Class 
 Book. 
 
 ?^n ^ , 
 
 A^i^ 
 
 coPYRiGirr DEPosm 
 
A NUTSHELL 
 
 BY 
 
 H. B. WANDELL 
 
 FIFTH EDITION. REVISED AND ENURGEO. JULY. 1901 
 
 500 
 FACTS 
 
 ABOUT ST. LOUIS 
 
 Louisiana 
 Purchase 
 
 World's 
 Fair 
 
 1803 
 1903 
 
MISSISSIPPI VAL LE 
 TRUST CO. 
 
 N. W. Cor. Fourth and Pine Sis.' 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ^ ^ f^ 
 
 'capital and Surplus, $6,500,0i 
 
 A General Trust Company Business Transacted. 
 
 * * ♦ 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 |.L.^VL1^: i;. ADAMS. 
 WILLIAMSON BACON. 
 CHARLHS CLARK. 
 HARRISON 1. DRUMMONI) 
 AUGUST! tV ! WINd 
 DAVID U 
 
 AUCiUST ULtlM^K. 
 (HO. H. (iODDARI). 
 
 CIIAS. li. in 1 > "• 
 HRIlCKINRUKih I 
 \\!\\. \\ NOLKLR. 
 w h ORTHWIIN 
 
 li. cl.AV PIBRCE. 
 MOSES RUMSEY. 
 .1. C. VAN BLARCOV 
 JULIUS S. WALSH. 
 ROLl A wn.i S. 
 
THE 
 
 STORY OF 
 
 A GREAT CITY 
 
 
 IN A NUTSHELL 
 
 BY 
 
 Ht^-^B? Wan DELL 
 
 Fifth Edition Revised and Enlarged, 
 July, 1901. 
 
 500 
 KACTS 
 
 ABOUT ST. LOUIS 
 
 Louisiana ICflQ 
 Purchase lOUu 
 
 ^ar" 1903 
 
 CorYUKJIITEV, I'JOO, 
 
Fhih 
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 To the Progressive People of St. Louis, this 
 
 little book is most respectfully dedicated, with the 
 
 suggestion that they bear in mind the Scriptural 
 
 command found in The Sermon on the Mount — 
 
 Gospel according to St, Matthew; Chapter V., Verses 
 
 14, 15 and 16. 
 
 H. B. W. 
 
 A City that is set on a liill cannot 
 be liicl. 
 
 Keittier do men ligbt a candle, and 
 put it nnder a bnstiel, bnt on a candle- 
 stick : and it g^ivetli ligUt to all tliat are 
 in tlie lionse. 
 
 l<et yonr lig:lit so sliine before 
 tiiat tbey may see yonr g^ood works. 
 
 
>!. J.(.)l IS UITY UFFICEK 
 
 1. Mathew Kiely, Chief of Police. 
 
 2. Wm. Desmond. Chief of Detectives. 
 
 3. Jos. F. Dickman, Sheriff. 
 
 4. Holla Wells. Mayor. 
 
 5. Chas. Swingley/Chief Fire Department 
 
 6. Jos. L. Hornsby, Tresiclent Council. 
 
 7. Bernard Dierkes, Auditor. 
 
 8. L. F. Hammer, Jr., Collector. 
 
 9. James Y. Player, Comptroller. 
 10, James M, Franciscus, Jr., Treasurer. 
 
!^'' FACTS, I ASSURE YOU. 
 
 Proud of its history. 
 
 Owned by St. Louisans. 
 
 A typical American city. 
 
 Confident of a great future. 
 
 Owns its waterworks plant. 
 
 Most charitable city in the world. 
 
 Most hospitable city on the continent. 
 
 The terminus of twenty -four railways. 
 
 On the best of terms with all the world. 
 
 Independent of Eastern money lenders. 
 
 Home of the brainiest and bravest men. 
 
 The largest millinery market in America. 
 
 Makes 35,000,000 pounds of candy annually. 
 
 A city where bank failures do not occur. 
 
 The third largest grocery market in America. 
 
 The third largest clothing market in America. 
 
 Fourth city of the United States in population. 
 
 The largest horse and mule market in the world. 
 
 The largest hardwood lumber market in America. 
 
 A great center for the manufacture of freight cars. 
 
 The third largest dry goods market in the country. 
 
 Fourth in rank of American manufacturing centers. 
 
 Makes more street cars than any other city on earth. 
 
 Home of the most beautiful and best-dressed women. 
 
 The first city in the world that used electric mail cars. 
 
 The second largest shoe distributing point in America. 
 
 Reduces its bonded debt at the rate of $375,000 annually. 
 
 aianufactures more chairs than any other city in America. 
 
 The largest inland coffee distributing center in the Union. 
 
 World-famous for its production of wagons and carriages. 
 
4 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 
 
 America's largest receiving and shipping market for fruits. 
 
 The second city in the world in the production of wheat flour. 
 
 The commercial metropolis of the richest river basin on earth. 
 
 Third in the rank of American furniture manufacturing centers. 
 
 Manufactures three -fourths of America's output of plug tobacco. 
 
 First city in America to sprinkle its streets by municipal contract. 
 
 Ships and sells more than 75,000,000 pounds of barbed wire yearly. 
 
 Third city in the United States in the shipment of second-class mail. 
 
 The world's greatest distributing center for agricultural implements. 
 
 The third city in the United States in the manufacture of furniture. 
 
 Manutactures more tobacco than any other city in the United biate*. 
 
 The first city in America that illuminated its streets and alleys uni- 
 formly with electricity. 
 
 The only city in the world that has held eighteen consecutive and 
 self-supporting expositions. 
 
 Leads in the production of reclining chairs. 
 
 Leads in the manufacture of boots and shoes. 
 
 Leads in the manufacture of hats for America. 
 
 Leads in the manufacture of caps for America. 
 
 Leads in the manufacture of gloves in America. 
 
 Leads in the manufacture of caskets and coffins. 
 
 Leads in the output of American-made chemicals. 
 
 Leads in the manufacture of crackers for the world. 
 
 Leads in the manufacture of jeans clothing for America. 
 
 Leads in the production of America's proprietary medicines. 
 
 Leads in the manufacture of trunks for the western hemisphere. 
 
 Leads in the saddlery and harness business of the United States. 
 
 Leads in the sale of bags and bagging for the western hemisphere. 
 
 gt* gouie ^ae: 
 
 Population. 575,238. 
 
 6,500 factories of all kinds. 
 
 A river front of 19.15 mile. 
 
 432.08 miles improved streets. 
 
 An area of 62i4 square miles. 
 
 20 public parks; acreage 2176.59. 
 
 The best credit of any city in America. 
 
 $5,000,000 invested in public school property. 
 
 Several prolit sharing concerns on a large scale. 
 
 A waterworks plant which cost more than $30,000,000. 
 
 An average elevation above the level of the sea of 504 feet. 
 
 A bank and trust company capitalization and surplus aggregating 
 
 $42,785,.537. 
 Largest wholesale shipping station in the world (Cupples' station). 
 The largest railroad interlocking switch system in the United States. 
 
ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 5 
 
 64 hotels. 
 41 hospitals. 
 
 21 convents. 
 
 23 libraries. 
 
 3 monasteries. 
 
 125 Public schools. 
 
 17 Baptist churches. 
 
 64 Catholic churches. 
 102 Pai'ochial schools. 
 
 12 Christian churches. 
 60 asylums, homes, etc. 
 32 Presbyterian churches. 
 20 Congregational churches, 
 
 13 Southern Methodist churches. 
 
 19 Methodist Episcopal churches. 
 
 22 Protestant Episcopal churches. 
 
 24 German Evangelical churches. 
 
 6 Orthodox Hebrew congregations. 
 
 4 Reformed Hebrew congregations. 
 
 5 English Evangelical Lutheran churches. 
 
 18 German Evangelical Lutheran churches. 
 
 97 churches of various denominations not otherwise listed. 
 54 academies and colleges (classical, scientilic and business). 
 48 Masonic bodies. 
 
 20 lodges Harugari. 
 
 14 Turners' societies. 
 
 6 camps Sons of \"eterans. 
 43 Odd Fellows lodges, etc. 
 
 25 councils Royal Arcanum. 
 
 19 lodges Sons of Hermann. 
 31 councils Chosen Friends. 
 
 21 lodges Knights of Honor. 
 
 20 councils Legion of Honor. 
 
 9 corps Women's Relief Corps. 
 
 38 Knights of Pythias lodges, etc. 
 16 camps Woodmen of the World. 
 27 tents Knights of the Maccabees. 
 
 22 councils Knights of Father Mathew. 
 
 65 lodges Knights and Ladies of Honor. 
 36 branches Catholic Knights of America. 
 11 groves United Ancient Order of Druids. 
 
 65 lodges Ancient Order of United Workmen. 
 
 10 councils Junior Order United American Mechanics. 
 
 9 posts and national headquarters Grand Army of the Republic, 
 bii-eatcst steel arch bridge in the world (The Eads), costing $10,000,000. 
 
6 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 
 
 488 miles of sewers. 
 42 singing societies 
 
 11 public gymnasiums. 
 130 labor organizations. 
 267 regular publications. 
 39 fire engine companies. 
 200 building associations. 
 One street 15.2 miles long. 
 
 19 rowing and athletic clubs. 
 One sewer 24 feet in diameter. 
 One sewer 30 feet in diameter. 
 
 12 hook and ladder companies. 
 The largest brewery in America. 
 The finest street cars in the world. 
 The only rubber factory in the West. 
 The world's largest cracker factory. 
 The largest lead works in the world. 
 The largest drug house in the world. 
 The largest brick works in the world. 
 The largest electric plant in America. 
 The finest botanical garden in America. 
 The largest railroad station in the world. 
 The largest iron rail factory in the world. 
 The largest hardware house in the world. 
 The largest sewer-pipe factory in America. 
 The largest white lead factory in the world. 
 The largest shoe house in the United States. 
 The largest woodenware house in the world. 
 The largest boot and shoe factory in America. 
 The largest terra cotta factory in the country. 
 The two largest tobacco factories in the world. 
 The largest stove and range factories on earth. 
 The largest jeans clothing factory in the world. 
 The largest tinware stamping plant in America. 
 The largest street car factories in the United States. 
 The largest exclusively carpet house in the country. 
 Boot and shoe trade amounting annually to $37,500,000. 
 The largest permanent hall in the West (The Coliseum). 
 A bag and bagging trade amounting annually to $3,700,000. 
 
 A trade in caskets and coffins amounting annually to $3,400,000. 
 14 private grain elevators ; aggregate capacity 1,935,000 bushels, 
 10 public grain elevators with a total capacity of 8,700,000 bushels. 
 INIore miles of streets that are sprinkled than any other city in America. 
 Manufactures more extensive than those of Kansas City, Omaha, 
 Denver and San Francisco combined. 
 
ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 7 
 
 450 miles of street railroads. 
 
 616.0208 miles of water mains. 
 
 108.04 miles of improved alleys. 
 
 6.8 miles of wood paved streets. 
 
 432.08 miles of improved streets. 
 
 207.35 miles of unimproved alleys. 
 
 13.16 miles of brick-paved streets. 
 
 441.62 miles of unimproved streets. 
 
 11.89 miles of asphalt-paved streets. 
 
 The tallest shot-tower in America. 
 
 50.36 miles of granite -paved streets. 
 
 10 garden theaters open in summer. 
 
 263.19 miles of macadamized streets. 
 
 8 regular theaters running in season. 
 
 119 miles underground wire conduits. 
 
 Annual flour trade amounting to $3,500,000. 
 
 Annual beer trade amounting to $18,000,000. 
 
 Annual candy trade amounting to $3,750,000. 
 
 Annual grocery trade amounting to $75,000,000. 
 
 Annual lumber trade amounting to $13,500,000. 
 
 Annual millinery trade amounting to $7,000,000. 
 Annual furniture trade amounting to $36,000,000. 
 
 Annual hardware trade amounting to $31,500,000. 
 
 Annual wooden ware trade amounting to $8,500,000. 
 
 Annual stove and range trade amounting to $2,700,000. 
 
 Annual piano and organ trade amounting to $2,800,000. 
 
 Annual trade in jeans clothing amounting to $3,750,000. 
 
 Annual hat, cap and glove trade amounting to $4,500,000. 
 
 Annual tobacco and cigar trade amounting to $40,000,000. 
 
 Annual paint and paint oil trade amounting to $6,000,000. 
 
 Annual glass and glassware trade amounting to $5,500,000. 
 
 Annual saddlery and harness trade amounting to $5,000,000. 
 
 \nnual dry goods and notions trade amounting to $80,000,000. 
 
 Annual trade in drugs, chemicals, etc., amounting to $35,000,000. 
 
 Annual iron and heavv hardware trade amounting to $l2,.'-.00,000. 
 
 Annual brick, terra cotta and clay product trade amounting to 
 $4,000,000. 
 
 Annual agricultural machinery and vehicle trade amounting to 
 $18,000,000. 
 
 A river traffic with merchandise receipts and shipments aggregating 
 757,590 tons (in 1900) . 
 
 Manufacturing industries, the value of whose products amounts to 
 $350,000,000. 
 
 Annual electrical trade, the sales of machinery, goods and supplies 
 of which amount to $23,000,000. 
 
 Two tobacco factories, either one of which pays more government 
 taxes than any in any other city. 
 
3 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 
 
 A courthouse that cost $2,200,000. 
 25 business exchanges and trade guilds. 
 \n average annual rainfall of 38 inches. 
 A public library containg 140,000 volumes. 
 4.63 miles of novaculite street pavements. 
 Most beautiful public park (Tower Grove). 
 Water supply of 100,000,000 gallons per day. 
 79.86 miles of common telford-paved streets. 
 The second largest public park in the world. 
 Annual income from water licenses $1,600,000. 
 A brewery output of 2,2s3.603 barrels of beer. 
 One hall with a possible seating capacity of 15,000. 
 An annual death rate of only 15.5 per thousand. 
 1391 policemen (including chiefs, captains, etc.) 
 Moie than 150 public eleemosynary institutions. 
 A railroad station building covering 11.10 acres, 
 2.90 miles of street paved with improved telford. 
 
 Water consumption of 61,000,000 gallons per day. 
 
 V flour industry that produced 1,346,059 barrels in 1900. 
 
 More miles of paved streets than any other American city. 
 
 \ tobacco industrv with an output in 1900 of 79,294,957 pounds. 
 
 The lar-e^t electric incandescent light station in the United States. 
 
 Longer annual period of sunshine than either New York or Chicago. 
 
 St. Louis' census in 1840 showed a population of 16.469. 
 
 St. Louis' census in 1850 showed a population of 7 i ,860. 
 
 St. Louis' census in 1860 showed a population of 160,773. 
 
 St. Louis' census in 1870 showed a population of 310,864. 
 
 St. Louis' census in 1880 showed a population of 3o0,518. 
 
 St. Louis' census in 1890 showed a population of 451,770. 
 
 First steamboat built in St. Louis in 1842. 
 
 St. Louis' citv hospital was opened in 1S47. 
 
 Lafayette Park acquired by St. Louis in 1844 
 
 The Mercantile Library was founded in 1846. 
 
 St. Louis' first harbor master appointed in 1843. 
 
 St. Louis' first health department created in 1843. 
 
 Bellefontaine Cemetery incorporated in May, 1849. 
 
 St. Louis' first public school building erected in 1846. 
 
 St Louis' first street commissioner appointed in 1843. 
 
 St Louis' first daily newspaper (The Herald) appeared in 1834 
 
 Merch-int^' Exchange Building on Walnut Street erected in 1856-5< 
 
 First overland mail tor California left St Louis on September 16, 18o8. 
 
ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 9 
 
 St. Louis Normal School opened in 1S57. 
 
 Aaron Bui'r visited St. Louis in July, 1805. 
 
 Christian Brothers' College opened in 1851. 
 
 Academy of Science Library founded in 1856. 
 
 St. Louis' public library was founded in 1865. 
 
 Missouri School for the Blind opened in 1851. 
 
 St. Louis' first underground sewer built in 1850. 
 
 St. Louis' paid fire department established in 1857. 
 
 Missouri Historical Society was established in 1865. 
 
 Tower Grove Park was donated to St. Louis in 1869. 
 
 " Year of the Gi-eat Flood " in St. Louis (June) , 1785. 
 
 St. Louis was made a port of entry under act of 1870. 
 
 St. Louis' first Episcopal Church was creeled in 1825. 
 
 In 1824, St. Louis' first Presbyterian Church was built. 
 
 St. Louis' fire alarm telegraph put in operation in 1858. 
 
 St. Louis' public school system was inaugurated in 1815. 
 
 The Spanish took possession of St. Louis on August 11, 1768. 
 
 In 1833 occurred St. Louis' first election of school directors. 
 
 St. Louis was granted a charter as a city on December 9, 1822. 
 
 The first newspaper printed in St. Louis was published in 1808. 
 
 St. Louis became United States soil by the treaty of April .30, 1803. 
 
 St. Louis' first daily mail from the East arrived in September, 1836. 
 
 Construction of St. Louis' courthouse was commenced in 1839. 
 
 Construction of St. Louis' courthouse was completed in July, 1862. 
 
 St. Louis' metropolitan police force was established by legislative act 
 In 1861. 
 
 The People's Party National Convention of 1896 was held in St. Louis 
 on July 25. 
 
 In 1896, St. Louis' vote for President was: Republican, 65,708; Demo- 
 crat, 50,091. 
 
 In 1892, St. Louis' vote for President was: Republican, .35,528; Demo- 
 crat, 34,669: Populist, 695; Prohibition, 247. 
 
 The Democratic National Convention held in St. Louis in June, 1876, 
 nominated Samuel J. Tilden for President. 
 
 The Republican National Convention of 1896 was held in St. Louis on 
 June 18, and nominated William McKinley. 
 
 In 1888, St. Louis' vote for President was: Republican, .33,252; Demo- 
 crat, 27,401 ; Populist, 173 ; Union Labor, 1,796. 
 
 Grover Cleveland was nominated for President by the Democratic 
 National Convention in St. Louis in June, 1888. 
 
 In 1898, St. Louis' vote for Judge of the Supreme Court was: Repub- 
 lican, 48,900; Democrat, .39.697 ; Populist, 220; Pi'ohibition, 88. 
 
 In 1894, St. Louis' vote for Supreme Court Judge was: Democrat, 
 29,113; Republican, .32,290; Populist, 680: Prohioitionist, 2,36; So- 
 cialist Labor, 1,357., 
 
TO FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 
 
 St. Louis was founded on February 14, 1764. 
 
 St. Louis' first bank was established in 1816. 
 
 St. Louis' first post-master was Rufus Easton. 
 
 St. Louis' first brick house was erected in 1813. 
 
 The Eads Bridge was dedicated on July 4, 1874. 
 
 In 1822, St. Louis purchased its first fire engine. 
 
 St. Louis suffered from cholera epidemic in 1832. 
 
 In 18 04, St. Louis' first post office was established. 
 
 The Southern hotel fire occurred on April 11, 1877. 
 
 In 1818, the first street paving was laid in St. Louis. 
 
 St. Louis' first Methodist Church was erected in 1821. 
 
 In 1821, St. Louis' first brick-paved sidewalk was laid. 
 
 Martial law was declared in St. Louis on August 14, 1861. 
 
 St. Louis was incorporated as a town on November 9, 1809. 
 
 St. Louis was swept by a devastating tornado May 27, 18%. 
 
 A Federal mint branch was established in St. Louis in 1829. 
 
 The Marquis de Lafayette visited St. Louis on April 29, 1825. 
 
 Washington University was chartered in 1853 and opened in 1859. 
 
 Pierre Laclede Liguest, founder of St. Louis, died on June 20, 1778. 
 
 St. Louis reverted to French dominion by the treaty of October 1, 1800. 
 
 In 1830, construction of St. Louis' first waterworks plants was begun. 
 
 The first directory of St. Louis was published, by John A. Paxton in 
 
 1821. 
 On December 7, 1812, the first territorial general assembly met in St. 
 
 Louis. 
 In 1832, St. Louis received it first supply of water from municipal 
 
 works. 
 St. Louis' first American court of justice was established in the winter 
 
 of 1804-5. 
 First line of telegraph from the East reached St. Louis in Decem- 
 ber, 1847. 
 The first steamboat to reach St. Louis was the Pike, which arrived on 
 
 August 2, 1815. 
 On May 26, 1780, St. Louis was attacked by Indians and a half a dozen 
 
 residents slain. 
 Pierre Laclede Liguest, aided by Auguste Chouteau, selected the site 
 
 which became St. Louis. 
 The first overland mail from California (24 days I814 hours) arrived 
 
 at St. Louis on October 9, 1858. 
 The first English school in St. Louis was opened by Messrs. Ratch- 
 
 ford and George Tompkins in 1808. 
 The municipality of St. Louis was separated from the County of St. 
 
 Louis under legislative act of 1875. 
 St. Louis' first American governor was Capt. Amos Stoddard, whoso 
 
 jurisdiction included the whole territory of Lousiana. 
 
ABOUT ST. LOUIS. II 
 
 St. Louis' first theater was erected in 1819. 
 
 In 1S22, St. Louis had a population of 4,800. 
 
 The first railroad entered St. Louis in 1851. 
 
 In 1801, St. Louis was visited by a smallpox epidemic. 
 
 Pontiac, the great Indian chief, visited St. Louis in iTfii*. 
 
 In 1799, a census of St. Louis showed a population of 92.5. 
 
 The first term of the St. Louis University opened on November 2, 1829. 
 
 St. Louis' greatest fire occurred on May 17, 1849, the loss aggregating 
 
 $3,000,000. 
 Missotiri's first constitutional convention was held in St. Louis on 
 
 September 18, 1820. 
 Francis L. Mcintosh, Missouri's first victim of lynch law, was burned 
 
 to death in St. Louis in 18.36. 
 The territory of Upper Louisiana was formally transferred to the 
 
 United States in St. Louis by Amos Stoddard on March 10, 1804. 
 
 ^0 %)oxx ^noxxt ®hat: — 
 
 90 laundries serve St. Louisans.-* 
 31 breweries brew St. Louis beer? 
 St. Louisans drink at 1927 saloons? 
 St. Louisans eat at 311 restaurants? 
 Milk is furnished St. Louis by .347 dairies? 
 Only 53 undertakers bury St. Louis' dead? 
 St. Louisans buy bread from 468 bakeries? 
 St. Louis is served by 543 carpenter shops? 
 St. Louisans are shaved at 846 barber shops? 
 St. Louisans are attended by 1672 physicians? 
 St. Louisans patronize 293 blacksmith shops? 
 St. Louisans buy medicines at 365 drug stores? 
 St. Louis buys sweets from 259 confectionaries? 
 St. Louis' legal affairs are adjusted by 737 lawyers? 
 St. Louisans get their meats from 712 butcher shops? 
 94 furniture stores supply St. Louis' household goods? 
 Pi'ovisions are sold St. Louisans at 921 retail groceries? 
 St. Louisans have their clothes made at 603 tailor shops? 
 St. Louisans buy tobacco at 5.36 cigar and tobacco stores? 
 100 livery stables supply horses and vehicles for St. Louisans? 
 St. Louisans' teeth are cared for by 228 dentist establishments? 
 Insurance is written for St. Louisans by 262 insurance agencies? 
 St. Louis houses are decorated by 139 wall paper establishments? 
 'St. Louis women have their gowns made at 1074 dress and cloak- 
 making establishments? 
 St. Louis' watches are regulated at 174 watch-making establishments? 
 
12 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 
 
 Gambling is prohibited by law in St. Louis? 
 
 47 retail hat stores sell hats to St. Louisans? 
 
 St. Louisans buy dry goods at 349 retail stores? 
 
 264 plumbing shops aid in St. Louis' sanitation? 
 
 St. Louis buildings are painted by 326 paint shops? 
 
 St. Louis' 73 miles of public sewerage cost $4,730,000? 
 
 The seating capacity of the Century Theater is 1,600? 
 
 The seating capacity of the Havlin's Theater is 2,800? 
 
 The seating capacity of the Olympic Theater is 2,508? 
 
 The seating capacity of the Imperial Theater is 2,048? 
 
 The Odeon and Masonic Temple are at Grand and Finney avenues. 
 
 The seating capacity of the Columbia Theater is 1,887? 
 
 The seating capacity of the Grand Opera House is 2,269? 
 
 Beethoven Conservatory is one of the most artistic buildings in St. 
 
 Louis? 
 The lirst Veiled Prophet pageant and ball took place in 1878? 
 St. Louis has one thousand and seventy-one streets and avenues? 
 St. Louis' Union Station was formally opened on September 1, 1894? 
 'J he corner-stone of St. Louis' Union Station was laid on July 8, 1893? 
 The first ground was broken for St. Louis' Union Station on April 1, 
 
 1892. 
 The Chamber of Commerce building on Third Street was erected in 
 
 1873. 
 The Grand Commander Knights Templars of Missouri resides in St. 
 
 Louis? 
 The seating capacity of Grand Music Hall in the Exposition Building 
 
 is 3,524? 
 St. Louis' Union Station grand central hall has a floor area of 8,880 
 
 square feet? 
 Heroic statues of Shakespear, Humboldt and Columbus are in Tower 
 
 Grove Park? 
 The statues of Washington, Lafayette and Benton, in Lafayette Park, 
 
 are world-famous? 
 More than 250,000,000 pieces of mail were handled in the St. Louis 
 
 Postortice during 1900? 
 The Grand Secretary and Grand Recorder of the State Grand Lodge, 
 
 Grand Chapter, Grand Encampment, Grand Commandery, Grand 
 
 Council Royal and Select Masters, and Grand Council O. H. P., 
 
 Masonic bodies, reside in St. Louis? 
 Natives of New England, New York, Indiana, Virginia, Ohio, Tennes- 
 see, Kentucky and Illinois, resident in St. Louis, have clubs? 
 St. Louis' longest and largest completed sewer is the Mill Creek, 4.75 
 
 miles long, with a 24-foot section, and costing $1,784,000? 
 The Nielson mulberry in Tower Grove Park grew from a slip cut 
 
 from, the tree that shades Shakespear's tomb at Stratford-on-Avon? 
 
ASOUT ST. LOUIS. 13 
 
 558 music teachers instruct St. Louisans? 
 
 19 foreign consuls are located in St. Louis? 
 
 The famous Grant statue is in City Hall Park? 
 
 St. Louis' sewerage cost to construct $ll,H92,.^00. 
 
 The High School on Grand Avenue was built in 1898? 
 
 142 millinery establishments serve St. Louis' fair sex? 
 
 The sites of the present City Hall and Exposition were city parks? 
 
 St. Louis has paid out $4,926,087.85 in the purchase of land for parks. 
 
 St. Louis' realty transfers in 1900 involved a total value of $25,000,000? 
 
 St. Louisans buv their footwear at 72(5 boot and shoe establishments? 
 
 Q^vevi^b0tfi^ 0tt0ht to ^now ®ljat:— 
 
 Eads Bridge is 6,220 feet in length. 
 
 Calvary Cemetery embraces 262 acres. 
 
 Bellefontaine Cemetery contains 350 acres. 
 
 O'Fallon Park is on Broadway near Bircher. 
 
 Carondelet Park is on Ninth Street near Kansas. 
 
 The salary of St. Louis' lire chief is $4,000 per annum. 
 
 St. Louis' Union Station cost approximately $6,500,000. 
 
 The St. Louis Star is published at Ninth and Olive streets. 
 
 The St. Louis Transit Company is capitalized at $90,000,000. 
 
 The St. Louis Exposition has been running eighteen years. 
 
 The United States sub-treasury at St. Louis has 19 employes. 
 
 United States sub-treasury in Louis handles $105,000,000 a year. 
 
 The St. Louis Republic has its office at Seventh and Olive streets. 
 
 The salary of the United States sub-treasury at St. Louis is $4,500.* 
 
 The Amerika of St. Louis is printed on Third street, near Chestnut. 
 
 The Westliche Post of St. Louis has its office at Broadway and 3Iarket 
 
 Street. 
 St. Louis' water supply comes from the Mississippi river at Bisscll's 
 
 Point. 
 The Christian Brothers' College of St. Louis is uote<l throughout the 
 
 world. 
 St. Louis University, world famous, is located on (iraud avenue, 
 
 between Lindell and West Pine Boulevards. 
 St. Louis is completing a city hall, the approximate cost of which is 
 
 $2,000,000. 
 The St. Louis Post -Dispatch is established on Ulive between Broad- 
 way and Sixth street. 
 The St. Louis Globe- Democrat building is on the southwest corner of 
 
 Sixth and Pine streets. 
 The City Hall fronts on Twelfth and Market Streets and Clark .V venue. 
 
1 4 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 
 
 .St. Louis' large 't park contains 1,;J71.94 acres. 
 
 The total cost of the Eads Bridge was $10,000,000. 
 
 St. Louis' hog receipts in ISD'J numbered 2,156,144. 
 
 St. Louis' sheep receipts in 1899 numbered 434,133. 
 
 St. Louis' cattle receipts in 1899 numbered 795,800. 
 
 The St. Nicholas Jl'otel is at Eighth and Locust Streets. 
 
 St. Louis' wool receipts in 1900 were valued at $8,000,000. 
 
 St. Louis' bank clearings in 1900 amounted to $1,688,849,494. 
 
 St. Louis' longest east and west street is Arsenal— 5.82 miles. 
 
 St. Louis' grain receipts in 1900 aggregated 61,144,804 bushels. 
 
 St. Louis' public parks represents more than $10,000,000 in values. 
 
 St. Louis' longest north and south street is Broadway— 15.2 miles. 
 
 St. Louis' manufacturing plants represent investments of $700,000,000. 
 
 A St. Louis building contains the largest plate-glass window ever 
 
 made. 
 The Lindell Hotel is on Washington Avenue between Sixth and Seventh 
 
 Streets. 
 The cash receipts of the St. Louis Post Office in 1900 amounted to 
 
 $2,031,664. 
 The letters originating in the St. Louis Post Office during 1900 number- 
 ed nearly 150,000,000. 
 The Beers Hotel is on the northwest corner of Grand Avenue and 
 
 Olive Street. 
 The Merchants' Bridge stretches from the foot of Ferry Street to 
 
 the Illinois bank. 
 The Custom House building is between Olive, Locust, Eighth and 
 
 Ninth Streets. 
 St. Louis Court House is between Broadway, Fourth, Chestnut and 
 
 Market Streets. 
 The lirand Avenue Hotel is on the southeast corner of Olive Street 
 
 and Grand Avenue. 
 St. Louis' manufactured products for 1901 are expected to approach 
 
 $1,000,000,000 in value. 
 St. Louis' leading hardware house occupies more floor space than any 
 
 other building extant. 
 Washington University is one of the most comprehensive educational 
 
 institutions in the world. 
 Fifteen thousand dollars was sent by the Merchants' Exchange to the 
 
 Johnstown flood sufferers in 1889. 
 A transfer ticket Mill take a street car passenger from any part of St. 
 
 Louis to Shaw's Garden or Forest Park. 
 The annual interest charges on St. Louis' outstanding municipal debt 
 
 amounts to $802,209.28, or 4.367 per cent, per annum. 
 Shaw's Garden is at Tower Grove Avenue and Old Manchester Road. 
 
ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 
 
 15 
 
 The Fullertonliuikliug is twelve stories high. 
 
 The Carleton Buildiug is ten stories iu height. 
 
 The Equitable Building is ten stories in height. 
 
 The Security Building is eleven stories in height. 
 
 The Union Trust Building is fourteen stories high. 
 
 The Holland Buildiug is thirteen stories in height. 
 
 The Chemical Building is sixteen stories in height. 
 
 The Lincoln Trust Building is twelve stories in height. 
 
 The Merchants' Bridge of St. Louis was erected in 1889. 
 
 Union Station was formally opened on September 1, 1894. 
 
 St Louis' cotton receipts in 1900 aggregated 1,011,587 bales. 
 
 St. Louis' street railways carried 10(5,9-')3,411 passengers in 1900. 
 
 The Archiepiscopal residence of Archbishop Kain is in St. Louis. 
 
 Forest Park main entrance is at Kingshighway and Lindell Boulevard. 
 
 Bishop 1). S. Tuttle, of the Episcopal Diocese of Missouri, lives iu St. 
 
 Louis. 
 Illuminating gas is sold to ordinary consumers in St. Louis for $1 per 
 
 1,000 feet. 
 St. Louis erected in 1900, 2,059 houses with an aggregate value of 
 
 $8,400,000. 
 Merchants' Exchange has contributed $700,000 for charitable purposes 
 
 since 1S6B. 
 The only shrine in the West blessed by the Pope is at the Visitation 
 
 Convent, Cabanue. 
 St. Louis' total city tax, exclusive of public schools aud state taxes, is 
 
 $1.30 per $100 of valuation. 
 Rev. Dr. J. M, Fitzgerald, Eesident Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal 
 
 Church, lives in St. Louis. 
 In 1892 Mississippi River flood sufferers were given $54,000 by the St. 
 
 Louis Merchants' Exchange. 
 St. Louis' rate of taxation in 1900 was $1.95 per $100 of valuation, which 
 
 is on a basis of about 60 per cent. 
 Lafayette Park Presbyterian Sunday-school is the largest in the 
 
 world, having an enrollment of 2,344 scholars. 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Avis, founder of the flrst Methodist missionary society, 
 
 died recently in St. Louis. She was nearly a hundred years old. 
 The Presbyterian Women's Board of Missions has a circulating 
 
 library after which many JCastern societies have modeled their 
 
 work. 
 The new $150,000 Second Presbyterian Church has a magnilicent 
 
 series of stained glass windows, each window in honor of a 
 
 former pastor. 
 The Presbyterian Church (North) of St. Louis has in the last year 
 
 contributed $13,560 to home missions and $5,229 to foreign missions. 
 
l6 FIVE HUNDRED FACTS 
 
 There are 385 letter carriers in St. Louis. 
 
 St. Louis is the home of Knckstuhl, the sculptor. 
 
 St. Louis' Fair Grounds have an area of US acres. 
 
 St. Louis holds its Forty-first Annual Fair in 1901. 
 
 St. Louis received 169,082 horses and mules during 1900. 
 
 Tower Grove Park is on Grand near Magnolia Avenue. 
 
 There are 75 Christian Endeavor Societies in St. Louis. 
 
 The salary of the St. Louis post-master is $6,000 a year. 
 
 The finest jewelry palace in the country is in St. Louis. 
 
 The Southern Hotel is at Broadway and Walnut Street. 
 
 The L^nion Station is at Eighteenth and Market Streets. 
 
 Number of railway postal clerks paid at St. Louis office, 350. 
 
 Thirty boys handle the special delivery letters for St. Louis. 
 
 Mary N. 3Iurfree (Charles Egbert Craddock) lives in St. Louis. 
 
 The total number of employes in the St. Louis post office is 1,380. 
 
 Winston Churchill, author of Richard Carvel, lives in St. Louis. 
 
 There are 5H3 clerks and 30 substitute clerks in the St. Louis post office. 
 
 The St. Louis Post Office ranks fifth in the country in money receipts. 
 
 St. Louis is unique in its interdenominational Woman's Missionary 
 
 Society. 
 The St. Louis Post Office ranks first in the country in ratio of expenses 
 
 to receipts. 
 A law establishes the rate of cab fare in St. Louis, and provides penal - 
 
 ties for violation. 
 The Four Courts building (Police headquarters) is at Twelfth Street 
 
 and Clark Avenue. 
 The $5,000 window at St. James Memorial Church is considered the 
 
 finest in the West. 
 Sufferers by the Chicago fire in 1871 received $150,000 from the St. Louis 
 
 Merchants' Exchange. 
 St. Louis is the home of Kate Chopin, noted as a writer of charming 
 
 stories of southern life. 
 Fee Fee Baptist Church was the first Protestant house of worship 
 
 west of the Mississippi. 
 The Eads bridge spans the Mississippi from the foot of Washington 
 
 Avenue to East St. Louis. 
 The Southern Methodist Orphans' Home in St. Louis is the best 
 
 equipped in the country. 
 The first $5 for the $100,000 Lindell Avenue M. E. Church was sub- 
 scribed by a washerwoman. 
 The highest church spire in St Louis is that of St. Alphonsus' 
 
 Church, 235 feet high; the next. Pilgrim Church, 229 feet; the 
 
 the next, SS. Peter and Paul's, 222 feet; and the fourth highest is 
 
 that of the Holy Trinity Catholic Church, 208 feet high. 
 
ABOUT ST. LOUIS. 1 7 
 
 Susan E. Blow, a St. Louis woman, is famous as the Mother of the 
 Kindergarten in America. 
 
 St. Louis' mayor receives a salary of $5,000 per annum. 
 
 St. Louis' chief of police receives $.'5,000 per year in salary. 
 
 Texas Hood sufferers in 1900 received $SO,000 from St. Louis. 
 
 The bonded debt of St. Louis at the end of the fiscal year 1890- 1900 was 
 only $18,916,278. 
 
 The new Holy Trinity Catholic Church is the grandest church build- 
 ing west of New York. 
 
 Merchants' Exchange contributed $267,450 for relief of victims of the 
 St. Louis cyclone in 1896. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 " Facts, I Assure You " 3 
 
 Historical 19 
 
 St. Louis To-Day 26 
 
 Free City of the West 33 
 
 A Financial Fortress 38 
 
 The Sinews of Trade 45 
 
 In Touch With the World 49 
 
 Grand Monuments of Progress 56 
 
 Centers of Commercial Activity 72 
 
 Impelling Forces 82 
 
 Rapid Transit 90 
 
 City of Beautiful Homes 94 
 
 Parks and Gardens 104 
 
 Education and Literature 112 
 
 Churches of St. Louis 124 
 
 Clubs and Fraternities 132 
 
 Recreation 140 
 
 World's Fair I46 
 
 World's Fair Location 164 
 
 Chronology of the Exposition 172 
 
 The Louisiana Purchase 178 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 St. Louis City Officers 2 
 
 City Hall 29 
 
 Union Station 41 
 
 High School on Grand Avenue 51 
 
 Mercantile Trust Company's Building 59 
 
 The Fullerton Building 69 
 
 Westmoreland Place 77 
 
 A Floral Bed in Tower Grove Park : 85 
 
 Sylvan Lake in Forest Park ., 97 
 
 Rabbit Island in Deer Paddock Lake, Forest Park 109 
 
 Circle Lake in Forest Park 119 
 
 Lafayette Bridge, Forest Park 135 
 
 Officers Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company 147 
 
 World's Fair Directors 157, 167, 179 
 
 National Commissioners, World's Fair 187 
 
1 
 
 ONG before the colonist from Europe had fought 
 and hewed his way to the Valley of the Missis- 
 sippi, an earlier population selected the present 
 site of St. Louis for urban pursuits. Their customs, 
 habits and lives were altogether unlike those of the 
 Caucasians who succeeded them centuries later ; but 
 the geographic and utilitarian advantages of the lo- 
 cality responded as readily to the efforts of the Mound 
 Builders as they did in subsequent ages to the purposes 
 of the pioneer trapper and trader. Archaeologists have 
 been unable to fix the precise era in which the Mounds 
 of North America were constructed. But a number of 
 these queer piles — mute messages from a mystic past — 
 have given St. Louis the name of the Mound City. 
 
 Aside from the purely speculative interest that clings 
 to these monuments of prehistoric masonry, facts of 
 peculiar significance cluster around the series of mounds 
 which dot the city and its environs. Each mass of 
 strangely-built rock and soil bears silent testimony to 
 
 19 
 
20 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 the fact that aeons ago an unknown people delved and 
 toiled and breathed and lived where now modern 
 modes of trade and traffic have established a bustling 
 metropolis. Each mound links the judgment of the 
 past with the enterprise of the present in the selection 
 of the site for a great city. 
 
 But accepted history is eminently practical, and, 
 eliminating the dreams of theorists on what might have 
 been, tells us that Pierre Laclede Liguest, known to his 
 companions as Laclede, was the founder of St. Louis. 
 It was in 1762 that the New Orleans firm of Maxent, 
 Laclede & Co. obtained from the French Governor 
 General of Louisiana, exclusive control of the fur trade 
 with the Missouri and other tribes of Indians as far 
 North as the River St. Peter. It was necessary to 
 establish a trading post in closer touch with the Indians 
 than New Orleans, and an expedition for that purpose 
 was fitted out. Laclede, the junior member of the 
 firm, was peculiarly qualified for the command of this 
 undertaking, and to him it was intrusted. 
 
 Leaving New Orleans on August 3, 1763, the hardy 
 band of frontiersmen under Laclede made their way 
 northward to Fort Chartres, where the goods and stores 
 of the party were put away while the members of the 
 expedition pursued their quest for a satisfactory post 
 site. The journey up the Mississippi had consumed 
 three months. Laclede himself, finding the graceful 
 curve in the Mississippi now marked by the Mer- 
 chants' and Eads' Bridges, declared that he would 
 seek no farther. Returning to Fort Chartres, he an- 
 
HISTORICAL. 2 1 
 
 nounced that he had "found a situation where he 
 intended to establish a settlement which might become 
 hereafter one of the finest cities in America." 
 
 But a rigorous winter intervened, and it was not 
 until February 14, 1764, that Auguste Chouteau, then 
 in his fourteenth year, arrived on the site of the future 
 St. Louis with thirty men belonging to Laclede's expe- 
 dition. Chouteau, though a beardless youth, was one 
 of those prodigies of pioneer days to whom age merely 
 meant seasoning ; and it was not regarded as extraor- 
 dinary at the time that he should be given charge of 
 the clearing party. So, while Laclede is recorded as 
 the founder of St. Louis, it was Auguste Chouteau who 
 directed the felling of the first tree on the tract now 
 occupied by St. Louis. 
 
 A tool shed and several log cabins were put together 
 in an open space which was afterward platted into the 
 block now bounded by Washington Avenue, Broadway, 
 St. Charles and Sixth Streets. The settlement was 
 named by Laclede himself. Though the territory had 
 been ceded to Spain in 1762, Laclede — a native of 
 Bion, in Southern France — named the trading post 
 after the patron saint of his sovereign, Louis XV. 
 There was no disposition among the hardy pioneers to 
 transfer their allegiance to the Spanish throne, and in 
 their own rough, honest ways they set about the task 
 of establishing law and order without the aid of the 
 governments across the sea. 
 
 On August II, 1768, Rios arrived to take charge of 
 the colony for Spain, under the authority of Don Juan 
 
2 2 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 de Ulloe, viceroy of Louisiana. But the settlers were 
 hostile to Spanish sway, and Rios, exercising rare tact, 
 avoided any rupture by neglecting to assert with any- 
 thing akin to ostentation the sovereignty of the crown 
 of Spain. So profitless was this occupation that on July 
 17, 1769, Spanish troops were withdrawn from Upper 
 Louisiana. 
 
 During this period the people of St. Louis were liv- 
 ing under a unique local administration. They had 
 given to St. Ange de Bellerive the authority of gov- 
 ernor, but he was reluctant to assume all the responsi- 
 bilities attaching to such office. Maintaining a wise 
 military supervision over the affairs of the settlement, 
 he was aided in the discharge of his civil functions by 
 Judge Lefebvre Inglebert Desbruisseau and Joseph 
 Labusciere. This democratic triune inaugurated the 
 system of registering land grants in 1766, Labusciere 
 officiating as notary. 
 
 It was in 1770 that the Spaniards formally took 
 charge of the territory, Don Pedro Piernos assuming 
 the governorship. The annals of those days would 
 find fitter place in the pages of romance than in the 
 less flowered records of simple history. Chivalry, 
 courage, hardihood and perilous emprises of varied 
 character and purpose make up most of the anecdotes 
 of that time. The adventurous courtier of Europe, 
 the sun-tinted chieftain of the forest, the silent trapper 
 and the hardy frontiersman met on common terms in 
 the Mississippi trading post. Here came the famous 
 Pontiac to visit friends, and being murdered while on 
 
HISTORICAL. 23 
 
 an excursion to Cahokia, here his remains were buried. 
 
 St. Louis, together with the rest of the great pro- 
 vince of Louisiana, was restored to French sovereignty 
 by the treaty cession of 1800, and three years later 
 through purchase from Napoleon became part of the 
 United States of America. 
 
 Through all the turmoil and carnage that distracted 
 the western hemisphere during those trying years, the 
 trading post thrived with relatively rare fortune. Only 
 one Indian attack was suffered in that time — on May 
 26, 1780 — when six of the settlers were slain. Tradi- 
 tion has it that the massacre would have become gen- 
 eral had not the plans of the redskins miscarried. 
 
 The first marriage ceremony performed in St. Louis 
 was solemnized on April 20, 1766. The first news- 
 paper of the settlement was established in 1808. The 
 first brick house which the town could boast was 
 erected in 181 3, followed three years later by the 
 establishment of St. Louis' first banking institution. 
 In 181 7 the people of this frontier settlement heard 
 the whistle of the first steamboat that reached St. 
 Louis, and in the same year the first board of school 
 trustees was organized. The settlement was incorpor- 
 ated as a town in 1809, and was chartered as a city in 
 1822. Ten years later an epidemic of cholera deso- 
 lated many homes in the growing city, and in 1849 
 there was another visitation of this dread plague, and 
 about the same time there was a great fire that de- 
 stroyed the business section of the city. In 185 1, 
 while St. Louis was yet engaged in shaking off the in- 
 
24 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 dustrial lethargy produced by the joint calamity of 
 epidemic and conflagration two years before, the first 
 railroad built in the Mississippi valley entered the 
 Mound City. 
 
 The shock of civil war and the travail and distress 
 of financial panics affected, but they did not stop, the 
 progress of the city. Passing with its sister cities 
 through the national trials and adversities that have 
 befallen the country, St. Louis has been always one of 
 the first to extend aid to the helpless and sympathy to 
 the afflicted. Sharing, too, in the national triumphs 
 and fortunes, St. Louis has outstripped most of her sis- 
 ter cities in growth and advancement, until now, on the 
 threshold of a new century, a world's interest is turn- 
 ing toward the metropolis that is to celebrate with an 
 historic exposition the entry of the Louisiana territory 
 into the dominion of the " Stars and Stripes." 
 
 On May 27, 1896, St. Louis was swept by a tornado. 
 The terrible storm caused the sacrifice of nearly as 
 many lives in the town of East St. Louis, across the 
 Mississippi, as were lost in the Mound City ; but here 
 it was that the greatest financial damage was suffered. 
 Though there can be no accurate record of the casual- 
 ties caused by the tornado, it is estimated that 215 
 lives were blotted out and 1,000 persons injured in St. 
 Louis. The money loss approximated ^15,000,000. 
 Reaching across the Mississippi River, where it de- 
 stroyed part of the approach to the Eads Bridge, the 
 terrific storm hurled itself through the south central part 
 of the city, demolishing houses and destroying every- 
 
HISTORICAL. 2$ 
 
 thing in its path. For several days the community was 
 stunned by the shock. The City Hospital had been 
 razed and the telegraph, telephone, lighting and transit 
 facilities of the community were crippled. But scarcely 
 had the outside world been acquainted with the true ex- 
 tent of the horror before St. Louis arose to the awful 
 occasion. The work of rehabilitation started with the 
 work of rescue and relief. Other cities offered aid, 
 but the mayor of St. Louis declined it. Of course, 
 assistance came in various ways, but practically through 
 her own resources St. Louis picked her way out of the 
 debris and ruins and reared her head aloft, prouder, 
 more beautiful and self-reliant than before. 
 
 
ST. LOUIS TO-DAY 
 
 nOO far north to be a Southern city, and too south- 
 ern in its social characteristics to be a Northern 
 city ; with all the polish and finish of an Eastern 
 center, and yet toned by all the warmth and spirit and 
 verve of a Western metropolis, St. Louis cannot be 
 exclusively claimed by one section. 
 
 "Neither Northern nor Southern, neither Eastern 
 nor Western, but just an ail-American city." This is 
 the description proudly applied to his home by a St. 
 Louisan. It reflects with rare accuracy the virtues and 
 merits of the Mound City. And current history impreg- 
 nates St. Louis' Americanism with an important signifi- 
 cance — a significance that will appeal to the civilized 
 universe through the medium of a World's Fair. 
 
 St. Louis has entered the new century with Progress 
 and Advancement for her handmaidens. Incrested 
 on her diadem of industry is the flaming legend, 
 " Nothing Impossible." The center of universal in- 
 terest is gravitating toward this forward-pointing figure. 
 
ST. LOUIS TO-DAY. 27 
 
 And no historic enterprise has promised better or more 
 extensive compensation for the interest of civilized 
 peoples than is contained in the plans for St. Louis' 
 World's Fair — an universal exposition in a thoroughly 
 American city to commemorate a thoroughly American 
 event. 
 
 On April 30, 1803, was consummated the purchase 
 from France of the Louisiana Territory, than which no 
 section of the United States has since done more to 
 increase the puissance of American enterprise or to 
 enrich the possibilities of Columbia's future. It is to 
 celebrate the centennial anniversary of this historic 
 event that St. Louis has taken the lead in the move- 
 ment for a commemorative international exposition. 
 As the city selected to be the scene of a World's Fair, 
 surpassing in importance and grandeur any previous 
 undertaking of its kind, St. Louis ceases to present 
 merely local interests. It assumes the complexion of 
 the vast domain for which the enterprise stands repre- 
 sentative. It becomes the hub of that great, tremen- 
 dously resourceful and incalculably energetic area once 
 comprised in the Louisiana purchase, but now more 
 properly described, in an inclusive sense, as the Trans- 
 mississippi States. 
 
 St. Louis' strides to the front rank of world's cities 
 were accompanied by an equal advancement on the 
 part of the great section of which she is the metropolis. 
 In the onward career of the United States during the 
 past century, and particularly during the current gen- 
 eration, no region has shared more fully than the 
 
28 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Transmississippi States. The census of 1890 showed 
 that the increase of wealth in the Transmississippi 
 section for the decade ended with that year was 
 470.19 per cent, while the enhancement of property in 
 the remainder of the Union during the same period 
 was only 222.67 per cent. During the thirty years 
 ended with 1890 more than half of the national increase 
 of population of 99.16 per cent was in the Mississippi 
 River states and west thereof. 
 
 The Mound City itself, at the beginning of the 
 century, finds itself in the midst of the country's cen- 
 ters of production and population. The center of area 
 is west of her, in Smith County, Kan. ; the center of 
 population, constantly moving westward, was, in 1890, 
 in Decatur County, Ind. ; the center of wheat pro- 
 duction that year was in Hancock County, 111., close 
 to the border of Iowa ; the center of corn production 
 was in Lewis County, Mo. ; and the center of manufac- 
 tures was near Canton, O., pursuing a westerly trend. 
 
 But the relatively phenomenal growth of St. Louis 
 cannot be better indicated than by the fact that in 
 forty years its assessed valuation has increased nearly 
 eight fold. In i860 the municipal assessor's rolls showed 
 property valued at ^57,537,415; in 1880 the figures 
 were $160,493,000; in 1896, $345,940,150; and in 
 1900, $380,779,280. Even more remarkable is the 
 tremendous swelling of the volume of St. Louis' manu- 
 factures. In i860 the value of the city's manufactured 
 products aggregated $27,000,000. Since then they 
 have increased more than 1000 per cent, so that for 
 

 mm 
 
 ^^•^ 3 i - t:---* {--g tl ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
ST. LOUIS TO-DAY. 3I 
 
 the year 1901 their value becomes beyond the accuracy 
 of computation, and well-informed men hazard the 
 estimate that the amount will approach a billion dol- 
 lars. In 1880 the value of these products was $114,- 
 333i375 ; in 1895 i^ was ^300,000,000, and in 1900 it 
 was ^350,000,000. 
 
 It would be dii^cult for the most fanciful imagination 
 to conceive a picture of progress equal in scope and 
 extent to that offered by the St. Louis of to-day as 
 compared with the trading post founded by Pierre La- 
 clede Liguest. From a settlement of a few scores of 
 inhabitants it has worked its way by bounds and leaps 
 into the fourth rank of American cities, with a popula- 
 tion in round numbers of 600,000. This count does 
 not include adjacent towns and residence districts 
 reached by electric cars. Counting these, the popula- 
 tion of St. Louis approaches the 800,000 mark. The 
 remote trading post of the eighteenth century has be- 
 come a trade, financial, manufacturing, industrial and 
 social center whose influence and importance are felt 
 in the furthermost circles of civilization. St. Louis 
 trade-marks penetrate to the antipodes and find their 
 way to Kamschatka ; they are sought in the marts of 
 Europe and are found as well in the shops of the Cau- 
 casus and the Ind ; they carry fixed values to the trader 
 of Africa and are common in the markets of South Amer- 
 ica. St. Louis capital has quickened the pulse of in- 
 dustry in every quarter of the globe ; St. Louis manu- 
 factures are sold to every people of every tongue who 
 barter and trade with civilization ; St. Louis banks and 
 
32 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 financial institutions rate in every counting-house of 
 the world as first-class, solid institutions. 
 
 With a people whose intelligence and virtues are re- 
 flected by social standards than which there are none 
 higher or more liberal in Christendom ; with an enter- 
 prise and thrift that are typified by the marvelous 
 growth of the city herself ; with a wealth that finds its 
 proof not only inside her corporate limits but on the 
 bourses of Europe as well as in the stock exchanges of 
 all America ; with a business conservatism that has 
 given her name to proverbial use among financiers ; 
 with every adjunct of the highest order of civilization — 
 schools, art galleries, universities, libraries, musical 
 conservatories, churches, hospitals, technical acade- 
 mies, scientific exhibits and an annual exposition and 
 fair, St. Louis is proud of her distinction as the most 
 American of American cities. 
 
 And in this pride, confident of her unfailing capa- 
 bilities and resources, dowered with the trust of her 
 sister cities and inspired by her eager interest of a na- 
 tion and the attention of a whole world, she is prepar- 
 ing to set the crowning jewel in her crest — the record 
 of the Louisiana Purchase Commemorative Exposition 
 of 1903. 
 
FREE CITY OF THE WEST** 
 
 nHERE is no feature of community life that holds 
 forth more importance than that of the common 
 government. In this regard, St. Louis is at once 
 unique and interesting. It is an independent muni- 
 cipality, sometimes termed the Free City of the West. 
 In an era of intermingling judiciaries and executive 
 functions, St. Louis is peculiarly untrammeled by any 
 of the elaborate technicalities that go to confuse the 
 corporate entities of most cities with the workings of 
 county affairs. The Mound City has its own judiciary, 
 its own legislature and its own executive, re-enforced 
 by an ample constabulary and all those elements that 
 belong to and are necessary for the maintenance of 
 law, order and security. Indeed, St. Louis is unus- 
 ually fortunate in its method of municipal government. 
 The city administration is modeled after the best plan 
 of government in the world — that of the United States. 
 There are three divisions of authority: the legislative, 
 judicial and executive. The first named is vested in 
 
34 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 two houses — fashioned after the national Congress — 
 and the executive. The lower House is composed of 
 Delegates, the apportionment of whom is fixed at one 
 for each ward. The upper chamber or City Council 
 IS composed of twelve councilmen chosen from the 
 city at large. The judicial authority is exercised by 
 circuit, criminal, correctional, police and justice 
 courts, the territorial jurisdictions of which are co-ex- 
 tensive with the city limits. The executive authority 
 is vested in the mayor, who serves for four years, as 
 do also the Councilmen, while the Delegates are chosen 
 biennially. 
 
 St. Louis has its own shrievalty, its own coroner, 
 its own assessor, its own collector, its own constables 
 and all of those oflfices which in other cities are com- 
 pelled to divide their attentions between county and 
 municipal matters. Beside these there are located in 
 St. Louis the headquarters of the United States Circuit 
 Court for the Eighth Judicial Circuit, the United 
 States District Court, the United States Circuit Court 
 of Appeals and the St. Louis Court of Appeals. The 
 position of the city and its importance as the metropo- 
 lis of the state have caused the headquarters of various 
 officials to be established here instead of at the state 
 capital. Among these offices headquartered in St. 
 Louis are those of the State Board of Health, the In- 
 spector of Oils, the State Grain Inspection Depart- 
 ment, the Excise Commissioner, the Barbers' Examin- 
 ing Board, the Department of Beer Inspection, the 
 Fish Commissioner, Bureau of Labor Statistics, the 
 Tobacco Inspector and the Butterine Inspector. 
 
FREE CITY OF THE WEST. 35 
 
 No community is desirable for residence purposes 
 unless it offers those safeguards for peace and security 
 which every householder demands from a well regu- 
 lated government. In these features of municipal life, 
 St. Louis is peculiarly fortunate. Its police depart- 
 ment has for decades enjoyed a reputation ominous to 
 evil-doers and gratifying to law-abiders. Its detective 
 department has run down the culprits in some of the 
 most mysterious cases contained in criminal annals. 
 The annual expenditure for the police force approxi- 
 mates ^1,265,000, representing the salaries of 850 
 regular patrolmen, 250 probationary patrolmen, twelve 
 captains, twelve lieutenants, thirty-five turnkeys, ten 
 patrol wagon drivers, 100 sergeants and twenty-five 
 detectives, beside the chief and assistants chief of po- 
 lice, chief and assistant chief of detectives, and the 
 superintendent of the Bertillon system. The depart- 
 ment was reorganized under a state law on August 21, 
 1899. 
 
 Every public need and convenience has been pro- 
 vided for, and St. Louis has a water supply double in 
 capacity to the present consumption. The source of 
 this supply is in the Mississippi River. The water- 
 works became municipal property in 1835. The water 
 is drawn chiefly from the river at the Chain of 
 Rocks, at the extreme northern limit of the city. 
 From the settling basins it flows by gravity to a system 
 of reservoirs, whence it is pumped through standpipes 
 and the distributing conduits to the main reservoir. 
 The main conduit is seven miles long, with a carrying 
 capacity of 100,000,000 gallons per day. There are 
 
36 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 additional pumps for high-service needs. There are 
 more than 4,000 water-meters in the city and fully 
 500 fire hydrants. 
 
 Ranking among the best fire departments in the 
 world is St. Louis' corps of flame-fighters. Indeed, 
 the Mound City's fire department service has won the 
 encomiums of officials the world over. Its best com- 
 mendation is found in its surpassingly effective record 
 and in the low fire insurance rates that are granted on 
 St. Louis buildings. The municipal fire department 
 embraces thirty-nine engine companies, twelve hook 
 and ladder companies and two water towers. Its sys- 
 tem of control is sedulously maintained on a basis of 
 merit so regulated as to procure the best possible re- 
 sults. Every appliance that modern ingenuity can 
 suggest to facilitate the work of the fire-fighters has 
 been added to the department, among the valuable 
 adjuncts of which is a telegraph signal service that en- 
 ables the transmission of alarms with the certain accu- 
 racy of infallible mechanism and with the marvelous 
 rapidity of electricity. In addition, there is the Sal- 
 vage Corps, maintained by the local underwriters for 
 the purpose of minimizing property losses. This en- 
 ergetic brigade works with the fire laddies, but not to 
 extinguish the flames. Dashing into burning struc- 
 tures, its members exert themselves to protect goods 
 from damage by water. Tarpaulin sheets are thrown 
 over the more valuable contents of buildings, while as- 
 bestos spreads are employed wherever they are avail- 
 able. Altogether, St. Louis' fire department is a model 
 organization. 
 
FREE CITY OF THE WEST, 37 
 
 However amply St. Louis be provided with govern- 
 mental agencies for the security of the community, its 
 correctional and eleemosynary institutions are no less 
 generous in proportions and capacities. In addition 
 to the municipal establishments, there are scores of 
 charitable concerns, instituted and operated by organ- 
 izations of every character and purpose. In addition 
 to the City and Female Hospitals, the municipality 
 numbers among its institutions the Quarantine and 
 Small-pox Hospital, the Insane Asylum, the City Poor- 
 house, the Workhouse and the House of Refuge. 
 Among these the Female Hospital stands out as an un- 
 usual eleemosynary establishment, conducted, as it is, 
 exclusively for women. 
 
 Asylums, convents, hospitals, dispensaries, havens 
 of refuge for unfortunates, homes for orphans, and shel- 
 tering abodes for all manners and kinds of frailer per- 
 sons — deaf, dumb, blind, crippled and destitute — are 
 distributed throughout the city to the number of more 
 than 150. Nearly all of these are conducted by or- 
 ganizations solely intended for charitable purposes. 
 Others form adjuncts to societies with more material 
 aims, but all serve the one end of aiding and caring 
 for the unfortunate. The fact that there is very little 
 actual poverty in St. Louis is explained by the sys- 
 tematic work done by the Provident Association, the 
 St. Vincent de Paul Society, and the Hebrew Relief 
 Society, three great charitable organizations conducted 
 respectively by the Protestants, Catholics and Hebrews. 
 
i^ A FINANCIAL FORTRESS. M 
 
 m 
 
 EACE hath Her victories no less renowned 
 than War." In reckoning the world's military 
 resources, no asset stands forth with a show of 
 more intrinsic importance than Britain's possession of 
 Gibraltar. That rock-ribbed, rock-boweled, rock- 
 rooted fortress gives to England a strength of leverage 
 that, in the light of war values, is possessed by no 
 holding of any other power. 
 
 What Gibraltar is to Britain's political puissance, 
 St. Louis is to America's financial solidity. The art 
 and ingenuity which have improved the strength of the 
 natural fortress that frowns above the Straits of Gibral- 
 tar, can scarcely deserve a moiety of the credit due the 
 integrity, energy, enterprise and well-tempered con- 
 servatism which have established in the world's great- 
 est republic its financial Gibraltar. The battlemented 
 structure is a sinister monument to War's horrors ; the 
 great city, no less a factor of national strength, is a 
 smiling promise of beneficent resource. A whole world 
 
A FINANCIAL FORTRESS. 39 
 
 shudders at the ugly menace of the fortress' guns ; a 
 happy people count with conscious pride the vast ele- 
 ments of progress and prosperity that are garnered in 
 the bustling thoroughfares of the great city. The Gib- 
 raltar of the Rocks is the world's greatest concentra- 
 tion of destructive agencies ; the Financial Gibraltar 
 of the Western Plains is the world's greatest concen- 
 tration of constructive capacities. 
 
 In everything that pertains to finances, St. Louis 
 can be fully described only with superlative terms. 
 Statisticians assert that the per capita wealth of the 
 Mound City is the largest of any municipality in the 
 world. This would mean that in real and personal 
 property it is the wealthiest community thjit the sun 
 brightens. With a population of 600,000, it has an 
 assessed valuation of $380,779,280. The rate of as- 
 sessment is 60 per cent of the real value, giving the 
 city a wealth, fairly es-timated, of about $700,000,000. 
 
 But it is not only in the holdings of real and personal 
 estates that St. Louisans find the firmest anchorage for 
 the financial superiority of their city. The solidity 
 of its institutions, the world-noted integrity of its busi- 
 ness men and the commercial confidence that its name 
 inspires throughout the country win St. Louis' pre- 
 eminence. Monetary panics may rock and shake 
 the money centers of other sections ; failure and re- 
 verse may paralyze the trade of other cities ; financial 
 syncope may come to the mercantile life of other 
 places ; but amid the crashing of values and the tum- 
 bling of prices, St. Louis has always presented, will al- 
 ways present, the firm front of an unimpaired credit. 
 
40 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 No better instance of this could be given than by 
 the records of the money stress that perturbed the 
 United States during the early part of the decade just 
 ended. Despite the gloom and hysteria that pervaded 
 business circles from one end of the nation to the 
 other, and even communicated their distressful influ- 
 ences to the financial activities of Europe, the progress 
 of the Mound City continued. Arrested in a measure, 
 of course, by the stoppage of trade throughout the im- 
 mense industrial and agricultural area of which it is 
 the hub, the severest shocks were not sufficient to to- 
 tally suspend the city's onward march. 
 
 The percentage of failures was smaller and the de- 
 preciation of values less extensive in St. Louis than in 
 any other of the American business centers. And 
 when the revival did come, and forges flashed again 
 with the fires of renewed industry, and the nation ex- 
 ulted in a new era of prosperity, it was St. Louis that 
 bounded to the forefront of commercial expansion. It 
 was she who rode the crest of the onsweeping current 
 of business rehabilitation, while the strength of her in- 
 vestments and the support of her patronage bore on to 
 restored solvency and success her vast tributary sec- 
 tions. 
 
 Capitalists of other cities and other countries have 
 marveled at the stability of St. Louis' resources and, 
 marveling, sought the reason. Their answer is con- 
 tained in the balance of her business men and the equi- 
 poise of her financiers. With a conservatism that is a 
 contrast beside fogyism, they are always ready to fos- 
 
A -^ 
 
A FINANCIAL FORTRESS. 43 
 
 ter new enterprises and engage in new ventures. Nov- 
 elty does not deter them ; all they require is that the 
 investment be legitimate and reasonably safe. 
 
 •'Gilt-edge" is the description given St. Louis se- 
 curities in every exchange and bourse of the world. 
 The public and private credit of the city has come to 
 constitute a financial maxim. It is the index to the 
 sources of the community's money strength. St. Louis 
 has for generations stood in the lexicon of finances for 
 soundness. A merchant in the remotest corner of the 
 trade world is predisposed in favor of a credit transac- 
 tion with a dealer whose environment bespeaks integ- 
 rity. For this reason, it has been easy for St. Louis 
 capitalists and wholesalers to reach out for the custom, 
 concessions and business of the furthest regions. St. 
 Louis capital has flowed through the channels of de- 
 velopment into South America, Africa, Asia, and even 
 far-off Australasia. 
 
 It is no wonder, then, that the enormous task of 
 financing a World's Fair, the disbursements in connec- 
 tion with which are practically certain to reach the 
 tremendous aggregate of ^50,000,000, is confidently 
 intrusted to the business leaders of such a city. As 
 the name, St. Louis, attached to any asset, is a certain 
 warrant of worth, so the fact that St. Louis is to devote 
 its energies and genius to the Louisiana Purchase Cen- 
 tennial Exposition is a guaranty of the success of that 
 enterprise. 
 
 At the end of the fiscal year 1899-1900 the out- 
 standing bonded debt of the municipality of St. Louis 
 
44 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 amounted to $18,916,278.30, beside $189,315.59 ad- 
 vanced out of the treasury in anticipation of the rev- 
 enue for the sinking fund for the year 1 900-1 901, giv- 
 ing a total indedtedness of $19,105,593.89. The re- 
 duction of the debt during the year amounted to $397,- 
 790.92. The annual interest charges on the munici- 
 pality's debt outstanding amount to only $778,409.28, 
 or an average of 4. 1 15 per cent. 
 
 In the presence of these figures it is instructive to 
 recall that an issue of St. Louis 3^ per cent bonds, un- 
 der date of June i, 1898, was sold at $1,045.42 per 
 $1,000 bond. 
 
 The total taxes in St. Louis amount to $1.95 on the 
 $100 on a basis of a 60 per cent valuation. On a cash 
 valuation, this would mean $11.70 per $1,000. These 
 figures indicate that St. Louis, as a municipal corpora- 
 tion, will have little difficulty in floating the $5,000,- 
 000 bond issue projected in connection with and for 
 the advancement of the coming World's Fair. 
 
THE SINEWS OF TRADE. ^ 
 
 HS THE meteorologic table indicates the climate 
 of a section, so the banks and trust companies 
 of St. Louis point out the financial strength of 
 the city. The solidity of the community's business 
 interests is reflected by the conservatism of the institu- 
 tions which handle them. 
 
 The financial institutions of the city began the year 
 1901 under conditions most auspicious, and the Clear- 
 ing House records day by day and week by week have 
 told a story of most gratifying growth. A marked 
 feature of the development has been the increase of the 
 number of trust companies and the augmentation of the 
 resources of these great enterprises. Looking back 
 from the beginning of the year, Mr. T. A. Stoddart, 
 Manager of the St. Louis Clearing House, reviews the 
 financial record of 1900 most interestingly. "Bank 
 clearings from the opening to the closing of the year," 
 he says, " were larger than those of the previous year. 
 45 
 
46 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 The total clearings for 1900 were $1,688,849,494, ex- 
 ceeding by $50,501,291 those of 1899, which was the 
 largest previous year on record. In the past year 
 $1,985,500 was paid in dividends to stockholders by 
 the banks and trust companies of St. Louis, of which 
 $474,000 was paid by the twelve State banks, $934,000 
 by the seven National banks, and $577,500 by four 
 trust companies. In 1899 the amount paid in dividends 
 by these same institutions was $1,478,000, making the 
 increase for the year $507,500." 
 
 Since Mr. Stoddart reviewed the past year's record, 
 four new trust companies have been added to the list, 
 making seven great institutions, and all of them are in 
 a flourishing condition. 
 
 The coming of the trust companies may be said to 
 have marked the beginning of a new era in the mone- 
 tary history of the metropolis of the great Mississippi 
 Valley, and the influence of these great industries has 
 come to be almost national. 
 
 The nineteen Clearing House Association banks and 
 their $16,900,000 of capital are as follows: National 
 Bank of Commerce, $5,000,000; Boatmen's Bank, 
 $2,000,000; State National Bank, $2,000,000 ; Mer- 
 chants-Laclede National Bank, $1,400,000; Third Na- 
 tional Bank, $1,000,000; Continental National Bank, 
 $1,000,000; Mechanics' Bank, $1,000,000; Fourth 
 National Bank, $1,000,000; Franklin Bank, $600,- 
 000; American Exchange Bank, $500,000; German 
 Savings Institution, $250,000; Northwestern Savings 
 Bank, $200,000 ; International Bank, $200,000 ; South 
 
THE SINEWS OF TRADE. 47 
 
 Side Bank, $200,000; German-American Bank, $150,- 
 000; Lafayette Bank, $100,000; Jefferson Bank, 
 $100,000; Southern Commercial and Savings Bank, 
 $100,000; Bremen Bank, $100,000. The total de- 
 posits of these nineteen establishments in 1900 aggre- 
 gated $120,947^932. 
 
 The capital and surplus of the eight trust companies 
 
 in St. Louis are as follows : 
 
 Capital. Surplus. 
 
 Mississippi Valley Trust Company....$ 3,000,000 $ 3,500,000 
 
 St. Louis Trust Company 3^000,000 2.000,000 
 
 Union Trust Company 2,000,000 S^ooo.ooo 
 
 Commonwealth Trust Company 1.000,000 i^o°^,ooo 
 
 Mercantile Trust Company 1,500,000 2,000,000 
 
 Lincoln Trust Company 1,000,000 400.000 
 
 Title Guarantee Trust Company 1.500,000 750,000 
 
 Missouri Trust Company 2,000,000 
 
 jQtal $15,000,000 $12,650,000 
 
 The business community of St. Louis owes much to 
 these trust companies. At a critical juncture in the 
 city's financial history, they served as the anchors to 
 which the money solidity and integrity of the whole 
 municipality were chained. 
 
 The development of the trust feature in the financial 
 affairs of St. Louis has been such as to attract the at- 
 tention of the world. Every one of these giant con- 
 cerns is firmly founded, and the conservatism that 
 guides their affairs is of a piece with the financial 
 history of the city. This conservatism is in no wise 
 old fogyism. Thoroughly up to date, and bold with the 
 assurance of absolute solidity, not a one of the great 
 concerns would hesitate to finance any enterprise of a 
 
48 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 legitimate character, if sound business sense showed a 
 probability of success. The officers of all these institu- 
 tions are men whose names mean millions of money, 
 and whose integrity is beyond question. Experts in 
 their several departments of the science of finance, these 
 men have records almost as well known in the business 
 centers on the shores of the Atlantic and Pacific as they 
 are at home, and even in the great cities of the Old 
 World. The oldest of these institutions is the St. Louis 
 Trust Company, organized in 1889. Then comes the 
 Mississippi Valley and the Union, both of which began 
 business in 1890. These all prospered, and four years 
 later the Lincoln Trust Company was launched. The 
 Mercantile Trust Company entered the field still later, 
 and only recently the Missouri Trust Company came 
 here from Sedalia, seeking a broader field. Following 
 the financial fashion, the Commonwealth and the Title 
 Guarantee appeared. That these new concerns, all of 
 them with seasoned financiers at the helm, found plenty 
 of business without in the least hurting the older insti- 
 tutions, shows what a fruitful field was waiting to be 
 harvested. The transactions of most of these trust 
 companies take a wide range, covering almost every 
 branch of finance, from savings banks for wage earners 
 to promoters and underwriters for vast enterprises re- 
 quiring millions to manage. With their trust, legal, 
 savings, loan, guarantee, real estate and other depart- 
 ments, each may be said to be a monetary world in 
 itself. 
 
IN TOUCH 
 WITH THE WORLD, 
 
 ECADES ago, before the rush and clang of steam 
 
 engines, great caravans of wagons and mules, 
 threading the untrammelled prairies and forests 
 
 of the continent in their search for the Western El Do- 
 rado, found St. Louis the most important point in their 
 itinerary. It was here that the great wagon trains of 
 thevoyageurs were organized, the teamsters engaged 
 and the supply stores gathered. Emigrants, com- 
 mencing the long journey from points further East, 
 found St. Louis the depot where f^nal preparations 
 must be made for the plunge into the wilds of the Great 
 Further West. 
 
 And as the wealth of the products of wood and plain, 
 floating down the tawny bosom of the Mississippi to the 
 Gulf, grew in volume and value, St. Louis came to be the 
 entrepot not only for the river trade North and South, 
 but for the overland commerce East and West as well. 
 Geography made St. Louis a natural center of transpor- 
 tation and trade ; and the readiness of the hardy fron- 
 
 ts 
 
50 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 tiersman to discover convenience of place and travel 
 accentuated the importance of the Mound City as the 
 starting and relay point of arteries of communication 
 leading to and from the center of the country in all 
 directions to and from all sections. So long as opu- 
 lence and prodigality remain features of trade traditions 
 the story of the Mississippi River traffic of St. Louis' 
 early days will find eager listeners. It is claimed in 
 some quarters that the wealth accumulated here through 
 the enormous shipping on the great Father of Waters 
 furnished the foundation for those fortunes and re- 
 sources which in later days made the city the financial 
 giant that it is. 
 
 The advent of the railroad revolutionized commercial 
 communication. Of course, it resulted in loss to those 
 peculiar lines of trade which depended for their sub- 
 sistence exclusively on river traffic. The superb sleep- 
 ing cars of the rail, with their incomparably greater 
 expedition, displaced the floating palaces and their 
 accompanying expensiveness of languid leisure. Per- 
 ishable freight, which could not survive the longer 
 period required for a boat trip down or up the river, 
 was shipped on the swift-running trains : and merchants 
 and tradesmen grew to rely on the iron horse rather 
 than the palatial and slower rolling river craft. 
 
 But the Mississippi boat-owners struggled vigorously 
 against the railroads. And the fight brought an en- 
 hancement of accommodation and facility in both 
 methods of transport. Perhaps nothing more beneficial 
 to the progress of St. Louis could have transpired than 
 
IN TOUCH WITH THE WORLD. 53 
 
 this competition between great transit interests. 
 Cheaper carriage tariffs brought greater profit to the 
 shipper and lower prices to the consumer. Trade 
 thrived and commerce expanded. The railroads, par- 
 alleling the river at every opportunity and " milking " 
 the transportation sources of the boat traffic, made St. 
 Louis even a more important center of transportation 
 by rail than it had been by water. 
 
 Thus what the pioneer and frontiersman brought 
 about through necessity and convenience was perpet- 
 uated by the later transit agencies for purposes of 
 profit. St. Louis is to day the greatest interior railroad 
 center in America. Thirty great lines find this their 
 headquarters. Their combined mileage is many thou- 
 sands of miles greater than that of all the railroads of 
 either England, France or Germany. 
 
 The tremendous extent of this traffic is indicated by 
 the fact that an average of 400 passenger trains, beside 
 interminable strings of freight cars, arrive and depart 
 from the city daily. Every comfort that is attached to 
 the most elaborately furnished railroad system in the 
 world finds its place on the lines running from Union 
 Station. These trains, traveling in all directions, bring 
 30,000,000 of people into close contact within the brief 
 space of twelve hours. Between the rising and setting 
 of a sun more humanity hear the throb of the same en- 
 gines in the territory surrounding St. Louis than it 
 would be possible to reach by rail in the same time 
 from any other point in the country. It is the proud 
 boast of New Yorkers that 34,000,000 persons are 
 
54 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 domiciled within twenty-four hours of rail distance 
 from Gotham — only 4,000,000 more persons than are 
 reached in half the time from St. Louis. Were the 
 same schedules in vogue on the same number of lines 
 in an equally populated section beyond the twelve-hour 
 limit, as is the case in the first twelve hours' ride from 
 out the Mound City, the trains from St. Louis would 
 reach 50,000,000 of people within twenty-four hours. 
 
 Certain it is that a twelve hours' joutney from this 
 city takes the traveler through a country more diversi- 
 fied in its interests, more prolific in resource and re- 
 sponding more readily to the touch of progress, than 
 any section reached from any of the larger cities in an 
 equal lapse of time. 
 
 Where there is such an expedition of communication 
 by rail with such an important and extensive area, facil- 
 ities of intercourse by wire and mail necessarily follow. 
 The two great telegraph companies long ago recognized 
 the need and wisdom of being prepared to meet every 
 emergency in St. Louis, and the local offices of both 
 concerns are fitted with means and appliances for the 
 handling of as much telegraphic business as the most 
 extraordinary situation might require. 
 
 The elasticity of these facilities was proven in 1896, 
 during the Republican National Convention, when more 
 matter was sent out over the wires from St. Louis than 
 had ever before been transmitted by telegraph from one 
 point during the same period. Every civilized corner 
 of the globe is in direct touch with the city through 
 the medium of the telegraph operator's key. 
 
IN TOUCH WITH TftE WORLD. 55 
 
 Fully as important and gratifying to even a larger 
 percentage of people are the splendid postal conven- 
 iences with which St. Louis is favored. Fast mail 
 trains, inaugurated from St. Louis in 1887 by a " West- 
 ern flyer," now carry the daily newspapers to every 
 hamlet in the city's tributary sections, north, east, south 
 and west. The St. Louis morning papers, by means 
 of these fast mail trains, are on sale in the streets of 
 Burlington, lo. , Kansas City, Mo., Little Rock, Ark., 
 and Louisville, Ky., before 10 o'clock each morning. 
 
 There is no post-office in Christendom that affords a 
 prompter or a more complete service than the one in 
 St. Louis. Indeed, many reforms and improvements 
 inaugurated here have been copied and duplicated in 
 Chicago, New York and other cities. Among these is 
 the latest venture of the Postal Department in the direc- 
 tion of a quicker general service — the registration of 
 letters by carriers. This plan was initiated in St. Louis, 
 approved by the authorities at Washington, and is 
 even now in process of extension to other sections of 
 the nation. 
 
 Delivery of mail in the suburbs is expedited by the 
 use of postal cars on the various electric street railway 
 lines — cars fitted with as many facilities as the best 
 coaches in the railway mail service. 
 
 Altogether, St. Louis' railroad, telegraph and mail 
 facilities, by reason of their superlative effectiveness, 
 annul distance and destroy space, putting the city in as 
 close communication with the furthermost sections of 
 the country as though they were adjacent districts. 
 
[|^ GRAND MONUMENTS J 
 OF PROGRESS. f] 
 
 HARTHAGE, Thebes, Memphis and the other 
 heroic cities of the obscure past are known to us 
 chiefly through the threads of architectural tra- 
 dition that their ruins vouchsafe. Archaeologists find 
 in the crumbled masonry of departed peoples the truest 
 index to their lives, pursuits, hopes, ambitions and 
 happiness. " Show me the market places and temples 
 of a race and I will write you their history." 
 
 St. Louis could well afford to have its annals based 
 on such a predicate. From the famous structure that 
 spans the Mississippi on the city's eastern edge, through 
 the spacious and conveniently-filled business houses of 
 the down-town district, out among the tasteful cottages 
 and homes of the residence sections to the modern 
 palaces of the ultra-fashionable neighborhood, St. Louis 
 architecture tells a story of artistic and utilitarian 
 sequences. 
 
 Modern utilities present no more notable industrial 
 monument then the great St. Louis steel bridge across 
 
 56 
 
GRAND MONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 57 
 
 the Mississippi River. It deservedly holds place in the 
 front rank of the world's structural and engineering 
 feats. The genius of Capt. James B. Eads and the 
 triumph of St. Louis' progressiveness find lasting union 
 in this memorial of steel and stone. 
 
 Seven years were occupied in building the great 
 structure. The contract for the masonry work was let 
 in August, 1867, to James Andrews, of Allegheny, Pa. 
 The first stone in the western abutment pier was laid 
 on February 25, 1868; the first stone on the caisson 
 of the east channel pier on October 25, 1869 ; and the 
 first stone on the caisson of the west channel pier on 
 January 15, 1870. The total cost of the entire bridge, 
 including the approaches, was $6,536,729.99, but when 
 the charges for interest, commissions for charters and 
 financial agents, damages, hospital expenses, etc., are 
 added the sum is swelled to nearly ten millions. The 
 bridge was completed and opened to public travel on 
 May 23, 1874, an elaborate celebration to commemo- 
 rate the occasion being held on the following Fourth 
 of July. 
 
 The structure is without its equal in the world in the 
 way of bridges of the arch or truss pattern. It is the 
 greatest bridge over the greatest river in the world. 
 On June 9, 1874, it supported the first railroad train 
 that crossed the Mississippi from Illinois to Missouri. 
 
 Each of the side arches of the bridge has a span of 
 502 feet in the clear, while the central arch stretches 
 520 feet over deep water. The three magnificent steel 
 arches are fashioned with such engineering finesse that 
 
<,S IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 the Utmost tensile strength is procured, and the burden 
 that can be supported is far beyond the probabilities 
 of ordinary use. The bridge is a two-story structure, 
 the great arches carrying double-track railways with a 
 broad highway, seventy-five feet in width, above. On 
 this highway are promenades on either side, with four 
 tracks or iron tramways for street-cars or other carriages 
 between. Thus four vehicles may easily travel abreast 
 along this great structure without blocking traffic. 
 
 The purposes for which the bridge was built required 
 the construction of a tunnel through which trains could 
 reach the St. Louis approach ; and this undertaking 
 was in itself a great industrial task. The distance from 
 the entrance of the tunnel at the southern terminus to 
 the terminus of the railway approach east of Cahokia 
 Creek in East St. Louis is two miles 146 yards 
 and two feet, which is really the length of the bridge 
 railway. . 
 
 Fifteen years after the completion of the Eads bridge, 
 a number of the railway companies operating east and 
 west lines through St. Louis opened to traffic the sec- 
 ond structure that spans the Mississippi River at the 
 Mound City. It is intended exclusively for railroad 
 uses and is known as the Merchants' Bridge. It is in 
 itself a structure of unusual magnitude and strength, 
 stretching across the great Father of Waters from Bis- 
 sell's Point in North St. Louis to a point on the Illinois 
 shore opposite the town of Madison. 
 
 Following the great double railway tunnel that leads 
 from the western approach of the mighty Eads bridge, 
 
V 
 
GRAND MONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 6 1 
 
 out under Washington Avenue to Seventh Street, along 
 a curve from that point to Eighth and Locust Streets 
 and thence under Eighth to Poplar Streets, a run of a 
 few blocks brings the traveler to another of St. Louis' 
 architectural wonders. Union Station. 
 
 When, on September i, 1894, ceremonies were con- 
 ducted in celebration of the formal opening of the St. 
 Louis Union Station, an epoch was marked not only in 
 the accomplishments of modern architecture, but in 
 the history of railroads as well. No other transit depot 
 in the world is entitled to comparison with this magnifi- 
 cent edifice. Affording conveniences and facilities for 
 traffic the recital of which would crowd columns of tab- 
 ulated statements, the station is at the same time an 
 artistic and engineering marvel. It furnishes one of 
 the world-famous spectacles of St. Louis. 
 
 On Market Street facing north, the Union Station 
 extends from Eighteenth Street west to Twentieth 
 Street, a distance of 606 feet. The station proper, or 
 head house, and the Midway between it and the train 
 shed cover 497,092 square feet or eleven and one- 
 tenth acres. The yards south of the train shed, be- 
 tween it and the power-house, contain 465,970 square 
 feet, making a total area for the Union Station itself, 
 exclusive of all the main track approaches, of 963,062 
 square feet, or twenty acres. In this space of activity, 
 there are nineteen miles of railroad track, of which the 
 thirty- one tracks under the train shed compose three 
 and one-half miles. 
 
 The largest inter-locking system in the world i? em- 
 
62 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 ployed in the yards. It is worked by 122 -levers and 
 controls 130 switches and 103 signals. The station 
 electric lighting plant has a capacity for 300 arc and 
 5,000 incandescent lamps. At the Eighteenth Street 
 end of the great station building, the clock tower rises 
 to a height of 232 feet above the track level and 247 
 feet above the structure's bottom foundation. It lifts 
 itself from a base forty feet square and its conical roof 
 shelters an arcade and a balcony. 
 
 The first ground for the construction of the Union 
 Station was broken on April i, 1892. The cost of the 
 site, the buildings and the entire system of tracks and 
 other improvements exceeded $6,500,000. The train 
 shed is 700 feet in length and 606 feet in breadth ; it 
 covers an area of 424,000 square feet and shelters 
 thirty-one tracks, on which are operated the railroads 
 of twenty-two companies. 
 
 But the great host of utilitarian devices that are as- 
 sembled in this magnificent structural area do not out- 
 rival in interest the beauty of the architectural inge- 
 nuity with which the whole is garnished. The massive 
 front of Bedford limestone which first greets the be- 
 holder on Market Street gives an augury of the artistic 
 taste with which the arrangement of the interior is car- 
 ried out. Magnificent vestibules, spacious corridors 
 and waiting rooms, exquisite alcoves and dormers, 
 superb frescoings and allegorical figures, all surround- 
 ing and leading to the superb grand central hall, make 
 up an array of separate and collective beauties w^ell 
 worth considerable travel by the artistic sight-seer. 
 
GRAND MONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 63 
 
 This grand central hall, 74x120 feet, with a floor area 
 of 8,880 square feet, laid with mosaic tiles, with a 
 barrel-vaulted ceiling sixty feet above and pierced at 
 either end with arches forty feet in diameter, is one of 
 the most notable chambers designed by modern arch- 
 itects. Altogether, St. Louis' Union Station is a mon- 
 ument of genius and progress in which the great city 
 might well take one of its chiefest prides. 
 
 A decade has worked wondrous changes in the 
 downtown architecture of St. Louis. One who visited 
 the city in 1890 and returned at the beginning of the 
 twentieth century would be immeasurably astonished by 
 the character of the office buildings that have mean- 
 while lifted themselves skyward. Indeed, practically 
 all of the great edifices that make St. Louis one of the 
 architectural leaders of the world have been erected in 
 the past ten or fifteen years. It is little more than a 
 decade since two stories were added to the Equitable 
 building at Sixth and Locust Streets, and that structure 
 became the solidly imposing pile that it is. 
 
 The two tallest structures in St. Louis adjoin each 
 other on the North side of Olive between Seventh and 
 Eighth Streets. They are the Union Trust and Chem- 
 ical Buildings, the former being fourteen and the latter 
 sixteen stories in height. Perhaps no other city in the 
 world can boast finer oiTfice structures. 
 
 The Laclede Building at Fourth and Olive Streets 
 holds the contested credit of being the first fire-proof 
 "sky-comber" erected in St. Louis. The Commer- 
 cial Building at Sixth and Olive Streets soon followed, 
 
64 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 and then came the Odd Fellows' Hall on Ninth and 
 Olive Streets. Adjoining the Chemical Building on 
 Eighth Street, opposite the mass of granite that com- 
 poses the Post Office, is the Turner Building, which, 
 though not as lofty as some of its neighbors, is one of 
 the most substantial office structures in existence. 
 Next to and north of the Turner Building is the Colum- 
 bia. 
 
 On the other side of the Post Office or Federal Build- 
 ing, on Ninth and Olive Streets, is the Century Build- 
 ing, one of the largest and finest office structures in 
 the ivorld. The Holland Building, on the west side 
 of Seventh, between Olive and Pine Streets, vies with 
 its neighbor, the Union Trust, in loftiness of eleva- 
 tion. Half a block south is the Fullerton Building, at 
 Seventh and Pine Streets. It, the Carleton Building at 
 Sixth and Olive Streets, and other of the newer office 
 structures are perhaps a trifle more ornate in appear- 
 ance than the downtown edifices that were erected 
 half a dozen years before ; but no office buildings in 
 the world present a larger measure of comfort or a 
 more assuring sense of solidity than such as the Globe- 
 Democrat Building at Sixth and Pine Streets, the Hou- 
 ser Building at Broadway and Chestnut Streets, or the 
 Security Building at Fourth and Locust Streets. 
 
 The Rialto Building at Fourth and Olive Streets and 
 the Wainwright Building at Seventh and Chestnut 
 Streets are of the newer patterns, with the latest archi- 
 tectural conceits of symmetry and airiness. 
 
 The Lincoln Trust Building, just across Chestnut 
 
GRAND MONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 65 
 
 Street from the Wainwright, is an imposing structure. 
 The new Mercantile Trust Building at Eighth and 
 Locust Streets, and the Spencer Building at Seventh 
 and Market Streets, both now in course of construction, 
 will be magnificent additions to the city's growth. 
 
 Though the superb office structures of St. Louis rep- 
 resent tens of millions of dollars in investment, a host 
 of architectural triumphs and an unremitting world of 
 industry, the commercial palaces and business edifices 
 of the community are fully as representative in each of 
 these directions. Perhaps one of the widest known 
 industrial institutions of St. Louis is its leading brew- 
 ery, the Anheuser-Busch plant. It is in itself a whole 
 community, bustling with more energy, swarming with 
 more humanity, and representing a larger financial in- 
 vestment than are comprised in any one of a thousand 
 American towns, each of which boasts a post office and 
 a municipal organization. 
 
 The Anheuser-Busch plant, unlike most business 
 structures, is worth inspection from a purely architec- 
 tural standpoint. The component edifices, the grounds 
 and plots surrounding them, the auxiliary comforts and 
 arrangements, are designed and fixed with a nicety and 
 tastefulness that compel artistic admiration. Then, 
 when the beauty and magnitude of the buildings are 
 comprehended, comes a sense of the enormous manu- 
 facturing energy that finds its domicile there. More 
 than 60,000,000 gallons of beer are annually brewed 
 there and shipped to all quarters of the globe. 
 
 There are scores of industrial institutions in St. 
 
66 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Louis, the proportions of each of which can be described 
 only in superlative terms. There are the two largest 
 tobacco factories in the United States; the largest shoe 
 house in the world ; the largest drug house in the world ; 
 and there is the most notable wholesale and jobbing 
 concern in the world, Cupples Station. Within a 
 stone's throw of this enormous emporium are the dom- 
 iciles of the largest hardware and the largest wooden- 
 ware concerns in the world, while clustered all about 
 them are the magnificent establishments of immense 
 grocery, iron and implement, candy, drug and other 
 mercantile houses, the structural material gathered 
 there representing an outlay of fully a dozen million 
 dollars. 
 
 Aside from its private and commercial buildings, St. 
 Louis has a number of public edifices, each of which 
 commands the admiration of architects. In grandeur 
 of construction and elaborateness of design, the new 
 City Hall, when completed, will be one of the finest 
 municipal buildings in the world. Work on the build- 
 ing was commenced in 1891 and thus far it has cost 
 $1,550,000. Conservative estimates show that $275,- 
 000 more will be required for the structure's comple- 
 tion. It consists of four stories and a basement, built 
 of granite, brick and stone. The City Hall, with its 
 grounds, occupies two blocks between Twelfth and 
 Thirteenth Streets and Clark Avenue and Market Street. 
 It fronts 250 feet on Market and 358 feet on Twelfth 
 Street. The cost of construction is defrayed out of the 
 municipal revenues, no bonds being issued for the 
 purpose. 
 
GRAND .MONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 67 
 
 Perhaps no class of buildings gives St. Louis a wider 
 reputation than its hotels. Up to a decade ago, the 
 idea of sumptuous hostelries and superb caravansaries 
 was peculiarly associated with New York and the larger 
 cities of the East. Indeed, Gotham was credited with 
 having the most magnificent hotels in the world. But 
 ten years have worked marvels in the hotel accommo- 
 dations of St. Louis, which to-day rival those of any 
 city in America. 
 
 The Planter's Hotel, completed in the middle '90's, 
 on Fourth Street, occupies the entire block between 
 Pine and Chestnut Streets. The big structure, repre- 
 senting an investment, of more than $2,000,000, con- 
 tains 450 rooms and accommodates on ordinary occa- 
 sions from 1200 to 1500 guests. 
 
 The Southern Hotel occupies the block bounded by 
 Broadway, Fourth, Walnut and Elm Streets. The 
 proprietors claim it is absolutely fire-proof. 
 
 The St. Nicholas Hotel, a recently-erected structure 
 of splendid design and the highest class of interior 
 arrangements, at Eighth and Locust Streets, is in the 
 front rank of modern hostelries. Its fame is national. 
 
 The Lindell Hotel, in the heart of the wholesale dis- 
 trict, on Washington Avenue, between Sixth and Sev- 
 enth Streets, is probably one of the best known institu- 
 tions of its kind in America. It contains 240 rooms 
 and frequently registers 1000 guests. 
 
 No less noted is the Laclede Hotel, at Chestnut and 
 Sixth Streets, with 150 rooms and accommodations for 
 700 guests. The Laclede and the Lindell, bearing 
 
68 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 names that find frequent occurrence in St. Louis' his- 
 tory, are landmarks of the Mound City. 
 
 The Imperial Hotel, adjoining the Laclede on Chest- 
 nut Street, with modern equipments and facilities, boasts 
 a capacity for 600 guests. The St. James Hotel, on 
 Broadway, in the Olympic Theater block, has accom- 
 modations for nearly 800 guests ; and with the Moser, 
 on Pine, between Eighth and Ninth Streets, and the 
 Rozier, at Thirteenth and Olive Streets, opposite the 
 Exposition, completes the list of the more important 
 down-town hotels. 
 
 But a distinctive feature of the hostelry adjuncts of 
 St. Louis is furnished by the large number of excellent 
 hotels in the residence sections of the city beside those 
 which have been established in the vicinity of the great 
 Union Station. Among this last class is the Terminal, 
 in the Union Station building itself, with 100 rooms. 
 Dotting all sections of the city, like oases for transients, 
 are more than 125 comfortable hotels; and out in the 
 West End are several caravansaries with an elegance 
 and convenience of arrangement peculiarly St. Louisan 
 in their spirit and adaptability. Among these are the 
 Hotel Beers, the Grand Avenue Hotel, the West End 
 Hotel, the Hotel Berlin, the Westmoreland, the West- 
 minster and several others, all elegantly appointed and 
 thoroughly up to date, and most of them new. 
 
 Besides these, six large new hotels are already pro- 
 jected, and work has been commenced on three of 
 them. 
 
 Hundreds of spacious apartment and lodging houses 
 
li iwawaiiMHmtf'Mg^^^ 
 
 ^^vi 
 
 
 THE KULLERTON. 
 
 SPECIMEN ST. LOUIS OFFICE BUILDING. 
 
GRANDMONUMENTS OF PROGRESS. 7 I 
 
 add to the city's capacities for the entertainment of 
 guests during conventions or fetes. 
 
 Incidental to St. Louis' hotels, interest, especially 
 for visitors and strangers in the city, attaches to the 
 subject of handling travelers and their baggage. The 
 St. Louis Transfer Company maintains an office at the 
 Union Station, and a supply of carriages, coaches and 
 baggage wagons to transport passengers and baggage 
 to and from Union Station and any part of the city. 
 This company checks baggage through from residences 
 to destination, to any part of the United States and 
 Canada to which a traveler can purchase a ticket ; it 
 has its agents on all incoming trains to take up travel- 
 ers, railroad checks and arrange for delivery of baggage 
 to hotels and residences. In addition to the handling 
 of passengers, it operates half a dozen large warehouses 
 for the storage of freight, and receiving depots in St. 
 Louis for the railroads that terminate at East St. Louis, 
 and transports by wagons from the railroads at East St. 
 Louis to the merchant's door in Louis, and vice versa 
 when the merchant is the shipper, the greater bulk of 
 the merchandise hauled by the fourteen railroads ter- 
 minating on the east bank of the Mississippi River. 
 
%^ CENTERS OF J 
 
 it COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY, f] 
 
 nN any one of the scores of industrial and trade 
 institutions that give to St. Louis its commercial 
 pre-eminence can be found the evidence of dis- 
 tinctive greatness. Here there is no faltering effort. 
 No better proof of this is possible than is found in the 
 fact that St. Louis has already taken rank as the fourth 
 manufacturing city of America, and that its factories 
 continue to increase in number and capacities with a 
 rapidity which far outstrips those of any other city in 
 the world. It is estimated that in 1900 nearly 7,000 
 manufacturing concerns are giving occupation to 
 200,000 St. Louisans, while the total value of the prod- 
 uct which shows the impress of their handiwork will, 
 in the course of one year, aggregate ^350,000,000. 
 
 Speeding forward in all branches of manufacturing 
 industry, the Mound City has taken an unapproachable 
 lead in a number of them. Such, for instance, is its 
 supremacy in the manufacture of woodenware, crackers, 
 stoves and ranges, tin-plate and street cars. In these 
 
 72 
 
CENTERS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY. 73 
 
 and other lines it either has the largest factory or is 
 credited with a larger output of product than any other 
 one city on earth. On this basis of supremacy St. 
 Louis also leads the world in the manufacture of to- 
 bacco, beer, boots and shoes, chairs, saddlery and 
 harness, terra cotta, white lead, sewer pipe, fire brick, 
 pressed brick, chemicals and proprietary medicines. 
 
 Street cars made in St. Louis carry the peoples of 
 every latitude. They are being sent to the furthermost 
 part of the world ; and wherever the march of progress 
 has brought the modern conveniences of public transit, 
 the trade marks of St. Louis manufacturers herald the 
 industrial supremacy of the Mound City. 
 
 The only extensive rubber manufacturing establish- 
 ment in the West is among the many new industrial 
 enterprises that have recently added themselves to the 
 community's host of producing agencies. The making 
 of structural iron and steel, the milling of flour and 
 meal, the manufacture of farming and agricultural im- 
 plements, the construction of road vehicles and ma- 
 chinery of every description, and in fact the productive 
 genius as applied to every phase of utility gives em- 
 ployment to workmen and gains profit for investors in 
 St. Louis. 
 
 The marvelous expansion of the city's manufacturing 
 energies is indicated by the fact that the decade which 
 ended with the century just closed witnessed an average 
 increase of loo per cent in the number of factories, the 
 number of hands employed and the wages paid to 
 them, while the capital invested in these manufacturing 
 
74 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 establishments was during the same period fully 
 trebled. 
 
 Hand in hand with its manufactures, the wholesale 
 and jobbing interests and activities of St. Louis are 
 striding toward the goal of trade mastery. Perhaps 
 no other inland city in the world presents such a diver- 
 sified array of gigantic commercial institutions. 
 Scarcely a staple handled by trade-carriers on any sec- 
 tion of the globe that does not find a leading dealer in 
 St. Louis. The Mound City's shoes mark the soil from 
 the icelands of Hudson Bay to the mysterious wilds of 
 Patagonia, from the Klondike's new golconda to the 
 distant Philippines, from the tesselated coasts of Europe 
 to the dreary steppes of Siberia. Its dry goods, in the 
 handling of the high grades of which St. Louis proba- 
 bly outrivals any city in America, are shipped wherever 
 the trade of the nation has penetrated. With the 
 largest hardware establishment on earth, St. Louis fur- 
 nishes domestic utensils and field implements to the 
 pioneer in Australia, the explorer in Africa, the traveler 
 and his host in Asia and even to the patrons of out- 
 rivaled European competitors. 
 
 The tremendous advance that the citv has made in 
 these lines of commerce can be readily instanced with 
 the growth of its boot and shoe trade. In two decades, 
 St. Louis' commerce in this line has sprung from less 
 than $1,000,000 to more than $32,000,000. St. Louis 
 is the second largest distributing center of footwear in 
 America. 
 
 With a colossal trade in clothing, the city is the 
 largest soft hat market in the United States. 
 
CENTERS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY. 75 
 
 Its hardware sales for 1901 are estimated at $18,- 
 000,000. 
 
 The greatest distributing point in the Western hem- 
 isphere for chemicals of every description, St. Louis 
 boasts the largest drug house in the world, with half-a- 
 dozen competitors ranking among the foremost estab- 
 lishments of their kind. 
 
 An index to the magnitude of the city's tobacco 
 trade is given by the fact that in one year the sales of 
 smoking and chewing material approximate $30,000,- 
 000. 
 
 St. Louis' yearly business in leather, furniture, bread- 
 stuffs, electrical supplies, live stock, paper, glassware 
 and notions, plumbing material, railway and transit 
 supplies, oranges, bananas, lumber, coffee, flour and 
 groceries, grain, provisions and coal gives it leading 
 rank in each of those lines of trade ; and in some of 
 them it has distanced all other cities. In the saddlery 
 and harness business the city leads the United States, 
 while its annual trade in leather is approaching the ten 
 million dollar mark. Its furniture business is estimated 
 to yearly exceed $25,000,000, and in many branches of 
 this commerce it has unquestioned supremacy. 
 
 Always one of the world's leading trade centers for 
 horses, mules, cattle and other live stock, the extra- 
 ordinary demand occasioned toward the close of the 
 century for international military operations accent- 
 uated St. Louis' superlative importance in this direc- 
 tion. Immense values were involved in the city's ship- 
 ments of horses and mules to foreign countries in 1899 
 and 1900. 
 
76 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 The rapidly developing lumber trade of the South- 
 land gives impetus to St. Louis' jobbing and wholesale 
 business in this line of commerce. 
 
 The great extent of the city's coal trade becomes 
 clear when the phenomenal growth of its manufacturing 
 industries is recalled, together with the accompanying 
 necessity for increased fuel. Coal is delivered to man- 
 ufacturers in St. Louis by annual contract at a price 
 practically equivalent to ^i per ton. 
 
 As no single treasury could store the values repre- 
 sented in the wholesale and jobbing pursuits of St. 
 Louis, so, too, can no one volume adequately describe 
 their details. But their titanic proportions are in part 
 reflected in one representative institution, Cupples 
 Station. That gigantic establishment takes added im- 
 portance from the fact that it is in the center of the 
 coffee district of the greatest inland coffee market of 
 the world. Cupples Station embraces thirteen of the 
 most extensive firms in St. Louis engaged in the 
 handling of groceries and kindred wares. These con- 
 cerns were assembled into one vast establishment for 
 the purpose of expediting receipts and shipments and 
 of reducing transportation charges. The station occu- 
 pies a site on the Terminal Association ' railroad tracks 
 at Seventh and Spruce Streets, and the ground floors 
 have been bridged over in order to secure the largest 
 possible measure of area. Thus, all the great railroad 
 lines that operate through St. Louis are enabled to de- 
 liver and receive freight at the doors of this gigantic 
 emporium. An idea of the enhanced facilities afforded 
 
CENTERS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY. 77 
 
 by this aggregation of industry is given by the state- 
 ment that in one month 46,000,000 pounds of freight 
 has been handled at Cupples Station. 
 
 The greatest " wholesale row " in the West and cer- 
 tainly, on a business basis, one of the world's import- 
 ant thoroughfares, is Washington Avenue, from Third 
 Street westward to Thirteenth. The architecture of 
 this stretch of commercial structures tells more than 
 thousands of words of description could — tall, broad 
 and solid buildings, with a depth that indicates a search 
 for room and the need of space in which to transact the 
 enormous business that is annually done there. It is 
 in these ten blocks of commercial houses that the larger 
 share of St. Louis' wholesale trade in hats, caps, dry goods, 
 boots and shoes, and clothing is regularly transacted. 
 
 To the utilitarian and materialist, no painted per- 
 spective in artist's tints and conceits could be more im- 
 pressive than a glance out this vista of industry and 
 trade on a sunny forenoon or a bright, early evening. 
 During those seasons when the country merchants and 
 the milliners from neighboring cities flock to St. Louis 
 to make their regular stock purchases, the scene pre- 
 sented along this stretch of Washington Avenue becomes 
 peculiarly imposing. 
 
 With the breadth of a fashionable boulevard, but in- 
 closed by great buildings of the most compact con- 
 struction, Washington Avenue along those ten blocks 
 is transformed on these occasions into a great human 
 kaleidoscope. Endless lines of street cars ply back and 
 forth through countless mazes of alert, quick-stepping 
 
78 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 commercial people, the very density of whose throngs 
 puzzles the spectators. To an observer above in a 
 balloon, the picture would seem altogether like the set- 
 tlement of some queer species of ant, whose variegated 
 teguments only set off their marvelous application and 
 industry. 
 
 Certainly no wholesale district in any city is more 
 advantageously located. In the inner heart of St. Louis' 
 downtown section, it is threaded by street car lines that 
 run to every corner of the community. One big hotel 
 is right in the center of this section, and all the leading 
 downtown hostelries are practically within a stone's 
 throw. The merchant, who is eager to waste no time 
 while selecting his stock, finds himself in the midst of 
 sample-cases and show counters almost before he has 
 quit his breakfast table. And in the evening, fatigued 
 by the day's work, his hotel is " just across the street," 
 or " right around the corner." 
 
 Second only to Cupples Station and the Washington 
 Avenue "Row," there are distributed throughout the 
 city other wholesale, jobbing and manufacturing cen- 
 ters, each one of which embraces more industry and 
 capital than are necessary to make up the activities of 
 an ordinary town. These concentrations of business 
 energy are much like the sprouting and growth of the 
 acorn into the oak forest. They nestle in favorable 
 spots, thrive lustily on the auspices and advantages of 
 of the vicinage, and then, rearing aloft their domiciles 
 of diligence — like foliage of progress — drop the seeds 
 of encouragement, from which like institutions spring 
 up about them. 
 
CENTERS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY. 79 
 
 Out along the broad sweep of Twelfth Street, where 
 some of the greatest crockery and glassware f^rms of the 
 West are located ; down on the sloping reaches of the 
 Levee, along Commercial, Main, Second and Third 
 Streets, where for more than half a century have been 
 quartered wholesalers of leather, cotton, hides and a 
 host of other staples, and in a hundred different locah- 
 ties where advantages of traffic and convenience have 
 encouraged them, are gathered groups of wholesale and 
 jobbing establishments. 
 
 But even more extensive is the distribution of manu- 
 facturing centers. From North St. Louis, where the 
 smoke of many monster chimneys shows the factories 
 of furniture, chairs, granite ware and chemicals; down 
 through the throbbing business sections to the valley 
 that holds the Terminal Railroad tracks, and along 
 that valley, following its curve westward and northward 
 beyond the first of the city's terraced elevations until 
 it loses itself among the undulations of Northwest St. 
 Louis, the smoke stacks of scores of manufacturing 
 institutions tell of the spread of industry. And the 
 broad expanses of South St. Louis are dotted with 
 other factories whose hum is echoed and re-echoed 
 westward along the meanderings of the River Des Peres 
 to Cheltenham, where the long strings of factory build- 
 ings are knotted into groups of brick, tile, sewer pipe, 
 and other manufactories. 
 
 Just across the Mississippi River, and giving occupa- 
 tion to many workingmen of St. Louis, in Madison, 
 Granite City, East St. Louis and other suburban towns, 
 
8o IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 are mammoth industrial institutions, such as the National 
 Stockyards and pork and beef packing houses, employ- 
 ing together 2,000 men; Frog and Switch Works in 
 East St. Louis, employing 600 men; Iron and Steel 
 Works in East St. Louis, employing 1,000 men ; Malle- 
 able Iron Works, East St. Louis, 600 employes; Glass 
 Works, 400 workmen ; Enameling Works at Granite 
 City, 2,000 employes; Steel Foundry at Granite City, 
 1,200 workmen ; and Car and Foundry Company at 
 Madison, employing 1,200 men. 
 
 Perhaps busier in appearance and certainly more 
 pleasing to the eye are the scores of great retail empo- 
 riums that lend color and vivacity to the down-town 
 district. Palaces of trade they are, the superb modern 
 marts where the cloths and conceits, flannels and 
 fineries, and dresses and dainties of a whole world are 
 gathered for sale. The wonderful elaborateness of 
 these monster establishments becomes apparent when it 
 is found that days of rambling through their innumera- 
 ble departments and along their interminable counters 
 will constantly bring forth new attractions — like a great 
 exposition in which the gatherings of a universe are 
 presented. 
 
 Along Broadway, Sixth, Fourth, Olive and Locust 
 Streets, and Washington and Franklin Avenues, these 
 palaces of trade daily witness the shopping of thousands 
 of women. The innovations of modern times and the 
 conveniences that Progress brings are instanced in these 
 commodious institutions. They are no longer the 
 stores of the provincial town. They are caravansaries 
 
CENTERS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY. 8 1 
 
 and emporiums combined. There is no want that can- 
 not be supplied in some one of their departments. The 
 woman with a day's shopping to do assumes the task 
 among these great establishments with the conscious- 
 ness that every ingenuity has been employed to facili- 
 tate and make convenient the details of her errand. 
 
 When she is tired there are places for her to rest, and 
 when she is hungry there are places for her to eat. 
 Each one of these emporiums counts among its features 
 all the comforts of a well-managed community. Per- 
 haps one of the most unique adjuncts of many of these 
 great department stores is the attractive cafe, as com- 
 plete in all its appointments as a well-ordered restaurant 
 run for exclusively restaurant purposes. 
 
 And outside the down town district, along South 
 Broadway, on Chouteau Avenue, on Jefferson, Grand 
 and Vandeventer Avenues ; and indeed wherever shop- 
 pers find it convenient to go, are hundreds of these 
 bright establishments, though on a somewhat more 
 modest scale than the larger palaces of trade in the 
 heart of the business section. 
 
r 
 
 IMPELLING FORCES. 
 
 JUSTNESS men of other cities, struck by the tremen- 
 dous commercial energy of St. Louis, have often 
 sought to discover the sources of its impelling 
 power. Their search has invariably led them to the 
 symbolic maxim in which the spirit of the nation found 
 its genesis — "In union there is strength." In the 
 lexicon of community life, St. Louis should stand for 
 organization. 
 
 No progressive enterprise undertaken by the Mound 
 City fails. The reason is plain. Behind each venture 
 to which the name of the city is linked are gathered a 
 host of organized influences that will permit no halt and 
 no turning back. This irresistible, impelling power is 
 embodied in the trade guilds of St. Louis. To them 
 are due most of the city's brilliant commercial achieve- 
 ments and business triumphs. On their numbers and 
 earnestness is founded the larger share of St. Louis* 
 strength as a commercial community. 
 
 of course, among these powerful trade 
 
 82 
 
IMPELLING FORCES. 83 
 
 guilds is the Merchants' Exchange, whose massive 
 building is a monument to St. Louis' business solidity. 
 Organized in 1862, the Exchange now has a member- 
 ship of 2,000 representative business men, whose private 
 fortunes and firm assets aggregate scores of millions of 
 dollars. Perhaps no business organization in the world 
 has set its impress in more indelible characters on the pro- 
 gress of a parent city than has the St. Louis Merchants' 
 Exchange. From it radiate countless influences and 
 energies each of which lends impelling force to the on- 
 ward march of the city's business interests. The Mer- 
 chants' Exchange is the back-bone of various auxiliary 
 organizations, whose united purposes find concrete 
 form in St. Louis' commercial advancement. Member- 
 ship in the Exchange is a badge of business integrity 
 and prominence. It is also an obHgation to strive for 
 the city's welfare. Wm. T. Haarstick is president of 
 the Merchants' Exchange. The vice-presidents are 
 Geo. J. Tansey and T. R. Ballard. Geo. H. Morgan 
 is secretary and treasurer. 
 
 Younger but no less energetic in its efforts is the St. 
 Louis Business Men's League ; composed of 200 of the 
 leading business and professional men of the city. It 
 was* incorporated under its present name in iVpril, 1895, 
 but has really been in active operation since May, 1891, 
 in which month both the Autumnal Festivities Associa- 
 tion and the St. Louis Traffic Association were organized. 
 These two bodies, after completing the work for which 
 they were especially formed, consolidated and incor- 
 porated on a permanent basis the Business Men's 
 
84 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 League. The objects of this association, as stated in 
 its charter, are: to promote the interests of St. Louis 
 in every avenue of trade and commerce; to oppose 
 discrimination against the city; to secure increased 
 transportation facilities; to encourage the holding of 
 conventions in the Mound City; and "to secure, by 
 all legitimate means, the greatest good for the greatest 
 number of our people." 
 
 In conjunction with the Merchants' Exchange, the 
 Business Men's League maintains the St. Louis Traffic 
 Bureau, under the management of a traffic commis- 
 sioner. It has also a legal department with a regular 
 council. The successful efforts of the League in behalf 
 of St. Louis are recorded in counting rooms of every 
 commercial institution in the city and are recalled by 
 numbers of decisions of the Joint Traffic Association, by 
 national conventions held in the city, by the construction 
 of new railroad branches, and in scores of other ways. 
 Mr. Sam M. Kennard was president of the League for 
 the first three years. He was succeeded in turn by Mr. 
 John C. Wilkinson and former Mayor C. P. Walbridge. 
 Mr. James Cox is secretary and Mr. Walker Hill 
 treasurer. 
 
 A trade guild to which St. Louis owes some of its 
 most substantial success is the Interstate Merchants' 
 Association. Composed of many of the foremost mercan- 
 tile men of the section, it devotes itself to the expansion 
 of St. Louis' trade, particularly in the Mississippi Val- 
 ley and the further West. Inducements are secured 
 for and conveniences furnished visiting buyers. Mer- 
 
IMPELLING FORCES. 87 
 
 chants in other states are shown the wisdom of buying 
 in St. Louis rather than going further for their purchases ; 
 and, altogether, the Association is yearly welding into 
 imperishable strength the bonds that hook the Mound 
 City to the great Southwest as its natural and logical 
 metropolis. 
 
 No less influential is the St. Louis Manufacturers' 
 Association, organized in 1895, and incorporated in 
 May of that year. The work of this guild consists 
 chiefly in securing for St. Louis all possible material ad- 
 vantages in competition with the most favored cities. 
 The matters of transportation, taxation, legislation, in- 
 surance and trade expansion receive the closest atten- 
 tion from this association. But much of its work is 
 largely of a private nature, and there is therefore no 
 means of accurately computing the immense benefits 
 that have accrued to the city from the operations of the 
 St. Louis Manufacturers' Association. L. D. Kingsland 
 is the president and T. L. Cannon secretary of the as- 
 sociation. 
 
 There is no wasteful diffusion of business energies in 
 the Mound City. Each line of trade concentrates its 
 efforts through the agency of some guild for the advance- 
 ment of that particular branch of the city's business. 
 Of course, some of these guilds, by reason of the larger 
 capital invested and the more extensive demands to be 
 met, have domiciles of their own. Others, operating 
 as auxiliary bodies, make their headquarters in the 
 buildings of sister guilds. Among the foremost of these 
 organizations are the Cotton, Lumber, Wool and Drug 
 
88 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Exchanges. Each of these represents one of the city's 
 most extensive trades, and their members, belonging for 
 the most part to other St. Louis business organizations, 
 are among the leading commercial men of the com- 
 munity. 
 
 The wholesale and retail grocers and the wholesale 
 and retail druggists of the city have separate organiza- 
 tions, which have accomplished brilliant triumphs in 
 extending St. Louis' trade. 
 
 One of the most powerful guilds of the Mound City, 
 representing as it does one of St. Louis' leading lines 
 of business, is the Furniture Board of Trade. 
 
 Perhaps none of the trade guilds in the Mound City 
 gives it wider advertisement or more effective exploita- 
 tion than the fact that it is the national headquarters of 
 the Traveler's Protective Association of America, or, as 
 it is better known, the T. P. A. It is an organization 
 of commercial travelers and their employers, formed and 
 equipped for the prompt promotion of commercial in- 
 terests. In September, 1900, ten years after its or- 
 ganization, the association had a membership of 16,590, 
 distributed among twenty-nine states. Missouri is the 
 leading state division, with a membership of. 2, 850. Mr. 
 E. C. Burrows of Peoria, 111., and Mr. Louis T. La 
 Beaume of St. Louis, are respectively president and 
 secretary of the national organization. Post A of St. 
 Louis, the "Banner Post," has for its president and 
 secretary Messrs. Louis Rosen and Will B. Webber 
 respectively. 
 
 A kindred organization whose influences are immense 
 
IMPELLING FORCES. 89 
 
 throughout the territory with which St. Louis is pecu- 
 liarly identified, is the Western Commercial Travelers' 
 Association. 
 
 One of St. Louis' trade guilds embracing a tremen- 
 dous amount of business energy, locally applied, is the 
 City Drummers' Association. This organization of 
 bright young business men makes its influence felt in all 
 branches of commerce. 
 
 
RAPID TRANSIT. 
 
 lOMPARISON is impossible between the rapid 
 transit facilities of St. Louis and those of other 
 cities. The street car systems of the Mound 
 City were recognized years ago as furnishing the stand- 
 ards by which the methods of urban transportation in 
 other communities could be easiest measured. And St. 
 Louis transit equipments are only mentioned nowadays 
 to instance the closest approach that has been made 
 to perfection in that field of human endeavor. 
 
 From Baden on the extreme north to Carondelet on 
 the south, from the Mississippi River on the east to the 
 picturesque reaches of St. Louis County on the west, 
 the city is literally gridironed with electric railways. 
 But it is no more in their extensiveness than in the ex- 
 cellence of their service, that the distinguishing features 
 of these arteries of urban life are found. Every oppor- 
 tunity for public convenience has been consulted in the 
 construction of these lines, and arrangements of transfers 
 have been so thoroughly perfected, that it is practically 
 
 90 
 
RAPID TRANSIT. 91 
 
 possible for a passenger to go from any section of the 
 city to another with the greatest dispatch for one fare. 
 And connections are made with surburban lines that bring 
 a dozen adjacent towns and villages within an hour's 
 ride of the metropolis. 
 
 So complete are the conveniences and facihties af- 
 forded that, in view of the succession of splendid scenes 
 presented from a street car window in St. Louis, the 
 city's transit lines deserve to rank among the communi- 
 ty's amusement resources. Certainly it is an exhilarating 
 recreation to be whisked a dozen miles in a cushioned 
 seat,along rails that glide under the cars with the smooth- 
 ness of a summer sea, from an eminence that overlooks 
 the majestic Mississippi, with its picturesque craft and 
 mighty bridges, across which gleam the roof tops of East 
 St. Louis and the waving Illinois corn-fields beyond ; from 
 this panorama of two states through a crowd of archi- 
 tectural wonders sheltering the commercial activities of 
 a giant community ; on through long stretches of man- 
 sions and snug cottages reflecting the placid happiness 
 of a prosperous city of homes ; out into broad reaches 
 of a Missouri plain, and on under the spreading foliage 
 of a magnificent park. Such a ride is surely a method 
 of diversion ranking in the highest order of amusement. 
 
 In 1899 the street railways of St. Louis were as- 
 sembled into two main systems, nearly all the lines be- 
 ing consolidated into the larger concern, owned by the 
 United Railways Company, and operated by the St. 
 Louis Transit Company. The other system is that of 
 the St. Louis and Suburban Company. The St. Louis 
 
92 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Transit Company has 339.60 miles constructed and 
 about 80 miles that is authorized, making a total of 
 about 420 miles when all is completed, and now operat- 
 ing 2,000 cars and adding to equipment as construction 
 is completed ; while the St. Louis and Suburban Com- 
 pany owns fully 100 miles of line with over 300 cars. 
 The former concern is extending its services in all 
 directions. 
 
 Altogether, rapid transit is nowhere more convenient, 
 expeditious or economical than in St. Louis. By the 
 system of transfers adopted, a passenger finds it pos- 
 sible to ride twelve and one-half miles for one fare — 
 at a rate of two-fifths of one cent per mile. When 
 coupled to this cheapness of fare are considered the 
 manifold conveniences and comforts afforded by the 
 most modern adjuncts of street railway service, the ad- 
 vantages of St. Louis' rapid transit facilities become 
 apparent. 
 
 The remarkable progress and advance made in this 
 direction assume an astonishing phase when it is re- 
 called that less than fifteen years ago drivers were lash- 
 ing street car mules into a semblance of animation on 
 the principal thoroughfares of St. Louis. Then came 
 the cable car. It was regarded in its time as a wonder- 
 ful step of progress. The horse and mule slowly gave 
 way to the cable grip in the street car service, and 
 several years afterward— a decade since^the trolley 
 lines appeared. Now there is not a street railway in St. 
 Louis that is not fitted with appliances for electric loco- 
 motion. 
 
RAPID TRANSIT. 93 
 
 This rapid development of transit facilities is reflected 
 in the remarkable expansion of the city's residence 
 districts. As the electric lines reached out toward the 
 city Hmits, the home-seeker followed. The congestion 
 of down-town affairs was eluded, and St. Louis held 
 forth the attractiveness of ideal residence sections. The 
 far reaching electric lines have carried the hedges of 
 the cottages and the parterres of the mansion-owner 
 out beyond the intramural purlieus into the hills and val- 
 leys of St. Louis County and the sylvan nooks along the 
 Des Peres and Meramec Rivers. The compact busi- 
 ness districts thus find expanded lungs and dilated nos- 
 trils with which to inhale the odor of meadow land and 
 forest, the garden and the orchard, brought to them 
 from the homes of the clerk and the merchant prince 
 at the other end of the car lines. 
 
CITY OF 
 BEAUTIFUL HOMES. 
 
 HREAT as is St. Louis commercially and industri- 
 ally, its pre-eminence in material matters is no 
 more marked than its pre-eminence as a place 
 of beauty and comfort. 
 
 No feature of a residence place is more important 
 than its climate. The son of the balmy Southland hesi- 
 tates before plunging into the chill of the northern 
 zones ; and the child of the cooler latitudes shudders at 
 the prospect of continuous torridity. But St. Louis is 
 in the happy mean where the heat of summer and the 
 cold of winter are so tempered with mildness that no 
 stranger finds it necessary to go through the debilitating 
 process of being acclimated. Situated in latitude 38 
 degrees 37 minutes and 37.5 seconds North, and longi- 
 tude 90 degrees 11 minutes and 19.35 seconds West, 
 it never experiences those extremes of temperature so 
 common in most of the larger cities of the country, 
 where the sun and snow annually claim scores of victims. 
 In fact fatalities from weather causes are practically un- 
 
 94 
 
CITY OF BEAUTIFUL HOMES. 95 
 
 known in St. Louis ; and even in the zenith of the 
 heated term the Mound City is a place of relative 
 comfort. 
 
 From the mightiest river in the world, one of the 
 most beautiful of cities lifts itself in a succession of ter- 
 races to a plain garnished with some of the most taste- 
 ful and costly residential structures in America. St. 
 Louis slopes gently upward from the Mississippi, a mile 
 westward, where at Seventeenth Street the terrace on 
 which its business districts are distributed gains its 
 highest elevation, 150 feet above the river. A softly 
 outlined valley leads up to the next terrace, the surnmit 
 of which is at Garrison Avenue. Then, there is another 
 undulation, west of which rises the third of the city's 
 terraced divisions, at King's Highway Boulevard, four 
 miles west of and 200 feet above the river. Thence the 
 city reaches westward on a broad plateau whose gentle 
 swells and dales, like the calm heaving of a great lake, 
 add to the beauty of the landscape. 
 
 Geologists have declared that this series of terraces 
 on which St. Louis has assembled its beauties and its 
 strength mark the flood plains of successive periods. 
 Deposits of aqueous origin that are frequently upturned 
 on the surface of the city's outlying districts, together 
 with the analogous history of other borders of the Mis- 
 sissippi River, bear out this theory. And more practi- 
 cal scientists, who have turned their studies from the 
 formations of the past to the uses of the present, find 
 in these flood-cut table-lands St. Louis' surpassing 
 advantages of natural drainage. 
 
96 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Nature apparently set apart the Mound City's site 
 for the abiding place of a great community ; and the 
 arts, sciences and felicities of a happy people, directed 
 by an ever-assertive progressiveness, have carried out 
 this natural design. Perhaps no one feature con- 
 tributes more to the pleasantness of life in St. Louis 
 than the characteristics and tendencies of the people, 
 best traced in the history of the city itself. Settled by 
 the courteous and ceremonious French, the traditional 
 chivalry of whom lingers in every annal of the com- 
 munity, the trading post of Pierre Laclede Liguest en- 
 tered its career mingling the pretty customs and comi- 
 ties of old France with the rough and ready frankness 
 of the plains. It was a pleasant mixture of open- 
 hearted, alert and comradely spirit, tinctured with the 
 fine fancies and polish that the frontiersman from Eu- 
 rope could not entirely forget. Then came the new 
 generation and more pioneers — Englishmen, Germans 
 and adventurous spirits from all parts of the Old World. 
 The young blood of the American-born, infused with 
 the self-reliance and aggresive energy of colonial life, 
 was tempered by contact with the softening influences 
 from abroad. Common dangers and common hard- 
 ships imparted to all a sense of fellowship ; and through 
 the trials of pioneer days grew that sturdy race of men 
 ■ — ready to share cheer with their neighbors — who have 
 since given to the world an understanding of Amer- 
 icanism. 
 
 From a truly cosmopolitan settlement, St. Louis has 
 grown into a characteristically American metropolis. 
 
CITY OF BEAUTIFUL HOMES. 99 
 
 Its hospitality is the essence of its existence. Without 
 it St. Louis would not be St. Louis. From the un- 
 couth days when the settler's latch-string hung ready 
 for the touch of the traveler, the community has been a 
 fountain of hospitable amenities. With none of the 
 rigors of the North, and all the balm of the South, with 
 all the industry of the East and the freedom of the 
 West, it has become the most delightful abiding place on 
 the continent. Great gatherings that have passed into 
 the nation's history evoked striking demonstrations of 
 St. Louis hospitality. Delegates to national political 
 conventions or to social and fraternal conclaves, re- 
 turning to their homes, have echoed from one end of 
 the land to the other the incomparable hospitality of 
 the Mound City, giving to it a fame for open cheer that 
 no other community in the world enjoys. It is this 
 hospitable demeanor of the St. Louisan that adds one 
 of the chiefest charms to the city as a place of resi- 
 dence. 
 
 Social intercourse brings pride of home. Linked 
 with the hospitality of St. Louisans is a pervading spirit 
 of public improvement. The desire to embellish and 
 adorn the community has been the predominant public 
 inclination throughout the municipal life of St. Louis. 
 Encouraged by the wealth of natural beauties that 
 abound on all sides, this desire has thrived and pros- 
 pered on accomplishment until, at the dawn of the 
 Twentieth Century, the finest ingenuity is required to 
 devise some new means of enhancing the city's attrac- 
 tiveness. 
 
lOO IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 The progress of the city's development as a place of 
 pleasant residence is traced by the growth of building 
 westward from the Mississippi River. In St. Louis' 
 earliest days the plain but substantial homes of the 
 pioneers were built on the crest of the incline that raises 
 itself from the western bank of the great river. Then, 
 as fortunes accumulated among the settlers, their resi- 
 dences crept away from the noise and bustle of the river 
 traiific and clustered along Lucas Place, on the first 
 reach of the terrace that looks down on the great Father 
 of Waters Perhaps no more comfortable homes w^ere 
 ever erected. The fanciful and fretted architecture of 
 the end-of-the-century palaces presents more sprightly 
 fronts, but certainly none of the latter-day mansions 
 surpass in massive, substantial comfort the old-style, 
 southern homes that were built on Lucas Place in the 
 early days of St. Louis. Many of these structures still 
 stand, quaint monuments of a quaint past, listening to 
 the murmur from the venerable shade trees that sur- 
 round them of those other times when chivalry reigned. 
 
 As the wealth of the community increased, new resi- 
 dence districts blossomed forth. The arts of the gar- 
 dener and the skill of the builder created new beauties 
 in the Lafayette Park district, along South Broadway 
 on the Bluffs, westward from the Lucas Place environs 
 to Lindell Boulevard and on Grand Avenue. Then 
 came the period of superb palaces. Vandeventer Place 
 was created — an exclusive demesne for the palatial 
 homes of those who sought to test the architect's skill 
 in devising beautiful abodes. 
 
CITY OF BEAUTIFUL HOMES. lOI 
 
 The spirit of emulation among home-builders was 
 abroad and it grew with the erection of each new 
 palace. The residence districts scattered, and, in scat- 
 tering, spread additional beauties of even greater 
 grandeur. Westmoreland, Portland, Cabanne and West 
 Cabanne Places were laid out, platted and built up 
 into distinctive communities of social sacredness and 
 architectural splendor. The Compton Heights vicinage 
 grew into beauty under the hands of home-builders ; 
 and Hawthorne and Longfellow Boulevards became 
 garden spots, vieing in picturesque magnificence with 
 the finest residence sections in the world. 
 
 Since then clusters of beautiful mansions have been 
 assembled in scores of neighborhoods throughout the 
 city, until the face of St. Louis has grown like the sur- 
 face of some great garden. On South Grand Avenue, 
 almost in the Compton Heights district, at the other 
 extreme of the city in North St. Louis and wherever 
 the opportunities of site and surroundings were found, 
 the lavish hand of the home-builder has been at work. 
 Some of these beautiful sections still lack the finishing 
 crown that will come when the prospective dwellers 
 have erected their residences. But they have been 
 laid out with great care in exquisite order for home 
 purposes, with granitoid pavements, shaded by well-set 
 trees, and inclosed with pretty walls and gates which 
 mark them as exclusive reservations. These plats are 
 held by their owners until a raise of values shall have 
 come through the utilization of other residence districts. 
 But these vacant spaces only set off the exquisite 
 
I02 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 beauties of the idealic homes that group about them. 
 To plunge from the noise and bustle and grime of the 
 industrial centers into these home districts, is like en- 
 tering an Elysian realm. The clang of bells, the hoarse 
 whirr of wheels and the turmoil of trade, change to 
 the chirp of birds in the trees, and the tinkle of musical 
 instruments among the houses that nestle amid the foli- 
 age. The murmur of fountains among vari-colored 
 flower beds, the soft sighing of the willow as it sways 
 under passing breezes, the quiet of home life, and all 
 the sweet fancies that linger where Art and Nature 
 meet, make of these Boulevards and Places veritable 
 havens of happiness. 
 
 The majestic spread of the elm and the sycamore in- 
 close broad avenues along which rise marvels of the 
 architect's fancy. Here a Parthenon front betrays the 
 classic taste of the owner, and there a castellated annex 
 tells of a leaning toward a different style of architecture. 
 Drive-ways between oaks and maples and bordered by 
 silver-leaf poplars lead to splendid palaces, whose fretted 
 cornices and graceful outlines tell that the builders 
 looked to the Renaissance for their architectural ideals. 
 A walnut coppice across the way shelters a row of Ionic 
 columns; and beyond, a stretch of ash and gum trees 
 show the minaret-like projections of a mansion erected 
 along Moorish lines. 
 
 One of the most striking features of St. Louis' do- 
 mestic palaces is the diversification of architectural 
 styles that attended their construction. Now and then 
 a group of these palatial residences are built with some 
 
CITY OF BEAUTIFUL HOMES. IO3 
 
 similarity of outlines, and the Flemish ideal will pre- 
 dominate in this group, the Gothic in another, and the 
 Doric further on. But the general rule seems to have 
 been a diffusion of styles ; and in any one of the superb 
 residence places, shut off from ordinary traffic at either 
 end by fanciful gates depending from massive columns, 
 and parked along the center of its entire length with 
 series of variegated parterres and luxuriant foliage trees, 
 are found a dozen different representations of archi- 
 tecture. A search of modern palaces the world over 
 will scarcely reveal a more striking array of homes than 
 are found among these places and boulevards of St. 
 Louis, such as, for example, those of Messrs. J. C. Van 
 Blarcom, Thos. H. West, T. A. Meysenberg and E. 
 C. Sterling, in Westmoreland Place; of Messrs. J. B. 
 M. Kehlor, H. I. Drummond, R. C. Kerens and H. C. 
 Pierce, in Vandeventer Place; of Messrs. S. M. Ken- 
 nard, W. D. Orthwein, L. B. Tebbetts and J. A. Holmes, 
 in Portland Place; of Messrs. D. M. Houser, J. M. 
 Carpenter, G. W. Garrels, J. B. C. Lucas, and scores 
 of others on West Pine Boulevard ; of Messrs. E. A. 
 Busch, Zach W. Tinker, Dr. H. M. von Starkloff and 
 Wm. H. Dittman, on Longfellow Boulevard; of Messrs. 
 C. Stoffregen, W. T. Koken, Prof. C. M. Woodward and 
 L. H. Lohmeyer, on Hawthorne Boulevard; and of 
 other merchant princes and representative St. Louisans 
 in other residence districts 
 
PARKS AND GARDENS. 
 
 HROXIMITY to public parks has appeared to be 
 one of the desiderata in the selection of St. Louis 
 residence sites. With a score of these " public 
 lungs " scattered from one end of the community to the 
 other, St. Louis might well be termed the city of parks. 
 Stretches of green trees shading bubbling fountains and 
 hiding pretty sylvan nooks, break the continuity of brick 
 and stone in every quarter of the city. St. Louis parks 
 represent a value of more than ^10,000,000, and among 
 them are several that surpass any others in the world in 
 several distinctive features. During its park-making 
 career, the municipality has expended ^4,926,087.85 
 for their purchase. The remainder have either been 
 bequeathed to the city, or are maintained as public re- 
 sorts under special commissions. 
 
 Thousands of dollars are expended annually in the 
 maintenance and adornment of these beautiful reserva- 
 tions. The skill of the gardener and the horticulturist 
 demonstrate the beauteous issue of Nature's union with 
 
 104 
 
PARKS AND GARDENS. IO5 
 
 Art ; and statuary from the studios of some of the greatest 
 artists of the day* lend auspice to the other attractions 
 of the parks. Statues of Washington, Lafayette, Hum- 
 boldt and Shakespeare, of Benton, Clay, Blair and Grant, 
 and of other statesmen, warriors and men of letters, grace 
 opportune coigns in every park in the city. 
 
 The largest of these stretches of natural beauty in St. 
 Louis, and the second largest in the country, is Forest 
 Park. It is more than a park, it is a place of gladsome 
 resort for rich and poor alike. Entertainment of infinite 
 variety and extent is afforded all classes. Throughout 
 its 1371.94 acres of area are spread natural and artistic 
 beauties, that both enthrall and entrance. The .pictur- 
 esque River Des Peres winds its way through Forest Park, 
 feeding the many lakes and ponds, on which pleasure 
 craft ply on balmy summer afternoons or under the ro- 
 mantic moonlight. There are menageries, aviaries 
 and aquariums to amuse and instruct ; there are fish- 
 hatcheries and plant reservations, in which piscatorial 
 and vegetable specimens are perpetuated ; there are 
 spacious picnic grounds for idlers, courts for tennis 
 players, amphitheaters for athletic contests, and racing 
 courses for wheelmen and horses. All are free to the 
 public, and every citizen of the community is entitled 
 to equal enjoyment of all these opportunities for diver- 
 sion. 
 
 The hoot of the owl, the croaking of frogs, the 
 musical trill of the feathered songster, and the gurgle of 
 plashing fountains join in one sweet melody that per- 
 vades the great park, and, mingling with the hum of 
 
I06 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 voices, tell of peace and rest in Nature's bosom. Then 
 on summer evenings the strain of brass bands and loiter- 
 ing musicians, throbbing under the hundreds of electric 
 Hghts that flash through the park, tell of the human joys 
 and pleasures that come when the day's toil is over. 
 
 Hiram W. Leffingwell, whose name indentifies itself 
 with several imperishable institutions in St. Louis, con- 
 ceived the first definite plan for the establishment of 
 Forest Park. A bill to carry out his project was enacted 
 by the state legislature , and approved on March 25,1872. 
 But the enactment was opposed by several interested 
 property holders, and a resort to the courts resulted in 
 a decison that it was unconstitutional. St. Louis' char- 
 acteristic perseverance was involved, and the park pro- 
 moters again appealed to the legislature. There was a 
 new enactment, approved on March 25, 1874, but this 
 was also assailed in the courts. However, a final de- 
 cision sustaining every clause of this second act was 
 rendered before the expiration of another year, and the 
 work of laying out the great park commenced at once 
 thereafter. Three appraisers set the value of lands in- 
 volved at $799:995. This appraisement was approved, 
 and the municipal park board, after the usual processes 
 of condemnation of the selected area, assumed charge 
 of the land. April 15, 1875, witnessed the inauguration 
 of permanent improvements, which have since been 
 carried on with unremitting energy. 
 
 To an Englishman who adopted America as his 
 country and St. Louis as his home, the Mound City 
 owes at least two of its world-famous parks. One, 
 
PARKS AND GARDENS. I07 
 
 the Missouri Botanical or Shaw's Garden, is peerless in 
 its assemblage of horticultural and floral specimens. 
 In 1858 Mr. Henry Shaw, who had amassed a fortune 
 and retired from commercial life, secured permission to 
 establish his garden at Shaw and Tower Grove Avenues - 
 In that year he organized the collection of plants thai 
 has since given to the botanists of the universe one of 
 their deepest interests, and to millions who have had 
 " an eye for the beautiful," or a sympathy for Nature's 
 charms, one of their keenest pleasures. It is claimed 
 that every flower, plant, tree and shrub in the world is 
 represented in Shaw's Garden. 
 
 Spread over an area of forty-five acres is a marvelous 
 gathering of plant wonders from every corner of the globe. 
 The giant cacti and lilies of the tropics shelter delicate 
 orchids from the temperate zones ; magnificent forest 
 monarchs, standing here and there in isolated splendor, 
 set off the beauties of gorgeous flowers from near-by 
 parterres. 
 
 Sylvan grottoes and picturesque dells dot this spread 
 of plant beauties, and between the reaches of floral 
 grandeur hot-houses and conservatories intersperse a 
 number of more fragile growths that require the tender 
 nursing of indoor culture. An extensive botanical 
 library, with more than 10,000 volumes, and two her- 
 bariums — one the work of Dr. George Engelman — form 
 important adjuncts of the great garden. Henry Shav/ 
 died in 1889, bequeathing a large estate valued at more 
 than ^1,000,000 for the maintenance of his matchless 
 garden as a public resort. The directions of his will 
 are carried out with scrupulous nicety, and hundreds of 
 
I08 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 thousands of persons annually marvel at the surpassing 
 grandeur of the botanical collections. Admission is with- 
 out charge, and ample provision is made to render a 
 visit to the garden both instructive and entertaining. 
 
 Just South of Shaw's Garden is St. Louis' most beauti- 
 ful park. While Tower Grove Park lacks the area of 
 other public reservations, it makes up in exquisiteness of 
 design and beauty of arrangement what it lacks in di- 
 mensions. It is one of the most artistically kept parks 
 in the world. Tower Grove Park is also a gift to St. 
 Louis from Henry Shaw, but its bequest was conditioned 
 on the annual appropriation by the city of $25,000 for 
 its maintenance. The yearly expenditure of this sum 
 insures the most careful preservation and the most in- 
 dustrious extension of the park's beauties, and they 
 are countless. It is Tower Grove Park that contains 
 the most beautiful statues in the city's custody. It is 
 Tower Grove Park, too, that contains a mulberry tree 
 which has reared its spreading branches from a slip 
 brought from Shakespeare's tomb on the Avon, and 
 planted here by Adelaide Nielson of histrionic fame. 
 Tower Grove Park has an area of 266.67 acres, and, 
 like Shaw's Botanical Garden, is under the care and 
 supervision of a special Board of Trustees. 
 
 Carondelet Park, in the extreme southern portion of 
 St. Louis, has an area of 180 acres. Next in point of 
 dimensions ranks O'Fallon Park, at the other end of the 
 city, with 158.32 acres. Besides the parks mentioned 
 are the following: Compton Hill Reservoir Park, on 
 South Grand Avenue ; Benton Park, Jefferson Avenue 
 and Arsenal Street ; Carondelet, at Ninth and Kansas ; 
 
PARKS AND GARDENS 
 
 Carr Square, between Wash, Carr, Fourteenth and 
 Sixteenth Streets; Clifton, at Simpson and Bowman 
 Avenues; Fountain, at Bayard and Fountain Avenues; 
 Frisco, at Clifton and Wilson Avenues; Gamble, be- 
 tween Gamble and Dayton Streets and Glasgow and 
 Garrison x\ venues ; Gravois, on Louisiana Avenue, be- 
 tween Potomac and Miami Streets; Hyde, between 
 Salisbury and- Bremen and Blair Avenue and Twentieth 
 Street; Jackson Place, Eleventh and North Market 
 Streets ; Kenrick Garden, Lindell Boulevard and Van- 
 deventer Avenue ; Klondike, Grand Avenue and Mer- 
 amec; Laclede, Iowa Avenue near Osage; Lafayette, 
 between Mississippi, Lafayette and Park Avenues; 
 Lemp's, Thirteenth near Utah Street; Lyon, on Broad- 
 way, between Arsenal and Utah Streets; O' Fallon, on 
 Broadway near Bircher Street ; South St. Louis Square, 
 between Broadway, Courtois and Pennsylvania Avenue ; 
 St. Louis, between Benton, Hebert and Twenty-first 
 Streets. In addition to these are the great Fair Grounds 
 and New Sportsman's Park, in Northwest St. Louis; 
 Cherokee Garden, and other pleasure retreats, where 
 entertaintment is offered amid the refreshing odors of 
 foliage and flowers. 
 
 But St. Louis has not ceased making parks nor stopped 
 its efforts to beautify the community. A beautiful park 
 is being laid out at Chain of Rocks, overlooking the 
 Mississippi in North St. Louis ; and a great project is 
 under way for a riverside drive that will lead from the 
 center of the city along the western bank of the Father 
 of Waters to Jefferson Barracks on the south, and to 
 the Water Works on the north. 
 
[£ EDUCATION 
 
 AND LITERATURE. 
 
 nURNING from a scrutiny of material conveniences 
 to the higher needs of mind and soul, one is 
 struck by the educational and moral advantages 
 of St. Louis. The best tribute to its public school sys- 
 tem is found in the fact that numbers of other cities 
 have followed its lead along various plans of education. 
 St. Louisans point to no valued possession of their city 
 with more pride than to its public schools. And this 
 is justly so. No city in the world can boast a better 
 plan of public education more extensively applied. 
 
 Under the direction of a Board of Education, whose 
 officials seek constantly to keep abreast of the times, not 
 only in the matter of curriculum, but in the spirit, means 
 and methods of instruction as well, the public school 
 system of St. Louis easily becomes a source of interest 
 to educational circles throughout the world. For in- 
 stance, an experiment, which is being closely watched 
 by the school boards of a number of the larger cities of 
 the country, is in progress in St. Louis. It consists of 
 
 112 
 
EDUCATION AND LITERATURE. 1 I3 
 
 the construction and use of portable schools to meet the 
 changing necessities of the scholastic population in the 
 outlying districts. This venture, which was planned 
 and first placed in operation in 1899, is proving emi- 
 nently satisfactory. 
 
 There are 125 public school buildings in St. Louis, 
 containing 1,275 separate rooms. These school houses 
 are massive structures, acknowledged models, and the 
 High School on Grand Avenue is a veritable palace of 
 learning. In 1901 there were 1,638 teachers, with an 
 enrollment of over 112,000 pupils. In the higher-grade 
 schools, manual training and domestic science have 
 been added to the course of study. Educators of in- 
 ternational reputation have acknowledged that the 
 methods pursued in these schools are excelled nowhere 
 in the world. The range of instruction is considered 
 sufficiently comprehensive to well fit an ambitious 
 youth for a creditable struggle in life. And, indeed, 
 the more liberal plans that obtain nowadays in the uni- 
 versities of the country, a diploma from the St. Louis 
 High School is regarded as sufficient equipment to gain 
 admission to almost any of them. 
 
 Every phase of the student life has been and is closely 
 studied by those who direct the city's public schools. 
 Not only are the mental and moral elements carefully 
 looked after, but the physical well-being of every pu- 
 pil is safely guarded. Hygiene and physical culture 
 are prominent features of the public schools' manage- 
 ment. 
 
 So broad is the scope of instruction that at the High 
 
114 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 School a military training is furnished. There, as at all 
 the other larger educational institutions of the city, is 
 stationed a United States Army officer, who serves as a 
 miHtary instructor. The arms and accouterments are 
 furnished by the Federal Government, while the other 
 expenses of this branch of training are defrayed by the 
 Board of Education, in the case of the High School, 
 and by the universities, colleges and academies them- 
 selves in the cases of the other institutions. 
 
 Students from every zone and every country attend 
 these latter institutions. The fame of Washington and 
 St. Louis Universities extends to the remotest corner of 
 civilization. 
 
 Universities these great estabhshments are in every 
 sense that their name implies, embracing as they do 
 teachings and students of the whole universe. No study 
 is absent from their curriculum, from the last sciences 
 to the most modern utilities. Washington University 
 is credited with one of the largest aggregate endow- 
 ments ever possessed by an educational establishment. 
 Just beyond Forest Park, work has been commenced 
 on a series of mammoth structures in which are to be 
 assembled the University and its auxiliaries, now domi- 
 ciled at Seventeenth Street and Washington Avenue 
 and in other buildings near the center of the city. An 
 idea of the extensiveness of the institution is given by 
 the statement that it comprehends the following estab- 
 lishments: Undergraduate Department, including the 
 College and the School of Engineering, at Washington 
 Avenue and Seventeenth Street; Henry Shaw School of 
 
EDUCATION AND LITERATURE. II5 
 
 Botany, 1724 Washington Avenue; St. Louis School of 
 Fine Arts, Nineteenth and Locust Streets; St. Louis 
 Law School, 141 7 Locust Street; St. Louis and Mis- 
 souri Medical College, 1806 Locust Street; and Mis- 
 souri Dental College, 18 14 Locust Street. The follow- 
 ing schools have also been organized under the charter 
 of the University : Smith Academy, Washington Avenue 
 and Nineteenth Street; Mary Institute (for girls), at 
 Locust and Beaumont Streets ; and the Manual Train- 
 ing School, at Washington Avenue and Eighteenth 
 Street. 
 
 All the funds required for the establishment of the 
 University on its new site beyond Forest Park are al- 
 ready in the hands of the Board of Directors. The 
 ground, covering 153 acres, admirably adapted to uni- 
 versity purposes, was purchased for ^350,000, sub- 
 scribed by citizens of St. Louis. The new buildings 
 will be as follows : A hall, which will include the ad- 
 ministration offices of the University, and rooms for 
 such subjects of instruction as do not require labora- 
 tories, to cost ^250,000, the gift of Mr. Robert S. 
 Brookings ; two buildings for the engineering depart- 
 ment — civil, mechanical and electrical — together with 
 the architectural branch, to cost ^250,000, the gift of 
 Mr. Samuel Cupples ; a building devoted to chemistry, 
 to cost $100,000, the gift of Mr. Adolphus Busch ; and 
 a dormitory, to cost $100,000, the gift of Mrs. John E. 
 Liggett. The Board also holds the gifts of the late 
 Stephen Ridgley, amounting to $100,000, to be ex- 
 pended in the construction and maintenance of a library 
 
Il6 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 building. All the new structures are to be ready for 
 occupancy by September, 1901. 
 
 Washington University was incorporated under the 
 State laws on February 22, 1853. 
 
 Considerably older, with a superb structure at Grand 
 Avenue and West Pine Boulevard, is the St. Louis Uni- 
 versity. It was founded as the St. Louis College by the 
 Jesuit Fathers in 1828, and on December 28, 1832, 
 the state legislature granted the institution a charter 
 under its present title. The magnificent domicile in 
 which the University is conducted was built in 1888. 
 In extent, proportions and beauty of design, it is one 
 of the architectural prides of the city. Year by 
 year the great structure has been added to, until the 
 series of buildings now occupies the greater part of 
 an unusually spacious block. Some of the most famous 
 men in Missouri's history have claimed St. Louis Uni- 
 versity as their alma mater. One of the prettiest fea- 
 tures of this great University is furnished by its military 
 element. The cadets are regularly organized into 
 military companies in regimental formation, with a 
 drum and bugle corps. 
 
 One of the most famous educational institutions in 
 the West is the Christian Brothers' College, located on 
 a peculiarly favorable site in the northwestern portion 
 of the city, on Easton Avenue. It was founded in 
 185 1 at the request of Archbishop Kenrick, by 
 Brothers Patrick, Dorothy, Paulian, Barbas and Noah, 
 of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. The estab- 
 lishment was incorporated by the state legislature in 
 
EDUCATION AND LITERATURE. II7 
 
 1855, being empowered "to grant diplomas, confer 
 degrees and bestow all literary honors usually conferred 
 by universities of learning." The aim of the College 
 is to give the highest type of liberal education in liter- 
 ature, the sciences and commerce. The most lavish 
 encomiums are well deserved by its conscientious corps 
 of instructors, and no institution of learning in the 
 world has won a relatively larger measure of success 
 than the Christian Brothers' College. The faculty pays 
 close attention to physical culture and discipline. 
 More than ten acres of the College grounds have been 
 converted into ball fields, tennis courts and athletic 
 arenas, and there are, in addition, two fully-equipped 
 gymnasiums. All the students are required to take 
 part in the regular gymnastic training. 
 
 Not one whit behind the universities and colleges 
 for boys are St. Louis' great institutions of learning for 
 girls. Mary Institute and Forest Park University are 
 known from one end of America to the other. But it 
 is to the convents of St. Louis that one is naturally di- 
 rected by mention of establishments for the instruction 
 of girls. The sweet incense of maidenhood that lingers 
 around those sacred edifices is mingled with an exalt- 
 ing sense of the great work that is done inside their 
 cloistered halls. The Academy of the Sacred Heart 
 at Maryville in South St. Louis is indissolubly linked 
 with the educational achievements of the Mound City. 
 It is conducted by the Religious of the Sacred Heart, 
 under direction of a Mother Superior. The beautiful 
 grounds surrounding the Academy contain twenty-two 
 
Il8 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 acres of wood and lawn on a bluff overlooking the Mis- 
 sissippi River. A unique feature of the institution is 
 that the French language is the only tongue heard 
 within its portals, save in the class-rooms. 
 
 No less picturesque is the Young Ladies' Academy 
 of the Visitation in Cabanne Place, between Belt and 
 Union Avenues. Its Sixty-Eighth Annual Commence- 
 ment exercises were held in June, 1901. The Aca- 
 demy is conducted by the Religious Sisters of the 
 Order of the Visitation, founded in 16 10 in Haute- 
 Savoie, France, by St. Francis, Count of Sales, and 
 Ste. Jane Frances, Baroness of Chantal. It is located 
 on an elevated site, with shaded walks, ample grounds, 
 an extensive and commodious range of buildings, and 
 a gymnasium and bowling alley for exercise in incle- 
 ment weather. Of course, as in all similar institutions, 
 music, deportment, the polite languages and everything 
 that goes to make up the complement of womanly ac- 
 complishments, receive especial attention in the course 
 of instruction. 
 
 Another hilly eminence in St. Louis is adorned by 
 the Ursuline Academy, at Twelfth Street and Russell 
 Avenue. It was opened as a modest school on No- 
 vember 2, 1848, on Broadway — then Fifth Street — by 
 four Sisters of the Ursuline Order. On January 2, 
 1850, the site of the present Ursuline Academy was 
 selected by Archbishop Kenrick. The building is 
 spacious, and the appointments of the most carefully 
 selected character. 
 
 St. Vincent's Seminary and a number of other con- 
 
EDUCATION AND LITERATURE. 121 
 
 vents amplify the capacities of the city for the educa- 
 tion of girls, while several hundred private and paro- 
 chial schools are distributed throughout St. Louis. 
 Beside these are numbers of business, independent and 
 technical colleges, among them being the Barnes Medi- 
 cal College, Bishop Robertson Hall, Marion-Sims Col- 
 lege of Medicine, Hosmer Hall, and the St. Louis Col- 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons. 
 
 Closely allied to the educational system of the city, 
 if not properly a part thereof, are the public libraries. 
 There are a number of these with a scope of books suf- 
 ficiently extensive in range to meet the tastes and wants 
 of the best educated community in the world, and with 
 a population twice as numerous as that of the Mound 
 City. The Public Library, in the Board of Education 
 Building at Ninth and Locust Streets, was established 
 in 1865 by the School Board It now contains 140,000 
 volumes and 27,000 pamphlets. The reading-room is 
 supplied with 549 regularly-furnished periodicals and 
 twenty-one daily newspapers. Admission to this world 
 of literature and knowledge is absolutely free. The 
 total issue of books and periodicals at the Public 
 Library aggregates 1,000,000 annually. 
 
 Rivaling the Public Library in every way is the Mer- 
 cantile Library, at Broadway and Locust Street. In 
 1901 it numbered 3,700 members, who had access to 
 upward of 112,000 volumes and 480 regularly-furnished 
 periodicals. The annual attendance at the Mercantile 
 Library approximates 125,000. 
 
 Of course, every institution of learning in St. Louis 
 
122 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 has its library, but in addition to these are a number of 
 public collections of books attached to various organi- 
 zations and establishments. Among these are the St. 
 Louis Law Library, established in i8t,8, having 26,000 
 volumes in 1900; the Odd Fellows' Library, at Ninth 
 and Olive Streets; and the Young Men's Christian 
 Association and St. Louis Turn Verein Libraries. 
 
 With its schools and libraries, the Mound City pos- 
 sesses an abundance of encouragement for literature 
 and the arts. Indeed, St. Louis ranks among the most 
 generous patrons of the worlds of letters and ideals. 
 She has set some of the brightest figures in the dramatic 
 and literary firmaments, while sculptors and painters 
 have gone forth from the Mound City to lasting fame. 
 The success that St. Louisans have won in the literary 
 field has been fostered and is reflected by the city's 
 press. St. Louis boasts eight daily newspapers, each 
 of which is conducted on the most progressive metro- 
 politan plans. The St. Louis Globe-Democrat, the or- 
 gan of Missouri Republicans, is one of the world's 
 foremost morning newspapers. Its energetic com- 
 petitor, the St. Louis Republic, founded in 1808, rep- 
 resents the Democracy in the morning newspaper field. 
 The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, one of the leading after- 
 noon newspapers of the country, is famous for its ear- 
 nest championship of the Democratic party ; while one 
 of its competitors, the St. Louis Star, is equally as 
 zealous in the support of RepubHcanism. The St. Louis 
 Chronicle, also an afternoon newspaper, maintains an 
 independent attitude in political affairs, though being 
 recognized as an organ of the masses. 
 
EDUCATION AND LITERATURE. 1 23 
 
 The Westliche Post, a morning newspaper printed in 
 German, has an extensive circulation. By many it is 
 accounted the foremost German-American daily news- 
 paper. Its local competitor in the morning newspaper 
 field, the Amerika, is devoted largely to German reli- 
 gious affairs. The Abend Anzeiger, really the after- 
 noon edition of the Westliche Post, is an influential 
 paper with marked energy and progress. The Daily 
 Hotel Reporter occupies a field all its own. 
 
 A number of high-class weekly, semi-monthly and 
 monthly periodicals add to the current literature of St. 
 Louis. Some of these are technical publications. 
 Others are devoted to certain cults and societies, and 
 a number of them are printed in foreign tongues. Al- 
 together, the Mound City has 267 regular publications. 
 
 ^^ 
 
CHURCHES OF ST. LOUIS.^ 
 
 T. LOUIS is as much a stronghold in religious af- 
 fairs as it is a giant in educational matters. This 
 is readily seen from the statement, that there are 
 more than three- hundred places of divine worship in 
 the Mound City. As one looks down on St. Louis, with 
 sweeping gaze from some eminence— say from the roof of 
 one of the many-storied Olive Street Buildings — count- 
 less spires are seen on every side, marking like index 
 fingers the religious zeal of the people. Faiths of 
 every kind find here a liberal support. Money has been 
 spent lavishly on church buildings, and on the works 
 of beneficence and philanthropy which emanate from 
 the churches. Nor do the spires indicate all the com- 
 panies of worshipers. In plainer buildings there as- 
 semble the followers of many new faiths, of philosophical 
 cults, and of societies for mutual improvement. The 
 many forms into which religious thought has crystallized, 
 and the cordial assistance which is given to each faith, 
 are alike characteristic of the earnest-minded people of 
 this city. 
 
 124 
 
CHURCHES OF ST. LOUIS. 1 25 
 
 Owing to the geographical situation of St. Louis, it 
 happens that the Northern and Southern divisions into 
 which the Baptist, Methodist Episcopal and Presbyterian 
 Churches were rent on account of the Civil War, meet 
 here on common ground. The enmity that caused the 
 separation has long since ceased to exist in St. Louis, 
 and the prediction has been made by those who see the 
 signs of the times that, if the old sectional barriers are 
 ever swept away, St. Louis may claim the merit of having 
 first set the example of "malice toward none, and 
 charity for all." In no other city would this great 
 achievement be possible, for St. Louis is the only reli- 
 gious center in the Union in which one branch or the 
 other of these great denominations does not so far exceed 
 and outweigh its opposite as to make the elimination of 
 prejudice a most difficult task. 
 
 St. Louis is strong in its Roman Catholic Churches. It 
 has been the center of the St. Louis archdiocese since 
 1826, and its old Cathedral, on Walnut Street, is a 
 time-honored landmark of the city. Farther west is a 
 large tract of ground which has been purchased for the 
 building of a new Cathedral, and on which the hand- 
 somely equipped Cathedral Chapel already stands. The 
 archiepiscopal palace on Lindell Boulevard, which was 
 the gift of St. Louis citizens— Protestants and Catholics 
 alike — is the home of an Archbishop renowned in the 
 ecclesiastical councils of the country. Another splendid 
 residence is occupied by the Vicar-General, it having 
 been recently presented to him by the Ursuline nuns, 
 whose mother-house has stood on South Twelfth Street 
 for fifty years. 
 
126 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Many religious orders are represented in St. Louis. 
 The School Sisters of Notre Dame have here their 
 mother- house for the whole of the South and West, and 
 there are other large convents occupied by the Sisters 
 of St. Joseph, the Carmelites, the Sisters of Charity, the 
 Sisters of Loretto, the Visitation nuns, and the Ladies 
 of the Sacred Heart. Kenrick Theological Seminary, 
 conducted by the Lazarist Fathers, graduates a large 
 class each year, and has sent out priests to all parts of 
 the world, some of whom have suffered martrydom for 
 their faith. A large monastery for novices in the Jesuit 
 order is just west of the city, and near by stands the 
 monastery of the Passionists, famed for their missions. 
 The Franciscan monks, with their old-world friars' 
 gowns and sandaled feet, have their home on Mera- 
 mec Street. 
 
 Each of the sixty-five Catholic Churches of the city is 
 well built. One of them, the Church of Holy Trinity, 
 is a massive stone structure which cost almost a quarter 
 of a million dollars, and which is unequaled in Gothic 
 architecture by anything west of New York City. Paro- 
 chial Schools are now attached to every church in the 
 city, and the excellence of these institutions was so highly 
 commended by Cardinal SartoUi, when he visited St. 
 Louis, that the title of Monsignor was conferred on three 
 rectors of the city in consequence. The various sodali- 
 ties and societies of the Church have each a large en- 
 rolment of members, and in St. Lawrence O'Toole's 
 parish there exists every Catholic society that is known 
 in the world. 
 
CHURCHES OF ST. LOUIS. 1 27 
 
 St. Louis is a see city of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church. The wonderfully wrought ^5,000 stained 
 glass window in Christ Church Cathedral is only one of 
 the many beauties of that grand old building. At the 
 head of the Cathedral staff is the zealous Bishop Tuttle, 
 who, although ranking third in seniority among all the 
 Episcopal Bishops of the country, is still a hale and 
 vigorous man, widely known for his astuteness as well 
 as for his benevolence. The Dean of the Cathedral has 
 two able assistants, and the parish house of the Cathed- 
 ral (called the Schuyler Memorial House in honor of 
 the late Dean) is the center of scores of charitable en- 
 terprises. St. Thomas' Mission for the Deaf, with its 
 deaf-mute pastor, is an example of the many practical 
 lines of effort which go forth from the Cathedral. 
 
 Among the twenty-two Episcopal Churches of the 
 city, one may freely take his choice between " high " 
 and " low church," for the extremes of both are to be 
 found here, as well as the golden mean between the 
 two. The Episcopal Church has reached out her arms 
 in mission work all over the city. The effectiveness of 
 this work has been enhanced by the excellence of the 
 parish choirs, which in every instance have been of 
 great assistance to the clergy. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church in St. Louis, like the South- 
 ern Methodist, the Christian and the Baptist Churches, 
 has a depository which carries on a thriving business, 
 and is the headquarters of the denomination in the city 
 and suburbs. Northern and Southern Presbyterian 
 ministers have so far forgotten old divisions that the 
 
128 IN A NUTSHELL 
 
 pastors of all the thirty-two Presbyterian Churches meet 
 weekly at the depository for conference, although the 
 Presbyterial meetings are held separately. 
 
 Some of the most eminent Presbyterian divines of 
 the country have their home in St. Louis. Notable 
 among these is Rev. Samuel J. Niccolls, D.D., some- 
 times spoken of as "the Bishop of the Presbyterian 
 Church," to whom attaches the honor of being the 
 youngest man ever chosen as Moderator of the General 
 Assembly. Dr. Niccols is pastor of the Second Church, 
 whose new $100,000 house of worship is now just 
 finished for occupancy. The entertainment provided 
 for the Presbyterian General Assembly, which met in St. 
 Louis in the spring of 1.900, was commented on at the 
 time as being the most lavish and hospitable that the 
 Assembly has ever known. The Women's Board of 
 Presbyterian Missions of the Southwest has its ofifices 
 in the depository building, and a number of missionaries 
 are sent out from St. Louis each year by the women. 
 
 A resident Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 Bishop J. N. Fitzgerald, is staitioned in St. Louis, and 
 three presiding elders — for the German, the English- 
 speaking, and the colored churches — have their homes 
 here. Beside these, there is the presiding elder of the 
 Southern Methodist Church. The two great branches 
 of Methodism are about evenly divided as to churches, 
 there being a score of each. The Southern Methodist 
 denomination is especially proud of two of its local in- 
 stitutions — its church newspaper, and the palatial Or- 
 phans' Home on Maryland Avenue, which was the gift 
 
CHURCHES OF ST. LOUIS. 1 29 
 
 of a wealthy member of the church. The Marvin camp- 
 grounds, owned by the Southern Methodist Church, 
 have formed the scene of many notable camp-meetings. 
 
 To the Baptist Church of Fee Fee, a suburb of St. 
 Louis, belongs the honor of being the oldest Protestant 
 church west of the Mississippi. St. Louis' sixteen 
 Baptist Churches have gained a reputation for their zeal 
 in missions and in educational advancement. The latter 
 may be due in part to the work of the editor of the 
 church newspaper which is published in St. Louis, since 
 he is regarded as one of the foremost scholars of the 
 Church. 
 
 Like the Baptist Churches, each of the twenty Con- 
 gregational and twelve Christian Churches has its own 
 local government. The Congregationalists entertained 
 in Pilgrim Church the convention of the American 
 Board in October, 1900. 
 
 Beside the German Catholic Churches, there are 
 many fine church buildings and parochial schools, as 
 well as two theological seminaries, supported by the 
 German Evangelical and the German Evangelical Lu- 
 theran churches respectively. 
 
 There are a dozen Jewish synagogues and temples in 
 the city, frequented by the followers of the Orthodox 
 and of the Reformed Hebrew faith. The two Unitarian 
 Churches and the Ethical Society have large congrega- 
 tions. A pastor has recently come to St. Louis to take 
 charge of the disciples of the Greek Church. There is 
 a place of worship also for the Syrians, who claim that 
 theirs is the language which was spoken by Jesus Christ. 
 
130 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Others, of varying opinions, have united themselves 
 into Swedenborgian, "non-sectarian." "self-culture," 
 and other congregations. There is a flourishing com- 
 pany of Latter Day Saints, a large congregation of 
 Christian Scientists, several spiritualistic societies which 
 irieet regularly, and a theosophical society that follows 
 the Socratic method of questions and answers, for the 
 furtherance of thought, on Sunday afternoons. In fact, 
 every sect and creed under the sun is represented in 
 St. Louis, either in piles of masonry that shelter wor- 
 shipers or in organizations for the propagation and dis- 
 semination of their various tenets and beliefs. 
 
 Among the Protestant denominations, the Young 
 Men's Christian Association is a valued auxiliary to all 
 religious endeavor. This organization has a handsome 
 building, equipped with gymnasium, drill rooms, facili- 
 ties for baths, reading rooms, roof garden, and numer- 
 ous other attractions. A large auditorium in the build- 
 ing is a rallying-place for the various young people's 
 societies of different denominations, and for interde- 
 nominational meetings, which are occasionally held. A 
 corps of instructors conduct night classes in a score or 
 more of studies of practical benefit, and no pains are 
 spared by the management of the Association to make 
 every department contributory to the advancement of 
 the best interests of young men. 
 
 The churches of St. Louis, apart from the spiritual 
 and moral advantages that they bestow, add greatly to 
 the beauty of the city. Indeed, scores of them are 
 numbered among the first specimens of architecture 
 
CHURCHES OF ST. LOUIS. 131 
 
 that grace St. Louis. Such, for instance, is St. Al- 
 phonsus' Church, on Grand Avenue between Finney 
 and Cook ; the Second Baptist Church, at Beaumont 
 and Locust Streets ; Christ Church Cathedral, at Thir- 
 teenth and Locust Streets ; the Centenary Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, at Sixteenth and Pine Streets; 
 Shaare-Emeth Temple, at Lindell Boulevard and Van- 
 deventer Avenue ; the Washington and Compton Ave- 
 nues Presbyterian Church ; the Cumberland Presby- 
 terian Church, at Channing and Lucas Avenues ; and 
 the Church of St. Francis Xavier, at Grand Avenue 
 and Lindell Boulevard. 
 
 St. Louis is eminently a church-going community. 
 This is manifested not only by the millions of dollars 
 represented in church property, but by the close atten- 
 tion and care shown on all sides for church affairs. 
 Tens of thousands of St. Louisans are members of the 
 various church auxiliary organizations. 
 
CLUBS AND 
 FRATERNITIES. 
 
 m 
 
 the woof and warp of Christian goodness, socia- 
 bility and fraternalism are among the strongest 
 strands. Many of St. Louis' felicities are woven 
 in the tinted threads of clubdom and social organiza- 
 tion. Its clubs are distinctively representative. Among 
 them are the following: St. Louis Club, 3633 Lindell 
 Boulevard ; University Club, Washington and Grand 
 Avenues ; Mercantile Club, Locust and Seventh Streets ; 
 Union Club, Lafayette and Jefferson Avenues; Bene- 
 volent and Protective Order of Elks, Holland Building ; 
 Concordia Club, 151 1 Chouteau Avenue; St. Louis 
 Jockey Club, Fair Grounds; Noonday Club, Fourth 
 ^nd Locust Streets ; the Columbian Club, Lindell 
 Boulevard and Vandeventer Avenue ; the Liederkranz, 
 Chouteau Avenue and Thirteenth Street ; Office Men's 
 Club, 3022 Olive Street; and the Standard Club. 
 
 The quarters of some of these clubs surpass the im- 
 agery of words. Magnificent palaces of comfort and 
 social pleasure, these superb buildings attract the eye 
 
 m2 
 
CLUBS AND FRATERNITIES. 1 33 
 
 from the outside, while their splendidly appointed in- 
 teriors charm the senses and enchant the vision. The 
 clubhouses of the St. Louis, University, Mercantile and 
 Columbian Clubs are among the finest in America. 
 Membership in each is guarded with jealous closeness, 
 and a card of admission to the club-room is deservedly 
 regarded as a badge of social eligibility. 
 
 Among the other clubs, not intended for exclusively 
 social purposes, the Jefferson and Merchants' League 
 Clubs are prominent — the latter, with quarters at 
 Eighteenth and Olive Streets, is the leading Republican 
 Club of the city ; while the former, whose domicile is 
 on Grand Avenue at the southwest corner of West Pine 
 Boulevard, is a representative Democratic organization. 
 
 One of the most influential organizations in St. Louis 
 is the Commercial Club, organized in 1881 for the 
 purpose of advancing the business interests of the city 
 through the agency of social and intellectual inter- 
 course. Its membership embraces the foremost finan- 
 ciers and commercial men of St. Louis. 
 
 An exclusively social institution whose members are 
 among the best " set " in the city, but whose domicile 
 is outside the municipal limits, is the Country Club. 
 Organized in 1895, it erected a magnificent clubhouse 
 on its spacious grounds one mile south of Clayton on 
 the West side of the Hanley Road. Two years later, 
 the club building was destroyed by fire and a new 
 house, one of the finest club structures in the West, was 
 erected in its place. The Country Club grounds are 
 periodically enlivened by out-door functions the ele- 
 
134 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 gance and sumptuousness of which are contributed to 
 by the most exclusive circles in the city. Since golf's 
 remarkable accession of American popularity, the 
 Country Club has won added note because of the excel- 
 lance of its grounds for the pursuit of that game. 
 
 A social organization the distinctive feature of which 
 is presented by the professional and business eminence 
 of its members, is the Noonday Club, organized in 1893 
 by less than a dozen gentlemen who sought for them- 
 selves and their associates a means of downtown diver- 
 sion during opportune intervals of the day. Its member- 
 ship has grown constantly since then and the club 
 quarters, on the tenth and eleventh floors of the Security 
 Building, are among the best appointed in the city. 
 Features of the Noonday Club are its exclusiveness and 
 its sumptuous cafe, the cuisine of which vies with the 
 finest hostelries in the world. 
 
 The St. Louis Clubhouse on Lindell Boulevard, cost- 
 ing more than a quarter of million dollars, is rated the 
 finest in the West. It is one of the most recent struc- 
 tures in the neighborhood. 
 
 The Union Club's quarters, erected on the site of 
 the handsome building wrecked by the tornado of 1896, 
 is even more attractive than its predecessor and is one 
 of the architectural ornaments of the city. 
 
 The home of the Columbian Club was built in 1893 
 at an expense of ^175,000. With the Standard Club, 
 its membership includes the leading Hebrew residents 
 of St. Louis. 
 
 One of the widest known of St. Louis' (organizations is 
 
CLUBS AND FRATERNITIES. I37 
 
 the Latin-American Club, composed of merchants who 
 are interested in Mexican, Central and South American 
 trade. The chief object of the club is to promote the 
 commercial relations between St. Louis and the Latin- 
 American republics. In its relatively brief career, the 
 club has already accomplished brilliant triumphs. Nu- 
 merous excursions to and from Mexico have been con- 
 ducted under the auspices of the club, which has an 
 educational department that distributes great quantities 
 of instructive literature relative to Latin-American affairs. 
 
 One of the strongest German clubs in the city is the 
 Liederkranz Society, organized in 1870 for the cultiva- 
 tion of music and for social entertainment. An organi- 
 zation with similar characteristics is the St. Louis Asso- 
 ciation of Painters and Sculptors, which gives annual 
 exhibitions. Many members of this association are 
 also members of the St. Louis Artists' Guild, which has 
 handsome quarters at 1820 Locust Street. 
 
 Every secret order or fraternity in the United States 
 is represented in St. Louis. The Masonic Fraternity, 
 including all branches, is especially strong. There are 
 25 lodges of Master Masons, 7 Royal Arch Chapters, 
 I Council Royal and Select Masters, 4 Commanderies 
 Knights Templars, Consistory, Council, Chapter and 
 Lodge Scottish Rite, Temple of Ancient Arabic Order, 
 Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and 6 chapters Order of the 
 Eastern Star. Several of the grand officers of each of 
 these branches of Masonry reside and have their head- 
 quarters here, and the Masonic Employment Bureau 
 does good work in a fine field. The Independent 
 
138 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Order of Odd Fellows is represented in St. Louis by 
 
 30 lodges, 2 Encampments, 3 Cantons Patriarchs Milli- 
 tant, a degree lodge, 4 Rebeckah Lodges, and several 
 associations, social and special within the order. There 
 are 34 lodges Knights of Pythias, 34 Divisions Uni- 
 formed Rank, and i Temple' Knights of Khorassan. 
 The headquarters of the Supreme body Knights of 
 Honor are in St. Louis, and there are 21 subordinate 
 lodges. Knights and Ladies of Honor, Grand Lodge 
 and 66 subordinate lodges. There are 15 castles 
 Select Knights and Ladies of America. The Legion of 
 Honor is represented by the Grand Lodge and 20 sub- 
 ordinate lodges ; Chosen Friends, Grand Council and 
 
 31 subordinate councils; National Fraternal Union, 3 
 councils; Protected Hom'e Circle, 8 circles; Foresters 
 of America, 8 courts; A. O. U. W., 65 lodges; 
 Honor Degree A. O. U. W. , 7 lodges ; Order of 
 Columbia, 5 lodges ; Order of Columbian Knights, 10 
 lodges; American Protestant Association, 10 lodges; 
 U. O. A. Druids, 12 groves; Harugari, 20 lodges; 
 Sons of Herman, 19 lodges; True League, 17 lodges; 
 Red Men, 3 tribes; Junior Order United American 
 Mechanics, 10 councils; American Legion of Honor, 
 14 councils; United Order of Hope, 14 lodges; 
 Woodmen of the World, 16 camps; National Union, 
 16 councils; B'nai Brith, 3 lodges; Free Sons of 
 Israel, 7 lodges ; Royal Arcanum, 25 lodges; Royal 
 League, 8 councils; Knights of the Maccabees, 27 tents; 
 Catholic Knights of America, ^6 branches ; Catholic 
 Knights and Ladies of America, 13 branches ; Knights 
 
CLUBS AND FRATERNITIES. 139 
 
 of Father Mathew, 22 councils; Ancient Order of 
 Hibernians, 9 divisions. Besides these, the Grand 
 Army of the Republic has 9 posts, with 9 corps W. R. 
 C. The Loyal Legion, Sons of Veterans and Daughters 
 of Veterans have strong organizations. The selection 
 of Col. Leo Rassieur for Grand Commander, brought 
 the national headquarters of the Grand Army to St. 
 Louis. Many other secret fraternities are represented 
 by one or more organizations. 
 
 Besides these are hundreds of labor organizations 
 and clubs and societies of persons given to special pur- 
 suits and indulgences, such as bicycle clubs, fishing 
 clubs, dramatic clubs, bowling clubs, athletic clubs, 
 electrical clubs, decorative art clubs, etc. 
 
 Among these miscellaneous organizations are the 
 Turners and Singing Societies, all with large member- 
 ship. The Turners are especially strong, all the so- 
 cieties owning fine buildings and gymnasiums. 
 
RECREATION 
 
 [fiiT|HILE St. Louisans have built a great city, with a 
 mkm foundation as solid as granite and have sent to 
 the uttermost corners of the earth a reputation 
 for integrity, enterprise and progress, second to that of 
 no other community under the sun, they have not been 
 unmindful of the maxim that "all work and no play 
 makes Jack a dull boy." Arts and letters have ever 
 found appreciative patronage in the Mound City. The 
 drama flourishes in St. Louis, and sports and recreation 
 have a large following. There are seven regular theatres 
 in St. Louis, and at these play houses are always pre- 
 sented the best entertainment in their respective lines. 
 The Olympic Theatre, on Broadway and Walnut Street, 
 and the Century, on Olive and Ninth Streets, are the 
 high-priced houses, and at them the very highest class 
 theatrical attractions are presented. These houses play 
 combinations and traveling companies headed by great 
 stars, usually direct from New York with original produc- 
 tions. There was a time when managers dreaded the 
 
 140 
 
RECREATION. I4I 
 
 severity of St. Louis criticism, but that very criticism 
 taught them a lesson they have found most valuable. 
 Through it the world was given warning that ' ' fake 
 shows," frauds and attractions sailing under false colors, 
 would not be accepted in St. Louis. Coupled with this 
 the dramatic world also learned that high-class plays and 
 players could always count on a warm welcome and 
 liberal patronage. "Understudies" and substitutes 
 learned to shun St. Louis, and in their stead stars of 
 the first magnitude and plays of merit draw large 
 crowds to the play houses and put money into the 
 managers' pockets. The Columbia Theater, on Sixth 
 and St. Charles Streets, is an exclusively vaudeville 
 house. Novelties of the season and the best enter- 
 tainers on the vaudeville stage are always to be found 
 there. The Imperial, at Tenth and Pine Streets, is a 
 stock company house, presenting the best plays at 
 popular prices. Many famous actors and actresses have 
 trod its boards in sock and buskin. At Havlin's, at the 
 corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets, melodrama by 
 traveling companies is presented ; and at the Grand 
 Opera House, on Market between Broadway and Sixth 
 Street, the lighter comedies and farces are offered. 
 Besides these regular theaters, light opera is presented 
 at Grand Music Hall in the Exposition Building, at 
 Olive and Thirteenth Streets. There are many other 
 smaller play houses, occupied by special features, ama- 
 teur companies, or as concert Halls; of these the more 
 important are the Odeon, at Grand and Finney Avenues, 
 
142 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 the Pickwick, at Wasliington and Jefferson Avenues, 
 and the Germania, at Fourteenth and Locust Streets. 
 The Union Club and all the turner halls have regularly 
 appointed stages with scenery and every requisite for 
 dramatic entertainments. 
 
 In the summer season there is even a wider range of 
 amusements offered at the garden theaters. Uhrig's 
 Cave, at Jefferson and Washington Avenues, is known 
 far beyond the limits of St. Louis as the home of comic 
 opera, and from its boards many of the most famous 
 comic opera singers of the world have graduated. Del- 
 mar Garden, in the central western suburbs. Forest Park 
 Highlands, in the southwestern section, and Suburban 
 Garden, in the northwestern, are great places of amuse- 
 ment, at which the very best of musical and dramatic 
 entertainment is offered. In the midsummer season it 
 is not unusual to see ten thousand people at each of 
 these resorts. All are reached by electric cars running 
 direct into the grounds. There are a dozen other 
 garden theaters in the northern and southern sections 
 of the city where stage performances are given. The 
 annual Exposition, now in its i8th year, occupies a 
 great structure occupying what was originally two city 
 blocks — fronting on OHve, Thirteenth, Fourteenth and 
 St. Charles Streets. The annual exhibitions for thirty 
 days are most diversified and entertaining. In the 
 building is the Grand Music Hall, one of the largest 
 halls of its kind in the world, with a seating capacity of 
 over three thousand. The grand Coliseum, with a 
 splendid arena and seating capacity for 12,000 people, 
 
RECREATION. I 43 
 
 is also under the same roof. In this great structure the 
 Annual Horse Show takes place, as well as great athletic 
 events. The annual Fair, an institution with a national 
 reputation, occupies a place in the amusement world 
 all its own. The great amphitheatre, the magnificent 
 park-like grounds, arena, speed rings, and buildings for 
 exhibits might well be classed together as one of the 
 wonders of the Western world. 
 
 The musical organizations of St. Louis are conducted 
 in a manner that has won them commendation at home 
 and abroad. The Choral Symphony Society, rich in 
 talent and most admirably managed, has a reputation 
 for splendid work, especially in oratorio. The Morn- 
 ing Choral, Apollo club and Lyric club number among 
 their membership men and women of social prominence 
 and artistic ability. The German singing societies, of 
 which the Liederkranz and the Socialen Saengerchor are 
 the more prominent, are strong in talent and member- 
 ship. Entertainments given by the Liederkranz are fre- 
 quently on a scale of magnificence almost dazzling. 
 
 As a patron of legitimate sport St. Louis stands second 
 to no other city in the United States. Golf, base ball, 
 foot ball and polo each have a very large following. 
 Amateur athletics are sustained by large memberships 
 in a dozen or more clubs, and most generously patron- 
 ized. The St. Louis Jockey Club's track, adjoining 
 the Fair Grounds, is one of the best running tracks in the 
 country. 
 
 Year by year the fame of the St. Louis Jockey Club has 
 grown, and the present racing season promises to be 
 
144 IN A NUlbHELL. 
 
 the most successful in its history. Every effort is made 
 to make the turf indeed the sport of kings, and the fair- 
 ness of the decisions given and the " cleanness " of the 
 sport afforded at the Jockey Club's track have won for 
 it a national reputation. 
 
 The fall of 1900 witnessed the inaugural race meet- 
 ing of the Kinloch Park Jockey Club, whose track is a 
 short ride west of the city on the Wabash Railway. The 
 gentlemen composing the club are St. Louisans, and the 
 fall race meetings at Kinloch park are certain to be- 
 come among the fixtures that make St. Louis famous 
 among the sportsmen of America. 
 
 The German Turners of St. Louis have, ever since 
 they first organized, taken an active and prominent 
 part in the progress of the community. For many years 
 St. Louis was the seat of the Executive Board of the 
 National Turners' organization (Nordamerikanischer 
 Turnerbund), to which it gave some leaders of national 
 renown, among them Henry Braun, E. G. Winter, Wm. 
 Ahrends, Carl Sommer, Professor Nathamenn and Al- 
 bert Haeseler, who filled the highest positions in the 
 "Bund." There are ten Turners' societies in St. 
 Louis, with an aggregate membership of 7000, not in- 
 cluding those smaller organizations in the surrounding 
 towns, which with the St. Louis societies form the St. 
 Louis District, by far the strongest in the "Bund." 
 The speaker of this powerful District is E. G. Winter, 
 member of the St. Louis and South St. Louis Turn- 
 vereins. The names of the organizations are as follows : 
 St. Louis Turnverein, Siid St. Louis Turnverein, Con- 
 
RECREATION. 1 45 
 
 cordiaTurnverein, Nord St. Louis Turnverein, Siidvvest 
 Turnverein, Germania Turnverein, Rockspring Turn- 
 verein, West St. Louis Turnverein, Humboldt Turn- 
 verein and Schweitzer National Turnverein. 
 
 Several of the national festivals have been held in St. 
 Louis, the last one in 1897, being the most successful 
 in the history of the organization. At these festivals 
 the St. Louis Turners invariably secured the first 
 prizes, individually and collectively, which proves that 
 their gymnastic training is high above the average. 
 
 
IHE officers of THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE 
 EXPOSITION COMPANY, the corporation 
 organized to create and conduct the World's 
 Fair, are: 
 
 President, - - David R. Francis, 
 
 Treasurer, - - William H. Thompson, 
 
 Secretary, - - Walter B. Stevens. 
 
 \_Headquarters ^ sixth and seventh floors Laclede Buildings 
 Southwest Cor. Fourth and Olive Streets.'\ 
 VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
 Corwin H. Spencer, Samuel M. Kennard, 
 
 Daniel M. Houser, Cyrus P. Walbridge, 
 
 Seth W. Cobb, Chas. H. Huttig, 
 
 August Gehner, Pierre Chouteau. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 D. M. Houser. W. B. Wells, 
 
 D. R. Francis, Charles F. Wenneker, 
 
 William H. Thompson, J. J. Wertheimer, 
 
 F. W. Lehmann, 
 James L. Blair, 
 Nathan Frank, 
 Pierre Chouteau, 
 C. W. Knapp, 
 John Schroers, 
 W. C. Steigers, 
 A. A. Allen, 
 
 Edwards Whitaker, 
 
 A. A. B. Woerheide, 
 W. H. Woodward, 
 George M. Wright, 
 
 B. F. Yoakum, 
 Norris B. Gregg, 
 W. T. Haarstick, 
 A. B. Hart, 
 
 146 
 
Officers Louisiana Pcrchase Exposition Co. 
 
 1. Pierre Chouteau. 
 
 2. Corwin H. Spencer. 
 
 3. Sam. M. Kennard. 
 
 4. Win, H. Thompson. 
 
 5. Walter B. Stevens. 
 
 6. David R. Francis. 
 
 7. Daniel M. Houser. 
 
 8. Seth W. Cobb. 
 
 9. Charles H. Huttig. 
 
 10. August Gehner. 
 
 11. Cyrus P. Walbridge. 
 
World's fair. 
 
 149 
 
 DIRECTORS CONTINUED. 
 
 George A. Baker, 
 Nicholas M. Bell, 
 C. F. Blanke, 
 W. F. Boyle, 
 A. D. Brown, 
 George W. Brown, 
 Paul Brown, 
 Adolphus Busch, 
 James G. Butler, 
 James Campbell, 
 Murray Carleton, 
 Seth W. Cobb, 
 James F. Coyle, 
 George T. Cram, 
 John D. Davis, 
 Alexander N. DeMenil, 
 S. M. Dodd, 
 L. D. Dozier, 
 Harrison I. Drummond, 
 R. B. Dula, 
 George L. Edwards, 
 Howard Elliott, 
 S. M. Felton, 
 A. H. Frederick, 
 August Gehner, 
 J. E. Smith, 
 C. H. Spencer, 
 Charles A. Stix, 
 R. H. Stockton, 
 J. J. Turner, 
 Charles H. Turner, 
 J. C. Van Blarcom, 
 Festus J. Wade, 
 C. P. Walbridge, 
 Julius S. Walsh, 
 C. G. Warner. 
 
 Walker Hill, 
 John A. Holmes, 
 C. H. Huttig, 
 Breckinridge Jones, 
 S. M. Kennard, 
 Goodman King, 
 W. J. Kinsella, 
 Doctor J. J. Lawrence, 
 W. H. Lee. 
 William J. Lemp, 
 Thomas H. McKittrick, 
 George A. Madill, 
 
 C. F. G. Meyer, 
 
 F. G. Niedringhaus. 
 W. F. Nolker, 
 
 D. C. Nugent, 
 Peter A. O'Neill, 
 Ed. S. Orr, 
 George W. Parker, 
 H. Clay Pierce, 
 Joseph Ramsey, Jr., 
 David Ranken, Jr., 
 Jonathan Rice, 
 Clark H. Sampson, 
 Julius J. Schotten, 
 Isaac Schwab, 
 
 R. M. Scruggs, 
 John Scullin, 
 A. L. Shapleigh, 
 
 E. C. Simmons, 
 J. W. McDonald, 
 Stuyvesant Fish, 
 H. W. Steinbiss, 
 Melville E. Ingalls, 
 Samuel Spencer. 
 
t^O IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 INCORPORATORS. 
 
 Moses C. Wetmore, H. T. Kent, 
 
 S. W. Fordyce. John H. Terry, 
 
 L. H. Laidley, W. S. Eames, 
 
 James Cox, L. C. Nelson, 
 
 Arthur Ittner, Isaac S. Taylor, 
 
 F. W. Baumhoff, Emil Preetorious, 
 
 James W. Bell, H. S. Potter, 
 
 Dean Cooper, Charles Clark, 
 
 F. N. Judson, Gerhard Geralds, 
 William H. Thompson, Charles Nagel, 
 
 Henry Hi'imenz, Jr., Charles F. Vogel, 
 
 Daniel Evans, Nathan Cole. 
 J. E. Marshall, 
 
 WHO THEY ARE. 
 
 David R. Francis, President of the Louisiana Purchase 
 Exposition Company, is the head of the firm of 
 Francis Bro. & Co. ; vice-president of the Mer- 
 chants-Laclede National Bank ; director of the 
 Mississippi Valley Trust Company, and connected 
 officially with or interested in many other great 
 financial and business concerns. Thoroughly 
 identified with the growth of St. Louis from boy- 
 hood, he is recognized as a leader in the city's so- 
 cial, business, and political life. Born in Rich- 
 mond, Ky , Oct. I, 1850; came to St. Louis when 
 only 1 6 ; graduated from Washington University in 
 1870; entered commercial life as a clerk; began 
 business for himself in 1877. He was vice-presi- 
 dent Merchants' Exchange in 1883, and president 
 in 1884. His popularity forced him into politics, 
 
WORLD S FAIR. 151 
 
 and he was elected Mayor of St. Louis in 1885; 
 elected Governor of Missouri in 1888; and served 
 as Secretary of the Interior during a portion of 
 President Cleveland's second term. Gov. Fran- 
 cis married in 1876 Miss Jennie Perry. 'I'hey 
 have six children, all boys. The family residence 
 on . Maryland Avenue is one of the handsomest 
 homes in the city. 
 
 \\'iLLiAM H. Thompson, Treasurer, is president of the 
 National Bank of Commerce, and officially con- 
 nected with half a hundred other financial and 
 business concerns. He is vice-president of the 
 Laclede Building Company ; treasurer of the 
 Odd-Fellows' Hall Company, an officer and one 
 of the organizers of the Commonwealth Realty 
 Company that built the Planters' Hotel. Though 
 a banker by profession, and recognized as a great 
 financier, he is or was a plumber by trade. He 
 was born in Huntington, Pa., Oct. 13, 1830; came 
 to St. Louis in 1853, and worked as a plumber. 
 Eleven years afterwards he established a factory 
 for the manufacture of lead pipe and sheet lead. 
 He organized the Missouri Lead and Oil Company 
 in 187 1, and was elected president of the Bank of 
 Commerce in 1883. He was formerly president 
 of the St. Louis Gas Company. Is thoroughly 
 identified with the financial and commercial 
 growth of the city. The family residence is on 
 Lindell Boulevard. 
 
 Walter B. Stevens, Secretary, was born at Meridian, 
 
152 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Conn., in July, 1848. His parents moved west 
 when he was five years old, and he grew up in 
 Peoria, 111. In 1866 he went to Ann Arbor and 
 entered the Michigan State University, from which 
 he graduated in 1870. Within ten days of his 
 graduation, when 22, he began his newspaper 
 work as a reporter on the St. Louis Times. In 
 188 1 he joined the staff of the St. Louis Globe- 
 Democrat, where in a short time he was made city 
 editor. Later he became traveling correspondent 
 for that paper, and in 1885 was made its Wash- 
 ington correspondent, which position he held 
 until called to the secretaryship of the Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition Company. While traveling 
 correspondent he wrote several series of articles 
 on -'Convict Camps and Penitentiaries in the 
 South," -'Black Labor in the South," "Among 
 the Mormons: Talks with Saints and Sinners," 
 and others. Among his classmates at Ann Arbor 
 were Wm. R. Day, late secretary of state, and 
 now United States Circuit judge ; Prof. Bernard 
 Morse, of the University of California, and now a 
 member of the PhiHppines Commission ; Alfred 
 Noble, member of the Government Isthmian 
 Canal Commission ; William L. Penfield, solicitor 
 for the Department of State at Washington ; and 
 Marcus Baker, United States Geographer of the 
 Geological Survey. 
 Daniel M. Houser, Vice-President, is the president of 
 The Globe Printing Company, publishers of the 
 
WORLD S FAIR. I 53 
 
 Globe-Democrat; director of the St. Louis Trust 
 Company, and interested in many other great fi- 
 nancial and business concerns. He has been a 
 prominent figure in public affairs, a power in na- 
 tional, state and city politics, and a leader in the 
 city's progress for almost half a century Inde- 
 fatigable as a worker, he has built up, in the Globe- 
 Democrat, one of the greatest newspapers in the 
 world. Mr. Houser was born in Washington 
 County, Maryland, December 23, 1834: family 
 moved to Missouri four years later, and came to 
 St. Louis in 1846. He was employed by the St. 
 Louis Union in 1851, remaining with the paper un- 
 til it merged with the Missouri Democrat ; became 
 book-keeper and business manager of the Demo- 
 crat. He was one of the founders of the Globe in 
 1872, that afterwards absorbed the Democrat. The 
 consolidated papers became the Globe-Democrat. 
 Mr. Houser became president of the Company in 
 1879, ^^^^ h^s directed the destinies of the great 
 paper ever since. Though a very wealthy man, 
 he works as many hours a day and as hard as any 
 one of his hundreds of employes. He can be met 
 at almost any hour of the day, and often as late as 
 midnight, in some part of the great Globe-Demo- 
 crat establishment giving personal directions, or 
 chatting genially with heads of departments or 
 workmen, for all his employes are his personal 
 friends. Mr. Houser has been twice married. 
 The family home is on West Pine Boulevard. 
 
154 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Cyrus P. Walbridge, Vice-President, is president of 
 the J. S. Merrell Drug Company. He has been 
 conspicuous in professional, business and offtcial 
 life for thirty years, for he has attained success as 
 a lawyer, a drug merchant and a politician. Born 
 at Madrid, New York, July 20, 1849 ; educated 
 at Carleton College in Minnesota ; took law course 
 at Ann Arbor ; began the practice of law in St. 
 Louis in 1870. Became legal adviser, in 1872, of 
 Jacob S. Merrell, then the city's leading drug 
 merchant. Married Miss Lizzie Merrell, and on 
 the death of his father-in-law became president 
 of the company, and later became president of the 
 Western Wholesale Druggists' Association. In 
 1 88 1 he was elected to the Municipal Assembly, 
 serving two terms in the House of Delegates. Was 
 elected president of the City Council in 1889, and 
 in 1893 was elected mayor. Mr. Walbridge is a 
 thoroughly progressive man, energetic, enthusiastic' 
 and one of the busiest men in town. The family 
 residence is in Westminster Place. 
 
 CoRwiN H. Spencer, Vice-President, is a capitalist, 
 whose name is identified with St. Louis' progress 
 and prosperity. He is first vice-president of the 
 Mercantile Trust Company, vice-president St. 
 Louis Transit Company, third vice-president Mer- 
 chants' and Manufacturers' Investment Company, 
 director of the Continental National Bank, St. Louis 
 Title Guarantee Company, Fort Scott and Memphis 
 Railroad, besides a number of smaller corpora- 
 
world's fair. 155 
 
 tions. Mr. Spencer was born in Morgan County, 
 Ohio, and began mercantile life as a clerk. After 
 a business college course in St. Louis, he be- 
 came connected with the grain commission house 
 of Harlow, Gelston & Co., and rapidly rose, 
 becoming a member of the firm in 1876, the firm 
 name being changed to Harlow, Spencer & Co. 
 The firm went out of business in 1882, but Mr. 
 Spencer remained identified with the grain com- 
 mission trade, and in 1889 organized the firm C. 
 H. Spencer & Co., which was incorporated a year 
 later as the C. H. Spencer Grain and Elevator 
 Company. July i, 1897, Mr. Spencer closed out 
 his active commercial interests, and became inter- 
 ested in street railways, becoming president of the 
 Southern Electric Road, and president of the 
 National Railway Company. When the street 
 railways in St. Louis were consolidated, Mr. 
 Spencer became, through his properties, interested 
 in the Transit Company and United Railways Com- 
 pany. He served one term as president of the 
 Merchants' Exchange ; served as chairman of the 
 St. Louis Traffic Bureau, and as vice-president of 
 the Business Men's League. He belongs to the 
 Noonday, Commercial, St. Louis, Log Cabin and 
 Country Clubs. In 1875 he married Miss. Mary E. 
 Harlow. His family residence is in Washington 
 Terrace. 
 Charles H. Huttig, Vice-President, is president of 
 the Third National Bank ; president of the Huttig 
 
156 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Sash and Door Company of St. Louis ; director 
 of the American Central Fire Insurance Company ; 
 director of the Mississippi Valley Trust Company ; 
 director of the St. Louis Safe Deposit and Savings 
 Bank, and financially interested in other large enter- 
 prises. Mr. Huttig was born in Muscatine, Iowa, 
 and received his early business training in the bank 
 of Cook, Musser & Co., in that city. Came to St. 
 Louis in 1885, and shortly after established the 
 Huttig Sash and Door Company. A man of pro- 
 gressive ideas, energetic and quick to think and act, 
 he has been a foremost figure in business and pub- 
 lic affairs almost from the day of his arrival in St. 
 Louis. He is a member of the Merchants' Ex- 
 change, and of the Mercantile, St. Louis and 
 Noonday Clubs. Served nearly five years as a 
 member of the Board of Education, and three 
 years as secretary of the Citizens' Smoke Abate- 
 ment Association. In 1892 he married Miss 
 Annie E. Musser of Muscatine, la. The family 
 residence is on Raymond Avenue. 
 Samuel M. Kennard, Vice-President, is president of the 
 J. Kennard & Sons Carpet Company ; president of 
 the Missouri Savings and Loan Company ; direc- 
 tor of the American Exchange Bank ; director of 
 the Mississippi Valley Trust Company : director of 
 the Kinloch Telephone Company ; director of the 
 St. Louis and Suburban Railway Company, and 
 largely interested in several real estate and other 
 corporations. He has been a resident of St. Louis 
 
World's Fair Directors. 
 
 1. W. C. Steigers. 5. John Schroers. 8. Joseph Ramsey, ,Jv 
 
 2. James Campbell. 6. Paul Brown. 9. Chas. \V. Knapp. 
 
 3. Ed. S. Orr. 7. Nathan Frank. 10. K. H. Stockton. 
 
 4. F. W. Lehman. 
 
world's fair. 159 
 
 since 1857, coming here with his parents from 
 Lexington, Kentucky, where he was born in 1842. 
 During his entire business life he has been con- 
 nected with the great business firm his father 
 founded in 1857. He served in the Confederate 
 Army, and at the close of the Civil War he became 
 a partner in his father's firm. On the death of 
 the senior Kennard the firm was incorporated, with 
 Samuel M. Kennard as president. He is a direc- 
 tor and was once president of the St. Louis Expo- 
 sition and Musical Hall Association. He is a 
 member of the Mercantile, St. Louis, Noonday 
 and Commercial Clubs. In 1867 he married Miss 
 Annie R. Maude, and has six children. The 
 magnificent home of the Kennards is in Portland 
 Place. 
 Seth W. Cobb, Vice-President, is the head of the grain 
 and commission firm of Cobb & Gardner, and has 
 for many years been a prominent figure in the 
 commercial life of St. Louis. He was born in 
 Southampton County, Va., December 5, 1838, 
 and at the beginning of the Civil War entered the 
 Confederate Army as orderly sergeant, rising to 
 the rank of major. Was a grocery clerk in Peters- 
 burg for a short time after the war, and then be- 
 came editor of the Petersburg, Va., Index. In 
 1867 he came to St. Louis, and after serving as 
 clerk with various firms began business on his own 
 account in 1875, and the firm with some changes 
 still exists. In 1889 he was elected to Congress 
 
l6o IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 from the Twelfth Missouri District and served 
 three terms. He was president of the Merchants' 
 Exchange when the Merchants' Bridge was pro- 
 jected, and became president of the company that 
 built the bridge. In 1876 he married Miss Zoe 
 Desloge. They have one daughter. The family 
 residence is in Westminster Place. 
 
 August Gehner, Vice-President, is head of the firm of 
 August Gehner & Co., real estate : president of the 
 German American Bank ; vice-president of the 
 German Insurance Company ; director of the Mis- 
 sissippi Valley Trust Company; one of the owners 
 of the Rialto Building, and actively connected with 
 a dozen other concerns. He was born in Hano- 
 ver, Germany, September 18, 1846, and came to 
 St. Louis when only thirteen years old. Entered 
 government employ when he attained man's estate, 
 serving under the United States Surveyor-Gen- 
 eral. In 1868 he established the firm of August 
 Gehner & Co., of which he is still the active head. 
 
 Pierre Chouteau, Vice-President, is a capitalist. He 
 is the eldest son of Charles Pierre Chouteau, and 
 the family history is a part of the history of St. 
 Louis. He was born in St. Louis in 1849, but was 
 educated abroad, principally at the Royal School 
 of Arts, Mines and Manufactures in Liege, Bel- 
 gium. He adopted the profession of engineering, 
 but followed it only a short time, the control of the 
 family estates calling for all his time and attention. 
 
world's fair. i6i 
 
 STANDING COMMITTEES. 
 Executive. — President D. R. Francis, Chairman; W. H. 
 Thompson, Howard Elliott, C. W. Knapp, Nathan Frank, 
 C.G. Warner, Murray Carleton, John Scullin, L. D. Dozier, 
 
 A. L. Shapleigh, James Campbell, Breckinridge Jones. 
 Press and Publicity. — R. H. Stockton, Chairman; D. M. 
 
 Houser, C. W. Knapp, Nathan Frank, John Schroers, W. 
 
 B. Stevens, W. C. Steigers. 
 
 Ways AND Means. — F.J. Wade, Chairman; T. H. McKittrick, 
 
 Jonathan Rice, R. B. Dula, W. J. Kinsella, D. C. Nugent, 
 
 E. S. Orr, Geo. M. Wright, C. F. Wenneker. 
 Transportation. — Julius S. Walsh, Chairmaii; Jos. Ramsey, 
 
 Jr., B. F. Yoakum, S. M. Felton, C. H. Turner, A. A. 
 
 Allen, Geo. W. Parker. 
 Finance. — Geo. A. Madill, Chairman; W. H. Lee, Geo. A. 
 
 Baker, Edwards Whittaker, Walker Hill, W. H.Thompson, 
 
 ex-officio. 
 Grounds and Buildings.— W. H. Thompson, Chairtnan; 
 
 S. M. Kennard, W. F. Nolker, P. A. O'Neil, H. W. Stein- 
 
 biss, W. B. Wells, Jno. A. Holmes 
 Concessions. — Geo. L. Edwards, Chairman; J. J. Wertheimer, 
 
 W. B. Wells, J. J. Turner, C. F. Blanke. 
 Insurance. — Geo. T. Cram, Chairman; R. M. Scruggs, 
 
 A. D. Brown. 
 Foreign Relations.— Adolphus Busch, Chairman; W. F. 
 
 Boyle, W. T. Haarstick, John D. Davis, M. E. Ingalls, 
 
 D. C. Nugent, J. C. Van Blarcom. 
 Supplies. — Norris B. Gregg, Chairman; James F. Coyle, Vice 
 
 Chairman; J. J. Schotten, J. E. Smith, Charles A. Stix, 
 
 J. W. McDonald, R. M. Scruggs. 
 Sanitation. — C. P. Walbridge, Chair/nan; Alex. N. De Menil, 
 Vice Chairman; A. D. Brown, Dr. J. J. Lawrence, C. F. 
 
 G. Meyer. 
 Police. — Harrison I. Drummond, Chairman; H. C. Turner, 
 Vice Chairfnan; J. J. Wertheimer, W. C. Steigers, J. G. 
 
 Butler. 
 
l62 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 Ceremonies. — C. H. Spencer, Chairman; W. H. Lee, Vice- 
 Chairman ; J. G. Butler, J. C, Van Blarcom L. D. Dozier, 
 C P. Walbridge, James L. Blair. 
 
 Legislation. — Daniel M. Houser, Chairman ; W. C. Steigers, 
 Vice Chair?nan ; Nicholas M. Bell, George W. Parker, F. 
 G. Niedringhaus, James Campbell, Seth W. Cobb. 
 
 Agriculture. — Paul Brown, Chairjnan; Festus J. Wade, Vice 
 Chairman; Nicholas M. Bell, Julius S. Walsh, David 
 Ranken, Jr., Wm. J. Lemp, John Scullin. 
 
 Mines and Mining. — W. J. Kinsella, Chairman; John D. 
 Davis, Vice Chair7nan ; David Ranken, Jr., C. F. G. 
 Meyer, Isaac Schwab. 
 
 State and Territorial Exhibits.— C. H. Huttig, Chairtnan; 
 Edward S. Orr, Vice Chairman; A. H. Frederick, B. F. 
 Yoakum. J. J. Schotten, J. W. McDonald, Clark H. Samp- 
 son. 
 
 Manufactures and Machinery.— George Warren Brown, 
 Chairman ; S. M. Felton, Vice Chairman; Wm. H. Wood- 
 ward, F. G. Niedringhaus, James F. Coyle, Jonathan Rice, 
 Goodman King. 
 
 Electricity and Electrical Appliances.— J. E. Smith» 
 Chairman; Joseph Ramsey, Jr., Vice Chairman; Clark 
 H. Sampson, August Gehner, Charles A. Stix. A. A. Allen, 
 S. M. Dodd. 
 
 Fish and Fisheries. — Seth W. Cobb, Chairman; A. B. Hart, 
 Vice Chairman; H. Clay Pierce, J. C. Van Blarcom, George 
 M. Wright, Harrison I. Drummond, C. G. Warner. 
 
 Ethnology and Anthropology. — F. W. Lehmann, Chair- 
 man; Goodman King, Vice Chairman ; Walker Hill, Ed- 
 wards Whittaker, Isaac Schwab, A. A. B. Woerheide, C. F. 
 Blanke. 
 
 Education. — John Schroers, Chairman; R. B. Dula, Vice 
 Chairman ; A. A. B. Woerheide, A. L. Shapleigh, Wm. H. 
 Woodward, George W. Parker, George A. Madill. 
 
 Historical. — Pierre Chouteau, Chairman; Alex. N. De Menil, 
 Vice Chairman; A. B. Hart, Wm. J. Lemp, Wm. H. 
 Woodward, W. T. Haarstick, George T. Cram. 
 
world's fair. 16.3 
 
 NATIONAL COMMISSIONERS. 
 Hon. Thomas H. Carter of Montana, President. 
 Hon. Martin H. Glynn of New York, Vice-President. 
 Hon. John M. Allen of Mississippi. 
 Hon. George M. McBride of Oregon. 
 Hon. William Lindsay of Kentucky. 
 Hon. John M. Thurston of Nebraska. 
 Frederick A. Betts of Connecticut. 
 Philip D. Scott of Arkansas. 
 John F. Miller of Indiana. 
 
 NATIONAL COMMISSION COMMITTEES. 
 Judiciary — Lindsay, McBride and Thurston. 
 Executive — Carter, ex officio member; Miller, Betts, Scott 
 and Allen. 
 
 Arbitration — Thurston and Allen. 
 
 Plan and Scope — McBride, Betts, Mills, Lindsay and Glynn. 
 Hon. Joseph Flory of St. Louis is secretary of the National 
 Commission. 
 
 \_Headqtiarters ^ Soiithe7-n Hotel.~\ 
 
 
^^^sSd^^l^^^^^J^tjli^^^JS^r^Sj 
 
 WORLD'S FAIR 
 LOCATION. 
 
 nHE western half of Forest Park and territory ad- 
 jacent thereto, selected as the site of the great 
 Exposition commemorative of the centennial of 
 the Louisiana Purchase, is considered an ideal location 
 in every respect. The combined wisdom, experience 
 and foresight of men identified with the progress and 
 prosperity of the community, selected the Forest Park 
 site after most careful deliberation and mature consid- 
 eration ; and their choice was unanimously approved 
 by the National Commission. The location is so easy 
 of access from all directions that it might almost be 
 considered in the heart of the city. From the Union 
 Station it is only twenty minutes ride by electric car, 
 and less than half an hour allows ample time to reach 
 the location from either of the big down-town hotels or 
 from the business center. The system of transfers in 
 operation will land a passenger by trolley car on the 
 grounds from the extreme limits of the city in any di- 
 rection for one fare — five cents. 
 
 164 
 
world's fair location. 165 
 
 Forest Park, the western half of which will be occu- 
 pied by the Fair, is in the central western part of the 
 city. A line due west from the postofifice, the court 
 house. Union Station, City Hall, Four Courts, or either 
 of the present large down-town hotels, will strike an en- 
 trance to the park. It is the second largest city park 
 in the United States, Fairmount Park in Philadelphia 
 alone exceeding it in size. The exact area is 1371.94 
 acres. The eastern half is splendidly cultivated and 
 artistically arranged to the limit of the landscape gar- 
 dener's skill and talent. The western half is as nature 
 made it — almost primeval forest. This portion of the 
 park includes 668 acres. Take a map of the city, 
 and, beginning at a point on the southern edge of 
 Forest Park, about midway between Euclid Avenue 
 and the Skinker road, trace a Hne northward across the 
 park to a point on " The Concourse," directly west of 
 the pagoda, keeping Mirror lake and the music stand 
 to the east, and the big lake to the west; thence north- 
 westwardly to and following the Wabash Railroad to its 
 intersection with Delmar Boulevard ; thence west along 
 Delmar Boulevard to Skinker Road ; south along 
 Skinker Road to the northern line of the park ; west 
 again 2500 feet; south again to a point directly west 
 of the southern boundary of the park ; thence in a 
 straight line east to the point of beginning. Within 
 the figure thus described lies the World's Fair site. 
 The total area is 1028 acres. 
 
 The "jog " or notch at the northwest corner of the 
 site is made necessary by the location of the magnifi- 
 
l66 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 cent new buildings of Washington University, now in 
 course of construction. The University will overlook 
 the western part of the Fair. There is, however, no 
 obstacle, either legal or physical, to extending the Fair 
 site area almost indefinitely on the west, north or south. 
 Because of the natural condition in which the western 
 half of Forest Park has been kept it has come to be 
 known as " The Wilderness." Over the entire stretch 
 tall, stately shade trees grow luxuriantly. A single 
 driveway, an extension of the Concourse, penetrates 
 this portion, climbing hills and winding around ridges 
 until the level plateau is reached, and then penetrating 
 almost to the western boundary of the park. The 
 eastern portion for perhaps one-third of the distance to 
 the western line of the park is hilly. There is a suc- 
 cession of three or four of these hills, none of them 
 very high and all with gentle slopes. From the Catlin 
 tract on the north and near the Skinker Road on the 
 west, the river Des Peres enters the park and coils and 
 winds about down to the eastern Hmit of the park site 
 and thence into the improved portion of the park. No 
 less than six small tributaries enter it as it journeys to 
 the eastward before reaching the boundary of the Fair 
 grounds. The largest lake in Forest Park is included 
 in the Fair site. Its most eastern limit and that of 
 the site itself are practically identical. Just to the 
 west of the lake is the large track and hippodrome of 
 the Gentlemen's Driving Club, the diagonal line drawn 
 in a northwesterly direction in tracing the boundaries 
 of the site almost touching the grand stand. Close by 
 

 World's Fair Directors. 
 
 1. D. C. Nugent. 
 
 2. J. C. Van Blarcom. 
 
 3. Murray Curleton. 
 
 4. Festus J. Wade. 
 
 f\. Xorris B. Gregg, 
 ti. Dr. J. J. Lawrence. 
 7. A. L. Shapleigh. 
 
 A. D. Brown. 
 Jonathan Rice. 
 J. J. Schotten. 
 
world's fair location. 169 
 
 are the smoothly-surfaced lawn tennis courts. All of 
 these of course will be wiped out at almost the first 
 stroke of World's Fair work in the park. 
 
 The land outside the park included in the area as 
 now laid out is hilly on the west, and unimproved. 
 On the north it is perfectly level and has been platted 
 for residence purposes. A portion of it, known as the 
 Catlin tract, is classed as among the highest-priced 
 residence ground in the city. On the south the land 
 is high, and a portion of it is improved. 
 
 The existing facihties of approach to the Fair site 
 render the problem of transportation, always a serious 
 one in affairs of this kind, easier of solution than is 
 generally the case with enterprises of so vast a nature. 
 Forest Park is the western terminus of practically all the 
 east and west street railway lines of St. Louis. Inside 
 of the park there are now three street railway stations. 
 In addition five steam railways run in close proximity. 
 The Laclede Avenue and Market Street electric lines 
 terminate at a paviHon at the eastern limits of the park, 
 and the Olive Street line at the northeast corner. The 
 Delmar Avenue line enters a pavilion on De Baliviere 
 Avenue, inside the site. The Transit Company's 
 Clayton line runs on Skinker Road, the western limit 
 of the park, and included in the Fair grounds. All of 
 these lines have .their eastern termini in the center of 
 the downtown business district of the city. A line of 
 the Suburban Railway crosses from the north on Union 
 Boulevard and forms a loop inside of the park. For 
 all of the lines not actually entering the Fair grounds. 
 
lyo IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 possibilities of extension are offered. At Forsythe 
 Junction, one block north of the park, and included in 
 the contemplated limits, is a station of the Wabash and 
 Colorado railroads. The Missouri Pacific, Frisco and 
 Iron Mountain lines enter the city a few blocks south 
 of Clayton Road. Between their tracks and the Fair 
 grounds the land is such as to make the construction of 
 switches and extensions an easy matter. The proposed 
 belt line contemplates the location of a station inside of 
 the grounds. 
 
 For drivers, bicyclists and patrons of automobiles the 
 grounds are of easy access. The approaches on all 
 sides are thoroughfares of the very finest of street 
 paving construction. Lindell Boulevard, on the north 
 limit of the park, is nationally famous as a drive- 
 way. Delmar, McPherson and Maryland Avenues, ap- 
 proaching from the east, all are splendidly paved, 
 beautiful residence streets. Union Boulevard and 
 Goodfellow and Hamilton Avenues, which extend to 
 the grounds from the north, are popular for driving and 
 wheeling purposes. Skinker Road, on the west, and 
 others of the adjacent county roads are macadamized 
 and always are in the best of condition. 
 
 Forest Park is the undisputed property of the city of 
 St. Louis, the municipal park board having assumed 
 charge in 1874. The adjoining properties whose use 
 is contemplated will be leased from the owners, or se- 
 cured through condemnation proceedings, for which 
 careful provision has been made by law. 
 
 The use of the park portion of the site was made 
 
WORLD S FAIR LOCATION. 1)1 
 
 possible by the passage of an ordinance by the Munici- 
 pal Assembly. When suggestions for sites were called 
 for, seven locations for the fair were suggested. All 
 these had their ardent advocates ; but when the Forest 
 Park site selection was announced all sectional or fac- 
 tional feeling faded, and, with that spirit of civic pride 
 that is characteristic of St. Louisans, everybody ap- 
 proved. What little opposition was shown by people 
 whose love for Forest Park prompted them to protest 
 against the destruction of any of its attractions, disap- 
 peared when it was made plain that the eastern half of 
 the park would be preserved, and that the Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition Company was obligated to set 
 aside an ample fund for the complete restoration of the 
 park immediately after the close of the great Expo- 
 sition. 
 
 ^^^•■^^^ 
 
CHRONOLOGY OF THE -« 
 f EXPOSITION. 
 
 m 
 
 JITH a World's Fair assured on a scale of mag- 
 nificance never before attempted, in which the 
 Nation, the City of St. Louis as a corporation, 
 and the people of St. Louis are equal factors, the story 
 of how and why the great project was commenced and 
 brought to full fruition is replete with interest for all the 
 world. It is now an accepted fact that the nations of 
 the earth will assemble in St. Louis in 1903 to join in 
 the celebration of the centennial of the purchase by the 
 United States of that vast area known as the Louisiana 
 Territory. 
 
 Fifteen million dollars have been subscribed for 
 stock in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company — 
 five million by the United States Government, five mil- 
 lion by the City of St. Louis, and five million by popu- 
 lar subscription. The State of Missouri has appro- 
 priated one million dollars to be expended in making 
 a fitting exhibit of the State's resources. Other States 
 have made or will make similar provision for a like 
 
 172 
 
CHRONOLOGY OF THE EXPOSITION, I 73 
 
 purpose. The Government has appointed a board of 
 commissioners to act in an advisory capacity and guard 
 the Government's interest. The Louisiana Purchase 
 Exposition Company has perfected organization and got 
 the work under such splendid progress, directed by men 
 of such energy, that there is every reason to feel assured 
 that the gates of the great exposition will be thrown open 
 on time. 
 
 In the spring of 1897 the Missouri Historical Society 
 and the press began the agitation of a plan to celebrate 
 the one hundredth anniversary of the acquisition of the 
 " Louisiana Purchase " by the United States, and the 
 citizens of the States within the Territory were invited 
 to make suggestions bearing on the celebration. 
 
 In September, 1898, the Missouri Historical Society 
 appointed a committee of fifty to decide upon the man- 
 ner of holding the celebration, and the committee, in 
 turn, appointed a committee of ten to consider the 
 various methods proposed and to suggest the best and 
 most practicable. 
 
 November 26, 1898 — The committee of ten reported 
 to the committee of fifty, advocating a celebration by 
 all the States in the Purchase, and the committee of 
 fifty approved the recommendation. It was forwarded 
 to Gov. Lon V. Stephens, with a recommendation that 
 a convention of representatives of the Louisiana Pur- 
 chase States be called for St. Louis, to decide upon 
 the place of holding such celebration. 
 
 December 13, 1898 — Gov. Stephens issued a call for 
 a convention in St. Louis for January 10, 1899. 
 
174 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 January lo, 1899 — Representatives of all the Louis- 
 iana Purchase States met in St. Louis at the Southern 
 Hotel, and decided that a World's Fair would best 
 commemorate the event, and that it should be held in 
 St. Louis in 1903. 
 
 January 11, 1899 — An executive committee was ap- 
 pointed, with former Gov. David R. Francis as chair- 
 man, and a committee of fifty was named to carry out 
 the World's Fair idea. 
 
 February 11, 1899 — The general committee was 
 raised to two hundred and organized, with Pierre 
 Chouteau as chairman and Jas. Cox as secretary. 
 Finance and legislative committees were appointed, 
 with Wm. H. Thompson and Frederick W. Lehmann 
 as chairmen, respectively. 
 
 February 25, 1899 — The Senators and Representa- 
 tives of the States of the Louisiana Purchase were ten- 
 dered a banquet at Washington by members of the 
 general committee. 
 
 April 23, 1899 — A citizens' mass-meeting was held 
 at Music Hall, and ^4,244,670 was subscribed toward 
 the $5,000,000 fund which St. Louis was pledged to 
 raise. 
 
 April 27, 1900 — Hearing at Washington, D. C, of 
 the World's Fair plan by the special committee of 
 Congress, members of the executive committee, and 
 representatives from most of the Purchase States ap- 
 pearing in its behalf. 
 
 June 4, 1900 — Passage by Congress of the Sundry 
 Civil Appropriation Bill carrying an amendment pledg- 
 
CHRONOLOGY OF THE EXPOSITION. I 75 
 
 ing the National Government's support of the World's 
 Fair project, together with an appropriation of $5,000,- 
 000, conditioned on the raising of $5,000,000 by pop- 
 ular subscription, and the appropriation of $5,000,000 
 by the City of St. Louis. 
 
 January 12, 1901 — Popular subscription of $5,000,- 
 000 by citizens of St. Louis completed and certificate 
 to that effect prepared for submission to authorities at 
 Washington. 
 
 January 25, 1901 — Certificate of the fulfilment of 
 St. Louis' obligation presented to special committee of 
 Congress, and Tawney bill read. 
 
 March 4, 1901 — Appropriation finally made by 
 United States Senate after some opposition, and the 
 national government became a stockholder in the 
 World's Fair enterprise, without a vote, to the extent 
 of $5,000,000. 
 
 March 30, 1901 — Appointment by President Mc- 
 Kinley of the national World's Fair Commission, with 
 instructions to the same to meet within thirty days 
 after the passage of the World's Fair bill. 
 
 April 23, 1901 — The national commission met at the 
 Southern Hotel, in St. Louis. The World's Fair com- 
 pany was incorporated, under the name " Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition Company," with a capital stock 
 of $6,000,000. A banquet was given by the Business 
 Men's League of St. Louis at the Planters' Hotel to 
 the national commission and members of Congress who 
 were foremost in effecting the passage of the bill. 
 
 April 24, 1 90 1 — The national commission met at 
 
176 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 the Southern Hotel and organized, with ex-Senator 
 Thomas H. Carter as president, ex-Congressman Mar- 
 tin H. Glynn as vice-president, and Mr. Jos. Flory of 
 St. Louis, secretary. 
 
 May 3, 190 1 — Meeting of the directors and election 
 of the following officers of the Louisiana Purchase Ex- 
 position : 
 
 President, David R. Francis; treasurer, Wm. H. 
 Thompson; secretary, Walter B. Stevens; vice-presi- 
 dents, Corwin H. Spencer, Samuel M. Kennard, Dan- 
 iel M. Houser, Cyrus P. Walbridge, Seth W. Cobb, 
 Chas. H. Huttig, August Gehner and Pierre Chouteau. 
 The president, treasurer and eight vice-presidents were 
 appointed as a committee on organization to report at 
 the next meeting recommendations on number and 
 formation of standing committees : draft of by-laws of in- 
 corporation ; suitable offices for temporary headquarters 
 of incorporation ; director general ; general counsel for 
 corporation. 
 
 May 9, 1 90 1 — The Committee on organization re- 
 ported. By-laws were adopted and Mr. Jas. L. Blair, 
 recommended by the committee as counsel general, 
 was elected unanimously. 
 
 May 10, 1 90 1 — Municipal Assembly passed ordi- 
 nance authorizing the use of city parks for the World's 
 Fair if desired by the organization. 
 
 May 28, 1 90 1 — Nine Standing Committees of the 
 company appointed, as follows: Executive; Press and 
 Publicity ; Ways and Means ; Transportation ; Finance ; 
 Grounds and Buildings ; Concessions ; Insurance ; For- 
 eign Relations, 
 
CHRONOLOGY OF THE EXPOSITION. 1 77 
 
 May 29, 30, 31, June, i, 1 901 — Seven proposed 
 sites inspected by Executive Committee. 
 
 June 4, 5, 6, 1 90 1 — Executive Committee listened 
 to arguments of advocates of the seven proposed sites. 
 
 June 8 to 23, 1901 — Daily meetings of Executive 
 Committee to consider proposed sites, the problem of 
 transportation facilities for materials for building and 
 for exhibits proving a difficult one. Meetings also of 
 Press and Publicity Committee, at which methods of 
 advertising the Fair, and applications for positions were 
 considered. 
 
 June 24, 1 90 1 — Executive Committee decided on 
 the Forest Park, but did not announce decision. 
 
 June 25, 1 90 1 — Meeting of Board of Directors at 
 which selection of Forest Park site was announced and 
 unanimously approved. 
 
 June 26, 1901 — Meeting of National Commissioners. 
 Forest Park visited. 
 
 June 27, 28, 1901 — National Commissioners ap- 
 proved the site selection, and formulated a declaration 
 of the legal responsibilities, duties and rights of the 
 Commission. 
 
 June 30, 1 90 1— Officers, Members of the Executive 
 Committee and prominent citizens went to Pan-Ameri- 
 can Exposition, Buffalo. 
 
 July 2, 1 90 1 — Dedication of Louisiana Purchase 
 Building at Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo. 
 
r LOUISIANA PURCHASE. %] 
 
 |HE acquisition of the territory of Louisiana from 
 France in 1803 may be regarded, from several 
 points of view, as the most important event in 
 the whole history of the United States. It added 
 1,171,931 square miles to the United States — a terri- 
 tory greater by 300,000 square miles than the entire 
 domain of the nation as it then existed. The thirteen 
 States and two territories which have since been carved 
 out of the Purchase have, by the census of 1900, a 
 population of 17.777,081, or nearly one-fourth of the 
 population of the United States. Missouri, the fifth 
 State in the Union, is in the Louisiana territory, as is 
 also Texas, the sixth. As the crowning glory of the 
 vast reaches of mining, agricultural and grazing lands 
 embodied in the old Louisiana territory there have 
 arisen great cities — St. Louis, the fourth city in the 
 United States; San Antonio, one of the oldest towns in 
 the country ; the twin cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, 
 centers of the summer resort region and the inland lakes ; 
 
World's Fair Directors. 
 
 1. Howard Elliott. 5. W. .J. Kinsella. 8. J. J. Wertheinier. 
 
 2. A<lolphus Busch. (>. C. F. G. Merer. 9. A. A. IJ. Woerheide. 
 H. Clark H. Sampson. 7. Walker Hill. 10. C. F. Blanke. 
 
 i. James F. Covle. 
 
fUE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. I§I 
 
 Hot Springs, whither people go by the thousands to re- 
 gain their health ; New Orleans, with its Mardi Gras, 
 its opera and its whirl of gay society ; Denver, the 
 Mecca of all who seek a tonic of ozone ; rapidly growing 
 Omaha; and the five towns, Dubuque, Des Moines, 
 Davenport, Burlington and Council Bluffs, in that State 
 of Iowa which calls itself proudly the " State of large 
 towns and no cities." Great navigable rivers — the 
 Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande, the Arkan- 
 sas, the Red, the White, the Platte, and the Iowa — sweep 
 through the Louisiana territory to their ultimate outlet 
 in the Gulf of Mexico. Pike's Peak, and a large por- 
 tion of the Rockies, kings among the mountains of the 
 earth, are within old Louisiana's borders, and here also 
 is the Yellowstone National Park, set apart by the 
 United States government as a place of sight-seeing 
 for all future generations. But greater than all this is 
 the fact that the purchase of the Louisiana territory, and 
 the opportunities for development that it afforded, for- 
 ever prevented the nation of the United States from 
 being merely a province, a small portion of land set 
 down on the Western Continent between the Mississippi 
 River and the Atlantic Ocean, with opposing powers on 
 every side except the east. Instead of this narrow fu- 
 ture there was secured for the youthful nation a vast 
 extent of possession which should be bounded, in the 
 words of the enthusiastic statesman, " on the east by 
 the Atlantic, on the west by the Pacific, on the south 
 by the Gulf of Mexico, and on the north by the Day 
 of Judgment." 
 
182 In A NUTSHELL. 
 
 The treaty by which the United States purchased 
 the territory of Louisiana from France bore the date 
 of April 30, 1803. That territory has since been 
 divided into thirteen States and two territories. The 
 States — the number identical, by an odd coincidence, 
 with the thirteen original States which formed the 
 Union — are Louisiana. Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, 
 Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, 
 Kansas, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming and a part 
 of Texas. The two territories are Oklahoma and the 
 Indian Territory. The fact that only a part of Texas 
 was contained in the Purchase was the reason why 
 an invitation to the Governor of Texas was omitted 
 in the preliminaries incident to the Louisiana Purchase 
 Conference in January, 1899. Nevertheless, the Gov- 
 ernor of Texas excused the oversight, and was a mem- 
 ber of that body. 
 
 Although it was early in the history of the United 
 States as a nation that Louisiana became a part of its 
 possessions, the territory of Louisiana had been named 
 and was known to the civilized world more than a cen- 
 tury before the year 1803. La Salle, sailing down the 
 Mississippi in 1682, bestowed upon all the unknown 
 region west of that river the name of Louisiana, in 
 honor of his sovereign, Louis XIV., King of France. 
 The far-reaching limits of this magnificent and fertile 
 territory became better known in the next century ; and 
 as the island of New Orleans was soon colonized and 
 grew to be the depot of supplies for the entire region, 
 that small portion of land east of the Mississippi became 
 
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. 183 
 
 naturally a part of Louisiana, although all the rest of 
 the territory was west of the river. 
 
 Louisiana was claimed by France until 1762, when 
 the treaty of Fontainebleau transferred it from France 
 to Spain, to repay Spain for losses suffered in the 
 French and Indian War. The people of Louisiana — 
 for by that time the territory, especially New Orleans, 
 had been settled by many traders and planters — ob- 
 jected to this transfer, protesting so strongly that it was 
 not until 1769 that Spain actually took possession. 
 From that time forward it was the hope of the French 
 to recover this splendid territory for their own. The 
 Americans — by which name the citizens of the United 
 States were called even at that early period — were, on 
 the other hand, better satisfied that Spain should pos- 
 sess Louisiana than that this extensive territory should 
 be owned by France. In case any jealousy or enmity 
 should arise, the Americans argued that Spain would 
 be a more sluggish adversary than France. The situa- 
 tion, from the American standpoint, was expressed in 
 the words of Montesquieu, afterward quoted by Robert 
 R. Livingston, United States minister to France: "It 
 is happy for trading powers that God permitted Turks 
 and Spaniards to be in the world, since they are of all 
 nations the most proper to possess a great empire with 
 insignificance." 
 
 The people of the present generation, or even of the 
 preceding generation, can with difftculty appreciate the 
 importance of the Mississippi River in the year 1800. 
 Railroads were unknown, neither were there any good 
 
184 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 wagon roads west of the State of Pennsylvania. One 
 who wished to go, for instance, from Nashville, Tenn., 
 to New York, must ride in a flatboat — for steamboats 
 were not yet invented — down the Cumberland river to 
 the Ohio, down the Ohio to the Mississippi and on to 
 the mouth of that river, then by sailing vessel out on 
 the Gulf and along the Atlantic coast. It was the only 
 means of travel. For commerce the rivers were an ab- 
 solute necessity, and the Mississippi outranked all other 
 rivers. Madison said of it: "It is the Hudson, the 
 Delaware, the Potomac, and all the navigable rivers of 
 the Atlantic States formed into one stream." 
 
 New Orleans was the key to the Mississippi River. 
 Without it as a depot the western products could not 
 be taken to a market and western commerce was 
 paralyzed. Therefore, when Morales, Intendant of New 
 Orleans, on October 16, 1802, arbitrarily suspended the 
 right of deposit at New Orleans to all "foreigners," 
 his act excited the greatest indignation among the peo- 
 ple of the United States. 
 
 It was supposed by American statesmen that this de- 
 cree came from Spain, but that it was dictated by France, 
 for by this time there was a strong suspicion in the 
 minds of Americans that France had succeeded in her 
 cherished desire of regaining Louisiana from Spain. As 
 far as Morales' decree was concerned, the light of sub- 
 sequent history shows that the decree was his own 
 officious act, sanctioned neither by Spain nor France. 
 Nevertheless, France had actually secured possession 
 of Louisiana by the secret treaty of St. Ildefonso on 
 
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. 1 85 
 
 October i, 1800. Napoleon, with his wondrous power 
 over men, had accomplished this by an empty promise 
 of giving to the Spanish King's son-in-law the kingdom 
 of Tuscany, yet he was afraid to let his triumph be 
 made known, lest England with her great navy should 
 prevent French occupation of Louisiana. It was im- 
 possible for Napoleon to send troops to Louisiana at 
 once because of the rebellion against France in St. 
 Domingo, where brigade after brigade was brought low 
 by tropical fever as rapidly as they could be transported. 
 
 In the meantime Rufus King, U. S. Minister in Lon- 
 don, had sent Jefferson positive proof that Louisiana 
 now belonged to France (November 20, 1801), and the 
 President had dispatched Robert R. Livingston as 
 minister to France. The excitement in America w^as 
 intense. The Westeners went so far as to say that if 
 Congress and the president could not secure for them 
 the right of deposit at New Orleans and the free navi- 
 gation of the Mississippi they would form a separate 
 government of their own. James Ross, of Pennsylvania, 
 made an impassioned speech in the Senate counselling 
 strong measures. " Plant yourselves on the rivers," he 
 said, "fortify the banks, invite those who have an in- 
 terest at stake to defend it. When in possession you 
 will negotiate with more advantage." 
 
 Mr. Livingston arrived in Paris, in December, 1801, 
 and for the next twelve months consumed his energies 
 in what seemed fruitless measures — first, to learn the 
 truth about the retrocession from Spain to France, and, 
 second, to make some terms with France. This was 
 
l86 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 slow work. On September i, 1802, Livingston wrote 
 to Madison, Jefferson's Secretary of State: "There 
 never was a government in which less could be done 
 by negotiation than here. There are no people, no 
 legislators, no counsellors. One man is everything. 
 His ministers are mere clerks, and his legislators and 
 counsellors parade officers." 
 
 Rumors were current that Napoleon intended to plant 
 an army in Louisiana. First it was Gen. Gollet, a dis- 
 graced French officer, who was to be sent v/ith a great 
 company of disaffected and exiled English, Scotch and 
 Irishmen. Then a reputed Frenchman named Francis 
 Tatergem appeared on the scene, pretending that he 
 had great friendship with the Creek Indians, that they 
 hated Americans and loved the French, and that he 
 could raise an army in Louisiana of 20,000 Indian 
 warriors. These reports were received in America with 
 varied emotions. Perhaps the most sensible, albeit the 
 mildest view, was that taken by Senator Jackson, of 
 Georgia, who said: " Should Bonaparte send an army 
 of 40,000 men here and should they not be destroyed 
 by our troops, they would within twenty years become 
 Americans and join our arms. No other people can 
 long exist in the vicinity of those of the United States 
 without intermixing and ultimately joining with them." 
 
 With all the web of mystery which Napoleon wove 
 around himself, however, he was nevertheless seriously 
 considering the advances made on behalf of the United 
 States. Livingston had been aided in France by Dupont 
 de Nemours, a Frenchman, who was a friend of both 
 
National Commissioners, World's Fair. 
 1. Hon. Thomas H. Carter, President. 
 
 2. Hon. G. W. McBride. 5. Hon. F. A. Betts. 8. Hon. John F, Miller 
 
 3. Hon. Wm. Lindsay. 
 i. Hon. M. H. Glynn. 
 
 Hon. P. D. Scott. 
 Hon. John M. Allen. 
 
 9. Hon. J. M. Thurston. 
 10. Joseph Flory, Secretary. 
 
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. 1 89 
 
 Jefferson and Bonaparte, and pressure was brought to 
 bear also from Spain through Charles Pinckney, U. S. 
 Minister at Madrid. Some of Napoleon's advisers 
 urged, moreover, that since restoration of slavery had 
 brought about a rebellion in St. Domingo, its existence 
 as an institution in Louisiana might also breed trouble 
 for the French. But the fear of England was a more 
 powerful argument than any other. Jefferson did not 
 hesitate openly to threaten that if the French occupied 
 Louisiana, the United States would form an alliance 
 with England. "From that moment," he said, "we 
 must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation." 
 On January ii, 1803, President Jefferson nominated 
 James Monroe as a special minister to France to assist 
 Livingston and Pinckney, as the commission stated, 
 ' ' in enlarging and more effectually securing our rights 
 and interests in the river Mississippi and in the territory 
 eastward thereof." At first, it will be seen, the Presi- 
 dent did not contemplate the purchase of the vast ter- 
 ritory of Louisiana. He desired New Orleans and the 
 Floridas, if he could get them, and for these posses- 
 sions Monroe was instructed that he might pay a sum 
 not to exceed $10,000,000. Monroe sailed March 8, 
 1803, and arrived in Paris April 7. After all, Living- 
 ston and Pinckney might have performed the work un- 
 aided, for Monroe found ripened fruit ready for the 
 gathering. Napoleon was as anxious to sell Louisiana 
 as the United States was to buy New Orleans, and 
 there only remained a little haggling over terms, and 
 the consent of the United States to take Louisiana along 
 
190 IN A NUTSHELL. 
 
 with New Orleans. The Floridas were impossible at 
 that time, as when the truth was known it was found 
 that France did not own them. 
 
 Monroe was presented to Napoleon April 16, 1803, 
 and negotiations were immediately opened between the 
 two countries. It was agreed to include in the pur- 
 chase price the claims of certain American citizens for 
 indemnity against France, amounting to $3,750,000. 
 The sum agreed upon for the territory itself was $11,- 
 250,000, making a total of $15,000,000. The treaty 
 was signed May 2, and the copies in English were 
 made out so that they were all done about May 8 or 9, 
 but the date of the treaty was fixed at April 30, as this 
 was the actual time of the agreement between the min- 
 isters. 
 
 When the treaty was concluded there was a general 
 handshaking among the ministers. Both sides were 
 pleased with the transaction. Livingston said: "We 
 have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our 
 lives ;" and Napoleon declared: "This accession of 
 territory strengthens forever the power of the United 
 States. I have just given to England a maritime rival 
 that will sooner or later humble her pride." Gayarre, 
 a distinguished historian who died a few years ago, 
 spoke of the treaty as ' ' the most important ever signed 
 in the nineteenth century, if it be judged by its conse- 
 quences to the United States and to the rest of the 
 world." 
 
 The United States Senate ratified the treaty October 
 19. 1803, ^i^d the ratifications of the two countries 
 
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. I9I 
 
 were exchanged October 21. Jefferson signed the 
 document on November 10, and on December 20, 
 1803, the Spanish Governor of Louisiana peacefully 
 surrendered the province to Laussat, a commissioner 
 appointed by Napoleon, who immediately passed it 
 over to the government of the United States — a little 
 less than eight months after the signing of the treaty. 
 
 Thus came to a conclusion that great event in his- 
 tory, the looth anniversary of which is to be celebrated 
 in St. Louis in 1903 with the Louisiana Purchase World's 
 Fair. 
 
THE STORYOr A m^^ 
 
 Began the shoe business J 8 years ago. 
 Sold $560,000.00 the first six months. 
 That acorn became an oak. 
 Sells $3,000,000.00 annually to-day. 
 140,000,000 feet have worn 
 Wertheimer-Swarts Shoe Co.*s shoes. 
 Our motto, "Strict Adherence to the 
 Golden Rule.** Consideration of customers 
 rights has been the secret of our success. 
 Manufactures daily over 5000 pairs of th, 
 famous ** Clover Brand ** Shoes in St. Louis. 
 Sells shoes in the United States of 
 America, Mexico and Alaska. 
 Sales show tremendous gains. This ever- 
 increasing business represents the endeavor 
 for ** Shoes with a Reputation.** 
 
 ty eriheimer- S waris 
 
 SHOE CO. 
 
 ST. LOUIS. U.S.A. 
 
 A^iii 
 
 >^'.^ 
 
 % 
 
 w. 
 
The Third National Bank of St. Louis 
 
 CAPITAL, $r,000,000. 
 
 J' 
 
 OFFICERS: ' 
 
 CHAS. H. HUTTIG, President. 
 
 W. B. WELLS, Vice-President. 
 GEO. W. GALBREATH, Cashier. 
 JOHN R.COOKE, Ass't Cashier. 
 
 Directors. 
 
 GEO. 
 
 T. CRAM. 
 
 Pres't American Central Fire Ins. Co. 
 JNO. N. DRUMMOND. Capitalist. 
 JNO. S. DUNHAM, Prest Dunham Mfg.Co. 
 H.F. KNIGHT. 
 
 Treas A. G. Edwards 8c Sons Brokerage Co. 
 J. B. M. KEHLOR Kehlor Bros. Millers. 
 EDW S. ORR. 
 
 Gen I Agent B. & O. S. W. R. R. Co. 
 G. W. GALBREATH. Cashier. 
 THOS. WRIGHT. Capitalist. 
 C. H. HUTTIG. President. 
 W. B. WELLS, Vice-President. 
 J. R. COOKE, Ass t Cashier. 
 
 CONDENSED STATEMENT OF 
 
 RESOURCES. 
 
 Loans and Discounts $8,121,660..S8 
 
 U. S. Bonds & Preminms. 1,730,41.5 50 
 Other Stocks and Bonds . . 870,689.79 
 
 Banking House 200,000.00 
 
 Other Real Hstate 10,500.00 
 
 Cash and Exchange 6.146,403.40 
 
 $17,079,619.07 
 
 CONDITION APRIL 24, 1901. 
 I>IABIL1TIES. 
 
 Capital Stock $1,000,000.00 
 
 Surplus and Undivided 
 
 Profits .386,895.83 
 
 Circulation 996,500.00 
 
 Subscription to Increase 
 
 of Capital Stock 855,695.00 
 
 Deposits 13.841,028.24 
 
 $17,079,619.07 
 
 Lincoln Trust Company, 
 
 SEVENTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS. 
 
 Transacts General Trust and Banking Business. 
 
 tl INTEREST 
 
 on Savings Deposits. 
 
 on Regular Check Accounts. 
 
 SAFE II 
 
 POSIT 
 XES, 
 
 ^IT OO PE** ANNUM 
 ^O.^^ AND UPWARDS. 
 
W. H. LEE. President. GEO. E. HOFFMAN, Cashier. 
 
 D. R. FRANCIS, Vice-Pres't. R. T. STURGEON, Ass't Cashier. 
 
 A, L. SHAPLEIGH, 2d Vice-Pres't. D. A. PHILLIPS. 2d Ass't Cashier. 
 
 The Merchants-Laclede 
 National Bank 
 
 ST. LOUIS, 
 
 CAPITAL, . $1,400,000.00 
 
 SURPLUS and UNDIVIDED PROFITS, 450,000.00 
 
 Fiscal Agent for the State of Missouri 
 United States Depository. 
 
 Interest Paid on Time Certificates of Deposit. 
 Letters of Credit Issued Available in All Parts of the World. 
 
Continental National Bank 
 
 OF ST. LOUIS. 
 
 OF=f=ICERS. 
 
 GEO. A. TlAKEK, President. Jos. M. Hates, Vice-President. 
 
 F. E. Marshall, Cashier. Geo. W. Parker, 2nd Vice-Pres t. 
 
 J. A. Lewls, Assistant Cashier. 
 
 Capita] 81.000.000.00 
 
 Nnrplus and mdivided Profits. 500.000. «iO 
 
 Cirotilallon. , . . . . 1.000.000.00 
 
 Deposits, 11,000.000.00 
 
 We solicit accounts of individuals, banks, bankers, nnanufacturers and nner- 
 cantile houses to whonn terms in detail will be furnished on application. 
 
 CIREOTORS. 
 
 H. A. CRAWFORD, Prest Mo. Iron Co. 
 GEO W. PARKER, Capitalist. 
 L. B. TEBBET5, 
 
 Mansur&Tebbetts Imp.Co. 
 B. ESEMAN, Rice, Stix Dry Goods Co. 
 M. M BUCK, Capitalist. 
 
 C H. SPENCER. Capitalist. 
 W.M.J. ORTHWEIN, 
 
 Chas. F. Orthwein's Sons. 
 H. S. PRIEST, 
 
 Attorney, Boyle, Priest & Lehman. 
 A. H. BAUER, Bauer Bros. 
 
 JOS. M. HAYES, Jos. M. Hayes Woolen Co. , GEO. A. BAKER, President. 
 
 East St. Louis Trust Company, 
 
 21 NORTH MAIN STRHILT. 
 
 PAID UP CAF^ITTAL, $500,000 
 
 M. M. Stephens, President. 
 
 S. D. Sexton, Vice-President. 
 
 W. K. Murphy, Second Vice President. 
 Charles R. Hissrich, Treasurer. 
 Nat. C. McLean, Secretary. 
 
 YOUR PATRONAGE SOLICITED. 
 
AMERICAN EXCHANGE BANK 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 CAPITAL, FULL PAID, - $500,000.00 
 
 SURPLUS, ... 400,000.00 
 
 UNDIVIDED PROFITS, - 66,865.47 
 
 ©fKcers. 
 
 Walker Hill, President. 
 
 Ephron Catltx, Vice-President. 
 
 L. A. Battaile, Cashier. 
 
 Emison Chanslor, AssH Cashier. 
 
 Directors. 
 
 Paul Brown, Director Continental Tobacco Co. 
 
 A. H. Duncan, Vice-Pres't Paris Medicine Co. 
 
 Sam M. Kennard, Pres't J. Kennard & Sons Carpet Company 
 
 A. T. Kellet, Retired Merchant. 
 
 H. F. Langenberg, of Langenberg, Bros. & Co. 
 
 Geo. J. Kaime. 
 
 J. B. C. Lucas, Capitalist. 
 
 Jas. y. LOCKWOOD, Treas. Interstate Car Transfer Co. 
 
 Geo. a. Meyer, Pres't 3Ieyer-Schmid Grocer Co. 
 
 F. R. Rice, Pres't F. R. Rice Mercantile Cigar Co. 
 
 L. A. Battaile, Cashier. 
 
 Epiiron Catlin, Vice President. 
 
 Walker Hill, President. 
 
 ANY PROFITABLE BUSINESS SOLICITED. 
 
THE MECHANICS' NATIONAL BANK 
 
 OF ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Capital, $1,000,000.00 Surplus, $500,000.00 
 
 R. R. HUTCHINSON, President. 
 D. K. FERGUSON, Vice-President. 
 B. B. GRAHAM, 
 CHAS. O. AUSTIN, Cashier. 
 EDWARD BUDER, Asst. Cashier. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 (UTCHINSON D, K. FERGUSON ISAAC SCHWAB 
 
 n. HUBBARD MORRIS GLASER B. B. GRAHAM 
 
 HENRY NICOLAUS CHAS. H. TURNER C. G. KNOX 
 
 W. J. KINSELLA JAMES T. DRUMMOND JAMES GREEN 
 
 CHAS. O. AUSTIN 
 
 WE SOLICIT ACCOUNTS OF ALL NEEDING BANKING FACILITIES. 
 
 te$#$$$$$$$$$$$$$$##$$$#$$$sr 
 
 
 
 T£2I|I 
 
 WE HAVE MADE CLAIMS OF 
 SUPERIOR MERIT FOR THE 
 
 Java and ^ 
 
 <» 
 «> 
 ^ 
 * 
 <» 
 -» 
 <» 
 ^ 
 ^ 
 
 n CCr l\ Mocha ^ 
 
 COFFEE. S 
 
 <» 
 
 YOU WILL FIND THAT OUR 
 CLAIMS ARE MODEST WHEN 
 YOU BUY AN AIR-TIGHT CAN 
 
 3 POUNDS, ONE DOLLAR. 
 
 «$$$$$$$$$$$##$$$$$$$$$$$$^ 
 
Belding 
 Bros. 
 
 Co.'s 
 Spool 
 Sewing 
 SilR 
 
 Is universally 
 used and recom- 
 mended by all 
 High -class Dress- 
 makersand forfine 
 family sewing. It 
 is STRONGER, 
 SMOOTHER and 
 FULL MEASURE, 
 and in Every Way 
 meets theWants of 
 the Consumer. 
 
 BE.LDING BROS. & CO.'S 
 Wash Crochet Knitting SilK 
 
 Is universally used and recommended by Knitters and Crocheters on 
 
 account of its" superior Smoothness, Brilliancy of Dye, its FULL MEASURE 
 
 and Fast Color, as it washes beautifully. 
 
 BE,LDING BROS. <S CO.'S 
 "NE,W PROCESS" WASH SILKS== 
 
 FiLO, Royal, Hoxitox, Dresden and other qualities of Wash Silks are 
 now used universally and preferred by all lovers of Art Needle Work. All 
 persons using Belding's "New Process'' Wash Silks will tind all the shades 
 true to nature and to wash perfectly. In fact, the silks will be brighter 
 after washing than before. Artists and Teachers say that they are the only 
 silks that hold their color and look brighter after washing than* before. 
 
 Ask your merchant for BELDING'S HIGH-CLASS ART LINEN. They 
 are offering a very choice selection of designs for this season. 
 
 Coyle 6 Sargent, Agts., 
 
 1121 = 1123 WASHINGTON AVE., ST. LOUIS. 
 
Beethoven Conservatory of Music. 
 
 ONE OF THE OLDEST AND BEST KNOWN 
 MUSICAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 KSXABLISHED 1871. 
 West End Branch, Odeon Building, Cor. Grand and Finney Aves. 
 
 Jill S^ ranches of Siiusic Uaught. 
 
 Send for Catalogue to 
 
 THE BROTHERS EPSTEIN, Directors, 
 
 23d and Locust Streets, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Columbia Excursion Co-'^ 
 
 RIVER OUTINGS. 
 
 Steamers Leave Daily at 9,30 A.M. and 7.30 P.M. 
 SUNDAY EXCURSIONS, 
 
 Leave 9.30 A.M. and 2.30 P.M. 
 
 Round Trip, 50 Miles, - - - 25 Cents. 
 
C. p. WALBRIDGE, President. ED. BINDSCHADLER, Secretary. 
 
 H. S. MERRELL, Vice-President. GEO. R. MERRELL, Treasurer. 
 
 Established 1845. Incorporated 
 
 J. S. Merrell Drug Co. 
 
 WHOLESALE DEUGGISTiS, 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. 
 
AND IRON 
 
 MOUNTAIN 
 
 ROUTE 
 
 ^sT.". GREAT SOUTHWEST SYSTEM 
 
 Connecting the Commercial Centers 
 
 and Rich Farms of.... IVII5S0URI. 
 
 The Broad Wheat and Corn Fields and 
 Thriving Towns of KANSAS, 
 
 The Fertile River Valleys and Trade 
 
 Centers of NEBRASKA. 
 
 The Grand Picturesque and Enchanting 
 Scenery and the Famous M ining 
 
 D^^i<=*°^ COLORADO. 
 
 The Agricultural, Fruit, Mineral and 
 Timber Lands and Famous 
 
 ^°* Springs of ARKANSAS. 
 
 For description and Illustrated Pamphlets, 
 C.S.WARNER. RUSSELL 
 
 2nd V.-P. 3d V -P. & 
 
 The Beautiful Rollmg Prairies and 
 
 Woodlands of the.. INDIAN TER. 
 The Sugar Plantations of 
 
 jz ,^ ji LOUISIANA. 
 
 The Cotton and Grain Fields, the Cattle 
 
 Ranges and Winter Resorts of T^XAS 
 Historical and Scenic QLD SIICl 
 
 ^ ^ ^ NEW MEXICO. 
 
 And Forms with Its Connections 
 the Popular Winter 
 
 R°^teto ARIZONA and 
 
 ^ jt ^ CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Land Folders, etc. address Company's Agents. 
 HARDING. H. C. TOWNSEND. 
 
 Gen. Mgr. G. P. & T. A. 
 
 A Genuine LEHIGH Anthracite Coal 
 
 Cross * Creek * Lehigh 
 
 REMARKABLE FOR ITS 
 
 Purity^ Durahility , Small Percentage of Ash 
 ^ ^ and Freedom from Clinker ^ ^ 
 
 Logwood, DeCamp 6t Co. 
 
 COAL AND COKE. 
 
 Offices: 712-721 Union Trust Building, Telephones ] ^f^,;^^''^ ^f^ 
 Yard: 3812 Manchester Avenue, Telephones ]^,l^;J;l''''^\^^'' 
 
EDWARDS WHITAKER. H. B. COLLINS. 
 
 WHITAKER & COMPANY, 
 Bond and Stock Brokers. 
 
 CIRCULAR QUOTING LOCAL SECURITIES 
 MAILED ON APPLICATION. 
 
 300 NORTH FOURTH ST., ST. LOUIS. 
 
Strassberger's Conservatory of Music 
 
 2200 ST. LOUIS AVENUE" 
 
 Southwest Branch, S.W. Cor. Cleveland and Grand Aves., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 OPEN IN ALL ITS 
 
 BRANCHES, WITH 28 
 
 COMPETENT TEACHERS 
 
 Acknowledged as ihe 
 most complete and best 
 Music School in the West. 
 
 TERMS LIBERAL, 
 
 DIPLOMAS AWARDED, 
 
 CATALOGUES FREE 
 
 Sole agency of the Celebrated 
 
 C. G. Conn Solo, Band and Orchestra 
 
 Instruments. 
 
 TWF" 
 
 ^Q#W»""5»^ 
 
 MAKE IT THE 
 
 DRESSMAKERS 
 FAVORITE 
 
 O 
 
ANHEUSER-BUSCH 
 BREWING ASSOCIATION 
 
 Holds the World's Record 
 
 For Output and Quality. 
 
 THEIR FAMOUS BRANDS: 
 
 * 
 
 The Original Budweiscf 
 Faust 
 
 Black and Tan 
 Anheuscr Standard 
 Pale Lager 
 
 ARE USED BY THE CIVILIZED PEOPLE 
 
 AT ALL POINTS OF THE GLOBE. 
 
PREPARED TROPICAL PALMS 
 AND ARTISTIC FLORAL DECORATIONS, 
 
 phones: 
 bell, ma!n 566 a. 
 kinloch, c 1336. 
 
 Ostertag 
 Bros., 
 
 Florists 
 
 Washington and 
 Jefferson Aves.. 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 MO. 
 
 LINDELL HOTEL 
 
 NEWLY RENOVATED THROUGHOUT. 
 
 With Spacious Rooms and Elegant 
 Furnishings. 
 
ALWAYS DRINK 
 
 
 The only American Beer served at the 
 U. S. Pavilion, Paris Exposition. 
 
 *** 
 
 Lemp's Extra Pale 
 
 Served by the Official Caterers of the 
 Pan=American Exposition, 
 
 BAILEY CATERING CO. 
 
TERMINAL HOTEL, 
 
 UNION STATION. ST. LOUIS. Rates, $1 and Upwards 
 Rooms Reserved by Telegraph. European Plan. 
 
 This Hotel has no equal in the U. S. for comfort, convenience, cleanliness and rates. 
 
 "THE NUTSHELL" 
 
 Fails to mention as one of the 
 most important in the FIVE 
 HUNDRED FACTS about 
 St. Louis, that FISHER & CO., 
 714 Chestnut street, sell Dwell- 
 ings, Vacant Lots, Investment 
 and Business Property cheaper 
 than anyone else can, and gives 
 one to one thousand years' time 
 on the purchase money, interest 
 at 5 per cent. 
 
 t 
 t 
 t 
 
BUY AND SELL ON COMMISSION LOCAL 
 
 SECURITIES. ALSO LISTED AND 
 
 UNLISTED SECURITIES IN ALL 
 
 PRINCIPAL MARKETS. 
 
 Francis, ^Jro. & \^o. 
 
 2J4 NORTH FOURTH STREET, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Government, Steam and 
 
 Street Slailway S^onds. 
 
 MEMBERS 
 
 NEW YORK, ST. LOUIS AND CHICAGO 
 
 STOCK EXCHANGES. 
 
MOrFITT-WE,ST 'D'RX/G COMTAJ^y 
 
 REAL ESTATE AND FINANCIAL AGENTS. 
 
 825 CHESTNUT STREET. 
 
 TnoxKS ^ "^^i" 2576. 
 
 LOANS MADE 
 
 RENTS COLLECTED 
 
 SALES NEGOTIATED. 
 
 We handle Investment Properties 
 
 and liigh=Class Residence Properties, 
 
 PAUL JONES & CO., 
 REAL ESTATE AND FINANCIAL AGENTS. 
 
Half the Riding Public use 
 
 ^'Banner Buggies.' 
 
 The other half ought to, 
 
 And would if they could only realize what they an 
 missing. 
 
 Examine, inspect at your first opportunity, the 
 
 -EASIEST RIDING, 
 MEDIUM PRICED, 
 LIGHT VEHICLE, 
 
 now before the trade. 
 
 THEjANNER BUGGY COMPANY. 
 R. E. GARDNER. 
 St. Louis, Missouri. 
 
Mr. Jacob Mahler's 
 
 CLASSENS IN DANCINO, 
 
 3545 Olive Street. 
 
 OPENS ** CLOSES 
 
 OCTOBER FIRST. APRIL FIFTEENTH. 
 
 IF YOU EAT 
 
 CANDY 
 
 TRY 
 
 Ulcnneker's 
 
 Prize IDedal Chocolate Creams 
 
 GUARANTEED 
 ABSOLUTELY PURE. 
 
 FOR SALE BY FIRST-CLASS DEALERS ONLY. 
 
Detmar ^ 
 
 Gar den J^ 
 
 Delmar Boulevard, Melville and Adelaide 
 Avenues. 
 
 Forty Acres of Magnificent Ground, 
 Replete with Natural Beauty and 
 Embellished with the Latest Amuse- 
 ment Devices at an Outlay of over 
 One Hundred and Twenty -five 
 Thousand Uollars. 
 
 Uhe Great Shot&f 
 "Place of St, Loiii^: 
 
 strictly modern Opera Stage enclosed by a 
 
 pavilion comfortably seating four thousand 
 
 spectators. 
 
 Steeple Chase annually carries three hundred 
 
 thousand lovers of spirited and wholesome 
 
 sport. 
 
 Midway contains more amusing and 
 
 instructive novelties than any other similar 
 
 resox't in the United States. 
 
 The Cottage is in charge of the most 
 
 accomplished and popular Caterer in the 
 
 Mississippi Valley: Refreshments and 
 
 Cuisine unexcelled. 
 
 DELMAR AMUSEMENT COMPANY, 
 
 JOHN C. JANNOPOULO, President. 
 
Blankets Faust Blend Coffee 
 
 has achieved fame 
 
 greater than any other Coffee on the 
 
 market* This is due only to its 
 
 superior drinking quality* There is 
 
 no other coffee that has such 
 
 universal indorsement* 
 
 If you wish the very best to be had, insist upon your 
 gffocer giving: YOu FAUST BLEND, put up by C. F, 
 Blanke Tea and Coffee Co., Promoters of High-Grade 
 Coffees and Proprietors of the most complete coffee plant 
 in the United States, sr. louis, new york, Chicago. Kansas city. 
 
 STOCKS ?r":-:-" GRAIN 
 
 CELLA 
 
 Commission Company 
 
 BUY AND SELL FOR CASH OR MARGIN. 
 
 200 N. FOURTH STREET, ST. LOUIS, MO. 
 
 PAID UP CAPITAL. $50,000.00. 
 
 Being the Best Equipped Wire House West of the 
 Mississippi Enables Us to Render You 
 
 COTTON 
 
 Ts, Ben. «.„,ne| PROVISIONS! 
 
NEW SUBURBAN GARDEN 
 
 A FAMILY RESORT. 
 
 NEW MANAGEMENT. NEW POLICY. 
 
 IMPROVED AND ENLARGED. 
 
 NEW CAFE AND RESTAURANT. 
 
 LOUIS CAESAR, PROPRIETOR. 
 
 Meais furnished at all times on short notice. Careful attention 
 given to fannily and social parties. 
 
 NEW ELECTRIC FOUNTAIN. 
 
 HIGH-GRADE VAUDEVILLE IN THEATRE. 
 
 Matinee Free. Reserved Seats 10 Cents. 
 
 Nights, 10, 25 and 35 Cents. 
 
 Seats Reserved, 1118 Olive Street. 
 
 ADMISSION TO PARK FREE. ALL CAR LINES. 
 
 The New Ferguson Extension of the St. Louis and 
 Suburban Railway now in Operation. 
 
 Cars leave Suburban Garden every thirty nninutes — at fifteen and forty- 
 five minutes after the hour. 
 
UH RIG'S CAVE 
 
 Of 
 
 Corner of Washington and Jefferson Aves. 
 
 The SU3IMER Season or 1901 Opened on SUNDAY, JUNE 2nd, 
 
 WITH THE^M^^I^^^F 
 
 B MAUDE LILLIAN ^^^ 
 errT 
 OPERA CO. ^*^ 
 
 Presenting High-class LIGHT and COMIC OPERA every even- 
 ing at 8:30. Saturday Matinee at 2:30. 
 
 T^ JO j_ on sale at A. A. Aal Cloak Co., 
 
 Keserveo oeats I'^^-^^f-S'., and at ostenag 
 
 Bros., Flonsts, Washington and 
 Jefferson Avenues. 
 
 Forest Park Highlands. 
 
 MOST BEAUTIFUL AL FRESCO PARK IN THE WORLD. 
 ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR LADIES AND CHILDREN. 
 LARGEST PAVILION IN AMERICA. 
 FINEST STAGE IN ANY SUMMER GARDEN. 
 LARGEST AND FINEST EQUIPPED SCENIC RAILWAY 
 
 ON THE GLOBE. 
 M03T ATTRACTIVE WIRE MAZE-ENTIRELY NEW. 
 IMMENSE COVERED WALKS. NO EXPOSURE TO RAIN. 
 HIGHEST-CLASS VAUDEVILLE IN HOPKINS' PAVILION 
 TWO PERFORMANCES DAILY. RAIN OR SHINE. 
 BAND CONCERTS AFTERNOONS AND EVENINGS. 
 ADMISSION TO GROUNDS FREE. 
 
 Gars Direct to Forest Park Highlands: 
 
 LACLEDE : Route— Over Chestnut Street, Laclede Ave. and Euclid Ave. 
 CHOUTEAU: Route— Over Washiui,'ton Ave., 1-lth Street and Chouteau Ave. 
 EUCLID : Route— Over Taylor and Euclid Aves. 
 
 ALL OTHER LINES IN THE CITY TRANSFER TO THESE DIRECT LINES. 
 
Columbia Theatre, 
 
 SIXTH AND ST. CHARLES STREETS. 
 
 COLUMBIA THEATRE CO.. Owners. 
 GEORGE MIDDLETON, Pres't. FRANK R. TATE, Sec'y and Treas. 
 
 DKVOTE^D TO 
 
 ..,HIGH-CLASS>,. 
 CONTINUOUS VAUDEVILLE 
 
 •^* t^^ «^* v^ 
 
 ENTIRE CHANGE OF BILL EVERY WEEK. 
 
 ^^^ «i^ V?* :^?* 
 
 PRICES ALWAYS THE SAME, 
 
 15, 25, 30 Cents, 
 
 ?^* Ci?* C(^ c^* 
 
 Orchestra Chairs (Reserved a Week in Advance), 50 Cents. 
 
 HOW TO STUDY ART! 
 
 , We give in our illustrated catalogue FREE valuable 
 
 •j|iV« information and advice to those contemplating the study 
 • of Art. Send postal for catalogue. 
 
 HALSEY c. IVES. ST. LOUIS SCHOOL OP FINE ARTS, 
 
 DIRECTOR. ST. LOJIS. MO. 
 
L^AlCLEDE Hi 
 
 ACLEDE A MOTEL. 
 
 Chestnut and Sixth Streets. 
 Buropean IPlan, IRooms single or JEn Suite. 
 
 RATES, $1.00, $1.50 AND $2.00 PER DAY. 
 
 Cars to and from Union Station pass the door. 
 Cafe of superior excellence with moderate prices. 
 Meals a- la carte ; also popular priced regular 
 Breakfast, Dinner and Supper. 
 
 J. L. GRISWOLD, 
 
 Owner and Proprietor. 
 
 ThefireatStlouisFair 
 
 October 7th to 12th Inclusive 
 
 COMPETITION OPEN TO THE WORLD. 
 
 SPACE AND ENTRIES FREE. 
 
 C. A. TILLES, JOHN HACHMEISTER, 
 
 PRESIDENT. SPCRETABV. 
 
JOHN H.HAVLIN'S 
 
 ST. LOUIS 
 ENTERPRISES 
 
 Grand Opera House, 
 
 Market, near Sixth. 
 Devoted to High-Class Comedy Combinations. 
 Prices, 15, 25, 35, 50 and 75 Cents. 
 Performances every Evening. 
 Matinees, Sunday, Wednesday and Saturday. 
 
 The Imperial Theatre, 
 
 Tenth and Pine Sts. 
 Devoted to producing New and Old Successes. 
 Change of bill weekly. 
 Matinees, Daily. 
 Prices, J5, 25, 35 and 50 Cents. 
 
 Havlin's Theatre, 
 
 Sixth and Walnut Sts. 
 Devoted to Melodrama Combinations. 
 Change of bill weekly. 
 Matinees, Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday and 
 
 Saturday. 
 Prices, 15, 25, 35 and 50 Cents. 
 
J. I. EPSTEIN, 
 R^eal Estate and Financial Agent 
 
 Real Estate Bought, Sold and Exchanged. Loans Negotiated. 
 
 610 CHESTNUT ST., ST. LOUIS. 
 
 GEO. D. BARNARD & CO. 
 
 Manufacturing Stationers. 
 
 PRINTING, 
 BLANK BOOKS, 
 LITHOGRAPHING 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 GEO. D.BARNARD 
 E. T. USTICK 
 W. K. RICHARDS 
 GEO. S. M'GREW 
 FLOYD .SHOCK 
 
 Laclede and Vandeventer Aves. 
 St. Louis. 
 
 No order too large for our capacity. 
 
 No order too small for our careful attention. 
 
 CHAS. F. VOGEL, 
 
 REAL ESTATE 
 and FINANCIAL AGENT 
 
 624. 
 
 CHESTNUT STREET, 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Hotel Sto NSelhioto 
 
 o o o 
 
 A strictly modern entirely fireproof 
 European plan hotel of the first-class. 
 Conducted for the accommodation of 
 those who want the best at reasonable 
 cost. Famous for the perfection of its 
 cuisine and service, its beautiful and 
 homelike appointments and splendid 
 location. Every convenience desired by 
 patrons of high -class hotels 
 
 ...Three Restaurants... 
 Gentlemen^s Flemish Buffet and Cafe* 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
DEPEND UPON 
 
 BOUGHT OR RENTED 
 
 Thiebesotierlin 
 
 THE PIANO a MUSIC H0U5E OF ST. LOU /5. 
 
 1118 OLIVE ST.I 
 
 Our Sheet Music Stock is the Most Complete in the Louisiana Purchase. 
 
 CATALOGUES SENT FREE TO ANY ADDRESS. 
 
 WM. BOOTH fe CO 
 
 (WM. BOOTH PAPIN.) 
 
 R 
 
 EAL ESTATE 
 
 AGENTS. 
 
 Money to Loan at Lowest Rates. 
 
 618 Chestnut St., St. Louis 
 
 JOHN R. PARSON, 
 
 REGALIA, . , 
 FLAGS AND 
 BANNERS . . 
 
 109 N. Eighth St., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 M. M. GREENWOOD. 
 M. GREENWOOD, JR. 
 
 GREENWOOD & CO, 
 
 Real EfState and Investment Brokers. 
 
 We make a specialty of furnishing infornnation and data for the con- 
 sideration of non-residents contemplating investments. 
 
Bell, Main 70. 
 
 Kinloch. 1881 A. 
 
 JOHN H. B006HER, 
 
 Lawyer. 
 
 SUITE 600 CARLETON BUILDING, 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 In General Practice, State and 
 Federal Courts. 
 
 Refer: Carleton Dry Goods Co. 
 
 Continental "National Bank. 
 Mississippi Valley Trust Co. 
 
 TELEPHONES ^ ^^^^ LINDELL 396! 
 
 CHARLES P. JOHNSON, 
 
 Attorney at Law, 
 
 ROOMS 812 AND 813 
 LINCOLN TRUST BUILDING. 
 
 Residence, 4300 Washington Ave. 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 HENRY BOYD DAVIS, 
 
 Attorney at Law, 
 
 600-603 ROE BUILDING. 
 
 L. FRANK OnOFY, 
 
 Attorney and Counselor. 
 
 WALTER F. McENTIRE, 
 
 Attorney and Counselor 
 
 36 LACLEDE BUILDING, 
 
 at Law, 
 
 FOURTH AND OLIAE STREETS. 
 
 
 TELEPHONE, 3IAIN 44. 
 
 SIXTH AND OLIVE STREETS, 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 ST. LOUIS. 
 
 CLINTON ROWELL, 
 
 Clinton Rowell 
 and J. H. Zumbalen. 
 John H. Douglass, Jr, 
 
 RIALTO BUILDING, 
 
 S. E. FOURTH AND OLIVE STS., 
 
 ST. LOUIS, 
 

 Ground Abe* 338 X438 Muse Hall Seating 40oo New CoListuM Seahno over 15000 
 
 CrOUND ftfiEA COMSEUM 190X318 kRLHkWlXliZ 
 Te'epttones Oil VE 13'" 14'" »J1? ST CHARLES STREETS. 
 
 BCLL MAIN 267 ^ , i,„,„^„„ 
 
 KiNLOCh c 370 W J Atkinson 
 
 (ENCUL nANMDI 
 
 18TH ANNUAL E,XPOSITION 
 
 Se\)\. ^\\\ \o 6e\. m\v, \^0\, 
 
 AMONG THE ATTRACTIONS ALREADY ARRANGED ARE 
 
 Vocal Concerts Nightly; Solos, Quartettes, Choruses, Etc. 
 Supplementing Four Concerts Daily by 
 
 , SEYMOUR'S FAMOUS 50. 
 
 FINE ART EXHIBIT. 
 
 Mexican, Japanese, Chinese and other Foreign Exhibits 
 by the Philadelphia Commercial Museum. 
 
 SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS IN COLISEUM. 
 
 Admission, 25 cents; Children under 12, 10 cents; under 6, Free, 
 
THE FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINERY CO. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 The Fernholtz 
 Improved Brick Press. 
 
 The Fernholtz 
 Patent Clay Pulverizer 
 
 The Fernholtz 
 
 Clay Mixer 
 Dealers in 
 
 Brick Yard Supplies 
 
 Sales Agents 
 
 'Tuller*' Elevator 
 
 Bucket 
 
 Machinery Repairing. 
 
 ST. LOUIS, U. S. A, 
 
 Good All the W;i\- Through." 
 
 RICHTER'S DURABLE 
 
 PAINT 
 
 Made to paint buildings with 
 
 A. A. E.BE,RSON 6 CO., 
 
 SOLE MANUFACTURERS FOR UNITED STATES TRADE. 
 
 ST. LOU IS. 
 BALTIMORE. 
 
tC^a^'Sermcin'' 
 
 "Bond and 
 SiocKjOo. 
 
 2n North Fourth Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
 Bell. Main 3043. 
 
 TELEPHONES 
 
 Kinloch, A 1717. 
 
 Execute orders in Stocks, Bonds, Cotton, Grain and 
 Provisions on New York and Chicagfo Exchanges over 
 our own private wires on 3 to 5 per cent, margin. 
 
 DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 The excessive use 
 of alcohol produces 
 a disease which 
 yields easily to the 
 
 PAQUIN IMMUNE TREATMENT. 
 
 This treatment' for alcoholism is 
 self-administered by the patient 
 at home without publicity or de- 
 tention from business' The 
 craving appetite is permanently 
 removed without resorting to 
 will power, as the patient is en- 
 tirely immunized from further 
 desire as well as cured from the 
 disease which causes the desire 
 for the stimulants. It is in high 
 favor as there are no bad after 
 effects. This treatment has re- 
 treatments. Upon application we 
 
 DR. OZIAS PAQUIN. 
 
 claimed hundreds of relapses from othei 
 
 will send facsimile letters and endorsements from business firms and ministers of 
 
 national reputation. 
 
 PAQUIN 
 
 CHEMICAL BUILDING, 
 
 IMMUNE COMPANY, 
 
 Department 24. 
 
 ST. LOUIS, MO. 
 
£ Chas. a. Xiemeyer, H. p. Fritsch, ^ 
 
 4^ President. Sec'y-Treasurer. jjj 
 
 Ik ^ 
 
 The Pioneer Ready-Mixed Paint Makers of America. ^ 
 
 THE VANE-CALVERT PAINT CO. % 
 
 ST. LOUIS. U. S.A. ^ 
 
 Makers of the Famous 
 
 Palace Car Paints and 
 Buehler Phelan Colors. 
 
 Office, Salesroom and Color Works, 
 823 LOCUST. 
 
 White Lead and iVlixed Paint Works, 
 615-617-619 N. MAIN. 
 
 
 MANSUR & TEBBETTS IMPL'T CO. 
 
 St. Louis— Dallas— New Orleans. 
 
 SOLE AGENTS 
 MAKERS OF 
 
CIIAS. E. BRADLEY. 
 
 S. F. QUINETTE. 
 
 THIRTY YEARS' EXPERIENCE IN ST. LOUIS. 
 
 715 CHESTNUT STREET, 
 
 SALES. 
 
 KINLOCH, PHONE A 1089. 
 LOANS. 
 
 RENTING. 
 
 FAUST & SONS, 
 
 Oysterand Restaurant Co. 
 
 WE CONTKOL AND OPERATE 5 PLACES, VIZ., 
 
 Delmar Garden. 
 Fulton Market, 
 
 412-414-416 Elm St. 
 Wholesale Department, 
 
 414-416 Elm St. 
 Restaurant and Cafe, 
 
 Bi-oadway and Elm St. 
 Exposition Cafe, 
 Exposition Building. 
 
 If YOU stick it 
 with Reardon's Glue, 
 it stays stuck.' 
 
 Reardon Mnfg. Co. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 Glue, Curled Hair, 
 Cold Water Paint, Gums, 
 Glue Substitutes, 
 Disinfectants. 
 
 Two 
 -actories 
 
 StAouis.Mo, 
 
 Two 
 
 Factories 
 
 THE PERRY SCHOOL 
 
 OF 
 
 ©rators auD Dramatic Brt. 
 
 Y. M. C. A. BUILDING, 
 Cor. Grand and Franklm Aves., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Our aim is to cultivate the speaking 
 voice, and jjromote physical culture on 
 the lines of health, grace and develop- 
 ment. All graduates receive diplomas. 
 Individual instruction is given if de- 
 sired. Preparation for orations and 
 public speeches is made a specialty. 
 
 There is a thorough course for teach- 
 ers in expression. Terms reasonable. 
 
 Address EDWARD P. PERRY, Director. 
 
 Headquarters for 
 
 All Classes of 
 
 RUBBER GOODS 
 
 " The Largest General Dealers of Rubber Goods in the United States." 
 
 ■^ ^^" ^Vr. Day Rubber Co. 
 
 ■. LOUIS, MO. -»^*-*,7 
 
 415 
 
 ST. LOU 
 
m 31334 
 
THE COTTAGE 
 
 . . . IN . . . 
 
 FOREST PARK. 
 
 HIGH-CLASS FAMILY RESOR I. 
 
 BEST CONCERTS 
 
 OF EVERYTHING DURING THE 
 
 AT ALL TIMES. SUMMER. 
 
 IDEAL' PLACE TO SPEND AN EVENING. 
 
 CHAS. SCHWEICKARDT, 
 
 Proprietor.