mmnHK MKKSSbSBM Wmmm MW tKSliHflBi 1 *Pwfi '-Jw aBBBHSSBm 8P mSBKm fflmmmem IfwitinniiTTitffrri ' 3 - Mwfiwl ^SaHJ«2E B wafi«B lflffg r :•,;•'.-:-,■ nHHHmH9a'Ti' , BiHJ I t-JHSffliiffilj 1MB IHIBilli ■BIHWr ■BBEMXEIJPEKhuM I iff j m B a Pigi M W o aaB WHMWBBWRWHilWlMiBPwyiwIBijMtPlllll mmSsMm ... . G$fis HSOTfc ■HBh IBMWffHllB Bi V ^ NEILSONS GREEK EXERCISES. ABRIDGED AND REVISED IN SYNTAX, ELLIPSIS, DIALECTS, PROSODY, AND METAPHRASISI TO WHICH IS PREFIXED, A CONCISE, BUT COMPREHENSIVE SYNTAX FOR THE USE OF COLLEGES, ACADEMIES AND SCHOOLS, O Greece ! thou sapient nurse of Finer Arts ! Which to bright science blooming fancy bore, Be this thy praise, that thou, and thou alone In these hast led the way, in these excell'd, Crown'd with the laurel of assenting time. In thy full LANGUAGE, speaking mighty things Like a clear torrent close, or else difius'd A broad, majestic stream, and rolling on Through all the winding harmony of sound. THOMSON. BY THE PRINCIPALS OF BALTIMORE COLLEGE. BALTIMORE : PRINTED FOR THE PROPRIETORS BY SWAIN AND MATCHETT. 1809. i>K District of Maryland, to wit : BE it remembered that on the 30th day of August, in the thirty-fourth year of the Independence of the United States of America, Samuel Knox and William Sinclair, of the said District, have deposited in this office the Title of a Book, the Right whereof they claim as Proprietors, in the words following, to wit: " Neilson's Greek Exercises Abridged, in Syntax, Ellipsis, Dialects, Prosody, and Metaphrasis ; Some copies with, and some without a Key, to the whole ; for the use of Colleges, Academies and Schools, by the Principals of Baltimore College." In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, entitled " An Act for the Encour- agement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned, and also to the " Act entitled an Act sup- plementary to the Act entitled u An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts and Books to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned,"' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of De- signing, Engraving, and Etching; Historical and other prints. PHILIP MOORE CVh. of the District of Maryland-- DEDICATION. :h a ^eme ■ 1 *tuo ^\r m TO THE STUDENTS AND PUPILS, OF THE DIFFERENT SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES, AND COLLEGIES OF THE UNITED STATES. Young Gentlemen, THE editors of the following abridged copy of Neil son's Greek Exercises, beg leave to dedicate it to your patronage — For who so fit as the Ameri- can Youth, to patronize an undertaking, solely de- signed for their improvement ? — They are sensible of the importance and utility of such a work ; and their opinion has been sanctioned by the authority of some of the first men of literary eminence in the United States ; on which accoLint, they hope it will make stich impression on your youthful minds, as may induce you, not only to give it a diligent peru- sal, but also, to apply the rules and observations therein contained, by perseverance and indtistry, to study and practice. The knowledge of the Greek language, is an object of the first consideration in a literary course, and its strength and energy, highly necessary to give permanency and stability to our Republican institutions. — Its force and spirit are perfectly congenial with the constitution of our civil government, and its comprehensive ppwers well cal- culated to extend its influence and operation. What citizen — what orator — what statesman — nay, what [ iv J professional character, selected even from the Hum- blest walks of life, couldbear to be ignorant off lan- guage, in which Homer and Pindar's fancy ed — Euclid reasoned — and Demosthenes thu /ed against Philip? — Who would not wish to b ecu* rately acquainted with the sweetness of Pla^o and Xenophon's flowing lines — with the fire and energy of Euripides — the polished elegance of Sophocles, and the animated diction of the inimitable Longi- nus, " who is himself the great sublime he draws !" Besides, an acquisition of the Greek language, is more essentially necessary to a radical and thorough knowledge of our own, than is vulgarly supposed. This might be proved, by the authority of men of the first distinction for science and erudition in the literary world. And it may be further observed, that it is the original language in which the New Testament was written — that sacred book, which as it contains the foundation of our faith — the sources of our hope and consolation, and the terms of our salvation and happiness, to be ignorant of it, would argue an indolent, ungrateful, and almost an im- pious mind. Young Gentlemen, — You will feel the force of these observations, and duly estimate their value. — The editors, therefore, well convinced of the great importance of the knowlege of the Greek language, in a complete system of education, both in order to render its merits and beauties inviting, and as much as possible, to facilitate its attainment by a cheap, prompt and easy method of instruction, have been induced to the publication of this abridgment ; and they fondly cherish the hope, that it will meet with the countenance and support of every seminary in America, where the acquirement of a language so C v ] copious and nervous — so sonorous and majestic — so eloquent and commanding is justly appreciated. Such are the extent, variety, and rapidity of its movement, that it may be compared either to the impetuosity of the mountain torrent, or the depth and smoothness of the soft flowing stream — The Rhine and the Arar, equally illustrate its genius, and its powers. Baltimore College, October ? lOfA, 1809. 5 PREFACE. TO acquire a correct knowledge of any language, it is necessary to study not only the words of it, but the man- ner of their combination, in the construction of sentences. Without this minute analysis, words may be learned, as by rote ; but no taste for elegance of style can be formed ; no understanding of apparently obscure expressions, nor gen- eral idea of the language can be obtained. For this reason, many works have been published, intro- ductory to the making of Latin, and used with the best effect. That, which is now offered to the public, is an attempt to furnish a similar opportunity for improvement, in the most beautiful and important language of antiquity : the language, from which almost all the terms of science are derived, and in which the substance of general knowlege is contained. In the concise Syntax, which is prefixed to the Exercises, the rules, or parts of rules, which differ from Latin construe^ tion, are marked with asterisms ; that the student may see, at once, the agreement, and the difference of the two lan- guages. It is particularly recommended to the teacher, to make the pupil study the Notes on Syntax, at the end of the volume, and give an account of them, when he recites the rules to which they are annexed. The. sentences, of which the Exercises are composed, have been selected from a great variety of the finest authors. It was judged unnecessary to insert the author's name, at the end of each sentence, as this part of the work exhibits those forms of expression only, which are common to all the Greek writers. The sentences are all, except in one or two unavoidable instances, in Attic prose ; for it is evidently improper to distract the learner's attention from syntax, to poetic licenses, or variety of dialects. Each chapter is divided into three parts. The first con- tains plain sentences, rarely anticipating any subsequent rule ; these ought to be all rendered into correct Greek, before the other parts of the chapters are attempted. The second con- tains more variety of expression, and exemplifies the rules \ Vll. promiscuously, as well as the particular one prefixed to each chapter : this part is from 1 to the end of the English senten- ces. Having finished these sentences, in all the chapters on Syntax, the student will be able to translate the third part of each chapter, which consists of Latin sentences, with no corresponding Greek. As there are many elliptical expressions, which cannot be comprehended under any general rules of Syntax, a selection of the most important examples has been made from Bos's excellent work on Ellipsis. The scholar is to supply the words omitted ; which he will do with ease and pleasure, being enabled, by the translation, to find them, and directed by the blank spaces in the Greek page, where they ought to be placed. The Latin language was preferred to English, in these, in the sentences to be translated at the end of each chapter, and in the chapter on Metaphrasis, as we have no English-Greek Lexicon. In order to give a knowledge of the different Dialects, quotations from Ionic, Doric, and iEolic writers, and Homer, are inserted, which are to be rendered into the common Attic Greek. The student will thus learn every thing of importance in each, with much more ease and pleasure, than by committing a number of rules to memory. The lines reduced to Prosaic order, and to be returned into metre, are intended to form a taste for the melody of Greek poetry. And, to impress upon the mind the distinc- tion between a poetic and prosaic style, it is recommended to exercise learners in paraphrasing, or imitating in prose, select passages of the Greek poets. This is usually called Metaphrasis. A short specimen of it is given in the last chapter. It was thought unnecessary to insert more pieces of this kind, as any poet will furnish sufficient exercises. In some sentences of the Exercises, the connective parti- cles are retained, without an express translation : and it was not thought necessary to use the circumlocution which would be requisite, in many sentences, to express the full force of every particle. The abject of the translation is simply to enable the learner to perioral the several parts of the Exer- cises. [ viii ] Remarks necessary to be observed in writing Greek. 1 THE final letter is generally cut off, (except in verbs), from words ending in «, I y, •, or «. when the follow- in* word begins with a vowel ; as, n*vr' tKtycv. I All wofds ending in «, and verbs in . and ., take », when the following word begins with a vowel; as, E,*o„v *" 3 K N is changed into y, in compounds, before *, y, X , and'into », before*, (3,
A.y«. , 4 When the following word begins with an aspirated vowel, the tenuis, or intermediate consonant preceding, is changed into an aspirate ; as, A
m, o« tcvto.
6 The Attics use all contractions. _ _'
The order of the sentences, in each voice, in the hrst
chanter of the Exercises, is as follows: Present, Imperfect,
W Future, 2d. Future, 1st. Aorist, 2d. Aonst, Perfect,
Pluperfect, and, in the passive, Paulo-post future.
The manner of expression, in which each tense ,s trans-
lated in the first chapter, is retained in general, throughout
the work • but as this could not be always done, and as there
are many 'varieties of expression, which the most literal trans-
E could not ascertain, small English letters and figures
are affixed to such Greek words as might probably be ren-
dered improperly.
After a Verb. g ^^ Sub j unctive .
* denotes Active. d - - - ^tstiye.
» . - Middle. f - Infinity.
Passive e _ - - Participle.
*"...•"..' After a Substantive, Adjec-
Present. tive, Pronoun, or Participle.
! lst P Fmure. » - - - Masculine.
. . 2d. Future. f - - - Feminine.
. 1st. Aorist. »*■ - - - Neuter.
2d. Aorist. .
Perfect -> - - - Nominative.
Pluperfect. « - - -. Genitive.
r i . . . Dative.
Indicative. • Accusative.
I.
RULES
OF
GREEK SYNTAX
THE ARTICLE.
THE article is used to make a distinction or empha-
sis. With the infinitive it supplies the place of nouns, ge«
runds, and supines. With a participle, it is translated by
the relative and indicative. With /-tgv and «k it signifies
partly; and it is often used for ornament ; as,
Atcr%vho$ 6 T^ayuSos. Aeschylus the tragedian.
Kkkm tcov 7r%iv juv£*av *x HV ° To remember former evils.
T* gfw. The things without.
Ev tu) QqQViiv. In wisdom.
O g^o^gvo?. He that cometh.
T' vrw i^o^iv uvoct. It seemed greatest to him.
* 38. X^, n^iru and Jet, it behoveth, govern the accusa-
tive, with the infinitive ; as,
X^ vp#s iroiuv tovIq. You must do this.
* 39. An, and %^ signifying necessity or want, sAAgTrgi,
fAihzi, Jix v. With friends.
TIxqcc, Kv^tov. From the Lord.
n^os yu^v .
Tlow^w, T\J7TTca 9 7rsiQu>,
10. I was beginning, ye were a^ojk* *, /3A#7r™, ;*V
hurting yourselves, they were p.
standing.
1 1 . Thou shalt prepare thyself, n#£* <*JVft>, cliAhu,
PROMISCUOUS EXAMPLES.
26. He was challenging, he was n^o/^Agto m , yiKawt
laughing,tomake,havingperceiv- Trow, aurfavouon*, Trgu
22
ed, thou mayest send, to go, he na, no^o^ai, fAipQofjLUt,
was blaming, they would guard, .
9. I speak those things, which I Zyw os qqmco **§*, o it&-
have seen with my father, and ye t^ zya, ovrog A<*Ag&>, km
do the things, which ye have seen e o c$0*A-
understand with their heart, and be po?, %ca vosw 5 o na^ia, %m
converted^ and I should heal them. S7nc-7£e C>/\
33
11. You desire nothing of a dif- OvJug ns x^^^sg
ficult matter, wishing to know n^y^a, sTnGvpew, 0ouAo-
what the law is. poci yvca(M rig zi(M vopotr.
12. The end of tragedy and of O tiKqs t^aytaha, xou
history is not the same, but oppo- Icro^ot ov o avrog, ahha, o
site; in the former you must zvavriog- atu pev yae, ^«»
strike and captivate the hearers, at ?G>j, zyyvg h i nag, %m
fulness of all, about you, is near tov l^vu^« x.ot,Kog
14 *f[ If God be^or us, who can E* o Giog vVs^ £y«s, tk
be against us ? k«t* g^ W ;
15. But tell me, how the things At*£ uttov iyoo, nu>