across the plains, and set- tled at Woodbridge, Solano County, where he remained sixteen years. After that he went to Watsonville, and in the fall of 1867 he came to Los Angeles on account of his own and his fam- ily's health. lie, Mr. Morton and William Fowler each bought eighty acres of land at $5 an acre, in what was known as the Temple and Gibson tract, of the San Pedro Rancho, and started the settlement now known as Compton. Mr. Compton tells this remarkable story in con- nection with his early labors on this farm, which, as he has disposed of all his interests in that locality, cannot therefore be called a boom- itig romance and is admissible here. All who are acquainted with Mr. Compton know him to be a man of strict veracity. He says that" the great freshet of 1867 and '68 flooded that whole country, enriching the land as the deltas of the Nile are enriched by the overflow of that mighty stream. After the land had dried off, late in the following spring, he planted two acres of potatoes, and from these two acres he realized $1,680 above all expenses, or $840 per acre! He says the ground, metaphorically speaking, was alive with potatoes. He sold them in Los An- geles, digging and delivering as wanted, mainly to two merchants, A. C. Chauvin and II. J. Yar- row, the former being still a resident of the city. He only received about $1.00 to $1.25 per sack. It was then believed that potatoes could not be profitably raised here, or if raised, that they would not keep; and at first he had great difficulty in getting any grocer to buy them or even to take any on trial. Previous to that time the Southern part of the State depended on Humboldt, Bodega and other northern coun- ties for its potatoes. And so Mr. Compton demonstrated the wonderful capacity of Los Angeles County in this line, as did Messrs. Lankershim and Van Nuys, and Vignes and Wolfskin, and Wilson and Rowland, and others in other lines. Mr. Compton is only another ex- ample amongmany,showingthata poor man, with no capital but strong hands and a courageous HISTORY OF LOS AJHGBLE8 COUNTY. heart, can conquer snccess in this fertile land, if he can anywhere in this wide world. Mr. Comptoii has latterly been engaged in develop- ing the San Jacinto country; and he claims, which may or may not be disputed, that he has actively assisted in settling, satisfactorily to all parties interested, more families than any other one man in Southern California. Mr. Compton is one of the trustees of the endowment fund of the Southern California University and of the Agricultural College at Ontario. He resides near the University in Los Angeles. ^' • ^'%^'T'^*^ '• '*" AJOR GEORGE H. BONEBRAKE.— It is not to her wealth, her manufact- ures, her agriculture and the political power she wields that Ohio owes her proud posi- tion in the sisterhood of States, but rather to the genius, enterprise, business acumen and the integrity of her sons that her wonderful progress is due. Wherever great cities have sprung up, wherever gigantic public improve- ments have been conceived and perfected, pro- found legislative or judicial problems solved, vast, victorious armies led, Ohio's sons have come to the front. From the mother State to the remotest sections of the Union they have gone, bearing with them the impress of prog- ress. One of Ohio's sons who has aided very materially in transforming Los Angeles from a sleepy Mexican village to an important com- mercial metropolis, graced with every art, in- vention and product of an advanced civilization, is Major George H. Bonebrake, the subject of this memoir. He was born in Eaton, Preble County, Ohio, and there, with such meagre ad- vantages as were obtainable by attending the district school two months in the year, and by a diligent improvement of every opportunity for private study, he was prepared to enter college at the age of seventeen. In Otterbein Univer- sity, the principal institution of learning of the United Brethren denomination, at Westerville, Ohio, he pursued his studies si.x j'ears, grad- uating in the classical course with gratifying honors at the age of twenty-three. After leaving college he accepted a position in a neighboring seminary as Professor of Languages, for which he was admirably adapted, being a proficient scholar in Latin, Greek, German and French. The duties thus allotted him not being sufficient to fully employ his active, ambitious mind, he applied himself to the study of law under the preceptorship of General Thomas Brown, dis- tinguished alike as a member of the bar and for his eminent services in the United States Con- gress during his fourteen years of connection with that body. His association with that great attorney-statesman was a fortunate circumstance in the career of Mr. Bonebrake. Not only did it lay the foundation for an enduring friendship mutually pleasurable and intellectually valuable, but a business copartnership was subsequently established, under the firm style of Brown & Bonebrake, which resulted in no small pecuniary profit to the contracting parties. In the prac- tice of his chosen profession, Mr. Bonebrake had hoped to concentrate his superior powers; but an unforeseen event suddenly changed the current of his life. The breaking out of the Rebellion was the turbid tide in his affairs which tested the loyal heroism of the man and led to honors, if not to fortune. In response to the call of his imperiled country he enlisted as a private soldier in Company C, Sixty-ninth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in the early part of 1862, and entering upon the rigor- ous duties of this new position with the same conscientious devotion and energy which has characterized his efibrts in every station in life, Mr. Bonebrake rose by successive promotions for gallant and meritorious conduct to the rank of Major, and was brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel before being discharged. When entering the army Professor Bonebrake resigned the princi- palship of the seminary, much to the regret of the friends of the institution to which his effi- cient labors in that behalf had endeared him. On retiring from the army at tiie close of the A^,jj,^^,<._^cJt HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. war with a proud military record, having given over three years to the defense of tlie grand old flag, Major Eonebrake returned home and en- tered into the law partnership with General Brown, as before mentioned. His marriage with Miss Emma Locke, a former schoolmate, occurred upon his arrival home. Thus he cast aside the panoply of war to enshrine himself in the habiliments of that sweet peace born of the domestic loves. Twelve years of unruffled mari- tal felicity followed tliis event, during which two children — Blanch, now seventeen, and Per- sey, eleven years of age — were born to Major and Mrs. Bonebrake, who still live to brighten the afternoon of their affectionate father's life. In 1869 the cashiership of the Citizen's Bank in Noblesville, Indiana, was tendered to and accepted by Major Bonebrake, in which capac- ity his remarkable financiering ability was demonstrated to the great satisfaction of the bank and the general public for nine years. In the summer of 1878 that insidious disease, pul- monary consumption, had made such encroach- ments upon Mrs. Bouebrake's health as to render it necessary for the Major to sever his connection with the bank and accompany her to the Pacitic Coast, with the hope that the sani- tary virtues of the climate of Southern Califor- nia would stay the ravages of the dread malady. Eighteen months were passed by them in the most healthful retreats in this part of the State, and everything that affectionate solicitude and medical skill could suggest was done to restore the patient sufferer to health. But all proved unavailing, and on March 2, 1880, Mrs. Emma Locke Bonebrake, one of tiie most amiable of women, passed from earth. This ruthless in- vasion of his happy home by the grinj reaper was a terrible blow to Major Bonebrake, but in the majesty of his strong manhood he arose from the tomb of his buried love with a calm resignation to the inevitable, and resumed the stern responsibilities of life. Ills investments were extensive and numerous, including city and suburban property, improved and unim- proved, besides many enterprises of a public character. To Major Bonebrake and men of- his class are the people of Los Angeles indebted for the substantial business buildings which line their teeming thoroughfares; the palatial homes environed by beautifully ornamented grounds, and the cable and horse-car lines that con- vey the pleasure-seekers to charming suburban scenes. The attention of every stranger in Los Angeles is attracted to the stately and elegant block on the corner of Spring and Second streets, covering an area of 103x120 feet, which bears upon its chiseled front the names of Bryson-Bonebrake. On the iirst floor of the magnificent structure, erected at a cost of $220,- 000, have been fitted expressly for the State Loan and Trust Company the most splendid suite of banking rooms on the Pacific Coast. They are supplied with every convenience and ornate with every embellishment that art can suggest or wealth supply. The mammoth vault is a marvel of modern invention, a model of strength and beauty, and is by far the finest in the State. A hundred tons of steel were used in its construction, requiring five freight cars for its transportation from Cincinnati, Ohio. It is as a financier and business man that the eminent ability of Major Bonebrake's mental powers have made him famous on this coast. Among the numerous institutions with which he is associated in this capacity as counselor and directing head are the following: He is a director of the California Central Kailroad Com- pany, the First National Bank of Pasadena, the First National Bank of Pomona, the Savings Bank of Southern California, the First National Bank of Santa Ana; and is president of the Los Angeles National Bank, the State Loan and Trust Company, the First National Bank of Santa Monica, and the Bank of Santa Paula. Those facts speak volumes as to the respect and confidence reposed in the bearer of these great responsibilities by his fellow-men. In nearly every instance Major Bonebrake was one of the prime movers in organizing these banks, each one of which owns the building in which it is located, and the buildings are among the best in 718 HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. the res|)eRnve cities. He was the lirst to estab- lish a carriage depository in Los Angeles, open- ing at the same time branch offices in Stockton, San Jose, Oakland, and Portland, Oregon, a transaction which contributed greatly to the public convenience. He was the most influen- tial in brin the lines of the Atchison, To peka & Santa Fe Railroad into Los Angeles, and aided materially in securing and constructing tlie picturesque surf line to San Diego. He is an active member and was the second president of the Los Angeles Board of Trade. He has never sought nor desired political distinction, but rather shunned the precarious honors too often obtained througli unscrupulous means. Unlike many successful financiers who are the architects of their own fortunes, Major Bone- brake is habitually approachable and courteous. To the sun-browned toiler, the sorrow-burdened child of poverty, tlie capitalist, count and con- gressman, he extends the same deferential, dig- nified, decisive attention. He possesses a large, well-poised brain, a vigorous mind, a strong sense of justice, and a kind, charitable heart. And in the high noontide of his day it may be written with truth, "His life is gentle, and tiie elements so mixed in him that Nature might stand up and say to all the world, he is a man." • i ' ' ! " J^.IRAM CHICK, of Los Angeles, is a native IH) of Oiiio, born on a farm in Scioto County, ^ November 29, 1829. His father, Charles Chick, was a stone-cutter by trade. Hirain left home in 1854, came to California and located on a farm near Stockton, in the San Joaquin Val- ley, and engaged in the stock and grain business, in which he was successful, owning at one time a ranch of about 1,600 acres. He left Stockton about 1871 and came with his family to Los Angeles, where he engaged in teaming on quite an extensive scale, doing at the same time a local hack business. He married in 1854, in Scioto County, Ohio, Laura, daughter of Jona- than and Mary (Andrews) Smith. Mrs. Chick is also a native of Scioto County, born June 7, 1835. She has six children living: William, born November 22,1856; Martinez, August 22, 1858; Leroy, December 2, 1860; Charles, June 28, 1862; Lillie Bell, July 16, 1864, now Mrs. William Fatten, of Los Angeles; and Louis C, October 25, 1869. Three children are deceased: Nenahdied at Stockton, Dec. 3, 1868, aged thirteen years; Mary died August 6, 1866, an infant; and Hiram Clayton died in Los Angeles, November 25,1888, at the age of twenty-one years. Three of these sons are now engaged in the livery business on Fifth street, Los Angeles, and by five years of diligent attention to the wants of the public in their line, have built up an enviable reputation for reliability, and enjoy a liberal patronage. The firm of Chick Brothers is com|)Osed of William, Leroy and Charles. William married Miss Mary Cakebread, of Martinez, California, May 18, 1888. Leroy married Miss Alice, daughter of Rev. S. Bristol, of Ventura, Feb- ruary 13, 1889. fHARLES W. CLEMENT.— Among the pioneer settlers of Sierra Madre mention must be made of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Clement is a native of Fall River, Massachusetts, dating his birth in that city in 1824. His parents were David and Dorcas (Wilson) Clement. His father was a native of Massachusetts and his mother of New Hamp- shire. When he was about a year old his parents moved to New Hampshire, first locating in Litchfield and later in Hudson. Mr. Clement WHS reared upon his father's farm until eighteen years of age, and then served an apprenticeship to the trade of blacksmith. He later established a shop of his own, which he conducted for some years. In 1853 he entered the employ of the Manchester Print Works at Manchester, New Hampshire, and for the next twenty -eight years was in charge of their blacksmith and repair shop. In 1881 Mr. Clement found it necessary to seek a milder climate. He therefore came to HISTORT OP LOS AN0BLB8 COUNTY. 719 California aud located in Los Angeles County, taking up his residence in Sierra Madre. Upon liis arrival he purchased forty acres of land irom N. C. Carter, located between Central and Live Oak avenues, and at once etitered upon horti- cultural pursuits, planting nearly twenty acres of trees and vines and also erecting a cottage residence. This property he sold in 1884 to Prof. John Hart; and, after a visit to his old home, returned and purchased from Miss Frances PL Hawks two lots on JJaldwiii avenue, where he has since resided. Upon the^e lots he is making a model home and has planted a variety of flowers, ornamental trees, and a variety of fruit trees. Among the noticeable features of his place is a eucalyptus grove of several hun- dred trees. Mr. Clement has been one of the progressive and enterprising men that have built up and developed the resources of the beautiful Sierra Madre tract. He was one of the original incorporators (jf tiie Sierra Madre Water Company and has for many years been a director in the company. As a straightforward and enterprising citizen he has gained the es- teem of the community. He has always taken a deep interest in the political afl'airs of the country, and is astanch Republican. During his residence in Manchester he served as one of the selectmen of the township and also a member of the city council. He is a member of Me- chanics Lodge, No. 13, I. O. O. F., of Manches- ter, New Hampshire. In 1848 Mr. Clement married Miss Julia A. Carter, a native of Massa- chusetts, the daughter of William and Julia (Coburii) Carter, and a sister of N. C. Carter, the founder of Sierra Madre Colony. She died in 1862, leaving two children: Lizzie J., who married Gilman E. Riddle, of Manchester, and William A., who is now a resident of Los Angeles. Mrs. Riddle died in 1884, leaving one child, Josie L. Riddle. In 1863 Mr. Clement married Mrs. Martha W. Warren, nee Butterfield. She died in March, 1881, at Manchester. In con- clusion we state that Mr. Clement was the eldest of a family of ten children. Of his brothers and sisters there are still living: Dor- cas A., David, Lucy, Daniel W., Lauana A., Lucinda R., Araininta and Rachel P. Martha J., the eighth child, died in 1856. Mr. Clem- ent's mother died in 1863, and his father in 1887, the latter being ninety-one years old at the time of his death. -^^i -m^^^-- fOIIN CASEY. — Among the earlier settlers of Los Angeles County is the subject of this sketch. Mr. Casey is a native of Jackson County, Tennessee, dating his birth in 1810. His parents, John and Jennie (Mann) Casey, were natives of North Carolina, who, early in life, settled in the county of Mr. Casey's birth, and in 1812 moved to Arkansas, locating in Pulaski County, about twelve miles from Little Rock. In that county Mr. Casey was reared, receiving a limited education, and being early inured to the labors of pioneer farming. In 1827 he married Miss Sarah Nixon Thornburg, daughter of Walter and Elizabeth Thornburg, natives of Virginia. Mr. Casey engaged in farming in Arkansas until 1844. He then moved to Texas, his parents accompanying him, and located in Dallas County, where he was employed in farming and stock-growing until 1857. In that year he came overland to Cali- fornia and took up his residence at El Monte. Los Angeles County, remaining there until 1862, when he located at the Duarte. He remained at the latter place until 1864, and then moved to the Azusa, where he took up 160 acres of Government land. This land was for years the subject of litigation, being claimed by the Azusa grant holders. Mr. Casey stubbornly contested his rights, making such improvements mean- time as were required in cultivating his lands, until, finally, in 1882, when the title of his laud was clear, he found himself so advanced in years that he was unable to continue in active life. He therefore sold off and deeded to his son the greater portion of his land, retaining a small homestead upon which he proposes to pass the remainder of his life. He has for more than HISTORY OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. thirty )'ears been a residentof tlie county, tweuty- live of which has been spent in the Aznsa, wliere he is well and favoraWy known. In political matters he is a lite-long Detnocrat. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Casey there are three children living, namely: John W., a sketch of whom appears in this volume; Sarah E., who married J. W. Taggart, now residing in Del Norte County; and Katharine Frances, wife of W. J. De Shields, a resident and farmer of the Aznsa. ^-^3-%¥ fOITN W. CASEY.— The subject of this sketch is one of the pioneer farmers and horticulturists of the Azusa. He is the owner of twenty-four acres of land, located on the east side of Citrus avenue, about one mile east of the city of Azusa. This land is a por- tion of the old homestead of his father, John Casey, and has been under cultivation since 1864:. Among the notable features of his place are four and a half acres of walnut trees. These trees were planted in 1871, and now (1889) present a magnificent appearance, yielding each year an abundant and valuable harvest. lie has also a fine family orchard of both citrus and deciduous fruits, and is rapidly increasing his horticultural productions by tree planting. His acres are abundantly supplied with water from the Azusa Water Development and Irrigation Company's system. The subject of this sketch was born in Washington County, Arkansas, in 1840. "His father, John Casey (whose sketch precedes this) moved to Dallas County, Texas, in 1844. In that county Mr. Casey received liis early education and was also taught .the practical duties of farming and stock-growing. In 1857 he came with his father's family to California and was engaged with his father in farming at El Monte, and in 1864 accompanied him to the Duarte, and in 1864 came to the Azusa, where he was associated with him in all his agricultural pursuits until he took up his present home on a portion of the old homestead, j Mr. Casey has spent his life in agricultural pur- suits. For a quarter of a century he has been identified with the Azusa, and during all the years that his land was in litigation, and it was decidedly uncertain whether a title could ever be gained from the Government, he never lost his faith in his cause, but made many substan- tial improvements, tree-planting, etc., of which he is now reaping the benefits. He has been largely identified in building up his section. From 1871 to 1878 he was the water commis- sioner of his district. He is a strong supporter of schools and churches, and is a member and trustee of the Methodist Church, South. In political matters he is a Prohibitionist, but for years has been a supporter of the Democratic party. In 1874 Mr. Casey was united in mar- riage with Miss Martha J. Boswell, a native of Texas and the daughter of Eansome P. Boswell, who was a native of Tennessee. In early life he went to Texas and while there served as a soldier in the Mexican war. He came to Los Angeles in 1878, and resided in that city until his death, in 1884. From the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Casey there are four children: Mary Nixeon, Lorena F., John Ransome and Walter T. ICHAEL CRAIG, granite and stone contractor, Alameda street, Los An- is a native of Ireland and was born May 30, 1838. He came to America dur- ing his early boyhood and grew up and served an apprenticeship to his trade in Lowell, Massa- chusetts. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1862, Worked at his trade in Sacramento and San Francisco for many years, came to Los Angeles in 1882 and engaged in his present business, making a specialty of granite. He operates his own quarries in San Bernardino County. The stone from his quarries is regarded as of a high standard by architects here. It is dressed here, all except tlie rough work, whicli is done at the quarries, the work requiring, during the busy season, from twenty to twenty-tive men. Tliey HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. furnisli granite and stone for some of the best buildings in the city. Mr. Craig is the oldest in his line in Los Angeles, and has had a large, practical experience. In 1859 he married Miss Fanny Kelly, in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. They have five children: John, Edward, Joseph, Mar\' and Fanny. One daughter, Elizabeth, is deceased. fAVID II. COLLINS was born in Roches- ter, New York, in 1838. His father. La Fayette Collins, was a native of Ver- mont, who early in life located at Rochester, and later entered upon the practice of law. He was a prominent man in his profession, and was for years judge of the district court in that city. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Elizabeth Hoyden, a native of Connecticut. In 1853 his father, accompanied by the family, came to California, and after a year or two spent in San Francisco and Sacramento, he took up his residence in Petaluma, Sonoma County. There he practiced iiis profession and became prominent in the legal and political circles of that county. He was a strong Republican in politics, and, although being in a Democratic community, he was elected as district attorney of the county. He died in 1867. Previous to tiie deathof his father, Mr. Collins, after completing his education, was engaged with his father and brother in farming and stock-growing in Sonoma County, with the exception of two years which he spent iu mining operations in Arizona. In 1867 he came to Sauthern California and located at San Jacinto, San Diego County, where he engaged in stock-growing until 1874. He then moved to Los Angeles County and took up his residence at Santa Ana, engaging in farming. From 1881 to 1883 he was employed in the dairy business, having a dairy of from 600 to 700 cows on the Chino Rancii in San Bernardino County. In the latter year he returned to Los Angeles County and located at Spadra. There he purchased 196 acres of land in the Jan Jose school district, about one mile west of Spadra. Upon this he took up his residence and devoted himself to general farming. Mr. Collinses farm comprises both hill and valley land, and it is devoted principally to the production of hay and grain and to stock-raising. Mr. Collins takes a justly deserved pride in his stock, having the short-horned Durham cattle, and draft horses of the Norman breed, and Hamiltonian roadsters. In addition to his home farm he also has 400 acres of rented land which he is devoting to the raising of grain. Mr. Collins is a practical and thorough farmer and is a desirable acquisition to the community in which he resides. In poli- tics he is a strong Republican, and takes an in- terest in the political questions of the day. He is a member of Pomona Lodge, No. 240, I. O O. F. Mr. Collins has been twice married. His first marriage was with Miss Zille Martin, in 1867, the daughter of Silas M. and Nancy M. (Cameron) Martin, wall-known residents of Sonoma County. She died in 1882, leaving five children, viz.: Frederick, Bessie, Gertrude, Grace and John. In 1882 Mr. Collins married Miss Ida Arnold, the daughter of William H. and Adeline (Pridgeon) Arnold. Her father is a native of Georgia and her mother of the same State. They are now (1889) residents of Spadra. From this union there is one child, La Fayette. ARD & CLARK, granite and stone con- tractors. East Fifth street, Los Angeles. This prosperous firm came to Los An- geles in 1885 and established their present busi- ness, on a small scale. Soon after they took in other partners who were only connected with the business about one year, when Messrs. Ward and Clark bought tlieir interest, and since then have carried on the business. Their granite and stone quarries are located in San Bernardino County, at Riverside. The stone is of superior quality and is partly dressed there and partly in Los Angeles. Showing how the business has increased, we note that when they began they BISTORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. only furnished work ibr three men and now they employ from twenty-five to forty men. The granite lor the new conrt-liouse is being fur- iiiirlicd from their quarries. They have the con- tract for furnishing and setting the granite for tlie new postofiice, and have also furnished the granite for some of the heaviest buildings in the city and county. W. B. Ward, of the firm of Ward & Clark, is a native of tlie State of Maine, and was born June 19, 1859. lie grew up and served an apprenticeship to his trade there, and worked at his calling in different parts of New England until he came to California in 1884. He remained in the northern part of the State one year and then came to Los Angeles. Since that time the firm, of which he is senior member, has been prominently identified with building interests here. Mr. Ward was married SejUember 8, 1881, to Miss Uattie E. Ellis, a native of Maine. They have two children: Alva and Theresa. George W. Clark, of the above-named firm, was born in the State of Maine, September G, 1860, son of Thomas Clark. lie attended school during boyhood and served an apprenticeship to his. trade in his native State. He worked at his trade in New England, Texas and Mexico, and came to the Pacific Coast in the spring of 1883, first going to Washington Territory. In the spring of 1885 he came to Los Angeles and became as- sociated with his present partner, and since then has been successfully engaged in granite and stone business. Mr. Clark was united in mar- riage August 2, 1887, to Miss Nellie C. Ward, a native of the State of Maine and daughter of Ira and Hannah (Goodwin) Ward. Mr. and Mrs. (Mark have one daughter, Ethel M. 5f AMES W. C ATE.— Among the representa. Wt five farmers of Los Angeles County is the ^ subject of this sketch, a brief risvwc of ^hose life is as follows: Mr. Gate dates his birtii I) 1828, and is a native of the old Granite Slate. Hi Walter Mary P. (Wi gins) Cate, were residents of Stafford County, New Hampshire, and were also natives of that State, descendants of old New England families. In 18-38 his father moved to Adams County, Illinois, and engaged in farming and stock-rais- ing. Mr. Cate was reared to the calling of his father, and remained upon his father's farm un- til twenty-four years of age. He then purchased land and engaged in farming operations upon his own account until 1864. In that year he started overland for California, making tiie journey by ox teams. Upon his arrival at Salt Lake, he decided to enter California by the Southern route, and in the fall of the year located in Los Angeles County. After a short stay at El Monte, Mr. Cate leased land near Downey and engaged in general farming until 1867. He then ]iurchased 155 acres of land in the Ilanchi to school district, three miles north of Rivera, between the old and new San Gabriel Rivers. Since that time Mr. Cate has devoted himself to agricultural and liorticultural pur- suits, and has built up one of the finest and most productive farms in that section. This land when first occupied by him was in its wild and uncultivated state, and years of labor were required in clearing and bringing the naturally rich soil into subjection for yielding its rich harvests. His success is best shown by a brief mention of the present cultivation of this model place. His broad acres are admirably located for perfect irrigation, and an abundant supply of water from the San Gabriel River is made available for every acre of his land by a perfect system of irrigation ditches. Mr. Cate has con- ducted a system of diversified farming, confining himself to no special production. The climate, soil, etc., is adapted to the successful cultivation of both citrus and deciduous fruits, and par- ticularly to walnut-growing. He has a fine walnut grove of thirty acres in extent, that por- tion which is in full bearing giving him a yearly profit of over $200 per acre. Perfect success seems to have been attained in his vine culture. His vineyard comprises eleven acres of Berger, and one acre of Zinfandel wine grapes. In HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES UOUNTT. 1888 tliese vines were in full bearing; and as showing what climate, soil and an intelligent and practical cultivation will do, we cite the fact that the yield from his vinejanl in that year was over seventeen tons per acre. Two and one- half acres are devoted to citrus and deciduous fruits, producing oranges, lemons, apples, pears, peaches, apricots, etc. Alfalfa and corn give large harvests upon his irrigated land. Hay and grain also occupy a considerable extent of his lands. The improvements upon his place are substantial and well ordered. A tine two- story residence of modern architectural design, containing the conveniences and even luxuries of a well-ordered home, has taken the place of his modest cottage of early days. Commodious and well-ordered barns and out-buildings attest the prosperous results of his labor. Mr. Gate is a strong bdliever in the future prosperity of Los Angeles County and Southern California, anil has landed interests in other sections, among which is 100 acres of grain land six miles west of Los Angeles, twenty acres of improved land at Monrovia, and 1,800 acres in Fresno County, situated about ten miles northeast of the city of Fresno. Mr. Cate, when first locat- ing in Los Angeles County, was poor; his capital was an intelligent, practical knowledge of agricultural pursuits, industrious habits, and an honest and straightforward manner in deal- ing with his fellow-men. These qualities have secured him a reasonable competency, and gained him the respect and esteem of a large circle of friends and acquaintances, lie is a consistent member of the Methodist Church, South, taki a deep interest in both church and schools. He has served for over twenty years as an able school trustee of his district. In political mat- ters he is a Democrat. In 1856 Mr. Cate was united in marriage with Miss Eliza Henderson, a native of Indiana. Her parents were William and Anna (McConnell) Henderson, both natives of Pennsylvania. Three of their live children are now living, viz.: Daniel Webster, who mar- ried Miss Emma Pierce; Dallas Mason and James Wilbur. They are all residing on the old homestead and engaged with their father in his farming operations. The third child. Hay- den, died in 1878, at the age of twenty years; and the fifth child, Louise Olive, died in 1888, aged twenty-two years. ^-^--^ PvOK. .1. M. COYNER, Vice-President of the Occidental University, is a native of Virginia, born September 16, 1827. His father, Robert Coyner, was a slaveholder, who, in 1837, gave his slaves their freedom, and re- moved to Ohio; and in that State the subject of this sketch received his early education. He entered Hanover College, at Hanover, Indiana, and graduated in 1852, after which he engaged in teaching, was Professor of Mathematics at Waveland Collegiate Institute, and was con- nected with that institution of learning for ten years. He then accepted the position of super- intendent of schools at Cambridge City, In- diana, tilling that position two years. He was next called to Rushville, Illinois, where he held the same position two years, liequiring a change of climate, on account of his health, he was sent to the Indians in Northern Idaho, and was there in the employ of the Government two years. In 1875 he was called to the educational and mission work at Salt Lake City, and for ten years he was the head and front of educational and evangelical work in Utah. Coming in con- tact in his daily work with the opposition and persecution of the Mormon Church, he boldly metevery issue with an unflinching purpose not to compromise any principle of his work. He and his brave, noble wife labored successfully in that field for ten years, leaving the work in a most prosperous condition. On account of his wife's health, they came to Los Angeles in May, 1885, seeking a more congenial climate. The Professor was called to Sierra Madre College and remained there until the death of his wife. This estimable lady departed this life in Jan- uary, 1888. in Chillicothe, Ohio. She was, be- fore her marriage, Miss Mary Wilson, of Ross . HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Count}', Ohio. Mrs. Cojiier was engaged in teaching with her husband. She received the lirst coniuiission ever granted by the Board of Home Missions to a lady, and her commission is No. 1. They had two children, a son and daiigliter. The latter was the wife of Kev. Josiah Welch, of Salt Lake City. After the deatli of his wife, Professor Coyner became identified with Occidental University, and at present holds tiie position uf vice-president of this prosperous institution of learning. E. COHN, M. D., was born at Brandenburg, Germany, in 1852, while his parents were there on a visit. His father. Rev. Elkin Colin, D. D., is a native of Germany, and a graduate of the Berlin University. He has ofiiciated as the Rabbi of the Jewish Temple Immaniiel, at San Francisco, for nearly thirty years. His mother, 7iee Caroline Levuillant, was a native of Switzerland, and was born at Yverdun, Canton de Vaux. She was a niece uf the celebrated Parisian chemist of the same name. She died at San Francisco in 1880, at tlie age of fifty-five years. Rev. Elkin Colin and his wife were both of Hebrew ancestors. With the exception of time spent in Europe, the Doctor was reared in San Francisco. AVlien fourteen years of age he was sent to Berlin, Prussia, to complete his education, and while there he began the study of medicine. In 1871, returning to America, he entered the Medical College of the Pacific at San Francisco, from wliicl: he graduated as M. D. in 1881. In that year he received the appointment of superin- tending surgeon of the Northern Pacific Rail- road Company, and in connection with the same was also appointed to a like position by the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company. In 1884 lie located in the Central Hospital of the Northern Pacific Railway Company at Mis- soula, Montana, and directed the company's medical affairs from that point until the latter part of 1885, when, resigning on account of poor health, lie came to Los Angeles and estab- lished himself in medical practice. Dr. Cohn was married in 1879, at Oakland, California, to Miss Eflfie C. Case, daughter of tlie late Captain Elijah Case, one of the oldest pioneers of Cali- fornia. She was born at San Francisco, where she was reared and educated. The Doctor ia not only a good English scholar, but also speaks the German and French languages fluently. He is now engaged in translating into English " Hyrtle's Topographical Anatomy." He is the author of several medical works, viz: "Epitome of the Hiftory of Anatomy," " The Influence of Essential Oil Bearing Plants on Malaria," " Rail- road Surgery as a Specialty," " Concussion of the Brain and Spinal Cord in Railroad Accidents," etc. He is the inventor of the emergency cot, now so extensively used in railroad accidents. Dr. Cohn is a prominent Freemason, having attained to the thirty-second degi'ee of that order. fOHN P. COLVER, a fanner and fruit- grower, on lot 70 of the American colony tract of the Cerritos Ranch, came to this State seven years ago. He located first at Col- ton, San Bernardino County, where, for a num- ber of years, he was engaged in farming and also worked at the carpenter's trade. Mr. C.ol- ver was born in the Emjiire State, Dutchess County, May 6, 1825, his parents being Alanson and Permelia (Finch) Colver. They were natives of New York State, the former being descended from English ancestors and the latter from Scotch. They were the parents of five children, John P., however, being the only surviving one. In 1858 Mr. Colver went to Kansas where he worked at his trade until the breaking out of the war. His sympathies were at once enlisted on the Union side and he entered the army. After an honorable record of eighteen months' service he was discharged on account of disability. After this he sought employment in a new line of action, and went into the giocery business in Leavenworth, Kansas. Later he engaged as a HISTORY OF LOS ANOBLBS COUNTY. traveling salesman for Bittnan, Taj'lor & Co., spending twelve years on the road, doing busi- ness for that lirin. January 5, 1851, lie was united in marriage to Miss Julia Kelsey, a native of Connecticut. To tliem have been born one child, Mary. Politically Mr. Colver is identified with the Republican party. He is a member of the G. A. R. Post at Colton, Cali- fornia. As a citizen he stands high in the com- muTiity, and is honored and respected by his neighbors and acquaintances. «RNEST A. COXHEAD, California Bank- Building, Los Angeles, was \)orn in Sus- sex, England, in 1863; received his pro- fessional education in the Architectural School of the Royal Academy of Arts, London; entered the office of one of the leading architects of that great city, where he became foi*eman, and left that position in 1886 to come to America. In the spring of that year he came to Los Angeles and since then he has been prosecuting his chosen profession with brilliant success. He has been entrusted with preparing the plans and superintending the erection of some of the finest buildings in the city. and surrounding country. He drew the plan of the Young Men's Christian Association Building, one of the finest blocks in Los Angeles; also of the First English Lutheran Church, the All Saints' Episcopal Church, Pas- adena; the First Congregational Church of Los Angeles, the Memorial Church (stone) at Gar- vanza, and many others. fAMES COOK, proprietor of the Los Ange- les Wool Pulling Factory, and manufacturer of tallow and neat's-foot oil, is a native of the State of Connecticut, and was born Novem- ber 6, 1836. He grew up and attended school there, and upon reaching manhood determined to seek his fortune on the Pacific Coast. He sailed from New York, came via the Istiinius and reached San Francisco in January, 1857, going directly to the mines at Marysville. While there they had, to use a miner's expression, a pretty tough experience. They ran short of provisions, and for th-ee days three of them lived on the head of a grizzly bear. Mr. Cook returned to Marysville and afterward engaged in business and established the Marysville Soap Works. He was $50 in debt when he began, but by industry and practical ability he built up a prosperous business. During the famous floods in Marysville Mr. Cook and his family had a very narrow escape. His house was del- uged with water. From the first story they were driven to the second, and by standing on tal)les, supported themselves as best they could. The water continuing to rise, Mr. Cook cut a large hole in the roof anti dragged his family through the hole out on the roof in the nio-ht and then secured some bedding, drenched with water, and lay there until morning. They were finally rescued on a raft, and as they floated through the streets they saw other people on the house-tops, equally as unfortunate as them- selves. After the flood partially abated, Mr. Cook was prominent in immediately organizing relief committees, and rode day and night with his team for a week, as one of the directors of the committee, carrying provisions and blankets for those who were suffering, giving the grain from his barn and money from his pocket, and using his credit at the stores to assist and re- lieve his less fortunate neighbors, until all were made quite comfortable. That is the kind of a whole-souled, generous man he is. The follow- ing year his house was burned and his family barely escaped with their lives. Mr. Cook was successfully engaged in business and ])romi- nently identified with the interests of Marysville for almost a quarter of a century. Me then went to Oakland, built a tannery and carried on the business of wool-pulling and tallow-refining for six years, after which he sold his interests and went East. After remaining there a time he returned to California and located in Los Angeles. He purchased half a block of land 726 U I STORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. and erected his present large, commodious fac- tory, and is doing a siiccessfnl and constantly increasing business. In this enterprise he is ably assisted by his son, who inherits the me- chanical genius of his father. Mr. Cook owns a very line ranch of 900 acres in Antelope Val- ley, besides other property. He owes his suc- cess in life to his own determined energy, his practical ability to master every detail of his business in whatever he undertook, and always made his word his bond. He has ever been open handed and generous, and always ready to do more than his share in behalf of the suffering and unfortunate, and never caring for the popu- lar applause of the world. Mr. Cook was united in marriage February 12, 1863, to Miss Mary Ann Corder, of California. They have five children: Violet Louisa, Daisy, Carry A., Will- iam J. A., and Mary J. ^-m-^ fHOMAS COPLEY, capitalist, 22 North Hope street, Los Angeles, is a native of England, and was born March 31, 1831. He was reared and learned the trade of cloth- finishing in his native country. After reaching manhood he emigrated to America in 1855, and worked at his trade in Canada for two years. In the spring of 1857 he started overland to California, and drove an ox team from Fort Leavenworth to Salt Lake. There were forty- five wagons in the train, with six yoke of oxen to each wagon, transporting supplies for the troops at Camp Floyd. The stock was stam- peded by Indians, but the wagon-master being a model scout of long experience, they secured possession of their stock. After reaching Salt Lake, Mr. Copley, witli seven others, packed four ponies and came on foot all the way, a dis- tance of 800 miles, to San Bernardino. He came to Los Angeles and obtained work in a restaurant in a little adobe hut on Main street, where the First National Bank now stands. After a short time he was taken ill and went to the Sisters' Hospital. After his recovery he was employed for two years at the hospital. He next bought some laud and engaged in gar- dening for some time on Alameda street, where the Lankersheim now stands. Mr. Copley after- -ward engaged in contracting, excavating, and hauling building material, and making streets, gardens, etc., and for over a quarter of a century successfully carried on the business. He owns valuable property on Fort street, and also on Hope street. Mr. Copley had no capital when he began life, and his success is due to his in- dustry and good management. He married Miss Margaret Grinsell, a native of New York State. Their home on Hope street is one of the most eligible locations in the city. fEORGE CARSON, farmer and stock-raiser, near Dominguez Station, was born in the State of New York, March 8, 1832, son of John and Sophia (Cady) Carson, natives also of that State, who moved, when their son was twelve years of age, to St. Charles, Illinois. In 1846 he enlisted in the Mexican war, in Colonel .Newberry's regiment, and served until the close of the contest, being discharged at Santa Fe. After spendif.g some time at the latter place and in Mexico, he came in 1853 to Los Angeles and engaged in the hardware trade on Commer- cial street, in partnership with Mr. Sanford. After about nine years in this business he moved to his present place, where he engaged in stock-raising, to which he has since added general agriculture. The estate comprises 24,- 000 acres, of which he has one-sixth. It bor- ders along the ocean coast near Dominguez Station, is known as the San Pedro Ranch, and is one of the finest estates in Southern Califor- nia. At first Mr. Carson devoted his attention mainly to sheep-raising, but he now has a large stock of horses and cattle as well. Some of these are fine-bred, being of the best strains in California. His home also is one of the finest in Los Angeles County, the large and commodi- ous residence, completed two years ago, occupy- HISTORY OF LOS AtfOBLES VOITNTY. ing a most commanding locality — -one of the most beautiful and romantic places between Los Angeles and the sea. July 30, 1857, is the date of Mr. Carson's marriage to Miss Victoria Domin^uez, daughter of the late Manuel Domin- guez, an early and honored settler of this county, a sketch of whose life is given elsewliere in this work. Mr. and Mrs. Carson have si.v sons and si.\ daughters. til. DUNLxVP, residing in tiie Ranchito district, a mile and a half north of Iliv- * era, dates his birth in Bell (Jounty Texas, December 23, 1819, son of John and Mary Uunlap, who were among the emigrants of 1854 from Texas to Los Angeles County. John Dunlap brought some means to this new country, bat his capital mainly consisted of an almost inexhaustible fund of energy and ambi- tion. The two years following their coming were spent by the family on a ranch near El Monte. Tliey then removed to Tulare County. There Mr. Dunlap soon became known far and wide as a successful stock-grower and dealer. Later he became a resident of San Bernardino County, where he continued actively engaged in business many years. After a life of great use- fulness, during which he had won the confi- dence and respect of business and social circles, he died July 6, 1875, aged six.ty-four years. His widow, Mrs. Mary Dunlap, survives and makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. Laura Egan, at Pomona. The names of her children, besides Mrs. Egan and A. H. Dunlap, whose name heads this sketch, are F. P. Dunlap, Lewis Dunlap, Mrs. Mary Glenn and Mrs. Ella Collins. All are prosperous and well settled in life. A. II. Dunlap, the subject of this sketch, is as thoroughly identified with the growtii and de- velopment of Southern California as a "native son," for his earliest recollections of life are of scenes and incidents in this sunny land. In Sm Bernardino County, in 1872, he wedded Miss Susan Standefer, daughter of James S. and Caroline R. Standefer, who were also emi- grants from Texas, where Mrs. Dunlap was born. The home property occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Dunlap contains seventy-live acres of choice land in one of the finest districts of the famous San (rabriel Valley. The quality of soil and abundance of water make the ranch especially valuable for the purpose to which it is mainly devoted — fruit-growing. The thrifty orange grove is yielding a revenue of about .^400 per acre. One of the noticeable tine improvements ib a walnut grove, now from six to ten years old. Mr. Dunlap occupied and commenced the improvement of this property in 1876. In con- nection with the heirs of the M. H. Tyler estate, Mr. Dunlap owns a one-half interest in 400 acres of land adjoining the town plat of Whit- tier, on the south. Mr. and Mrs. Dunlap have eight children. Their names in order of their birth are: Minnie, Albert, Lena, Louis, William, John, Ross and Lilian. Mrs. Dunlap's father now resides at Pomona with his daugiiter, Mrs. T. D. Holliday, where her mother died April 20, 1888. One brother who recently (1888) came from Texas, D. T. Standefer, resides in Pomona; another brother, William R. Stande- fer, a Californian of long standing, widely and favorably known, who the latter part of his life was a resident and owner of the Ranchito dis- trict, died April 4, 1879. fAMES D. DURFEE is oneof the most suc- cessful and representative farmers of La Puente school district. His fine farm is located on the Temple road, about three miles south of El Monte. Mr. Durfee was born in Adams County, Illinois, in 1840." His father, James Durfee, was a native of Rhode Island, and his mother, nee Cynthia Soule, was born in New York. The death of his parents occurring when he was quite young left him an orphan, and dependent upon his own exertions for sup- port and education. He remained in the county of his birth until fifteen years of age, and then HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. started westward, aiming for the Golden State. He crossed the plains to Salt Lake with an emi- grant wagon train, and there took the southern route into California. Upon his arrival in San Bernardino County, in the fall of 1855, he en- gaged in farming and other occupations until 1859, when he came to Los Angeles County and rented land about lour miles south of El Monte, upon which he engaged in farming until the next year. He then purchased 125 acres — his present residence — of wild and uncultivated land and commenced its improvement and cultiva- tion. Mr. Durfee has devoted himself to a system of diversified farming, planting a large variety of citrus and deciduous fruits i'or domes- tic use, and also a line walnut grove, about his residence. The remainder of his land is pro- ducing hay, grain and vegetables, and support- ing his stock. Among the latter is a dairy of twenty cows of the famous Jersey stock. He has also fine specimens of horses improved by tiie " Eichmond" breed. Among the notice- able features of his place are his English walnut trees, which have reached a remarkable growth. The oldest were planted in 1864, and several are now (1889) I'rom two and a half feet to three feet in diameter. No irrigation has ever been used by Mr. Durieein raising his citrus or other fruit. A neat cottage residence and commodi- ous barns and out-buildings attest the success that has attended his efforts. A residence of thirty years in the San Gabriel Valley has made Mr. Dnrfee well known. His straightforward, manly qualities and consistent mode of life liave gained him scores of warm friends. Starting in life a poor orphan boy, he has by his industry and perseverance fought his way upward. Un- daunted by many obstacles unknown to his more favored competitors in the race of life, he has secured a success in his calling. He is an in- telligent and self-educated man. Taking a deej) interest in schools, he has for many years served his school district as one of its active trustees. He is a life-long Eepublican, a worker in the ranks of his party, and has represented his dis- trict as a delegate in many of the county con- ventions. In 1887-'88 he was the assistant assessor, and made the assessment for his town- ship. He is also an active member of the Patrons of Husbandry. In 1856 Mr. Durfee was united in marriage with Miss Diantha Cleniinson, a history of whose family is given in a sketch of her brother, James Cleminson. to be found in this volume. Mr. and Mrs. Durfee have had two children, Eva and James Ros- well, both of whom are members of their father's household. '^■^■^ fEORGE B. DAVIS was born in Concord, Massachusetts, in 1821. His parents, Thomas H. and Maria (Barnes) Davis, were both natives of Massachusetts. Mr. Davis was reared and scliooled in his native })lace. While a young man he lelt the farm and learned the trade of boot and shoe maker, and soon after reaching his majority he established himself in the boot and shoe business, and as his trade in- creased he commenced manufacturing upon an extensive scale, in Concord. He conducted his enterprise in that place for nearly forty years, and was one of the representative business men of that section. In addition to other enteiprises he was a lumber dealer, and was also engaged in the real-estate business. In 1884 Mr. Davis decided to I'etire from the active business pur- suits and seek a more genial climate, and in October of that year he came to California and located in the Sierra Madre Colony, taking up his residence upon a forty-eight-aere tract, which he had purchased in 1881. This land is situated on the east side of Baldwin avenue, northwest of Live Oak avenue. It was then in a wild and uncultivated state. He at first planted a vine- yard of thirty-live acres, but later decided to devote his attention to fruit culture, and in 1885 commenced tree-planting. At this writing (1889) he is the owner of forty-five acres of his original tract, eleven acres of which are an orange grove and orchard, producing Washington Na- vel oranges and a large variety of deciduous HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 729 fruits for family use. Twelve acres are in Muscat grapes. Tlie rest of bis laud is devoted to bay and grain. The substantial improve- ments, consisting of a well-ordered cottage and suitable out-bniidings, denote the successful farmer and horticulturist. Mr. Davis has taken an interest in developing the resources of the colony and advancing its interests. lie is a di- rector of tbe Sierra Madre "Water Company, and in 1888 was the vice-president of the company. Politically he is a Kepnblican, and though not an office seeker, takes an intelligent interest in tbe success of bis party. He is a consistent member of the Congregational Church of Sierra Madre, and a strong supporter of tbe same; has been a trustee, and in 1885 and 1886 was one of the deacons of tbe church. In 1854 Mr. Davis married Miss Sarab A. Cracroft, a native of New York City. They have one ciiild, Alice L., who married Chester A. Andrews, formerly of Connecticut, but now a resident of Sierra Madre. iRS. MAMIE PERKY DAVIS is a na- tive of tbe city of Los Angeles, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William H. Perry, from both of whom she inherited her passionate love of music, which she has exhibited from her earliest childhood. She first challenged the attention of tbe local public by singing, wiiile yet in her 'teens, in a concert wherein she took tbe leading soprano in tbe " Lucia" sextet, which she carried through with tbe precision of a full-fledged prima donna, and by singing in a charming manner one of tbe brilliant arias of Rigoletto. The local press at the time, chroni- cling her success, was very enthusiastic in proph- esying her future possibilities. In 1880 she went to Italy to study under the best masters, her first teacher being Albites (husband of Mme. Gazzanica), and afterward the eminent maestro, Signor Sangiovani, became her tutor. She re- mained under bis instruction till her debut, September 25, 1881, in tbe title role of Petrella's opera, "Contessa d'Amalfi," whicb she sang with great success for seventeen nigbts. Tbe musical journals of Milan, Florence, Mantua and Bologna spoke in high terms of the line quality of her voice, especially of her extreme high notes, extending to D and E, and of the excel- lence and purity of her scales, trills, sustained and staccato notes. In the " Farfalla" (Butterfly) cavatina particularly, and in the " Polacca" from the opera of " Puritani," which she sometimes sang as an interlude, she created extraordinary enthusiasm, according to tbe journals L' Arena, of Verona, and II Mondo Artistico, of Milan. Her Italian audiences, who knew her as " Maria Perrini," and who knew what good singing was, were very quick to i-ecognize the beauty of her voice, whicb they classified as a high soprano, and the extraordinary agility of her runs, which, when accompanied by tbe flute, could not easily be distinguished from tbe tones of that instru- ment. In Milan she was called the " velvet- voiced Soprano," and it was not surprising that her master, Signor Sangiovani, was very proud of his pupil and of her success; nor that he proph- esied for her a brilliant future if she kept up her studies and adopted tbe lyric art as a pro- fession, which was her intention when she returned to America; but tbe charms of social and domestic life have, temporarily at least, diverted her from this intention. In 1883 Miss Perry was married to Mr. Charles W. Davis, of Portsmouth, Ohio, who was also a highly cult- ured musician. He died July 7, 1885. Mrs. Davis has frequently sung in grand concerts, etc., since her return from Italy, and she has ever been ready to sing for charitable and other objects, which she has thus aided in a most efficient manner. In ballad, and in pathetic music, tbe sympathetic quality of her voice is its tnost striking characteristic. In this class of music it has been said, metaphorically but not inaptly, that " there are tears in her sing- ing." But whether she renders religious, class- ical or operatic music, her cultured auditors at once recognize that she has tbe instincts of a true musician. She has of late intended to re- 730 HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. turn to Europe and resume her studies under the guidance of her old master, Siguor Sangiovani, but has been deterred from doing so thus far, partly by ill health and partly by the disinclina- tion of her family to have her go abroad, to be absent for a series of years. She is held in the highest esteem for her kind heart and many noble womanly qualities by the people of her native city, who are also proud of her success in her art. In social life she is ever the cultured, gracious lady, whose charms of person and man ner make her society sought by all who come within the circle of her influence. To her friends, high or low, rich or poor, she is ever true, like the true woman she is. Mrs. Davis is an honorary member of the Grand Army of tiie Republic, and is, with possibly a single ex- ception, the only lady Major, regularly elected to that office in that body, in the United States. Mrs. Major Mamie Perry Davis is justifiably proud of the distinction thus spontaneously be- stowed upon her, as is the G. A. R. Post of which she is a member proud to have her name inscribed upon its roster of officers. A portrait of Mrs. Davis appears in this work. ' P: " : - 2 < fUARLES W. DAVIS, arciiitect, Downey Block, North Main street, Los Angeles, is a native of Massachusetts, born in New- buryport, March 24, 1826. His parents and grandparents were natives of the same State. During his boyhood the subject of this sketch attended school in his native town and served an apprenticeship of five years in learning the trade of carpenter and joiner. He next entered the office of a leading architect in Boston where he remained two years. In 18-49, during the gold excitement in California, he determined to come to the Pacific Coast, and sailed on the ship Euphrasia, Captain Charles Buntin, and was six months and fourteen days on the way. When he landed in San Francisco all he had was a $2.50 gold-piece, and board at that time was $7 ]ier day. His ability as an architect was fully appreciated at that time and his services were in active demand. He immediately engaged in business and was the contractor and builder of the Jewish Synagogue Iminanuel on Sutter street, Rev. Thomas Starr King's Church, the Silby Shot Tower, the Robert Watt Block on Kearny street, the Tucker jewelry store on Montgomery street, and many other prominent buildings; thenceforward he devoted his time exclusively to his profession. After a residence of twenty years in San Francisco he resided in Santa Cruz four years, and then, in 1874, he came to Los Angeles, where he has since been actively identified with the progress of this city. With one exception he is the oldest in his profession in this place. He has operated in real estate, laid out the Davis subdivisions on Washington street, and has been very successful in his invest- ments generally. He owns the Golden Eagle Ranch on the National boulevard, where he has registered Jerseys for sale at all times, some of the choicest stock in Southern California. He has done much to improve this part of the city. His success in life is owing to his own unaided efforts, and he is naturally liberal and generous. For his first wife Mr. Davis married Caroline Collins, of Amesbury, Massachusetts; she died, leaving three children, two of whom are yet living. For his present wife he married Miss Frances Parks Tuttle, of Los Angeles, March 8, 1879. They have two sons: Edward W. and Calvin W.; and two daughters, Frances Pearl and Anna Diamond. fOHN I. DAVISSON, a grain and fruit raiser residing two miles west of Compton, is a pioneer of 1850. He was born in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, in 1832, and is a son of Elias and Sarah (Post) Davisson, na- tives of Ohio and Virginia respectively, and of English origin. They were early settlers of Tippecanoe County, Indiana, and subsequently removed to Holt County, Missouri, where the residue of their lives was spent. The former HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. died in 1849 and the latter in 1850. They reared a family of eight children, the subject of this sketch being the youngest of the three boys. Leaving his home in Holt County, Mis- souri, in April, 1850, he set out for the Pacific Coast, coming overland, and arriving in Mil- waukee, Oregon, October 18, of the same year. After camping there for three months he, in company with eighteen men, went to Yerka, Siskiyou County, where he engaged in mining for one year. After leaving the mines Mr. Davis- son was variously employed; he purchased mules and followed "packing" for about four years, then moved to Saline County, next to the Brit- ish Possessions, and still later to Ventura County, where he farmed till 1869. In that year he was married to Louisa Haver, of the State of Arkansas, and a daughter of Wilson Haver, a Methodist minister who came to California in 1862 and died in Eastern Oregon in 1888. Mr. Davisson purchased forty acres of land when he tirst came to Los Angeles County and has to-day a well-improved, productive farm. Mr. and Mrs. Davisson, with their two oldest children, Cora N. and Delia M., are members of the Methodi-st Episcopal Church. Their other children are: Abbie, Nettie, and Ray. -^^-3--^ fL. DAVISON, a farmer residing near Compton, was born in Connecticut in * 1821, and is a son of J. L. Davison, Sr.^ who was also a farmer and who spent the most of his life in the Slate of New York. Mr. Davison left his homo in the East in 1847, and went to Dodge County, Wisconsin, where he farmed for several years, after which, in 1856, he moved to Seward County, Nebraska, and there engaged in the milling business for some time. In 1884 he moved to New Mexico, and in 1887 came to Los Angeles County, where he purchased the farm on which he now lives. This farm is well stocked with a good grade of horses and cattle, and the broad fields of alfalfa and his orchards of fruit speak of his energy and perseverance as a farmer. Mr. Davison was married in 1842, the partner of his choice being Jerusha Weeks, a native of the Empire State. Together they have traveled the pathway of life, and together have worked and enjoyed its bless- ings. They have reared a family of seven chil- dren, all of whom are married. "They are: Joseph H., who married Mary Mitchell; Alice, wife of G. W. Lazenbj'; M. M., who married Nanna Bartlett; Ada, wife of J. H. Calver; Clara, wife of J. A. May; A. L.,who married Nora Bellwood; and Lulu, wife of T. F. Shields. Both Mr. Davison and his wife are active and consistent members of the Methodist Church, and are worthy and honored people, respected and esteemed by all who know them. fW. DYE. — Prominent among the early pioneers of Los Angeles County was the * subject of this sketch. He was born in Mason County, Kentucky, December 6, 1810, and is the son of Robert and Sarah (Wells) Dye. Both his grandfathers, Granville H. Dye and Thomas Wells, were pioneers with Daniel Boone in Kentucky. They were originally from New Jersey, and were of German extraction. Thomas Wells was a Captain in the Revolutionary war. The subject of this sketch is the third of live sons. He left home after he had obtained his majority and went to Missouri, locating at Wes- ton, Piatt County, where he was engaged for several years in the hotel and livery l)usiness. In 1844 he was married to Miss Ilellen Winter, who was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, and is a (laughter of John and Harriet (Hall) Win- ter, both natives of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Winter reared a large family-, nine children in all; he died in Missouri at the advanced age of ninety years. In 186B Mr. Dye sold out his interests in Weston, Missouri, and moved to Virginia City, Montana, where, for some time he was in the saw-mill business, and later re- moved to Bannock City. On the 26tli of De- cember, 186G, he arrived in Los Angeles, and HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. lived in tlie city for three years. In 1869 he purchased eighty acres of land which he im- proved, and where he has since lived. He has been very successful in his business career. The following are the names of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Dye: Emma, the oldest, is wife of J. R. Leoherman, who was mayor of Los Angeles for three terms; Ilattie, wife of E. H. Dalton, who is overseer of the Water Company of Los Angeles; Fannie, wife of Louis Barthel, died five years ago; Mollie is the wife of A. M. Green, who has been with Jacoby Brothers in tlie dry-goods business for several years; and Bradley,, who died at the age of nineteen years. ^^ ■ .^ ,^,. {.,[-§-•, i^ ■ , .^ fOLONELT. 8. DUNN, of Santa Monica, ig a retired officer of the regular army. He is a native of Indiana, and is the youngest son of Judge Williamson Dunn, who was a well-known and prominent man in Jefferson County, Indiana. He represented the people of that county in the State Legislature for several terms, and was judge of the circuit court of Jefferson County. He was boru in what is now the State of Ken- tucky, but then a part of Virginia, December 25, 1781. He was the first white child born in that region. He married Miss Miriam Wilson, also a native of Kentucky, and of Scotch-Irish descent. By her he had eleven children. The subject of this sketch was educated at the com- mon schools and also attended college. In 1850 he married Miss Harriet Tipton, of Logansport, Indiaini. She is the daughter of General John Tiptiiu, who was at the battle of Tippecanoe, in tiie war of 1812. He was born in Sevier County, Tennessee, August 11, 1786, and was a great man in council and field during the early history of the State of Indiana. In 1846 the subject of this sketch entered the arm}' against Mexico, in the First Indiana Volunteers, and served about one year. He then engaged in farming until the breaking out of the civil war, when, J[ay 9, 1861. he entered the service with the Ninth Indiana Regiment. July 4, 1861, he was made Captain in the regular army, and served through the war in the Army of the Potomac. His first engagement wa^ at the second battle of Bull Run. He also fnught at Antietatn^ Fredericksburg, South Mountain, Gettysburg and the Wilderness. At the last-named place he was wounded in the left arm. He was sub- sequently sent to Indianapolis as mustering and disbursing officer, until the close of the war. He was then ordered to Virginia, and remained till 1869, when he was ordered to Arizona as Cap- tain of a company to protect the frontier against the Indians. After three years he was sent to Oregon, and was there two years, within which time he was brevetted for his conduct in the field and made Major of the Eighth Infantry in the regular army. From there he was ordered to Montana, and from there to Ft. Yuma, Califor- nia. In 1878 he was retired, since which time he has resided in the beautiful Santa Monica. The Colonel is now in his si.xty-eighth year, well preserved. Nature has been very kind to him in giving him a cheerful disposition and a con- tented mind. He has served his country well, has been a brave and valiant soldier, and is in every way worthy the honors conferred on him by the Government. fD. DeGEAR, dealer in tin and corrugated iron roofing, ventilators and chimney tops, ® 159 Aliso street, Los Angeles, was born in San Francisco, California, June 30, 1861. His parents, G. W. and Mary (Kreger) De Gear, were pioneers, coming to California in 1850. They have fifteen children, and all except one born in San Francisco, and the parents still reside in that city. The subject of this sketch attended school in his native city and learned his trade of Collins & Roberts, one of the leading firms in the city, remaining with this firm fourteen years. He came to Los An- geles in 1887 and established his present busi- ness. He had only 890 in money, but he had good credit and could get all the stock he wanted. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. PIo has bad a large practical experience, and by close attention to bis business bas built up a good trade, having all the work he can attend to- In November, 1885, Mr. De Gear married Miss Lizzie Laum, of California. They have two sons: Philip J. and Armand. T-rTII'MAM FORBES.— Among the well- ^\/\l kiiuwn citizens and representative farm- L^"%iM ers of the Azusa is the subject of this sketch. Mr. Forbes came to this place in 1875 and purchased a claim of eighty acres of land of John Sbelton. This land is located about two miles south of the present site of Azusa City. At the time of his purchase it was nearly all in a wild antl uncultivated state. His years of labor have produced good results, and among his improvements may be noted a fine orchard uf French prunes of six acres in extent, four acres of apricots, two acres of oranges, two acres of peaches, apples and pears and other decidu- ous fruits; also six acres in alfalfa, which by his system of irrigation is made to produce a yearly yield of ten tons per acre. The rest of his land is devoted to general farming and stock-raising. Among his stock are some line specimens of draft horses of Norman breed, and roadsters of "Billy Lee" stock; also Jersey cattle. Mr. Forbes is a native of Prince Edward's Island, and dates his birth in 1843. He is the son of Peter and Margaret (Rol)inson) Forbes. His fatlier was a native of Prince Edward's Island, and his mother was born in Scotland. The sub- ject of this sketch was reared as a farmer, in which calling his father was engaged. At the age of nineteen years he started in life for him- self and emigrated to the United States. Soon after his arrival in New York he came via steamer route to California. After a short stay in San Francisco he went to Nevada and located at Steamboat Springs, where he engaged in con- tracting and furnisliing wood for the mills at that point. He was successful in his business, and continued his operations until forced to abandon them on account of the timber claims of the United States controlling the wood lands of that section. In 1868 he located in Inyo County, California, and there engaged in farm- ing until 1872. In that year he returned to Nevada and engaged in stock business in Death's Valley. That not proving a success, in the fall of that ytar he located in San Bernardino County, California, and commenced farming operations upon rented lands. He conducted his operations in that county until 1875, when he took up bis present residence. Mr. P^orbes is a practical farmer, devoting his lands to diversified products, and has been successful in his enterprise. He is a strong believer in the wealth and future prosperity that await his sec- tion of the San Gabriel Valley, and is a sup- porter of such enterprises as tend to develop its resources. He is a stockholder, director and treasurer of the Azusa Irrigating Company. In politics he is a straightforward Republican. In May, 1888, Mr. Forbes was united in marriage with Miss Susannah C. McCullum, a native of Prince Edward's Island, and the daughter ot Stephen McCullum. Mr. Forbes's father died in 1876. His mother died at his home in 1879. fF. UURRELL, capitalist, 110 East Fifth street, Los Angeles, is a native of Som- * erset County, Maine, and was born July 1, 1826 He was reared in his native State and lived there until 1852, when he decided to come to the Pacific Coast. He left home Feb- ruary 11, and went to New York, from which port he sailed March 6, on the ship Grecian, Captain Insley, and came around Cape Horn, reaching San Francisco, August 11, 1852. The mines were then the chief attraction for every one, and he accordingly went to Placer County and engaged in mining on the American River; afterward went to Auburn, but again sought the mines, this time at Kentucky Flat, and also on Indian Creek. He went to Sierra County; was successfully engaged in mining, and made his 734 HISTORY OF LOS AJfOELES COUNTY. home there for fifteen years. He also had a sheep ranch in Yuba County. In 1868, after returning to the Eastern States and making a visit to his old homo, he came to Los Angeles County and engaged in farming near the town of Florence, continuing there twenty years until his property grew to be very valuable. He disposed of it during the land excitement, came to the city of Los Angeles and improved his property here. He built the Somerset House on Filth street. Mr. Durrell is one of the early pioneers of this State and has been successful in accumulating a competency. He was married P'ebruary 23, 1858, to Miss Philena D. Haythorn, a native of Somerset County, Maine. Tliey have had one son, now deceased. fRED DOHS, capitalist, 442 East Firststreet, is a native of Worms, Germany, born No- vember 18, 1846. His parents emigrated to this country in 1849, during his early ciiild- hood, and lived in New York, where he attended school until twelve years old. His father was a thorough musician, and the subject of this sketch inherited his musical talents, which began to develop when he was quite young. In 1858 his father sailed for California, and after reach- ing San Francisco young Dohs pursued his musical studies for two or three years, after which he made engagements with theatrical companies and went on concert tours. He came to Los Angeles in 1869, from White Pine, Nevada, making the trip of 700 miles by wagon. He intended to go to San Diego, but being pleased with the City of the Angels, he decided to locate here. He opened a barber shop, and at the same time carried on his musical interests. He organized Fred Dohs' Orchestra; was also leader of the city' brass band, known as Dohs' Brass and String Band. For the past twenty years he has been prominently identified with the musical interests of this city and of South- ern California as well. Mr. Dohs has been very successful in his investments, and is one of the large property owners of Los Angeles, and the largest individual owner on First street. He is one-fiftii owner of Evergreen Cemetery, and has otiier valuable real estate. He is actively iden- tified with the progress and development of the city and county. February 7, 1866, he married Miss Elizabeth Dietrich, a native of Germany. They have had nine children; only four survive: Louise, Amelia, Charlie and Willie. They all inherit their father's musical talent. f ELLSWORTH, dealer in hay, grain, wood and coal, Los Angeles, is a native of New ® York State, and was born in Saint Law- rence County, March 31, 1839. When quite young he went to Cleveland, Ohio, and from there to Michigan and Illinois. Upon reaching early manhood he determined to seek his fort- une on the Pacific Coast, and started westward, leaving the Missouri River at St. Joe, in com- pany with Noah Webster, a young friend of his. They set out with their blankets on their backs and came on foot across the plains, and after enduring great hardships during the long, toilsome journey, and becoming so footsore they could scarcely walk, they reached Mosquito Creek, Butte County, August 17, 1859. Mr. Ellsworth went to the mines, retnaining there until 1868. At that time, during the excite- ment at White Pine, he went to Nevada and renniined there one year, after which he returned to California, driving his own team across the Sierra Nevada Range; and it was so cold that the wheels of his wagon were a solid mass of ice. A'ter his return he was married at Brownsville, California, May 24, 1870, to Miss Melissa Ann Abbott, of Missouri. They came to Los Angeles in January, 1880. Mr. Ellsworth en- gaged in farming and stock-raising, being suc- cessful in his enterprises. Two years ago he established his present business, and, being well and favorably known, has built np a large trade. His father, Cliarles E. Ellsworth, an old and honored resident of New York State, makes his UISTOBT OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. liome here with his son. Mr. and Mrs. Ells- worth have six ciiildren living: Annie M., Eva Grace, Carrie, Nower, Ada and Augustus. Two are deceased: Lansil and Katie. '^■^-^ fAL FAULWETTER, capitalist, 309 Macy street, Los Angeles, was born in Bavaria, Germany, February 14, 1844. During early boyiiood he attended school and served an apprenticeship to the milling business. His father was a miller, and the family for two or three hundred years had followed the milling business. After reaching manhood Mr. Faul- wetter emigrated to America, and landed in New York, January 11, 1867. He remained there a short time and then went to Pennsylva- nia, where he followed his trade, after which he went to Chicago and worked in the mills there and in Milwaukee. In 1869 he came to the Pacific Coast and was in San Fi-ancisco four or five years. He then went to Europe, spent a year in travel, subsequently returned to New York, and after being there six months came again to California, settling in Los Angeles. Here he engaged in milling, and after carrying on the business successfully for eleven years, he gave it upon account of his health. Since then he has not been engaged in active business, but gives his time to his own property interests. Mr. Faul wetter began life with no capital, and his successful career is due to his industrious habits and good management. iMl FRANCK, proprietor of Montana Mar- ^1 ket, dealer in fresh and salted meats, is a ^a^^ native of Baden, Germany, born January 19, 1841. His parents emigrated to America when he was only four years old, located in St. Louis and lived there until their death. In 1854, at the age of fourteen years, Mr. Franck started across the plains to California, being six months on the way. After reaching the coast he engaged in mining in Shasta and Humboldt counties, remaining there until 1860, when he went to Virginia City, then to San Francisco, and later to Idaho. He engaged in mining, and was in Boise City and at the Dalles until 1866. The following year he came to Los An- geles, and opened a butcher shop on North Main street, in a little old adobe building. The water used to rush down Temple street and through his shop, and sometimes the water would be knee deep in the shop. He remained there three years, and then moved to the Plaza, in an old adobe house. After being there a year or two, he went down to Georgetown, at the corner of Sixth and Spring streets, remaining there three years. He then removed to his present location, and since that time has carried on the business here. Mr. Franck is one of the oldest business men in Los Angeles. His generosity is proverbial, and he is ever ready to lend a helping hand to those in distress. In 1869 he married Miss Mary Wooton, a native of San Francisco. They have eight children, three sons and five daughters. Tliey liave two children deceased. Mr. Franck is a prominent member of seveial societies and orders. fM. ERWIN, one of the leading apiarists near the beautiful town of Newhall, is a ® native of Portage County, Ohio. He was born in 1835, and is a son of Samuel and Cath- arine (Vanata) Erwin. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, and a farmer by occupation, first in Iowa and later in Illinois. In the latter State the subject of this sketch first started in business for himself as a farmer. He lived first in Mercer County and then in Christian County. He subsequently moved to St. Louis, where he engaged in the grocery business, and in 1881 came to California. His first work in this State was in Los Gatos, Santa Clara County, where he was in the cannery business. Then he moved to Los Angeles County and entered 160 acres of land in Soledad Township, where he now re- HISTOnr OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. sides, and he also took a tree-claim in the same township. This land he has improved and is now engaged in fanning. His principal crops are barley and potatoes. He has two large apiaries of several hundred stands. He was mar- ried in the city of St. Lonis, to Miss Ella Bar- low, a native of Eock Island, Illinois. They have two sons, William Francis and Dennis Elora. Mr. and Mrs. Erwin are both members of the church, and though far away from God's house and not permitted to meet much with his people, still they maintain the form of godliness, and their daily walk proves them to be true and faithful to Christ's cause. Mr. Erwin is a Ke- piiblican in politics, and was in the Kansas war. While there he was judge of the election held for the admission of that State. During his res- idence in Illinois he served the people of Keiths- burg as postmaster for a term of three years. Samuel Erwin is still living, at the advanced age of eigiity-six years, with his only surviving daughter, Mrs. Alexander Gettis, of Los Ange- les City. His wife departed this life in 1847. They reared a family of six ciiiklren, only two of whom are living, fAMES B. FREEMAN, manufacturer of mining machines, 604 South Spring street, Los Angeles, is a native of New York Cit}', where he was born January 21, 1849. He at- tended school there, and at the age of seventeen years went to Minnesota and learned the milling business, paying special attention to the process of manufacturing flour by means of the roller system and the middlings purifier. He was interested in a good business when the great panic following the failure of Jay Cooke caused him to fail also. Having two uncles in the West engaged in mining he pursued a course in analytical Tnineralogy, went to the Black Hills, and engaged in mining there, and after- ward in Colorado and California. Discovering, during this time, the necessity of using the dry process when there was no water, he invented what is known as "Freeman's Success Dry Pro- cess;" and the good result of this method is fully demonstrated by the large business he has built up and the constantly increasing demand for his machinery. His factory, located on Spring street, is 36x85 feet in dimensions. He is now perfecting a "concentrator,"' for working all kinds of low-grade ore which cannot be treated by water, and has already received or- ders from mining regions in this State, Nevada, Utah, Idaho and Montana. fPJ EMBODY, Cashier iyi the East Side Bank, is one' of the bright young business men of Los Angeles, with a future of rich promise. He was born in Eau Claire, Wiscon- sin, in 1861, and is the second child of a family of three sons and four daughters. After attend- ing the schools of his native town he continued his education in Cazenovia Seminary, New York, and Iowa State Agricultu ral Col lege, where he took a special course with a view to qualifying him- self for practical business life, and supplemented this with a course in the Minnesota State Uni- versity, finishing in 1883. Having previously spent the years 1873 to 1876 in San Francisco, Mr. Embody had become enamored with the charms of the Golden State, and soon after leav- ing college started for the Pacific Coast, arriv- ing ill Los Angeles, September 22, 1883. From childhood his ideal and ambition was to become a business man; and from early youth he took charge of the family expenses and transacted the banking and other business connected therewith. With a view to realizing his ideal, he, with others, organized the East Side Bank in the fall of 1886, and in November of that year its doors were opened for business with Mr. Embody as cashier, which office he still ably fills. But pre- vious to entering upon the duties of that respon- sible position he spent several months in the Los Angeles National Bank to familiarize him- self with the practical details of banking. Mr. Embody has traveled quite extensively, visiting HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. and sojoiiriiitig for longer or shorter periods in man}' of the States of the Union. He is a thorough business man both by intuition and training, and an affable social gentleman withal. His father, O. Embody, is a resident of Los Angeles, a retired business man, with a com- petence. Noyes S. Embody, the eldest son of the family, is a graduate of law, and expects to devote himself to the legal profession. He is a man of literary tastes, and is a ineniher of the city board of education. '^■^^-^ §ON. W. F. FITZGERALD was born at Jackson, Mississippi, on the 7th day of February, 1846. At an early age he was sent to a private school, where he remained until the fall of 1858, when he entered St. Mary's College, Kentucky. On the 27th day of March, 1861, he enlisted in the Confederate army, served with marked distinction during the war, and was several times promoted for conspicuous gallantry on the field of battle. The Vicksburg Daily Herald, one of the lead- ing Democratic journals of the South, in its issue of April 24, 1882, published an article on the war, in which he is referred to as the " Dashing Du Gueslin of our Mississippi sol- diery." And again in the same paper, in a similar article on one of the battles of the war, appears the following: '> It was under the eye of the gallant Bob Smith, that Fitzgerald, then a beardless stripling of seventeen, charged with his gallant company, the Mississippi Rifles of Jackson, the impregnable Federal works, held by a large body of troops, strongly intrenclied with heavy siege guns, behind quadrilateral earthworks, and fell, sword in hand, pierced through the lungs, at the foot of the murderous parapet. He alone of his entire command suc- ceeded in reaching the works. For his gal- lantry and reckless daring, young Fitzgerald was promoted to a First Lieutenancy on that bloody field of battle." At the close of the war he commenced the study of the law, and on the 18th day of February, 1868, was admitted tc practice in all the courts of the State of Missis- sippi. He was twice elected city attorney of his native city, and afterward served for seven years as district attorney of the Vicksburg and Jackson judicial district, the most important in the State. In July, 1881, he Was unanimously nominated by the Republican, Greenback and Lidependent Democratic State conventions for Attorney-General, and although running more than 5,000 votes ahead of his ticket, was de- feated. On January 6, 1882, he received the caucus nomination of the Republican, Green- l)ack and Independent Democratic members of the Mississippi Legislature, numbering about fifty in all, for United States Senator, in oppo- sition to the Hon. L. Q. C. Lamar, in relation to which the Vicksburg Gommerolal (Demo- cratic) of January 7, 1882, has the followincr; "At a caucus of the Republican members of the State Legislature, held in Jackson at 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon. General W. F. Fitzgerald, of Vicksburg, was unanimously nominated for United States Senator. The General was waited upon by a committee, who escorted him to the hall, where in his usual gifted and happy man- ner he accepted the compliment bestowed upon him. Last night a reception was held at Law- rence's Hotel, which was attended by a very large number of members of both Houses, in- eluding Republicans, Democrats, Independents, Greenbackers and citizens. Addresses were de- livered by Senators Cooper, Jeffords, Gayles, Speare , Representatives Edwards, G ibson, Coates, Lynch, Lewis and Cartwright, and many others. The Jackson Cornet Band discoursed sweet music during the reception. Although the Democrats are in the majority, and will un- doubtedly elect Senator Lamar as his own suc- cessor, the nomination of General Fitzgerald shows in what high esteem he is held by his party, of which he is the acknowledged leader in Mississippi." While attending the National Mississippi River Improvement Convention at Washington, in the month of February, 1883, as one of the two delegates selected by the Cot- HISTOHY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ton Exchange and Chamber of Commerce of the city of Vicksbiirg, President Arthur nominated him for Supreme Judge of Arizona, and on the 11th day of March following his nomination was promptly and iinitniinously confirmed by the Senate of tlie United Slates. He at once resigned the office of district attorney, to which lie liad just been re-elected for another four years' term, and after settling up his business affairs, proceeded with his family to his new field of labor. His judicial career there was such as to command tlie universal conlidence and esteem of the bar and people, and is de- scribed by one of the leading attorneys of that bar as an "oasis in the history of the judiciary in that Territory." His retirement from the bench shortly after the accession of the Demo- cratic party to power in the general Government was made the occasion by the bar and people of one of the most memorable gatherings that ever occurred in the history of Arizona, and many were the eloquent and touching speeches there made by distinguished lawyers, expressive of their deep regret at the loss of a judge who was honored and esteemed as no judge had ever been before in that Territory, His ability, courage and integrity are to-day approvingly referred to and commented on with as much interest and feeling as they were when residing among tliein five years ago. A leading Arizona attorney re- cently remarked to the writer of this sketch that "Judge Fitzgerald was a judge of marked abil- ity, and the most impartial and fearless that I ever knew." From Arizona he removed to the city of Los Angeles, California, where he has since resided, and is to-day one oi' the most prominent and highly respected citizens and attorneys of that city. He is chairman of the board of directors of the Chamber of Commerce; executive member of the Republican State Cen- tral Committee for Southern California; one of the original projectors and a director in the Cal- ifornia Sewer-Pipe Company, one of the largest manufacturing industries in Southern California, and was in July last unanimously elected by the nepublican County Convention as its president. The Judge's family consists of his beautiful, accomplished and devoted wife, daughter of the late Dr. C. S. Knapp, of Jackson, Mississippi, and niece of the late Daniel S. Dickinson, who was for twelve years United States Senator from the State of New York, and Helen, a beautiful little daughter, about nine years of age. --^^ ■^l< ^•^ fE. FRICK, of the lirm of Frick Brothers, contractors and manufacturers of cement ® pipe, was born in Rock Island, Hlinois, February 25, 1857. His parents removed to Minnesota during his early boyhood and he was reared and received his education in that State. Upon reaching manhood he engaged in teach- ing. He came to Los Angeles in 1882 to visit his brother, who was engaged in business here, and was so favorably impressed with the place and the climate that, after going East and re- maining for a year or two, he returned to Los Angeles and engaged in business here, becoming associated with his brother in contracting, manu- facturing and laying cement pipe. Their works in East Los Angeles cover an acre of ground and they employ a large force of men the year round. By their energy, ability and experience they have built up a splendid business. The measure of success they have attained is attested by their investment in well located real estate. Mr. Frick was united in marriage March 4, 1879, to Miss Mattie Hamilton, a native of Iowa. She died March 2, 1885, leaving three children: Harry, Honjer and Florence Elmer. A. FRICK, of the hrm of Frick Broth- ers, contractors and manufacturers of ce- * ment pipe, Los Angeles, was born at Rock Island, Illinois, October 7, 1855. When he was thirteenyearsof age, his parents removed to Min- nesota, where he attended the common schools. After reaching manhood he came to California and located at Los Angeles. He entered the employ HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. of N. W. Stowell, and for some years was snper- iotendent of liis pipe works. He was associated for a time with E. M. Hamilton. In 1885 the firm of Frick Brotliers was organized. Their yard and works are located on Water street, East Los Angeles, and is the largest of its kind on the Pacific Coast, giving employment to fifty hands on an average the year ronnd. They make a specialty of cement, water and sewer pipe, which they manufacture in all sizes from six to thirty inches in diameter. They import all of their cement and own the sand-bed which they use. They have built up a large business in Los Angeles and throughout this and the adjoining counties. Mr. Frick has had a large experience in the manufacture of artificial stone and cement pipe. All of their contracts receive his personal super- vision, and he enjoys a high reputation in busi- ness circles for integrity and ability. '•■ S -3.- fS" fll. CtWIN is one of the pioneers of the Golden State, and is now in the livery ® business in Whittier. He hails from the Buckeye State; was born in Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, November 18, 1838. His father, Enos M. Gwin, was a carpenter, and helped to build Kenyon College, located at Gam- bier. He had nine children, all living yet, ex- cept one daughter. He came to California in 1853 and mined at Forest City for six years, after which he moved to Napa County. The subject of this sketch worked at mining and in the livery business for several years at Forest City, and in 1858 went to Napa. He was also for a time engaged in freighting at Virginia City. In 1869 he came to Los Angeles County, and for several years was extensively engaged as a farmer near Anaheim. At one time he had control of about 2,500 acres. Here he continued ten years, and tlien went to Lake County, re- maining nine years, five of which he spent in teaming. At the expiration of that time he came to Whittier and established the livery business. Mr. Gwin is one of c)ur true' pioneers. and is full of push and energy, always in a good humor and has a pleasant word for every one. Mr. Gwin was married in Napa County, Cali- fornia, in 1868, to Miss Drusilla Evey, daughter of Judge Edward Evey, well known in Napa County. He represented Napa and Lake coun- ties before they were divided. Judge Evey now lives in Pasadena. He was supervisor of this county, and was one of the framars of the new constitution of California. -^^%* m^. fG. EMERY, one of the worthy citizens of Los Angeles County and a stanch farmer, " residing on a part of the Wilmington tract of the Cerritus Ranch, has been a resident of this county since 1874. Since coming liere he has improved two farms besides the one on which he now lives. This gentleman is a native of Maine, born in July, 1824. Both his father and grandfather were taken prisoners in the war of 1812. Mr. Emery has made several trips across the continent at various times. He first came to California in 1850, coming by the way of Cape Horn. On this journey he paid a visit to the South American continent. From Cali- fornia he wetit to Oregon, and from there back to Maine. His next trip was to Wisconsin, from that place moving to Minnesota, where his three oldest children were born. After a sojourn of four years in that State, he again took up the line of march, this time having for his objective point Pikes Peak. For four years he made his home there, after which he returned locating on a farm which he purchased near Peoria, Illinois. However, not being satisfied there, he removed to Kansas, and from the "Sunflower State" went to Missouri. In the latter State he farmed for several years, after which he came to San Francisco, in which city he remained about a year. He then removed to Los Angeles County, where he has been very successful and where he expects to spend the residue of his days. Mr. Emery has been twice married; first, in 1855, to Aurilla Dodge, by HISrOHY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. whom he had three children: Arliiia, Evelyiie and Frank. His first companion departed this life in 1863, and in 1873 he married Mrs. Sarah Williams, by whom he has four children: Will- iam, Mabel, Nahnm and Sadia. Politically Mr. Emery is identified with the liepnblican party. He is a man hiijjhly esteemed by all wlio know him, and one of whom the county may well be proud. '^-^^^ -7- 1^,ICI1AHI) GAUVEY.— The subject of this iff^ sketch, one of Los Angeles County's lead- ^Cl ing agriculturists and stock-growers, as well as one of its well-known business men, dates his birth in Ireland, in September, 1838, of an old Irish family, which, for generations, had been engaged as renters in agricultural pursuits. When quite young, his father died, leaving his mother with a family of children, of whom Richard was the foui'th child. The almost total failure of cy-ops in 1845 and 1846 was fol- lowed by the Irish famine, and for years the people suttered from destitution in a degree never before known to any civilized people. The Garvey family were reduced to extreme poverty, and after becoming unable to pay rent were driven from their old home, by the heart- less agents of an English landlord. The years that followed, before they were able to leave Ireland, none of the family care to recall. Suf- fice it to say, that emigration to America seemed their only relief. With this object in view, through the exertions of all, the subject of this sketch, not then twelve years of age, was en- abled to embark for Savannah, Georgia, where he landed in the winter of 1849-'50, penniless and ragged. Before leaving the ship a kind- hearted custom-house official, a Jew, named Philip Russell, became interested in him. By him young Garvey was taken home and suitably clothed, and later, through him, furnished em- ployment. His remuneration was only $3 per week, but this sum enabled him to save a small amount each week, with the ultimate object of sending for the rest of his family. Early in 1852 his hope was realized and the family em- barked for New YorTv City, where they were joined by him. Again was the circle complete. Still, as far as money was concerned, they were as poor as while in Ireland; but, in this land of the free, with its grand opportunities, they were hopeful of the future. Not many months passed before all were in Cleveland, Ohio. There the family home was established, and there some of its members still live. Mr. Garvey has never forgotten the sufi'erings of himself and family during his youth, through the operations of the English laud laws. In fact, his hatred of the system becomes intensified with each passing year. While he never joined an}' of the many societies, claiming to labor for the relief of Ire- land, he has always contributed liberally in money and has cherished fondly the hope that some international difficulty might lead to a war between England and our country, and thus open a way for him honorably and legally to avenge the wrongs he and his have suffered. To return to the fortunes of the family in Amer- ica, we will say that, as our subject had been their chief reliance in getting to America, he was afterwai'd their chief support. He remained with them in Cleveland until his twentieth year, when, having reached man's stature, physically and mentally, he resolved to work his way to the Pacific Coast. With that object in view, he proceeded to Fort Leavenworth, where, in 1857 -'58, General Johnson's expedition against the Mormons was being organized. Under Lieu- tenant W. S. Hancock, Quartermaster of the Sixth United States Infantry, he hired to drive beef-cattle for the use ot* the army. At Fort Laramie he was placed in charge of one of the officers' supply wagons. Upon reaching Fort Bridger it was discovered that, tliough his wagon looked all right, — its boxes of canned fruits and meats, its cases of fluids, etc., being apparently unopened and untouched — every box was actu- ally euipty. Mr. Qarvey, entirely innocent of wrong doing, had at different times accepted in- vitations from young men of reckless nature, / niSTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. looking only to having a good time, to join thetn in hunting and fishing after encamping. During tliese short abssnces, others, by concerted action, had robbed his wagon. Altiiough it was evi- dent to General Jolinson and other oflicers that he was entirely innocent of any complicity in the taking of the supplies, he was discliarged from service. Mr. Garvey walked from Fort Bridger to Salt Lake City, and there bought with the money earned as drover and teamster, a pony, blankets and provisions, and continued his way to Southern California, with others pos- sessed of similar outfits. On the desert the ponies died. When they were able to pack their effects on the wagon of an emigrant, the journey was completed to San Bernardino County on foot. Mr. Garvey continued his M'alk to Los Angeles, reaching that place early in 1859. Again he was to try life in a new land, and he found himself in about the same financial con- dition that he was in when he landed in Sa- vannah nine years before. His relief came also in much the same way, for, a few hours after arriving, he met on the streets the chief clerk of Captain Hancock, Mr. Mix, who had known him on the plains in Johnson's command. He was recognized by him, furnished with a new suit of clothes and a boarding-house, and later taken to the office of Hancock, then a Captain of the Sixth Regiment and general distributing Quartermaster for the posts in Southern Cali- fornia and Western New Mexico (now Arizona), and stationed at Los Angeles. Captain Han- cock placed him in a responsible position, giving him charge of the Government store-honse, where supplies were received and shipped to Forts Mojava, Yuma, Tejon and other points. If any were needed, no more complete vindica- tion of himself could have" been given by Cap- tain Hancock, to whom, as we shall record, Mr. Garvey was to be still further indebted. The friendship of these two men continued through General Hancock's life. In 1860, through Cap- tain Hancock, he was employed l)y the United States Government to carry, by pack-mules, tlie mails from Los Angeles to Forts Mojave, Yuma and Tejon. Tliis service was attended by great danger and retjuired a man possessed of nerve and coolness. As showing the rapid develop- ment of Southern California Mr. Garvey recalls the fact that, by the route he traveled, but two houses were passed between the vicinity of Los Angeles and Fort Mojave, a distance of 310 miles. The other routes were even more desti- tute of evidences of civilization. It must be rememliered that he chose his own routes, not confining himself to emigrant trails. The ad- venturous life led by Mr. Garvey, the few years following, enabled him to form the acijuaintance of many men engaged in prospecting and locat- ing mines. He was not long in becoming in- terested in mining; first in Western Utah (now Nevada), later in San Deruardino County, this State, and still later in Arizona and New Mex- ico. For many years after leaving the employ of the United States Government, his leading business was the superintendence of mining in- terests, owned by himself and others. But until 1863 Mr. Garvey gave a large portion of his time to attending to his lucrative and responsi- ble business of supplying the out- posts with the tidings from civilization. He had become the j)rotege of George Hearst, now representing California in the United States Senate, and through him became interested in the develojj- nient of the Moss mines as well as other mines in what is now Mojave County, Arizona. Mr. Garvey was one of the locaters of the Moss mine^^. During his superintendence of the work on one section of the Moss mines he, with four companions, started with a wagon-load of sup- plies for the use of a party of prospectors in the employ of the company, in what was called the Sacramento district, on the Colorado Iliver, some forty miles away. Though vigilant, well knowing the danger of an attack by Indians, the last night, being in sight of the prospecting cam]), they neglected to mount guard. In the gra}' of the morning they found themselves sub- ject to a furious attack from about fifty murder- ous savages. Almost at the beginning Mr. Garvey received a slight wound, crossing the Itlsi'Dltr Oh' l.os AMt/h'l.h's COVN'I'Y. |>uinl .>!' I.nlh ..linuMrr MnJn., mihI ;i rriihliiiiM; mir.lino ("oiiiilv, this Stal,\ tli.'r.' owniiii^ ami nli.il uhi.'li, .lii^iiLliii... .'xri'v liiifvr, l.iiri.Ml i IT ,i|M'rafin;4- 11. .liiiu'l/. miH ii"lil ^X'i'.'^, nl wlii.'h ill lli» Irl'l lilill.l. . Mm. Ill I'lu' hUliir liiiir <.iir nf linu. h.. H.ihl liiH mill ami niin.'s for jf^^OIMKU) t.> liln .'<.iii|iiiiii.>iih wiiM .'.tni.'K l.v n AuA lliiil .'ii an ImioIIhIi (•(mi|mii_y. Mr. (iai'\'cv .•.ml iiiiUHl lilrly .lrrll,.W'uii.I.m|,m.Ii,.I piiM.in.., 1 lir..iif.;li miiiino; |M',.|i.'i'l_y, In IS'VC, all.'r lli.- failiir.' of Imh lli|)M. i'..|ii|il.'l.'lv .li;.al'lill;.', Ililll Mll.l lllllKill!.'' Ih.' 'r.'iiii.l.'.V W.ukni.'in Itankiii;.; 11, Mis. 'at 1 ,os Iiiiii II .Mi|.|il.' lor III'.'. 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'\- I'f any .'..nsi.l.'ralilo sir,', -Is wiili Ninth sli-,-,'l, which, in LSS'.I, lio aim lint tliiit lu> lii(,l ov.M' ow lu'.l, an.l, I'.m' a y.niiiif c.Mmm'iu'i'.l l.« iiiipr,>vi- pr,'paral.>rv l,> ihc ^'vk'i- man, was .','rlaiiilv a ;.,,.,i.l •• iiliim," In lS(i(i \M\\ ,.| a liiu' hri.'k lih-.k. Mr. C.-irvx w,-.hl,',l. Mr. (iarv.'v, as w.'ll as all -u' ii.'arlv .'ill miii.T.'^. .laiiu.'iry l:!, ISSj, Mi.K., 'C'ssa 1'.. M,.,Mu-y, .-f Iia.l lo al.aV..I.Mi .\ri.'.,Mia ,mi a.-.'.Minl ..f liLlian (M.-v.-lan.l, Ohio. Siu-.li.-.l 1 ).',-.'iiilH-r 1 S, I's.Sf). Mlro.Mli.'s, llo i-.valls lli,. favl llial ov.'r 1 .".0 o{ loa\iny; to him a hrioht, suniiv lillU- bov, Kicli liisfrioinU ami ui'.iimintini.'os luv.i I'all.'n vi.'iim,.^ ar.l. who was l).M-n in N.iv.-inlior, l.SS,"). Of Mr. 1,1 l.lio 8iivuj{oo, liHt.or, Mr, (hirvoy Ix'.'iim.' iho (^arvi»\''« brollicrs and sLstors wo rooonl thai lii.s .iwn.M' ,'f min.'i in ll..|,-vllu-r. lu-v. Kallu-r l'.- V*^N^ .\' ii ^1 ): ■■jl |Sr ^^ : **"ri< 1 t U I STORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. lie clergyman of Galveston, Texas, diocese; and that John Garvey, a Lieiitenant'in the Seventh West Virginia Volunteer Regiment in the late war, was promoted on the Held of Antietam for conspicuous gallantry, and died of wounds re- ceived tliere. John Garvey served ten years in theTwenty-nintli Infantry in the. English army. For conspicuous gallantry in the defense of Lucknow during the Sepoy Rebellion he re- ceived the Queen's Sergeant's medal. lie came to the United States in 1861 and entered the army soon after. Mr. Garvey's two sisters, Maria and Delia, reside at Cleveland, where their mother died in 1873; After the death of Mr. Garvey's wife, her mother, Mrs. Mary E. Mooiiey, with her daughter, Miss Mar}' E. Mooney, came out from Cleveland, and now have care of the child. In politics Mr. Garvey, while never uninterested, acts thoroughly the independent citizen, not tied to any party, but always ready for independent action upon every issue. He was a strong supporter of Abraham Lincoln and General Grant. In conclusion, we will add that Mr. Garvey is, in the fullest sense of the words, a self-made, self-educated man, who, coming a poor boy from the old world, has splendidly illustrated the possibilities of the new, to those possessed of energy, combined with ])ractical business qualifications and a de- termination to succeed. ;YMAN, GRUENDYKE & CO., manu- facturers of lime, corner of Second and Vine streets, Los Angeles, began manu- facturing lime June 1, 1887, at Oro Grande, San Bernardino County, forty miles from San Bernardino. The company have large kilns, with a manufacturing capacity of 350 barrels per day. The lime is of a very superior quality, and they have never had a complaint of its pit- ting or scaling. In 1888 they shipped from Oro Grande 56,000 barrels. Tli 13 company are the sole owners of the lime works there, and are increasing the capacity of the same. Tliey also own a controlling interest in the San Jacinto Lime Company at San Jacinto, and will increase the capacity of manufacturing there. They sup- ply the dealers here in the trade, and make extensive shipments to the dealers in Southern California and Arizona. Mr. Wyman, the head of the firm of Wyman, Gruendyke & Co., was born in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, May 3, 1839. He attended school there, and at the age of seventeen went to Toledo. Upon the break- ing out of the war he enlisted, in May, 1861, in the Fonrteenth Regiment Volunteer Infantry, and participated with his command in every skirmish and battle, and was absent from his company only on one half-day's march, from Nashville to Franklin. _ He was in command of his company in General Sherman's march to the sea. After serving four years, he was mustered out in 1865. Returning to Toledo, he engaged in tiie lime business, and for twenty-two years has been one of the largest manufacturers of lime in the State of Ohio, where his works are located, shipping more lime than any individual company in the State. Mr. Wyman is a promi- nent member of the G. A. R. ; is treasurer of the Fourteenth Ohio Regiment Society, and has been present at every reunion of his regiment. In 1888 he went from this State to Ohio to attend the reunion. In 1875 Mr. Wyman mar- ried Miss Emma Bailey, of Circleville, Ohio. They have three children: Elliott B., Edna F. and Julia A. fHARLES GERSON, capitalist, 24 Wil- mington street, Los Angeles, is a native of Germany, and was born on the River Rhine, at Worms, February 14, 1827. When eighteen years of age he emigrated to America and went to New Orleans. He enlisted and served in the Mexican war, and after peace was declared he went to the city of Mexico and re- mained there two years. He then came to Cal- ifornia, engaged in business and lived here several years. March 4, 1855, he married Miss Caroli?ia HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. Strauss, a native of the city of Bomberg, Ger- many. Soon after they wore married they went to San Diego and engaged in mercantile business for several years, until the war. Then he went to Arizona and engaged in business at Fort Yuma, remaining in Arizona seven years. In 1870 he sold out his business there and came to Los Angeles, having removed his family here two years previous. He was engaged in business in this place several years; opened the La Fayette Hotel and conducted it until 1881. xifter again engaging in trade for several years, he retired, from active business life. He is a prominent member of the order of Chosen Friends, Guar- dean Council, No. 90. He has been appointed several times as representative to the Grand Council at San Francisco,' and was recently ap- ])ointed Deputy Grand Councilor for this dis- trict. Mr. and Mrs. Gerson have five children, three sons and two daughters: Herman and Samuel, engaged in plumbing business in Los Angeles; Edward, a jeweler of Pomona; Bertha, now Mrs. Frankel, also of Pomona, and Fanny. *< r^ " ^^^'''^' fOHN C. GOLDSWORTHY, surveyor, was born in Wisconsin in 1840, his parents being John and Ursula (Edwards) Golds- wortliy. His father was a mining engineer of high reputation and Mr. Goldsworthy came to California in 1857, and spent four years in the mines, being familiarly known as " the kid," on account of his age. He won the con- tidence of liis uneducated associates and was very useful to them in writing their letters, as they felt safer in intrusting the knowl- edge of their private affairs to him than to an older person. He studied in the Univer- sity of the Pacific at San Jose from 1861 to 1861, and graduated as civil engineer from that institution, being as far as known the first graduate of the institution in that line. He then placed himself for two years longer under tlie tuition of Sherman Day, a noted mining engineer of that city and afterward surveyor- general of the United States. In 1866 lie moved to Virginia Cit-y and there began his career as surveyor. He made a complete topographical map of the whole of that mining region, remain- ing there about one year. Spending the inter- vening time as mining engineer in San Francisco he came to Los Angeles in March, 1808, and has been a resident here ever since, chiefly occupied as surveyor. Lie has occasionally done some assaying and other special work. Any one who has been a practical mining engineer never entirely loses his interest in tiiat branch of his profession. The office of city surveyor of Los Angeles was erected at his suggestion in 1870, and he was elected its first incumbent. In 1867 Mr. Goldsworthy was married to Miss J. H. Bullis, who had been virtually a schoolmate of his college days, she being an attendant at a seminary for young ladies at San Jose while he attended the lectures at the University. They are the parents of seven children, four girls and three boys. The oldest boy, George L., is nine- teen, and proposes, after graduating at a public school this year, to enter the University of Southern California. In politics Mr. Golds- worthy is a Kepublicau, and in religious affilia- tion a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The unprecedented and rapid growth of this city, and his long and intimate acquaintance with its topography as a surveyor, has occasioned a great and satisfactory expansion in his pro- fessional labors. fHARLES GASSEN", wholesale and retail dealer in fresh and salted meats, corner of Spring and Third streets, is a native of Germany, and was liorn February 11, 1837. He was reared in his native country, and in 1851 emigrated to America. After living in New York, he determined to come to California; landed in San Francisco in 1858, and engaged in the butchering business in Sacramento until 1863. In that year he removed to Austin City Nevada; remained there until 1868, and then HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. came to Southern California. He located in San Diego and was engaged in business there until 1874, when he came to Los Angeles, and, as a member of the firm of Pico ifeGassen, con- ducted a wholesale meat business, this copart- nership continuing for one year. In the fall of 1877 Mr. Gassen established his present busi- ness, having his slaughter houses at Arroya Seco, and doing his slaughtering there until 1882. He then built a slaughter house up the river on his ranch, where he has since done all his slanghteriiig for his wholesale and retail trade, giving his large and comTuodious market on the corner of Spring and Third streets a selection of clioice meats for his retail trade. He owns a large ranch of 700 acres for grazing his stock. Mr. Gassen has had an eminently successful business career. When he landed in New Tork he had only one dollar in the world, and his success in life is owing to his own efforts, ability and good management. He was elected a member of the city council and held that office three years. In 1867 he married Miss Jennie Scott, a native of Ireland. They have four children: Amelia, Annie, Charles and Jennie. fUlLN GRANT, of the firm of Smith & Grant, contractors. Los Angeles, was born in Scotland, February 8, 1861. He attended school during his boyhood, and served an ap- prenticeship in learning his trade there. He came to America in 1880, went to Chicago and began working at his trade, and was foreman on some of the largest buildings in that city. He remained there two years and then came to the Pacific Coast, and for several years engaged in building; in 1885 lie came to Los Angeles and associated himself in business with James Smitli, forming the firm of Smith & Grant, and since then they have been engaged in building. They iiave liad the contracts for some of the best build igs th city and in Pasadena. The Enrdick Block, corner of Second and Spring streets, upon which they are now enj one of the most solid, substantial business blocks in the city. In 1887 Mr. Grant was united in marriage with Miss Emma Berke, of Minne- apolis. 1|| J. GOODMAN, architect, Los Angeles, is ?[j|x a native of Indiana, born May 23, 1864. ^^^'^ After obtaining the usual common-school education, he entered the office of John A. Hasecoster, and remained with him ten years, learning and practicing his profession. The first three years he worked without any compensation whatever, even supplying himself witli all the necessary instruments. While in that office he designed plans for some of the finest buildings in the country. He came to Los Angeles in 1885, since which time he has been busy in his chosen profession, building up a good reputation by his manner of "building up" the city. fHARLES GOLLMER, of the firm of Bauer & Golimer, agents of the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association, is a native of Ger- many, and was born May 10, 1851. He attended school and served an apprenticeship to the trade of carriage and sign painting, in his native country. He emigrated" to America in 1867 and came to the Pacific Coast the same year; spent one year in San Francisco, then came to Los Angeles, and, after working at his trade a short time, started a sliop of his own and carried on tiie business here for fifteen years. In 1884 lie became associated with Mr. Jiauer in their present business and since that time tlie firm of Bauer & Golimer has been one of the most enterprising firms in their line in Southern Cali- fornia. Their warehouse, ice-house and bottling works are located on Alameda and Jackson streets, fronting on tiie railroad, and are tlioroughly equipped with machinery of tiie latest improvement for the manufacture and bottling HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. of the Anheuser-Busch beer. Tliey Are sole agents for Southern California, and supply a large portion of the trade in this city, and they also have a large shipping trade. Mr. Golhiier has been successfully engaged in business in Los Angeles over twenty years, and is well known as a generous, public-spirited citizen, actively identified with the progress and development of the city. In 1873 he married Miss Alice Grabe, a native of Canajoharie, New York. They have three children: Carl, Robert and Minnie. fHOMAS ANDREW GAREY was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 7, 1830 His an- cestors were German. Young Garey was reared in Hagerstown, Maryland, but moved to Iowa in 1847. He started for California in 1850, stopping about a year in New Mexico and six months at Tubac, Arizona, arriving at San Diego in 1852. At Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 27, 1850, Mr. Garey was united in marriage with Louisa J. Smith, a native of Massachusetts. Soon after their arrival in San Diego, they came to Los Angeles County, tirst settling at El Monte. Afterward, in 1865, Mr. Garey bought land on San Pedro street, Los An- geles, and engaged extensively in the citrus nursery business, and in this enterprise he has ever since continued. The demand for young orange, lemon and lime trees at one period was enormous, and as Mr. Garey was a very enter- prising and energetic man he did what he could to meet this demand. His sales of fruit trees, mostly citrus, one year were about $75,000, and during a period of three years they were $175,000. He sent abroad for the best vari- eties, and it was he who introduced and named the Mediterranean Sweet orange, the Paper- rine St. Michael, and also the Eureka lemon. Mr. Garey is acting president of the Los An- geles County Pomological Society; was_ over- seer of the State Grange one term, and of the Council of the District, composed of sixteen subordinate granges, and Master of Los An- geles Grange. In connection with others, he helped to found both the towns of Pomona and Artesia, in Los Angeles Count}', and the new town of Garey in Santa Barbara County. Lat- terly he has been engaged in the nursery busi- ness in Santa Barbara County, at Garey, Santa Maria Yalley. Mr. Garey has been one of Los Angeles County's most useful citizens. He cer- tainly has done his part toward developing its material resources. Of their eight children, four are still living and are in Los Angeles County. They are A. T., W. E., Margaret A. and Albert H. A. T. Garey, the oldest, was born on tlie Puente Ranch, this county, July 14, 1854. He received his education in Los Angeles, and is a nurseryman by occupation. He married May 10, 1876, Miss Belle, daughter of David and Susan (Thompson) Lewis. They have three children living. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis were among the pioneers of Los Angeles County and lived at El Monte, where they en- gaged extensively in the cultivation of hops, for thirty years. Mr. and Mrs. Garey reside in East Los Angeles. W. E. Garey, the second oldest of the family, a nurseryman Ijy profession, was born in San Bernardino County, March 21. 1856. He was married in Santa Monica, in 1884, to Miss Laura E. Carpenter, daughter of Stephen F. Carpenter. She is a native of Minnesota, born May 10, 1864. They have one child. Margaret A. was born in Los Angeles, January 7, 1864. She was married December 13, 1882, to Daniel J. Carr, Grand Secretary of the Grand Division of the Brotherhood of Railway Con- ductors. They have one child, Garey Carr. Albert H. is in his fourteenth year, the only child now at home with his parents. — ^€(ii"ii)^'^^^ — fACOB F. GERKENS, capitalist, 9 Sotello street, Los Angeles, was born in Holstein, Germany, January 12, 1842. His parents emigrated to America during his early child- hood and settled in Erie County, New York, near Buffalo. When only sixteen years of age -^^^.^^^ ^i-^ HISTORY Ot LOS ANGELES COUNTY. the subject of this sketch started with ox teams across the plains for California. He came direct to Los Angeles and for several years was en- gaged in teaming and freighting here. He next went to Ynma and ran a ferry one 3'ear, and again engaged in freighting and carried on the business until 1865. At that time he was em- ployed by Robert Burnett as foreman on his ranch, continuing as such for two years. During this time, January 9, 1867, he was united in marriage to Miss Isadora Carabajal, a native of Los Angeles. From that time until 1871 he was successfully engaged in sheep-raising. His next venture was in the grocery business, on San Fernando street, at the junction of Downey avenue. He had been twice elected a member of the city council, and in 1877 sold out his store, having accepted the appointment of chief of police of Los Angeles. He held that office one year and was also assistant chief of police two years. For six years he held an office un- der the city government. Mr. Gerkens never went to school in his life, but as a result of his self-education he can speak and write three dif- ferent languages. Mr. and Mrs. Gerkens have had three children, two of whom survive: Charles F. and Margurette. The death of their daughter Annie occurred May 29, 1889. #^-^-5^^ — : — tON. HENRY T. HAZARD, tlie present Mayor (1889) of Los Angeles, is a native of Illinois. In 1854, at the age of eight years, he left Evanston, witli his parents, over- land for California, arriving in this city late in the summer of that year. Mr. Hazard gradu- ated at the Law School, of Ann Arbor, Michigan, at an early age, when he returned to Los Angeles and entered on tlie practice of law, which he lias continued ever since. He has tilled several posi- tions of importance during this time, including those of city attorney, member of tlie State Legislature, mayor, etc. His public spirit has been evinced in many ways, but particularly in the erection of an imtnense pavilion bearing his name) on the corner of Fifth and Olive streets. In 1874 Mr. Hazard married, at San Gabriel, the third daughter of Dr. William Geller. They have no children. Mr. A. M. Hazard, the father of the subject of this sketch, who was long a resident of Los Angeles, died some years ago. Mr. Haz- ard has several brothers and one sister, who reside in this city. fEORGE C. HOPKINS.— Among the nu- merous classes of business which character- ize Los Angeles as the commercial me- tropolis of Southern California, the storage and warehouse business is an important one. The largest and finest institution in this line in this city and one of the largest on the Pacific Coast is the California Warehouse, situated on East Seventh street. The California Warehouse Com- pany was incorporated in June, 1888, with a capital stock of $50,000, and the building was erected and opened for business in October follow- ing. The warehouse is a very large brick struct- ure 153 X 301 feet in dimensions, two stories in height, and contains 60,000 square feet of floor space. Being covered with iron roofing and floored with bituminous rock, it is both fire and rat proof, and is finished and furnished with the best improved machinery and appliances for handling freight, packing wool, etc., by the use of which thirty cars of freight can be handled or 50,000 pounds of wool can be l)ailed per day. The warehouse has a special railroad track con- necting it with the Southern Pacific system; and freight can be unloaded and loaded from wagons on eitlier side or from the driveway through the center of the building. The company owns an entire block of ground, wliich is encompassed by a sixty-foot street. The California Warehouse Comjiany is composed of a number of the lead- ing business men and heaviest capitalists of the city, representing four to five millions of dollars. The officers are: T. J. Weldon, President and Treasurer, and George C. Hopkins, Vice-Presi- dent and Secretary. The company handles and HISTORY OF LOS AJ^GELES COUNTY. stores every class of goods except explosive and inflammable articles, such as oils and paints. They handle and bale 200,000 pounds of wool annually, and during tlie busy season have $100,000 in value of goods in store in the house at one time. The business gives employment to from fifteen to forty men. Mr. Hopkins, the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, and the active manager of the warehouse business, is a man of large experience in this branch, having been in the employ of the American Ex- press Compan}' in Chicago ten years, and in the freight department of the Southern Pacific Rail- road Company about eight years, before organ- izing the California Warehouse Company, in which he was one of the prime movers. He came to California in 1872, and engaged in wool- growing in Oregon four years, at the end of which time he removed to Los Angeles. He was born near Aurora, Illinois, in 1846; went to Chicago in 1852, wiien it was a mere country town, saw it grow to a great commercial metropo- lis, and witnessed its destruction by the most terrible conflagration in the world's iiistory, on October 9 and 10, 1871. He is greatly in love with Los Angeles and Southern California, and thinks this is the garden spot of the world. Mr. Hopkins's consort was Miss Spencer, daughter of Judge James A. Spencer, one of the original projectors of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Kailroad, and was one of the builders of the Kansas City & Topeka division. Mr. and Mrs. Hopkins have two children, a son and daughter. fDWIN WALKER HOUGHTON, archi- tect, Pasadena, was born in Hartley Row, England, in 1856. His father was a busi- ness man, farmer and builder. After attending school nntil eighteen years of age, he associated himself with his brother at Elongate Hill, Lon- don, where he learned the art of architecture. Studying this six years, he, in company with his brother, came to America. Two years sub- sequently he returned to England, and October 13, 1884, married Miss Margaret H. Crudge, daughter of Mrs. Crudge, of Tiverton, Devon- shire. Soon afterward he came again to Amer- ica and settled in El Paso, Texas, two years, and then came to Pasadena. His office is in the First National Bank Building. He has designed and superintended tlie construction of the fol- lowing residences in Pasadena: James Hewitt's, $3,000; Mrs. Graham's, $5,000; J. G. Rust's, $3,500; T.Jones's, $4,000; Dr. Arthur's, $6,500; Dr. McQuilling's, $6,500; Dr. Schultz's, $2,000; H. H. Rose's, $4,000; A. E. McBride's, $4,000; T. N. Harvey's, $4,000, and Mrs. E.B. Dexter's, $7,500. Mr. Houghton's charges are as follows: Preliminary studies, 1 per cent.; working draw- ings and specifications, 2| per cent.; working drawings and details, 3 ])er cent. ; working draw- ings and superintending, 5 per cent. fOHN F. HOG AN was born near Killar- ney, Ireland, in 1829, and is a son of John and Mary (Flinn) Hogan. They had a family of twelve children, nine boys and three girls, all of whom lived to maturity. Tiie father died when the subject of this sketch was a small boy. At the age of nine years he made the voyage across the Atlantic, and landed in America. He was first an assistant gardener in the city of Philadelphia. Afterward he went into gardening for himself, and was very suc- cessful for a number of years in Rochester, New York, where, on Christmas day, 1857, he and Miss Mary Lowe, also a native of the Emerald Isle, were united in marriage. He subsequently moved to Sandusky, Ohio, where he lived for twenty-five years. At the breaking out of the war he was the first recruit in the One Hundred and Twenty-third Ohio Vol- unteers, and served his country bravely till he was honorably discharged in the city of Washington, in 1865. Soon after the war closed he sold out his interests at Sandusky and moved to Peoria, Illinois, where he established the Spring Hill Park, in the heart of the city. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Tliis park covers an area of twelve acres of land, and is one of the finest in the United States. It has a swimming park 150 feet sqnare and from two and a half to twelve feet deep. The sulphur and mineral water is ob- tained from a well 860 feet deep. There are forty-two bath rooms, and tiie whole was fitted up at a cost of §21,000. Mr. Hoj;Hn sold his interests there in 1880, and went to Quincy, Illinois, where he built another park, known as Hogan Park. This he soon sold, and came to California, locating at the city of Los Angeles. There he was very successful in the real-estate business. About one year ago he retired from active business and bought residence property in Santa Monica. This he has improved and has built a very comfortable residence at the corner of Second street and Nevada avenue, overlooking the sea, where he and the partner of his youth are spending the evening of life, retired from the excitements and requirements of a business life. They have only one child, Mary, now the wife of John Moran, of Los Angeles. Mr. Hogan has been eminently suc- cessful in his calling, and is the principal stock- holder in the Wharf Association, in Santa Monica. They are both members of the Catholic church, and Mr. Hogan is an intelligent and enthusiastic supporter of the principles of the Republican party. tATIlAN H. IIOSMER.— Among the pio- neers of the Sierra Madre Colony, mention must be made of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Hosmer came to Los Angeles County in 1878, and located at Florence, where he engaged in general farming upon rented lands. He also purchased machinery and contracted for baling hay, etc. He continued his operations at that place until 1881, and after a visit East in No- vember of that year he took up Ids residence at Sierra Madre. He early saw the desirability of the Sierra Madre Colony tract for residence pur- poses, and its adaptability to fruit cultivation. He purchased twenty-six acres lying west of Baldwin avenue, between Central and Live Oak avenues. This land was then in its wild state, but Mr. Ilosiner, with the energy so character- istic of himself, began clearing, grading, and planting trees and vines. lie planted 1,600 orange and lemon trees, 400 apricots, and a large variety of other deciduous fruits. In a year he had built up one of the finest orchard properties of the colony. He was one of the first to recognize the demand to be made upon the colony lands for villa lots, and in 1886 sub- divided his tract into sixty-six lots, retaining four acres for his home. His enterprise was a success, and there has been erected upon the lots sold fifteen residences and other buildings. Upon his home place of four acres he has a substantial cottage, commodious barn and out- buildings. He is devoting his attention to the cultivation of a fine variety of citrus and de- ciduous fruits, among which are 114 orange trees. Mr. Hosmer, after visiting and inspect- ing many localities, selected the Sierra Madre Colony as one of the most desirable locations for residence and horticultural pursuits in the San Gabriel Valley, and has never had cause to regret his decision. From the very start he has been one of the most progressive and public- spirited citizens of Sierra Madre, identifying himself with every enterprise that tended to build up and advance the interests of his chosen section. He was among the original incorpora- tors of the Sierra Madre Water Company, and has served many years as a director of the same. As one of the original trustees of the public library he was largely instrumental in estab- lishing that most desirable of public institu- tions. He is now a school trustee of his district, and the efficient road overseer of the colony tract. Mr. Hosmer is a native of New England, dating his birth at Concord, Massachusetts, in 1844. He is the son of Nathan S. and Ruth L. (Hay- ward) Hosmer, both natives of that State. His father was a builder and contractor by occupa- tion, located at Concord; and Mr. Hosmer was leared and schooled in that place until sixteen BISTORT OP LOS ANQELES COUNTY. years ofage. He then entered into mercantile pursuits as a clerk, after wliicli he located at Lowell, Massachusetts, and engaged in the sew- ing-machine business for about two years. In 1872 he established an agency for the Singer Sewing-Machine Company in Lawrence, which he conducted until 1874. He then returned to Concord and engaged in the grocery business until he came to California. Mr. Hosmer is endowed with energetic and industrious habits, and by his experience in various occupations in life has acquired the power to achieve success in wliatever he undertakes. He is well known throughout this section of the valley, and ranks as one of its desirable and esteemed citizens. Tolitically he is a E.epublican. In 1886 he served as a delegate in the county conventions. He is a member of Lowell Lodge, No. 44, K. of P. In addition to his Sierra Madre property he has real-estate interests in Monrovia and Olivewood, and is also the owner of a iive-acre tract of unimproved land at Cresente Canada. In 1872 Mr. Hosmer wedded Miss Clymena AV". Ilatliorn, a native of Maine. No children have blessed this union. Mr. Hosmer's mother died when he was eight months old. His father is still a resident of Concord. iISS FRANCES H. HAWKS.— There no resident of Sierra Madre more "^ worthy of mention in its early history and subsequent remarkable growth and develop- ment than the lady whose name heads this sketch. Miss Hawks was born in Delatield, "Wisconsin, and was there reared and educated. Her parents were Nelson P. and Hannah (Crocker) Hawks. The death of her father occurred in 1863, and she was left to the care of her loving mother. Early in life Miss Hawks displayed a talent and taste for music and was given the benefits of a thorough musical educa- tion. In 1879, accompanied by her mother, she came to California and located in San Fran- cisco, where she was successfully engaged in teaching music. The climate of that city not agreeing with her, she was compelled to seek a more genial one, and in 1881 she and he)- mother came to Los Angeles County and located at Stoneman's Ranch, at San Gabriel, until September of that year. She then purchased a twenty-acre tract of land in the Sierra Madre Colony, at that time just opened to settlement, and established her residence upon the same in October. Miss Hawks and her mother came to this wild and uncultivated laud on that October day and sought the shelter of an oak-tree while the carpenters erected the rough little 12 x 16- foot cabin they were to occupy for mouths after- ward. This was the second building ei'ected for residence purposes upon the colony tract. Miss Hawks at once entered upon the improve- ment of her land, and engaged in horticultural and viticultural pursuits. She bravely and cheerfully encountered the discomforts and even hardships of tiie situation. Success rewarded her eiibrts, and she soon made the -apparent desert blossom and bloom like the veritable garden of Eden. Miss Hawks's tract was located on the south side of Grand View avenue. The first avenue trees planted in the colony were pepper trees planted by Miss Hawks on that avenue early in 1882, and it is believed she also set out the first grape-vines there. She has been a liberal supporter of all enterprises that have built up and developed the resources of Sierra Madre. She is a stockholder in the Sierra Madre Water Company, and has been a liberal supporter of schools and churches. She is an earnest member of the Episcopal Church, and donated to that society the lot upon which the Church of the Ascension stands, besides contributing freely to the building fund. The floral productions in her Sierra Madre nursery on the corner of Grand View and Baldwin ave- nues are not exceeded in beauty and variety by any in that section of the San Gabriel Valley. The care and cultivation of this one-half acre of nursery ground is confided to no one, but is attended to by the lady herself. She is now the owner of about fifteen acres of her original HISTORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. tract, but she also owns valuable business prop- erty in Sierra Madre, among which is the fine two-storv building on the east of Baldwin ave- nue, just north of Central avenue. She is a thoroughly educated lady, possessed of sound business qualifications, and has gained a well- merited success in her real-estate and other en- terprises. Her long residence in the valley has made her well known and gained her a large circle of friends. |P^ENRY HANSEN, Los Angeles, painter ira\ and contractor, was born in JSJorway, Sep- -^(l tember 10, 1858, emigrated to America when eleven years of age, and grew up in Chi- cago, where he served an apprenticeship in learning the trade of painting. He remained in Chicago until 1887, when he came to Los Angeles and engaged in his present business. His practical knowledge and experience in the best class of work have enabled him to build up a good trade, giving employment to from twelve to fifteen men, and doing some of the most im- portant work here. He received the contract for doing all the painting for the new city hall. He resides on Austin street and Central avenue, and owns the property he occupies. Li 1880 he married Sophia Blatt, a native of Mecklenburg, Germany. They have two children: Theodore and Florence, and lost two children in Los An- geles. '^■^■^ fC. HAN N ON, ex-Supervisor for the First District of Los Angeles County, was born * in the city of London, England, Decem- ber 2, 1828, son of David and Martha Hannon. When five years of age his parents resolved upon emigration to the United States; and on arrival in this country they made their home in Eastern Ohio, nearly opposite Wheeling, West Virginia. There they lived, engaged in agri- culture, the rest of their lives. The subject of this sketch was feared to a farm life, and re- ceived his rudimentary education in the com- mon schools of Ohio. During the latter part of his residence in that State he was engaged in lumbering in the forests near his home. Li the early part of the year 1859 he resolved upon emigration to this golden sunny land, reaching the State late that year. He spent the follow- ing four years in the mining districts of Nevada, and became one of the foui ders of Unionville, the county seat of Humboldt County, in that State, and was one of the well-known enterpris- ing citizens of Humboldt County. Retirt-uing to San Francisco in 1863, he married there, June 1 of that year. Miss Elizabeth Carr, a native of Ireland. Soon afterward Mr. Hannon settled in Santa Clara County, two miles east of San Jose, on the Alum Eock road. This home was established early in 1864. In 1869, after considerable time had been given to the work of selection of a future home in Southern Califor- nia, Mr. Hannon and his few chosen compan- ions, now his neighbors, selected the site of his present home, in the beautiful San Gabriel Valley. No more productive soil can be found in California, — a deep alluvial deposit making an inexhaustible fund of wealth to draw upon, and no draft has ever been dishonored. The 160 acres are devoted mainly to the production of wheat and barley. Stock sufficient for domes- tic use and farm operations is kept, and a mis- cellaneous variety of deciduous and citrus fruits are raised in abundance in the family orchards. The home, with its beautiful surroundings, is the abode of comfort and genuine hospitality, and is located less thantwo miles northwest of El Monte, in the Savannah school district, and convenient to Pasadena and Monrovia. Mr. and Mrs. Hannon have six children living, viz.: Frank, who is engaged in the Internal Revenue Office at Los Angeles; Edward, at home with his parents; Vincent and Mary are in school at San Jose, the former in the Santa Clara College and the latter in the College of Notre Dame; Charles and Frances are attending the home district school. Mr. Hannon is a Democrat in politic?. BISTORT OF LOS AJflQBLBS COUNTY. and prominent in tlie councils of the party; is deservedly popular as an official ; was elected supervisor in 1876, and served eight years; later he served four years as deputy assessor; and many years he has served his district as trustee. In all relations of life he has always been the true, upright man. His father was of Irish birth, but reared in London, where he married a lady of English birth. He was a devoted adherent of Daniel O'Connell, and identified with him to such an extent as to become obnoxious to the Government, and to make emigration to this land of the free desirable if not necessary. In conclusion, we will say that when Mr. Hannon selected the site of his present fine estate, then in its native wildness, he builded better than he knew. fOGENE GERMAIN.— The subject of this sketch, who is one of the leading men of Southern California and foremost in business affairs of the city of Los Angeles, is a native of Switzerland, born November 30, 1847. He came to New York in 1868 and to California in 1870. At this time the Southern Pacific Railway was in course of construction through Arizona and New Mexico from Yuma to Sanderson, Texas, and for about five years, from 1879 to 1884, Mr. Germain engaged ex- tensively in operating numerous supply stores along the line of work. He established branch stores at Tucson, Benson, Deming and El Paso, from which he handled large quantities of mer- chandise and did presumably a very profitable business. Upon the completion of the Southern Pacific line through this country, Mr. Germain centered his attention and energies upon his Los Angeles business with results that are well known to the people of Southern California. He purchased, packed, shipped and otherwise handled large quantities of fruit, provisions, etc., and in 1S84 his business had grown to such pro- portions that its reorganization was necessitated and increased facilities required for properly handling the same, and the Germain Fruit Com- pany, organized by Mr. Germain, and now with- out exception the largest institution of the kind in Southern California, is the outgrowth of the business which he established in 1882. Mr. Germain has served the company as its president since its organization and personally directs its affairs from their main offices and spacious stores in the Baker Block. Mr. Ger- main is a man of remarkable energy, and pos- sesses great executive ability. He is foremost in various local business enterprises, and any movement tending to the growth of Los An- geles City and county and the development of their remarkable resources, he is ever ready to encourage with his influence and money. His opinions upon questions of public policy are re- garded as always sound. He has two terms presided over the deliberations of the Board of Trade of Los Angeles, and his administration of its affairs was a marked success. He has also served as president of the Stock and Prod- uce Exchange of Los Angeles. During the present year (1889) Mr. Germain, with his fam- ily, is in Europe, having been appointed by Gov- ernor Waterman Commissioner of California to the Paris Centennial Exposition. Mr. Germain is a scholarly man of culture and speaks fluently several languages. He was married, in 1872, to Miss Caroline Sievers, and they have an interest- ing family of five children, three sons and two daughters. fAMES L. HOWLAND.— The most exten- sive nursery in the San Jose Valley is that owned and conducted by the above-named gentleman. His nursery grounds of seventy acres in extent are located on Cucamungo ave- nue, within the town limits of Pomona, and about two and a half miles north of the busi- ness center of that city. Fully forty acres are devoted to nursery purposes. His productions range from the useful and ornamental trees and vines to the most delicate floral productions. ct::i>t^^(^^ HISTOHT OF LOS ANGELES C0U2fTY. Of citrus fruit trees he lias 20,000, budded mostly with Wiishingtoii Navels, and 75,000 of the most approved seedlings. Foreseeing the future demand for dlive trees, he has entered extensively into their production, and has nearly 200,000 of tiiose trees, such as his researcli and study have convinced him are the best suited to the climate, soil, etc., of the San Jose Valley. Of deciduous fruits he has about 20,000 trees, comprising a large number of varieties. His shade and ornamental trees and floral produc- tions comprise almost innumerable varieties, covering in scope the floral world of Southern California. In addition to his nursery, Mr. Howland is engaged in fruit-growing, having twenty acres in olive trees, ten acres in orange and lemon trees, besides deciduous fruit trees in much smaller proportions. All these ini provements, including extensive hot houses, buildings, complete water system for irrigation, etc., have been made by him within the past four or five years. lie purchased his land from George B. Adams, in 1885. It was originally a portion of the Loop and Meserve tract, and until that year was in a wild and uncultivated state. Mr. Howland is a native of Massachu- setts, dating his birth in Barre, in 1862. He was reared and schooled in Springfield, at which place his father, James Howland, a native of Massachusetts and a descendant of an old Colo- nial family, was engaged in business as a drug- gist and chemist. Mr. Howland received the benefits of a good education, graduating at the excellent High School of that city. He also, at the age of fourteen years, commenced the study of his father's profession, and was employed in his store until 1879, when the death of his father left the business dependent upon himself. This he successfully conducted until 1882, when he came to California and located in the San Jose Valley. Upon his arrival lie determined to turn his attention to horticultural pursuits, and entered into the nursery business with S. Gates, near Pomona. This partnership existed until 1885, when he established his present enterprise. He has achieved a success in liis business that is well merited, for with his in- dustrious habits and sound business principles he combined a careful study and research in his calling that is commendable. Mr. Howland has other landed interests in San Jose Valley, among which are 600 acres of improved land lying north of his nursery farm and along the foot- hills. A large portion of this land is well aila])ted to olive culture. Mr. Howland is a lle- publiean in politics, and takes an earnest interest in the protection policy of that part}'. He is a member of the National Guard of California, being commissioned as First Lieutenant in Com- ]iany D, Seventh Regiment. He is unmarried. His mother, Mrs. Mary E. (Thorpe) Howland, resides with him. He has one brother, Harry A. Plowland, who is a resident of Pomona. ^' ' ^ •^"?*''^* '^^ '• "*" ILLIAM A. HOME, senior partner of the firm of Home & Abel, druggists, whose stores are situated at Nos. 508 Downey avenue and 716 and 718 San Fernando street, was born in Connecticut in July, 18-10. During the early part of his active life he was engaged in the iron trade. He came to Cali- fornia in August, 1882, and the following month he started in the drug business in partnership with William H. Abel, on San Fernando street. About a year later they opened a branch store on Downey avenue in East Los Angeles, and have done a prosperous business in both stores. The second year after they started their store was destroyed by flre, in which the firm sus- tained a loss of $2,000. They own both the buildings in which their stores are situated. They erected the two-story brick in East Los Angeles at a cost of over $10,000, and moved into it in February, 1889. Formerly they did some wholesaling, but discontinued that feature a year or two ago. They manufactured several medical preparations, the principal one being their celebrated White Pine Balsam, which they put uj)on the market six years ago, and which has an extensive sale throughout California. HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. yix to eight men are employed in all depart- ments of their bnsiiiess. Mr. Home married Miss Antouia C. Price, a niece of General Ster- ling Price, in Carthage, Missouri. Mr. Abel is also a native of Connecticut, and came to Cali- fornia in 1882. He has been many years in the drug business. fOHN E. HOWAED.— One of the repre. sentative lesident properties of the San Gabriel Valky is "Howard Place," owned by the above-named gentleman. This live-acr« tract is localtd about two miles and a half north and east of Pasadena. In 1884 Mr. Howard ]inicha&ed filteen acres of land at that point and t(]ol< up his residence there, and, althougli an invalid, commenced its imjirovenient. In 1887 lie sub-divided ten acres of his land into villa lots and sold them, alter which he commenced a more extensive improvement of his remaining five acres. He erected a line two-story residence, complete in all its appointments and furnishings. This was destroyed by lire in May, 1888, and in the Siime year he built his present home, wliicli is a large two-story building, ot architectural beauty, in which he has combined all the con- veniences and luxuries ot a well-ordered mod- ern home. But it is the ornamental trees and Hoi-al productions of his grounds that attract the most attention. Mr. Howard is an enthusi- ast in his horticultural pursuits, and his beauti- iul grounds abound in the choicest collection of trees and flowers to be found in the county, and probably are not excelled by any of private ownership in the State. The diversilied arrange- ment or studied irregularity of his grounds adds greatly to their beauty. No two trees of the same kind or flowers of the same variety are placed side by side, nor has he followed geo- metrical lines in his planting. Space will not admit of giving the names of the variety of trees and flowers he has collected and success- fully cultivated. As an illustration it may be noted that the 400 rose-trees he has secured comprise over 100 varieties, and there are seven varieties in his seventy-flve palms. There can scarcely be mentioned a tree or flower that can be grown in the San Gabriel Yalley that he has not a specimen of under successful cultivation. About one-half of his Ave acres is occupied by his residence and grounds, and the remaining two and a half acres are planted with citrus and deciduous fruits. He has followed the same course in this as in floral products, and has col- lected a variety of all fiuits that can be suc- cessfully cultivated in this section. The hardy apple and quince of the North may here be found side by side with the tropical banana of the South. The subject of this sketch is a native of the Granite State, New England, born in Cheshire County, in 1840. His father, Jonathan Howard, was a native of New Hampshire, and a farmer by occupation. His mother, nee Gracia Alexander, was also of that State. Mr. How- ard was reared to agricultural pursuits until twenty years of age. He then started in life for himself by establishing a trade throughout his section which he supplied by a large general merchandise wagon, with which he made stated trips. He was successful in his business, and in 1868 moved to Greenfield, Massachusetts, where he established himself in mercantile life by opening a large merchandise store. He con- ducted various enterprises until 1882, when ill health compelled a retirement from active business pursuits, and in seeking a restoration to health, he came to California. For more than twenty years Mr. Howard led an active business life, and is a man of energetic, indus- trious characteristics, and as his health returned, in his California home, he sought active out- door employment, which he found in beautifying his grounds. Politically he is a Republican; has for over thirty years been a member of the Masonic fraternity, and for more than twenty years a Knight Templar in that order. He is affiliated with the Republican Lodge and Con- necticut Valley Cominandery of Greenfield, Massachusetts. He is a consistent member of the Congregational Church. In 1868 Mr. How- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ard married Miss Elizabeth Henry, the daughter i)f Nathan F. Henry, of Montague, Massachu- setts. From tiiis marriage there are two dauj^h- ters: Louisa and Bessie A. tW. IIEINSCH, manufacturer of liarness and dealer in saddlery, hardware and turf * goods, North Main street, Los Ange- les, was born in this city, October 16, 1862. His father. H. Heinscli, was an early settler here, and for more than twenty years was a well- known prominent merchant. The subject of this sketch attended school in his native city, and learned the mercantile business in his father's store. In 1882 he went to San Fran- cisco and was for four years connected with leading business jobbing houses on the Pacific Coast. Then he returned to Los Angeles, and since that time has been the leading merchant in his line. He manufactures the greater por tion of his stock, employing eight to ten men. His store is large and commodious, and he car- ries one of the largest and most complete retail stocks of goods west of the Mississippi River. He has a large established trade, which extends through Southern California and Arizona. He also imports a large amount of turf goods from England. A. HUNTER, manufacturer of boilers and oil-tanks, Los Angeles, was born " June 6, 1839, in Pennsylvania. Dur- ing his youth he served an apprenticeship in the Baltimore Locomotive Works. In 1857 he moved to Des Moines, Iowa. On the breaking out of the war he enlisted in the Twenty-third Iowa Volunteer Infantry; served under General Curtis, was wounded at Milliken's Bend, and was mustered out in 1864. For the next seven years he had charge of the Capital Iron Works, at Springfield, Illinois; then four years was in business in Jacksonville, sarae State; then four years in the same trade, at St. Joseph, Missouri; and finally, in 1884, came to Los Angeles and established his present business, on the corner of Castelar and Alpine streets. He has had a large practical experience as a manufacturing machinist, and is well calculated to build up an extensive trade. He was one of the original corporators of the Union Iron Works. He also owns a fine ranch in this county. Mr. Hunter married Miss Elder, a native of Kentucky, and they have two children: W. A., Jr., and Dora A., now Mrs. Gilbert. fEORGE S. HAVEN, of Los Angeles, has been a resident of California since 1859. He is native of Yarmouth, Maine, born September 2, 1836. From his native place he sailed southward, crossed the Isthmus of Panama, and from thence came by steamer to San Francisco. He followed mining in Placer County to some extent until 1862. He visited Los Angeles atid Southern California towns in the dry season of 1863. After visiting vari- ous localities he, in 1887, located at 231 Com- mercial street, Los Angeles, and opened the Boston Chop House, a restaurant which he still conducts. Mr. Haven has been an extensive traveler on the Western Slope. September 6, 1866, he married Miss Mary M. Humphrey. They have four children: Frank B., Grace E., Charles A. and Fred H. fllABEN, of the firm of Hai)en & Phip, manufacturers of galvanized iron cor- nices, sky-lights and metal roofing, 116 South Los Angeles street, Los Angeles, was born in Syracuse, New Vork, and learned his trade there. After reaching manhood he trav- eled through South America as well as North America, and came to Los Angeles in 1883, where he went to work for Harper & Reynolds, having charge of their tin shops and cornice 750 UISTORV OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. work three years. He then bought that depart- ment and he and Mr. Phip established their present business. Thej do a general jobbing trade, making a specialty of galvanized iron cor- nice, nntallic t^ky-light and. metal roofing. Their factory is 26 x 50 feet in ground area, and they employ ten to fifteen naen in the busy season. He had a practical experience in every detail of the trade, and the success of the firm is due to their close supervision of their work. fLDRIDGE EDWARDS HEWITT was born at Pulteney, Steuben County, New York, August 12, 1828. The first of his ancestors of whom he has any knowledge came to America from Cork, Ireland, soon after 1620. He is, however, not sure that he was a native of Ireland; probably not, as he soon went to Leeds, England, and there married an English lady of the same name, but no relation as far as known. Immediately after his marriage he returned to America and settled in Connecticut, on the shore of Long Island Sound. His grandfather, Ran- dall Hewitt, was an otticer under General Wash- ington throughout the Revolutionary war. His father, Richard Hewitt, was born in Seneca County, New York, and was a physician in act- ive practice in New York, Ohio and Missouri for over forty years. His mother, nee Hannah Heminway Parker, was of Welsli extraction, her ancestry coming to America from Wales during Colonial times. His parents were mar- ried in Steuben County, New York, in 1827, and moved from there to Tuscarawas County, Ohio, in 1831. Richard Hewitt represented the district composed of Tuscarawas and Stark counties two terms in the Ohio Legislature, in the years 1843-'44. In 1845 President Polk appointed him agent for the Wyandott Indians, who had just before been removed from Ohio to their reservation in Kansas Territory, at the junction of the Missouri and Kansas rivers; and in the same year he moved with his family to that point and assumed charge of affairs. The only sciiool that Edwards ever attended was the old-fashioned district sciiool in Ohio, between 1831 and 1845, where the solid rudiments of an English education were literally pounded into what he calls his rebellious brain, chiefly by a barbarous old Scotch school-master by the name of Stone. From 1845 to 1847 he was a clerk in an Indian trading establishment, at what was then known as Westport Landing, but long since famous as Kansas City. In April, 1847, he enlisted in the Twelfth United States Infantry for " five years or during the war" with Mexico. Hon. J. W. Denven, once a meinber of Congress from this State, was his Captain. General Franklin Pierce was the Brigade Commander, whom they joined at Vera Cruz in June, where he was appointed Sergeant-Major of the regi- ment, and held the position till the close of the war. The orders were to join General Scott, wiio was then at Pueblo, awaiting reinforcements and supplies. Their command was weak and the march a forced one, but the advance was made interesting and lively by their friends the guerrillas, who amrsed themselves by blowing up bridges that spanned almost impassable rivers and chasms, and bj' rolling huge ricks from mountain sides upon them as they passed through defiles. The only battles of magnitude that Mr. Hewitt participated in were those of Contreras and Churubusco on August 19 and 20, 1847. He was wounded at Contreras, but not seriously. At the close of the war he was tendered by the Government a Second Lieuten- ancy in the First Dragoons, regular army, but declined when he heard of the discovery of gold in California. He and two other young men from Kansas City crossed the plains with an ox team, via the Carson River route, and arrived in California in September, 1849. From 1849 to 1863 Mr. Hewitt was almost exclusively en- gaged in miningand merchandising in Mariposa, Merced and Stanislaus counties. He arrived in Los Angeles, July 31, 1863, and passed the time from that date till October 28 in making a fruitless trip to the Weaver diggings in Arizona (during which he walked 500 miles), and in HISrORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. working for liis board for a gentleman by the name of Cohii, who kept a stationery and toy store on Main street, where the Grand Central Hotel now sta.ids. On the last-named date he entered the service of General Phineas Bann- ing at Wilmington, in whose employ he re- mained six years, or until the completion of the Los Angeles & San Pedro Railroad, of wiiich he became superintendent in 1870. General Hewitt is now division superintendent of the Southern Pacilic Company, and has been since its purchase of the Los Angeles & Southern Pacific Road in 1873. He was married at Wil- mington, Los Angeles County, in October, 1866, to Miss Susan Garrett, a native of Arkansas. They have three children living, two daughters and a son, the former aged twenty-one and four- teen years respectively, and the latter sixteen years. The family moved from Wilmington to Los Angeles, in February, 1874. General Hew- itt was treasurer of the county from 1876 to 1878. He has also held the position of General of Brigade of the National Guards of California- The subject of this sketch is a thorough busi- ness man, having filled with ability the position of railroad superintendent for nearly twenty years. His present duties as division superin- tendent of the Southern Pacific system require great executive ability. He not only possesses this in a marked degree, but he is withal per- sonally and officially popular in the comraunitj' in which he has lived so long. ■^^^-f^ fM. HAVENS, carpenter and builder. No. 10 Washington street, Los Angeles, was * born in the city of Albany, New York, October 1, 1860. His father, Morton H. Ha- vens, was a prominent contractor and builder. Serving as an officer in the Union army, the lat- ter was severely wounded in the battle of Cold Harbor and left for dead on the field. After the war he was connected with the Freedmen's Bureau. Returning to Albany, he engaged as a building contractor, and carried on an exten- sive business for many years. The subject of this sketch attended school during boyhood in his native city, and afterward learned of- his father the trade of carpenter and joiner. In this he was so proficient that before reaching man- hood he was charged with the supervision of forty to fifty men. In 1887 he came to Los Angeles, where he is enjoying a good patronage in his line. He also deals in real estate, taking jobs of repairing and renting, etc. He was married March 1, 1882, to Miss Sarah V. Rocke- feller, of Greenbush, New York, and they have one son, Ed M., Jr. '^^^m^^ fRED HAVER, contractor in I)rick aiul stone work, Los Angeles, is a native of Living- ston County, New York, and was born October 13, 1847. His parents, Fred and Mari- ette (Preston) Haver, were also natives of New York State. They went to Illinois and settled in Moline in 1853. Young Haver attended school until after the breaking out of the Re- bellion, when he enlisted, March 17, 1862, in the Thirty-ninth Regiment, Illinois Infantry, General Logan's old regiment. He served three years, seven months and twenty-three days, and participated in a number of battles and skir- mishes. While out scouting and in a skirmish, twenty of his regiment were captured and taken to Andersonville. However, Mr. Haver, being a good runner, escaped. After being mustered out of the service, he entered the regular army. Eighth Regulars, U. S. A., commanded by old Colonel Bumford, the Ranking Colonel of the army. He was Sergeant-Major two years, the highest non-commissioned rank. Was mustered out June 17, 1870. Mr. Haver learned his trade of his fatlier, who was a prominent contractor and engaged in building in Iowa. The subject of this sketch came to Los Angeles in 1883 and engaged in contracting, and since then has been prominently identified with the contracting and building interests here. Among the many large contracts he has taken are, the Barker IJlock, the insTonr of los angeles county. Gollmer Block, the Armeister, the Kiefev Block, Germain Block and many others. He had the contract for hnilding the Raymond Hotel and made the 2,000,000 bricks required for the foundations. He built many of the best build- ings in Pasadena: Ward Block, Exchange Block, Carlton Hotel, General Ward Block, First Na- tional Bank, Hopkins Block and many others. Mr. Haver has had a large, practical experience and enjoys the reputation of being one of the most competent and responsible contractors in this State. He was married July 11, 1872, to Miss Minerva Stiles, of the State of Iowa. Her father was a soldier who served in the Twenty- sixth Iowa Infantry and died of injuries received in the service of his country. Mr. and Mrs. Haver have five children : Herbert, Goldie, Earl Wayne, Pearl M., and Fred, Jr. -^-^-^ tC. HAIiPER, manufacturer of well and water pipe, tanks and all kinds of tin and ® metal roofing, 344 Alameda street, Los Angeles, is a native of Columbus, Mississippi, born March 13, 1866, and is a son of C. F. Harper and Martha (Mullen) Harper. His par- ents came to California and settled in Los An- geles in 1868. His father, an old and honored citizen, established the well-known house of Harper, Reynolds & Co., and for the past twenty years this firm has been one of the largest and most prominent in the extent and magnitude of its business in Southern California. The sub- ject of this sketch attended school here, and after leaving sdiool entered his father's store, where he received a thorough training in the de- tails of the business and was connected with the house until the present year, when he purchased the manufacturing department and succeeded to this part of the extensive business, the oldest in this line in Southern California. He manu- factures all kinds of sheet iron and tin plate work for the trade, in a wholesale way, having a large trade with the land and water com- panies, supplying them with water and well pipe. For so young a man, Mr. Harper has had a large practical experience arid gives his per- sonal supervision to the details of the business. He will continue to increase the already large established trade of this old and well-known manufacturing house. Mr. Harper was united in marriage, October 25, 1887, to Miss Minnie Hamilton, a native of Dalton, Georgia, and daughter of Colonel Joseph Hamilton, formerly of Georgia, but who has been a resident of Los Angeles for many years. '>^^■■ fULIUS HAUSER, dealer in fresh and salted meats, corner of Main and First streets, is a native of Germany, and was born in Baden, January 7, 1847. He attended school during boyhood, and upon reaching manhood he emigrated to America, in 1867. He lived in Poughkeepsie, New York, three years, after which he came to the Pacific Coast, in 1870, and located at Sacramento, where he was engaged in business for thirteen years. He was also in- terested in the stock business, and traveled from Oregon through the Territories on horseback, for the benefit of his health, at the same time continuing his business in Sacramento, which place continued to be his home until 1888. He then came to Los Angeles and established his present business. He has one of the best loca- tions in the city, corner of Main and First streets, and is building up a large trade. In 1879 Mr. Hauser married Miss Caroline Hergett, a native of the city of Sacramento. They have four sons: Edward Charles, Herman Julius, Lewis August and Franklin Mitchell. -^^€®::Si^-^ — fF. HAWIv, an extensive and prosperous farmer, residing five miles west of Comp- ® ton, has been a resident of the county since 1873. He is now farming 1,700 acres of land, the principal croj) being barley, of which he raises a superior quality. He also owns a UfiDir OF LOi ANGELES COUNTY. farm of forty acres near Downey. "Wlien first he catne to tlie county Mr. Hawk was employed for several years in Los Angeles City by the Southern Pajilic Railroal Company, a^ clerk, and he subsequeritl}' devoted his time and at- tention to agricultural pursuits. Mr. Hawk is a native of Indiana, was born in 1849, and is the son of James and Caroline (Newell) Hawk. His parents were natives of Ohio, and moved at an early day to La Salle County, Illinois, where the subject of this sketch was principally reared and educated. Besides a liberal common-school education, he pursued the higher branches of study at the Grand Prairie Seminary at Orange, Illinois. He afterward figured as a pedagogue, and taught three years in Iroquois and other counties in Illinois. In 1881 he selected as his partner through life Miss Mattie Willets, of Leesburgh. Indiana. She is tlie daughter of Enos and Elmira (.Wood) Willets, natives of Ohio, and pioneers of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Hawk have an interesting family of three chil- dren: Leroy, Walter and Olga. Politically Mr. Hawk is a stanch supporter of the principles as taught by the Republican party. Being a scholar and a man of close observation, he is one whose opinion, on matters both public and private, is received with deference by all who ktiow him. J^ARMON HIGGINS, deceased, came to f^ California in 1844. He was born in lUi- "^l nois, February 19, 1812. His parents, Jusiah and Margaret Higgins, of Tennessee, moved to Piatt County, Missouri, wiien Harmon was one 3'ear old. There he was reared and educated, receiving both a common-school and a college education. He was married in Holt County, Missouri, December 25, 1842, to Miss Malinda Durbin, a native of Piatt County, Mis- souri, and a daughter of Daniel and Thurza (Fuget) Durbin. They were natives of Missouri and Kentucky respectively. The father traces his genealogy back to the Irish and Welsh, and the mother to tlie French and Welsh. Tliey reared a large family, seven girls and three boys. Two years after his marriage the subject of this sketch set out for California, coming overland in company with a train consisting of twenty-six families, with Niel Gillam as their Captain. They arrived in Portland, Oregon, about Christmas, where they remained until the spring of 1849, during which time Mr. Higgins was engaged in the management of a large sheep and cattle ranch. He then moved to San Fran- cisco, and for six months was engaged in min- ing. He subsequently moved to the Napa Val- ley where he farmed for three years, and then returned to his ranch in Oregon, remaining there six months. In 1861 he moved to El Monte, where he rented land four years. lu 1865 he bought eighty acres of land where the city of Compton now stands, and was one of the original settlers of the place. He subsequently purchased 160 acres of land in San Diego County, residing on it one year, and then mov- ing back to his Compton ranch. Mr. and Mrs. Higgins have reared a large family, eleven chil- dren in all, ten of whom are yet living: James P., Dallas A., Josiah, Harmon, Buchanan, Will- iam R., Wallie, M-ary E., wife of Madison Sut- ton; Augusta, wife of Jefferson Mago; Cas- sanda, wife of John Hollman; and Frances M., who died at the age of eleven years. Mr. H gins, led a useful life and was a highly respected citizen. His death occurred March 2, 1887, at his home in Compton. Mrs. Higgins has re- cently built a large and elegant residence on the old farm just inside the city limits of Comp- ton, where, with her sons and two grandchildren, she is spending the evening of life in a manner which only those who have led a useful life can enjoy. f^^OODSON C. HOLMAN was born in |ft|sl|| Ivftitucky in 1824, and is a son of John l^-^S and Elizabeth (Duvall) Ilolman, the former of German and the latter of French origin, and both natives of Kentucky. John HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUJVTY }loliiian was born September 11, 1787, was a soldier in the war of 1812, in his younger days was a successful teacher for a number of years, went to Oregon in 184:3, and engaged in farm- ing there until his death, which occurred May 14, 1864. lie and his wife reared a family of sixteen cliildren, fourteen of whom lived to maturity. When the subject of this sketch was only a boy he was entrusted with the care of his fatlier's family on their way from Missouri to Oregon. On this journey they experienced untold privations and hard"ships, and for sixteen days were lost, wandering they knew not where. This was in 1845. In 1848 the subject of this sketch came to California, and for ten years was engaged in the wholesale mercantile business in San Francisco. Mr. Ilolman is a man who has traveled much. Eight times he has been across the ocean from San Francisco to New York, and four times across the continent. He made twenty-live trips by sea from Portland, Oregon, to San Francisco, and twice overland, all these being business trips. He was at one time Cor- poral in the Indian war, to rescue prisoners taken at tlie massacre of Dr. Whitman, and in this capacity he rescued forty women and chil- dren. For the past eighteen years Mr. Ilolman has been a citizen of Los Angeles County. For six years after coming to the county he was a forwarding merchant in the city of Los Angeles, and twelve years ago he purchased 100 acres of land where he now resides. At present he is cultivating sixty acres, as a horticulturist. He received the nomination for justice of the peace in 1876, but was defeated. While in Oregon he was elected sheriff of Pacific County in 1852, l)ut resigned the office on account of business claiming his attention in San Francisco. Mr. Holman is somewhat of an author, though his educational advantages were very limited. He spent one winter in Philadelphia, one in New York City, and two in Washington, as cor- respondent for different newspapers. He pub- lished a work of his own, or rather a lecture, entitled "Twenty-four Years' Residence in Or- c'iion and California." He made a tour east to St. Louis and other points, where he delivered this lecture to appreciative audiences. Mr. Holman has been twice married. In 1858, at Bethel, Oregon, he wedded Olivia Burnett, daughter of Rev. G. O. Burnett, a minister in the Christian Church. This lady lived only six months after her marriage. In 1870 he chose for his second wife Mrs. Mary A. Elliott, of Clinton County, Missouri, who is a daughter of William Stoneman, of Plattsburg, Missouri. This lady, by her first husband, had two daugh- ters, Florence and India. Her union with Mr. Ilolman has been blessed with two sons, Frank and Claude Stoneman. '^■^^t^ fAMES HAY, a blacksmith near Artesia postoffice, has been one of the most success- ful men in this part of the county. He was born in Inverness, Scotland, in 1843. His parents, Donald and Jessie (Cameron) Hay, had six sons and one daughter; came to Canada in 1857 and located in Frontenac, Ontario, where the father followed farming until his death, which occurred in 1875. The mother died three years previously. In 1864 James went to Roch- ester, New York, and thence to Oil City, Penn- sylvania, where he worked at the blacksmith's trade. Thence he went to Wyoming Territory, where for nine months he served in the Quarter- master's Department. Next he was at Salt Lake City, and then in Idaho Territory, wliere he followed his trade until 1875. Then he came to Los Angeles, purchased a farm south of Artesia, sold it and bought where he now lives. This he has improved, and here day after day the year around has the ring of his anvil been heard. Thus, having good health and rigidly practicing industrious and economical habits, he has accumulated an independent fortune. He is one of the first settlers of this beautiful Artesia country, and has witnessed the vast and rapid improvement that has been made within the last ten years. He is recognized as an emi- nently successful business man, enjoys the con- <^^^^ C^^^d^l.^^^^^^-^ HISTORY OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. tideiice and esteem of his neighbors in a very hirge measure, is energetic, patriotic, public- S[)irited and intelligent, and no good public enterprise suffers from the lack of his support. Socially he is a Freemason and Odd- fellow, and politically he atiiliates with the Republican party. He is yet unmarried. V. JOHNSTON, contractor, 309 West Seventh street, Los Angeles, was born I'-^K^ ® in Tompkins County, New York, June 18, 1830. He went to Chicago in 1848, and served an apprenticeship to his trade in that city. At length he succeeded to the business of Cooley & Briggs, who were prominent builders. Mr. Johnston engaged in contracting and building and carried on tlie business there thirty-seven years. Thus he is one of the oldest and best-known contractors and builders in the city of Chicago, and has done as much building there as any other man. He also ran a planing- mill in connection with his business for fifteen or twenty years. On account of his health he was obliged to seek a milder climate, and closed his active business interests there and came to Los Angeles in 1888. Here he engaged in contracting for building. Mr. Johnson married Miss Mary H. Cooley, a native of the city of Chicago. Her parents, W. H. and Rebecca (Warner) Cooley, settled in Chicago in 1833, and were among the earliest pioneer settlers. 3Ir. and Mrs. Johnston have four children: Ada M., Edwin J., Arthur and Martha. -|->^- fROFESSOR S. HOLGATE, musician, near Norwalk, was born on the Atlantic Ocean, between Liverpool and New York, on the 30th day of April, 1842. His father's name was William, and his mother's, Martha Holgate. They were natives of England. She was a pro- fessional singer, and on her way to fill an en- gagement in New York wlien the subject of this sketch was born. They made several trips between Liverpool and New York when he was but a small boy. He came over the last time with Professor Mackey, and was known as the " baby violinist." For seven years he was a pupil of Professor Mackey and traveled exten- sively with him, till 1864, when he went to White Pine, Nevada. There he worked in the quartz mines for two years. In 1868 he came to Los Angeles County, and rented land for some years, then bought a farm, which he soon sold. Then he purchased where he now resides, and has made a very pleasant home a mile and three- quarters southwest of Norwalk. Professor Hol- gate has distinguished himself as a musician, and his ability as a violinist is not exceeded, perhaps, by any in the State. He is the leader of the Norwalk Orchestra and Brass Band, and has played for the best entertainments in the State. Of late he has not given much attention to the science, but his ability as a musician and violinist is wonderful. He was married in 1865 to Miss Julia Thompson, daughter of the well- known O. D. Thompson, of Los Angeles. The names of their children are: Julia, wife of Gar- rett Duncan; AVilliam, Stephen and James. Professor Holgate was the first member initi- ated into the Masonic lodge in Downey, and he has ever since been " on the square." Politi- cally he is a Republican. -^-^^-^ fOHN P.OWLAND, one of the early pio- neers of Los Angeles County, was a native of Maryland. He went to Taos, New Mex- ico, many years ago, where he married Dona Incarnacion Martinez, and where his older chil- dren were born, namely: John, Jr., Thomas, Robert, Nieves, who married John Reed, and Lucinda, who married James R. Barton; Will- iam R., his youngest son, was born in California. Mr. Rowland, with his life-long friend and part- ner, William Workman, was engaged in Taos in milling. The partners also owned a distil- lery. In 1841 they set out for California, in 763 HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNT F. company with John Tete, Santie^o Martinez, Thomas Belarde and others. The following ■ year they went back after their families. On their return hither, their company included B. D. Wilson, D. W. Alexander, John Heed, Will- iam Perdue, Samuel Carpenter, all of whom became residents of this county, and also Will- iam Charel, of Tehama County. Rowland & Workman obtained a grant of La Puente Rancho, of eleven leagues, or about 48,000 acres, twenty miles east of the city of Los Angeles, where they settled and lived the rest of their lives. Some year,5 after the death of his wife, Mr. Rowland married Mrs. Charlotte Gray, whose husband had been killed by Indians while cross- ing the plains. Her daughter by her first hus- band, Mary A. Gray, married Mr. Charles Forinan, and is a resident of this city. The only living issue of Mr. Rowland's second mar- riage are Albert and Yictoria, both residing on the ranch and both married, the latter being the wife of J. W. Hudson. In 1869 Messrs. Rowland & Workman divided their rancho, and Mr. Rowknd, in 1870 or 1871, settled up his estate and portioned oft" the ranch among his heirs, giving to each about 3,000 acres of land and about 1,000 head of cattle. Mr. Rowland was well atid favorably known for many years by the old settlers of Los Angeles County, both Spanish and Americans; and he was known as a good and enterprising citizen and an honest man — de huena fama — which certainly was a good heritage to leave to his posterity. The writer of these lines knew him well from 1855 till his death. His residence in this city was the Bliss Vineyard, opposite the Wolfskill place, on Alameda street. fnOMAS ROWLAND, son of John Row- land, was born in New Mexico, December 24, 1838. He was but four years of age when he was brought by his parents to the La Puente Ranch. All of his recollections are con- nected with life near his present home. He remained with his father until his marriage, and then, taking a portion of his father's magnifi- cent estate, he established his present home, which is situated about two miles above the present town of Puente, on the south bank of San Jose Creek. January 12, 1861, Mr. Row- land wedded Senorita Cenobia Yorba, a lady of Spanish parentage, born in California. Their fine estate consists of 1,412 acres of land, nearly 1,000 acres lying in the Puente Valley, the rest being fine grazing and grain lands in the hills. All the land is devoted to general farming and stock-raising. Mr. and Mrs. Rowland have eleven children living. The family circle is complete, the children all having their home under the parental roof. Their names in the order of their births are: Bernard F., Samuel P., Thomas L., Fidel, Arnet, David, Alexander, Alexandra, Aurelia, John and Albertena. Mr. Rowland is a thorough, practical man, a kind father, a good neighbor. He is respected as a citizen, and fully alive to the interests of his neighborhood and county. Deeply interested, on account of his children, in the common schools, he has served many years and is now serving as school trustee. In politics he is a conservative Democrat. ILLIAM RICHARD ROWLAND is a native son of the Golden West. He was born on La Puente Rancho, Los Angeles County, November 10, 1846. He is the son of John Rowland, the pioneer, and Dona Incarnacion (Martinez) de Rowland. He received his education in the public schools, at the private school of William Wolfskill and at the College of Santa Clara, where he remained three years, viz.: 1858, '59 and '60. In 1871 he was elected sheriff" of Los Angeles County, and acceptably tilled that oflSce about five years. July 12, 1871, he married Dona Manuela, daughter of Colonel Isaac AVilliams, of El Rancho del Chino, and Doila Jesus Villanuevade Williams. To this union three children have been born. In 1884 HISTORY OP LOS AN6BLES COUNTY. Mr. Rowland and Mr. Biirdette Chandler com- menced boring for oil in the hills on the south- east portion of the Puente Eancho. Several shallow wells were drilled, which yielded crude petroleum, thus demonstrating that it was an oil-bearing district. Later Mr. William Lacy bought out Mr. Chandler's interests, practical oil-borers were brought from the oil regions of Pennsylvania, the work of boring was systema- tized, and at the present time (1889) the com- pany has eleven wells bored, that yield 150 bar- rels of oil per day. This product finds ready sale in Los Angeles at $2.00 per barrel, and with a demand in Southern California alone for an indefinite number of barrels more. Other wells aie being drilled, and it is the desire of the owners to keep on boring until the yield reaches 1,000 barrels per day. They hojie to build a pipe-line to the city of Los Angeles, so that the product of their wells can be cheaply delivered at that railroad center, from whence it can be distributed throughout this whole dis- trict. The stimulus of an abundance of cheap fuel, in a country where fuel is scarce, to manu- facturing interests of various kinds, will be very great. Further accounts of this and other oil districts of the county can be found elsewhere in this work. Mr. Rowland is held in high esti- mation by all who know him intimately. His thorough honesty, his genial nature and his practical good sense make him deservedly popu- lar among all classes. Mr. Rowland has a home in Los Angeles where his family resides. He also owns the old John Reed homestead on the Puente Ranch, where he stays much of the time, looking after his extensive landed, §tock and oil interests. tLBERT ROWLAND, tlie youngest son of John Rowland, the well-known pioneer who settled on the Puente Ranch in 1841, was born at the home of his parents, October 15, 1854. His life has been spent on the old ranch, where he has never lived apart from his mother. His primary education was received in Los Angeles County, and later he attended Santa Clara College in Santa Clara County. Mr. Rowland is thoroughly identified with the agricultural interests of Los Angeles County. His farming operations consist mainly of wheat cultivation and stock-raising. Mr. Rowland was married in 1879 to Miss Abbie Lewis, daughter of David Lewis, deceased, who came to Los Angeles County in 1851. He died at his home near El Monte, January 21, 1885. Mrs. Susan A. Lewis, the niother of Mrs. Row- land, resides at the old home. (A history of the Lewis family appears in this volume). Like her husband, Mrs. Rowland is a native of the Golden State. She is the mother of three chil- dren: Josej)hine, Frank and Charlie. fW. HUDSON.— The subject of this sketch was born in the city of Oswego, New ® York, February 18, 1844, son of J. W. Hudson, Sr., and nee Sarah E. Wells. His parents were reared and married in the State of JSew York. Mr. Hudson was educated in the schools of his native city. In 1860, then six- teen years of age, he left the parental home and started in life for himself, thinking at that time that he would try his fortunes in the grand State of Iowa. He made a temporary iiome in Allamakee County, but the outbreak of the Re- bellion changed all his previously formed plans. With all the patriotic ardor of youth devoted loyally to the Union, he volunteered for service at the first call of President Lincoln, but before going to the field his enlistment for three months was changed to three years. He entered the service as a member of Company K, Fifth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Worthington com- manding. After a few months' service in Mis- souri, he joined the Army of the Tennessee. The first general engagement in which the regiment participated was the battle of luka. Their loss was heavy, numbering in killed and wounded over one-half their force. He also was in the HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. second battle of Corinth, and there, too, the command suffered severely. In McPherson's corps, Mr. Hudson participated in the glorious campaign and siege culminating in the capture of Yicksburg, and later in the capture of Jack son and the campaign for the relief of Chatta- nooga, when sickness, induced by continuous hard service, compelled him to be transferred to Com- pany C, of the Fourth Eegiment of Veteran Reserves. He was on duty at Rock Island, guarding prisoners and doing similar services until the end of enlistment, receiving an honor- able dischar^'e at Chicago, July 18, 1864. After a month spent at Peoria, Illinois, he returned to Iowa. Going back to Peoria in tlie spring of 1865, he joined a party for the overland trip to the Pacific Coast, and drove an ox team via Salt Lake to Virginia City. He then engaged in mining, with fair success; later making one of an adventurous party of prospectors to the Big Horn Mountains, returning via Salt Lake City. Mr. Hudson then engaged in a venture in Southern Utah. Money was made, and money was lost; but much valuable experience was gained. In January, 1867, he came to Los An- geles and spent tlie remainder of the winter. Several years following this were spent in mining operations on quite an extensive scale, in Mon tana, Idaho, Utah and Colorado. In fact, Mr. Hudson devoted most of his time until his marriage to that business, usually spending his winters in this county, but never in idleness. In company with A. J. Bowen, he put down one of the first artesian wells in this county. In November, 1879, Mr. Hudson wedded Victoria R. Rowland, the youngest daughter of the pioneer, John Rowland, and the only daughter born of his second marriage. On the Puente Ranch, they have ever since lived near the home where Mrs. Hudson was born. Mr. Hudson's estate comprises 1,200 acres of plain and hill lands, as choice as any that can be found in the beautiful Puente Valley. The ranch is devoted mainly to grazing. Mr. Hudson is still inter- ested in mining, having valnal)le interests in the Calico mining districH, in San Jjernardinu County. Energetic, public-spirited and enter- prising, he is never behind in the active promo- tion of any work tending to advance the interests of his neighborhood, county or State. He has ever been active in school interests. The new district organized in 1888 was named Hudson district, as a compliment to him. Mr. Hudson is a member of the Masonic mystic fraternity, and is affiliated with Pentalpha Lodge, No. 202, Los Angeles. In politics he is somewhat of a radical Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Hudson have three children: Rowland, Lilian and Josiah W. fOHN JONES, Esq., was born in 1800. His early life was spent in London, where he acquired the thorough business habits which aided him so materially in his success in life. In 1847, sailing in his own ship, he left England for Australia; thence he came to Cali- fornia, arriving at Monterey in 1848. Three years after he visited Los Angeles, and seeing the possibilities of the country he decided to remain and settle in business. ]3espite numer- ous reverses, notably the Laura Be van, a ves- sel loaded with his goods, uninsured, which was wrecked near the Salt Works, and a total loss, he became one of California's merchant princes. Mr. Jones had an immense trade with great Salt Lake City, sending his goods there by "prairie schooners," so called because of their use in lieu of train or steamer transportation. For many years before the regular institution of banks in Los Angeles, he acted as banker to many great ranchers, storing their gold dust and moneys in his large fire and burglar proof safe. His place of business was in tlie Arcadia Block, on Los Angeles street, and for twenty years he was one of the most prominent mer- chants in Los Angeles, characterized by absolute and uncompromising integrity. Mr. Jones was for several terms a member and president of the city council. His careful, shrewd business hal)its made his services to the city very valu- able. In April, 1873, he was paralyzed and ' ^^^^^-^-l,^ HISTORY OF LOS ANOEIA retired froin business. He died December 28, 1876, in his seventy-seventh year. In March, 1858, he married Miss Doria Dighton, a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, who is still a resident of this city, as are their children : Mark Gordon, wlio married a daughter of Hon. Donald Mc- Donald, a member of the Canadian Parliament; Caroline Adelaide, wife of James B. Lanker- shim, Esq.; and Constance Doria. Mrs. Jones is numbered among Los Angeles County'slargest property owners, and with her youngest daughter, whose education was completed in Europe, is one of society's most charming leaders, under the new as in the old regime. fUGENE LASSEKE, Western avenue. Park Station, was born in the south of France, near the Pyrenees Mountains, No- vember 11, 1852, and reared on a farm. Upon reaching early manhood, he emigrated to this country, and came to California in 1871, settling in Los Angeles. Here he engaged in dairying for seven years, and then planted a grape vine- yard of tifteen acres. He owns twenty acres of excellent land, under a high state of cultivation, and he is successfully engaged in the culture of grain, fruit and vegetables. KS. E. A. KOSTER.— To illustrate the ■iliility with which a woman may suc- -"' cesofully carry on an enterprising and profitable business, it would, perhaps, be diffi- cult to select a more fitting example than the lad}' with whose name we introduce this article. When we see a woman ambitious, energetic and determined to succeed in any special undertak- ing she may have marked out for herself, yet at the same time retiring in disposition and never seeking publicity, she not only excites our ad- miration, but at once commands our respect. Among the enterprising and progressive citi- zens of Wilmington, Los Angeles County, there is to be found the name of such a woman — Mrs. E. A. Koster. This lady is the proprietor of a fancy store in which she keeps all kinds of ladies' furnishing goods. By her rare taste and judicious discrimination in the selection of goods, by the fitting up and making attractive her store, by her urbanity and desire to please, she has secured the best class of customers in both the town of Wilmington and the surround- ing country, and has a lucrative and constantly increasing business. Mrs. Koster is a native of England, and has been in Los Angeles County since 1882. She is a lady of culture, refinement and intelligence, whom every one honors and respects. Her husband, Methias Koster, is a well-known ship carpenter. fOHN KENNEDY, a hardware merchant in Wilmington, Los Angeles County, came to this part of the State in 1877. He first en- tered into business on a small scale, opening a tin shop. To this, in 1880, he added a stock of hardware, of which he now carries a full line. By his energy and pluck, and by careful and strict attention to the details of his business, he has succeeded in securing a fair share of patron- age, and is now recognized as one of the leading business men of the town with which he has be- come identified. He has also been employed as an insurance agent, working in the interest of the Liverpool and London and Globe Company, and also for the ^Etna, North British and Mer- cantile, and the Union Company of San Fran- cisco. And in this, as in his other undertakings, he has achieved success. Mr. Kennedy is a native of the Keystone State. He was born near Center Hill, in Bucks County, and is a son of William Kennedy, foreman in the granite quar- ries. Socially Mr. Kennedy is a member of the I. (). O. F. lodge, and is also a Mason, serving at present in the latter fraternity as secretary. He is a public-spirited and progressive citizen, and, like all who have thoroughly identified themselves with the best interests of the Golden HISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. State, feels a pardonable pride in its wonderful climate, its varied productions, and. has great faith in its future development. )ARK GORDON JONES, of Los An- geles, was born in San Francisco, De. cember 28, 1859. His early life was chiefly spent in Los Angeles and San Francisco. While quite a lad he attended McClure's Mili- tary College, in Oakland, but on account of ill health, after a few years of hard study, he was obliged to return to Los Angeles, where he pluckily resumed his studies, passing through the High-School course of the public school. In 1875 he went to the Augustine College, at Benicia, and graduated with a good record in the class of 1879. Mr. Jones then undertook the management of his mother's, Mrs. Doria Jones, estate. In addition to this, during the excite- ment caused by the unprecedented rise of prop- erty in Los Angeles, he dealt very successfully in real estate, being one of those fortunate men of whom it may well be said, that " nothing succeeds like success." In 1884 Mr. Jones married Miss Blanche McDonald (of whose fam- ily mention has been made elsewhere, in the biography of his father, John Jones, Esq.), and has one son, Dighton McDonald, who is at their attractive place on West Pico street. He is already being trained in the principles of hon- esty, uprightness and probity, which has been the guiding spirit of the preceding generations. --^^ fM. JENIFER is an early pioneer of Cali- fornia, and one of the first settlers in San * Fernando Valley. He was born in Han- cock County, Illinois, in 1836, and is a son of John S. Jenifer, a native of Maryland. He was a farmer by occupation, and went to Illi lois when a young man. He married Jemima Mase, who Wiis born in Kentucky, but reared in Missouri. They, had a family of five sons and one daughter. Mr. Jenifer drove an ox team across the plains in the year 1855. For Ave years he followed mining, then, in 1860, bought a ranch in Sutter County, and was engaged in its cultivation until 1868. In that year he went to Ventura County and carried on farming until 1876, when he came to the beautiful valley of San Fernando. He is now conducting the livery and general truck business, and has sev- eral lots in the town and also a neat residence on Johnson street. In February, 1864, he mar- ried Miss Brusilla McKee, a native of Ken- tucky, and the daughter of Thomas McKee, who crossed the plains in 1859. They have reaied a family of six children, whose names are: Mary J., wife of George T. Gower, a farmer in Los Angeles County; John, George, Frank, Jim and Nellie. Politically Mr. Jenifer affili- ates with the Democratic party. tENRY KING, proprietor of King's Shoe- ing Shop, No. 23 Aliso street, Los Ange- les, is a native of Ireland, and was born May 26, 1882. He was reared in St. Louis and served an apprenticeship to his trade there. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1854, and, together with the throng who were seeking their fortunes in the land of gold, he went to the mines in Amador County, where he spent one year, and the following year came to Los Angeles, being one of the early settlers here. He was employed as a journeyman for ten years, after which he engaged in business for himself, on the lot where the old court-house now stands. He re- mained there a year or two and then bought on Aliso street and removed there. After a few years he went to San Francisco, where he re- sided six years, and then returned to Los Ange- les and opened his present shop on Aliso street. For the past twenty years he has carried on the business in the same location and is well and favorably known throughout the city and county. He held the office of chief of police for four years. Mr. King was married September 12, HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. 1860, to Miss Helen Costiii, of JSew York State. They have eight children, three sons and iive 3+... /^^ It. KIN(t. — If one man is more worthy THL of mention in a work of this kind than ^''* another, it is certainly the man wlio, by honest toil with his own hands, has made for himself and loved ones a home, surrounded by all the comforts which the word implies. Such is he whose name stands at the head of this sketch. He is a native of the Prairie State, and was born in 1852. He is the youngest of the three sons of William and JS'ancy (Murphy) King, whose sketch appears in connection with James M. King, in this book. He is now the owner of a line farm near Santa Fe Springs, where he is bringing to bear all the improve- ments of modern husbandry. He was married on Christmas eve, in 1878, to Miss Annie Nich- olson, daughter of William Nichol&on, a pioneer of California. To them were born three daugh- ters: Maud, Myrtie and Dell. Mr. King is an intelligent supporter of the Democratic party, and his neighbors have entrusted to him the re- sponsibilities which devolve upon a district road overseer, in the Los Nietos road district, which ottice he has held for two years. fAMES LEGG, residing on a portion of the Temple and Gibson tract of the San Pedro Ranch, dates his advent to the Golden State in May, 1885. He is here engaged in general farming, his principal product being alfalfa. Mr. Legg is a native of Greene County, Hlinois, born in 1828, and is the son of John and Anna (Hardcastle) Legg, both natives of Maryland. The father was born in 1802 and the mother in 1794, she being the senior of her husband by eight years. They were both English, and Mr. Legg was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. These worthy people were pioneers of Illinois, and died in 1878 and 1872 respectively. Mrs. Legg was the widow of Thomas Biscoe, by whom she had three children. She also had three children by Mr. Legg, tiie subject of this sketch being the oldest. He remained at home until he was thirty-two years of age, then went to Carlton, Illinois, and entered into the mercan- tile business which he followed for eight years. He subsequently went to Iowa, and while there found the partner of his life in the person of Miss Anna Smith, daughter of G. G. Smith, and a native of Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Legg have reared a family of five children: Ada, Clara, Walter, Jessie, and Elda. Clara is now the accomplished wife of James Heath, of Los Angeles County, and Jessie is the wife of Ed- win Pobinson, also a Californian. The subject of this sketch is a Republican in politics. His wife is an active member of the Methodist Church. While in Kansas, where Mr. Legg farmed for a number of years, he served as town- ship trustee, three years in Anderson County, and two years in Johnson County. One of the self-made men ; County is the gentleman fE. LOSSING. of Los Angel * whose name stands at the head of this sketch. He is a native of Canada, born near Ni- agara Falls, in 1855, his parents being Edward and Eliza (Beckett) Lossing, both natives of Can- ada, their parents having been born in the State of New York. At the age of fifteen years, Mr. Lossing left home and went to Minnesota, where for some years he was engaged in farming and also worked at his trade of blacksmithing. In 1872 he located in the northeastern part of Iowa, where he was employed at the same occu- pation, lie subsequently went to Nebraska, later to Kansas, and from theFC to California. He is the owner of a tine farm two miles west of Compton, and carries on successfully the blacksmith and wagon business. His grounds are nicely improved and well cultivated, and he will in the future give his attention to the cul- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COD-NTT. tivation of oranges, a very fine variety of which can be produced in this section, together with strawberries, raspberries, etc. Mr. Lossing was married in Iowa, to Minnie Knoke, a native of Stratford, Ontario. Her father is one of the wealthiest farmers in Winnesheik County, Iowa. This union lias been blessed with two children: Julia and Susa. Socially Mr. Lossing is con- nected with the I. O. O. F. lodge at Compton; and politically he is a strong supporter of the Republican party. ^-3--^ PYRON J. LYSTER.— Few countries offer more inducements to persevering and in- dustrious young men than does the de- lightful climate and productive soil of Southern California; and contented, indeed, should be the young man whose lot is cast in this fair land. Among the enterprising young farmers near Long Beach is the subject of this sketch, By- ron J. Lyster. He is the son of Henry Lyster, oTie of the pioneers of Los Angeles County. For a number of years Henry Lyster was a iiat- boatman on the Mississippi River. Later he was engaged in pork-packing at Oskaloosa, Iowa, and still later was interested in the manufacture of linseed-oil, and also in the cabinet business. Mr. Lyster was born in March, 1806, is now a very old man, and makes his home near Long Beach with his son, the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. fLOEW, President of the Capitol Milling Company, Los Angeles, was born in South- ® ern Germany, June 2, 1847, and was reared and received his education there. Upon reaching manhood, in 1867, he emigrated to America, took a comujercial college course in New York City and lived there until the follow- ing year, when he came to the Pacific Coast. After spending a short time in San Francisco and also in San Diego, he came to Los Angeles and for a number of years was engaged in mer- cantile business until the organization of the Capitol Milling Company in 1882. Since then, as president ot the company, he has been the head of its affairs; and it is owing to his able management and his large practical commercial experience that the business of the company has been so successful, and its affairs in such pros- perous condition. Mr. Loew is always courte- ous, enjoys an enviable reputation in commercial and financial circles, and is actively identified with all the progressive interests of the city and county. In August, 1885, Mr. Loew was united in marriage with Miss Emily Newmark, a native of Los Angeles and daughter of H. New- mark, an old and honored resident of this city, and for many years one of the largest and most prominent wholesale n)erchants in this State. Mr. and Mrs. Loew have one daughter. Rose. tLICHTENBERGER, capitalist, 24 East Fourth street, Los Angeles, is a native of ® Germany, born in Prussia, August 25, 1835. He attended school there and when six- teen years of age emigrated to America and went to Chicago. He served an apprenticeship to the trade of carriage and wagon making there and remained in Chicago until 1860, when he came to the Pacific Coast. He worked at his trade in San Francisco, and in 1864 came to Los Angeles. After being employed at his trade there for a time, he engaged in business for him- self, at Nos. 3 to 13 North Main street, where his block is now located, and he was successfully engaged in the carriage and wagon making trade for over twenty years. He built up a very large trade, making a specialty of California spring- wagons. He acquired a high reputation for vehicles of his own manufacture and gave em- ployment to a large number of men, manufact- uring 300 spring-wagons and carriages in one year, and having a trade which extended throughout Southern California and Arizona. In 1886 he retired from active business, after nisTonr of los anqeles county. an honorable business record of over twenty-two years. He had little or no capital when he be- gan life and his success is owing to his own efforts. He erected a large business block on Main street, and is also the owner of other valu- able property. He did not invest in real estate as a specuhxtion, but always as an investment. When lie bought property he had a use for it, and in this way his investments have been per- manently made and have proved very fortunate. Mr. Lichtenberger was elected a member of the city council, and after serving one term was elected city treasurer, in 1878. Los Angeles has no more generous and worthy citizen, no one more actively identified with the progress and development of the city and county, than is Mr. Lichtenberger. He was married Novem- ber 2, 1863, to Miss Emily Basse, a native of Germany, who was born in the city of Bohn on the Rliine. They have four children: Herman, Amelia, Louis and George. '^■^-^ fHE LOS ANGELES PLANING-MILL COMPANY, corner of San Pedro and Seventh streets, Los Angeles, established their business here July 26, 1886, with S. C. Dodge, President, and Thomas Hughes, Vice- President. The company manufactures sash, blinds and doors, stairs, scroll work, molding ai.d all kinds of ornamental woodwork for finish- ing and decoration. Their factory is large and commodious, about 300 feet frontage, contain- ing the latest and most improved machinery, and during the busy season giving employment to from lifty to seventy-five hands. The com- pany are fully equipped to execute lai-ge con- tracts as promptly as any similar factory on the Pacific Coast, and for doing all kinds of fine work; and they have a large and well-established trade. Their stock is secured here and up North on the coast, wherever they can buy to the best advantage. They are ci>ntemplating building a mill in Washington Territory, to meet the de- mands of their increasing trade. S. C. Dodge, 48 the president of the company, is a native of Nova Scotia; came to the Pacific Coast in 1875, and to Los Angeles in 1886, to establish the present business. He has had a lar'ge practical experience in the manufacturing of lumber, and is familiar with every detail; and to the efficient management executed by himself and Mr. Hughes is attril)uted the success of the company. AV. LOWE, real-estate agent in Long Beach, who came to California in Oc- tober, 1888, is a native of the Buck- eye State. He was born in 1843, and is the youngest of a family of ten children, five sons and five daughters. His father, Jacob Lowe, was a native of Ulster County, New York. He subsequently moved to Ohio, where for several years he taught school, and died in that State in 1865. The subject of this sketch was edu- cated at the common schools in Pickaway County, Ohio. After leaving school he engaged in teaching a short time before his marriage, after which he retired from the school-room, eight years later resuming the jirofession of leaching and continuing it for a number of years. January 24, 1867, he was united in marriage with Miss Belle McKee, of Ohio, daughter of James and Elizabeth McKee, both natives of Maryland. For ten years Mr. Lowe was engaged in the grain and live-stock busi- ness. After coming to California he chose for his future home a beautiful site in Los Angeles County, which has since been named Long Beach, he being one of the first settlers in the jdace. Mr. Lowe erected the first store-room and kept the first store here. Fortune has smiled on him since he came to this beach, and he is one of the most successful business men in the village. He has practically retired from the mercantile business and is giving his atten- tion to the management of real estate and in- surance. He is also a notary public. Mr. Lowe is thoroughly identified with the best interests of the place, and enjoys the confidence and HISTORY OF L08 AJVOELES COUNTY. esteem of his fellow-townsmen. At present he holds the office of treasurer of the municipality. Politically he affiliates with the Prohibition party, and is an active worker for temperance, and may be depended upon to support, by his influence and his means, anything which has for its object the general good of the community. Mr. Lowe is a member of the Congregational church. Socially he is connected with the Ma- sonic order, and also with the Knights of Honor. Mr. and Mrs. Lowe have been blessed with two lovely daughters, Ethel and Viunie. They live in a delightful location on Pine street, overlook- ing the beach and the grand old ocean beyond. • ^.^^^.^^.^^^^ ilCIlARD D. LEWIS, a retired capitalist in Santa Monica, was born near Merthyr Tydvil, Glamorgan County, Wales, in 1814, is a son of William and Ann (Jones) Lewis. Lewis was for several years engaged in the iron works in his native country, and in 1840 came to America. He worked by the day in Pennsylvania for two years, and then took a contract for an iron furnace at Shamokin, Penn- sylvania. He next went to Kocliester, New York, where for several years lie had control of the Forsyth Scale Manufactory. In 1870 he received the first premium, from the Mechanics' Institute, at the Cincinnati Industrial Exposi- tion. After this he was interested in the air- brake business with James Y. Smith. Mr. Lewis has been a very successful business man. He owns several blocks in the best business part of Kansas City. He has recently purchased resi- dence property in Santa Monica, where he has retired from active business. Mr. Lewis has been twice married: First, in 1840, to Elizabeth Lewis, also a native of Wales. Of this union two children were born. The, older, Sarah A., married John Thompson, by whom she had four children. She died in Rochester, New York, in March, 1889. The other child, William, was his father's book-keeper in Rochester, New York; he also is deceased, having died at the age of forty-eight years. Mrs. Lewis departed this life about five years ago. In June, 1885, Mr. Lewis married Mrs. Mary Burr, the widow of Theodore Burr. Her maiden name was Mary Jones, and she is the daughter of David Jones, a Welshman. Her first husband was John Powell, by whom she had three children: Will- iam H., GeorgeO., and Mary J., wife of Thomas Edwards, hatter and furrier, of St. Joe, Missouri. Mr. Lewis has been a member of the I. O. O. F. for fifty years. Heresidesat the cornerof Seventh street and Arizona avenue, Santa Monica. ILLIAM LACY, Sr., of the Puente Oil Company, and one of the most favora- bly known business men in Southern California, is a native of England, who came to California in 1864, and first engaged in mercan- tile business in Marin County, and subsequently in San Diego, and finally in Los Angeles. Here he has been prominent in financial circles, being coimected with the old Commercial Bank, in company with E. F. Spence, and afterward with the First' National Bank in various relations; he is still a director in this institution. He has also been interested in many public enterprises. He was the first to develop the Puente oil wells, which have proved more remunerative than any other in the country. Mr. Lacy and William Rowland are the proprietors of these wells and constitute the company referred to. Their office is now in the magnificent Lanfranco Building in the city of Los Angeles. Mr. Lacy's business capacity and genial manner have won for him many favorable considerations for public po- sition, but he has declined them all except that of member of the Board of Education of the city of Los Angeles. His two sons, William, Jr., and Richard H., constitute the Lacy & Ward Company (Mr. Ward not now being a member of the firm), manufacturers of iron tanks of all classes and sheet-iron work, oil and water pipes, etc.; factory in East Los Angeles on Daly street, which was commenced some three or four years HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. a., John, James G. Mrs. McDaniel resides with her children at her cottage home in Savannah. THOMAS F.MITCHELL was born in 1827 and is a son of John and Martha (Carter) Mitchell, natives of Virginia, and of Ger- man origin. The subject of this sketch was in the Mexican war, and in 1852 came to California and mined for about eight years. In 1860 he engaged in the cattle business, wdiich he followed very successfully for fifteen years, fie then laid claim to 160 acres of land in the beautiful caiion where he has since lived. He has added to this original claim several valuable farms, and now owns over 1,000 acres. He has given his attention to farming; till recently he has made quite a creditable record as an apiarist. He has over 400 stands in two apiaries, which yield an average of forty tons of honey per year. In 1865 he was married to Miss Martha Taylor, a native of Arkansas, but principally reared in Cali- fornia, Her father was Ambrose Taylor, an early pioneer of this State. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell have a family of four children, whose names are: Frank A., Fannie, John and Minnie. Mr. Mitchell is a warm friend of the common schools, and has taken a lively interest in educa- tional affairs. The beautiful school-house near his residence is due largely to his efforts, and he has been a sciiool officer for several years. He and Mrs. Mitchell are both members of tiie Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a true pioneer, and by his industry and economy has made a most beautiful home at the head of Soledad Canon, where, twenty-one years ago, the bears were so numerous that he found great difficulty in protecting his stock against them, and where the Indians were so dangerous that he had to leave his wife and children behind for nearly two years. Surely the country owes a debt of gratitude to those old pioneers, who have braved such dangers and hardships to develop its resources and to make such comfortable and beautiful homes for those they love most dear. '^■^^■^ M. MARLEAU, another one of the representative pioneers of Southern ^#^® California, was born in Canada, Jan- uary 5, 1830, and is the son of Achan and Eliza- beth (Russell) Marleau, both Canadians and of French origin. Mr. Marleau left his native land in 1846 and westward pursued his way. Leaving St. Louis, April 2, 1852, he set out on the overland journey for the far-famed Califor- nia, arriving in the mining districts near Stock- ton in October, and having seventeen out of the 250 head of cattle with which he left St. Louis. He came to this county March 3, 1868, and hence is one of the earliest settlers. He has witnessed the wonderful changes that have been wrought in this country, and looks forward to its still further development. .When first coming here he purchased 100 acres of land, but has since sold the greater part of it, and now retains only twenty-five acres. This is fine land and is nnder a high state of cultivation. Mr. Marleau was married in 1868 to Martha Faull. They have reared a family of four children: AVilliam, Elizabeth, Mary A., and Charley, all being mar- ried except the last named. Mr. Marleau is a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge. Politically he is an active and enthusiastic Republican. He is a public-spirited citizen and can be depended upon to aid and support any undertaking which has for its object the general good of the com- munity. -^« IMfl ^- -MASTERS, President of the Board 'WWw °^ Trade, etc., Pasadena, was, before l^i^i^* his health failed, extensively engaged in the iron business in Cleveland, Ohio, his native place. After traveling for about three years in Europe and Africa, he came, in the winter BISTORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. of 1874, to Pasadena, for his health, but most of the time for tlie first two years lie traveled in this State. In 1877 he was appointed postmaster at Pasadena, when the business of the office was comparatively large and the facilities for trans- acting iu very limited. From his own pocket he paid for additional improvements and more assistants, until he could properly handle the rapidly increasing mail. For this he has been but partially reimbursed; bat, more important than this to him, he feels that he successfully carried out his determination to give the people good service, and he asks no further reward. The writer has it from both Republican and Democratic sources that he did most excellent service. He is one of the organizers of the Pasadena Board of Trade, and is now its presi- dent; is also president of the Pickwick and Union Clubs, a stockholder in the First National and San Gabriel Yalley banks, and largely inter- ested in several other enterprises of a more pri- vate character. Probably no one in the city has done so much toward the entertainment of prom- inent Eastern tourists as Mr. Masters, and to him the place is largely indebted for its present advancement. '^'^■^'^■^ fO. MONROE may well be called the pio- neer of Monrovia, as he erected the first * residence in that place, in 1884. This was before thepresent city was laid out. In that year Mr. Monroe purchased thirty acres of wild and uncultivated land and commenced clearing the same, entered into horticultural pursuits and also developed and piped water on his lands. Later, when the city of Monrovia was projected and laid out, he entered heartily into building up the place, and was one of the most enter- prising of the projectors and builders of that phenomenal city. All of the municipal work, street grading, tree planting, developing and piping the water from San Pit Canon was done by Mr. Monroe, under contract from the town projectors and trustees, lie was also one of the stockholders of the Rapid Transit Railroad, and at this writing, 1889, is the superintendent of the same. He is now the owner of thirty acres of land in Monrovia, nearly all highly im- proved and cultivated. Fifteen acres are devoted to Washington Navel oranges and about ten acres to deciduous fruits, comprising a fine variety of peaches, plums, apricots, pears, etc. The subject of this sketch was born in Scott County, Indiana, in 1848. His father, Sanders A. Monroe, was a native of Virginia, and a descendant from an old Colonial family. From an early age he was reared in Kentucky, and in his young manhood located in Indiana, where he married Miss Catherine Monroe and settled down in life as a farmer. In 1851 he moved his fam- ily to Wapello County, L>wa. The members of the family were Sanders A. Monroe and wife, and the following named children: William N., Felix M., George W., Eliza L., now Mrs. Charles Hotchkiss; Mattie P., now the wife of Dr. D. D. Jay, and the subject of this sketch. Mr. C. O. Monroe was reared to the practical life of a farmer, receiving the benefits of a fair education. Upon reaching his majority in 1869, he started in life as a railroad contractor, and for twenty years was engaged in that work in the various States and Territories. In 1876 and 1877 he was in the employ of the Southern Pacific Rail- road Company. In 1880 Mr. Monroe located in Iowa, and spent four years in coal mining. In 1884 he came to California and established his residence in Monrovia. He has thoroughly identified himself with the best interests of the place, and has the respect of a large circle of friends. He is a strong supporter of schools and churches, and is a member and trustee of the Baptist Church of Monrovia. He is a char- ter member of Monrovia Lodge, No. 330, I. O. O. F. In political matters he is a strong Repub- lican, taking a deep interest in the affairs ol tiie party and serving as a delegate in its county ^ conventions. He is one of the trustees of the city of Monrovia, elected in 1889. In 1872 Mr. Monroe married Miss Sarah E. Rogers, a native of Illinois, the daughter of William Rogers, a HISTORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. native of Virginia. From this marriage there are four children: Birdie M., Minnie L., Edna C. and Ethel. The parents of Mr. Monroe are now members of his household. All of his brothers and sisters are residents of Monrovia, with the e.xceptiun of Mrs. -lay, who resides in Troy, Iowa. flT^ILLIAM N. MONROE, the founder of Monrovia, is well worthy of mention in the annals of Los Angeles County. He was born in Scott County, Indiana, in 1841. His parents are Sanders A. and Catherine Mon- roe, for a more extended notice of whom see sketch of C. O. Monroe, in this volume. The early life of William N. was spent upon a farm, after which he became a student in the Ashland University, Iowa. At the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion he left college and entered the ranks of the Union defenders, serving with gallantry and distinction until the close of the struggle, when he was mustered out of the service with the rank of Major. He then en- gaged in railroad construction, and obtained large contracts for the Union Pacific Railroad- In 1875 he came to California, and the follow- ing ten years was engaged by the Southern Pa- cific Company in railroad building in California, Arizona and New Mexico. In 1885 he came to Los Angeles County and purchased from E. J. Baldwin the tract upon which the city of Monrovia is located. In this he was associated with E. F. Spence, J. D. Bicknell and J. F. Crank. A large force of men were employed, and the planting of fruit trees and vines pro- gressed rapidly. But in the spring of 1886 it was decided to locate a town upon the tract, which Mr. Spence christened Monrovia, in honor of Mr. Monroe, who was the prime mover in the enterprise. The remarkable growth of the town, the influx of solid citizens, tlie opening of magnificent avenues, the erection of handsome residences, substantial business blocks, banks, churches, schools, the completion of a per- fect and abundant water supply, and the estab- lishment of the varied business enterprises, seemed almost magical; but all was well ordered and sprang from the energetic operations and trained business habits of Mr. Monroe. He was at the head of every enterprise that tended to advance the interests of the city of his choice. To him more than to any other man is Mon- rovia indebted for the San Gabriel Valley Rapid Transit Railway, that gives to her citizens a competing line with Los Angeles. His gener- osity seemed unbounded, and he was ever the friend of all honest and deserving men who were seeking to build up homes in the San Gabriel Valley. He was one of the original in- corporators and a director of the Granite Bank of Monrovia. During the war Major Monroe was united in marriage with Miss Mary J. Hall. From this marriage there are the following named children: Milton S., who married Miss Mamie N. Thomas; George O., who married Miss Lizzie Miller; Myrtle M. and Mabel II. tOUIS MESMER, capitalist, 64 and 66 North Main street, Los Angeles, was born in Alsace, France, February 20, 1830. In 1847, at the age of seventeen, he emigrated to this country. Having a brother in Syracuse, New York, he. made him a visit, after which he went to Ohio, during the celebrated political campaign of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too." He located at Dayton, that State, and started a bakery. In 1857 he determined to come to California, and accordingly sailed for San Fran- cisco, arriving in that place in September of the same year. He first went to Columbia, Calaveras County, then came to Los Angeles, and after a short time spent here went to the Eraser River mines, being very successful and making over $20,000 in eight months. He started a bakery and secured a contract from the Hudson I!ay Company to supply the troops. He sold out and went East for a visit, and in 1859 came to Los Angeles and located permanently. He HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. started a bakery, and by his ability and energy extended his business and built up a very large trade, at one time having seven bakeries ^in operation and having the entire control of the trade. He also furnished supplies for the troops. For the past thirty years he has been promi- nently identified with the business, and has done the leading trade. In 1864 he built the United States Hotel on Main street, and in 1887 he erected the New United States Hotel, a large and handsome structure, one of the best in the city. Mr. Mesmer is one of the many men who hiivc started out in life with no capi- tal save energy and a determination to succeed, and it is to his own efforts alone that his marked success is due. Not only for himself has he been so successful, but as a beneficiary for others, and in aiding and assisting them he has paid out a fortune of $60,000 — the highest standard of commercial honor and integrity. Besides his extensive travels in the United States, Mr. Mesmer has visited his native coun- try several times. He went to France in 1869, again in 1875, and afterward to the Paris Ex- position. In 1854 Mr. Mesmer was married to Miss Catharine Forst, a native of Alsace, Grer- many. They have five children: Joseph, An- tone, Alphonse, Christina and Lucy. fOHN K. McMANIS, manager of the Pacific Wagon Company, 25 Aliso street, Los An- geles, is a native of Indiana, born in In- dianapolis, September 3, 1841. He attended school there during his boyhood, and upon reaching manhood he determined to seek the advantages of a new country, and following the star of enterprise, came West and spent some years in Colorado, Idaho, Montana and Utah. He remained in these Territories until 1869, when he came to the Pacific Coast and located at Los Angeles. He engaged in farming for some years, and in 1879 established his present business, the firm being Bonebrake & McManis. This firm continued for some four years, and then the Pacific AVagon Company was organized. This house was the first to introduce Eastern- made buggies and carriages here. They make a specialty of Columbus buggies, and have a large established trade. Mr. McManis is prob- ably more familiar with the demands of the trade than any other firm in his line. He is a generous, public-spirited citizen. ■ • '^i& m^^^^^- tON. JOSEPH E.McCOMAS— Among the representative men of Los Angeles County and prominent residents of Pomona is the subject of this sketch. A review of his life and association with the history of Los Angeles County is of interest. Mr. McComas was born in Cabell County, Virginia, May 15, 1834. His parents, Hiram and Rebecca (Hatfield) McCo- mas, were both natives of that county. In 1841 Mr. McCoii pa rents emigrated to Missouri and located in Platte County near the present site of Platte City. Tlie county was new and unsettled, and the subject of this sketch had but few advantages in the way of schooling, but was reared to the labors and hardships attending pio- neer farming. The death of his father occurred in 1849, leaving the care of eight children to the mother, and Mr. McComas was called upjn for increased efforts in helping to support the family. The only schooling he was able to obtain was some three months in the year when he attended a subscription school. He was of an ambitions and energetic disposition, and his zeal and sturdy application enabled him to equal, if not excel, many of his more favored competitors. Heared under such circumstances, his manhood and self- reliant qualities were early developed, and at the age of nineteen years, in 1853, he decided to seek his fortune in the El Dorado of the West. AVith $10 in his pocket and an extra suit of brown jcan clothing, he felt rich in this world's goods. He joined an emigrant train destined for California and worked his passage across the plains, deserts and mountains, cheerfully endur- ing the labors and hardships attending the driv- HISTORY OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. 781 ing of a herd of cattle, and receiving tlie food he ate for his pay. After nearly live months of this toil and exposure he arrived in Sacramento Valley. Soon after his arrival he engaged in mining, and for the next live years was engaged in that precarious calling in various portions of the northern counties. In 1858 he found him- self with ahout §2,000 ahead. He then returned t(.>hisold home and engaged in the lumher husi- iiess, running a steam saw-mill in his operations. He conducted that business until the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, when he promptly decided to enter the ranks of the Na- tion's defenders. He raised a portion of a com- pany and was commissioned a P'irst Lieutenant of Company G, Fifth Kansas Cavalry. He served with his regiment until November, 1862, when his failing healtli necessitated his leaving the military service. He therefore resigned his com- mission and returned home. In the spring of 1863 he again crossed the plains to California, and located in Santa Clara County, where he spent about a year in farming. In 1864 he set- tled in the San Joaquin Valley, near Stockton, and engaged in wheat raising with good success until 1871. In that year he came to Los An- geles County and settled on a farm near Comp- ton. He remained there until 1875, when he established his residence in Pomona. From his first arrival in Pomona, Mr. McComas has taken an active part in the building up of the city. He has seen a city of 5,000 inhabitants spring up upon the almost uninhabited sheep range upon which he first settled. During his resi- dence he has been principally engaged as a real- estate dealer, but he has also been largely inter- ested in building up the business portion of the city. The McComas Block, on the corner of Main and Second streets, was erected by him in 1885 and was the second brick building put up in the city. In 1887-'88 he built the large brick livery stable on First street. This build- ing is 165 X 100 feet. He has also a fine two- story residence at the head of Main street. The four and one-half acres of ground upon which his residence stands abounds in ornamental trees and ricli Horal productions. He is a stockholder and director of the First National Bank of Po- mona, and was one of the original incorporators and the first vice-president of the same. He has been a strong supporter of such enterprises as have tended to develop the resources of the San Jose Valley and increase the prosperity of his chosen city. He is a stanch Republican, jiining that party in 1856, and in 1860 was one of the only two men who voted for Abraham Lincoln in Platte County, Missouri. He has always taken a deep interest in the political questions of the day, and been an earnest worker in the ranks of his party. In 1888 he received the nomination for the office of State Senator for the Thirty-ninth Senatorial District, from the Republican Convention, and was elected by a majority of 1,430. He is the first Republican ever elected to that office from his district, and the majority he received is a splendid tribute to his popularity. He is a man of intelligence and sound sense, and at once took a leading part in the proceedings of the State Senate, serving upon some of the most important committees. His career was one of marked success, but he proba- bly was best known to his constituents from his successful management of the bill creating the county of Orange. Mr. McComas has held many positions of trust and honor in his various places of residence. At Compton he was twice elected justice of the peace, holding that position four years. In 1882 he was appointed notary public, which office he held for two years. He was again appointed in 1886 and held the office until he resigned to take his seat in the State Senate. He has for twenty-five years been a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a liberal supporter of the same. He is a member of Pomona Lodge, No. 246, I. O. O. F.; Pomona Lodge, No. 225, A. O. U. W., and Vicksburg Post, No. 61, G. A. R., of Pomona. In 1860 Mr. McComas wedded Miss Rebecca Yount, the daughter of Henry and Deborah (Doherty) Yount. They were natives of Pennsylvania. She died in 1865, leaving one child, J. Lane, who is at this writing (188'J) as- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. sociated with his father in the real-estate busi- ness in Pomona. In 1867, in San Joaquin Comity, Mr. McComas married Miss Lizzie Adams. She died in 1876, leaving no children. His third marriage was in 1878, when he wedded Miss Emma Loughery, the daughter of William and Eliza (Steele) Loughery, natives of Virginia. From this marriage there are three children, viz. : Rush, Maud and Ethel. fW. MIDDLETON, of the firm of Evans & Middleton, is a native of Aberdeen, ® Scotland, and was born in 1858. Heat- tended school and served an apprenticeship to the trade of stone-cutter, in his native town. After reaching manhood he came to America, in 1882, and the following year came to Los Angeles. He followed the trade of stone-cut- ting for several years. In 1886 he engaged in his present business. Their quarries are located at Riverside, San Bernardino County, where most of their stone and granite is dressed before shipping, a portion of it being finished in Los Angeles. The granite for the Germain Block, on Los Angeles street, and the New Griffith Block, on Fort street, one of the largest and heaviest in the city, and many others, is fur- nished from the quarries of Evans & Middleton. Granite for buildings in Riverside and other places is also furnished from the same quarries. Li 1881 Mr. Middleton married Miss Annie Craighead, a native of Aberdeen, Scotland. They have four children: Mary, James, Henry and Liliie. tEV. W. S. MATTHEW, D. D., was born in Cotton Hill, Sangamon County, Illinois. He grew up on his father's farm, having the best advantages for education furnished by the public schools, which he attended for about six months in each year. At the age of sixteen he began teaching, his object being to earu money to carry him through college. After five years of struggle and self-denial he was permit- ted to go to Evanston, Illinois, to enter the Northwestern University. Here he studied hard, and toiled from time to time to earn funds to carry him through. He took high rank, as a student, carried off several prizes in oratory, and graduated in 1876 at the head of his class. When sixteen years of age he consecrated himself to the service of God and became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He now entered the ministry, and was stationed at Auburn, Illinois. Success attended his labors from the first. He was much loved by the peo- ple, and was especially influential among the young people of both sexes. After one year he was removed to Taylorville, Illinois. Here he had a larger and more difficult field, but suc- ceeded in greatly increasing the membership of the church, and in giving it an advanced posi- tion among the churches of the city. During this time he was very active in his advocacy of the cause of temperance. Largely through the labors of his church the saloons were banished from the place, and Taylorville remains a tem- perance city to this day. The good results are patent. During Mr. Matthew's stay here another great event happened to him. This was his marriage to Miss Marion L. Fomeroy, of Evans- ton. This union has brought to him the most substantial joys of his life. His aquaintance with her began when they were both students in the university. Miss Fomeroy graduated in 1877 with a fine record as a student, and honored as a genuine, gracious, queenly woman. As a wife she has brought to her husband that help and comfort which only a true Christian woman can give. Let her husband praise her in the gates: " She has done him good and not evil all the days of her life." Mr. Matthew remained two years at Taylorville, and was then settled over the Second Methodist Episcopal Church in Springfield, the capital of the State. Here he re- mained three years, the full term allowed by the law of the church, and was very successful. But over-work resulted in a low malarial fever, and HISTORY Oh LOS ANGELES COUNTY. lie was compelled to try a more northern cli- mate. Removing to Minnesota, he was stationed at Red AVing one year; then at Clinton Avenue Church, St. Paul, for three years. From here he went to the First Church, Stillwater, where in the midst of a most successful year's work he received the news that he had been elected Dean of the College of Liberal Arts in the University of Southern California. This was to liim a com- paiatively untried Held; but from the first day his presence inspired confidence both among students and faculty. His work was especially helpi'ul to yonng men, many of whom were led to become earnest Christians through his influ- ence and labors. After two years at the head of the College of Liberal Arts, Dr. Matthew was elected vice-president of the University. AVhile this was considered a step in advance, and he was urged to accept, yet he declined, not considering it an opportune time for such en- largement of plans as contemplated by the board of directors. His plan at this writing (Septem- ber, 1889,) is to re-enter the pastorate. Mr. Matthew comes of Welsh stock, a parental an- cestor from Wales having been one of the earliest Territorial Governors of Virginia. He is five feet, nine and one-half inches in height, weighs 140 pounds, is wiry and athletic, and capable of great endurance. He has remained a student ever since his gradnation, and no doubt has many years of useful service yet before him. His Alma Mater, the Northwestern University, in June, 1889, conferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. tE. MEYER, manufacturing cooper and proprietor of winery. No. 32 South Ala- <* meda street, Los Angeles, was born in Alsace, Germany, October 8, 1851, and grew up and learned his trade there; emigrated to Amer- ica in 1879, and two years later came to Cali- fornia. Coming to Los Angeles the same year, he began working at his trade, continued three years, and in 1884 established his present busi- ness. He makes a specialty of large, tight work, heavy casks and tanks, his work being mostly on orders. He has built up an established trade. He is also engaged in wine-making for the wholesale trade; raises grapes and buys large amounts to make into wine, which finds market here and elsewhere. He had nothing when he began, and his success is the result of industry and economy. In 1886 he married Miss M. L. Ontleib, a native of Alsace; tMcNALLY, contractor. No. 716 Maple avenue, is a native of Prince Edward Isl- ® and and was born May 3, 1854. He at- tended school during his early boyhood, and at the age of fourteen years went to Massachusetts where he served his apprenticeship to the trade of brick and stone mason. After reaching man- hood he came west to New Mexico, and had the supervision of all the mason work of the Santa Fe Railroad, having in charge the building of the round-houses. He held this position four years, came to Los Angeles in 1882, and the fol- lowing year engaged in contracting. Among the many prominent buildings erected by him are the new United States Hotel, the Los An- geles National Bank, the Wilson Block, corner of First and Spring streets; the Callahan Block, corner of Third and Spring streets; the West- minister Hotel, corner of Fourth and Main streets; Robarts Block, corner Seventh and Main streets; Burdick Block, corner Second and Spring streets; the Philadelphia Brewery, Aliso street, the largest brewery in Southern California; Weil Block, on Main street; the Capital Mills, Hollenbeck Hotel, Turnverein Hall, the new Griffith Block, on Fort street, containing 3,000,- 000 brick, and many other buildings. Mr. Mc- Nally has had a large, practical experience as contractor in brick and stone work, and for the past six years has been prominently identified with the contracting interests of this city. He has, during this time, taken more heavy con- tracts than any one contractor in Southern Cali- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. foniia, and, as an evidence of his ability and re- sponsibility, in all the contracts taten by him lie has never been asked to give a bond for the faith- ful performance of any contract.- Mr. McNally has served as a member of the city council of Los Angeles during his residence here. He was married March 27, 1883, to Miss Sarah L. Cassidy, of Canada. They have one son, John Ambrose. f MATER, butcher and wholesale and retail dealer in fresh and salted meats, Los ® Angeles, was born in Bavaria, Germany, September 16, 1853. After serving an appren- ticeship in his native land, he emigrated to America in 1871; went to Leavenworth, Kansas, and remained three years, and also lived in Cheyenne for a time. During the gold excite- ment he went to the Black Hills. He came to California in 1876, lived in San Francisco about a year, and then came to Los Angeles, and opened a butcher shop, and since then has suc- cessfully carried on the business here. He has built up a large wholesale and retail trade. Coming to America a poor boy, he has by his own unaided efforts, coupled with ability and energy, attained the degree of success he richly deserves. In 1886 Mr. Maier married Miss Louise Smith, a native of Wisconsin. They have three children: Willie, Josie and Mary Louise. fC. McMENOMY, engaged in plumbing, steam and gas-fitting, in Los Angeles, was * born in the city of Boston, Massachusetts, July 2, 1851. His parents were old residents of that city, and came to California in 1853, settling in San Francisco. The subject of this sketch, after attending school there during his boyhood, entered St. Ignatius College, where he took a three years' course; then served an apprenticeship in the establishment of P. li. O'Brien in his present business. While fol- lowing his trade he was engaged on the resi- dences of Senator Fair at Virginia City, J^olin Mackey, William Ralston, and many others equally as prominent. He came to Los Angeles in 1872, and entered the employ of Barrows, Furrey & Co., and continued with this firm four years; then established his present business, the firm being Manning & McMenon)y. They re- mained together three years, then dissolved, and since that time Mr. McMenomy has carried on the business by hijnself. He was on the corner of First and Spring streets three years, then removed to First and Maine, and was there until he bought the lot for his present location, and built his factory. His shop is 60x41 feet, and two stories high. He does all kinds of plumb- ing, and also steam-fitting, and has a large prac- tical experience and good trade. He was united in marriage December 19, 1875, with Miss Mary Jane Somerset, of Syracuse, New York. tENRY MERZ, capitalist. No. 504 East First street, Los Angeles, was born in Germany, February 14, 1829. He at- tended school and learned tlie trade of tailor in his native country. In 1847 he, in company with his sister, emigrated to this country, landed in Canada, and went from there to Buffalo, New York. After remaining there for a time, he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, leaving his sister in Buffalo. From Cincinnati he went to St. Louis, and from there to Ottawa, Illinois. From the latter place, in the spring of 1850, he set out for the Pacific Coast, with mule teams. The roads were so bad that it took them two months to reach St. Joe, Missouri. There were nine of them together, and, leaving St. Joe the first of May, they joined another company. Upon reaching Fort Kearney, they were induced to leave their wagons and continued their journey on foot, bringing their effects with pack saddles. Their company divided and they suffered severely for want of provisions. They reached Hang- UI8T0RT OF LOS ANGELES COUKTT. town, Placer County, August 1, 1850, and the subject of this sketch at once engaged in mining. The following year he went to Auburn, and wiiile assisting his friend was accidentally, and it was thought fatally, shot. In consequence of this he was laid up for a year and started on a visit to the Eastern States, with the iiope of re- covery. Upon reaching Sacramento he met an old friend and was persuaded to stay with him, which he did, until he was strong enough to go back to the mines. He remained there until 1866 then went to San Francisco, and the fol- lowing year to Santa Cruz. Mr. Merz was in a bakery in the latter place one year, after which he returned to San Francisco and engaged in the grocery business with his brother four years. He then came to Los Angeles and associated himself in the grocery trade with his friend, Mr. Pelaske, now an old and honored pioneer of the Pacific Coast. They carried on the business for ten years, when Mr. Merz retired. In 1878 he married Miss Bertha Brohn, a native of Sa.xony, Germany. ilLLIAM MANN, of the firm of Mann & Johnson, machinists, 432 South Los Angeles street, Los Angeles, was born in Indiana, October 14, 1837. He attended school and served an apprenticeship to his trade in his native State. He worked at his trade in several States, and followed it nine years in Missouri and five years in Texas. He-came to Los Angeles in 1880, and went into the machine shop and iron works of Bath & Fosmer, and the following year was made foreman of the shops and held that position si.x years, until the fall of 1887, when he resigned to engage in business for himself at South Los Angeles street, the firm being Mann & Johnson. They do all kinds of machine work, and run princi- pally on special orders. They manufacture Mc- Coy's Water Lifter, patent hose coupling and other specialties, and do all kinds of machine repairing. He has a large practical experience as a machinist, and they are building up a very nice trade. In 1884 Mr. Mann married Miss Todd, a native of Virginia. He has two chil- dren, AVilliam A. and Ada Inez, by his former wife. Mr. Mann is a member of the A. O. U. W., Select Knights. fOHN McLaughlin, rancher, etc., near The Palms, was born in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, in 1889. His father was George McLaughlin, of Scotch origin, and a native of Maryland. He was a farmer and stock-raiser in Pennsylvania for many years. Our subject and a broiher went to Kansas when he -was nineteen years of age, and for sixteen years was in the stock business in Douglas County. He was married there in 1860, to Miss Mary Riggs, a native of Kentucky. In the fall of 1875 Mr. McLaughlin came to Los Angeles County and located two miles east of Cumpton. Then he bought 320 acres on the Gird Ranch, which is on Washington street, just south of Los Angeles. Here he engaged in the dairy business for several years, when he sold out and bought 100 acres where he now lives. This ranch he has improved, and has erected a beautiful residence and made bis yards and grounds most inviting. He also owns a dairy near Norwalk, and keeps a full line of Holstein and Jersey cattle. At present he is farming about 640 acres of land in addition to his other interests. Mr. McLaughlin is an in- dustrious, enterprising man, and a highly re- spected citizen, an intelligent supporter of the Prohibition party, and a conscientious Christian gentleman. N. NEWM ARK, grain dealer in Comp- ton and at Bunwell Station, also doing ' a good livery business in Compton, is one of Los Angeles County's most enterprising and successful young men. In the grain busi- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES GOUNTT. ness he has a storage capacity of 200,000 sacks. Mr. Newmark is a native of Prussia, Germany. He came to San Francisco in 1868, was in at- tendance for ten months at the Cosmopolitan School, and subsequently came to Los Angeles, where for two years he was in the wholesale grocery business with Newmark & Co. He then came to Compton and became associated in business with S. Grant, under the iiriii name of S. Grant & Co. In 1878 this partnership was dissolved, the senior member going back to Europe, and Mr. Newmark continuing the en- terprise in his own name until 1886. Since then he has given almost his exclusive attention to the grain business, but is also interested to some extent in insurance. He has been suc- cessful in his real-estate transactions, and owns several lots in Compton, besides a whole busi- ness block and tiie livery barn and grounds- He also owns several houses and lots in Los Angeles, where it is his intention to reside in the future, but will have an oifice in Compton. Li 1880 he married Miss Jessie Malott, of Compton, and a daughter of William M. and Lucy Malott, a sketch of whose lives appears elsewhere in this work. Mr. Newmark has a high social standing in the Masonic fraternity, the L O. O. F., and the A. O. U. W., at Comp- ton. His residence will be on Louisiana avenue, Boyle Heights, in the city of Los Angeles. •^^^^^^ fAN JACINTO LIME & LUMBER COM- PANY, East First street, Los Angeles, was established here in August, 1888. The quarries of the company are located at San Jacinto, San Diego County, and the lime is all manufactured there. It is of a superior quality, and has an established reputation among the contractors and builders, and at certain seasons of the year the company have been unable to supply the demand. Mr. T. O'Shea, the agent and manager of the business of the company here, is an old contractor and builder of large experience and is thoroughly familiar with all kinds of building materials, his father being a contractor and builder. He is a native of Ireland and was born October 20, 1837. He came to America in 1856, and to the Pacific Coast in 1859, following a seafaring life for five years, and going on whaling expeditions as far north as Point Barrow. After his return, he gave up following the sea. During the war he enlisted and served in the Ninety-fifth Regiment, Penn- sylvania Volunteer Infantry. Afterward he located in Chicago and remained there until 1886, in which year he came to Los Angeles. His residence is 117 AValnut avenue. fAMES ORR. — Prominent among the stock- raisers of Los Angeles County is to be found the gentleman with whose name we begin this sketch. On his farm near Compton may be seen some of the finest thoroughbred horses west of the Rocky Mountains, and also cattle of a high grade. Mr. Orr came to this county March 17, 187-1, and his success and wealth prove the earnestness of his labors, and the wisdom and foresight with which he has conducted his business aifairs. He is a native of County Antrim, Ireland, born August 10, 1844, and is the son of James and Mary Orr. His mother is stiH living in the Emerald Isle. August 14, 1884, Mr. Orr was united in marriage to Miss Nannie Davidson, a native of Missouri, and of German origin. Mr. Orr has a pleasant home, and together they rejoice over the advent of a beautiful child, Lola. ..^.. WILLIAM OSBORN, manufacturer and dealer in harness and saddlery, Aliso street, Los Angeles, was born in New York State, October 30, 1835. His parents re- moved to Illinois during his early boyhood. Upon reaching manhood he came to California by way of the Isthmus of Panama, in 1855, began working in the mines, and continued for HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. three years, then came to Los Angeles and en- born in 1766, and had four wives. He first gaged in freighting to Owens River, Arizona, married Ann Polk, in 1788, and by her had and Utali. After continuing the business for three cliildren: Willia.^i Polk, born in 1790; some years, he sold out to tlie Cerro (xordo John White, in 1792; and Sarah, the mother Freighting Company. In March, 1877, he es- tablished his present business in an old adobe building where Baker's Block now stands. From Main street he removed to Spring street, be- tween Second and Third, and from there to his own property on the corner of Fifth and Hill streets. In 1883 he removed^ to his present loca- tion. He has a large acquaintance with freight- ing men, and manufactures most of tlie heavy truck harness for all the companies. He has a large and commodious shop, and employs eight to ten hands, and has a well-established trade. He has held the office of county road commis- sioner, supervisor and member of the board of council men. In 1868 Mr. Osborn married Miss Rosetta Baldwin, a native of San Bernardino. They have two cliildren: Rosetta and George Arlington. ;ILLIAM VICKREY, President of the East Side Bank, of Los Angeles, one of the city's most substantial and highly respected business men, was born in what is now Franklin, then Dearborn, County, Indiana, in 1834. He is one of a family of seven children, three sons and four daughters, of Solomon and Sarah (Goslen) Vickrey, both of whom were de- scended from English parentage. Mr. Vickrey traces his ancestry, on his mother's side, back to John Goslen and Ann, his wife, who came from Europe to America in an emigrant ship that landed at the old seaport town of Lewistown, near Cape Henlopen, earlj' in the seventeenth century. He took up lands on the peninsula of Delaware and Eastern Maryland, about central, and on the line of both States. Nothing is known of their heirs except that they had one son, Waitinan, born in 1726. He married Sarah White in 1747, and to them were born one son and eight daughters. The son, Waitman, Jr., was of the suliject of this sketch, in 1794. In 1798 he married Margeret Causey, by whom he had one son, Robert, born in 1799. By hie third wife, nee Mary Shanks, he had one son, Henry, born in 1804; and by his fourth wife, nee Rebecca Collins, he had a daughter, Eme- line, born in 1811. Waitman Goslen, Jr., be- ing the only son, inherited by lawful entailment all the landed estate and negroes, lived like other colonial aristocrats and entertained in princely style. He served in the Revolutionary war; was also a Captain in the war of 1812. In 1820, while enjoying life, and past middle age, he endorsed heavily for a friend, by which trans- action he lost his broad acres. This so saddened and maddened him that he converted his movable property into money, took a trusted servant and his eldest son, William P., and his wife, and went into the far South, where he lived and prospered for twenty years, and where, about 1843, he was robbed and murdered for his money by river thieves, at his steamboat landing, on the Mis- sissippi, near Memphis, Tennessee. His son William died there, leaving three children, William, John and Ann, of whom nothing is known. John W. Goslen, son of Waitman Gos- len, Jr., died near Bridgeville, Delaware, Janu- ary 6, 1845, leaving four daughters, all of whom, with their descendants, are representative peo- ple. Sarah Goslen, daughter of Waitman Gos- len, Jr., married Solomon Vickrey, and went - into the then far West, Indiana, and there, as already stated, the subject of this sketch was born. Mr. Vickrey's paternal ancestors also came from England and settled in what is now the State of Delaware, early in the seventeenth century. His grandfather, Waitman Vickrey, reared his family and spent the rest of his life there. Solomon Vickrey, on attaining his ma- jority, left the parental home, went West in 1818, and engaged in flat-boating on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, between Cincinnati and UISTORl' OF LOS AtfOBLES COUNTY. New Orleans, transporting beef, pork and other products to the Southern metropolis, for con- sumption in the cotton-growing States. After pursuing that business two or three years, Mr. Vickrey went back to his native State and mar- ried Miss Goslen, about 1820. Returning West with his young bride, he resumed the boating business in company with his brother, Thomas Vickrey. During the prevalence of cholera, in 1822, his brother Thomas was taken with it on their way down the Mississippi River, with a fleet of seven boats, in what was then known as the Arkansas Territory. The authorities forbade them to proceed further, and also prohibited them from landing, and the boat they were in was landed on a sand bar in the river and the rest uf the fleet burned by the authorities. After Thomas died, his brother Solomon was comijelled to bury his body on the bar, and abandon the boat and cargo. He walked back to Cincinnati, and thus lost about everything he had made in the business in the four or five years previous. After remaining a short time in Cincinnati, he moved to the then new State of Indiana, and settled near Brookville, one of the oldest towns in tliat State Soon after the birth of William, his parents removed to McLean County, Illinois, and settled near Bloomington. Young Vickrey was there reared on his father's farm, and, soon after reaching his majority, went down into Montgomery County, and there, in 1861, married Miss Sarah L. Caimon, daughter of William and Catherine Cannon, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of South Carolina. Mr. Cannon was one of the pioneers of Illinois, and afterward one of the most prom- inent and favorably known citizens of the south- ern parti of that State. Mr. Vickrey carried on fanning while in Illinois. In 1872 he moved to Newton, Kansas, then the terminus of the Atch- ison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, and engaged in mercantile business. The following year, with others, he organized and opened the Harvey County Savings Bank, of which he was vice- president seven years, until he sold his interest in 1880, in order to seek a milder climate. That year he removed to Crawford County, Arkansas, and settled in thecounty seat. Van Bu- ren. He there established the Crawford County Bank. It did a very prosperous business from its opening, l)ut the prevalence of malarious dis- ease in that locality, with which Mr. Vickrey's family were attacked, caused him to sell out the bank about a year later, and decide to come to California. He and his family arrived in Los Angeles in March, 1881, and have resided in that city ever since. For several years he did not engage in any settled business, but was prominently connected with several enterprises of both private and public character, among them the organizing of the company and estab- lishing the Rosedale Cemetery, of which he was president a number of years, and took personal charge of the improvements. In the spring of 1887 he organized and opened the East Side Bank, of which he is president, and which, under his judicious management, is enjoying a very prosperous business career. Mr. and Mrs. Vick- rey have a family of six children, five sons and one daughter, whose names in the order of their ages, are as follows: Otield A., steadily engaged in business; Brenton Lee, the oldest teller in the Los Angeles National Bank; Chaun- cey Waitman, actively employed in business; L'Dora Cecil, a graduate of the State Normal School; Berton Ellsworth and Neal B., attending the city schools. During the year 1888 Mr. Vickrey erected the handsome five-story brick block on North Main street, which bears his name. It is 60 x 100 feet in size, and one of the finest business buildings in the city. He also owns several other pieces of valuable city property. fEORGE OSBORNE, one of the young and enterprising tillers of the soil and substan- tial stock-raisers near Long Beach, is a pioneer of 1880, having located on his present farm in July of that year. When first coming to the Golden State he was employed by a fanner near Florence, working there as a day laborer. HISTORy OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. He soon after purchased a piece of land of his own in New River district. This he subse- quently sold, and went into the real-estate busi- ness in Los Angeles. Here he continued tor two years and then bought the sixty- three acres upon which he now resides. Mr. Osborne was born in New York City iu 1854, and is the son of John and Ellen Osborne, both natives of tiie Emerald Isle. His father was a chandler by trade. In 1859 he went to Portage County, Wisconsin, where he was killed by the caving in of a well. The subject of this sketch was married in June, 1888, to Miss Maggie Ferris, of Portland, Maine, and a daughter of John Ferris, who was drowned in 1882. Both Mr. and Mrs. Osborne arc consistent members of the Presbyterian Church. fM. PERRY, Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Los Angeles County, was ® born at Franklin, Pennsylvania, May 12, 1836. During his childhood his parents re- moved to Ohio, and in that State the subject of this sketch was reared and received hiseducation. After reaching manhood he came to tlie Pacific Coast, in 1859. Some years later he returned to the Eastern States and engaged in business, remaining there until 1874, when he again came to the Pacific Coast. This time he located per- manently in Los Angeles, and two years later he established his present business on Arcadia street. Mr. Perry removed to his present loca- tion on Main street in 1884, and has a large and commodious store. He has a large shop on East Fourth street, which is the manufacturing de- partment of his e.\tensive business, and where all the mechanical work is done. He has had a large experience in scientific sanitary plumb- ing in all the latest and most approved methods, and has a large established trade. Mr. Perry has been twice elected a member of the city council, and was chosen chairman of the board of public works, holding that position during one term. In the fall of 1888 he was elected a member of the bjard of supervisors. The nomination and election was entirely unsought on his part and he was electel by the large ma- jority of ()00 over the Democratic and Prohi- bition candidates, and upon the organization of the board he was elected president. He enjoys an enviable reputation for his ability and integ- rity as a public officer. In Decembjr, 1868, Mr. Perry was united in marriage to Miss Htttie S. Sargent, a native of Ohio. They have six children, three sons and three daughters. PENJAMIN FRANKLIN ORR was bjrn at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in 1836, his parents being William and Mary (Adams) Orr. His father was an undertaker, and to that business young Orr was reared and assisted his father until 1858, when, coming to California, he engaged in raining in the gold region of So- noma and Tuolumne counties until 1861. After making a prospecting tour through Southern California, he located at San Francisjo, and was there employed as an upholsterer until 1865. He then came to Los Angeles, where, in 1867, he became associated with V. Ponet in under- taking, as Ponet & Orr. In 1885 the firm was changed to Orr & Sutch, Mr. Ponet being suc- ceeded by W. H. Sutch. Mr. Orr was married in 1868, at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, to Miss Rebecca Piatt, daughter of James B. Piatt, of that place. She is a native of Pittsburg, Penn- sylvania. To them have been born two children, Virginia, a student of Los Angeles College, in the class of 1889, and Elsie. Mr. Orr is a mem- ber of Pentalpha Lodge, No. 202, F. & A. M., and of Tricolor Lodge, No. 96, K. of P., both of Los Angeles. ^ B. PHILP, of the firm of liaben & Phiip, ^m\ nianufacturers of galvanized iron cornices ^M^ and metal roofing, sky-lights, etc.. No. 116 South Los Angeles street, was born in Can- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ada, January 29, 1849. He attended school and learned his trade there, and upon reaching man- hood went to Rochester, New York, in 1869, and worked at his trade there, in New York City and in Utica. Then he went to Iowa, Nebraska and Colorado, and returned to Ontario, Canada, and lived in Hamilton three years, and after spending two years in Texas returned to Canada and remained live years. He then went to British Columbia and to Manitoba and spent a year or two in each place, after which he came here and worked at his trade until 1887, when he associated with his present partner and established the business they now conduct. By close attention tc the details of their business and the honorable methods they employ, they are building up a line trade. Mr. Philp was married November 1, 1888, to Miss Emma Wil- son, a native of Canada. ^-^--^^ fOHN H. PURKINS.— The subject of this sketch was born in Licking County, Ohio, May 27, 1820. His father, John Furkins, was a native of Virginia, and a descendant of one of the old Colonial families, and was a soldier of the Revolution. He was one of the ])ioneers of Ohio, and served in the war of 1812, under General Jackson. He died in 1829. Mr. Pur- kins's mother was nee Sarah Hatfield, a native of Kentucky. Mr. Purkins was reared on his father's farm until the death of his father, and when but ten years old was placed on board the school-ship Gold Hunter, in New York Har- bor, to receive an education fitting hitn for the merchant sea service. At the age of sixteen years he passed his examination, and took em- ployment as a trader on a voyage to the South Sea Islands. This voyage lasted until 1843. In that year he returned to Ohio, where he re- mained until 1844, and then shipped upon a whaling voyage for three years. After complet- ing that voyage he was engaged at his calling upon the Lakes until 1852. He then engaged in farming and other pursuits, locating in Ohio, Illinois, Missouri and Nebraska until the break- ing out of the Rebellion. Early in 1861 he enlisted in the Fourteenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, serving with that regiment until after the battle of Athens, Missouri. Ho was then transferred to the Ninth Iowa Volunteer Cav- alry, and was commissioned as First Lieutenant of Company G. He served throughout the campaign in the field until he was severely wounded at the battle of Pea Ridge, in 1862. In the fall of that year he received his discharge from the service by reason of disability, M-ent to Idaho and was there engaged in prospecting, and later in packing and freighting, and also established a trading station at Buena Vista Bar. He was successful in his enterprises and became interested in mining enterprises and in erecting mills, etc. Many of tiiese investments resulted in failures, and Mr. Purkins sought other fields of adventure and fortune. In 1865 he went to Alaska and tried his fortunes in the Stikeen mines. After a trial of five months, his health failing him, he abandoned his pros- pects and returned to Oregon. There he pur- chased a band of horses and drove them to Sonoma County, California. After selling off his stock he engaged in the lumber business in Russian River Valley until 1869, and then transferred his business to Mendocino County. He conducted business in that county imtil 1872. In that year he located in Butte County and, in addition to his lumber business there, was the proprietor and landlord of the well-known '-Ten- Mile House," located on the Bidwell and Hum- boldt road, ten miles from Chico. In 1876 he sold out his interests in that county and, after a short stay in Sonoma County, came to Los Angeles County, locating at San Dimas, and in the spring of 1877 engaged in the wood busi- ness in the Dalton Canon. In 1878 Mr. Pur- kins purchased a claim of forty-seven acres of land located about three miles south of Glen- dora. Like many of the early settlers of that place, he spent years in contesting the claims of the Azusa grant-holders, and the Southern Pa- cific Railroad Company, and finally secured his HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. ->^ patent for twenty-three acres. In 1888 he sold ten and a half acres of his land to William S. Ruddock, and then commenced a more complete improvement of tlie remaining portion, upon which he erected a well-ordered residence, etc. He has four acres of citrus and deciduous fruits, embracing a large variety' of such as are success- fully cultivated in his section. He also has seven acres in strawberries. Mr. Parkins has had an experience in life that few men pass through, covering a period of nearly fifty years, with many thrilling adventures on land and sea, and he is now content to pass his remaining years under his own vine and fig tree, in the beautiful section he has chosen for iiis residence. He is a liberal and progressive citizen, taking an interest in all that pertains to the welfare and building up of the San Gabriel Valley. In politics he is Democratic and is conservative in his views. In 1868 Mr. Parkins married Miss Hannah E. Shuler, a native of Iowa. She is the daughter of John and Margery (Weed) Shuler, well-known residents of Sonoma County. The names of the six children from this mar- riage are: Marjory E., John Henry, Clara Ernil}', Georgia A., Guy Leroy and Homer L. JLLIAM E. PARKER was born in lirazos, Texas, in 1847. His father, .— PTj William II. Parker, was born in 1807, iu Xorth Carolina, and when about ten years of age accompanied his parents to Soutli Carolina, where he was reared and educated. He tliere married Miss Elizabeth J. Siske, and about 1832 moved to Missouri, where he remained until 1845, and then located in Brazos, Texas. The mother of the subject of this sketch died in Texas in 1847. In 1850 his father came to California and was in the United States Govern- ment employ for two years. He then returned to Texas, and in 1854 brought liis family over- laud to California and located in San Diego County. The following are the names of the children comprising that family: Andrew Jack- son, now (1889) a resident of Tulare County; Martha, now Mrs. William Ross, of Kern County; Jeanetta, now Mrs. Moses Hale, also of Keru County; Narcissa, wife of John Key, of Los Angeles, and William E., the subject of this sketch. In 1855 Mr. Parker, Sr., moved his family to Los Angeles County, and located about one mile south of El Monte, and there engaged in farming until 1875, when he took up his residence in the Green Meadow District, about six miles from Los Angeles, and remained tliere until his deatii, whicii occurred in March, 1889. Tiie subject of this sketch was reared to farm life, receiving his education in the public schools at El Monte. He remained upon his father's farm until 1870, and then located in Tulare County, where he engaged in stock-growing and general farming. In 1876 he returned to Los Angeles County, and took up his residence at Green Meadows, remaining there until 1880, when he located at Downey, where he resided until 1888. In that year he came to the Azusa and purchased a twenty-acre tract, on Citrus avenue, and entered into horticultural pursuits. After spending four years in improving that place he sold the same in 1887, and purchased fifteen acres about two miles south of Azusa, upon which he is now residing. With the ex- ception of a fiimily orchard of citrus and decidu- ous fruits, Mr. Parker is devoting his land to berry cultivation and general farming. It is his intention in the near future to plant the whole tract with citrus fruits. In addition to his home place, Mr. Parker is devoting considerable at- tention to farming and grain-raising upon rented lands. Mr. Parker is a farmer by profession, and is thoroughly schooled in his calling. Of energetic and industrious habits, lie has achieved a fair success in his enterprises. In 1887 and 1888 he acted as the water overseer of his dis- trict. In politics he is Democratic. In 1870 Mr. Parker married Miss Frances S. Bohannan, the daughter of John P. and Ella (Ramsay) Bohannan. Her parents were natives of Illi- nois, who located iti Texas, and in 1869 came to Los Angeles County. From the marriage of HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUHITT. Mr. and Mrs. Parker there are seven children, whose names are as follows: Laura F., William P., James, Harry, Walter, Edmond and Ueorge v., all of whom are members of their father's household. • — •'^^^'^W^^'^ — fOTHAM BIXBY is a native of Norridge- wock, Maine, where he was born January 20, 1831. His ancestors emigrated from Massachusetts to Maine, but originally came from England. His father, Amasa Bixby, had ten children, eight sons and two daughters, all of whom, except two sons (deceased), now reside in California. The subject of this sketch came to California via Cape Horn in 1852. He worked awhile in the mines in the central part of the State. Afterward, in 1857, he went into the wool and sheep business, first in Monte- rey County, and then in San Luis Obispo County, where he remained till 1866, when he came to Los Angeles, having in 1865 bought of John Temple the rancho of Los Cerritos of 27,- 000 acres. This rancho, which lies east of the San Gabriel River and fronts on the ocean, in- cludes the present towns of Long Beach and Clearwater. Mr. Bixby has been engaged in the stock business on this ranch ever since its purchase. The company with which he is con- nected has also bought 17,000 acres of the Palos Verdes Rancho, and a one-third interest in Los Alamitos of 26,000 acres, and 6,000 acres in the ranciio of Santiago de Santa Ana. Some years his company used to have on the Cerritos as many as 30,000 head of sheep, producing 200,- 000 pounds of wool annually. At present the company raise more cattle and horses than sheep. Tliey have now about 30,000 head of cattle. The names of Mr. Bixby's brothers are: Amos (editor Long Beach Journal), Marcel! us, Lewellyn, Henry H. and George F. His sisters are Miss Francina A. Bixby and Mrs. Nancy D. Lovett, widow of Hon. William E. Lovett, deceased. In 1863 Jothani Bixby married Mar- garet Winslow Hathaway, daughter of Rev. George W. Hathaway, a resident of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Bixby have live children, three boys and two girls. The eldest son, George H., graduated from Yale College in 1886; he is married and lives at Long Beach, and is already an active assistant in the management of his father's extensive business. The next son, Harry, is in New Haven, preparing to enter Yale Col- lege. The Bixbys are good representatives of the better class of New England families. They have much force of character; they are firm in their moral convictions; they believe in honesty and integrity in their dealings with their neighlsors; they believe there is sncli a thing as a moral government in the universe, and they seek to become good citizens under that government. Believing in such a creed, it goes without saying, that they are respected in the community in which they live. fOSEPH S. PHILLIPS.— The subject of this sketch is the founder of Covina, Azusa Township, and is one of the representative and well-known citizens of that section. Mr. Piiillips was born near Cleveland, Ohio, in 1840. His parents, Samuel S. and Anna (Foubs) Phil- lips, were natives of Pennsylvania. In 1850 his father commenced his movement westward, first locating in Illinois, then in Wisconsin, and going to Iowa in 1854 and engaging in farming in Howard and Clayton counties. Mr. Phillips was reared to agricultural pursuits upon tiie great prairies of the West, until 1860. In that 3'ear he came via the Isthmus route to Cali- fornia, and shortly after his arrival located in San Joaquin County, where he was engaged in farming and stock-growing until 1864. Hetlien established his residence in Stockton and for the next three years was engaged in general broker- age and real-estate business. In 1867 he located in Stanislaus County and for many years was largely engaged in grain-raising. He owned 1,000 acres in that county, but he also rented adjoining lands and often sowed and iiarvested HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 5,000 acres of grain in a season. As an illus- tration of his practical method of fanning it may be stated that in 1S76 he plowed, sowed and harvested 4,400 acres, which yielded a large crop of grain, this work all being done with a force of only four men besides himself. Mr. Phillips continued his farming operations in Stanislaus County until 1880, when he came to Los Angeles County and established his resi- dence in Los Angeles. There he entered into manufacturing, and, in connection with A. L. Bath, established the well-known plow manu- factory of Bath & Phillips, the lirst gang plows made in Los Angeles County being manufactured by this firm. In 1882 Mr. Phillips severed his connection with the firm, and purchased 2,000 acres of land, the northern portion of the old Puente grant, and again turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, taking up his residence upon his purchase and engaging in hay and grain raising, farming his own and about 1,500 acres of rented lands. In 1885 he laid out the town of Covina, and was one of the most active men of his section in inducing the settlement of that fine section of the county. He was one of the prime movers in incorporating the Azusa AVater Development and Irrigation Company, and was a large stockholder in the company. From 1883 to 1889 he was the superintendent of the company, and had the direction of putting in the magnificent system of ditches that have made the lands of the old Aznsa and Covina section available for fruit and vine cultivation. Over twenty miles of cement ditches were con- structed under his direction. Eigjit miles of the main ditch are capable of conveying a supply of 5,000 inches, while fourteen miles of the ditch have a capacity of from 300 to 800 inches. Mr. Phillips is now the owner of 500 acres of some of the choicest land in his section. Forty acres are devoted to a fine variety of Muscat and White Malaga raisin grapes, thirty acres to cit- rus fruits, mostly Washington Navel oranges, five acres to apricots, and he also has a fine family orchard, producing a large variety of fruits of the most approved order. He has also on his lands a large nursery stock consisting of about 500,000 citrus fruits. 250,000 olive trees, and a large stock of peaches, nectarines, apricots, etc. The rest of his land is devoted to general fanning. Mr. Phillips is an energetic and pro- gressive citizen, aiding and taking the lead in any enterprise that has so wonderfully developed his section. It is to such men that the remark- able development in the last few years of the San Gabriel Valley is due. Although not a politician, he has always taken an intelligent in- terest in the political questions of the day, and has cast his influence with the Republican party. In 1865 Mr. Phillips was united in marriage with Miss Mary Madden, a native of Virginia. She died in 1878, leaving the following named children: Annie, George and Gracie. In 1880 he married Miss Cornelia Hunt, the daughter of David Hunt, a veteran of the Mexican war, and well-known pioneer of California. From 1851 to 1853 Mr. Hunt was sheriif of Sacra- mento County, and later was the well-known proprietor of the International Hotel in San Francisco. Her mother was nee Cornelia Beazely, and both her parents were natives of Tennessee. From this marriage there are five children: Laura H., Gladys I., Joseph Dexter, Francis N. and Elizabeth H. H. In 1870 Mr. Phillips's father came to California and estab- lished his residence in Stanislaus County, re- maining there until his death, which occurred in 1885. ^, • i > »&..!.. A. $ : j^ fENERAL WILLIAM A. PILE, deceased, was one of the prominent citizens of Mon- rovia, with which city he was identified from its foundation until his death, and he ever took a deep interest in its growth and prosperity. General Pile was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1829, son of Jacob and Comfort (Williams) Pile. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother of Tennessee. In 1831 his father moved to Illinois and located at Quincy, Adajns County, and was one of the pioneers of HISTORY OF LOS ANOELBS COUNTY. that place. His occupation was that of a farmer, to which calling the subject of this sketch was reared. In his youth General Pile received but a limited education, but his energetic tempera- ment and ambitions nature led him to overcome these defects, educate himself and become a teacher. Early in life he became a member of the Methodist Church, and, by a course of theo- logical study, prepared himself for the ministry in that church. In 1854 he moved to Iowa, and soon thereafter was ordained as a minister of his chosen church. In 1860 he established his residence in St. Louis, where he was installed as pastor of a congregation, and settled down to what he supposed would be his life's work. At the outbreak of the war of the Rebellion, on the day when the first rebel shot hurled from Charleston fired every loyal heart, he closed his church and immediately entered the army of the United States as a Chaplain. He did not officiate in that capacity, but obtained a position upon the staff of General Lyon and participated in the battles of Booneville and Wilson's Creek. In these battles, by his gallantry and soldierly bearing, he acquired the title of the " fighting parson," and gave indisputable proof that his position in the army was not to be that of Chap- lain. He was appointed and commissioned as Captain in the First Missouri Artillery, and en- tered into active service as a Battery Commander. His fighting qualities and conspicuous gallantry soon gained him recognition, and promotion rapidly followed. He served with distinction throughout the war, and his military record is worthy of mention. The following are the suc- cessive commissions he M'on during that strug- gle: Was commissioned Captain of First Mis- souri Artillery, in September, 1861; Lieutenant- Colonel of the Thirty-third Missouri Infantry, September 6, 1862; Colonel of the Thirty-third Missouri Infantry, December 23, 1862; Briga- dier-General of the United States Volunteers, December 26, 1863; and finally, brevetted Major-General of the United States Volunteers for " conspicuous gallantry " at the battle of Fort Blakely, April 9, 1865. The General earned every step of his promotion upon the field of battle. Among the most important engage- ments in which he took an active part during the war, are the following battles: Booneville, Wilson's Creek, Island No. 10, siege of Corinth; he commanded a division in the advance on Mobile in the spring of 1865, during which he was engaged in the battles of Pollard, Mitchell's Fork, and the siege and capture of P'ort Blakely. August 24, 1865, General Pile was mustered out of the service. He returned to St. Louis and was nominated for Congress by the Repub- licans of the First Congressional District of Missouri, and was elected after one of the most bitter and exciting campaigns that ever occurred in the State, carrying a district in which no Republican has been elected before or since. In Congress he did good service as a legislator and distinguished himself by intelligence, industry and faithful devotion to duty. In December, 1869, he was appointed by President Grant Governor of New Mexico. He served two years in that capacity and was then sent to South America as Minister Resident of the United States, to the Republic of Venezuela. In Octo- ber, 1873, he resigned that position, and in con- nection with Governor Cornell, of New York, and other prominent gentlemen of that State, estal)lished an enterprise for the navigation of the Orinoco River and other Venezuelan waters. Subsequently he accepted from the Government of Venezuela the position of Counsel of the Government and General Agent of the State and War Departments, the office of Minister Plenipotentiary having been oflPered him and declined because, as a citizen of the United States he could not hold that office from a for- eign power, and he would not become a citizen of Venezuela. For' several years he managed, in that capacity, with perfect success the diplo- matic relations of that country with the United States and with the Netherlands. In 1878 he successfully argued the matter of the awards of the mixed commission between the United States and Venezuela, before the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the United States House of HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Itepresentatives. While in Venezuela the Gen- eral inaugurated and successfully completed the building of the La Guaira & Caracas Rail- road. This road, running through the Andes, is one of the wonders of railroad construction. For twenty-one miles it has an average grade of 147 feet to the mile. In 1884 General Pile re- turned to the United States and entered into manufacturing enterprises in New York; but his long years of active life and arduous labors had wrought their effect upon his naturally vig- orous constitution, and he was compelled to re- "tire from active business pursuits and seek a genial climate. In 1886 he came to California and established his residence at Monrovia. He purchased a ten-acre tract on the southwest corner of Mayflower and Banana avenues, upon which he erected one of the most beautiful resi- dences in Monrovia. It was impossible for a man of the General's energetic and active dis- position to remain idle. He therefore devoted himself to horticultural pursuits. His land was rapidly improved and planted with a choice va- riety of citrus and deciauous fruits, and his grounds beautified by ornamental trees, rich floral productions, etc. He also had a fifty-acre tract, two miles south of Monrovia, which he devoted to wine grapes of the Bleauelbe variety. And he also had property interests in the busi- ness portion of the city. He was a director of the Granite Bank of Monrovia. At the time of his death he was at the head of the city govern- ment, being president of the board of city trustees. He was a supporter of schools and churches, and was a trustee of the Methodist Church of Monrovia. The General always took a deep interest in the growth and prosperity of his chosen city and was a strong supporter of any enterprise that tended to advance its inter- ests. In political matters he was a stanch Re- publican, and took a prominent part in the councils of the party. He was an able orator and a statesman, and could not always decline to use his influence as a speaker during the po- litical campaigns, and upon the few occasions on which he appeared as a political speaker in Southern California he gained high encomiums from his adherents and the respect of his politi- cal opponents. General File was married in 1850 to Miss Hannah Cain, a native of Ohio. There are three children living from this mar- riage: Lulu, now (1889) Mrs. E. W. Little, of Monrovia; Alice E., now Mrs. Henry Ludlam, of Los Angeles; and William E., also a resident of Los Angeles. General Pile was a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities, and also of the Grand Army of the Republic. His death occurred at Monrovia, July 7, 1889, after a brief illness. As a soldier, orator, statesman and citizen he had an enviable reputation. He was well known in Los Angeles County and throughout Southern California as well. His sterling qualities and consistent course of life gained him a large circle of friends, by whom his death was sincerelv mourned. fA. PREUSS, Postmaster of Los Angeles, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, in * 1850, and was but a child when his par- ents removed with him to Louisville, Kentucky, where he grew up to the years of manhood. In 1861 he was apprenticed to learn the drug trade, which he thoroughly learned and followed until about four years ago. In 1868 he came, to Cal- ifornia, arriving first at San Francisco. Shortly afterward he came to Los Angeles, where he en- tered into business for himself and with others. In 1875 he formed a partnership with John Schu- macher, and afterward with C. B. Prioni, under the firm name of Preuss & Prioni. He sold out his interest in the drug trade in September, 1885. In June, 1887, he was appointed postmaster, and took charge of the office August 1, following. The postoffice was then on North Main street, nearly opposite the Baker Block, in a room which is now occupied by F. W. Braun & Co. as a drug store. The postoffice was moved to its present place on Fort street, near Si.\th, October 1, 1888. Mr. Preuss is a Democrat in his political views; is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of HISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. several other societies. Was one of the charter members of the Turn Verein, which was or- ganized in 1870; is also one of the charter meinbers of the Los Angeles Athletic Club, and was president of that institution for about six years. In 1877 Mr. Prenss married a daughter of John Schumacher, his former partner in busi- ness, and now has one son, eleven years of age. fDWARD T. PIERCE, of Pasadena, was born at Meredith Square, March 19, 1851. He was the eldest of eleven children, ten boys and otie girl. When he was eight years old his father, J. W. Pierce, purchased in Ham- den, the same county, a farm, most of which was primeval forest. The summers were spent clear- ing land and farming, and the winters in attend- ing the district school until he was seventeen years old. Among his companions he was noted for iiis studious habits, and Elder Post, a Baptist clergyman of the place, who gave him access to his library, said, "That boy just devoured my books!" After one term at an academy, 1868, he commenced teaching; and for two years worked on the farm summers, teaching winters. This thirst for more knowledge caused him to save the pennies until he could enter the Albany State Normal School, where he graduated with honor in 1872. Immediately after graduating he was appointed principal of the school in Orangeville, New York, which position he held for nearly two years, resigning to take a more important one at Linden, New Jersey. He re- mained for two years and a half at Linden, and then took a special course in the Albany Law School, receiving, in 1877, the degree of LL. B. The same year he was married to Isabelle Woodin, of Dutchess County, New York, also a grad- uate of the Albany Normal School. Teaching was the profession of both members of the new firm, and Prof. Pierce became principal of the graded school at Belleville, New Jersey, where he was ably assisted by his wife. The aid in the school and wise counsels of this true woman have done much to help Prof. Pierce to his present prominent position as an educator. For four years these co-laborers were ranked first among the educators of Essex County, New Jer- sey; but the cold winters of the Atlantic Coast were trying, and in 1881 they came to California, Prof. Pierce purchasing a ranch at Sierra Madro, California. But the spirit of teaching could not be suppressed, and in 1883 Mr. Pierce accepted the position of principal of the Wilson School, then the only school of Pasadena. The next year new schools were established and the ofKce of superintendent was added to that of principal.' In this rapidly increasing population of cultivated people from all parts of the world. Prof. Pierce in six years succeeded in building up the finest school system in Southern California. He was several years a member of the Los Angeles County Board of Education and for his energy and devotion to his profession is considered one of the best educators south of San Francisco. March, 1889, he was unanimously elected by the board of trustees as principal of the new State Normal School at Chico, Butte County, California. By virtue of this office he is one of the five mem- bers forming the State Board of Education, and has a voice in all the great educational problems of the State. ■^^% ^^- R. PHELPS, contractor, 418 South Main Street, Los Angeles, was born in * the city of Mil waukee, Wisconsin, March 17, 1859. His parents, George D. and Jennie (Holling) Phelps, were natives of New York State, and are both living in Chicago. They re- moved there from Milwaukee in 1863, and the subject of this sketch learned his trade there; was engaged in building for saveral years. He came to Southern California in 1882. Locating in Los Angeles, he engaged in building, and since then has carried on the business here. Among the edifices he has erected here are the Ellis College, Miller's Block, Jones's Block, Em- body Warehouse and many others. During the UI8T0BT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. boom ill real estate, lie was fortunate in securing some good property and realized a good advance. Mr. Phelps married Miss Laura Graeter. Her parents, Europe and Elizabeth (Asbell) Graeter, were among the earliest settlers in Oregon. Her father served in the Mexican war, holding a Cap- tain's commission. He died in 1872. Her mother is living in Santa Rosa. She has five daughters and one son living. Mr. and Mrs. Phelps have one daughter, Grace Lillian. fN. PEGG, proprietor of the Evergreen Nursery, Boyle Heights, was born in <» Columbus, Ohio, March 28, 1840. He received a good common-school education, and after the breaking out of the Rebellion he en- listed in the Fifty eighth Regiment Ohio Vol- unteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. Returning to Ohio, he remained there until 1875, then spent three years in Colorado, and in 1878 came to California and spent two years in San Francisco and one year in Arizona, and finally came to Los Angeles, where he has been connected with the nursery business. He was manager of the Boyle Heights Nursery from 1884 until 1888, then started the Evergreen Nursery, giving special attention to the growth of Monterey cypress, hedge plants, Grevilla ])lants, eucalyptus, palms and other ornamental varieties of shade trees, and propagating them from the seed. His success in cultivating them is owing to his practical methods. The demand for his stock is greater than he can supply. Be- sides his nursery lands, he owns other property. Mr. Pegg belongs to the Grand Army, Frank Bartlett Post. • ="'^ •?*''-f-*^* • '"^ fOHN R. PROSISE, residing on farm lot 104 of the American Colony tract of the Cerritus Ranch, has been connected with the aftairs of this county since the year 1882. He is a native of the Prairie State, born in 1836, and is the son of William and Vienna (Oamron) Prosise, natives respectively of Kentucky and Illinois. They bad a family of iive children, two of whom are living. The father died in 1844, and the widow married Henry Lyster. a native of Shelby County, Kentucky. From this union two children were born. Mr. Lyster had been twice married before this, having live chil- dren by the first and two by the second wife. Mr. Prosise came to California in 1852, and for several years was engaged in ranching in Solano County. In 1872 he went into the butchering business and continued at it for three years. He subsequently purchased and improved the farm on which he lives. On the 24th day of November, 1878, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Coolidge, of Oskaloosa, Iowa. This lady is the daughter of Dr. F. W. Coolidge and Jane (Lilli bridge) Coolidge. The father of Mrs. Coolidge, Thomas Lillibridge, was at one time the owner of the land where now stands the reat city of Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Prosiseg have been blessed with three children, viz.: Vi- enna, Etta and Grace. Politically Mr. Prosise is a Republican. He is a progressive man, one who stands high in the community in which he resides, and is respected and esteemed by all who know him. ILLIAM H. PENDLETON was born in King William County, Virginia, Oc- tober 15, 1819, and is the second of ten children of George M. and Catharine (Lipscom) Pendleton, natives of Virginia. His maternal grandfather. Major Yancey Lipscom, was of English origin, and a Captain in the Revolu- tionary war. George M. Pendleton was born in 1792, was a carrier, and carried dispatches from Williamsburg to Tappahannock. He be- lieved in educating his children, and he and his brother, Philip B. Pendleton, hired a teacher from Boston for their children. The subject of this sketch, however,- received his education at Ruinford Academy, a kind of military school, HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. and after finishing his course of study there he engaged in teaching for a short time. In 1840 he was married to Henrietta Rainey, of Clinton, Greene County, Alabama, and soon after his marriage he leased land and engaged in farm- ing. Two years later he removed to Union County, Arkansas, bought land and farmed from 1845 to 1870. Here all their children were born. Their names are as follows: Mary C, who died at the age of sixteen; Cora A., now the wife of H. A. Sledge, of San Diego County; William H., who married Cornelia Reynolds; Ella, wife of William Anderson; Ada, who mar- ried Dr. Cochran (deceased), and now the wife of Carroll Smith; A. T., who married Miss Sadie McFader; George W., who married Elma Dawson; Eugene, who died at the age of eight years; Edwin, who married Emma Bell; Jessie, wife of Milton Sherley; Robinett, and Matthew R., a teacher in the public schools of Los An- geles County. Mr. Pendleton was a soldier in the Confederate army, and was a general agent at Shreveport, Louisiana, in the ordnance de- partment. For a time he was stationed at Mar- shall, Texas. Politically he was a Whig, and voted for William H. Harrison as President. He now affiliates with the Democratic party. Mr. Pendleton came to California in 1870, and has since been engaged in general farming on the sixty acres which he purchased near Downey. — '^^®:^W^ — fUDGE SHERMAN PAGE.— Among the citizens who have recently identified them- selves with Los Angeles County is the gentleman whose name stands at the head of this brief biographical sketch. He is a native of Vermont, and was educated . for the law at Union College, Schenectady, New York, where he graduated in 1859. He practiced first in Iowa, but when the war came on he entered the army, and served his country for three years, in Company D, Sixth Iowa Cavalry. At the close of the war he went to Austin, Minnesota, where his legal life proper began. While here he was elected to the State Senate and served as a mem- ber of that body in 1871-'72.. He was after- ward elected Judge of the Tenth District and served in that capacity for a term of seven years. In 1872, being somewhat broken in health, the Judge came to California, and after testing sev- eral localities in and around Los Angeles, he chose the site where he now lives, for its beauty and for the healthfulness of its location. Here he has erected a handsome residence on the cor- ner of Patrick and Hansen streets. East Los Angeles, and his home is supplied with all the modern comforts and conveniences. Since identifying himself with this county and city, the Judge has been very successful as a business man. He purchased the Tuhunga Ranch of 7,000 acres, and supplied it with a complete system of water-works, and on it laid out the town of Monte Vista. He also owns a valuable ranch of 400 acres near Fulton Wells, where he is raising some valuable stock. He is a member of the Board of Trade, and though a Republican, he has taken no part in politics since coming to this city. Judge Page is a man of strong ability, and there is probably not a man in the city to whose judgment more deference would be given than to that of Judge Sherman Page. tNDREW ROSE, proprietor of the Rose Dairy, located four miles east of Santa Monica, owns there a ranch of 1,200 acres of as fine land as there is to be found in Los Angeles County. His first purchase here was 400 acres in 1869. To this he has added 800 acres, and near Compton owns a ranch of eighty acres. In the city of Los Angeles he owns three houses and lots on York street, and also the " New Natick," on Los Angeles street. On his ranch may be seen some of the finest Nor- man horses and colts, also some thoroughbred cattle. Mr. Rose has devoted more or less attention to cattle-raising for a number of years. His dairy business is second to none in the county. Mr.-Rose is a native of Macon County, UISTORT OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. Missouri. He came to California in 1852 and engaged in mining for five years. In 1870 he married Miss E. L. Siiirley, a native of Missis- sippi, and daughter of B. T. Shirley. Mr. Rose has been eminently successful since coming to California, and is to-day the leading ftirmer in his part of the county. Like most Missourians, he is true to the Democratic party; and as a neighbor and citizen his word is as good as his bond. tLFRED RAYNAL, carriage and wagon- maker, Aliso street, Los Angeles, was born in France, in 1846; was reared and learned his trade there. After reaching man- hood he emigrated to America, and in 1872 came to Los Angeles and established his present business on Alameda street, where he continued thirteen years and then removed to his present location, having bought the premises he now occupies. His shop is 40x60 feet in dimen- sions, and he employs froui live to ten men. He manufactures all kinds of wagon work and has a good local trade in the city and throughout the county. He is the oldest wagon-maker in Los Angeles. — ^^^-^w^ — tM. RAWSON, proprietor of the Cable Grocery, commenced business in Los An- ' geles in July, 1885, by purchasing the small stock of groceries in the building on the northeast corner of Spring and Second streets, from B. E. De Hart. The location was at that time quite out of the business portion of the city, and the Second street cable line being then in process of construction, Mr. Rawson named his modest store the Cable Grocery, a title which it still retains, and by which it is one of the best known houses in the city. Mr. Rawson invested §2,800 in the business, including team, deliv- ery wagon, etc., only §1,650 of it being in goods, and he has never put a dollar of outside capital into it since. Under his experienced and efficient management the business prospered and grew rapidly from the start. In September, 1888, he moved into liis present larger and more commodious store at No. 42 South Spring street, which is crowded to its utmost capacity with everything in the way of staple and fancy gi'o- ceries, comprising the comforts and luxuries of the table. He carries a stock averaging over $20,000 in value, from which a thousand fami- lies in Los Angeles — regular customers — are supplied, besides a large number of the leading hotels and restaurants. Mr. Rawson makes a specialty of the best grades of goods, which he buys almost exclusively for cash, thus enabling him to sell at the lowest prices. From eleven to thirteen men are employed to transact the business of the establishment. Mr. Rawson's business career in Los Angeles has been one of phenqmenal success. Starting out with an investment of a few hundred dollars he has made the business defray all the expenses of conducting it together with those of his family living, and now has $30,000 invested in it, all made from the profits of less than four years. Mr. Rawson's experience in the grocery trade extends through more than twenty-two years, eighteen of which were with the largest whole- sale grocery firms in the city of Chicago. With such a thorough practical business training it is not surprising that he is a master in his calling. He was born in New York State, and was forty- seven years old his last birthday. He came to California and to Los Angeles County seven years ago, and first engaged in ranching for several years, but did not succeed to his satisfac- tion. Mr. Rawson married Miss Lucy Rosier, in Chicago. She is a native of Michigan. Their family consists of four children. RS. R. E. ROSS, nee Elizabeth Banon, is one of the most enterprising and pub- lic-spirited residents of Sierra Madre. She is the owner of a fiue tract of land of some HWTORT OF LOS ANOELES COUNTT. twenty-eight acres in extent, located on the south of Central avenue and west of Markham avenue. It is under a fine state oi' cr.ltivation, and con- tains 1,200 apricot, 150 peach, 100 orange and about 100 other trees, such as prunes, apples, figs, pears, lemons, limes, etc. Among her improvements- is a neat and substantial cottage residence, suitable and well ordered out-build- ings, etc. Mrs. Ross established her residence in Sierra Madre in 1884, and has since that time been an earnest supporter of every enterprise that would advance the interests of the commu- nity. One of the most notable instances of her liberality was the building of the Ross Memo- rial, or the Sierra Madre Library. This building is located on Central avenue, and is one of the largest, handsomest and best equipped public library buildings in the county, outside of the city of l,os Angeles. Mrs. Ross donated three- fourths of an acre of land upon which the build- ing stands, and also contributed nearly $2,500 toward the building fund. The building was erected in the winter of 1885-'86, and ever since that date she has been a liberal contributor and supporter of the institution. Mrs. Ross is a native of Nova Scotia, but in early life her parents moved to the United States and located in Boston, Massachusetts, where she was reared and edu- cated. In 1862 she was united in marriage with Mr. Robert E. Ross, who was a native of Clarke County, Ohio, born August 15, 1830. He caine to California in 1850, located in Ne- vada County, and was largely engaged in mining enterprises until 1858. He then returned East, and the next spring came the second time to California, crossing the plains with large droves of cattle and horses. He then located in Long Valley, Lassen County, and for many years was one of the most prominent men and leading agriculturists of that county. He was a pioneer in the strictest sense, and an intelligent and energetic man. His strict integrity gained him hosts of warm friends. He died in Lassen County, March 31, 1884. His widow brought his reujains South and had them interred in Evergreen Cemetery, at Los Angeles; and as a further tribute to his memory, erected the Ross Memorial Library. Mr. and Mrs. Ross were never blessed with children. Their adopted daughter, Margaret, is now the wife of Eugene Steinburger, of Sierra Madre. '^■(^^-^ )ALMER T. REED.—Among the beautiful residences and valuable properties of the San Gabriel Valley is the Altamont Farm, the home of the subject of this sketcli. Mr. Reed is one of the first settlers in his section of the valley. In 1882 he purchased 200 acres of land lying north and west of Sierra Madre, upon one of the highest mesas, and extending to the base of the Sierra Madre Mountains. In the same year he built his beautiful and commo- dious residence, the view from which cannot be surpassed for beauty and grandeur by any in the county, embracing, as it does, miles of the San Gabriel Valley, Pasadena, San Pedro Harbor and the Pacific Ocean. Mr. Reed, with his characteristic energy, immediately commenced the clearing and cultivation of his lands, plant- ing vineyards and orchards, and surrounding his home with ornamental trees and floral pro- ductions. He has also devoted considerable attention to developing water, and ran a tunnel for 300 feet into the base of the mountains north of his house, from which he obtains an abundant supply of water, which for purity is unexcelled by any in his section. His lands are abundantly supplied with water, as he is the owner of the supply from Reed's Canon, which yields about six inches during the dryest season. In the winter of 1885-'86 Mr. Reed opened the Altamont House, for the reception of visitors and tourists, and has since that date had one of the most pleasant resorts in the valley. He also established a burro train for the conveyance of his guests to the summit of Wilson's Peak. Mr. Reed is a genial host, and is a man of trained business habits and energetic disposition. He is a strong believer in the future prosperity of the San Gabriel Valley, and is ready at all times HISTORY OF LOS ANOELMS COUNTY. to aid in an}' enterprise tluit will develop its resources and induce its settlement. Mr. Reed is a native of New York City, horn in 1850. His parents, Lewis ]). and Louise (Townsend) Reed, are both natives of New York. He was reared and schooled in the city of his birth, finishing his education in the Brooklyn Collegi- ate Polyteclinic School. Upon the completion of his studies he entered into mercantile lite, and was employed by New York firms as a book-keeper, cashier, etc., holding many positions of responsibility and trust. After a few years of this life he became so broken down in health that he was compelled to cease work in the counting-house, and he sought relief by travel in Europe. He spent twt) or three years in travel, then returned home and shortly afterward, in 1878, came to California. Upon his arrival in the State he located for some months in the Sierra Madre Villa, and then went to Riverside, where he purchased a forty-acre tract of land and entered into horticultural pursuits. Unable to pursue that occupation, he returned to the Villa and occupied the position of cashier and foreman of the ranch. He held those positions until 1882, when he established his present residence. He was one of the original trustees of the Sierra Madre Public Library, and has always taken a deep interest in its growth and prosperity. In political matters he is a Republican, and a worker in the ranks of his party, serving as inspector of elections, etc. In 1882 Mr. Reed returned to his old home and while there was united in marriage with Miss Mary A. Hani- inttt, a native of Brooklyn. The two children from this marriage are, Lewis F. and Ernest H. fAMES M. ROGERS.— The subject of this sketch is one of the well-knowa residents of the Duarte. He first came to this place in 1868, and took up his residence on Mountain avenue, occupying rented lands, upon which he engaged in general farming. In 1873 he pur- chased eigliteen and three-fourths acres of the land he had previously rented. This tract is located on Mountain avenue, about two miles southeast of Duarte, and the same distance southwest of Monrovia, in the Duarte school district. He continued his farming operations in the Duarte district until 1875, and then moved to Ventura County, where he engaged in stock-raising. Mr. Rogers spent two years in that county, and then came south with his stock and located on the Cliino Ranch, in San Ber- nardino County. In 1878 he returned to his hcune place, where he has since resided. His land is rich and productive, and well adapted to fruit cultivation, as is well attested by the choice varieties of citrus and deciduous fruit trees that comprise his family orchard of 125 trees. The most of iiis land is devoted to general farming, giving a large yield of grain, corn, potatoes, etc., and also with his system of irrigation from the Beardslee Water Ditch Company, large yields of alfalfa. In addition to conducting his home farm, Mr. Rogers is each year cultivating con- siderable acreage of rented lands and contracting in cutting hay, grain, etc. Mr. Rogers is a na- tive of Conway County, Arkansas, dating his birth in 1846. His father, Andrew Rogers, was a native of North Carolina, who settled in Ar- kansas, and there married Miss Harriet Holla- field, a native of Alabama. The death of his father occurred in 1848, and his mother after- ward married John (luess, a well-known resident and pioneer of Los Angeles County (a sketch of whom appears in this volume). In 1852 Mr. Rogers came with his step-father to Los Angeles County, locating near El Monte. He was reared as a farmer and stock-grower, receiving his edu- cation in the public schools at El Monte. He remained with his step-father until 1868, when lie took up his residence at Duarte. Nearly his whole life has been spent in Los Angeles County, and he is well and favorably known throughout El Monte Township. Hisconsistent and straight- forward course of life has secured him hosts of friends. He and his family are members of the Baptist Church. In political matters he is Democratic. In 1868 Mr. Rogers wedded Miss HISrOBY OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. Jane Beardslee, the daxighter of Dr. Nehemiah and Elvira (Anderson) Beard slee. Her father was a well-known pioneer of the Duarte, and the owner of the Beardslee tract. She died in 1873, leaving three children: Juhn, Mary and Alice. In 1875 Mr. Rogers married Miss Mary Mc- Crary, daughter of Ale.xander and Martha (Sta- ter) McCrary. Her father is a native of Ohio, in which State Mrs. Rogers was born. Her mother was born in Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. McCrary are residents of Riverside, San Bernar- dino County. From the second marriage of Mr. Rogers there are live children, whose names are as follows: William H., James, Louie C, Mat- tie and Grover. :ILLIAMH. ROBINSON is the pioneer merchant of Sierre Madre, and has been closely identified with the remarkable growth and prosperity of the colony for many years. A sketch of his life will be found of interest. Mr. Robinson is a native of Lowell, Massachusetts, and dates his birth December 1, 1856. His parents were William and Ann (Spencer) Robinson, both of whom were born in England. His father was a machinist by occu- pation, and came in early manhood to the United States, and settled in Lowell, where he established himself in business and married. The subject of this sketch was reared in the city of Lowell, having the advantages of a good schooling .until fourteen years of age, when he went into his father's machine shops to learn the trade of a machinist. He worked at that trade until about 1881, when ill health com- pelled him to seek some other occupation, and he engaged in the milk business and con- ducted the same until 1883, when he came to Los Angeles County. He spent about a month in the city of Los Angeles, and in the fall of that year came to Sierra Madre. The winter was passed as a member of the family of Mr. N. C. Carter, and he was engaged in carrying the mail from San Gabriel to Sierra Madre. In the spring of 1884 the family of Mr. Robinson joined him, and he took up his residence upon a lot of about two acres in extent, on the west side of Baldwin avenue, noi-tli of Central avenue. In the fall of 1884 he opened the first store ever established in the Sierra Madre Colony. His stock of goods, which at first was limited, was placed in his dwelling-house. His close atten- tion to his business and obliging disposition, coupled with a straightforward manner of deal- ing, secured him a fair trade, and as the colony increased in population, the need of larger store accommodations became manifest. In June, 1887, he took possession of his fine store on the corner of Baldwin and Central avenues. This store is in the Town Hall building. Mr. Robinson was one of the promoters and original incorporators of the Town Hall Company that erected this fine block, and is at this writing one of the largest shareholders and a director in the company. Upon his occupying his present quarters, Mr. Robinson fitted up his store with a complete stock of groceries, crockery, drugs and medicines, and also dealt in hay, grain, etc., gaining an in- creased patronage that was well merited. He has been an active promoter aud supporter of the many enterprises and projects that have tended to build up the Sierra Madre Colony, and his straightforward and consistent course of life has gained him a large circle of friends and ac- quaintances. In politics he has ever been a stanch Republican. Mr. Robinson was married in 1875, to Miss Sarah A. Boyd, a native of Lowell, Massachusetts. Her parents, Joseph and Ann (Hawthorne) Boyd, were natives of Canada. The two children from this marriage are Mabel Eva and Albion L. •^■^■^ fM. STRATTON, contractor, 366 North Pearl street, Los Angeles, is a native of * the State of Kentucky, born February 23, 1862. His parents, John Stratton and Sarah (Lansdowne) Stratton, were both natives of Kentucky. They removed to Iowa in 1865, re- HISTORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. rnained there six years, and in 1871 located in Kansas. The subject of tliis sketch was edu- cated and began learning his trade in the latter State. Upon reaching manhood, he came to the Pai'itic Coast in 1881 and remained two years. He then returned to Lawrence, Kansas, and was engaged in building several years. In 1886 he decided to come to Los Angeles and locate per- manently. Since then he has been success- fully engaged in contracting and building here. Among other buildings erected by him is the Beaudry Block on Buena Vista street. Mr. StrattOM is a brother of W. A. Stratton, tlie well- known contractor, and now president of tlie Union Lumber and Supply Company. The sub- ject of this sketch was married September 7, 1885, to Miss T. Wooton, a native of Lawrence, Kansas. They have two children, Maud Edith and Myrtle Ivy. -^€ii"i)l-^¥ — tOUIS J. STEXGEL, East Los Angeles, pro- prietor of Stengel's Nurseries and Exotic Gardens, was born in Wittenberg, Germany, April 13, 1843; attended school until fourteen years of age and then emigrated to the United States, in 1857, coming alone; worked on a farm at $4 per month, two years of which time was in Dedhara, Massachusetts. He learned the nursery and gardening business of Taylor Broth- ers, who were prominent nurserymen of Dor- chester, that State, and remained with them five yearj. In 1865 he came to the Pacific Coast, worki.ig first in a seed store. He went all over the State to secure a good location, and selected San Diego, where he engaged in the nursery business for three years, then came to Los An- geles and established his present business on Los Angeles street, between First and Third streets, where the cathedral now stands. It was out of town then, an uncultivated field. He re- mained there eight years. Then, to meet the demands of his trade, he was obliged to have more ground, and came over to East Los Angeles bought ten acres and removed his nursery. He grows ornamental sliade trees and all kinds of fruit trees, and, making a specialty of culti- vating palms, he is the largest grower of and dealer in palms in Southern California. He has a leading business in fruit and ornamental stock. His large practical experience combined with strict attention to business has gained him a well- deserved success. In 1873 Mr. Stengel married Miss Mary Reidy, of Placerville, who died in 1880, leaving one son, Louis. In 1885 he mar- ried Miss Mary Braudes, of this city, and they have one daughter. Mr. Stengel is a member of the Masonic order, the Union League, and Temperance Society. fHOMAS J. STEPHENS, pluinber and gas- fitter, corner of Boyd and Pine streets, Los Angeles, was born in Portland, Oregon, March 8, 1867. His father, Peter Stephens, was one of the pioneers of the Pacific Coast, en- gaged in mining, and died in the mines at White Pine. His mother, Elizabeth Stephens, is living at Ontario in this county. Thomas J. attended school in his native town and in Cali- fornia, and lived in Oregon and Northern Cali- fornia until he came to Los Angeles, in 1882. He learned his trade as an apprentice to the Lac}' Verick Hardware Company. After work- ing at his trade two years, he engaged in busi- ness for himself. He does all kinds of plumbing and gas-fitting, giving special attention to sani- tary plumbing; and by industry and application to the interests of his business, and being a practical workman, he is building up a good trade. He employs five to ten men, and owns the property he occupies. ■ •^■^^■^ tLEXANDEIi O. SPENCER is a native of New York State and was born March 9, 1827. His father was also a native of New York; he died in 1859. His mother, Mary (Norton) Spencer, was a descendant of the old y04 HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. Knickerbocker family, and died at the residence of her son in Milwaukee, iti 1887, at the ad- vanced age of eighty-six years. The subject of this sketch was reared and received his educa- tion in liis native State. After reaching man- hood he came to California, via the Isthmus, and arrived in San Francisco in January, 1852. lie was engaged in steamboating on the Sacra- mento River for some years; tiien i-an on the coast between San Francisco and San Diego for five years; and was connected with tiie Oregon Com}>any ten years, running up north on the coast to Victoria, Alaska and other ports. Since 1887 he has been connected witli the California Central Railroad, at Los Angeles, Mr. Spencer is a brother of .1. C. Spencer, of the Milwaukee iV Noitiiern Railroad, one of the most promi- nent railroad majjnates of this countrv. •HOMAS A. STOMHS, manufacturer of cans and galvanized iron tanks, Los An- geles, was born in Salem County, New Jersey, September 20, 1S26. His parents re- moved to Ohio during his early childhood, and he learned his trade in Cincinnati. Early in 1S50, during the height of the California gold excitement, he determined to emigrate to the new EI Dorado. On the 1st of May, in a train of ninety-si.\ persons, he left the Missouri River. They had a regular military organization, for protection while passing through a hostile coun- try. They were not molested until they were passing through the Washoe country, when they were attacked by Indians, who, after a pro- longed skirmish, were driven oft". The train arrived at (xeorgetowu, El Dorado County, September 3, 1850, bnly six days before the State was admitted into the Union. Mr. Stombs went to the mines for a short time, then went to Sacramento and began working at his trade, for §16 a day. Afterward, as a member of the firm of Shepherd, Stombs & Co., he engaged in the tin and hardware trade and in miners' sup- piio.< at ^[arysville. He established the first foundry north of Sacramento. From 1856 to 1860 he was in business in San Francisco, then likewise in Stockton, where he was elected a member of the city council. This position he resigned to enlist in the service of his country, being elected Captain of the First California Cavalry. Served on the Rio Grande; was com- mander of the post twenty miles below Franklin; afterward served in the Department of the Mis- souri; was at Fort Summer when the war closed; was promoted to the rank of Major; and finally brought the remainder of his regiment to San Francisco, where it was mustered out. Mr. Stombs was for the ensuing twelve years super- intendent of the manufacturing department of Montague & Co., and since 1884 he has been in his present business here, and has built up a good trade. May 3, 1846, Major Stombs mar- ried Miss Esther E. Taylor, who came from Pennsylvania to California in 1862. They have two sons living: Tiiomas A. and William H. They lost one son, Richard T. by name. A. STRATTON, President of the Union Lumber and Supply Company, • was born in Kentucky, July 23, 1851. is a son of .lohti and Sarah (^^Lansdowne) Strattoii, both natives of Kentucky. In 1S65, when he was eleven years of age, they removed to Iowa and located in Muscatine County, where he attended school and began learning his trade. In 1871 they went to Lawrence, Kansas, and re- mained there ten years. Mr. Stratton came to the Pacilic Coast in 1881 and spent one year in San Diego, in the employ of the Southern Rail- road Company. The following year he came to Los Angeles and engaged in contracting, and since that time he has been prominently identi- tied with the contracting, building and lumber interests here. Among the prominent buildings erected by him are the following: Tiie Crystal Palace, the Orphans' Home, Dorr Jones Building, Bryson Hall, the Lan-l"'ranco Block, Crocker Building and many others. For ability, in- HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. tegrity and responsibility as a contractor and business man, Mr. Stratton is taking a leading position, and no less enjoys an enviable repu- tation as a citizen. In February, 1888, the Union Lumber and Supply Company was or- ganized for the purpose of doing a general lumber business, and furnishing bills of lumber and all kinds of material for outside and inside work, and finishing complete and ready for oc- cupancy, thereby securing a better grade of material at a more reasonable e.xpcnse, and also saving the trouble of running around to different points to secure the materials required. W. A. Stratton, as before stated, is the President of the company, and H. F. Gordon, Secretary, the offiee of the company being at 107 West Second street, in the Bryson and Bonebrake Block. Mr. Strat- ton was married December 5, 1882, to Miss Min- nie Tollman, of San Francisco, daughter of liufus Tollman, one of the early pioneers of the Pacific Coast. For the past seventeen years Mr. Tollman has been in the oSice of Wells, Fargo & Co., in that city. Mr. and Mrs. Stratton have three children: Frankie, Charlie and Gracie. fllOMAS STOVELL.— To illustrate what may be accomplished in California with- out capital, and with only that pluck and energy, united withjudicious discrimination in business transactions, which characterize so many of the successful men, not only of this time but also of the past, few better examples could be given than tlie name with which we introduce this sketch. Mr. Stovell came from London, England, to San Francisco, the direct object of his coming being the improvement of Mrs. Stovell's health. From that city he came to Los Angeles, and here enterel into the plan- ing-mill business, at the outset having in his pocket only $84. He leased the Spring street mill, and with his characteristic energy suc- cessfully conducted the enterprise until he was enabled to purchase the establishment and build anew. In the meantime he also l)ecaine inter- ested in land speculation, his investments being carefully made and yielding him handsome re- turns. Now, having accumulated an independ- ent fortune, he has practically retired from an active business life, and has erected a most mag- nificent residence in the north part of Long Beach, where, surrounded by his family, he is living a quiet and happy life, free from the dis- appointments and strain of business. - « ■ : ? -^->|-~^ € : •■»- fEORGE SCHNEIDER, proprietor of the Western Vinegar and Pickle Factory, 30 South Los Angeles street, Los Angeles, was born on the Rhine, in Germany, February 20, 1851. His father was an extensive wine-maker, and the son George became skilled in the making of wine and vinegar. The subject of this sketch served in the army, and after the Franco-Prus- sian war came to America, in 1872. He came to New Orleans, and then to Mobile, where he had an uncle who was elected mayor of that city in 1871. Mr. Schneider remained there four years, and then came to Los Angeles, arriving February 26, 1876. He established his present business in 1887. He has had a large practical experience, and the goods prepared and manu- factured by him have an excellent reputation, and he has a good trade which is constantly in- creasing and extending throughout Southern Cal- ifornia and Arizona. In 1878 Mr. Schneider married Miss Louise Wetterhouer, a native of Baden, Germany. They have one son, George, and their nephew, Andrew, is living with them. tNDREW A. LEWIS, a farmer and stock, raiser on farm lot 95 of the American Col- ony tract of the Cerritus Ranch, is a pioneer of 1878. His first stop in this State was at Wilmington, and, after buying and im- proving and selling several pieces of land, he purchased and has greatly enhanced the value j of the property where he now lives, one of the II I STORY OP LOS ANGELES COUNTY. most beautiful sites in Southern California. He is a native of Missouri, born in Saline County, August 1, 1842, and is the son of William H. and Elizabeth Lewis, natives of the Old Domin- ion, and of Scotch origin. His father departed this life in 1857. The subject of this sketch is the ninth and one of thirteen children, five of whom are yet living. Mr. Lewis, with his brothers and sisters, received the advantages of a common-school education, and just as he was beginning to be interested in a higher course of studies, the war came on and his plans were changed. In 1869 he married Miss Belle Gar- rison, a native of Kentucky, and a daughter of John G. and Polly (McDowel) Garrison, also natives of Virginia. To Mr. and Mrs. Lewis have been born five children: Thomas H., Eliza- beth, John, Andrew and George. Both he and his wife are earnest workers in and members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. fW. STOWELL, proprietor of the Stowell Cement Pipe Company, Los Angeles, is * a native of Claremont, New Hampshire, and was born December 15, 1851. He received his education in New England. After reaching manhood he came to California in 1874, and located in Los Angeles a few years later. In 1878 the business of the Stowell Cement Pipe Company was established, and is now one of the oldest in its line in Southern California. In 1879 the company laid about four miles of pipe in San Diego and San Dimas, and in 1881 the Orange, Pasadena and Verdugo lines followed. In 1882-'83 the extensive systems of Hermosa, Etiwanda and Ontario were laid, and are now probably the most approved irrigating systems in existence. The company have ample facili- ties for manufacturing their pipe, giving em- ployment during the busy season to from forty to fifty hands. They also have branch factories in this and San Bernardino counties. Their extended business of the last few years includes a line four miles long in San Beriuirdino County ten miles at Cucamonga, Ontario twenty-six miles. South Riverside nine miles of thirty-inch pipe, Rialto ten miles; and in addition to this smaller lines have been laid at Gardena, Ver- dugo, Sycamore Canon, and over ten miles in this city. Mr. Stowell has had a large experi- ence in the business. He is actively identified with all the progressive interests of the city and is esteemed in business circles as a gentleman of the highest integrity and commercial standing. fC. STOLL, of the Los Angeles Soda-water Works, No. 107 Sansevain street, was ® born in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, November 10, 1853. He attended school dur- ing his boyhood until sixteen years of age, then came to California, his brother having preceded him several years. Upon arriving here he went into the factoi-y in the employ of his brother and continued with him until 1880, when he became a partner in the business. The firm of Stoll Brothers has the most extensive works and tiie best equipped factory on the Pacific Coast. The machinery is of the latest improved style, being furnished by Messrs. Tuft, of Boston. They have capacity for turning out 5,000 dozen daily. The factory is the oldest and leading one in the State. They also have a large factory at Pasadena, and liave established an excellent trade, doing an extensive shipping business throughout Southern California. "i^-^-^ • fllOMAS SIKES, contractor, 22 Clay street, Los Angeles, is a native of Portsmouth, Ohio, born March 11, 1836. He attended school and served an apprenticeship to his trade in his native State. Upon the breaking out of the Rebellion he enlisted, April 14, 1861, in the First Ohio Regiment for three months' serv- ice. His company was said to be the first to go into the service from the State of Ohio. At the expiration of the three months he enlisted niSTURT OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. in the Thirty-third Ohio Regiment, this time for tliree years. He was in the first battle of Bull Run, and in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, and many others; was wounded near Huntsville, Alabama, by a shell. He served four years and three months. After the war Mr. Sikes re- turned to Ohio and engaged in building for many years. In 1887 he came to Los Angeles and engaged in contracting. He built the Niles Block, corner of Main and Upper Main streets; the Woohead Block, corner of Main and College streets; University of Southern California, In- glewood ; Newhall Block, East First street, and others. In 1886 Mr. Sikes married Miss Mi- nerva Williams, a native of Portsmouth, Ohio. They have seven children, four sons and three daughters. fOSEPH HENRY STEWART was born in Kennebec County, Maine, in 1825. He is a son of William and Mary (Stoddard) Stew- art, natives of Maine and England respectively. His father's ancestors were originally from Scot- land. William Stewart was a lumberman by occupation, and was killed by a falling limb of a tree in 1841. He had four children, of which the subject of this sketch was the eldest. He received the ordinary common-school education, and in 1850 was married to Miss Rhoda P. Trask, who was reared in the same State. She is the daughter of Moses and Caroline (Austin) Trask. The Trasks were pioneers of Ohio, and very wealthy people. Her father was pressed into the British army in 1776. After his mar- riage Mr. Stewart engageS in the lumber busi- ness in Maine for four years, and later followed the trade of blacksmith. In 1850 he moved to . Clinton County, Iowa, where he was in the mercantile business for four years. In 18,59 Mr. Stewart started on the journey across the plains, bringing livery stock, and being four months in making the trip. After his arrival in the Golden State lie started a blacksmith shop at Alvarado; then went to Mud Springs, where he followed his trade for a year and a half; ne.xt moved to Santa Clara County, lived there three years, working at his trade in Gil- roy; from there went to Oregon, and after re- maining in Lane County a year and a half, he came, in 1859, to Los Angeles Coutity, where lie established the first blacksmith shop between San Gabriel and New Rivers. Here he pur- chased thirty-two and a half acres of land and improved it, and here he lives at the present time. In addition to this he also owns other valuable property, and has 216 shares of stock in the Odd-fellows Building Association at Downey. Mr. Stewart has been eminently suc- cessful, and is progressive, prosperous and en- terprising. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart have been blessed with four children: James Allen, Lucy, wife of C. C. Cheney; Katie May and Mary Etta. Mrs. Stewart and her daughters are mem- bers of the Christian Church. Mr. Stewart is affiliated with Los Nietos Lodge, No. 197, I. O. O. F. ARGUS G. SETTLE, a farmer, residing two miles west of Norwalk, came to California in October, 1871. He was born in Tennessee, in 1845, and is a son of Rev. Marcus G. Settle, Sr., and Irena (Moore) Settle, the former a native of Tennessee, and the latter of Georgia. They were married in Texas, but subsequently moved to Tennessee, where four of their children were born. He taught school in Texas, and also farmed several years. The sub- ject of this notice was about a year and a half old when his father moved back to Texas. In April, 1870, they started for California, bring- ing with them a large herd of cattle. Upon their arrival in San Diego County their stock was so poor they were compelled to stop and let them graze, and nine months later sold the cat- tle and came to Los Angeles County. He pur- chased forty acres of land between Downey and Norwalk, which he afterward sold and bongiit HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. tlie forty acres where the sod now lives. Tlie subject of this sketch was married in 1875 to Miss Josephine Sackett, a native of the Golden State, and daughter of T. D. and Matilda (Evans) Sackett, of Texas. Mr. Sackett was a pioneer ot 1857. Mr. Settle and his wife have five inter- esting children: Susan, George, Lottie, Eobert and Koss. Both Mr. and Mrs. Settle are active workers in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, at Koiwalk, and the duties of recording steward liave devolved upon him for the past four years. fHOMAS STROHM, Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, was born in Germany, November 5, 1846. His parents emigrated to America in 1852, and settled in Cincinnati, and during his boyhood he attended tlie common schools and grew up there. Upon reaching manhood he came to California and located in Los Angeles, where he entered the grocery trade, and continued in the business seven years. In 1885 he engaged in the manufacture of soda- water, mineral waters and all kinds of carbonated drinks and fruit syrups, and has built up an established trade. In 1887 he was appointed chief engineer of the tire department and served witii great satisfaction during the term. After the recent election he was again appointed, March 22, 1889, to the same position, by Mayor Hazard, and he enjoys the reputation of being a prompt, vigilant officer. Mr. Strohm was married December 24, 1876, to Miss Emily Schubneli, of Los Angeles. They have four children: Lewis R., Anna B., Clarence B. and Walter. fAMES SMITH, of the firm of Smith & Gi-ant, contractors, Los Angeles, was born in Murrayshire, Scotland, February 6,1856, served an apprenticeship to his trade tiiere, and after reaching manhood came to America, in 1881. Going to Chicago, he followed his trade for a time and then engaged in building. In 1885 he came to the Pacific Coast. Alter remain- ing a short time in San Francisco, he came to Los Angeles and formed a partnership with John Grant, a fellow countryman, and engaged in contracting for building. They have erected some of the best structures in Los Angeles; are now completing their contract on the Burdick Block, corner of Spring and Secoiid streets, one of the best and most substantial business blocks in tiie city. They have also had the contracts for some of the best blocks in Pasadena. The lirm of Sniitii & Grant are both working partners, and are taking a prominent position as building contractors. ILEY F. SWAIN was born in McNairy County, Tennessee, 100 miles east of Memphis, April 17, 1830. He is a son of William and Rachel (Anderson) Swain. The father was born in North Carolina in 1800, and died in 1857, and the mother was born in 1802, and died in 1876. They had a family of thir- teen children, AViley being the sixth. So far as known, eight of the family are still living. Mr. Swain received a good common-school education in his native State, and was married there in 1853 to Miss Mary Lyles, of the same county. She was a daughter of Mansa and Bethsheba (Anderson) Lyles. Subsequent to his marriage Mr. Swain moved to Texas, where he farmed till 1869. In 1862, however, he entered the army, in the Seventeenth Consolidated Regi- ment, Company E, under Captain Duckworth, and was in the service until the close of the war. He was at the battles of Pleasant Hill, Louisi- ana and Mansfield, and also had charge of a ward in the hospital at different points. After the close of the war he returned to his farm duties in Texas, where he continued till 1869. In 1866 his wife died, leaving him with three children: Maletha, Emmeline and Joe. A few years later he started with the children across HISTORY OF LOS ANQELES COUNTY. tlie plains for California, by the popular route and with ox teams. On tliis journey Joe was accidentally shot and died two days later, aged fourteen years. Maletha is now the wife of Frank Davis, and Emmeline is the wife of Jack Patton. In 1874 Mr. Swain was married to Miss Louisa Taylor, a native of the Golden State, and daughter of James and Margaret (Davis) Taylor, natives of Tennessee and Arkan- sas respectively, and pioneers of California in 1856. Ijy this marriage he has one daughter, Lola. When first coming to the coast Mr. Swain purchased thirty-one acres of land near Downey, and to this original purchase he has added twenty-eight acres. He now manages a ranch of thirty acres, and his principal crops are alfalfa and barley. For several years he was en- gaged in raising hogs, but is now giving more attention to general farming. His political af- filiations are with the Union Labor Party. He is a straightforward and worthy citizen, and is respected and esteemed by all who know him. fENERAL E. M. SANFORD was born in Milledgeville, Georgia, in 1833. He is a son of Major-General John W. A. and Mary R. (Blunt) Sanford. Mr. and Mrs. San- ford had three sons: John W., the oldest, served as Attorney-General of Alabama several terms; the siibject of this sketch being the second, and Theodore G. the youngest. General Sanford graduated at Union College, New York, in 1853; and for several years was a large cotton planter in Texas. December 13, 1864, he was united in marriage with Miss Cammilla M. Gordon, youngest daughter of General John W.Gordon, of Georgia. In 1867 he came, by steamer route, to California, and landed in San Francisco, where he lived for a short time, after which he came to Los Angeles County and purchased 500 acres of the ex-Governor Downey tract, where he has made vast improvements and where he has one of the most beautiful locations for a home that can be found witliin the bounds of tiie county. This is known as the " Sunny Side Rancho," and from the residence, among the evergreens, one has a magnificent view over fertile valleys and fruitful fields. General Sanford is one of the most successful farmers in this county. At this time there are about 400 acres of his farm in small grain, and the fine horses, cattle, etc., that he raises all go to show that he is a leader in.tiiis industry. In 1876 General Sanford was made the recipient of an honor which all heartily accord to him. This was the commission which he received under William Irvin, Governor of California. By this commission he was made Brigadier-General of the First Brigade, National Guards, as successor to GcTieral Phineas Ban- ning. Another evidence of his ability and pop- ularity was his nomination to the Senate by the Democratic party in 1879. fOHNSTEER E.— Among the successful men of Los Angeles County is the subject of this sketch, a brief resume of whose life is as follows: Mr. Steere was born and reared in Providence, Rhode Island, about the same distance from the Atlantic Ocean that his pres- ent residence in Santa Monica is from the great Pacific. The year 1823 is the year of his birth, and he is a son of Hosea and Hannah (Tinck- com) Steere, both natives of Rhode Island, and of Scotch origin. The subject of this sketch is the fifth bearing the same family name, and be- longs to the fifth generation born in Providence, Phode Island. His father was in the war of 1812. He had a family of twelve children, of which John was the youngest boy. He learned the trade of millwright, which he followed about seven years, when he engaged in the mer- cantile trade in Providence. There, at 28 Ex- change Place, he continued as a successful mer- chant till 1865, when he retired from business at that place, and traded with the West Indies, in sugar and molasses, and made several trips to Cuba. Then he came to California, not to enijage in business, but to select a home in this HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. genial climate by the sea, where he might spend the residue of his days retired from the exciting and pressing demands of business. He entered his name on " The Great Register " as John Steere, hunter. Tliat event is worthy of men- tion in tliese pages, for he has gathered the largest and choicest collection of birds in Los Angeles County. As a taxidermist, he has made a record which will identify him with the his- tory of this county for all time. In his collec- tion in the Opera House in Santa Monica may be seen 350 specimens of birds, which contains at least 200 varieties, all arranged iu perfect life-like order in the glass cases around the hall. Mr. Steere has also been eminently successful in business since he has been identified with this county. He has dealt in real estate and money, and is one of the stockholders and a director of the First National Bank at Santa Monica. The city by the sea will ever be grate- ful to him for the first brick liouse built there. It is known as the Opera Block Building, is 50x80 feet in dimensions and is two stories high. The erection of this building advanced the price of lots in Santa Monica from $500 to $10,000 in one year. The upper story of the building consists of oflices and a very fine opera hall. Mr. Steere was a member of the first board of trustees in Santa Monica, and was the first vice-president of the bank. His residence is beautifully located on Fourth street, in the city overlooking the sea. The citizens of this place recognize in Mr. Steere a wise financier, a shrewd business man, and an energetic, enter- prising citizen, who favors every enterprise hav- ing for its object the public good. f SAENZ, merchant, near The Palms, was born in Mexico in 1845, and is the only * son of D. Saenz, who was one of the early Spanish settlers in this country, and for several years a miner. He died April 10, 1887, and his aged widow is still living. The subject of this sketch has been one of the leading: citizens in this part of the county for the past fifteen years. He attended the first sale of lots in Santa Mon- ica, and since 1875 he has been engaged in the saloon and general merchandise business a mile and a half southeast of where The Palms is located. The place where he has been in busi- ness was formerly known as Machado, and here he served as postmaster for a period of ten years. A nice little ranch of fourteen acres is included in his property. He was married to Miss Amada Garcia, also a Spaniard, but a native of Califor- nia. By his diligent attention to business Mr. Saenz has made himself quite comfortable for this life, and by his integrity he has won the confidence and esteem of a wide circle of friends. <, . • ' k.-^ , .i..r^. c • .«■ ^ • *•'§-' J"^^^ • ILL I AM SLACK was born in York- shire, England, December 27, 1823. His parents were Richard and Ann (Britt) Slack, both natives of England. At the age of fourteen years Mr. Slack was apprenticed to the trade of a molder, and after serving an apprenticeship of seven years, he followed that occupation as a journeyman until 1848. In that year he came to the United States, landing in New Orleans. From there he went to Cincin- nati, Ohio, and was employed as foreman iu the foundry of Baker & Morton. He held that im- portant position until 1850. He then started overland for Utah. Locating at Salt Lake City, he turned his attention to the mineral resources of thit Territory, and in partnership with his brother-in-law, Richard Yarley, opened iron and coal mines and built the first blast furnace established near Salt Lake. Not suited with the Mormon community, he abandoned his en- terprises there, and in 1852 came by the South- ern route to California, and located at El Monte, Los Angeles County. There he rented land and established a dairy, and engaged in general farming, etc., until 1855. He then went to Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, where he was occupied in stock-raising until 1859. in that year he move 1 to Texas and located at San HISTORY Oh LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Antonio. While there he was in the emploj' of the gas company, laying pipes, etc. He manu- factured the tirst gas used in that city. The breaking out of the war in 1861 rendered busi- ness enterprises so unsettled iu that State that Mr. Slack returned to California and again took up his residence at El Monte. He was em- ployed for several months as a superintendent in a distillery, after which he engaged in stock- growing and farming upon disputed lands in the Temple tract, south of town. In 1870 he went to the San Jose Valley, and for the next four years was engaged in the stock business, after which he returned to El Monte and pur- chased eighty acres of land just south of the village, and entered into general farming. He was also for several years engaged in the butch- er's business, and conducted a meat market in El Monte. Since 1874= Mr. Slack has resided at El Monte. His lands are now under a fine state of cultivation and very productive. He has also a residence and business property in El Monte, being the owner of the store occupied by J. T. Huddox. The subject of this sketch is a liberal supporter of public enterprises. For a number of years he has served as a trustee of his district. He is a Democrat, and is conserva- tive in his political actions. Mr. Slack has been twice married. February 13, 1845, he wedded Miss Eliza Varley, a native of Yorkshire, Eng- land. She died at El Monte, December 29, 1879, leaving the following named children: Elizabeth, born iu England, January 13, 1847; William Thomas, in Cincinnati, Ohio, Novem- ber 27, 1850; Elizar, in Salt Lake, April 28, 1853; Sarah Ann, in Ventura County, August 24, 1855; Jonathan, iu Santa Barbara, Janu- ary 31, 1858; Mary, in San Antonio, Texas, August 7, 1860; George, in El Monte, April 10, 1864; Richard Jame.s, in El Monte, July 8, 1866; Albert, in El Monte, July 14, 1868, and Arthur Varley, in El Monte, January 11, 1871. Elizabeth is the wife" of Richard Quinn; Will- iam married Miss Sarah Ann Guess; Jonathan married Miss Matilda Wiggins; Sarah Ann married Robert Hewitt (since deceased). All of the children, except Richard, who lives in San Luis Obispo County, are residents of Los Angeles County. In 1881 Mr. Slack married Mrs. Ann Montgomery, a native of England. Mr. and Mrs. Slack returned to England in 1885, and spent a year in visiting the homes of their childhood and youth. fRANK SABICHI was born iu the city of Los Angeles, on the 4th day of October, 1842. His father, Matthew Sabichi, a native of the Austrian Empire, wandered a third of the way around the globe, and settled in Los Angeles during the earlier years of the present century. He became a merchant, and accumu- lated a handsome property. He married rather late in life. In the year 1850 Mr. Sabichi, the elder, taking with iiim Frank, then a child but eight years of age, and another son, left Los An- geles for England, with the intention of having his children educated in that country. The fond father did not live to accomplish his wishes, for he died before reaching England; but Frank was put to school at the Royal Naval Academy at Gosport, a town situated near Portsmouth, one of the busiest ports of England. At this establishment the boy remained for several years, and received there a thorougii education. Afterward he traveled extensively in Great Britain and on the continent of Europe, and acquired with proficiency the languages of sev- eral of the nations of Europe. After some years of pleasant wandering he turned his steps west- ward, and arrived at his native place in the lat- ter part of May, 1860. In the autumn of that year Mr. Sabichi eiitered upon the study of law, and in due course of time was admitted to prac- tice in all California courts, and for several years practiced his profession. Of late years the care of his landed interests in and around the city of Los Angeles has made greater de- mands upon his attention, and he has reluctantly abandoned the calling of his choice. Since his return from Europe he has continued to reside UI8T0RY OF LOS AJS0ELE8 COUNTY. in the city of his birth, and is now identified with many of the most important enterprises of Los Angeles. He is largely interested in the Ballona & Santa Monica Railway, and at one time held the position of vice-president of that corporation. Mr. Sabichi is also a director of the San Jose Land Company. The subject of this sketch resides with his family in the city of Los Angeles, in an elegant home, which, at the cost of several thousand dollars, he has built on a site comprising more than two acres in extent, and situated on Figueroa street, between Ellis and Adams streets. In 1865 Mr. Sabichi mar- ried Miss Magdalena Wolfskill, a daughter of the late William Wolfskill, one of the earliest and most prominent of the American pioneers vvho settled in Los Angeles. Mr. Sabichi is a consistent Democrat in politics. He has never sought office, having repeatedly refused to ac- cept it; but offices have sought him frequently. He was elected to the city council of Los An- geles in 1871, and was re-elected in 1873 -'74, presiding over its deliberations, to the lasting benefit of the municipality. He was also a member of the same body in 1884, when he was foremost in a movement which secured to the city of Los Angeles its bountiful supply of water for irrigation purposes. He is an aggress- ive, enterprising business man, who in matters public and private has the confidence of the comrnunitv at large and a wide circle of friends. fAVlD S. SHRODE.-^ Among the best- known and respected citizens of the Duarte is the above-named gentleman, a sketch of whose life is of interest. Mr. Shrode is a na- tive of Warrick County, Indiana, and dates his birth in 1825. His father, Francis Shrode, was a native of Pennsylvania, and was one of the pioneers of Indiana. His mother, nee Rebecca Hudson, was born in North Carolina. Mr. Shrode was reared upon a farm, receiving only such an education as was afforded by the pioneer schools, until nineteen years of age. He then entered a four years' apprenticeship at wagon- making, blacksmithing and manufacturing edge tools. He served his term, after which he worked as a journeyman in Indiana until 1851. In that year he emigrated to Texas, and located in Hop- kins County, where he established blacksmith and wagon shops, and also engaged in agricult- ural pursuits. He continued these pursuits until the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion. A strong Union man in principles, he was sub- jected to many persecutions, and, finally, in order to preserve his life and property, was com- pelled to enter the Confederate service. In April, 1862, he entered the Texas Cavalry and served for about fifteen months, or nntil he was taken prisoner by the Union forces at the battle of Franklin. He was sent north as a prisoner of war, but was soon paroled, and returned to his home in Texas. He was not called upon to en- ter the service again, and soon resumed his oc- cupations. In May, 1870, he started with his family overland for California. This journey wa§ made by ox teams, arriving in San Diego County in December of that year. He remained in that county until February of the next year, and then established his residence at Savannah, Los Angeles County, resuming his former occu- pation of blacksmithing. In March, 1874, he purchased twenty-three acres of the Beardslee tract of land at the Duarte, and entered into horticultural pursuits, planting orchard and vine- yard and also erecting a dwelling-house and blacksmith shop. Mr. Shrode remained upon that place until June, 1887, when he sold out and established his residence in Duarte, on Buena Yista avenue, between Central and Falling Leaf aveniies. He there purchased two acres of land and erected a substantial and attractive cottage residence, also a blacksmith and wagon-repair shop. He conducted his business at that place until 1889, when he sold out his shop to his son, Francis M. Shrode, and William R. Beardslee. Mr. Shrode is now enjoying a modest competency, gained by honest toil and straightforward deal- ing. During his residence at the Duarte he lias been an active supporter of all enterprises that HISTORY OF LOS .iNQBLES COUNTY. liave built up and improved that section. He was one of the original incorporators of the Beardslec Water Ditch Company, and was presi- dent of tliat company from its incorporation until 1887. He has ever been a strong sup- porter of .schools and churches. At the age ot fifteen years he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has ever lived a consistent Christian life. In 1860 he was licensed to preach, and in 1867 was ordained as a minister of that church, and is now the superintendent of the Sunday- school in his church at Duarte. For over four- teen years lie has been a school trustee of his district. Politically he is a Prohibitionist, but has for years been a conservative Democrat. For the seven years preceding the war he was a jus- tice of the peace in Texas, but was removed be- cause he would not take the oafh under the Confederate Government. At the close of the war he served in the same capacity under the Provisional Government. In 1847 Mr. Shrode married Miss Elizabeth Chapman, the daughter of William Chapman, a native of South Caro- lina and a pioneer of Indiana. She died in 1858, leaving iive children, three of whom are now living, viz.: Jacob H., who married Miss Mary S. Patterson ; Francis M. and Charles A., all residents of Duarte. In 1859 Mr. Shrode married Mrs. Maria C. Moore, 7iee Ilargrave. From the lattter marriage four children are living: Helen, now Mrs. Seth Daniels, of Fullertun; Viola, now Mrs. Emmet Norman, of Duarte; Jennie and D. Lee, residing with their parents. fDE EARTH SHORB, President and gen- eral manager of the San Gabriel Wine * Company, was born April 4, 1842, in Frederick County, Maryland, a son of Dr. James A. Shorb, who also was a native of that State; and the grandfather of De Earth, also a native of that State, died in Pennsylvania, at the age of 104 years! Mr. Shorb's great-grandfather came from Alsace, France, to this country, and became a large land owner in Maryland, North Carolina, Delaware and Pennsylvania, settling in the latter State, near Hanover. Mr. Shorb's mother, also aMarylander, was of a Scotch-Irish family, being the daughter of Captain Feli.K McMeai, whose name ap])ears in the first direc- tory published in Baltimore City. He was one of the very tirst officers in the merchant marine service, which antedates the American navy; he died during the '60s. Dr. Shorb, our subject's father, was also the owner of a large amount of real estate, a part of which was the well-known San Marino plantation. Mr. Shorb graduated in 1859, at the old classical college of Mount St. Mary's, at Emmettsburg, Maryland, where also Cardinals McClosky and Gibbons and Arch- bishops Hughes and Bailey, of New York, and Kendrick and Carroll, and others, most of whom areerainent divines in the Catholic Church grad- uated. After graduation Mr. Shorb commenced the study of law in the office of W. W. Dallas, nephew of George M. Dallas, Vice-President of the United States, 1845~'49. Upon the break- ing out of the war of the Rebellion, Mr. Shorb came to California as assistant superintendent of the Philadelphia and California Oil Company, of which the late Thomas A. Scott, of Pennsyl- vania railroad fame, was president. In 1867 he purchased the tenure of the Temescal grant and began mining operations; and the same year he married the daughter of Don Benito Wilson, one of the best known men in Southern Califor- nia, and at his request he entered the wine and grape business, as a member of the San Gabriel Wiue Company, who now own 10,000 acres, and cultivate 1,300 acres of the best varieties of grapes; indeed the vineyard, both in respect to quality of vines and equipment, is said to be the best in the world, by such judges as Henry Grosjean, who was here as the French Commis- sioner of Agriculture, and who is a member of the Institute Agronomique. The product of this vineyard bears the highest reputation in the Eastern markets. The winery comprises a ferment room 120.x 260 feet in dimensions, and two stories high, with a capacity of 900,000 i gallons; actual fermenting capacity of upper HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. and lower floors, 2,640,000 gallons. The storing cellars are in a two-story brick structure 147 x 217 feet. The distillery, 43x46 feet, attached to the building, has a large Sherry room with a capacity of 200,000 gallons annually, with a portion partitioned off for bonded warehouse. The buildings are so situated, arranged and equipped with the most approved and complete machinery that the work is all done at the low- est minimum of expense from the moment the grapes are received in the fermenting room until the wine is ready for shipment. A track half a mile in length connects the building with the Southern Pacitic Eailroad at Shorb's Station, thus placing the wines immediately upon one ot the greatest thoroughfares in the Union, and at a point also that is only twenty-two miles from a seaport. Shipments are made to all parts of the woi'ld. The company have also within their enclosure 1,100 orange trees of the Wasiiington Navel variety, and they have apple and pear orchards, on a large scale, all furnished with the finest water system to be found in California. These great enterprises — many in one — were brought to their present state of per- fection by Mr. Shorb, the president and general manager. He has given to these matters twenty years of study; is identified with all the leading agricultural enterprises in the State. He is commissioner for the State at large of the State Viticultural Commission. He was the first president of the San Grabriel Valley Railroad, of the Pasadena & Alharabra Kailroad, and former president of the Chamber of Commerce and several other corporate enterprises. He is one of the best-known and most public-spirited citizens on the Pacific Coast. Mr. and Mrs. Shorb have nine children, five sons and four daughters. ~^€^:®W^ — ATTHEW W. TALBOT, a pioneer of 1 S52, owns a fine farm of fifty acres near '^H^ii^' Conipton. He has traveled extensively over this State, having done business for several years in San Francisco, Stockton, San Jose, and in Tulare County. He also farmed for a period of five years in San Luis Obispo County. Mr. Talbot is a native of Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, born in 1836, and is the son of John Inals and Elizabeth (Rhodes) Talbot, natives, respectively, of Tennessee and Alabama. His father was a wealthy farmer in the Palmetto State. In 1873 Mr. Talbot was united in marriage to L-ene "Wells. This lady is a native of Illinois, but was reared principally in Mis- souri. She is the daughter of Chester A. and Susan A. (Bell) Wells, the former a native of New York and the latter of Ohio. Her grand- mother was a Hollenbeck, a cousin to the Hollen- becks of Los Angeles. In the town of Comp- ton Mr. Talbot has recently erected a very comfortable residence, where, with his excellent wife and two children, Edward A. and Letitia R., he is enjoying the comforts of home, com- paratively free from the anxieties of active busi- ness life. Both he and liis wife are highly honored members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he afiiliates with the Democratic party, and is an active worker for temperance, and favors, by his influence and means, all enterprises which have for their object the upbuilding of the community. -^ ^ 'l"l' 7^ fEAN LOUIS SAINSEVAIN was born at Begney^ Department of the Gironde, France, in the year 1816. He came to Los Angeles in 1855, where his uncle, Jean Louis Vignes, the earliest of the French pioneers, and his brother, Pedro Sainsevain, had been living many years. After living here some time, the two brothers bought out the extensive property of their uncle, and carried on the wine business on a large scale till 1867 or 1868. The broth- ers Sainsevain were the first manufacturers of champagne in California. They were involved in litigation at one time with the Internal Rev- enue Department, and also witii M. Racoulllat, husband of one of the lieirs of their uncle, Don HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Louis Vignes. ObtaiiiiTig a franchise to supply the city of Los Angeles with water for domestic use, Don Louis Sainsevain and D. Marchessault, at one time mayor of the city, laid wooden pipes for that purpose, iron pipes being thought at that period too expensive. Li 1868 they sold out to the City Water Company, which secured a lease from the city for thirty years, Mr. Sain- sevain remaining one of the members of the new company, whose lease expires in 1898. The vineyard was sold to Alexander Wiel and others, and was eventually divided up into lots and sold, and it is now occupied by homes and business houses. The iuimense old "Aliso" (sycamore) tree, around which Don Louis Vignes built his adobe wine cellars, is now surrounded by the modern brick-built plant of the Thiladelphia Brewery, and a street railroad runs along where the dwelling of both Vignes and Sainsevain once stood. Li after years Sainsevain planted a vine- yard at Cucamonga, where he lived some time. Latterly, however, and until his death, which happened in the early part of this year (Febru- ary 16, 1889), he resided in Los Angeles, where he was well and favorably known as good- hearted, genial " Don Louis " Sainsevain. The street in this city bearing his name was so called in his honor. He had two sons, Michel and Paul. The former died in this city before his father, leaving a widow and several children. Paul and family live in San Diego. Vital Fer- nando and Jean M. Vignes, for many years residents of Los Angeles, are cousins of the Sainsevains. Pedro Sainsevain, now an old man, who came here when a boy, still lives in San Josd. ■ '^'^■^B-^ ILLIAM H. SPEAK, of the firm of Norris & Spear, general merchants of Sierra Madre, is one of the young and enterprising business men of that town. The business conducted by Messrs. Norris & Spear comprises one of the best equipped stores in Sierra Madre Colonv. The store was first estab lished in September, 1886, by Andrews Broth- ei's, and conducted by them until January, 1888, when Mr. Norris entered the business under the name of Hart & Norris, and in July of the same year the subject of this sketch purchased the interest of Mr. Hart. Mr. Spear is a native of Cleveland, Ohio, dating his birth in that city in 1859. His parents were William and Sarah (Austin) Spear, natives of England. Mr. Spear was reared and schooled in the city of his birth, but early in life, when only twelve years old, he began to serve an apprenticeship to the printer's trade, and spent the next twelve years in that calling. In 1884 he engaged in paper hanging, which business he conducted until coming to California in May, 1888. Upon his arrival in the State he located in San Bernardino County, where he remained until July of tiiat year when he took up his residence in Sierra Madre and engaged in his present business. Mr. Spear is self-educated and possessed of an energetic, industrious nature and acquii-ed business habits that command the esteem of his associates and insures his success. He isafirui believer in the future growth and prosperity of his chosen sec- tion, and takes an interest in any enterprise that tends to develop its resources. In political matters he is an earnest Republican. In 1888 Mr. Spear married Miss Minnie A. Sufert, a native of Cleveland, Ohio. Her father, William Sufert, is of German descent and a resident of that city. They have one child, W. Howard. fICIIOLAS SMITH.— Among the Califor- nia pioneers of 1849, and the early settlers of Los Angeles County and well-known residents of El Monte Township, is the subject of this sketch. Mr. Smith is a native of Prus- sia, and dates his birth October 18, 1818. His parents were Lawrence and Mary (Maxminer) Smith, both natives of the place of his birth. His father was a farmer, to which occupation the son was reared. At the age of twenty years he entered the Prussian military service, and HISTORT OF LOS ANOELBS COUNTY. served four years in the Ninth Regiment of Prussian Hnssars. After his discharge from the service he was employed in agricultural pur- suits until 184-7. In that year lie emigrated to the United States, and, upon his arrival, went to the Western country and was engaged at farm labor in Wisconsin and Michigan. 1ti 1849 the California gold fever prompted him to seek his fortune in the El Dorado of the Pacific Coast, and in the spring of that year he joined a party of emigrants and started across the plains for California. This jouri;ey was made by ox teams, the route taken being through Utah, and thence by the Southern route to California. Late in the year Mr. Smith arrived in San Bernardino County, where he remained until the following spring, and then came to Los Angeles County and located in Los Angeles, where he established a boarding-house, which he conducted until 1851. Li that year he came to El Monte and took up a Government claim for 160 acres of land, located about one mile east of El Monte. Here he established his residence and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. For nearly forty years Mr. Smith has resided upon his farm, giving years of steady toil to its improve- ment and cultivation. With the exception of planting a small family orchard his operations have been confined to hay, grain and stock- raising. His long residence here has made him well known throughout the San Gabriel Valley, and his straightforward dealings with his fellow- men and his consistent course of life have gained him the respect and esteem of liis associates. In political matters he is a sound Republican, and has supported that party since its organiza- tion in 1856. Duiing the late war he was a strong Union man and a firm supporter of the National Government. In 1850 Mr. Smith was united in marriage with Miss Elinira Pierce, a native of New Hampshire, and a cousin of President Franklin Pierce. She died in July, 1887. From this marriage there were two chil- dren born. The first child, Mary, died August 27, 1864, aged twelve years. The second child, Nicholas, is now (1889) living upon the old homestead and engagetl in conducting the farm operations. He married Miss Julia Newman in 1888. She is the daughter of John and Ade- lina Newman, residents of El Monte. Of this union one child has been born, Nicholas Erwin. ILLIAM H. SOUTHER is one of the pioneers of California, and, during the forty years he has resided in the State, has been engaged in some of the most extensive mining and irrigation enterprises that have been projected. He is a native of Oldham County, Kentucky, dating his birth in 1823. His par- ents, Abraham and Catherine (Harding) Souther, were both natives of that State. In 1887 his father moved to Moultrie County, Illinois, where he was extensively engaged in farming, milling and other enterprises. He was a prominent and leading man in that section. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in that county, and in hisyoung manhood engaged with his father in his various enterprises. In 1848 ho conducted a drove of cattle to Mineral Point, Wisconsin, in which he was successful. In the spring of 1849 he entered into partnership with John Phillips and started across the plains for Cali- fornia. At Salt Lake Mr. Souther left the train and entered this State via the Truckee route- Mr. Phillipsendeavored to enter the Stwte through Death's Valley, but met with disaster and lost, the whole outfit. Upon his arrival Mr. Souther located at Auburn, Placer County, and soon be- came engaged in extensive mining operations. He was a man of broad views and courage to enter into large enterprises. In connection with Messrs. Bowen and Butterfield, he cut the first tunnel turning the middle fork of the American River, at Horseshoe Bend. The bed of the river thus exposed afterward yielded millions of dollars' worth of gold. In 1850 he sold out and located at Michigan Bluffs and opened mines at that point, many of which in later years proved immensely rich, among which was the noted Grey Eagle Mine, which in 100 days produced uisTonr OF ws anobles county. $100,000. In 1852 Mr. Siriither returned East, and after a short stay caine the second time to California, by the overland route, and located at San Leandro, Alameda County, where he en- gaged in general farming, and also in stock- raising in the San Joaquin Valley. In 1867 he moved to Gilroy, Santa Clara County, and for the next seven years was farming and stock- growing on the well-known Pacheco Ranch. In 1874 he located at Bakei-sfield, Kern Connty, and for several years was engaged in large farm- ing operations in that section. While there he became interested in the large irrigation schemes of that period and was superintendent of the Kern Island Canal and the Buena Yista Canal. These enterprises required over a million dollars of capital, and necessitated the constructing of hundrediof miles of ditches. The duties and responsibilities of Mr. Souther's position soon broke him down and he was compelled to sus- pend his labor and seek a restoration of health. In 1878, after a partial recovery, he came to Los Angeles County and located at Newhall. There he engaged in extensive farming and stock grow- ing, occupying about 1.3,000 acres of land in his operations. Not meeting with the desired suc- cess in these enterprises, in 1881 he sold out anc' went to the Mojave and Calico Mines in San Bernardino County and spent the next two years in mining enterprises. In 1883 he returned East, remaining until the next year, when he again came to California. This time he located near Covina and entered into horticultural pur- suits upon a twenty-acre tract of land located in Covina school district, about one-fourth of a mile south of the San Bernardino road, and a half mile east of Covina. He has also under his care seventeen acres in orange grove belong- ing to his son. Mr. Souther is making a success in his fruit culture and is devoting his attention to deciduous as well as citrus fruits. He has ten acres in budded orange trees and about eight acres in apricots and French prunes. From three acres of apricot trees, in 1888, he gatiiered lifteen tons of tine fruit, the trees being but four \ \ years old. Mr. Souther is well known through- out a large section of California, and in whatever section he has resided he has gained tnany strong friends. He is a consistent Republican in poli- tics and has been prominent in the councils of that party. In Alameda County he was elected justice of the peace, holding the office ten years, and for four years was one of the associate judges of the county. He has been a member of the Christian Church since he was sixteen years old. In 1844 Mr. Souther married Miss Catherine Bigelow, of New York. She died in 1856, leaving live children, viz.: Angeline, now Mrs. A.E. Sawyer; Meream, now Mrs. Charles Wood; Elizabeth, now Mrs. C. Lathrop, all residents of San Bernadino County; Catherine, now Mrs. C. L. Connor, of Kern County; and William H., who is residing in San Francisco, and at this writing is cashier of the Home Mutual Insurance Company. In 1859 Mr. Souther married Miss Maria Huff, a native of Michigan. She died in 1879, leaving the following named children: Sarah, Lucien and Cally. Sarah is residing with her father and the others are residents of Kern County. fEORGE W. SELLS.— The subject of this sketch was born in Wyandotte County, Ohio, in 1846, and is the son of John Sells, also a native of Ohio, and nee Mary McKisson, who was born in Pennsylvania. She was related to the famous McCook family of Ohio. Mr. Sells was reared to farm labor, re- ceiving a fair common school education in his youth. Early in life he engaged in railroading, commencing as a brakeman, and rapidly rising to important positions. At eighteen years of age he was an engineer, and afterward was in charge of construction work, still later beinu- conductor of passenger trains. In 1868, his health failing, he came to California and lirst located at Los Angeles, where he was employed by the Southern Pacific Railroad Company as a freight clerk. He also purchased the Sweet Water Ranch in the Colorado Canon, and for HISTORY OF LOB ANGELES COVNTY. some time devoted himself to stock-growing. Not suited with that, he sold out and went to Sacramento, and in 1870 entered the employ of the Southern Pacific Eailroad as a conductor from Stockton to the Kern Itiver. In 1874 he located at Santa Barbara and conducted a black- smith shop until the following year, when he returned to Los Angeles County and rented a farm near Anaheim. Mr. Sells engaged, in general farming and stock-growing upon the farm land he purchased near Anaheim Land- ing, until 1878. In that year he returned to railroading and was engaged with the same company in various positions until 1882. Lie then took up his residence upon 160 acres of land at Vineland, and commenced its improve- ment. This land was then entirely wild and uncultivated, but well adapted to vine-growing. With his characteristic energy he applied him- self to viticulture and planted twenty acres of vines, also clearing his land for general farming. As his success became known other settlers came, and the town of Vineland was laid out, Mr. Sells devoting twenty acres of his land for the town site. In 1887 he erected a winery of 30,000 gallons capacity, and also a distillery. In these enterprises he was associated with Mr. John R. Opitz, since deceased. In addition to his home farm he also om'us twenty acres in the San Gabriel Canon, which he is devoting to fruit cultivation, mostly cherries, and eighty acres of general farming land on the coast near Anaheim Landing. Mr. Sells is one of the most enterprising and progressive men of Yineland, and has done much toward the building up and establishment of that place. He takes a lead in any enterprise that will develop the resources of his chosen section. He is a man of practical ideas which he puts into operation in all his enterprises. In the present year (1889) he was elected water commissioner of his district, and is largely interested in the Vineland Irrigation System. He is also a school trustee of the dis- trict. In political matters Mr. Sells is an inde- pendent Democrat. In 1888 he was a delegate to the Democratic County Convention. In 1881 Mr. Sells married Mrss Jessie Benton Wills, the daughter of William and Martha C. (Mardsdon) Wills. Mrs. Sells was born in Prescott, Min- nesota, in 1861. Her mother, now Mrs. Martha C. Davis, is a resident of Vineland. From this marriage there are two children: George Will- iam and Cora Edith. V^DWIN B. SMITH, of the firm of E. B. ■Mil '^'"'*''' ^ Go., is at the head of one of the ^' leading business establishments of Po- mona. This firm, consisting of himself and brother, W. D. Smith, was established in 1887, and afterward a partnership was formed with Messrs. Montgomery, Grant & Co., of Los An- geles, which continued until 1889. Their ware- house — devoted to agricultural implements, wagons, carriages, etc., — is located on the corner of Second and Ellen streets. Mr. Smith is a native of Richburg, Allegany County, New York, dating his birth January 6, 1843, his parents being William B. and Sarah (Tinkhain) Smith, both natives of that State. Mr. Smith was reared and educated in his native place and learned the trade of a wagon-maker. At the breaking out of the civil war in 1861, although less than eighteen years of age, he responded to the call of his country and entered the army as a private in Company C, Eighty-fifth Regiment of New York Volunteers. He served in that regiment for the full term of his enlistment of three years, and was a. participator in some of the hardest campaigns and severest battles of the war. His regiment was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, and was a part of Palmer's Brigade of Casey's Division at the siege of Yorktown, the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, and the memorable seven days' battle of the Peninsular campaign. After that he was in the Sixth Army Corps, and took part in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Get- tysburg, and Grant's overland campaign through the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Cold Harbor to the siege of Petersburg. At the expiration IIISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. of liis term of service lie was lioiiorably dis- cliarged and returned to his lioine in New York, after wliich he engaojed in work at his trade in the shops of liis fatlier until 1866. Pie then accompanied his father's family to Wisconsin and located at Eau Claire, where he engaged in farming until 1871. In that year he removed to Lyon County, Kansas, and established him- self in business in Hartford as a wagon-maker. There he remained until 1875 and then returned to his old hi)me in New York. Not suited with the prospects there, he engaged as a traveling agent for a manufacturing company until the next year, when he entered the employ of the Daniel Shaw Lumbering Company at Eau Claire, Wisconsin, and was their superintendent of supply camps, on the Chippewa River, until the mining excitement in the Black Hills, in 1878, induced him to try his fortune* in that direction. That not proving a remunerative occupation, he returned in the fall of that year to Eau Claire, and for the next five years worked at his trade. In 1883 Mr. Smith came to Los Angeles County and located in Pomona. He was first employed in the shops of his brother, W. D. Smith, but soon after established works of his own, and took the agency of well-known man- ufacturers of agricultural implements, wagons, etc. He was also interested in other business enterprises, the most important of which was that of well boring, with his brother. In June, 1887, he established his present business. Mr. Smith is also interested in horticultural pursuits, iuid is the owner of ten acres located about a mile and a quarter northwest of Pomona, which he has fully improved, planting a large variety of deciduous and citrus fruits. He and his brother, W. D. Smith, are also the owners of 160 acres at Cucamonga, which they are devot- ing to citrus fruits; Mr. Smith is one ol" the go ahead business men to whon) tlie city of Po- mona is indebted for the rapid growth it has made in the past five years. He is a strong Kepublican and takes a deep interest in the suc- cess of his party. He is a member of Vicksburg Post, No. 61, G. A. R., of Pomona, and also of Pomona Lodge, No. 225, A. O. U. W. He re- tains his membership in the Hartford (Kansas) Lodge, No. 61, I. O. O. F. In the Knights of Pythias he is a member of Etna Lodge, No. 107, and Uniform Rank, No. 4, of Pomona, and is First Lieutenant in the last-named order. He is a consistent member of the Baptist Churcli. September 1, 1862, Mr. Smith was united in marriage with Miss Garphelia A. Maxson, the daughter of David and Amanda (Coon) Max- son, of New Yoi-k. From this marriage there are eight children: Mary E., Alice E., Cassius M., Arthur S., Austin H., Jessie, William B., and Loy. Mary E. married Charles Woodruff, and is now (1889) residing in Gibbons, Ne- braska. The other children are members of their parents' household. ^ARRY E. SMITH dates his birth in Ricli- |B\ burg, Allegany County, New York, July Wi 12, 1849. His father, William B. Smith, was a native of that State, and was a blacksmith and wagon-maker by occupation. His mother, Cyntha (Tinkham) Smith, was also a native of New York. ' Mr. Smith was reared in his native place until 1866, when his father moved to Wis- consin and located at Eau Claire, where he en- gaged in farming. To that occupation the sub- ject of this sketch was reared, and later eucra"-ed in lumbering, and in the mills at Eau Claire. In 1871 he accompanied his father to Lyon County, Kansas, and there engaged in farming and stock-raising. In 1874 Mr. Smith married Miss Ida Tubbs, the daughter of Martin and Emma (Fuchfield) Tubbs, the former a native of New England, and the latter of England. After his marriage he continued his residence and farming occupations in Kansas until 1883. In that year he returned to Wisconsin and located in Dunn County, where he engaged in farming, and in the winters followed lumbering in the pineries. Afterward he went to railroading and was in the employ of the Minneapolis & Omaha Railroad, as foreman over buildings and repair Hisronr of los anoeles county. work, until 1887. lie then came to Los Angeles County, located in Pomona, and was employed as a clerk by his brothers in the firm of E. B. Smith & Co., until the next year, lie then en- tered into partnership with John Gould, estab- lished his present business under the firm name of Smith & Gould, dealers in coal, wood, hay etc., and opened his store on Second street be- tween Main and Thomas streets. Mr. Smith is an energetic and industrious citizen and is secur- ing a success in his business. In 1888 he was elected constable of San Jos^ Township, which responsible office he holds at the present writ- ing (1889). In politics he is a straightforward Republican, and a worker in the ranks of that party. He is a member of the Masonic frater- nity. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have three children: Emma E., Pearl and Myrtle. — '^m^w^^ — A. TEMPLETON. — This gentleman, though not an early settler of Soutli- * ern California, has thoroughly identi- himself with its best interests, and is rec- ognized as one of the rising young men of Los Angeles County. He came to this county in 1886 and purchased sixty acres of land a mile and three-quarters west of Compton, on which he has a fine vineyard of six acres, and a beau- tiful orchard containing seventy bearing orange trees, besides apples, apricots, peaches, etc. In . passing by his farm one is struck with the neat- ness and order of the surroundings. Mr. Tem- pleton is a native of Cole County, Missouri, born in Jefferson City, and is the son of Absa- lom and Louisa (Johnson) Templeton. His father is still living and is a wealthy farmer in Missouri. He had in all thirteen children, five by his first wife and eight by his second, the subject of this sketch being the third of the second family. Mr. Templeton came to the Golden State in 1882, and for a few years success- fully carried on farming operations in Santa P>ar- bara County. II ere he was married in November, 1885, the lady of his choice being Miss Lovilla Sheffield, a native of Dallas County, Iowa. They have two children: Olive Clare and Jessie Noelie. Mr. Templeton is a member of the I. O. O. F. fraternity at Compton, Centennial Lodge, No. 247, and his excellent wife is a communicant of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. fM. TIBBETTS, contractor, 150 North Workman street, East Los Angeles, is a * native of Indiana, and was born Decem- ber 15 1840. He attended school there until twelve years of age, when his parents removed to Iowa, in 1852, and settled in Des Moines County. There he was reared and educated. He learned the trade of carpenter and joiner of his father, who was a builder in the strictest sense of the word, and a prominent contractor. Upon the breaking out of the Rebellion, the subject of this sketch enlisted in the First Iowa Regiment at the first call for troops, in the three months' service, and was in the battle of Wilson Creek. He enlisted in the Twenty-fifth Iowa Regiment for three years; was with General Sherman in hisattackonVicksburg,in November, 1862; at the battle of Arkansas Post, January 11, 1863; and at Raymond, where the Captain of his company was taken prisoner. Mr. Tib- betts was promoted to the Second Lieutenancy; was at Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, and through the siege of Vicksburg, where he was promoted to First Lieutenant. He was in numerous battles and raids, and was taken sick in crossing the country, and sent to the hospital at Paducah for a short time, this being his only sickness during his service. He joined his regi- ment at Chattanooga, and in crossing the river, owing to a break in the pontoon bridge, his regiment was thrown with Hooker, and he served under liim at the battle of Lookout Mountain; was in a number of battles and in the siege and capture of Atlanta. After the siege he was one of the lucky ones to draw a furlough; was with Sherman on his memorable march to the sea, at the capture of Savannah, in HISTORY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. the marcli across South Carolina, and being on the skirmish line, his regiment was the first to enter Columbia. After the surrender of that city, Lieutenant Tibbetts was placed in command of the arsenal. He was at the battle of Benton- ville, the last battle of the war; then to Raleigh, Eichniond, and Washington, receiving his pre liminary discharge at the latter place, June 6, 1865. After the war he returned to Iowa, and engaged in farming until 1871. He then became interested in building. In 1873 he came to California, reaching Marysville, October 1. He engaged in building there and in Butte County. In 1881 he came to Los Angeles, and since then has been identified with the contracting and building interests here. Mr. Tibbetts was united in marriage, September 19, 1862, to Miss Jo- anna McNeal, a native of Adams County, Ohio. They have had three children, only one of whom survives, Nannie L., now Mrs. Frank J. Cooper, residing on Downey avenue, East Los Angeles. •^•^'^ fTEPHEN TOWNSEND, one of the chief business men of Pasadena, moved from Hamilton County, Indiana, his birthplace, to Iowa, when very young, and lived on a farm near Iowa City until he arrived at the age of legal majority. On coming to California, in 1867, he entered the fruit business; but about seven years ago he began taking contracts for street and railroad work, and has had some of the largest contracts in Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties, handling over $250,000 cash. He secured the first franchise for a street railway in Pasadena, organized the Pasadena Street Railway Company, and built the road; also built nearly all the street railroads in the city, as also the Alhambra and Altadena Street Railroad. He is now president of the company named, and is sole proprietor of the mills of the Pasadena Milling Company, which do a pros- perous business. At present he has some large contracts for street grading in the city of Los Angeles. He is a member of the city council. In short, Mr. Townsend is one of the most active business men in the county. In 1869 he married Annie Carroll, and his family consists of two daughters and a son. — ^€®»Jil>-^- fTIBBET, farmer, near Santa Monica, was born in Medina County, Ohio, December " 18, 1822, and is a son of Jonathan and Huldah (Root) Tibbet. His father was born in New York State, and his mother in Vermont, and they trace their ancestry back to the Ger- mans. They had a very large family, fourteen children in all, of whom the subject of this sketch is the sixth. He spent his early life like most other boys, and at the age of twenty-two years was married. He chose for the partner of his life Miss Pluebe Paint, of Akron, Ohio, but formerly from New York State. Her parents' names were Stephen and Eleanor (Scofield) Paint. Her father was a pioneer of Ohio and a well-to-do farmer. In 1840 Mr. Tibbet with his family started for California, across the plains. Leaving the Missouri River, July 4, 1849, he arrived in Los Angeles, February 17, 1850. He at once went to the mines in El Do- rado County, where he was very successful. On one particular day he took out $8,580 worth. After this he went back to Ohio and remained until 1853, when he again set his face toward the setting sun, bringing with him a drove of cattle and sheep. He came by the old Spanish trail, or Southern route, and was among the first to venture on its perilous way. After arriving at El Monte he farmed successfully for several years, when he moved to Compton, and subse- quently bought 100 acres of land where he now lives, four miles northeast of Santa Monica. This farm he has improved, and to-day he is running a dairy of nearly a hundred cows, being one of the leading dairymen in the county. Mr. and Mrs. Tibbet have reared three children, all now married and doing well. They are: Sa- mantha, wife of William M. Snody, of El Monte; Jonathan F., of San Luis Obispo HISTORY OF LOS ANOELES COUNTY. County, and ThcEbe J., wife of P. N. Arnold, of San Diego Connty. Mr. and Mrs. Tihbet liave been among the very first to enter the wild wastes of what has since become, as it were, the garden of the world. They have bravely met and faced the hardships and privations of pio- neer lifJB, and have toiled together, liand in hand, to make a home, in which tliey have been suc- cessful; and they are now living at ease and comfort, having contributed their share to the material advancement of the interests of the county they love so welL fOIlN M. THOMAS.— Among the well- known men of Los Angeles County is the above named gentleman. Mr. Thomas was born in Kandolph Connty, Indiana, February 14, 1836. His parents were Benjamin and Eliza (Morris) Thomas, the former a native of South Carolina, and tlie latter of North Caro- lina. They both came to Indiana when chil- dren, and were reared in that State. The subject of this sketch was reared on his father's farm, and when but fourteen years of age the death of his father threw upon him the care and responsibility of the farm and family; and he was thus early in life not only inured to hard labor, but was taught to bear the burden and responsibilities of manliood. He continued upo n the old homestead in Indiana until 1856, wlien he moved to Nebraska and commenced pioneer farming in that new country. In 1859 he continued his westward march and came across the plains to California, arriving in Plu- mas Connty in August, 1859. There he en- gaged in mining and logging until the next January, when he moved to Nevada and located in Thomas's Canon, near Washoe Valley. There he engaged in the lumber business, owning mills and carrying on an extensive business for years. During that time he was also engaged more or less in mining enterprises. In 1868 Mr. Thomas closed out his business in Nevada and returned to California, locating in Los An- geles Connty, at El Monte, where lie engaged in farming until the fall of 1871: He then turned his attention to sheep-raising, and spent the next two years in San Bernardino County. In 1873 he retnrned to Los Angeles Connty, and had his herds in various locations until 1877. In that year he rented the Town Kanch and other lands wliere the town of Wliittier now stands. From nearly his first occupation of those lands he commenced their purchase. In his sheep-raising and general farming he was successful, and was soon the owner of a large tract of land. In 1886 he sold out his inter- ests at Whittier to Birch & Bold, and established his residence in Los Angeles. In January, 1887, Mr. Thomas became interested in Monrovia, purchasing 160 acres, known as the Beal Ranch, located on the north side of Banana avenue. Upon this he has made many improvements in tree-planting, and he has also developed three inches of water in the Clam-Shell Canon. At this writing Mr. Thomas is the owner of ninety acres of his original purchase, mostly hill and canon land. He has nine acres planted with fruit trees, three acres in oranges, and the bal- ance in deciduous fruits, comprising apples, apricots, plums, peaches, etc. He is an ener- getic and enterprising man, and is destined to have one of the finest places in Monrovia. He is a believer in the future possibilities of Mon- rovia, and is a strong supporter of any enter- prise that tends to build up that city and Los Angeles County. He is one of the incorpora- tors and a director of the Granite Bank of Mon- rovia. In political matters Mr. Thomas is a stanch Republican, and is well known as a worker in the ranks of his party. He has sev- eral times been a member of county and State conventions, and is also a member of the State Central Committee. For over twenty- five years he has been a member of the Odd-fellows order, and is now aflSliated with Los Angeles Lodge, No. 35. Mr. Thomas is a successful man in life's pursuits, and may well be styled a self- made man. His sterling qualities and con- sistent mode of life have a:ained him hosts of HISTORY OF LOS ANOBLES COUNTY. friends in whatever coinnmnity he has resided. Although he has many interests in Monrovia, he still retains his residence in East Los Ange- les. In 1866 Mr. Thomas married Miss Jane Champion, the daughter of James Champion, of New York. There is but one child from this marriage, Mary Nevada, now the wife of Milton S. Monroe, of Monrovia. tLBERT T. TAYLOR is one of the well- known residents and horticulturists of the old Duarte section. In January, 1881, he purchased twenty-five acres of partially im- proved land on what is now California avenue, in the Monrovia school district, about one mile south of the city of Monrovia. He cleared this land and entered into horticnltnral pursuits and now, 1889, has one of the representative places of his section. His improvements are first-class, comprising a cheap cottage residence. He has seventeen acres in fruit trees, nearly all in good bearing, a'lnong which are 250 seedling and budded orange trees and seventy English walnut trees. The rest comprises a large variety of deciduous fruits such as apricots, peaches, apples, pears, French prunes, plums, nectarines, quinces, tigs, etc. All of the present improvements have been made by him. Mr. Taylor is a pioneer of California, and a review of his life will be found of interest. He is the son of James and Mary (Pickard) Taylor, and dates his birth in Penob- scot County, Maine, September 18, 1822. His parents were both natives of that State and de- scendants of old colonial families. Mr. Taylor was reared to the life of a New England farmer, receiving such an education as could be obtained in the common schools. Of these advantages he availed himself so well that at the age of nine- teen years he became a teacher of otliers, and continued in the occupation of teaching and clerking until 1844. lie then moved to Boston, Massachusetts, and engaged in mercantile pur- suits as a clerk until the gold fever of 1849 swc])t over the country and di'tcnnincd him to try his fortunes in the new El Dorado. In the spring of 1849 he joined a company of forty- nine persons, called the Sagamore and Sacramento Manufactnringand Mining Company. Tliis party left Boston in March of that year, proceeding to Booneville, Missouri, where they fitted out for a trip across the plains. Many dissensions arose in the company, and upon their arrival at the Platte River, they disbanded and formed themselves into five companies, each company making their own way toward California. The company of which Mr. Taylor was a member took the South Pass route, and came into the State via Sublett's Cut-off. They were subjected to many hardships from loss of animals, etc., and Mr. Taylor made over 300 miles of the journey on foot. His first location was on the Sacramento River, about thirteen miles from what is now the town of Colusa. There lie re- mained until June, 1850, when he located at Placerville. He engaged in mining enterprises with varying success, and was one of the pio- neers in sluice mining in the El Dorado County. He also engaged in mercantile pursuits, estab- lishing and conducting two general merchandise stores. Mr. Taylor followed his various enter- prises until the discovery of silver mines in Ne- vada, in 1859, when he went to that State and located at Carson City. He was one of the pio- neers of that place. After selling dry-goods and clothing for two years he entered upon market gardening, suppl^nng Carson City and the sur- rounding country. In this he continued until 1867. In 1868 he returned to California and established his residence at Santa Cruz, where he continued his gardening operations atid also engaged in general farming. In January, 1875, Mr. Taylor came to Los Angeles County and located at Westminister and engaged in agri- cultural pursuits until he came to his present residence. During his forty years of residence upon tlie Pacific Coast, Mr. Taylor has devoted most, of his attention to agricultural and horti- cultural pursuits. He raised the first peaches over grown in El Dorado County, in 1856. He states that lie sol-^.4 fB. WALTER, a retired farmer residing near Downey, was born in Highland * County, Ohio, in 1812. He is a son of John and Mary (Bentloy) Walter, natives of Vir- ginia, and early pioneers in tiie Buckeye State. niSTORT OF LOS ANGELES OOUNTT. In 1837 tliey moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, where tlie father died about the close of the' war. IiilS45 Mr. Walter located in Washington County, Iowa; after a short time moved to Van IJuren County and still later went to Lee County. In 1852 he came overland, with ox teams, to the (Toldeii State, leaving his home April 12, and landing in San Jose, November 12. Here he engaged in farming and was very successful in raising wheat for twenty-five years. In 1878 he moved to Los Angeles County. Since com- ing here he has purchased real estate in differ- ent parts of the count}', at Long Beach, San Diego, and has several farms, all within a mile and a half of Downey. Mr. Walter has been twice married, first in Iowa, in 1843, to Miss Tabitha Shepard, of Ohio, born near Bridgeport. They had three children, all of whom, with the mother, died in Iowa in 1848. In 1849 Mr. Walter was united in marriage with Miss Ann Gruewell, of Quincy, Illinois. This union was blessed with two daughters: Georgiana, now Mrs. liev. II. R. Pratt, of San Diego; and Mary M., now Mrs. Henry Stephens, living near Downey. The mother of these two daughters died in Santa Clara County in 1856. — ^€@::»->¥ — fF. WOODWARD.— No other business institution of a city or town exerts such ® an influence in creating a reputation, good or bad, for the place as its hotels; for there is a deal of truth in the i^dage that the way to a man's heart is through his stomach. Feed and sleep one well during his sojourn with you and he will bear away pleasant memories of you. Among the many attractions of Los Angeles not the least are its hotels, prominent among which is the Hoffman House, with its cozy office, its broad, easy stairways, bright airy halls, large, sunny guest rooms, richly furnished, and its spacious dining-room with its well-spread tables. The Hoftnian is situated on North Main street, and occupies the block bounded by Main and New High streets and PostofHce court ami So- nora street, thus having the advantage of four fronts and four independent stairways, furnish- ing ample egress in case of fire, and also sup- plying abundance of sunligiit and pure air to all parts of the hotel. The first floor is occupied by the office, dining-room, kitchen, laundry and bar. The second and third stories are devoted to guest rooms, of which there are seventy. Thirty of these — front rooms — have their own private bath-rooms and closets, and each contains an open fireplace and mantel. The beds are all hair mattresses, manufactured to order expressly for the Iloft'man House, and are of excellent .quality. Among other modern conveniences of a first-class hotel, the IIoff"man is furnished throughout with electric call bells. The furni- ture of the house is mahogany, antique oak and cherry; and the carpets in the front rooms are moquet and velvet, and in the other rooms body brussels. The Hoftnian has the largest and most sunny rooms, the purest air, and is replete everywhere with the elements of home comfort. The proprietor of the Hoffman House, J. F. Woodward, may be said to be a " born" hotel man, for he was born and reared in his father's hotel in Bath, Steuben County, New York, and has spent nearly all his life in a hotel either as employe or proprietor. He stood behind the counters as clerk of leading hotels in Chicago, Indianapolis, and other Eastern cities twelve years, and served two years at the carving-table under one of the principal caterers in the city first named. P'or a number of years before coming to the Pacific Coast he successfully con- ducted a hotel in Fort Worth, Texas. In 1880 he took charge of the Mojave House, a railroad hotel, in the town of the same name, which became very popular under his management, feeding several hundred a day at times. Since coming to Los Angeles Mr. Woodward was lessee and proprietor of the new United States Hotel, in whicii he made the handsome sum of $20,000 in seven months, during the late real- estate boom. He has won a wide and enviable reputation as a gentlemanly host and a liberal caterer. In May, 188'J, he leased the Vance BISTORT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY. House, the leading hotel in Eureka, Hninboldt County, California, of which he is also proprie- tor, and which is conducted under his direction. Mr. Woodward was forty years of age in June last. He was married about fourteen years ago. ^' • =• •^"♦"''-t'"^ ■ "^ l^OMAYNE WILLIAMS, one of the most 1l^ prominent business men of Pasadena, was ^^ born in Greene County, New York, No- vember 25, 1847. He followed agricultural pursuits until seventeen years of age; went to Coxsackie, that State, where he was engaged two years in the employ of E. V. Beatty, dry-goods merchant; then, in 1867, to Troy, same State, where he was employed two years in the large dry goods establishment of Haverly & Frear; next, for four years, he was engaged in wholesale millinery for C. H. Eising; then live years for (t. V. S. Quackenbush & Co., dry-goods merchants; and finally, in 1877, he emigrated to the Golden State, arriving in Pasa- dena with but a few dollars in purse. Here his first task was to take charge of the property of Hodgktns & Wood for a year, at |20 a month. During this time he bought of A. M. Boughton five acres of land on Fair Oaks avenue, paying therefor $200 down, and giving mortgage for the balance due. At the close of his engage- ment with Hodgkins it Wood, he was enabled, with the assistance of his wife, to pay the whole debt. Next, for a year, he was a salesman in the grocery of Sherman Washburn, whom he then bought out, and coi tinned the business under the firm name of R. Williams & Co. This stand he sold out July 1, 1885, to W. O. Swan, Jr. In the meantime he had erected a building on the northeast corner of Fair Oaks avenue and Colorado street. Since that time he has specu- lated considerably in real estate, and has by eco- nomical management amassed a fortune. He built the first substantial business block in Pasadena, which no doubt determined the pres- ent location of the business portion of the city. He has worked hard for the interests of the place, and thinks it has a brilliant future. He is a director in the San Gabriel Valley Bank; vice-president and director of the Fair Oaks Street Railway; stockholder in the Pasadena Manufacturing Company, one of the largest bnsiness firms in the city; was one of the cor- porators of the Pasadena Gas and Electric Light Company, and is now its treasurer; and was one of the promoters of the cable railroad to Wilson's Peak, the objective point for the new observa- tory now in contemplation. In company with C. S. Martin, he owns the site of Wilson's Peak, and they have tendered to the University of Southern California a tract of land for the obser- vatory. Mr. Williams married Miss Ella Mor- rison, of Troy, New York. They have one son. fB. WEIMER, carpenter and builder, 49 West Fifth street, Los Angeles, was born ** in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, April 20, 1855, and is the third son of six children of Jeremiah and Elizabeth Weinier. He attended school in his native State and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner. In 1875 he went to Nebraska and lived there several years; then went to Kansas, where he spent two years; came to Los Angeles in 1882, and began working at his trade for a time, and afterward engaged in building. By his industry and close attention to the interests of his bnsiness he has secured a good custom trade. '^■^■^ f HERMAN WASHBURN, Pasadena, is a native of New York, having been born in Steuben County. His early life was spent on a farm. At the age of twenty one years he moved to Rockford, Illinois, where, for five years, he was connected with the J. H. Manney Manufacturing Company. From Rockford he went to Marshalltown, Iowa, and was there en- gaged in the grocery business for about ten years. In 1860 he moved to Carson, Nevada, HISTORY OF LOS ANQELBS COUNTY. and, after remaining there two years, came to California in the fall of 1873, locating in Pasa- dena. He piirciiased fifteen acres in the Berry and Elliott tract, where he built a home and en- gaged in the grocery business for a time. He next entered into the real-estate business in companj' with Charles Watts, and later he was interested in building the San Gabriel Railroad, i)f which he was treasurer. At the present writing he is director of the San Gabriel Valley Bank. Mr. Washburn is one of those energetic and enterprising men whose influence is always directed in the channel Avhich tends to develop the resources of the country in which he resides, not only for his own benefit, but for the general good of the community. fACOB WEIL, 116 Pico street, Los Angeles, was born in Bavaria, Germany, October 24, 1828. He emigrated to the United States in 1846, landed at Xew Orleans and went direct to Louisville, Kentucky. After remaining there some time, he went over into Indiana and spent several years in New Alban}' and Salem. He next went to Louisiana, and from there came to California by way of the Isthmus, reaching San Francisco in 1853. The following year he came to Los Angeles on the old steamer Sea Bird, and started a small store at El Monte, a few miles east of Los Angeles. He soon extended ills trade and successfully carried on the business there over twenty years, until 1877, when he went to Kern County and engaged in mercan- tile business at Bakerstield for several years. He then returned, his family residing here; and since that time has not been engaged in active business, but gives his attentioTi to improving his property. In 1888 lie built his large block on Main street. He purchased the lot in 1867 for S2.500 and refused 890,000 for it before the building was erected. He also owns other prop- erty. Mr. Weil is the architect of his own fortune, for when he began life he iiad no capi- tal, and his success is due to his own efforts. In April, 1859, Mr. Weil married Miss Gette Hell- man, a native of Bavaria, and a sister of I. M. and Samuel Hellman, of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Weil have seven children: Amelia, Na- than (who is engaged in mercantile business on Main street, under the firm name of Rodriguez. & Weil, 407-409 North Main street, Los An- geles, Calitbrniaj, Alice, Morris, Clara, Adelle and Arme. ^ENRY WEBER, of the firm of Winter ay and was interested in the lumber business there. In 1861 he returned to San Francisco and engaged in building, being employed on Government work. He was foreman in the liglit-house department, and also in the en- gineer's and quartermaster's departments, for twelve or fifteen years. In 1876 he came to Los Angeles and engaged in contracting and building, and since then, for the past thirteen years, has been actively identified with building interests in this city. He and Mr. Collins are the oldest contractors in Los Angeles. One of the first heavy buildings erected by him was the old Odd Fellows' Hall. He also built the "Nadeau" for the San Francisco estate, the Central Block and two blocks on Court street, Los Angeles Gas Works, the Low Gas Com- pany's Works, Childs' Safe Deposit Building, the Lechtenberger Block, Shoemaker Block, and many others. He was elected and served as a meml)er of the city council of Los Angeles. Mr. Willard is a commissioned officer in the State National Guards, being signal officer with the rank of Major, and a member of the brigade staff. Major Willard is unmarried. His home IS p esided over bv his sister. 5^;-. ^i .^ ^%.'A :&■ '"■' -^"-^^^'- ■■:^' ./ _^'-^^<'. '^.