Qass. Book. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT "^^^^ cy^ /t^^^^^. , H HISTORY T BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL, MAINE, INCLUDING THE ANCIENT TERRIIOKY KNOWN AS Itjepsrat. y GEORGE AUGUSTUS WHEELER, M.D., HENRY WARREN WHEELER. "Histories make men wise." — Bacon. '■^ No...;.' BOSTON: ALFRED MUDGE & SON, PRINTERS, 18 78. 7/ Copyright : By GEORGE A. akd HENRY W. WHEELER. 1877. F^1 ^ y^ TO STfje IWemors of THK ESTEEMED CITIZEN, AND FAITHFUL AND EARNEST HISTORICAL STUDENT, TOE LATE M\ McKeEN, ESQUII^E, WHOSE KESEAKCIIES IN THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE PEJEPSCOT REGION JUSTLY ENTITLE HIM TO OUR GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE, Srijfs Volurac fs Dct)fcateli. PREFACE, The labor of compiling a local history, though uot necessarily requiring a vciy high order of talent, does require a careful and conscientious examina- tion of a large amount of miscellaueous matei'ial. The difficulties attending a compilation of this kind are numerous and, many of them, not easilj^ to be anticipated In the words of Sterne, " When a man sits down to write a his- tory, though it be but the history of Jack Hickathrift or Tom Thumb, he knows no more than his heels what lets and confounded hindrances he is to meet with in his wa3^" So much is said Ijy waj^ of apology for the unavoidable errors that ma}^ perchance, be discovered in this volume. The undertaking itself needs no apology, as the value of such compilations, not only to the writers of general history, but also to the public more immediately interested, is now everj^where admitted. The aim of the compilers has been to furnish a work which should be valu- able rather than merely entertaining. 'Ihey have endeavored to give a faith- ful and complete history of the three towns, and although they have tried to make the volume more interesting by the introduction, when proper, of nar- ratives and traditions, yet this they have considered of secondary importance. The methodical ari'angement of a Avork of this kind, so as to embrace all that is desired and at tlie same time to avoid frequent repetition, is involved with difficulties, and is, after all, somewhat a matter of taste. In this work the arrangement by the topics into Avhich thesubjcct is most naturally divided has been adopted as, on the whole, the best. Each division of the subject has, however, been arranged in chronological order, and for further conve- nience of reference full indexes have been appended. It is proper, in this place, to acknowledge the assistance which the com- pilers have received, in various ways, in the prosecution of their work. Their very great indebtedness to the labors of the late John McKeen, Esquire, has already been shown, and is still further shown by the frequent reference to him throughout the book; but they desire also to acknowledge the kindness of Miss Frances A. McKeen in furnishing them with the private papers of her father. The name of the late Moses E. Woodman, Esquire, is also entitled to be held in grateful remembrance for the work he did in collecting and tracing the genealogy of Topsham families. Much interesting information has also been obtained from notes made by the late James McKeen, M. D. VI PREFACE. It is proper also to acknowledge to the public the great obligations of the compilers to the late Doctor John D Lincoln, both for tlie material assistance rendered by him, and for his steadfast encouragement in their nudertaking, from its very inception up to his last hours. The thanks of the compilers are also espcciall^v due to Mr. A. G. Tenney, for his pei'sonal help and advice, as well as for the great assistance atfordedby his file of the Bmnsvick Telegraph, and for the many courtesies extended by him; to Professor A. S. Packard, for valued advice and assistance, and for his kindness in affording unusual facilities for examining the books and papers in the historical and college libraries ; to General Joshua L. Chamberlain, Hon- orable Charles J. Gilman, Professor Stephen J. Young, and Professor Geoi'ge L. Vose, for valuable advice and assistance; to Eeverend Elijah Kellogg, for his manuscript lecture on the history of Harpswell ; to Messrs. Charles J. Noyes, Stephen Purinton, Edwin Emery, Professor Henry Carmichael, Rever- end George T. Packard, and Doctor Asher Ellis, for assist;uice in the collec- tion and preparation of material for tlie work ; and to the raan}'^ others who have, In one way or another, assisted them, the compilers return their sincere thanks. The various illustrations given in the book will, it is hoped, be satisfactory to the public. 'Y\\e portraits were furnished by and inserted at the expense of the friends of the persons whom they represent. The Pejepscot plan of the Brunswick and Topsham lots was made from two of the original plans, and was reduced and engraved by the photo-lithographic process, by J. H. Bufford's Sons, Boston. The map of Brunswick and Tops- hamAillages in 1S02 was compiled from a written description of Brunswick by the late John McKecn, Esquire, and from verbal descriptions of Topsham by Mr. James Wilson and the late Mrs. Nathaniel Green. All of the maps and most of the illustrations are from drawings made by Mr. Charles G. Wheeler, Bowdoin, Class of 1876. Whatever praise or censure may be due the authors for the manner in which they have executed their work should be equally divided Ijetween them, as it has been a joint production, in which they are themselves unable to specify their respective claims of authorship. In conclusion : To the citizens of tlie three towns, and more especially to those of Brunswick and Harpswell, whose interest in the work has been so fully shown by their liberal appropriations in aid of its publication, this vol- ume is offered with gratitude and respect, and its favorable reception will be deemed an ample remuneration for their labors by The AuTJioiis. CONTENTS. PART I. CHAPTER PAGE I. Aboriginal Inhabitants 1 II. PE.JEPSCOT Purchase and Prior Settlements 7 III. Doings of the Pe.iepscot Proprietors and Settlements UNDER TIIEM 27 IV. Period of the Indian Wars 49 PART II. I. Boundaries and Notable Features 75 II. Municipal History of Brunswick 104 III. Harpswell 155 IV. TOPSHAM 180 V. General and Social 205 VI. Fires and Fire Companies 257 VII. Courts and Trials, Crimes and Criminals, Lawyers . . 277 VIII. Taverns and Public Halls, Mails, Newspapers, etc. . . 200 IX. Diseases and Accidents, Frkshets 311 X. Stages, Railroads, Navigation, Telegraph, etc 323 XI. Buri-4X-Places and Epitaphs 339 XII. Ecclesiastical History of Brunswick 352 XIII. Topsham 406 XIV. Harpswell 436 XV. Educational History of Brunswick 456 XVI. Topsham 482 XVII. Harpswelt 493 XVIII. BowDOiN College and Medical School of Maine . . . 498 XIX. Public Lands, Roads, Bridges, etc 521 XX Commercial History of Brunswick 552 XXI. Topsham 603 XXII Harpswell 618 XXIII. Forts, Garrisons, Churches, etc., Brunswick 625 vill CONTENTS. CIIAPTF.R PACK XXIV. Fours, Gaurisons, Churches, ktc, Topsham and Harps- WKI.I G51 XXV. Interkstixg Relics 670 XXVI. Military History of the Three Towns 676 PART III. I. Bioguaphical Sketches 709 II. Family Hisiories 827 APPENDICES. APPtNDIX I. List of Early Settlers 865 IT. List of Soldiers in the Indian Wars 875 III. Revolution 880 IV. War of 1812-U ....... 887 V. Rebellion 896 VI. List of National and State Officers from these Towns 916 VII. Town Officers 919 General Index 937 Index of Names in Biographies and Family Histories 956 ILLUSTRATIONS. PoiiTRAiT OF Joiix McKkkx, Esquirk Frontispiece. ' PAGE The Stocks, Brcnswick 281 ToNTiNK Hotel, " 295 President Allen's Academy, Bruxswich 47G Franklin Family School, Topsiia:\i 489 BoAVDOiN College in 1821 498 Androscoggin Bridge and Falls in 1828 549 Old Hay-Scales, Topsiiam (;i;5 Fort George, Brunswick G27 Town House, " G3G First Meeting-House, Brunswick 037 Third Meeting-House of First Parish, Brunswick 641 Cornelius Thompson House, Brunswick 646 Court House, Topsiiam 657 Old Hunter Tavern, Topsiiam 658 Walker Homestead, " GGl - Interior ov Old Meeting-House, Harpsweli 664 Andrew Dunning House, " 668 Joseph Orr Housis, " 669 Portrait of Rev. George E. Adams, D. D 710 >/ PllESIDENT ApPLETON 714 Prof. Parker Cleaveland 719 Ebenezer Everett, Esquire 740 / Mr. Joseph Griffin 746 / Gen. John C Humphreys 754 J Dr. Isaac Lincoln 760 y Dr. John D. Lincoln 761 / President McKeen 763 Major Nahum Perkins 785 Mr. William S. Perry 780 Mr. Francis T. Purinton 797 Prof. William Smyth S03 >. Mr. Chari.es Thompson 810 v Rev. a. D. Wheeler, D. D 820 ISIAPS AND PLANS. Pejepscot Company's Plan of Brunswick and Topsiiam . . . Cover. / PACE Settlements ix 1752 40 Brunswick and Topsiiam Villages in 1802 72 Roads in 1765 531 PART I. " This is the place, — stand still, ray steed, Let me review the scene. And summon from the shadowy past. The forms that once have been ! " Longfellow, A Gleam of Sunshine. HISTORY OF Brunswick, Topsliam, and Harpswell. CHAPTER I. ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. The Indian race, formerh' occupying tlie territory now embraced by the State of Maine, was divided, as most autliors state, into two considerable nations, called the Etechemins and the Abena'kis. The former nation occupied the region east, and the latter that west, of the Penobscot River.' The Abenaki nation was composed of four principal tribes, viz. : — 1. The Sokokis, who had their principal encampments upon the Saco River. 2. The Anasagunticooks, who occupied the entire valley of the Androscoggin River. 3. The Canibas, who dwelt upon the Kennebec, from its tide waters to its source. 4. The Wawenocks, who reside between the Sagadahock and the river St. George, and upon the latter. ^ The Anasagunticooks were, at the first advent of Europeans, a very numerous, powerful, and warlike tribe. The Pejepscot Indians were, in all probabilit}^ a sub-tribe of the Anasagunticooks. The}' had cus- tomary places of resort, if not permanent places of residence, at the Brunswick Falls, at Maquoit, and at Mair Point. It is now considered probable, from the remains and relics found there, that the latter was the place of one of their villages in the sixteenth century.'-^ Like most of the native tribes, the Anasagunticooks were, at first, 1 Willis, Maine Historical Collection, 4, p. 96. Vetromile, The Abenahis, p 17. 2 Kidder, Maine Historical Collection, 6, p. 235 Williamson and others. 8 John McKeen, Manuscript Lecture. 1 2 iii'^roRY OF nNi'xswrciy, ror$nA}r, Axn harps well. probably iVuMidly to (ho whitos. At lo:\st, our sottlorsnro roprosontcil as liviuii' with thorn upon tho most frioudly terms up to about tho timo ol' K'u\i^ Philip's War.^ Thoy soi>n, howovor, booamo oxtromoly and invotoratoly hostile to tho settlors upon their domain, and until their oxtorinination by disease and by the ago-rossions of the whites, they eontinned to exhibit their animosity by tVequont attaoks upon isolated settlements and habi- tations and by lyiug in ambush for individuals or small parties. The plaj:ne whii-h broke out anion<: them about the year UU.') or IGK) so redueed them that, in the latter year, they numbered only l,.")00 warriors.- Tlu'y were still further redueed in number by warfan> and other eauses, so that there were, aeeording to one authority,^ on Xovember 24, ITlH), only the Indians in the tribe over sixteen years of age. John llegon was their sachem at this time. Twenty-five years later there were one hundred and sixty warriors in the tribe. ^ This is a large increase in number, but yet it shows how Aveak the tribe had become. The most celebrated sagamores of this tribe were Darumkin, Wo- rumbo, and llodgkins, — called sometimes Hawkins. Of the former but little is kijown, except that he was the father of Terranmgus. and on several occasions served as orator for the tribe. Worumbo is better known on account of his deed to Richard Whar- ton, July 7, U>Sl, continuing to him the lands fonuerly conveyed to and possessed by Thomas Purchase. llodgkins (or Hawkins), whose Indian name was Kankamagns, was, in reality, a sachem of the rennacooks, but he Joined the Andros- coggius alunit U)84, and lived with Worumbo. Mugg is thought to have been another of their sachen\s,"' although by some authors he is supposed to have belonged to the Penobscot tribe.*' He was very conspicuous in the Indian war of Ui7(>-77. On October Pi. of the former year, he assaulted Black Point, now Scarborough, with one hundred men, and caiUured it. In lt>77 he again besieged that garrison for three days, and killed three men and took one captive. He was himself killed, ^lav IG of that year. Prior to this war he had lived for some time with the English, and had been vexy friendly to them." ^McKi'en, Mi^S. Lecture. Woodman, Manuecript Histonj o/P^V;ww*. 3 M'illiiinmut, 1, p. +s;\ * Gyleg's :>taiement, Maint' Historical Collection, 3. p 357. "• ir//?/(t»n,vt>H, 1, p. 483. * Drake. Book of Indians, 3. p. 110. 6 Ilistonj of Pcnmquid, p. 122, "^ Drake, Jiook of Indians, 3, p. 110. .(/.•0/.•/^7iV.l^ IS'IIAIIITANTS. 3 'I'liiM cliicf iiiiihI, not lie conroiiiKlctl uitli Moji^;, — ;4fii<'iJilly known nH Mo};';^" Mc^onc!, — who wiih killed nl, the (inui of IJmhIc'h dcjilli (1721), ;in(l who lK!l(jn}/;(Ml to tlm Siic(j Indi.-ins. AnothtT of (h(!ir HjijjfnniorcH wmh IMiilip Will, ori^!,iniilly :i Ciijtc Cod Indian ; he wjim cjiptnrcd l»y tin; l''r»'ii<'li, .-it tlu; HJc^t! ol' Jionisbin'ii;, when only fourtcuMi y(^nr.H of nj^o. lic^iniunin^ with th(! Alu'nnki In- • liiuiM, he l)c<-:ini(', cvcnlnully, »i(!hi<'ror this triho. Will wjis l)ron;;,ht ii|) in llif fiiniily ol" ii I\Ir. Crocker, in which Ik; wiih tan^hl " to I'ciid, write, iind ciiihei'." Il(( pnrventcid, Ibr many yeiUH, Ihe linal extint;- tion of his trilie. lit; was six fei^t thret; inches in heii.rht, ami pos- HOHHod a <:;ood diiveloitincnt.' 'Ph(! fact that tli(! lands oc(Mipied l»y the whiles were duly pinchased of and conveyed to them l»y the; Indians theniscdves, and that lhee;irlier setllei's in this region emleavored to (conciliate and make friends of them, seems to ha\(! had lint litth; ellect in reslrainin<^ tin; sava}i,'e disposition ol" tlu; natives. After the lirst oiithreak, they rarcrly lived on ically pe.-ieealde terms with the settlers, and when llicrc; were no actual hostilities ^^oiiif^' on, they were continnally strollinii' ahont and annoying' the inli;d»itants,'- and v.\'(.\\\ isolated acts of l"riendshi[) on the, p:irl, of individuals anionj^st tli(!in were corn[)uratively ran;. Thii Hcltlement of tli(! nf^ion occupied by this tribe, Hubs('f|iient t,o the time; of Kinjj; lMiili|>'M War, presents (tontinnal hccmics ol" <-:irna<;(! and destrnction, inidni{j;ht niussueres and conllaj^rations, imlil the tribe its(!lf becanio extinct. The lan<;iia«^(c of the y\i»enaki nation has been caicfidly sIikTkmI by many competcMit HtiidentH, bnt tla; (lillicidti(!H in tlu! way of thoroughly understandinj^ tlu! diiren^nt dialeetH are ho ^reaf that nnicli nncer- tainly still exists, both as to the correct proniinciution and dei'iv.-ition, and also as to \\n' meaning, of very many of tlu! names forni(;rly ap|)lied to localities. 'I'lu; Indian names, and tlmir si j>;n ideation in Knf^lisli, of som(( ol" tin; more important plac(!s, will, lUiverthelesH, l)rov(! inter(wtin Amos Richardson.^ ^ Maine Historical Collections, \,i). 152. ^Records of the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay in Nov England, 1, pp. 27' 10 HISTORY OF nnrxswicK, topsham, axd harpswell It is uiMiorally (H>nsi(lcM-iMl thnl this deed givos the riiilit ol' jurisdic- tion only. ;ind not tho rijilit to the soil. The '' four miles square towards the soa "" eau only refer to the direction towards Casco Bay, which is only about four miles distant. Up to this time Purchase was, probably, the only settler within the limits of what constitutes the present towns of Brunswick, Topsham, and Ilarpswell. [I(!."t7.] There was about this time considerable uncertainty as to what government had jurisdiction over this region. It was deter- mined, in the year 1(1.")7, by an action brought for the i)urpose, by the widow Elizabeth ^Vay against Purchase.^ The matter was referred to the General Court of ^Massachusetts. In the legislature tliere was a ditferenee of opinion on the subject, and tliat body ap- l^ointed Monntjoy to run the easterly line of ^Massachusetts. He did so, and it was found that it extended to the month of the Sagadahock.- [lOi;;) to l(w().] About the year li^G',) Thomas Gyles settled at Pleasant l\>int. on ^Merrymeeting Bay, in what is now Topsham. He purchased a tract of land two miles long and t)ne mile broad, on the left bank of the Pejepseot. of Thomas Watkins, one of the residents on the Kennebec, and also of the Indian sachem, Darumkin.-* His biother ,lanies settled near him.'* as did also James Thomas and Sam- uel York, who, July lH), 1670, bought of Pobinhood and Daniels all the tract of land l)etween Gyles's lot and Terramugus^ Cove.^ In 1()7.") Thomas Purchase added to the land granted by the Council oi' Plymouth, a large tract oil the river, which he had bought of the Indians." duly od of this year, Thomas Stevens, who had previouslj' owned land in North Yarmouth, settled at New Meadows, and bought a tract oi' land on the New ^Meadows River, of three Indian saga- mores, Ki)binhooil. Kramket Daniels, and IManessumet.*' He had pre- viously bought land of Thomas Purchase.-' The land purchased of the above-mentioned sagamores was " a •ertain [nece or i^arcel of land adjoining to Pejepseot Kiver, butted id bouiuled as follows : To the land of Thomas Stephens, now in >ssession, east, and to Alister Coombs, his land, south, and from 3 head of Alister Coombs, his marsh, westerly, to a certain path, Mdsaachusetts Bap Cohmt/'s Records, Vol. 4, Part 1, ;>. 3i>l. McKecn, MSb. Lecture. York Counti/ Records, 10, /). 82. * Gi/lcs Memorial, p. 103, ct seq. liis core, named/or an Indian chief, is beiiceen the flour mill of Purinton, Beau- lO Co., on the "'Granni/ Hole " stream, and the Topsham end of the railroad le Historical Collection, 3. ;>. 315, et seq. ' Williamson. Ihihbard. Countii Records, 9, p. 254. * Maine Historical Collection, 3, p. 315. VKJKPSCOT PURCHASE, AND PRIOR SETTLEMENTS. W called the carrying path, or carrying place, and IVoni said path upon a strait line to a certain island, commonly called the Stave Island, standing at the lower end of I'ejepscot Narrows, and to I'ejepscot River north, and to the aforesaid land of Thonnis Stephens easterly, to hold in fee with general warranty." ^ June 30, 1076, Stevens sold the above-described piece of land to Lancellot I'ierce, who resided there for " some time." What l)ecame of liim is not known, but as William Pierce, of Milton, in 171."), claimed this land as heir of Lancellot Pierce,^ it is probable that the latter moved to Milton or that vicinity, and died there. Stevens probably lived on the land which he bought of Purchase. In 1072 Nicholas Cole and John Purrington bought of Sagettawon and Robin lIooje lines of West and North West conceived to pass or lead upicards from ye rivers of Sagadehock & Merrimack in ye country of Neiv England afores'd," it must have included all of Maine west of the Kennebec, and consequently included the Pejepscot tract. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER TIIEM. 27 CHAPTER III. DOINGS OP THE PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS, AND SETTLEJIENTS UNDER THEM. Up to tlie time of the formation of the Pejepscot Compnny, in 1714, comparative!}' few persons had made settlements in tliis region, and there had been no organized efforts to induce settlers to come hither. From this time new settlers appear oftener than before, though not very rapidlj" at first. [1715.] Among other projects of the proprietors to encourage immigration to their lands, the}' voted, at a meeting held Sei)t. 14, 1715, '' That the present projection for la3ing out the Town of Bruns- wick in one Line of Houses be accepted and the Town laid out accord- ingly. " That each Proprietor will take up a Lot and build upon it as soon as ma}' be. That we consent to Mr. Noyes taking his Lot next Maquoit (he promising to build a Defensible House thereon next Spring). That the Meeting House shall be in the midway between the Fort & Maquoit. That the Lots for the Ministry, the First Min- ister & the School be the Centre Lots, and as for the other Lots, Those persons, whether Proprietors or others, that first take up the Lots cfe build upon them, shall take their choice. And that the Out- bounds «fe the plan of Topsham be likewise laid out now, three Sides of a Square, the Houses Twenty Rods distant according to the plan offered to the Generall Court." ^ [171G.] The Pejepscot proprietors, some time in 171G, or perhaps 1717, bought a large tract of land extending from Abbacadasset Point up the west side of the Kennebec River, as far as the north end of Swan Island, and thence into the country for four miles. Tlie title came from Kennebis, and Clark and Lake, but mediately through Richard Collicut and Samuel and Hannah Ilolman, of whom the pro- prietors bought. 1 Pejepscot Records. 28 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARFSWELL. The proprietors at tliis time had to send evorything necessary for the carrying on of tlieir operations from Boston, and we accordingly find that at their first meeting, held Feb. 21, 1710, they voted to have twenty hnndred weight of screwed hay, for the use of their cattle there, sent to l>runswick 1)3' the first sloop that went ; and that the other things that had been requested should be sent to their servant, James Irish.' At a meeting of the proprietors, hold Sept. 5, of this year, it was voted : (Agroeably to their i)revious vote of the twenty-seventh of April, granting liberty to Adam Winthroi), one of their partners, to make choice of some island, neck, or tract of land within their territory) That Swan Island should be ai)propriated to AVinthrop as his share of their first division, and that it should be reckoned at 1,000 acres, ^vhether it proved to be more or less ; '' That Mair-Point be divided into Two Lots, The Lower half part to be Lot No. 2 — The upper half to be Lot No. 3 " ; that the portion of land lying between Cathauce lliver and the eastern i)art of Abagadasset Point, and a line running north- erly from the latter, should be divided into five lots, equal in front, and that the lot nearest Cathauce liiver should be called No. 4, and that they should be numbered from that lot, successively, Nos. 5, G, 7, and e so laid out as not to interfere with the plan of the town. As no other reference is made to Captain Nowell in the Pejepscot Papers, it is not probable that the conditions were fulfilled. [1 717.] On the third of Ma}', 1717, Brunswick was. by vote of the General Court of Massachusetts, constituted a townships and the Pejepscot proprietors, with a view to the settlement of the town, '"''Voted: That all persons that shall otfer themselves and l)e Excepted lulinbitants of the said Town And have a Lott of Land Laid out to them in S*^ Township of ninety five Acres as also five acres of meadow in some Convenient place The}' building an house on Each Lott so Taken u[) witliiu one year next after their taking uj) tiie S'' Lotts &, Dwelling upon & improvin their Lands for tlie Terme of Three Yeares, And having their Said Lands Discribed & recorded in this Town Book by a Clerk Leaguallv Chosen & sworne It shall be accounted a Sure Lawfull Title of an absolute State of Inheritance in fee To them their Heirs & assignes forever. Provided nevertheless If an}- of y* before recited Conditions are not Comply ed with by the said Inhabitants according to y* True intent thereof That then y" S'' Lotts of Land Shall be wholly forfited to y* use of the S*^ Proprietors as full}' as Ever here to fore any thing in this Book Recorded notwithstanding." i At a meeting of the proprietors, June 13, 1717, Lieutenant Heath was instructed to survey and make a plot of each of the proprietor's lots. It was also voted that the township of Topsham be likewise suiTeyed and plotted in an oblong square, if the land would allow it, frcMiting on Mcrrvmeeting Bay, so as to leave about two hundred acres, and that this town plat be laid out into fifty lots, each lot to be twenty rods wide. It was also decided at this meeting to have a general plan of the whole territory made as soon as might be. The proprietors also desired Mr. Hutchinson to write to a friend in England for a copy of the patent to Purchase and Way, and to send it to them, well attested, as soon as possil)le.- The document is not on file witli the Pejepscot Papers, and it is probable that it was never obtained. At a meeting of the proprietors, June 17, 1717, it was ^'- Voted, That a mile and a half upwards from Potts's Neck, and the other prongs 1 Bninswick Records, in Pejejjscot Collections. 2 Pejepscot, Records. 30 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. of MeriTConeag Xeck, be left on Die lower end of said Merryconeag Neck, for a Town or Fishing Settlement, the rest of said Neck to be divided in eight parts equal in Front, to run across said Neck, in par- alel lines, from the North West to the South East side, according to the bearing of the said land, the Lowest Lott to be No. 1. " The Lotts being fairly drawn came out as toUows, viz. : — No. 1 . David Jeffries. 2. John Watts. 3. John Ruck. 4. Adam AVinthrop. 5. John AVentworth. 6. Oliver Noyes. 7. Steplien Minott. 8. Thomas Hutchinson." ^ [1718.] At a meeting of the proprietors, held April 23, 1718, it was " Resolved: Tiiat whereas it will tend much to the advantage of the Settlements for each Partner to settle his Severall Lotts laid out to him, and that it ma}' be a means of preventing Troublesome dis- putes, we agree, as soon as may l)e convenienth', to build upon our Severall Divisions and to put them under Improvement." [17rj.] The next reference to this subject that has been found is in the proceedings of a meeting of the inhabitants and a committee of the Pejepscot proprietors, held Ma}' 8, 1719. At this meeting a vote was passed, " That all Persons who have or Shall Take up any Lott or Lotts in Brunswick & Shall for y* space of halfe a year neglect to put Forward Building on & improving the s* Land Shall be Liable to be forever Deprived of their Lott or Lotts ; By the vote of this s** Town." The land for a town commonage was granted by the proprietors at this time, but the vote passed will be given in connection with that sulrject. [1731.] In 1731 Phineas Jones was employed to survey the lands and make plans. He found Brunswick and the lands above, on both sides of the Androscoggin River, to be 480,543 acres, Merriconeag Neck to be 4,670 acres, and Sebascodegan Island to be 5,790 acres. He made his survey in the winter season with five or six assistants, protected from the Indians by a file of soldiers. They selected the winter because there were fewer Indians about, and also because, the ponds and brooks being frozen, they could travel over them. In deep snow they could use snow-shoes.^ '^ Ptjcpscot Papers. ^McKeen, MSS. Lecture. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. ?>l Josei)h Heath, Esquire, had been up to this time the agent and clerk of the company, but June 30, of this year, Captain Benjamin Larrabee was ap[)ointed agent, and the record book, containing the doings of the settlers, was transferred to him.i The proprietor, also, on the twelfth of July, 1737, gave John Booker, of New Meadows, the power of attorney to keep all unauthorized persons from settling upon Sebascodegan Island, or from cutting wood or timber or hay there, and to seize upon and ship to Boston any timl)er or wood cut there without permission, one half the proceeds to go to Booker for his ser- vices, and the other half to the proprietors.- The proprietors at the same time gave the power of attorney to Colonel Johnson Harmon, of Merriconeag, for the purpose of keeping off intruders from the Neck.^ July 16, 1737, the proprietors gave Benjamin Larrabee full power of attorney to execute deeds to the settlers in Brunswick and Tops- ham.^ In a letter of instructions to Larrabee, dated two days later, the following information was given in regard to the prices of the lots, and as to his duties : — "The iirst settlers were to pay but five pounds for each hundred acres — Since that, Giveen and those near him were to pay Sixteen pounds for each hundred acres — Some that have more lately taken Lotts at Bi-unswick Road Ten pounds for each hundred Acres, those at Topsham and New Meadows Twenty five pounds for each hundred acres — "As fast as 3-ou can receive money for the deeds you execute we would have you apply it to discharge the debts qf the propriety viz : Mr. Pearse the Carpenter and JNIr. Wakefield the Glazier for Bruns- wick Meeting house. " If the Lotts at Brunswick Road to Maquoit and Topsham are not all filled up or granted you may go on to grant them on as good Terms as you can for the Proprietors — not lower than Ten pounds in Bruns- wick and Twenty five pounds in Topsham." ^ [1739.] In June, 1739, Mr. Larrabee sent a representation to the proprietors of the difficulties the settlers labored under, in regard to paying for their lots in money, and the proprietors agreed that they might send the pay for their lots in wood or timber, to Boston, without charge.^ [1741,] At a meeting of the proprietors held at the " Sun" tav- ^ Pejepscot Records. ^ Pejepscot Papers. ^Ibid. * Pejepscot Records. 5 Ibid. 6 Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. 32 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ern, Boston, April 22, 1741, it was voted that the following instruc- tions be given to their partner, Henry Gibbs, to act upon while he was at Brunswick : — " [!•] Whereas the Lotts were laid out )nit 20 rods wide from Fort George to Maquoit, the inhabitants complain they are too long and narrow, therefore for Accommodation of the settlers it is now pro- posed that they be 30 rods wide & to be laid out on one Side of the Road and to be one hundred acres exclusive of the marsh & to be valued at Fourteen pounds p Lott. " [2.] Att ever}' 10th Lott a Road of four rods wide to be laid out the whole length of said Lott if it fall out convenient. The County Road if any be laid out to be laid down on the Town plan et to be reckoned as one of said Roads and in case the Lott next said Road be more than 30 Rods wide yet to run an equal length with the rest & it be left to be aiDpropriated as shall be Judged Most for the Interest of the Propriety. " [3.] The Lotts on the East side of the Road to Maquoit to be Fort}' Rods wide as the Land will allow because the Land is not so good & necessary roads to be on that side. " [4.] We are willing that a Priviledge be granted to such as will undertake to build a Grist Mill at a little stream near the Fort.''^ The stream referred to in the preceding paragraph had its source in the swamp which formerly' existed where the depot is now. This swamp extended as far east as the mall, as far north as I'leasant street, and westerly be^-ond Union Street. The brook ran along be- tween Union and Maine Streets, passing back of the factory store and entering tlie river about where the factor}' is now. After the swamp was tilled and drained, of course the brook no longer existed. [1750.] At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, held July 9, 1750, it was voted that an advertisement should be posted upon the meeting-house at Brunswick, stating that it was the intention of the proprietors to defend the inhabitants of Brunswick and the neighbor- ing towns in the propriety, in their possessions, and that any person who should be so imprudent as to take up land under any other title, would be prosecuted. At the same meeting it was also voted to dis- pose of the vacant land at New Meadows, viz., that extending from Charles Casida's lot to Wigwam Point, exclusive, for the most that it would bring, and out of the proceeds of the sale to pay the expense of finishing the meeting-house in Brunswick. The remainder was to be 1 Brunsiokk Records in Pejepscot Collection. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. 33 kept subject to the order of the proprietors.^ A note at the bottom of the above entry in the records sa^'s, " Not accepted by the Town." [1751.] On March 19th of this year, 1751, a letter was sent to the selectmen of Brunswick, b}' the proprietors, recommending that no one should take a title of land from the Plymouth Company, and promising them that if any of the;, inhabitants of Brunswick or Tops- ham should be molested or disturbed b}' that company, the proprietors would stand by them and indemnify them against the Plymouth Com- pany's claim. 2 This letter, however, seems not to have fuU}^ satisfied all the set- tlers, as some few did take up land under titles derived from the Plymouth Company. Learning this fact, the proprietors, at a meeting held April 15, voted, " to unite in defence of their Title to the Lands comprehended in said Township, and that an advertisement be forth- with printed, Cautioning all persons against making an}^ Encroachment, Strip, or Waste, on any Land belonging to this Proprietj-, as they will answer it to the utmost perill of the Law." ^ In addition to this vote the proprietors, at a meeting held May 15, in order to show to all interested the exact bounds of the several lots, voted that the several deeds, or sufficient extracts from them, should be at once printed at the company's expense.'* The people of Topsham not having, at this time, the advantage of a local government, were apparently inclined to do about as they pleased, without reference to the proprietors, and some lawless acts were undoubtedly committed by them. The following letter from Belcher Noyes, the proprietors' clerk, to Adam Hunter, of Topsham, will show what some of these acts were : — " Boston, May 12, 1753. " Mr. Adam Hunter: ' ' I wrote you last fall by Ste Gatchell to which have never had any answer from you, the Proposal made us by Capt. Willson is quite mean & unworthj- an}^ notice, I am sorry to hear your People have so generally combined in the old Trade of destroying the Lumber on y^ Proprietors Interest this is very Abusive Treatment & convinces us 3'ou have no Regard to the Laws of God and man, for such a small frontier Settlem' to live in such an abandoned State in the open viola- tion of all Law, will expose j'ou to the vengeance due to such Behaviour & it will one day fall heavy on your Heads. 1 Bmnswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. ^Ibid. ^Ibid. *Ibid. S4 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. " For shame then be persuaded to leave of such actions, Topsham is become the Reproach of everybod}'. The Donlaps & Willsons are famous in this Trade. I should be glad when you come to Boston you might come prepared w'' some scheme to render j^our settlm* capa- ble of a better Improvement & encourage the Increase of Inhabitants. "I enclose you a plan Dehneatjng y^ Bounds of the Plymouth Claim &, our answer to their Remarks on said Plan I pra}' you would peruse the same & give me ^our sentiments in so doing you will obhge, ' ' yours to serve " B. NOYES." 1 [1757.] At a meeting of the proprietors, held Ma}' 31, 1757, Belcher No3'es was chosen clerk, and in the following June, treasurer and collector of taxes. At the meeting in June, a committee was chosen to conclude an agreement with the proprietors of the Kennebec purchase. It was also voted that the proposals from the Plymouth Compau}-, for the accommodation of the disputes between them, should be accepted. At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, held at the Exchange tavern in Boston, on Wednesda}-, June 8, the subject of an agreement with the Ph'mouth Compan}- was debated and decided upon. [1758.] The deeds of the Pejepscot proprietors to the Pl3"mouth proprietors, and of the latter to the former, were made and executed, in accordance with the above-mentioned agreement, on February 20, 1758.2 [1760.] The people of Topsham, at this time, are still at opposi- tion with the proprietors, as appears from a letter of Belcher Noyes, their clerk, to E. Freeman, dated July 30, in which he states that there are some in Topsham who denv the title of the Pejepscot Coin- panj', the ringleatlers being Captain Adam Hunter and Captain Thomas Wilson. He further states that there are " py rates " there, who have made their li\ing out of the proprietors by destroying tlie lumber, and that " none so guilty as tliis said Hunter who has gott an estate out of those woods." He says also that Mr. Gibbs had sold his right to one John Merrill, of Arundell, who would go down in the fall. a [17G1.] At a meeting held Oct. 8, 1701, Enoch Freeman, Esq., was desired and empowered to have a regular i)lan made of the township of Topsham, and to have the lots for settling so delineated that it 1 Pejepscot Papers. 2 Pejepscot Papers. Records. 3 Pejepscot Papers. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. 35 could be known what land remained undisposed of. He was to make the line between the Phmouth and Pejepscot Companies' lands the boundary of his survey, and was to have the lands plotted b}' a skilful surveyor, into lots of one hundred acres each, so far as the land would admit. At the same meeting, he and Belcher Noyes were empowered to dispose of the settling lots in Topsham that were not already taken up, and to apply the proceeds towards finishing the meeting-house, the frame of which was already' raised. At this meeting authority was given to Belcher Xoj'es " to execute a Deed of the old Stone Fort, with the Buildings and Land adjacent, in the Town of Brunswick, in behalf of this Propriety, viz. The one half to Jere- miah Moulton ijsq. The other half to Capt. David Dunning ; they pacing unto the said Belcher No^'es the sum of one hundred and thirt}' three pounds six shillings and eight pence, lawful money, — for which sum he is to account with the Proprietors. Also, the privilege of the stream at the Falls, and its appurtenances." ^ [1762.] At a meeting of the proprietors, June S, 1762, it was voted to sell to Stephen Staples one hundred acres of land above the Cathance Mill, in Topsham, for five shillings and four pence per acre, and to apply the mone}' towards finishing the meeting-house. It was likewise voted to sell to William Patten sixty-six acres of land situ- ated in a gore of land on Cathance River — it l)eing the balance of the land belonging to Cathance Mill — for whatever price could be obtained.^ In a letter from Belcher Noj-es, dated October, 1762, and written to some unknown person, reference is made to the encroachments of the Plymouth Compau}^ upon the settlers at Topsham. In this letter he says : — ''The Plymouth Compan}' have at the last session of our General Court gott a Tract of Land witliout Inhabitants, incorporated into a Township by the Name of Bowdoinham, the Bounds of which are enclosed. This takes off a small })art of Topsham and some few families on Cathance Point, and by this means the}' have crowded themselves on us, contrary to their agreement. This was perfected before I knew anything of it. The People of Topsham are uneasy that their township is not laid out." [1763.] The trouble between the settlers at Topsham and the Pejepscot proprietors has not j&i been quieted. Mr. Belcher Noyes writes to Mr. Freeman that ' ' Capt. Wilson is at the head of this Rebellion — you will find him a very troublesome fellow. "^ In another 1 Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. ^ Pejepscot Records, 1, p. 210. 3 Pejepscot Papers. 36 HISTORY OF BRUXSWICK, TOPSHAM, AXD HARPSWELL. letter, dated Juue 22, 17G3. and probabh' to the same person, he says, referring to a meeting of the committees of the Plymouth and Pejep- scot Companies to settle the dividing line between their respective ter- ritories, that the former, '' in order to induce us to a coraplyance with their construction of the matter, produced a delusive plan taken by their surveyor, whereby the points of land called Summerset Point and Pleasant Point were so laid down as to persuade us, if they could, that they made the mouth of Cathance river." He says, moreover, that the Plymouth Company •• intend to make a point of it and to force us to a complyance and l)y the fixing the southerly' line of Bow- doinham I take it we are foreclosed and must submit to their terms." He concludes by saying that this land '• we have lost absolutely b}' our neglect in the survey' of Topsham and getting the same incor- porated which has been settled 30 years ago."^ There are numerous letters from the proprietors' clerk, all complain- ing of the dela}- in completing the plan of Topsham. - This surve}' was made bv Stephen Gatchell, whom Xo3-es describes as " a poor, miserable, shufling fellow and indebted to everyone." It was completed Oct. 28 of this 3ear.3 jt Xook Gatchell fortj^-seA'en dajs to perform this work with the aid of three assistants. He charged for his work £25 \s. Ad. The inhabitants of Topsham, having suffered long enough from the rival claims of the Pl^'mouth and Pejepscot Companies, from taxation b}' the town of Brunswick, and from the want of power to control whatever turbulent element there might be amongst them, decided to appl}- for an Act of incorporation as a town, and accordingly a petition was this year sent to the General Court, praying for the passage of such an Act. [1766.] On May 29, 17GG, an agreement was made between the Keunebec and Pejepscot proprietors, whereby the southerlv line of the township of Bowdoiuham was made the line between the territory of the two companies, and as compensation for which the former proprie- tors granted to the latter five hundred acres of land "to be hereafter agreed upou." They also allowed one hundred and ninety- acres of land in the possession of John Fulton, on Cathance Point. On June 11, it was mutually agreed that in lieu of the five hundred acres to be allowed to the Pejepscot proprietors, they should have ". 400 acres as laid out on Cobbasecoutee Pond, in Pond Town, so called." This agreement, as amended, was duly and legally confirmed by both par- ties, June 17, 1766.'* ^ Pyepscot Papers. ^Ibid. ^Ibid. *Ibid. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER TIIEM 37 [1787.] At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, held Aug. 13, 1787, Josiah Little was elected as their clerk, in place of Belcher Noyes, deceased. i [1799.] On the 3d of Maj-, of this 3ear, Josiah Little, Esquire, was chosen by the Pejepscot proprietors as their agent, to take care of their undivided interest in the town of Brunswick ; to prosecute any trespassers ; or to dispose of an}' or all of the property as he should judge to be most for their interest. ^ SETTLEMENTS UNDER THE PROPRIETORS. The efforts made b}' the Pejepscot proprietors to settle their lands were, for the most part, quite successful, though the rapidity with which settlers came in varied very much at different times. Many of these earlier settlers, it is said, ran away from England, and upon their arrival in this country changed their names. Between 1717 and 1722 forty-one persons are known to have settled in Brunswick, and there were doubtless others whose names have not been preserved. INLau}- of these settlers, however, forfeited their lots in consequence of their non-fulfilment of the required con- ditions. In 1722 the fourth Indian, or Lovewell's, war commenced, and the situation of the settlers here liecame so disagreeable that they nearly all abandoned their homes, and it was not until about 1730 that the settlement was renewed. Those who are known to have remained are John Minot, Andrew Dunning and his sons, William Woodside and Ebenezer Stanwood and their sons, William Simpson and David Giveen and sons, of Bruns- wick ; and Lieutenant Eaton, John Vincent, Thomas Thorn, James Ross, John Malcom, James McFarland, William Stinson, James, Isaac, and John Hunter, of Topsham. The most of these had garrisons. ^ David Giveen, mentioned above, had been living at Mair Point, but about 1727 he bought three hundred acres of land at Middle Baj' of the proprietors, and moved to the latter place. ^ On June 30, 1733, the proprietors granted to Benjamin Larrabee, gratis, a lot of land in Brunswick, — one hundred acres, — on certain specified conditions of improvement and tenanc}'.^ In September of the following 3^ear, Samuel Woodward paid Ben- jamin Larrabee, agent for the proprietors, £5 towards the purchase of a lot of one hundred acres, situated between Captain Woodside's land and Bungamunganeck, the conditions of the sale being that Woodward was to build a suitable dwelling-house on the lot, and clear 1 Pejepscot Records. 2 Zbid. ^ McKeen, MSS. Lectures. ^Ibid. ^Pejepscot Records, 1, p. 111. 38 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. and inhabit it b}' the last of the following Ma}' (1735), and to pay £13 additional, or forfeit the £5 already paid ; and if there were not one hundred acres in the lot specified, it was to be made up elsewhere. ^ In the year 1738 the township of Brunswick was incorporated as a bod}- politic b}' the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and a consider- able increase at once took place in the number of new settlers. On June 27, 1739, there were thirty-nine individuals who had recently come into possession of lots at New Meadows.- Whether all these persons actually lived upon their lots is unknown, but doubtless the greater number did. There were also, at this time, in other parts of the town, twent3'-nine ^ individuals who were either new settlers or the sons of early settlers who had now become of age. In June, 1740, the proprieters voted to give Benjamin Larrabee a lease of the lands adjacent to Fort George, and also the privilege of the salmon fishery, on such terms as might lie agreed upon by the com- mittee, to whom all such matters were referred.^ Larrabee was at this time the agent of the proprietors, and probably the terms agreed upon with the committee were quite liberal. The following list of the land deeds issued b}' him, while agent, will prove interesting in this connection : — » ISEEMo OF ALL DEEDS OX RECORD MADE BY BENJAMIN LARA- BEE ESQ AS ATTORNEY TO THE PROP«s OF BRUNSWICK AND T0PSHAM.5 Names of the Persons to whom Benj. Larabee Esq atty &c. sold. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 Nathan Adams Jolin Adams William Malcome Robert Spear William Spear . . . , John Malcome John Malcome . . . . John Gyles E.sqr . . Jacob Eaton Henry Gibbs Jonathan Saj^ward . . John Barrows John Adams John Barrows Sa ml Clarke David Given AA'illiam Dunning... Benjamin Thompson Quantity of acres bold. 100 acres 100 " 200 " 200 " 203 " 100 " 100 " 100 " 100 Topsham 95 & 115 poles 200 100 1.35 100 2(H) 100 200 100 The time when sold. March March March March April Jany Jany Sept March May June July July Octo. May Nov ]May Nov 9th 1737 9th 1737 fith 1737 29th 1738 11th 173H Kith 1737 Kith 1737 fith 1738 24th 1739 20th 1740 19th 1740 15th 1740 28th 1741 ](jth 1741 19th 1742 8 1742 21st 1742 3d 1742 1'he consid- eration. £25 25 10 32 2() 5 5 5 5 25 ( Quit claim a3 ( Parker. 25 25 25 32 10 10 25 ^ Pejepscot Papers. ^Ibid. ^ McKeen, MSS. Lecture. * Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. ^ Extracted from York County Records of Deeds, etc., Jan. 9, 1749, by Daniel Moid- ton, Reg. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLE^IENTS UNDER THKM. 39 Names of the Persons to whom Benj. Larabee Esq atty &c. sold. 19 James Hervey 20 James McFarland 21 James McFailand 22 James McFarlaud 23 John Adams 24 Charles Casedy 25 Thomas Skolfield 26 Benj Bunker 27 PIben Stanwood 28 Isaac Snow 29 Jacob Eaton 30 Jacob Eaton 31 Saml Clarke Jacobs' Admr. 32 Patrick Drummond 33 Benj Bunker 34 Alex Tyler 35 Saml Hinkley 36 Lemuel Gowen Quantity of acres sold. 103 200 206 206 100 100 103 115 206 100 100 74 & 40 rods more or less being Lot No 9 at N. Meadows. 400 100 63 & 112 rods 200 200 100 The time when sold. Octo May June June Nov May May Jany May Nov Nov 24th 1741 28th 1739 23d 1742 23d 1742 3d 1742 7th 1742 26th 1742 12th 1740 19th 1742 3d 1742 28th 1737 Nov 3d 1742 April A pril Jany Octo May Feby 14th 1742 7th 1738 10th 1740 20tb 1740 21 1742 25 1740 The consid- eration. £16 10 10 10 25 25 25 25 30 25 25 25 (56 I Old tenor 25 25 50 50 50 £828 On July 25, 1743, William Woodside, who had lived for some time at Maquoit, received a deed from the First Church in Boston, convej'ed by its deacons, of three hundred and fifty acres of land at the westernmost end of Maquoit, "beginning at mouth of Puggy- muggy River." The price paid was £50. i Although there was a considerable number of settlers in the town at this time, they must have been quite scattered; for in 1747, according to the statement of Joshua Filbrook, there were but two houses to be seen from Fort George. 2 June 19, 1751, Benjamin Thompson, of Georgetown, bought of Rebecca Morely, of Dorchester, Mass., "daughter of Thomas Ste- phens, formerl}' of the eastward parts now called Stephens' Carrying place, or near a place called the Head of Stephens's River," etc., all her interest in her father's lands, "being one sixth part of his estate." ^ In 1752 there were, according to a map of the Plymouth Company of that date, but twenty dwelling-houses in Brunswick. For the location of these houses the reader is referred to the accompanying map, which is reduced from the original : — 1 York County Records, 26, p. 256. 2 Journal of James Curtis in Library of the Maine Historical Society. 3 York County Records, 29, p. 120. PEJEPSCOT PROPPIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. A I REFERENCES TO TE [E F( 3REGOIKG MAP. Topsham. Harpswell Neck. 29. Widow Adams. 1. Gowan Fulton (1749). 30. McNess. 2. 3. Mr. Reed. Samuel Beveridge. 31. McGregory. 32. Willson. 4. Charles Robinson. 33. Whelan. 5. William Vincent. 34. Dyer. G. William Thoms. 7. Jacob Eaton. 35. Hays. 36. A negro. 8. Robert Lithgow. 37. Pinkham. 9. William Malcom. Do. 10. William Thoms, Jr. 38. 39. Widow McCraw. 11. Lieut. Hunter. 12. Captain Willson. 40. 41. Pinkham. Webber. 42. Do. Brunsioick. 43. Do. 44. Stover. 13. Speer. 45. Toothaker. 14. Meeting-house. 46. Allen. 15. Finney. 47. Warren. IG. James Dunning. 48. Watts. 17. Woodside. 49. Mill. 18. Mill. 19. Stanwood. Brunswick. 20. Mill. 50. Starbord. 21. Smart. 51. Skolfield. 22. V. Woodside. 62. Hall (on Sebascodegan Island) 23. Mill. 53. Snow. 24. Captain Minot. 54. Mill. 25. Beverage. 55. Coombs. 26. J. Orr (1742). 56. Mills. 27. Camp. 57. Deacon Hiukley. 28. Giveen. 58. Captain Thompson. 59. Smith. In an estate bill for this year forty-five new names are to be found, but probably many of them are those of the children of parties who had previously settled in town, while some, undoubtedly, were of those who had purchased lots of previous settlers. Some whose names appear on this bill ma}' have resided elsewhere. The town continued to increase in population, however, and about 1760 a number of new citizens moved in, among whom were the families of Stone, Pennell, Melcher, Harding, Weston, Gross, Curtis, and perhaps others.^ McKeen, MSS. Lecture. 42 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In 1771 Robert Goddard moved into town, and Batcheldor Ring settled a little southwest of him, but also in Brunswick. The house of the latter was shortly afterwards burned, and he rebuilt a little far- ther west, and in the town of Durham. Owing to this fact, Bruns- wick lost a small portion of her territor}' when the line between that town and Durham was run.^ A year or two later several Quakers settled in town, near the west- ern line. Some of them had previousl}' been living in Harpswell. Among these new-comers were the families of Jones and Hacker.- The first settlers on the Topsham side of the river all left their homes before the formation of the Pejepscot Compan}'. Between 1717 and 1722, however, thirty-three persons took up lots in Topsham, though many of them, doubtless, not fulfilling the condi- tions required by the proprietors, forfeited their claims. It appears from an entr}' made in 1717 by the propi'ietors' clerk, that the second island going out of Merrymeeting Ba}?- into the Pejepscot River was deeded by Messrs. Miuot and Watts to the Reverend Mr. Baxter of Medfield, Mass., and was thereafter to be known as Baxtei-'s Island. ^ Three ^ears later the proprietors granted to Mr. Baxter " the Island over against Topsham of about twentythree acres," upon condition that he would build two houses on it, and settle two families there who should be able to provide their own subsistence. On July 30, 1720, the proprietors granted to Captain John Gyles the " First Lott of Land in the Township of Topsham, in consideration that he build a suitable dwelling house thereon and by himself or some meet person Inhabit the same for the space of three years," also " Five hundred and fifteen acres l3'ing on Cathance Point opposite thereto." G^des probably did not compl}- with the conditions, as we find that in 1741, the old title to land in Topsham derived through Thomas Gyles was brought forward, and the proprietors, therefore, on Jul}' 21, of this year, "In consideration of five shillings current mone}' of New England, to us in hand paid bj' John G^des, Esq., of a place called St. Georges, in the County of York aforesaid, and in consideration of a quit claim for lands at a place called Topsham, in the Count}' of York aforesaid, signed by said John G^'les and his brethren, baring date the loth of August, A. l5. 1727," transferred to the Gjdes's " a Point of Land containing 60 acres " in Topsham, " bounded south- erh' by Lott number one, easterl}* and Northerly by Menymeeting 1 McKeeii, MSS. Lecture. 2 ma. ^Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. 43 Bay, and westerly by the entrance or mouth of INIudd}- river " ; also, another tract of land " lying Westerly from the former, bounded southerly by Lott Number one, westerly by Cathance Rivei", Northerl}' by land belonging to us, and easterly by Merr^'meeting Ba\- and the entrance of Muddj' River . . . containing 515 acres." ^ This latter tract of laud appears to be the same as that mentioned in the former deed. On June 30, 1721, Samuel York, of Ipswich, relinquished all title to land in Topsham claimed b}' his father, Samuel York, deceased, b}' virtue of an Indian deed, etc., the proprietors granting him thi'ee hundred acres in lieu thereof. About 1781 quite a number of new settlers moved to Topsham. Some fort3'-three persons took up lots this 3ear or a short time previ- ous. As man}- of the names of these persons do not appear in subse- quent lists of settlers, however, it is probable that they either forfeited or sold their lots. Between this date and 1738, some fourteen fam- ilies moved into town. The proprietors about this time especially encouraged settlements in Topsham, as that place was much behind Brunswick in the number of settlers. This was because Topsham was much more exposed to the incursions of the Indians, it having but few strong garrisons."^ [1746.] In 1746 it had only thirty-six settlers, and manj^ of these were afterwards killed by the Indians. There are not more than ten or a dozen of these whose descendants have lived in Topsham during the present century. Some of these settlers removed and settled in the neighborhood of Boston.*^ [1749.] The population of Topsham at this time was "about twenty-five inhabitants." ^ Owing to the attacks of the Indians during what is known as the Spanish, or Fifth Indian war, the settlement at this place became much reduced, so that in 1750 there were but eighteen families remaining.^ In 1752 the number of polls in the Topsham precinct was twenty- eight. The number of dwellings at this time can be seen bj- reference to the map on page 40. In 1757 the population of Topsham had nearly doubled, tlie number of polls being at this time fort^'-nine.^ The whole number taxed in town in 1758 was forty-four.''' ^ Pejepscot Records. 2 Pejej^scot Papers. ^ Ibid 4 Brunsvnck Records in Pejepscot Collection. ^ Massachv setts Historical Collection, 3, p. 142. ^Pejepscot Papers. '^ Ibid. 44 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPS WELL. On November 11, 17G3, the following named settlers near Cathance proposed to bu}- of the proprietors the amount of meadow land artixed to their names, and agreed to pa}^ six shillings per acre. The propri- etors, however, limited the quantity to five acres each. This amount, it is to be presumed, the}' all purchased. The names and amounts desired were as follows : — Hugh Wilson, six acres. James Potter, Jr., eight acres. James Mustard, five acres. John Mallett, six acres. Alexander Potter, six acres. William Alexander, eight acres. Samuel Wilson, ten acres. On June 17, 1766, David Jeffries, of Boston, clerk to the Kenne- bec proprietors, and James Bowdoin, of Roxburj, INIass., a grantee of the same proprietors, deeded to John and William Potter and Gowen Fulton, all of Topsham, all of the land in Bowdoinham claimed by them under their previous deeds from the Pejepscot proprietors.^ [1768.] At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, Jul}' 23, 1768, it was voted to allow John Merrill's claim to land bought of Henry Gibbs, in Topsham. The quantity of land which Merrill held was four hundred acres, which was forty acres more than the amount of his claim, and he was required to account for the overplus at a meet- ing held August 5 ; however, the proprietors gave him fift}' acres in consideration of £39 due him from them. A memorandum in the Pejepscot Records gives the dimensions of several log-houses built in Topsham, about 1738, as follows : " thirty feet long, eighteen feet wide and eight feet high." The earliest transfer of land in Harpswell, after the formation of the Pejepscot Company', of which we have found smy record, was in 1720. On May 20, of this year, Nicholas Cole and Samuel Little- field, of Wells, deeded to Samuel Boone, of Kingston, Rhode Island, one half of Merriconeag Neck, one half of Great Chebeag Island, and one half of Great Island, being the land formerly owned by Nicho- las Cole, Senior, and John Pumngton.^ Boone is not, however, known to have settled in Harpswell. In the year 1727 several new families moved to Harpswell and settled upon the Neck. On the twenty-sixth of Ma}' of this year, Thomas Westbrook, one of the Pejepscot proprietors, deeded to 1 Original deed in our possession. 2 Pejepscot Papers- PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SEITLEMENTS UNDER THEM. 45 Colonel Johnson Harmon, formerly of York, one twenty-fourth part of two thousand acres of land on Merriconeag Neck.^ In October of the samej'ear, Colonel Harmon leased of the Pejepscot proprietors, for seven years, " that farm or tract of land called Merri- coneage Neck in Casco Bay, and so running up to the upper carrying place including y* whole breadth of y^ b^ neck." The proprietors, however, retained the right to settle one or more families on the Neck, without opposition from Harmon. ^ The authorities of Harvard College, however, though defeated in their appeal to the legislature, as stated in the pi'eceding chapter, had not given up their claim to the land, and in January', 1732, they insti- tuted a suit of ejectment against Harmon, in the Court of Common Pleas of the Count}' of York. In October, 1733, a verdict was ren- dered in favor of Harmon. The plaintiffs appealed the case to the Superior Court, which was held in 1737, and it was eventuall}' decided again in favor of Harmon, or rather of the proprietors from whom he leased. Having been four times defeated. Harvard College made no further attempt to recover this propert}'.^ In Dec. 21, 1741, Colonel Harmon deeded all the foregoing land (excepting fifty acres which he had previously sold to John Stover) to his son, Joseph Harmon, of York, together with his dwelling- house, barn, and all other buildings and appurtenances. The price paid was £70 in bills of credit.'' On May 17, 1731, Moses Gatchell leased of the Pejepscot propri- etors, for two 3'ears, the land on Merriconeag Neck, between the Carr^'ing-Place and the land then occupied by Colonel Harmon. ^ At the same date Gideon Conner, then residing on the Neck, leased of the proprietors, for two ^ears, a tract of land having the same bounds as Gatcheirs,^ and it is probable that the two men leased the land together, but each was held by a separate lease. It is possible, however, that Conner was the " Iresh Neighbour " referred to in the following letter : — 'Mereconeag June 25, 1731. Hon*^ : Colo'.' sr : I am still in your posession on y* : upor end of y^ neck but I have there an Iresh Neighbour which pretends to hold pos" : for mr, Porenton by a Leas under his hand as I am sr in 3'ours by Colo" Westbrook And I hope b}- ^-our cosent : I am Redy and will" to sarve your intrust : and desier 3-our Counsel and asistance from time to time : and sr if 3'ou will plese to send me ^ Barrel of Molases ^ Pejepscot Papers. ^Ihid. ^Ihid. *Ibid. ^ Ibid. ^Ibid. 46 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. and one Sytbe 3'ou will greatl}' oblige me : and I will indever to pay you y* next faul who am yours to Cd "Moses Gatchel.''^ There had been but two houses at the upper part of Merriconeag Neck previous to 1741 , as will be seen by the following testimony : — " Hannah Smith Testifj'eth & Saith y' she with her late Husband James Smith lived at y^ upper end of Mereconege Neck where her late Husband & her Father Moses Gatchel Built a House & lived there from June 1731 to 1735 at which Coll Westbrook told us 3' if we liked any place on said Neck better we might Remove to it upon which my late Husband [Smith] & Father [Gatchel] Removed about 1^ mile loer down on s*^ neck & Built a House there where we lived till 1741, as Tenuants to S*^ Westbrook & Comp^ & Built Houses in both Places & further that when her Father Gatchell Removed from the upper House on S*^ neck he Lett it to Nath" Barnes who lived there 2^ years from 1735 & paid my Father Rent for the Same for S*^ West- brook & Comp^ the S*^ Barnes Removing away to Topsham left s'' House in the Posession of W™ McNess for y* S"^ Westbrook & Comp^ — and no persons whatsoever lived on the upper half of S*^ Neck but my Father & M}^ Husband «fe owre Famil3S while we lived there & there was no sign of anj' other habitation nor improve- ment but w'here we first lived," ^ The proprietors, notwithstanding their devotion to the interests of the settlers, were men who knew how to look out for their own ph^s- ical wants and how to enjoy good living. It appears that on the 8th of August, 1733, the proprietors leased to William Cad}' and his associates, for seven years, the " island called Sebasco Deggin," with libert}' to use and occupj' it ; and they also agreed to deliver to Cady the frame of a house, then in the possession of Colonel Harmon, and to furnish Cady with four thousand feet of boards, and with nails sufficient for finishing the house, which Cady was to set up and finish. The proprietors reserved to themselves the right of " improving an}' mine or mineral," which might be discovered on the island, and also the right " to settle a fishery there," or to make other settlements there, which should not, however, interfere with the improvements of Cad}- and his associates. Cady agreed to erect and finish, forthwith, at least one dweUing- house on the island, and occupy it before the next winter, and that before the next summer he would settle, at least, three other famiUes 1 Pejepscot Papers. * Ibid. PEJEPSCOT PROPRIETORS. SETTLEMENTS UNDER THEM. 47 besides his own on the island, and keep off all intruders from settling without leave, in writing, from the proprietors, and from cutting wood or grass there. He further agreed to clear the fresh meadows, and to clear and break up and bring to tillage and English grass as much of the land upon the island as he and his associates could (the proprietors finding grass-seed) , and to endeavor to raise a nursery of fruit trees and an orchard ; and as an annual rental he agreed to pay to Adam Winthrop, or his heirs in Boston, " for the use of him and the rest of the Lessors twenty good fat geese., or in failure thereof £5 per annum, in bills of credit on this Province."^ Although his name is not mentioned in this deed, there is little doubt that William Condy was one of Cady's " associates," as a blank form of a deed in the Pejepscot papers mentions Condy's name in coiniection with that of Cady. The harbor known as " Cundy's" was undoubtedly named for William Condy. It will be noticed that this lease reserves the right to the proprie- tors to allow other settlers on the island. And in 1737 or 1738 some twent}' families were settled there. An attempt was made to re-settle the island for the purpose of building a fishing-town. Mr. Nathaniel Donnel, of York, selected a spot which was to be divided into small lots of an acre each, for the convenience of dwelling-houses, with a convenient harbor adjacent. The project was abandoned on account of the increased hostilit}' of the Indians. The harbor referred to was probably Cond^-'s, as the land on the western shore of that harbor is well calculated for the site of a village.^ Dec. 23, 1742, Joseph and Clement Orr, of Pemaquid, turners by trade, bought of Henry Gibbs, of Boston, a tract of land at the northerly end of Merriconeag Neck, containing one hundred and twenty-two acres. ^ The next day they received from the same partj^ another tract of sixt^'-nine acres near the former,^ and the " southeast prong" of Merriconeag Neck, containing, by estimation, two hundred acres. ''^ In 1743 Richard Jaques, of North Yarmouth, bought one hundred acres of land, on Little Sebascodegin (Orr's) Island. ^ He is believed, therefore, to have been the first purchaser of land on this island, though tradition has it that a man by the name of Fitzgerald was the first occupant of the island. What disposition he 1 Pejepscot Papers. 2 McKeen, in Ilarpswell Banner. 3 York County Records, 20, p. 201. •^Ibid., 262;., 202. ^Ihid., 28, J7. 99. ^Ibid., 25, p. 112. 48 HISTORY OF BliUNSWICE, TOPSHAM, AND IIAEPSWELL. made of this property is unknown, but the whole ishmd afterwards came into the possession of Honorable William Tailer, of Dorchester, Mass., and of Honorable Elisha Cook, of Boston, whose heirs sold it in 1748 to Joseph Orr.^ Joseph Orr had previousl}' been living on Merriconeag Neck, but after he purchased the island he, with his brother Clement and sons, moved on to it and erected a garrison- house. The island has since gone by his name. In his purchase of half of the island from the heirs of William Tailer, Orr did not secure the signature to his deed of one of the daughters, the wife of Reverend Matthew B^des, of Boston, who accordingl}' put in her claim to a share. In consequence of this claim, on July 22, 17G0, Orr set oft" and released to her one tenth part of the island, and received a quitclaim of the remainder. ^ On October IGth of this 3'ear, Joseph Orr deeded the whole of his propert}' on this island to his brother Clement as a life estate, and to his heirs after him. In case of the death of Clement's heirs it was to revert to the heirs of Joseph. ^ In 1755 there were on Sebascodegan Island, sixteen persons, and on Merriconeag Neck, six persons, who, living north of the Yar- mouth line, were taxed in Brunswick. The number of settlers in these three towns, during the first half of the last century-, is so large as to prevent a mention of their names in this connection, and a list of these settlers is therefore given in the Appendix. The doings of the proprietors, which are not given in this, will be found in their appropriate connection in other chapters. ^ York County Records, 35, pp. 31, 32. 2 Ibid., p. 232. 8 Original deed, in possession of S. Furinton. rERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1G75-1760. 49 CHAPTER IV. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-1780. In the earliest 3-ears of the Pejepscot settlement the whites were few in number, and although they oftentimes, doubtless, excited the jealous}' and even the personal animosity of the natives, still, on the whole, \hey conducted themselves with sufficient caution to prevent any outbreak. For a few years previous to 1675 the ill-feeling and jealousy on the part of the Indians had been increasing and was par- ticularly- directed against Thomas Purchase, who was thought by them to have charged unfair prices, and otherwise to have overreached them in trade. The custom of the English at this time was, as is said by an earl}' writer, "first to make them [the Indians], or suffer tlieia to make themselves, drunk witli li(niors. and then to trade with them, when they may easily be cheated both in what they ])ring to trade, and in the liquor itself, being one half or more nothing but spring water, which made one of the Androscoggin Indians once com- plain that he had given an hundred pound for water drawn out of Mr. P. his well." ^ KING PHILIP'S WAE. 1G75-1G78. The animosit}' of the natives culminated in an outbreak in 1675. The war commenced in the Plymouth Colon}', June 24, 1675. By September the fourth or fifth, hostilities commenced at Pejepscot. On that day, a party of aljout twenty Indians went to Purchase's house and pretended to his wife that they wished to trade. Discover- ing, however, that her husband and son were both absent, they gave up all furtlier disguise, and proceeded to rob the house. They took what weapons, i)Owder, and liquor they could find, rii)ped up the feather- beds for the sake of the ticking, killed a calf and several sheep, and proceetled to make merry. Purchase's son returned home while this was going on, and being discovered by the party, was obliged to ^ Drake, Hubbard's Indian Wars, p. 256. 50 IIISIORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS yVELL. flee for his life. He was followed for some distance by an Indian with a gun, but succeeded in making good his escape. The party offered no violence to any one in the house, but told thein that '■'■ others would soon come and treat them worse." Some few days later, a part}' of twenty-five settlers, having collected for the purpose, went in a sloop and two boats to the New Meadows River, near to the house of Mr. Purchase, to gather and secure the growing crops, and also to recon- noitre. Here they found a number of Indians pillaging the neighbor- ing houses. In attempting to get between the Indians and the woods, they came upon three of their spies. One of these, attempting to reach the river, they shot. The second was wounded, but escaped across a stream to a canoe. The third escaped and gave the alarm. The Indians, however, remained concealed until the corn was all gath- ered and the boats loaded, when they suddenly gave their war-whoop, rushed upon them, wounded several, and carried ofl" the boat-loads of corn in triumph. ^ Some time the next 3'ear Purchase's house was burned and he was compelled to leave.- The war now having fairl}' opened, the settlers were all obliged to flee, and the Indians, emboldened by their success, " sought trophies for the tomahawk and scalping-knife in every direction, at the door of ever}^ plantation" throughout the Province of Maine. The Androscoggin Indians were the most active of all the tribes, and it was thought, in 167G, that if a treaty could be effected with them there would be a general peace with the Eastern tribes. ^ This could not be accomplished this year, however, and so the General Court, in 1677, ordered Majors Waldron and Frost, with one hundred and fifty men, sixty of whom were Natick Indians, to the Kennebec, with instructions "■ to subdue the Indians in those parts, and deliver the English captives detained in their hands." The force landed at Mair Point, Feb. 18, 1077. The}' were imme- diately hailed b^- an Indian party, among whom were Squando and Simon, " the Yankee-killer." After some preliminary questions, Waldron inquired of Simon whether they desired peace. The latter answered, " Yes, and we sent Mugg to Boston for that purpose; he told us you'd be here." Upon being asked if they would release their English captives, Squando replied, " I will bring them in the afternoon." Nothing further was seen of them, however, until the 1 Williamson, History of Maine, 1, p. 520 et seq. '^ Maine Historical Oolhction, 3, p. 315. ^ Drake, Book of Indians, 3, p. lOi. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-1700. 51 next da}' at noon, when fourteen canoes were seen up the ba}', jxilling for the shore, and soon a house was seen in flames, and the Indians appeared and challenged Waldrou's soldiers to tight. INIajor Frost then attacked them and killed and wounded several. Another parley- was then held. On being asked wh}' they had not brought their captives, as they had agreed to do, and why they had fired the house and chal- lenged the soldiers, the Indians replied, through their interpreter, that ' ' the captives were a great wa}' off, and that the snow and cold weather had prevented their coming, that the house took fire by acci- dent, and that the soldiers fired at the Indians first." Major Waldron, finding himself unable to recover the captives or to fight the Indians with advantage, sailed for the Sagadahock.^ This was the last engagement of this war that occurred in this vicinity, though peace was not declared until April 12, 1G78. Al- though in the first three months alone of this war, eighty persons were slain between the Piscataqua and the Kennebec, it is not known that any of the settlers in the Fejepscot tract were killed. KING WILLIAM'S WAK. 1688-1099. The peac3 concluded with the Indians in 1678 lasted just ten years, when, from various causes, the}' became excited and again took the war-path. Governor Andros was at first inclined to adopt pacifica- tory measures, but at last, finding war inevitable, he took the opposite course, and in November, 1688, he made an expedition into the P2astern conntr}-, as it was then called, and established garrisons. At the time of his visit to Fejepscot, •• the weather was exceedingly cold, the snow deep, and the travelling exceedinglj- tedious." AVhile here he caused a fort to be erected under the charge of Anthon}- Brockhold, one of his counsel,- and garrisoned it with a part of his arm}-.^ This fort stood on what is now Maine .Street, a few rods south of Bow Street, and about where the store of J. T. Adams & Co. is now. The first attack in this vicinity was in the spring of 1690, when the fort was taken by the savages. In September, Colonel Benjamin Cliurch was sent from Massachusetts with between three hundred and four hundred men, to drive them off" from Brunswick and other places in this region, and, if possible, recover their captives. He landed his force at Maquoit, Sept. 13, and marched them by night towards Fort Andros. They surrounded the fort, but at daybreak it was discov- ered that the enemy had left shortly before their arrival. The soldiers 1 Williamson, History of Maine, 1, 2^P 5^5. 546. 2 McKeen, MSS. Lecture. ^ Williamson, History of Maine, 1, p. 590. 52 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. found some plunder and a barn of corn. The}' left the same day for an Indian fort on the Androscoggin. After capturing the latter and releasing several prisoners, they returned to Maquoit, went aboard their vessels, and sailed for Winter Harbor. ^ Church had no conflict with the Indians at Brunswick as stated by Cotton Mather, the contest referred to having occurred at Cape Elizabeth.2 In September, 1G91, Captains King, Sherburne, March, and Wal- ton landed, with their several companies of Massaclni setts militia, at Maquoit and visited Fort Andros, expecting to find some Indians there. The.y found none, however, and accordingly returned imme- diately to Maquoit. While re-embarking, they were assaulted by a strong force of Indians who had been watching them. In this skirmish Captain Sherburne, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, was killed.-^ The war lasted some eight 3'ears longer, but there was no fnrther skirmishing in this vicinity. Probal)ly the settlers had all left. A conference between the commissioners from Massachusetts and the sagamores of the Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, and Saco tribes was held at Mair Point, and a previous treaty of peace, which had been made at Pemaquid, Aug. 11, 1G93, was ratified between them on Jan. 7, 1099. This treaty quieted the fears of the settlers and encour- aged those who were engaged in the resettlement of Maine. QUEEN ANNE'S WAR. 1703-1713. Peace with the Indians lasted only about four years. In 1703 the third Indiait war commenced. Although during this wai" engagements and skirmishes were quite frequent in the vicinit}' and to tiie westward of Falmouth, there is no evidence that there was an}' contest in this vicinit}'. The statement made by the late John McKeen,'' that there was an attempt to undermine the fort here, in 1702, by a Frenchman named Bobazier and five hundred Indians, is an error. The fort referred to was at Casco, the present city of Portland.^ In 1704 some companies from JNIassachusetts and New Hampshire went East, " Indian hunting," as it was termed, and one Peter Rogers, of NewbuiT, stated that he came to Pejepscot in a compan}' of some twenty or thirty. That it was in the winter time, and that they trav- 1 Dexter, " Church' s Expeditions against the Eastern Indians," pp. 50 to 50. 2 McKeen, Manvscript Lecture. 3 Williamson, History 0/ Maine, \,p. 028. * Pejepscot Papers. McKeen, MSS. Lecture. * Penhalloio, p. 20. Willis's History of Portland, p. 315. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-1700. 53 elled with snow-shoes from there to Rocamoco,^ or Jaj Point, now Canton. No mention is made of his meeting with either settlers or savages. LOVEWELL'S WAR. 1722-1725. Although during Queen Anne's war there is not known to have been any conflict in this vicinity, yet the whole Province was in such a disturbed state on account of the Indian troubles that the Pejepscot proprietors, in 1715, felt it necessary to offer the following. EKCOUKAGEMENT.S TO EnLIST. "Wee the Subscribers Proprietors of the Lands in Brunswick & Topsham, do offer tiie following encouragements to such as shall Volun- tarily enlist themselves as Souldiers to garrison the Fort at Brunswick. " 1 That immediately upon their enlistment, the}' shall enter into Pay & Subsistence. "2. That the Military Service expected from them at present is like to be so small as to permit them, besides their wages, to earn mone}' by Labour. "3. Tliat during the time of the Forts Repair, we will employ them all as Labourers, (except the Warders), & pay Two Shillings a day for everj- day they work. "4. That afterwards we will endeavour to find employment for them, by splitting staves, shingles or clapboards or any other Service that may prove beneficiall to us & them. " .5. That when they have served six months as Souldiers if they desire to become Inhabitants, we will endeavour to obtain a General Order from His Ex^y the Govern"" to release them, they finding another man in their room, & when so dismist they shall have One hundred Acres of Land granted to each of them equall with the other Inhabi- tants & on the same Terms & conditions with them. " f). If the}' don't see cause to settle there, when they have served twelve months, we will use our endeavour to obtain His Ex''^ Favour to get them discharged, which we hope we shall be able to accomplish. " Approved by the Governour & Signed by several of the Proprietors. "Boston, Aug. 3d, 1715." The proprietors, at a meeting held the thirtieth of the same month, voted to provide a free passage in a sloop to Brunswick and Tops- ham to the enlisted soldiers. ' McKeen, Manuscript Lecture. 54 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. The fourth Indian, called the Three Years' or Lovewell's War, com- menced in this Yicinit\', June 13, 1722, by a part}' of sixty Indians in twenty canoes appearing at Merr3-meeting Ba}', on the north side, perhaps near Pleasant Point or Fulton's Point. They captured nine entire families, but released all except tive men, — Hamilton, Hanson, Trescott, Love, and Edgar, — whom the\' detained as hostages for the safe return of the four Indians in the hands of the F^nglish at Boston.^ In June or July of this year, they made an attack upon the settle- ment at Brunswick, which they set fire to and entirely destroyed. Several citizens were also taken prisoners. Mr. David Dunning and another soldier were on the plains at the time, and when about where the First Parish Meeting-House now is, their attention was arrested b}' an unusual noise. The}- looked among the bushes and discovered a large number of Indians about the house of Thomas Tregoweth, and just moving away towards the fort. Mr. Dunning went to his home at Maquoit. but the soldier ran towards the fort, giving the alarm as he went. He was fired at, but escaped. Some of the citi- zens who were captured were cruelly murdered, and the houses were rifled and burned. In regard to the fate of Thomas Tregoweth nothing is definitely known. ^ After their work of destruction was accomplished the Indians re- paired to a dwelling on Fish-House HilP for purposes of revehy. They were soon dislodged, however, put to flight, and the house par- tially destroyed by a chain-shot from the cannon in the fort. This fort was not Fort Andros, but a stone fort named Fort George, which was built in ITIT) b}' the Pejepscot proprietors, and which stood quite near the site of the former. The Indians took their boats and went with their captives to Pleasant Point. Captain Gyles sent Samuel Eaton, with a letter done up in his hair and covered with an eel-skin, to let Colonel John Harmon, who was stationed at Arrowsick, know of the attack, and that the Indians were on their way to Pleasant Point. "^ Harmon, discovering the village to be on fire, concluded that the Indians had made an attack upon it, and at once, before the message from the fort had reached him, manned two whale-boats, and, accompanied by Major Moody, proceeded with muffled oars up the river. It was night when he entered Merrymeeting Bay. Perceiving the fires of the Indians upon Pleasant Point, he carefully approached and noiselessly landed. 1 Williamson, History of Maine, 2, p. 114. ~ McKeen, MsS. Lecture. 3 f)n Water Street, near the present residence of ^liss Narcissa Stone, *MvKeen, Mamiscript Lecture. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-1760. 55 Ascending the banks, he found a large number of Indians lying before their fires, all sleeping very soundly, being much fatigued by the labors of the day and their subsequent revehy. His men imme- diately arranged themselves, fired into them, and killed sixteen or eighteen, and took some pnsoners, though some, doubtless, escaped. A few of the Indians, who were some little distance off, alarmed by the report of fire-arms, fired at them, but without doing any harm. Harmon, on his return to his boats, found the body of Moses Eaton, of Salisbury, Mass., whom the Indians had first tortured by depriv- ing him of his tongue and cutting off his arms and legs, and had then killed. As no one of the party was shot at the time of the attack, Eaton must have been taken captive while separated from his comrades. His body was buried near the spot.i An account of this affair has been preserved in doggerel rhyme Harmon is represented on tlie bank of the river, watching the Indians sleeping before their fires. It is introduced here as a specimen of the literature of the times : — " Oh, the sweet aud pleasant morning While we around tliem stood, But oh ! tlie dreadful and grievous groaning, Englishmen lying iu their blood. ' C;ome,' said valiant Colonel Harmon, 'This, their neglect, is our gain; Therefore let us fall upon them, — Our cause is good we will maintain.' Then on them we fired two volleys. And, with haste, we made away. For fear the Indians would surround us, And we should not get away. Some did say that we did kill thirty, Others say that we did kill more; The number to us is uncertain, I believe we hardly killed a score." * This attack upon the settlement at Brunswick is supposed to have been specially in retaliation for that upon Norridgewock, the preced- ing year, by Colonel Westbrook.^ Early in August, 1724, "Captains Harmon, Moulton, Brown, and Beau were now preparing for Norridgewock, with two hundred men 1 Williamson, History of Maine, 2, p 116 According to McKeen (Pejepscot Papers), Moses Eaton was son of Hamuel Eaton, of Brwiswick, who then lived about where the Rowdoin Hotel is noiv. '^Pejepscot Papers. ^ Maine Historical Collections, 3, p. 311. 5G HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, 'lOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ill seventeen whale-boats. After they landed at Triconnick, they met with Bomazeen at Brunswick (who had slain an Englishman some days before), whom they shot in the river, as he attempted to make an escape. They afterwards killed his daughter, and took his wife cap- tive ; vi\\o gave an account of tlie state of the enem}', which encour- aged them to march on ^ briskl}'." No further fighting is known to have occurred in this vicinity until 1725. On April 13th of that jear two Indians captured a man belonging to the garrison at Maquoit, named James Cochran, about eighteen years of age. lie was on the marshes in pursuit of fowl when he was surprised by the two Indians. He was pinioned, taken to the carrying-place, put in a canoe, and carried up to the Ten-Mile Falls. There the Indians made their arrangements for the night. A fire was made and supper prepared. Cochran expected all this time that he would be killed when the savages met some of their companions, and determined, in consequence, to make his escape, if possible. The sec- ond night his bonds were removed, and he was placed between the two Indians to sleep. Each of the savages slept with his hatchet under his head and his gun by his side. Cochran feigned sleep, while in reality he watched ever}- moveni' nt. As soon as he found his captors asleep he rose up. This movement awakened one of them, who, seeing their prisoner apparently suffering from cold and endeavor- ing to warm himself, went to sleep again. When all was again quiet, Cochran took the hatchet from under the head of the one who had waked, and killed him instantly. He killed the other as he was get- ting up. He then scalped them both, took their guns and hatchets, and went down the river in great haste, fearing lest he should meet their companions. In fording a river on the way, he lost a gun and one of the scalps. When he arrived opposite the fort, he shouted, and a boat was sent across for him. He narrated his adventure to Cap- tain Gyles, and some men were sent up the river, wha found the bodies of the dead Indians, and also their canoe which they brought back.- He was both rewarded for his braver}' and promoted in his rank. At this time. Captain John Gyles was in command of the fort, which was crowded with the inhabitants who had gone to it for safety. This war was closed b}' the ratification of a tteaty between the Indians and commissioners on behalf of the government, August 6, 1726. ij e., to Norridgewock. Penhallow' s Indian Wars, p. 102. Query: Bomazeen Island is east of Gur7iet Bridge. Max/ not Bomazeen have been killed there and the name applied to the ishmd in consequence ? — Eds. ' McKcen, MSS. Lecture. Penhallow' s Indian Wars, p. 109. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1G75-I7f)0. 57 SPANISH OR FIFTH INDIAN WAR. 1745-1749. The fifth war with the Indians grew out of the war between Great Britain, France, and Spain, which commenced about 1739, although the formal declaration of it was not made until June. 1744. In anti- cipation of this war, and in expectation that the Indians wonld take part in it, the forts along the coast were put in order and garrisoned. In 1740 the commanding officer of Fort George was furnished with a quantity' of goods, of suital)le kinds, snfflcient to supply the Indians who commonly resorted there. This was done to attach them to the interests of the government. ^ So much reliance was placed upon this method of dealing with the Indians, that in 1742 the government refused to strengthen it at all,- and in 1743 onh' six men were sent to this fort. In 1744 block houses were built in Brunswick and Tops- ham, "all of massive timber," and a regiment, consisting of 1,290 men, was organized and placed under the command of Colonel Sam- uel Waldo, of Falmouth. The proportion of Brunswick and Topsham men in this regiment was fifty. Another regiment was also organized, from the towns west of Falmouth, under the command of Colonel William Pepperell, of Kittery. These soldiers were all, however, dis- charged December 2d, except one hundred men from the latter regi- ment, who were formed into eight guards and stationed between Ber- wick and St. George. Fourteen men scouted from New Marl)lehead to Brunswick, and ten from Topsham to Richmond fort. There was a block house with a company of soldiers at Maquoit, under command of Captain AVilliara Woodside. There were also storehouses and other buildings there. ^ In 1745 a call was made for men to serve in the expedition to Louisburg. This expedition was very popular in this vicinity, and many persons enlisted, including some of the principal and most promising young men in each of the towns. From twent^'-five to thirty- men went from Brunswick, as many more from Ilarpswell, and a number from Topsham. It is said that in Brunswick a day of fast- ing and pra^'er was held before any soldiers enlisted, so unwilling were the people to allow their own capability of defence against the Indians to be weakened. The Ilarpswell forces were commanded by Richard Jaques, the same who shot Sebastian Rale at Norridgewock. During the continuance of the Louisburg campaign, the settlers were contiuuall}- alarmed for their own safet}', and were calling upon the government to send a military force hither from the West. The ^Massachusetts Records, 1740, p. 481. '^Ibid., 1742, p. 41G. ^McKeen. 58 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPSWELL. glad tidings that Louisbnrg was reduced was received with great jo}', and tlie return of the volunteers, who nearly all came back, was hailed with the utmost enthusiasm. ^ The first outbreak of the Indians in this war occurred at Saint George and Damariscotta, Jul}' 19, 1745/2 July 30 of this 3'ear, a man and a boy, at Topsham, were surprised by the Indians, who knocked them down and beat them with clubs. The man was killed and the boy was scalped and left for dead.-^ About this same time, a mounted man and his horse were shot at New Meadows.^ This was not, however, the first blood shed in this vicinity, as three 3"ears previously Alexander McFarland was killed by the Indians while crossing the Androscoggin River. This was, however, an iso- lated case and may have been due to personal animosity. About the time of the Topsham and New Meadows massacres. Captain Mochus was scouting 5 with his company between Brunswick and Falmouth, and Captain John Gatchell was scouting north of Brunswick. The following is a copy of the Journal of the latter : — " 1747/8 Journal of a March up the Kennebeck Eiver by Capt. John March Gatchell of Buuxswick. " 7 Mett this da}- at Brunswick took allowance of Provision & ammunition but no Rum marcht 6 mile & lodged at Topsham. "'8 Marcht across Merrymeeting Bay 8 Mile & then up Kennebeck River 4 mile to Richmond Fort & bought some Rum to carry with us then la}' down & slept. " 9 Took M"" Call to pilott us to a pond Marcht N. N. AVest ab' 12 Mile & came to a pond about 4 mile long hardly a mile wide the Pond lays N. E. & S. W. a River came & went out both at one end of y^ pond, went up the River that came into y" pond a mile & campt, sent out 2 men about a mile round then sett out our Sentrys & lay down & slei)t. " 10 Marcht np said River 3 mile abt N. W., went one mile N. E. then one mile N by E & came to a small pond about a mile & half long & half a mile wide — Went still by y® River 2 mile N W. then went N. 2 mile & came to a pair of Falls that had an Indian Ware made w'^ stones to catch fish — went up the River G mile about N & 1 Pejepscot Papers. McKeen, MSS. Lecture. 2 Williamson, History of Maine, 2, pp. 215 to 23G. 8 Brake, French and Indian Wars, p. 80. If this lad was Thomas Thorn, he after- wards recovered. — Eds. * Smith's Journal, p. 40. ^ Massachusetts Records, 1745, p. 40. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS. Ifi75-17fi0. 59 came to a large Pond, went 2 mile on the Pond & campt on an Island Sent out 3 men 2 mile round, sett out our Sentrj'S & then la}' down & slept. ^ "11 Marcht across y" pond 3 mile X. b}- E. this pond is about 10 or 1 2 mile long & about 2 or 3 mile wide & has near 20 Islands in it — it lays N. E. & S W. Went four mile N. bv E. & came to a pond about 3 mile long & half a mile wide & trackt some Moose Went N 2 mile & came to a meadow, Went 4 mile N & came to a long meadow then marcht about 4 mile N by W & campt Sent out 2 men that went 2 mile round, sett out our Sentry's then lay Down & slept. "12 Went up a high hill & sent a man up a tree that he see a pond about five mile off, it bore from us E. N. .E. went 3 mile N & came to a pond & a Small River that run N. E. We went N E 2 mile on said River & came to a large pond, it appeared to be 4 mile to y'' South End of y* pond, we went N. up y* pond 6 mile & came to a narrow place & a small Island in y* narrows N N E up to y' head of the pond ab' 5 mile then went into y* woods N. a mile & camp', sent out 3 men about 2 mile round then lay down & slept — it snowed — "13 Rise This INIorning, it being Sabbath day & the Trees very full of Snow we Marcht none only sent some men out on Discover^s they went about 4 mile to a high mountain & went up & see a pond that appeared to be very large it lay east from our Camp, & they see another pond y* lay North from y' large pond, it appeared to be about 4 or 5 mile long they returned to y' Camp and at night we sett out our Sentry, then lay down & slept. "14 Marcht this morning ab' 2 mile & came to that large pond that we see a Sabbath day, this pond appeared to be aljout 15 mile long & about 4 mile wide & lay N" & S", it has about 28 Islands in it went about 12 mile South down y'' pond then went into the woods S. W. & came to a Small River that vented out of that long pond that we went up on Saturday', Went down y* small Hiver about three mile South & came to a pair of Falls that had 3 Indian Wares made w^ stones went still down y*" River it run to y^ eastward 4 mile & campt, sett out our Sentr3's lay down & slept. "15 Went down }•* River 5 mile & crost y* River on y*" Ice the River run Easterl}' went down the River 6 mile & came to another large pond 2 ab' 10 mile long & 2 mile wide it la.y N. E. & 8 W', we crost y* pond at y* S W* end then March* S W 8 mile & came to Ken- 1 These ponds appear to be the Winthrop chain. ^Snow's Pond in Sidney. 60 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. nebeck River, went down 3'^ River a mile & Campt sett out our Sen- trys, and la_y down & slept. ^ "16 It snowed but we went down the River in y® Storm 8 mile «&: came to where y'' Tide flows, ^ went still down 3'* River 20 mile & came to Richmond Fort lay Down & slept. "17 Mareht down said River to Merrvmeeting Ba3' «fe some of the Men gott home. " 18 this da3' the Remainder of our Men gott home. signed " Jo^'ATHAN Philbrook, C?erA\"3 April 23, 1747, Smith writes in his journal, "A scout of men are now out from North Yarmouth, another going out from Purpooduc. We are in the most distressed circumstances, Swarms of Indians being about the Frontier, and no soldiers save Captain Jordan's com- pan3' of fifty men, thirty of whom have been for some time at Tops- ham guarding the government timber." Ma3' 0, of this 3'ear, the Indians shot Mr. Seth Hinkle3', near the garrison of Joseph Smith and Tobias Ham, at New Meadows. The}' were tanners, and Hinkley had been there to get a strap for a cow- bell.^ The following letter, from Isaac Hinkle}', gives a rather more detailed account : — ^ " Brunsavick, May ye G, 1747. " LovEiNG Brother and Sister. " I hope that these few lines will find 3-ou in good health as we that are alive through the tender mercys of God. "God has taken awa3' b3' his providence our brother Seth b3'- the Indians Ma3' y^ 5 da3'. tha3' kiled him about 8 o'clock in the four- noon and scalped him and stript of all his does save onl3- his briches and stockens. tha3' carid awa3' his gon. thare was three men gest back behind a hill in a swamp near a gainst him when he was kiled and thay heard the gons when the Indians fiard at him and one of them said thay have shot sombodv and presentl3' after heard a Larm at Smiths and then tha3' ran out to Smiths and when tha}' came thare tha3' said that Seth was kiled and tha3' went whare tha3- heard the gons and found him Liing in the path tha3' shot about 33 fete at him. The night before the Indians ambush Mr. Ham. 11 of us went to see if we culd find them but we culd not find them, one our and ahalf after tha3' ware sen to go over merremeting hixx into Cathance river. ^ Below Watennlle. ^Augusta. ^ Pejepscot Papers. * McKeen, MSS. Lectwe. 6 Copied from the original in jwssession of II. W. Bryant, Esq., Portland. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1G75-1700. 61 " The Lord has maid a breach upon us and by taking awa}' our brother from us the Lord has be reved father and mother of thare son and us of our brother. 3-eat thaey and we must say with Job the Lord gai^-e and the Lord hath taken away Blessed be the name of the Lord. '• Sister reliance is brought abaed and has lost liur child but she is like to do weal but she has bin near to the gates of death but through the tender mearcies of God she is like to do well. " So I remain your loving brother " Isaac Hinkley. "To Mr. Samuel Scammon Saco." ^ Four days subsequently the Indians fired upon a canoe, containing four persons, as it was coming up through the narrows below Cow Island. The boat contained Mr. and Mrs. Moffitt, William Potter, and William Thorn, a soldier in Topsham. under Captain William Burns. Moffitt and Potter were killed. Thorn had his arm shot off. Mrs. JNIoffitt succeeded, with some assistance from Thorn, in paddling the canoe to the Brunswick side of the river, and thus enabled them both to escape.^ Thorn asked for aid fi-om the General Court, and on May 31, 1748, twelve pounds were allowed him. August 19th a man was wounded somewhere in Brunswick, and a boy taken prisoner. In the early part of September four men were killed and scalped in a corn-field, in Topsham, onh* about twenty rods from the garrison, by twelve Indians. Probably one of these was Richard Grain, said to have been killed August 27th. One of the men had seven bullets shot through his body.^ In the same magazine from which the above extracts were taken occurs the following account : — " Boston, Nov. 16. "We are informed hy Capt Woodside, that on the fifth Instant towards Evening, a Lad about 16 Years old, going out of Brunswick Fort at the Eastward, saw eleven Men dressed with Coats and Hats coming towards him, which he took for Englishmen, till the}- came up to him, when he found them to be Indians, one of which seized him as his Prisoner, which the Lads Father observing from the Fort, dis- charged his Gun (loaded with Swan-Shot) at the Indian and wounded him, upon which he immediately quitted the Lad, who ran towards the Fort, but Avas unfortunately shot down by the other Indians. The 1 Scammon married Mehitable Hinkley. ■^ Williamson, Smith, McKeen, et ah. Massachusetts Rcco7'ds. Vol. 73, pjy. 1G3, 1(54. ^ Historical Magazine, Vols. 9 ayid 10. Extracts from New York Gazette, dated Sept. U, 1747. 62 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. People of the Garrison got the Lad into the Fort alive, but he died of his Wounds soon after : He said the Indian that took him was mor- tally wounded l\y liis Father's Shot, one of which struek him (the Boy) in the Ball of his Hand." In 1748 the Indians made their appearance rather earlier than usual, — on the last of April. A company of soldiers kept open comnuuii- cation l)etween Fort George and Maquoit. They were, however, fre- quently annojed bj' the Indians, who la}- in ambush. On their first appearance this spring, a number of them hid in the bushes on the west side of Mair Brook and fired upon Captain Burns as he was cross- ing the brook with a file of men. They killed him and a Mr. Bragg, and captured a Mr. Werburn, whom they took to Canada. A day or two afterwards a bo}' of Doctor Spear's was watering a horse at a well near the house, when he was fired at, and he and the horse were both killed. 1 May od of this same year, Captain Burnell and one other were killed at Brunswick, and on another occasion Lieutenant Mackburn was killed at the place called " Spawell." ~ Although during the winter of 1 748 there were some prospects of a peace, and the Indians were comparatively quiet, yet troops were kept in service for the defence of the Eastern inhabitants, and twelve men were left to garrison Fort George. A treaty of peace was concluded October IG, 1749. Although the war was now declared at an end, ^-et the Indians had been too much excited to remain perfectl}' quiet, and fi'esh outbreaks and massacres occasionall}' occurred. Earl}' in tlie year 1750 a woman on the old " Skipper Malcora " place in Topsham had died. She was to have been buried one after- noon in jMarch, and a new grave was dug. At the time appointed the house was filled with neighl)ors. The burial services had closed, and the procession formed for the march to the grave, when a snow- squall came up and prevented the burial, which was deferred until the next da}-. The storm was the severest that had been known for many years, and lasted four days. No intei-ment could take place until the fifth day. Some three years afterwards it was ascertained that a large party of Indians, who had been making an unsuccessful foray upon the settlements around Yarmouth, were making their way north, toward the Chaudiere River, when they learned, from a prisoner Avhom they had captured at Flying Point, that a funeral was to take place on ^Smith's Journal, p. 133. - Spmvell was near Mair Brook. Pejepscot Papers. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-1760. 63 the afternoon of the next day, at the graveyard near the upper part of Merrymeeting Bay. The}' resolved to ambush the procession and massacre the whole settlement at one blow. They waited for the fu- neral procession the whole afternoon and the first night. The storm saved the settlers, but nearly destroyed the Indians, who suffered severely. '^ In Julv, 1751, the Indians came upon a part}' of seven settlers who were getting in their hay at New Meadows. These men were at work on the side of the hill north of the railroad at Harding's Station, on the farai now occupied liy Mr. Chapin Weston. The Indians, discovering that the party were some way from their guns, ran and cut off their retreat. This party of farmers consisted of Edmund, Isaac, and Gideon Ilinkley ; Deacon Samuel Whitney and his son Samuel, who was only a boy ; Hezekiah Purington and Samuel Lumbers. Isaac Hinkley was killed while attempting to escape. He fell in the gully at the lower part of the field, south of the railroad track, and his body was not found until the next spring. The rest were all taken prisoners and carried to Canada, where they suffered many hard- ships. They were afterwards exchanged and returned home. The govern- ment provided for their famihes during their captivity.'^ The following memorial to the General Court, of one of the captives, will be read with interest in this connection : — "To THE HoN^^*^ Spencer Phips, Esq Lt. Gov" & Commander in Chief FOR THE Time being. The Hon^'-'= His Majestys Councill & House of Kepresentatives in Gener.vl Court December 4, 1751. The Memokial of Samuel Whitney of Brunswick Humbly Sheweth " That your Memorialist & his Son Samuel, with five more of the Inhabitants, While at work together mowing their Hay, on Wednes- day y*^ 24 day of July last about two o'clock in the afternoon were sur- rounded & sui-prised by nineteen Indians & one Frenchman, who were all armed, & in an hostile manner did seize upon & by Force of Arms, obliged them to submitt their Lives into their hands, and one of our said number, viz. Isaac Hinckley in attempting to make his escape was killed in a barbarous Manner & Scalped. After we were secured 1 The foregoing tradition is from the diary of the late James McKeen, M. D., of Tops ham. 2 Pejepscot Papers. 64 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AXD IIARPSWELL. hy saifl Indians, they destroyed and wounded between 20 & 30 head of Cattle belonging to y*^ Inhabitants, some of which were the prop- erty of 3-onr Memorialist. The said party of Indians were nine of them of Norridgewalk Tribe, one of whom was well known, the other were Canada Indians. That the Norridgewalk Indians appeared more for- ward for killing all the Captives but were prevented by the other Indians. "■ Your memorialist was by them Carried to Canada & there sold for 126 Livres — And the said Indians when the}' came to Canada were new cloathed & had New Guns given them with plenty of Provisions as an encouragement for this exploit. That the Gov"" of the Penobscot Tribe was present when youv memorialist was sent for to sing a Chorus, as is their custom of using their captives. & manifested equal Joy w"^ the other Indians, that took them. And the Norridgewalk Tribe had removed from Norridgewalk & were now sett down on Canada River near Quebec, supposed to be drawn there by the Influence of the French. These things your memorialist caunott omitt observing to y"' Honours, and his Redemption was purchased by one ]Mr. Peter Lit- tlefield formerly' taken a captive & now resident among them, to whom 3^our memorialist stands indebted for said 126 Livres being the price of his Liberty, which when he had so far obtained, he applied to y® Go'V'ern'' of Canada for a Pass, who readil}' granted it, that his Return to Boston was b}' way of Louisbourgh, when said Pass was taken from him liy the lord Intendant, on some Pretence which lie could not obtain of him again. ^ Your memorialists son yet remaining in Captivit}' among the In- dians with three more that were taken at y'' same time, and he has a wife and 8 children under ditlicult circumstances by reason of this mis- fortune. "Your memorialist having thus represented his unhappy sufferings to this Ilon^'* Court humbly recommends his Case to the Compassion of this Hon*"'* Court hoping the}' will in their great Goodness provide for y* Redemption of his Son & enable him to answer his obligation to said Mr. Littlefield, who was so kind to pay for his Ransom. Your memorialist being in no Capacity to answer that Charge as thereby he is reduced to great poverty otherwise grant him that Relief as in their Wisdom & Goodness shall seem best — " Your memorialist as in duty bound shall ever pray &c "Samuel WnirNEY." On the back of this paper is the following indorsement : — PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-1760. 65 > returned. y ) " 1751. Captives Taken. " Hez. Purington Sam '11 Whitne}' Edm'^ Hinkley Gideon Hinkley Samuel Lombard Samuel Whitne}' Jun"" returned. Isaac Hinkley killed. "July 24th 17r)l."i There is a tradition that the friends of young Hinkley, supposing that he was carried off by the Indians, did not search for liim. Early in the spring of the following ^-ear, it was noticed that a dog, which had belonged to Hinkle3% went ever}- dny to tlie gulh' where he fell. The dog was followed and the remains were thus discovered, but they had been so long exposed to the weather and to the ravages of wild beasts that the}- were in such a condition as to be unrecognizable by dress or features, and it was onl}' by a peculiar string found in one of the shoes that the remains were identified. FRENCH, OR SIXTH INDIAN WAR. 1754-17G0. When the last of the series of Indian wars commenced, in 1754, the government of Massachusetts deemed it unnecessarj- to retain Fort George any longer, but voted the sum of £470 towards building a fort at the Ten-Mile Falls instead, and for other military purposes. '^ Tliis action, so far as the fort was concerned, was premature. Early this j'ear, Adam Hunter, of Topsham, received a commission as captain, with authority to raise an independent company. The fol- lowing is a copy of the commission : — " PltOVISCE OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY. "William Shirley Esq., C.*ptain-genekal and Governor-in-chief [l. s.] in & OVER HIS Majesty's Province of y" Massachusetts Bay IN New England &c. " To Adam Hunter, Gentleman, Greeting: "By virtue of y* power & authority, in & by his Majesty's Royal Commission to me granted to be Captain General, &c., over this his Majesty's Province of y* Massachusetts Ba}- aforesaid ; I do (by these ^Pejepscot Papers. "^Massachusetts Records, \1M, p 325. 5 Q6 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. presents) reposing especial trust and confidence in 3'onr loyalty, cour- age, and good conduct, constitute & appoint you to be a Captain of an Independent company of fifteen volunteers forthwitli to be raised in y"" town of Topshani & parts adjacent in y*" County of York ; for marching upon any sudden alarm to y* relief & protection of any neiglibouring English Fort or settlement (mentioned in y* instructions herewith s[ent]) which shall be attacked or molested by Indians ; &. for cutting off their retreat. " You are therefore carefully & diligently to discharge y* dut}* of a captain in leading, ordering & exercising said Compan}^ in Arms, both inferiour officers and soldiers, & to keep them in good order & disci- pUne ; hereby commanding them to obey 3'ou as their captain — & 3^ourself to observe & follow such orders & instructions, as 3'ou shall from time to time receive from me, or y^ corainaader in chief for y^ time being, or other your supcriour officers for his Majesty's service, according to militar}' rules & discipline, pursuant to y^ trust reposed in 3'ou. " Given under ni}' hand & seal at arms at Boston, the fourth day of March, in ^^ twenty seventh year of ^^ Reigii of his Majesty King George y*' Second, Annoq : Domini, 1754." [Signed] W. Shirley. By His Excelleucj^'s Coiuinaud. [Signed] J. AVii.lard Serr'i/.^ Hostilities commenced in this vicinity, Maj' 9, 1756. On that da}' a party of Indians assembled on the high lands of Topsham, con- certed their plans, and agreed to meet there on their return. They divided into two parties. One party was to go to Flj'ing Point, and the c||;her to Maquoit, Middle Ba}', and New Meadows. The second party skulked about Maquoit for a while and then went to Middle Ba}', where they looked into the house of John Giveen, who, with his wife, had gone to meeting at Harpswell. In the afternoon, while the Indians la}' concealed in the bushes at Smith's Brook, three men — Abijah Young, and John and Richard Starbird, who were on their return from meeting at New Meadows — passed by. These men belonged, probably, to Captain Samuel Goodwin's company, which scouted between Fort George and Maquoit.^ They were well armed. The Indians darted from their concealment and fired at them. In 1 Copied from the original, Sept. 23, 1833, by I.ithgow Hunter, of Topsham. 2 Pejepscot Papers. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-1760. 67 tlieir surprise and fright, the men dropped their guns and ran. Young was wounded and carried otf a prisoner. The other part}' of Indians ai)peared Sunday-, at daj'light, at the house of Thomas Means, at Flying Point, in what is now Freeport. This w'as a fortified house aud the doors were securely fastened. The Indians, however, battered it open bj- means of a log and thus effected an entrance. Thomas Martin, the father of Captain Matthew, was asleep in his chamber, and being so suddenly aroused was unable to find his gun, and consequently remained in concealment. One of the children concealed herself in the ash-hole. This daughter, Alice, after- wards married Mr. Clement Skolfield, eldest son of Thomas, and w^as the mother of Captain George Skolfield. Mr. Means, his wife, child, and wife's sister. Miss M0II3' Finne}', were taken out of the house. Mr. Means was held by the arms between two stalwart In- dians, while a third one shot him through the breast and scalped him. While this was being done, Mrs. Means, with a child in her arms, ran into the house, closed the door, and placed a chest against it. The Indians, on their return to the house, finding the door refastened, pointed a gun through a hole and fired at her. The ball passed through her breast, killing the infant in her arms. They succeeded in getting into the house again, and while they were in the entry, Mar- tin, who had found his gun, fired down through liis chamber-floor and wounded one of them. This frightened them off and the}' left the place, taking with them the wounded Indian and Miss Finney, who was heard crying loudly for rescue. She was carried off in her night- clothes. When they got to the hill in Topsham they were met by the second party, who had Young a prisoner. The latter advised Miss Finue}' to seize the first blanket she could. She succeeded in getting and retaining one. The subsequent adventures of this lad}', though interesting, are not so exciting as what has been related. The Indians took their prisoners through the wilderness to Quebec. Here Miss Finney was sold to a farmer and put to work in the field. The farmer, not satisfied with her work there, afterwards put her in his kitchen. While here, she attracted the attentions of a French- man. Her master, in consequence, being displeased, used to lock her in her chamber when she was not at work. Not many months after this. Captain McClellan, of Falmouth, was at Quebec with a cartel of exchange. Having been formerly acquainted with Miss Finney, he sought after and finally found her. A time and mode of escape were agreed upon. At the time fixed he went to her window and threw her a rope. She let herself down, escaped to his vessel, and after a 68 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. fair voyage arrived at Portland. Slie afterwards married the man who had been so instrumental to her release. ^ Young obtained his liberty in about a 3'ear, but died in Halifax of the small-pox. ^ In 1756 a garrison was built in Topsham and the defence of it was given to Captain Lithgow.^ On May 18, 1757, a party of seventeen Indians wa3'laid Captain Lithgow and a party of eight men, at Tops- ham, and had a short but sharp engagement with them. Two of Lithgow's part}' were wounded and two of the Indians were killed.'* Disheartened at the result, the savages withdrew, taking with them the dead bodies of their companions. The}' afterwards, however, as the}' went up the river, took their revenge by killing two white men.^ Shortly after this event John INIalcom and Daniel Eaton were going to Maquoit for salt hay, or were returning witli some, when they were waylaid by some Indians. Malcom escaped, but Eaton received a bullet in his wrist, was captured, and was carried to Canada, where he remained about a year. He was the son of Moses Eaton who was killed at Pleasant Point in 1722.*' According to another account, he was the son of Samuel Eaton, of Salisbury, Mass ^ Eaton was cap- tured by the famous Indian chief, Sabattis, who sold him for four dollars. The only food they had to eat, on their way to Canada, was a par- tridge which Sabattis shot, and of which he gave Eaton all the better part, reserving for himself only the head and entrails, which he ate with apparent relish. Years after (about 1800), Sabattis passed through Brunswick, and while there entered the store of John Perry, which was on the site of the store now occupied by Barton Jordan. Quite a crowd of villagers collected to see the old chief, and Dean Swift, then a lad of eight years, was sent to inform Daniel Eaton, who was then an old man, that Sabattis was in the store. Eaton, who was at work piling shingles for Colonel AYilliam Stanwood in what is now the yard of the estate of the late A. C. Robbins, Esquire, cam^ to the store, and was at once recognized by Sabattis, who seemed to be really glad to see him. At the request of some of those in tlie store, Eaton drew up his sleeve to show the buckshot in his arm, wliich were fired by Sabattis at the time of Eaton's capture. Sabattis looked at the arm with reluctance, saying, " That long time ago ; war time too." ^McKeen, MSS. Lecture. Mctssachuselis Historical Collections, 4 Ser. Vol. 5, p. 415. 2 Williamson, History of Maine, 2, p. 320. 3 Seivull, Ancient Dominions of Maine, p 306. 4 Williamson, History of Maine, 2, p. 325. ^ Seioall, Ancient Dominions of Maine, p. 308. ^Pejepscot Papers. "> McKeen, MSS. Lectvre. PERIOD OF THE INDIAN WARS, 1675-17(50. 69 After a short but friendly cliat with Eaton, Sabattis shook hands and left the store and went on his wa}'.! Although a treaty of peace was not made until the spring of 1760, 3'et the war had virtuall}- ceased at this time, and accordingly the fort was dismantled, and on Dec. 19, 1758, was leased by the proprietors, to whom it had reverted. These Indian wars occupied a period of nearly eighty-five years, and during nearly all this time the settlers were accustomed, at every alarm, to congregate in the fort at Brunswick or the block house at Maquoit, though towards the close many were in garrisons in other parts of the town and in Topsham. At times these defences were so crowded that temporary booths and camps were made outside of, but near to them. There were but few garrisons in Harps well, as from its local situation it was not subject to assaults by the Indians.^ There were a few other cases of massacres and violence on the part of the Indians, besides those which have been related, but accounts of them are, for the most part, entirelj' traditional and indefinite, both as to dates and localities, and often as to the individuals concerned in them. An account of the maimers and customs of life at this period belongs to another chapter, but one tradition is here given to show the expedients to which those in the fort, during the raids of the Indians, were often obliged to resort. It is said that at one time, when the inhabitants were obliged to seek refuge in Fort George, the}' had no neighbors nearer than at Bath, then called "• The Reach." This place was distant fifteen miles h\ water, which was the only safe way of communicating between the two posts. In Fort George was a dog which had been taught to carrj' letters and which would take one to Bath in about two hours' time. On arriving there he would howl until he gained admission to the fort at that place, and would receive an answer, which he would as speedily fetch back to Brunswick. At last he was killed by an Indian. The garrisons were now deprived of this means of communication. An active and zealous youth undertook, however, to take the place of the four-footed messenger. " I," said he, " will carry your messages by water." For two successive sum- mers this brave j'outh went between the two posts, swimming a great part of the way. He went chiefly in the night-time, resting by day in the rushes that grew around the shores of Merrymeeting Bay. At 1 Reminiscences of Dean Swift. 2 Memoranda of Rev. Samuel Eaton, in Pejepscot Papers. 70 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HABPSWELL length he was captured b^' the Indians and carried to Canada. From the latter country he soon, however, made his escape, and returned to Fort George, where he soon " resumed his swimming mail route." He was afterwards captured a second time by the famous Indian chief, Sabattis. What further became of him is unknown.^ '^Putnam, Description of Brunswick, Me., by a gentleman from South Carolina, p. 32. PART II. TOPOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. Map of Bruns>Arick and Topsham Villages in 1802. REFERENCES TO THE FOREGOING MAP. 1. Mrs Hinkley. 43. James Thompson. 2. James Purintou. 44. Saw mill. S. Humphrey Thompson. 45. Grist mill. 4. Capt. Nathl. Melcher. 46. Saw mill. 5. Dr. Beuj. J. Porter. (Resi- 47. Saw mill. dence.) 48. Waldron. 6. Luther Kimball. (Cabinet- 49. Ruins of Fort George. maker's shop ) 50. Jere Moulton. 7. School-house. 51. Cutting Noyes. 8. Blacksmith's shop. 52. Store. 9. James Stone. 53. Daniel & Jotham Stone. 10. James Stone. (Store.) (Store.) 11. Dr. Porter. 54. Amos Lunt. 12. Hugh Wilson. 55 John Brown. 13.. John Hern. 56. Bisbee's shop. 14. Eben Ferx'in. 57. Grist mill. 15. John Haley. 58. 2 saw mills and grist mill. 16. Joseph Haley. 59. Mr. Bisbee. 17. Lawrence Humphreys. 60. Thos PooL 18. Saw mill. 61. John Dunlap's mansion 19. Shoemaker's shop. 62 Truewortliy Kilgore. 20. Gideon Walker. 63. Store. 21. Joseph Swett. 64. Capt. Richard Tappan. 22. Stephen Bradford. 05. Store-house. 23. Jairus Fuller. 66. Major Swift ' 24. Obed Buruham. (Pump and 67. William Owen. block-maker's shop.) 68 Law office. 25. James Blanchard (Store.) 69. P 0. Alden. 26. Ezra Smith. 70. John Dunning. 27. Larrabee & Emery (Dwell- 71. John Swartkin & Caleb ing-) Cushing's store. 28 Humphrey Purinton. 72 School-house. 29. Store. 73. Robert D. Dunning. 30. Store. 74. Charles Ryan. 31. Isaac Johnson. 75. Store 32. Larrabee & Emery. (Hat- 76. Samuel Stanwood. ters.) 77 President's House (being 33. Porter & King. (Store ) built). 34. Henry Wilson. (Store.) 78. Massachusetts Hall. 35. James Cushman. (Store.) 79. Inn. 36. Francis Tucker. (Inn.) 80. Col. Estabrook's bakei'y. 37. Blacksmith's shop. 81. Timothy Weymouth. 38. David Flagg. 82. Barn 39. Shoemaker's shop. 83. Cabinet shop. 40. Hodge mill. 84. Shimuel Owen 41. Granny Hole mill. 85 Col. Thomas Estabrook. 42. Grist mill and fulling mill. 86. Rev. Ebenezer Coffin. 87. Mr. Heath. 88. Mr. Brooks. 89. Aaron Melcher. 90. Dr. Charles Coffin. 91. Ebenezer Nichols. 92. John Perry's store. 93. Samuel Emerson. 94. Store and office. 95. John Perry. 96. Store. 97. Col Stauwood. v^ 98. Store. 99 Daniel Coombs. 100. James Carey. 101. Caleb Cashing. 102. Eli Cox. (Pottery.) 103. Eli Cox. 104. Noah Tobey. 105. James Wilson. 106 Mr. Carr (Tailor.) 107. Court House. CHAPTER I. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. The territoiy now covered b}" the towns of Topsham, Brunswick, and Harpswell, forming an extensive portion of the old Pejepscot pur- chase, is situated between Casco and Merrj'meeting Ba3's, and on both sides of the Androscoggin River. The raih'oad station at Brunswick is distant from Portland twentj'-nine miles, from Bath, nine miles, from Augusta, thirt3--three miles, and from Lewiston, eighteen miles. Its latitude is 43° 54' 37" N., and its longitude 69° 57' 2G" W. from Greenwich. Topsham, the most northerly of the three towns, is bounded on the north bj' Bowdoin and Bowdoinham ; on the east bj' Merrymeeting Bay ; on the south b}' Brunswick ; on the west by Brunswick and Dur- ham ; and on the northwest b}" Lisbon. Its area is about 22,600 acres, Brunswick is bounded on the north by Topsham, from which it is separated by the Androscoggin River ; on the east by the New Mead- ows River, which divides it from Bath and West Bath ; on the south by Casco Bay and the town of Harpswell ; on the southwest b}- Free- port ; and on the northwest by Durham. It has an area of about 28,200 acres. Harpswell is bounded on the north by Brunswick ; on the east by the New Meadows River ; and on the south and west b}' Casco Bay. It consists of a peninsula called Harpswell, or Merriconeag, Neck, which extends southwest from Brunswick into Casco Bay, and of the following islands : Sebascodegan, or Great Island, Orr's, Bailey's, and Haskell's Islands, with Whaleboat Island, Birch Island, and several smaller ones. The area of the Neck is 4,570 acres, and that of Great Island 5,790 acres, according to the measurement made in 1731, by Phinehas Jones, a surveyor. ^ The whole town probably contains above 12,000 acres. Through the Pejepscot region, and separating Brunswick from Tops- 1 McKeen, in Harpswell Banner, October, 1832. 7(j inSIOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. ham. runs the Androscoggix River, noted for its numerous falls and altnndant power. The other rivers are the Cathance and Muddy, in Topsham, and the New Meadows, which separates Brunswick and Harpswell from Bath, West Bath, and Phippsburg. The Cathance rises in the lower part of the town of Litchfield, flows in a southeasterly- direction through the town of Bowdoin, and continues on this eoui-se until it reaohes about the centre of Topsham, where it takes an easterl}- course for a short distance, then runs nearl}^ north by northeast until it reaches the village of Bowdoinham, when it takes a bend and flows to the southeast until it reaches Merrymeet- ing Bay. A few miles south of Bowdoinham, this river has an arm which extends northwesterly for about a mile, where it drains two small branches. Its whole length is about twenty-seven miles. Muddy River rises in the southeastern part of Topsham, about mid- wa}- between the old Bowdoinham road and the Foreside road, and flows in a northeasterly direction until it reaches Merrymeetiug Ba}'. Its length is not far from four and a half miles. New Meadows River rises in the town of Bath, about half a mile from Merrymeetiug Bay, and flows south into Casco Bay. It was anciently called Stevens's River. The only pond of considei'able size in this whole region is Cathance Pond, sometimes called Bradley's Pond, in Topsham. It is little more than an expansion of Cathance River, and is a few acres only in extent. Merrymeeting Bay is formed b}' the confluence of the waters of the Androscoggin, Mudil^', Cathance, Abagadusset, and Kennebec Rivers. It is about six miles in length and three in breadth, at its widest part. In a deed from Sir Ferdinando Gorges to Sir Richard Kdgecomb in 1G37, this sheet of water was called the "■ Lake of New Somersett." ' In other ancient deeds it was called " Swan Pond."- It is doubtful if there is in New England a tract of land of the same extent, possessing a more diversified scenery than does the territory nist described. Each differing phase of the landscape may be sur- passed in many other places, but the tout ensemb e is rarel}- equalled. There is but one place where this extended view can be obtained, and comparativel}' few have ever enjoj-ed it. On the north of the village of Topsham, and about a mile distant from the bridge, is an abrupt elevation of land called Mount Ararat. In the innocence of childhood we long supposed this to be the veritable mount whereon the ark ' Pi-jepscot Papers. 2 T^icj!. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE EE A TUBES. 77 rested. Upon the summit of this hill once stood a very respectable observator}', rising higlier than the surrounding trees. From the top of this observatory^ or from the summit of one of the tallest trees, could be seen in one direction the Cathance River, winding like a sil- ver thread through the evergreen foliage; in another direction, the bright waters of Merrymeeting Hay ; farther still gleamed the broad line of the New Meadows River and the wide expanse of Casco Bay, the latter dotted with islands and swept by the white sails of vessels of every size. At the west, about sixt}' miles distant, the White Hills of New Hampshire are distinctly visible on clear days, while a glass reveals the obscrvator3' and church spires at Portland. The scenery of the three towns is widel}' different. Topsham, on the north or left bank of the Androscoggin, is for the most part hilly ; while Brunswick, on the opposite bank of the river, consists (with the exception of the western and extreme eastern portions) of low, sand}- plains. Harpswell is made up of islands, and the long, high peninsula of Merriconeag. In the western part of the town of Brunswick a rocky cle^•ation is to be observed, extending quite from the Androscoggin to Casco Bav. Manj^ citizens are fiiuiilinr with tlie picturesque scenery at Rock}- Hill, some four miles up the river road, where this ridge begins. At the deep cut, some three miles west of the village, the railroad passes through a depression of this ridge, but at Oak Hill it again rises to full height. A few miles farther, another depression is succeeded by Brimstone Hill, in Freeport, which completes the line quite to Harraseekit Land- ing, on Casco Bay. From Oak Hill and the higher points of the par- allel ridge west of it, the sea is usually visible. From all elevated points, for miles around, appear also the spires of the A'illages of Brunswick and Topsham, the highest among them being the twin towers of King's Chapel. On the approach from up river, Powder- House Hill (at an earlier date known as Sunset Hill) hides much of the villages from view. A bend of the river, with a broad expansion at this point, gives all the effect of a lake, with the accessories of high, rocky banks, green hills, low, grassy shores, and sandy beaches. At the upper railroad bridge, where the banks of the river approach each other and the compressed waters go rolling on between the firm bounds of rock, the scene begins to change. Here is the beginning of the notalile Brunsavick Falls, the finest water-power on the Atlan- tic coast. This magnificent fall of water, thougli lacking in the gran- deur which attaches to the more famous falls of some other rivers, has 78 HISTORY OF BBU^^SWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. yet a beaut}' of its own, which should by no means be overlooked. Its numerous cascades aftbrd not only varied and picturesque views, Ijut furnish a motive-power probably unsurpassed in New England within so small a space. The natural bed of the fall consists of coarse graphic granite and gneiss. The rock upon the middle fall projects above the water at several points, serving as natural abutments to the several sections of the dam. Shad Island, the former site of mills, divides the lower fall about midway. There are three pitches : the first has a vertical descent of about eleven feet, the middle of four- teen feet, and the lower of about fifteen feet. The total height of the fall is about forty-one feet above high tide, which flows to the foot of the fall, causing a variation in the height of the water of about three feet. The whole horizontal distance of the descent is 1,980 feet. LOCALITIES, In the Androscoggin Eiver, from Lisbon to Merrymeeting Bay, there are twehe islands, besides numerous rocks at the Brunswick Falls, which have acquired distinctive names. Bekch Island — proltably so called on account of the growth of beech-trees found upon it — is the first island above the upper railroad bridge, Mkrrill's Island is a short distance above the former. It was named after John Merrill, Esquire, who purchased it in 1768. Goose Rock is the rock upon which the middle pier of the upper railroad bridge rests. It is not a bowlder, as is generally- supposed, but is part of a ledge extending to the shore. ^ Why the rock bears its present name is not known ; but it is quite probable that it was so called from a supposed similarity to a swimming goose. It has, how^- ever, been suggested that it may have been a resort for fowlers, when after wild geese. Goat Island is a short distance above the Factory, or second dam. The origin of its name is unknown ; but it is conjectured that one of the earl}- settlers pastured his goats upon it. Devil's Rock is the name given to a large rock}- island about mid- way- of the second, or Factory dam. The traditional origin of the name is as follows : In the early settlement of the place, a man and his wife occupied a lone house a little way back from the river, on the Topsham side. This man was ver}- superstitious, and probably ad- dicted to the habit of taking both frequent and deep potations. One ^Survey by C. J. Xoyes, Esq. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. I'd dsiy during an ice freshet, as he was sitting at his window watching the ice go by, he imagined he saw Satan, in propria x)ersona^ floating- down the stream on a log, and that he could hear the clanking of his chains as he climbed the rock. He informed his wife of this imaginary occurrence, and after the waters had sufiicientl}' subsided, the pair vis- ited the rock and found the footprints left there by his supposed Satanic Majesty. These holes in the rock — one of which does bear quite a resemblance to a huge footprint — are still to be seen. Fishing Rock Island, Salmon Island, Shad Island. — All these names have been, at different periods, applied to the island at the lower falls, between the long dam and the gulf dam. Tradition gives the origin of the latter name as follows : The law formerly prohibited the catching of shad between sunset on Saturdaj' and sunrise on Mon- da3\ Fish-wardens were annually chosen b}'^ some towns to see that this law was enforced. One Sundaj' some men went out and caught several of these fish, and hid them on this island, not daring to be seen carrying them home. Mr. Johnson Wilson and some friends started out after them in boats, pretending to be the fish- wardens, and went ashore on the island, found the fish, and, for sport, carried them away. The joke was discovered, and some complaint made against Mr. Wilson for breaking the Sabbath. Afterwards, when he built a mill, — the first one on the island, — ^ those who had blamed him for taking the fish called his mill the '' Shad Mill," and from that the island subsequent!}^ became known as Shad Island. Freshet Rock is the name by which the rock between Shad Island • and the Topsham shore is known. It is thus called from its being an index to the height of nater in the river. It is never entirel}' covered hy water except in freshets. Granny Hole Mill, Stream, and Bridge. — The channel which carries the water from the river above the lower falls, around the island in Topsham, was originally only a ravine; but about 1760 it was excavated so as to aflbrd a continuous fiow of water. Tradition gives the following account of the origin of its name : On one occa- sion, in midwinter, Mr. Thomas Wilson, grandfather of Mr. James Wilson, of Topsham, went over the ice to a fulling-mill near the fort in Brunswick, to obtain a web of cloth. He staged until after dark ; and while coming home he heard a woman's voice in the direction of a mill which stood just south of where the flour mill in Topsham now stands. Going in the direction from which the sound came, he found a womau named Betty Watts, who had broken through the ice, and was clinging to the edge of it, screaming for help. Having his web of 80 HISTORY OF BBUNSWICE, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. cloth with liim, he held on to one end and threw the roll to tlie woman, who eanght hold of it and was drawn out. In memory of this incident, the mill was called the " Grannv-IIole Mill," and the name was afterwards applied to the whole ravine. The " Grann}'- liole Bridge " is mentioned a nnmber of times in the town records of Topsham . The Goi.dkn Pipe — This was a natnral drain or ontlet for what is now a stagnant pond in front of Flagg's brick-yard, in Topsham. It crossed Summer Street just west of Mr. Cyras Flagg's residence, and so kept on till it entered the Granny-IIole Stream. In times of freshet, the water from the river tlowed across the sand-bed through the Golden Pipe into the Granny-Hole Stream, which afforded an opportunity for lumbermen to ran logs that wa}' and save them from being carried down river and out to sea. The benefit thus derived from this channel doubtless gave rise to its name. "NVhen Summer Street was laid out, a portion of the drain was filled up and the street raised high enough to prevent the water from crossing it except in unusually high freshets. This drain is referred to in the town records under the name given above. Great Island is the name given in the Topsham town records to the island formed by the Granny-Hole Stream and the main river. It has also been called Thompson's Island, because it w'as at one time owned b}- Brigadier Thompson. It is usually called siraplj' " The Island." ^ Middle Rock is the name of the rock upon which one of the piers of the Androscoggin Bridge (formerly- the toll-bridge) rests. * Mason's Kock. — There are two traditions accounting for the name of the large rock below the falls, known as Mason's Rock. One is, that a Mr. Mason was once saved from drowning by getting upon this rock. The other is that, while upon the rock, he was killed bv the Indians. There are no means of determining which of the two tradi- tions is most reliable. "Samuel Mason" occupied lot number ten (within the present limits of Brunswick village) in 1717. He occu- pied it less than three years, and what became of him is now unknown. Feuuy Point is the point of land at the Topsham end of the iron railroad bridge. It is so called from the fact that, previous to the erection of the toll-bridge, a feny was maintained between this point and the " Landing" in Brunswick. TEmiAMUGUS Cove is tlie name applied in honor of an Indian chief, Terramugus, to the cove between Ferry Point and the Grannj'-Hole Mill. It is probable, however, that the river formerly covered the BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FE A TUBES. ^1 low land whore the town landing used to be, back of the residenee of Mr. Sanniol Jameson, and that the name was applied to that particu- lar part of the cove. Old Sunday. — About midwa}' between Mason's Rock and Ferr}- Point, but nearer the Topsham shore, is a large stone, now seldom exposed to view, which was placed there bj- Brigadier Thompson to form the anchorage for a boom. Tradition accounts for its name from its being placed there b}' the Brigadier on Sunda}'. Cow IsL.vxD is the name ai)p]ied to the island just below the pres- ent iron railroad bridge. The name was given early in the last cen- tury, and was doubtless suggested by the fact of its affording good and safe pasturage for cows. It was owned, prior to 1797, b3' John Sandford.i The Narrows, where the river is compressed into narrow limits bj' two high rocky points, are about two miles below the Falls. The point on the lirnnswick side w'as formerly occupied b}- Ilnmphrey's steam-mill and ship-yard. Baxter's Island, Freyek's or Friar's Island, Mustard's Island. — These are different names for the island near the Topsham end of the Bay Bridge. The island was deeded in 1717 to the Reverend Joseph Baxter of Medfiekl, Mass., who came here as a missionary to the Indians. The name " Fre^'er's Island" is laid down on some of the maps of a recent date, but the origin of the name is unknown. It is called "Mustard's Island" from its present owner, Mr. John Mus- tard, of Topsham. Hunter's Island is the large island at the foot of the Narrows. In Stevens's deed from the Indians, in lG7f>, it is called "Stave Island." It may have l)orne other names, but we have not been aV)lc to ascertain them. Pleasant Point lies between the Androscoggin and Muddy Rivers, extending into Merrymeeting Ba}'. Although this name is appropri- ate, and has the prestige of antiquity, yet it wouW appear still more appropriate to perpetuate the name of its original owner, the first set- tler in Topsham, b}' calling it Gyles's Point. Cathance Point is the point of land in Bowdoinham formed by the bend of the Cathance River near its outlet into Merr3-meeting Bay. Fulton's Point and Patten's I^oint are names which have been successively applied to a point on the eastern side of Cathance Point, by form 3r residents of the vicinity, — lames Fulton having been one 1 Deed to Brigadier 1 hompson. 82 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. of its earliest occupants, and John Patten, its owner at a later period. Center Point, formerly called MotHtt's, and still earlier Somerset Point, is the point of land between the Abagadusset and Cathance Rivers. In a deed from Sir Ferdinando Gorges to Sir Richard Edge- comb, dated 1637, this point was called '' Somerset Point." ^ The name has often been spelled '■'Samoset," and the explanation has been given that it was named in honor of the Indian chief of that name ; but it is evident that the latter name is a corruption of the former. In the last centur}', the point was occupied b}' a faniil}' named " Mof- fitt," for whom it was named ; and in like manner its present name was given because of its occupation for many years by a famil}' named Center. It is in the town of Bowdoinham. Abagadusset Point is the striking name which attaches to the last projection which engages our attention on the north side of the bay. It lies between the Kennebec and Abagadusset Rivers, and is a part of the town of Bowdoinham. The meaning and derivation of the name have already been given in Chapter I of Part Fii'st. Oak Hill is about four miles north of Topsham village. The origin of the name is obvious. In Brunswick the following localities are more or less familiar : — Fisii-IIousE IIiLL, upon which stands the residence of Miss Nar- cissa Stone, receivetl its name from the fact that there was once a fish- house ui)on it, where salmon and sturgeon wei-e cured and packed for shipment. Eaton Brook — the first brook west of the village — bears this name from Daniel Eaton, who lived near it in the last century. IIak wood's Brook was named for George Harwood, one of the earl}' settlers, who built a house and attempted to clear a farm on what was afterward the " Captain Adams Place," which included the very noticeable hill, with the large house at the top, on the west bank of the Androscoggin, about a mi!e above the village. Sandy Gully — as its name indicates — is a sandy ravine on the River road, where it crosses llarwood's Brook. Rocky Hill is about four miles from the village on the road lending up the river. It is the beginning of the broad, rock}- ridge to which reference has been made. The scenery of the locality is the boldest of any in the three towns. The. Pinnacle is the name of a hill, probably the highest in the three towns, situated on the north side of the Durham road, at the 1 Pejepscot Papers. BOUNDABIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 83 extreme western border of Brunswick. It is well covered with trees, except a space on the east and south, the latter side being marked b}' a precipitous ledge of light-colored gi'anite. Bald Rock is a massive projection of ledge on a western slope of the ridge of which Oak Hill is a spur on the eastern side, nearly opposite. Oak Hill is a spur of the granitic ridge which extends from the Androscoggin River to Casco Baj'. It is on the Portland road, about four miles west of the village. Gbowstown, a neighborhood about two miles west of the colleges, derives its name from the numerous families named Grows who for- mei'ly resided in the vicinity. BuNGANUCK Landing is the western side of Maquoit Bay, near Freeport. The origin of the name is given elsewhere in the volume. Wharton's Point, at Maquoit, was named for Thomas Wharton, who owned the lot in 1717. It was afterwards sold to William Wood- side. Mair Point, Make Point, Mere Point.- — These are the varied spellings of the name applied from a veiy earl}' date to the peninsula which extends into Casco Bay and Maquoit Bay. The derivation, and consequently' the spelling, of the name has been the subject of some discussion, and there still exist§ a difference of opinion concerning it. In the earliest deeds and other documents which we have seen, the name is spelled JNIair ; and for this reason we have so spelled the name whenever reference is made to it. We incline to the opinion that some time previous to the Pejepscot purchase, a man named Marr (or INIare) lived on the point, and that "Mair" is a corruption. Williamson ' states that John Mare was an earl}' settler on Mare Point. Some are of the opinion that at a very earl}' period the point was occupied by French settlers, who gave it the name of Mer Point, which in English would be Sea Point. There is no proof, however, that the locality was ever occupied by the French. New Wharf ie the name of a wharf at Middle Bay, built in 1837. It was then spoken of as '•The New Wharf," and never having received any other name, it is still called New Wharf, though now old and dilapidated. Pennellville is a neighborhood near Middle Bay, which includes a number of families of the name of Pennell. Much ship-building has been done in this vicinit3^ Mair Brook rises a short distance west of the Twelve-Rod load, '^History of Maine, l,p. 5G4, note. 84 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. and crossing that road about half a mile below the colleges, thence runs in an easterlj- direction and empties into Ilarpswell Harbor, between Prince's Point and Harpswell Neck. The origin of the name is unknown, but it is doubtless the same as that of Mair Point. Thompson's Bkook, in the eastern part of the town, was named after Cornelius Thompson, an early settler, through whose lot the brook ran. Cook's Corner, two miles east of Brunswick village, on the road to Bath, was named for Stephen Cook, who resided there in 1764 and probabl}' earlier. Prince's Point extends into Ilarpswell Harbor, between the Neck and Great Island. It received this appellation after a family named Prince, who have lived on the point many j'ears. Ham's Hill, near New Meadows River, on the upper road to Bath, was named for Tobias Ham, who settled upon it previous to 1742. Bull Rock is a rock in New Meadows River, upon which rests one of the piers of the bridge below the railroad. The following are localities in Harpswell : — Harpsavell Neck is what was formerl}' and is now, often, called Merriconeag. The " Great Island " is the English and Sebascodegan the Indian name for the largest of the islands included in the township of Harps- well. Richard Wharton, in 1683, speaks of it as " Sebacoa, aJhis Chebascoa diggin." ' Orr's Island is the name now applied to what, in 1758, was known as Little Sebascodegan.'^ It received its later name from one of its first English occupants, Joseph Orr, who owned nearly the whole island. Orr's Island and Bailey's Island were, also, prior to 1683, called " The Twins." ^ Bailey's Island, situated sonth of the Neck, is the present name of what was called Will's Island in the Act of Incorporation of Harpswell. Captain James Sinnett, now upwards of eighty years of age, who has resided upon the island all his life, gives the following account of the origin of these names. The first settler upon the island was a man named Black, who, with his wife and a bo^', moved there from Kitterj'. They were of mixed breed, having in their veins the blood of the Anglo-Saxon, Indian, and African races. Black and his wife died and were the first persons ever buried upon the island. Their son. Will Black, lived to old age and became generallj^ known ^Pcjcpscot Papei-K. '^See Act of Incorporation of Ilarpsicell. ^Ibid. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 85 bj the nain3 of Uncle Will. The island consequent!}' took its first name from him. Afterwards, Deacon Timothy Baile}', of Hanover, Mass., purchased the island and moved tliere with his family-. The Blacks were squatters, and, having no legal claim to the land, they moved to Orr's Island, and settled on the lot now owned b_y Mr. Ralph Johnson. Thereafter Will's Island was called Bailey's Island. North Yarmouth Islaxo is situated south of, and in close prox- imitj- to Sebascodegan, or Great Island. The explanation of its bearing the name of a distant town is probably as follows : — The town of North Yarmouth formerly embraced the peninsula of Mair Point and Harpswell Neck, with Sebascodegan and the lesser islands within the limits indicated b}' these points. When the town of Harpswell was formed, all the larger islands intended to be set off from Yarmouth for the new town of Harpswell were named in the Act of Incorporation, with the exception of the one noAv under considera- tion. The omission was probably' unintentional; yet this island — nearly the most remote of all — still remained the legal territory of North Yarmouth. This anomaly among the islands led to its acquire- ment of the name of the town to which it belonged. At a later period it was annexed to Harpswell. Damariscove Island, now called " Haskell's Island," lies opposite Potts's Point. In the Act of Incorporation of Harpswell it was called Damariscove Island, but assumed its present name after its purchase by a Mr. Haskell. Flag Islax^d is said to derive its name from the fact that large quantities of flags grew upon it. Whale-Boat Island is, perhaps, so called from its fancied resem- blance in shape to a whale-boat. It lies west of the lower part of the Neck. Goose Islands — two of them — lie west of the middle of the Neck. At the southeast of the lower one are a pair of small islands called " The Goslings." Shelter Island, in Middle Baj', probably received its name from its affording a place of refuge for the settlers on Mair Point and vicinity in times of Indian hostility. Tradition sa^'s that this island was for many years the resort of smugglers, who obtained their goods in the British provinces, and stored tham on this island if so fortu- nate as to escape the customs officei's along the coast. The name was probably given by the smugglers. Birch Island, between Mair Point and the Neck, was doubtless so named for its abundant growth of birch-trees. 86 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. White's Island, near Mair Point, was named for Nicholas White, who occupied it as early as the year 1675. PoTTs's Point, at the lower extremity of the Neck, was named for Richard Potts, its first occupant, who settled there previous to 1672. The Prongs are the three points at the lower end of the Neck, wliich bears a reseml)lance to the form of a fork. Lookout Point, on the western shore of the Neck, is so called because it affords an extended view of the ba}'. The scenery at this locality is very picturesque. Condy's Point is the southeastern extremity of Grea't Island, and, with the adjacent harbor, takes its name from William Condy, who settled there in 1733. Boyle's Point is the northeastern extremity of Orr's Island. It was probablj' named for the Reverend Matthew Byles, who had one hundred acres of this island set off to him by Joseph Orr, in lieu of his i)revious claim as heir to Honorable William Tailer. The following are the names of the smaller islands of Ilarpswell. which are mostlj' uninhabited. There are a few others, without estab- lished name by which they might be recognized, and of which we therefore have made no special record. Rogue Island is southeast of Condy's Point. Jenny's Island is south of North Yarmouth Island. Long Ledge is south of Jenny's Island. Pole Island, .Sjiall Islani>, and Snow Island are situated in the eastern part of Quahaug Bay. Elii Island is east of the lower part of Orr's Island. Raw Island is east of the north part of Bailee's Island. Cedar Ledges, five in a row, — seven or more in all, — are east of Raw Island. Pond Island is east of the middle of Bailey's Island. Ragged Island is east of the lower part of Bailej's Island. Its municipal connection has been disputed. Jaques's Island, south of Bailej^'s Island, receives its name from Lieutenant Jaques, who resided on the Neck opposite, and who was one of the otllcers in the final expedition against the Indians at Norridge- wock. Turnip Island is west of Jaques's Island. Great Mark Island is south of Haskell's Island. Little Mark Island is south of Great Mark Island. Eagle Island is west of Haskell's Island. Little Birch Island is southwest of west prong of Ilarpswell Neck. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 87 Horse Island is east of Little Birch Islaiifl. Barne's Island is between the west prong of the Neck and Great Whale-Boat Island. Little Whale-Boat Island is northwest and near Great Whale- Boat Island. Irony Island is east of the Goslings. Braining's Ledge is between the Goose Islands. Lookout Island is adjacent to Point Lookont. Little Birch Island is northeast of Birch Island. ScRAGG Island is east of AVhite's Island. Little Irony Island is south l\y southwest of Scragg Island. Crow^ Island is southwest of New Wharf, at head of Middle Bay. Clarke's Island is east of New Wharf. Bomazeen Island is between Brunswick and Great Island. Other localities in Ilarpswell are : — High Head, on the east side of the northern part of the Neck, and Jaques's Harbor, at the southern extremit_y of Bailey's Island. Harpswell Harbor is on the east of the Neck, between it and Great Island and Orr's Island. Condy's Harbor is on the east side of the point of the same name, south of Great Island. QuAHAUG Bay extends into Great Islnnd from the south and nearly divides the island. Ash Cove is west of Potts's Point, between the eastern and middle prongs of the Neck. MiLL-PoND Basin is between the western and middle prongs of the Neck. It furnishes a tide power of great value, from its accessibilit}' by sea, the depth of water admitting the passage of vessels of sev- eral hundred tons, quite to the dam. Upon it there is now a large grain mill. Long Reach is an extensive cove in the western side of Great Island, opening northward. Long Cove nearl}' divides the northern half of Orr's Island. Lowell's Cove is on the southeast side of Orr's Island. Mackerel Cove is on the southern part of Bailey's Island. Will Gut is the passage between Orr's and Bailey's Islands. The Gurnet is the name of the point in Brunswick opposite 1o Great Island, Harpswell. Between the point and island is the Gurnet Bridge. In the English Channel there are several headlands bearing the name, having taken it, probabh', because of the number of gurnet fish found in the neighborhood, and it is probable that the name was given 88 IIISrOHY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. to the point in Brunswick from a fancied resemblance to one of the English headlands referred to. FAUNA. From the varied character of the region about Brunswick Falls, comprising sea-shore and forest, sand^^ plains, granite hills, and rich intervales, this narrow territory, prior to its occupation bv the Knii;lisli, must have drawn a numerous representation of almost the entire fauna of the State. Among the mammalia formerly found here were bears, wild-cats, loup cerviers, wolves, moose, beaver, and otter. Cathanie Fond is said to have been once a great resort for the latter, whi'e traces of beaver-dams are found on almost every stream. Of the car- nivora, wolves were the most common. The town many times voted bounties for the destruction of these animals, which prowled about the premises of the settlers in search of food, and sometimes even fol- lowed the settlers themselves. About the year 178G, JNIrs. Thomas, wife of Lewis Thomas, walked from Ilarpswell to Brunswick, bearing her bab}- in her arms, and in addition carrying half a quintal of tish. While coming through the woods near Middle Bay, she was followed by w'olves. With remark- able presence of mind, she threw down a single tish, which the pursu- ing pack stopped to devour, while she pressed forward as rapidly as possible. The animals soon resumed the pursuit, and she threw down another fish, and again they st(^pped to make a quarrelsome meal. This operation was repeated at intervals until she reached her home. Ephraim Thomas was the name of the man who, when a babe, made this dtmgerous journey. He died in Greene, INIaine, in 1841), at sixty- three years of age. In 171)2 Samuel Stanwood, who then lived on the site of the present residence of Mrs. Joseph McKeen, had a saw mill at jNIaquoit at whicli he worUeil during the day, carrying his dinner with him. C)ne day, desiring to accomplish all he could and not feeling very hungry, he did not stoi) to eat the dinner which he had brought with him, but took it back with him when he started for home at night. When he reached Mair Brook, a wolf came out of the thicket, looked at him a moment, then went back and uttered his hideous ^ells, which soon brought four or live others of his species to the scene. Stanwood, finding he was pursued, threw out a handful of meat, and while the wolves were fighting over it he hastened forward, soon, however, to be over- taken by the animals, to whom he again threw fragments of food. This operation was repeated until, when nearly to his home, the last BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 89 fragment of food was gone and the wolves were in hot pursuit of him. He screamed to his wife to open the door. Fortunately- she heard him and flung open the door, just in time to secure his escape from the wild beasts at his heels. Mr. Dean Swift says that wlien he was a boy and living with his parents in tiie house which is now the residence of Mrs. Rodney Foi- saith, on Maine vStreet, he has man}' a night heard the wolves howling a short distance east of the house, in the woods which then extended to Federal Street. Reverend Samuel Veazie, in 17G7, purchased the farm adjoining the old IIari)svvell Island Meeling-IIouse, and cleared a place for the erection of his dwelling. Back of his house tliere was a dense growth of wood, and in this the wolves sometimes collected in large numbers during the winter season, making the night hideous with their howls. The wolves would remain on the island until just previous to the breaking up of the ice, when the^' would leave it for the mainland. It is stated that they never failed to make the removal before the breaking up of the ice, seeming in this matter to show an intelligence akin to reason. ^ Bears, never so troublesome as the wolves, have hardly been heard of within the limits of our three towns for many years. Some time in the last century Johnson Stover pastured hogs at Goose Island, and one da}', hearing an unusual squealing, he found a bear holding one of the pigs in his paws, and occasionally nipping it with his teeth. Alcot Stover once, while lying on his bed, saw one looking in at the window, but before he could get his gun his wife accidentally fright- ened it away. About 177;') a woman, known as Granny Young, went to Bomazeen Island after berries. After tilling her dishes, she started for home, having only a sta\'e for a paddle. Hearing a noise in the water behind her she turned, and saw that a large bear was swimming after the boat. She plied her awkward paddle as vigorously as possible, but the bear overtook the boat and attempted to upset it. She fought him with the stave, striking him upon the head and nose until he was stunned ; then she held his head under water until he was dead, when she towed him ashore. The latest appearance of bears in Ilarpswell, of which we have the date fixed, was in 1800, when three were killed on the farm now owned by W. S. Purinton. '^ Mrs. Price, ninety-two years old; formerly a resident of the island. 90 msTonr of Brunswick, topsham, and fiarpswell. The common red deer must have been quite numerous in tliis region at the time of settlement. Even now thej are occasionally met with. As late as 1858 two were seen in Brunswick, — one, a full-grown animal, at New IMeadows ; the other, a fawn, on the old Freeport road. On Oct. 20, r8r)9, three were shot on Topsham Plains. Some sixteen years ago caribou were seen at the western border of Brunswick by several persons, and in two instances some pursuit was made. Raccoons are still caught every year in one quarter or another of the town. A live one was found in the Factor}- yard in Brunswick in 1844. The wild-cat, though heard of occasionally in neighboring towns, has not been reported within our limits for many years. The " luci- fee " (louj) cervier) , or Canada lynx, is believed still to haunt, occasion- ally, the extensive woods at the west of the town. Foxes are alternate!}' numerous, then rare, and seem to be some- what migratory, according as mice, grouse, and hare are plenty. The rabbit exists in favorable situations through the towns, but is not common enough to do much damage to the crops. A few young trees are each spring found with the bark gnawed from the trunk near the ground, but this has usually been laid to the mice. Both the common and the star-nosed moles are occasionally met with, but are not sufficiently numerous to be regarded in any degree a pest, as in some localities southward. Gray, red, and striped squirrels are frequent, but not troublesome. The flying squirrel is not often seen, but still haunts the old woods. The weazel is infrequent ; and its cousin, the mink, puts in an appearance in the vicinity of brooks with just sufficient frequency to incite the boys to unprofitable attempts at trapping. The muskrat seems equally, but sparingly diffused The skunk still taints the air with his mephitic odor each season, in many localities. "VYoodchucks are rare, but here and there a farmer complains of their ravages among his early bean-plants. BIRDS. Probably a list of the birds occurring in this vicinity, a century or two ago, would not differ from one of to-day, except in a few instances. It is certain, however, that certain species were vastly more numerous. The golden eagle is said to have been found upon our coast in the earlier days of its settlement ; but the bird is not now known here, even as a visitant. On the other hand, there is not, that we are aware, any evidence that the eider duck was found upon our shores a century since, while it is now quite regularly a winter sojourner. Yet the BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 91 seasons liave not been growing colder, neither can we think them to have grown greatl}' warmer, though another hird associated with a higher temperature has become a Juibitne of this vicinity, as well as of other localities in the State. It has been said that the Baltimore oriole was an unknown bird until within a few years, 3-et it may be that the change of the country by hiunan occupancy, rather than any change of climate, is the cause of its immigration. The scarlet tanager, also regarded as an inhabitant of mild climates, is occasional!}' seen here as early as May. Among winter visitants are the grosbeaks, — the pine and the rose- breasted, — the pine finch, the Arctic or snowy owl, the Canada jay, and perhaps one or two others. The common birds are, no doubt, the same here as in most other portions of the State. The cuckoo is said to have been unknown in Aroostook until within three or four years, but here it has been observed for a generation, at least. It is, liowever, repoi'ted to have become more numerous in this vicinity of late. This, if a fact, may be owing to an increase of its insect food, for it is believed b}- some to feed largely on the caterpillar. Another bird, one of the woodpeckers, known as the sapsucker, has become rather rare of late years, from the relentless war waged upon it by the guardians of young fruit orchards. The crow, the pest of cornfields, in scornful disregard of public opinion, persists in making itself very much -at home among the farms. Hawks in the usual variet}', though reduced in numbers, are found in all the more rural quarters of the towns. The several sorts of owls common in the State are met with here, their number in any locality seeming to depend more on the frequenc}' of hollow trees, which afford them congenial shelter, than on any other condition. The blue jay, eminent for its disagreeable voice, its striking appearance, and remarkable foresight, is a frequent inhabi- tant. Ruffed grouse (here commonly called partridges) are frequent, but not numerous. Wood-.-ocks, from their retired habits, are an almost unknown bird to our people, 3'et are really much more plentiful than grouse The plovers, sandpipers, snipes, and quails are not usu- ally numerous. Wild pigeons are frequent, but not to the hundredth part of their former numbers. Of the birds that seek the neighborhood of human habitations we iiave the usual variet}-, the common dove, three or more kinds of swal- lows, and the martin. The last has diminished in number, the others appear to have increased. The robin is, perhaps, more numerous than any other single variety. Others of this family are the wood- thrush, whose vocal expression is the long, pensive, but nmsical 92 HISTORY OF BBUySWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARFSWELL. whistle ami trill hoard in almost every wood in early sii miner ; and Wilson's thrush, which is less eonnnon. Another songster, the l)reker, is found, it is said, in only one loi'ality of our tov\ns, ami this is in the western i)art of Brunswick. The song" sparrow, that iVeciuents cool ravines, and sings all through the season, ami the white-throated sparrow, are familiar to the ears of our inhabitants, if not well known to the eye. The chickadee, or black-cap titmouse, and the kingbird, are also quite common. Some- thing like the last in appearance and voice is the kinglisher, present on most of our larger streams during the snmmer. About the marshes on these streams the great blue heron is some- times seen, but it is more frequent about the salt marshes and sea- shore. Around the sea-shore the coot is more numerous than any other of the large birds. Our water-fowl generally are not different from those found in other sections of the State. On our fresh-water ponds, as well as on the salt-water, are found in spring and autumn the wild goose, the black duck, teal, sheldrake, and merganser, while the wood-duck and the pintail or whistler, make their habitat all over our territory ; yet they are not abundant. There is a tradition that at the period of settlement, wild fowl sometimes congregated in certain localities in our vicinity in such numbers, and made so much noise in the night, that the settlers were unable to sleeji until they haoat to be rowed alongside one of the largest dolphins, himself standiuij,' with one foot braced on the bows of the boat and the other 94 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. on the back of his antagonist. He had taken this position to make the attempt of splitthig open the head of the fish ; bnt. the boat veering in its conrse, he must either fall into the water or jump upon the back of his intended victim. He did the latter, and in tlie next moment the company saw their gallant captain riding oft' astride upon the back of the dolphin. A full quarter of a mile was the hero thus borne over the water by this novel mode of navigation, when he safel}' alighted upon a vehicle of a more artificial construction. " Captain Curtis did not, however, like Arion, entertain his dol- phin witli harmonious strains of godlike music. 80 far from this, in fact, he was constanth' inflicting blows with his axe deeply into the monster's blubber. " As the tide ebbed awaj-, the dolphins began to drag themselves lieavily through the mud, and it became advisable to find some more expeditious way of destroying them. Before sunset the whole number were despatched. About one hundred and thirt}' barrels of oil were obtained from the fish, realizing about $2,000. ''This singular fish is not the common dolphin, but the round- headed dolphin, being much larger. Those captured at Harpswell varied much in size. The largest was twenty-three feet long and eighteen feet in circumference. There were some that measured not more than six or seven feet in length. These were probably pups, as some of the females yielded large quantities of milk, resembling very nuich cow's milk." The I'lsiiES, inhabiting the salt water of our bays and ofl^" our shQi'es, are the cod, haddock, hake, pollock, cusk, mackerel, blue-fish, herring, menhaden or porgy, sun-fish, sword-fish, rock-cod, sculpin, ling, flounder, cunner, frost-fish, and tora-cod. Our fresh waters contain brook-trout, pickerel, perch, chub, sucker, bream or kiver, bull-head, and others of lesser note. Among the fish that frequent both the fresh and salt water are the smelt, alewife, salmon, and sturgeon. In early times the last two were very abundant in the Androscoggin, but their number has greatl3' diminished. Since the construction of fishAvays in the dams a few years ago, there has, however been a manifest increase in the lunnber of salmon, and it is to be hoped that by careful diversion from the waters of all matters deleterious to fishes, the river may again become abundantly stocked. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 95 GEOLOGICAL FEATURES. i The universal underlying rock of this region, extending to unknown depths, is gneiss. This is easily distinguished from granite, which consists of the same minerals, — mica, quartz, and feldspar, — by its appearance of stratification. The layers or strata of gneiss are curiouslj' bent and twisted, as if, while in a soft and plastic condition, at some early period of the earth's history, they had been crumpled like pieces of cloth by some gigantic force. This folding of the strata is well exhibited in a railroad cut on the Topsham shore, near the Lewiston bridge. In general, however, they dip to the southeast. Intersecting these layers, in immense veins or dikes, is found the granite. The granite dikes have clearly been formed by the lilling of vast chasms in the earth's crust, probably at a high temperature. Witlistanding better the wear of time than the gneiss, these dikes now form prominent features of our landscape at Powder-House Hill and the hills of Topsham, and have been the cause of the rapids which furnish our villages with their magnificent water-power. The granite dikes are here an extensive source of building material, and, farther north, of the feldspar ground for the glazing of pottery and the quartz crushed for sand-paper. In these dikes, too, are found the crystals that have rendered the vicinity so famous for its mineral wealth. On rowder-House Hill and other places, and probably throughout the village of Brunswick, were it accessible, the surface of these hard and almost imperisljablc rocks is found deeply scored and furrowed in lines parallel with one another, and having the direction of northwest and southeast. These it is well known, and has been abundantly proved, have been formed by the action of an immense glacier which once extended over the whole northern part of the United States, Over four thousand feet in thickness, covering all but our highest mountains, as Washington and Katahdin, this stream of solid ice moved slowly southward with crushing force, grooving the surface, grinding down the hills, and transporting the huge bowlders that were, later, stranded in our fields. Bj' this same agency were formed the deep fjords or inlets of our coasts and the islands that stud Casco Bay. Following the period of ice came a period of thaw. At the same 1 This descriplion is by Professor Curmichael of Bowdoin College, and though written with especial reference to Brunswick and Topsham, is undoubtedly equally uppdicable to Harpswell. 90 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARP>>WELL. time the coast of INIaine, which once had been liighev than now above the ocean level, sank below its snrface, and an arm of the sea flowed over the highest bnilding sites of Brunswick. Then were deposited the beds of brick clay which immediateh' cover the solid rock and crop out at the brow of the *•' Hill." In sinking wells in different parts of the village, not nnfrequently mussel-beds {3fi/teJus edidis) are met with in this day. Their perfec- tion and disposition prove that here they have lived and died. Other shells, as Leda tnoirata. which is not found to da}' south of Spitzbergen, attest to the coldness of the salt waters which then cov- ered the lowlands. Two bison teeth, a fragment of a walrus tusk, a large and curious tooth resembling that of the walrus, found in a clay bed of the same period at Gardiner by the late Mrs. Allen, and deposited in the Museum of Bowdoin College b}' Mrs. M. Allen Elton, prove at this early day. long before Adam walked the earth, strange beasts occupied the morasses and liriny waters of the Kennebec and Androscoggin valleys. At a later period, immense streams of water from the still melting ice flowed southward through the Androscoggin, forming the high ter- races of which six, one above the other, may be seen on the Bruns- wick, and two upon the Topsham shore. Then was deposited the expanse of sand forming tlie arid plain sur- rounding the village of Brunswick. Ilapp}- the agriculturist on whose land the Leda claj' breaks through the barren terrace sand ! Ice, then, is the sculptor to whom we owe all the physical features of our vicinity. It carved out our hills, valleys, and river-beds ; brought bowlders and gravel from afar, and supplied the water which formed the terraces upon which the town of Brunswick has been Iniilt. MINERALS. This region is remarkably rich in the number of its minerals. The attention of the Pejepscot proprietors was earl}' attracted to this fact, and with prudent forethought they passed the following vote, Jan. 15, 1718: — '' Voted, that if it shall so happen that there be any Mine or Min- eral found out within any Proprietor's or Inhabitant's Lott ; that the Said Mine or Minerall shall be held in common to the Proprietors : The Person in whose Lott it shall fall to have the same Quantity of good land elsewhere." ^ • Pejepscot Records. BOUNDARIES AXD NOTABLE FEATURES. 97 The following list of the minerals of this region, and the localities where the}' are chiefly to be found, is furnished mainlj' hy Professor Carraichael : — Feldspar is found in large and handsome crystals in Cobb's quarry. In Topsham, crystals a foot in diameter have been found in Sprague's quarr3^ Fine crystals of Amazonian spar from an old feldspar quarry are found on the banks of the Cathance River. Mica, Biolite, Phlozopite, in crystals, are found at the railroad cut near the upper bridge, and at the Tarbox quarry, Topsham. Near the Old Feldspar quany slabs have been found a foot wide. Green mica is found at New Meadows. The green mica extensivel}' exchanged by the late Professor Cleaveland was found in a bowlder near the river. Lepidolite is found at Topsham. Quartz. — At Sprague's quarry large cr3'stals, and at the Old Feld- spar quarry crj'stals a foot in diameter are found. Decahedral quartz and smok}' quartz are found in various quarries. Beryl. — At Cobb's quarr^', small but perfect crystals, with interest- ing pyramidal faces, are found in the railroad cut near the upper bridge. At Fisher's quarry, Topsham, crystals of a hundred pounds' weight have been found. The Emerald is said to have been found in a cut near the upper fishway, in Topsham. Garnet. — Small but fine crystals are found in Cobb's quarr}'. A fine, perfect specimen, nearly as large as a man's fist, in the Museum of Bowdoin College, was found in Sprague's quarr}'. At Fisher's quarry are fine, large specimens. Large quantities of cr3"stals, of medium color and large size, have been taken from a quarry near the road, beyond the Old Feldspar quarry. The most ordinary form is the ikositetrahedron modified by the octahedron and dodecahedron. Magnetite is found in many localities. Crj'stals over two inches in diameter have been taken from Sprague's quarry. Tourmaline. — Large masses are found at Rock}' Hill. Fine, large, perfect hemimorphic crystals are found at Tarbox's quarry, Topsham. Brown tourmaline is found at New Meadows, near the railroad bridge. CoLUMBiTE. — Large and perfect crystals have been found at Fisher's quarry. One specimen weighed upwards of two pounds. It is found also at the railroad cut near the upper bridge. Galenite and Iron Pyrites are found (good specimens) near Cathance River. Apatite is found near Cathance River, and crystals are also found at New Meadows, near the railroad bridge. 7 98 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. TiTANiTE is found at Cobb's quarrv, and small but fine cr^'stals are found near Miss Narcissa Stone's house. Chlorite is found at Cobb's qnarr^'. BisMUTiiENiTE is found at Fisher's quarry and at Tarbox's quarry, associated with coluuibite. AiMriiiBiTE is found at Sprague's quarry. Spiialenite is found at Cathance River. Moi^YBDENiTE is found in the bed of the river near the Topsham paper mill, at New Meadows, and at the Old Feldspar quarry. GoHNiTE is found in a quarrj" near the road, beyond the Old Feld- spar quarry. The following minerals have also all been found in some one or more of the three towns, though the exact localit}' we are unable to designate : Copper Pyrites, Malachite, Calcite, Hematite, Cup- rite, Epidite, and Molybdite. TuNGSTiTE is supposed to have been found, but it is not known with certainty. SOIL AST) CKOPS. The soil of Topsham is, for the most part, a light, sandy loam, with some clay at the northwestern and northeastern parts. In the main, it is tolerably productive. The best farms are on what is called the Foreside, and on Cathance stream. The soil of Brunswick varies from the sand}' loam of the plains to a gravell}' loam at the westward. Rich loams and heavy elays are found in a few localities. Peat has been found in the low ground east of Miss Narcissa Stone's house and has been used hy her. The best farms were formerly ^ (and probably are now) at Middle Bay and Maquoit. The land is said, however, to have been much more fertile in former times than at present.'^ Harpswell can hardly be considered an agricultural town, though portions of it are very productive. Some excellent fiirms are to be found upon the Neck and upon some of tlie larger islands. The soil of the Neck is largel}' granitic rather than a gravelly loam, with small tracts of clay loam. On Great Island the soil varies from a hard, tenacious clay to a sandy loam, wliile in some localities are found a fine sand, and in others slat}' and granitic soils. Most of the farms are equal to those on the Neck, being excellent hay and grazing land, while the higher parts are suitable for corn and wheat. Orchards do not fiourish well. 1 McKecn, MSS. Lecture. ^ Maine Historical Society Collection, 3, p. 318. BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 99 Potatoes, barley, wheat, oats, and beans are the crops chiefly culti- vated hereabouts. The mode of cultivation has improved very much of late 3-ears from what it was in Kevolutionar}' times, when people '' hanked up their corn very high, and i)!aced their potatoes very deep in the ground, and raised but little of either." FLORA. The flora of this region is, in general, like that of other similar localities in the central and coast region of Maine. The description here given is confined solely to the trees found here. At the time of the first settlement the wood growth was very diflferent from what it is now. At that time there is said to have been an oak grove where the depot now stands in Brunswick, and the plains were covered with a growth of beech, instead of jiine as at present. Then the prevailing growths were of hard wood. Among the forest trees now commonly met with are the alder, beech, birch, cedar, fir, junii)er (or hackma- tack), hemlock, four varieties of maple, two of oak, four of pine, and poplar, spruce, and willow. Those which are less commonly found are the ash, cheny, elm, horse-chestnut, larch, and arbor-vita.>. CLIMATIC AND METEOROLOGICAL. The climate of this region is somewhat different near the sea-coast from that a few miles farther inland. In Harpswell, and around the bays of Brunswick, the temperature is as uniform as it usually is on the coast of Maine. Topsham, from its greater elevation, is cooler than Brunswick in the summer and, probably owing to its southern slope, is slightly' warmer in the winter. The following meteorological statement is from the Annual Report for 18G7, of the Smithsonian Institution : — " Between the yeai's lfi07 and 1859 inclusive, meteorological records were made with great regularit}' by the late Professor Parker Cleave- land, of Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Maine, and after his death were consigned to this institution for reduction and publication. The observations, though not intended by their author to be of a strictly scientific character, were yet found sufficiently valuable to warrant the expenditure of considerable labor in preparing them for the press. " The observations were made at 7 a. m., 1 p. m., and 6 p. m., and relate to indications of the thermometer and barometer, direction of the wind, state of the weather, amount of rain and snow, character of clouds, occurrence of thunder-storms, fogs, frost and hail, earthquakes, auroras, etc. The observations present, during a period of 52 3'ears, 100 HISTORY OF BRUNbWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARP SWELL. a mean temperature of 44° 4' Fahrenheit, which reduced to the leA'el of the sea becomes 44° 6'. "The lowest mean temperature for an}' year occurred in 1859 and was 40° 31', and the highest was in 1840, 51° 60', giving a range of 11° 29', which is considerably larger than at places farther south in the United States. "According to the average of 52 years, the warmest day falls on the 22d of July, or 31 days after the summer solstice, and has a mean temperature of 67° 7'. "The coldest day, on an average, is the 18th of Januar}-, or 28 da3's after the winter solstice, having a temperature of 19° 9' Fahrenheit. "On an average, the 20th of April and the 24th of October have the same temperature as the mean of the entire year. The lowest record for the whole time is 30° below zero^ and the highest 102° above. " The northwest wind on an average reduces the temperature 4° 6'. rhe north lowers it 3° 1', and the northeast 3° 8'. The southwest wind, on the contrary, elevates the temperature above its normal value, 2° 6'. In summer the effect of rain and fog is to lower the temperature 6° 5'. In winter, snow, sleet, or rain increases the temperature 4° 3'. From 54,097 observations, the following is the proportional number of winds in 1.000: — SOUTH. NORTH. WEST. EAST. s. w. N. E. N. W. S. E. 29 40 51 29 311 143 320 77 " From this it results that the most frequent are the northwest and southwest, the former in winter and the latter in summer. " The least number of days in which rain fell was in Februarj-, the greatest in May. The greatest number of da^-s in which snow fell was in January. The earliest snow occurred on the 26th of September, 1808, and the latest on the 8th of June, 1816. On an average, snow falls in Brunswick on some day in May once in tive years, and in October once every other year. The average number of rainy days is 64, the average number of snowy days is 30. "The average amount of rain and snow is 44.68 inches. The greatest amount of rain durmg any one da}' was 8^ inches, Novem- ber 4, 1845. The greatest fall of snow was on the 10th of March, 1819, and measured 30 inches. " The oreatest number of rainfalls occur while the wind is from the BOUNDARIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES- 101 northeast, and the least number while it is from the west. The north- east wind in winter is almost constantly accompanied b}* rain or snow, while in summer the southeast surpasses it as a vehicle of rain, — a result evidently due to the position of the place of observation with respect to the ocean. The number of storms of thunder and lightning recorded during 51 ^-ears is 472, or about 9 a year. The greatest number occurred in July and August, the least in Januar}' and Feb- ruar}'. The total number of fogs is 1,135, or 22 in a year, the most dense of which occur in summer, the least dense in winter. " Jul}' is the only month in which no frost is recorded. The ear- liest frost observed was August 3d and the latest .June 19th. On an average, the spring frost ceases after the first week in June, and the autumn frost commences after the first week in September. "There were 34 hail-storms, — the greatest number in January, the least in August. The records notice the occurrence of 7 earth- quakes and 86 auroras, the greatest number of the latter in September and October. " The aurora also exhibits a maximum and a minimum. The maxi- mum occurred in 1808, 1818, 1830, 1838, 1848, 1857, giving differences of 10, 12, 8, 10, and 9 3'ears. This indicates an average period of about 10 years. "Unfortunately', the temperature of the barometer is not given, and therefore a reduction on account of the expansion of the mercury is not possible, and consequently the onl}^ use which has been made of the record has been to exhibit the monthl}' extreme values, together with their annual variations. The barometric maxima reach their greatest value in December, and their least value in June. The min- ima occur in August. The monthlv range is the greatest at the period of greatest cold, in January, and the least range at the period of greatest heat, in Jul}'." The coldest season ever experienced here was probably in the winter of 1780-81. It was, however, nearl}', if not quite, as cold in 1751. As early as January 14 of that 3'ear (1751), Parson Smith gives an account of an excursion he took with his wife and others from Fal- mouth to Brunswick on the ice, " passing over Harrasicket Bay a-going, and venturing on their return to come directl}' from Brunswick across the Bay without Maquoit Island to New Casco,^ and over thence to the Beach home." ^ In 1780 Casco Ba}' was frozen over as far into the 1 Near lohere the United States Marine Hospital now stands at Falmouth Foreside. 2 Smith's Journal. 102 HISTORY OF BltUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. sea as the island called the White Bull, and was travelled upon from Harpsivell to Portland. The mildest winter was that of 1838. On Januar}' 8, of this winter, David Johnson ploughed all day on Goat Island, Harps well. Destructive gales and thunder-storms have not been of exceptional frequency in this vicinity. The earliest one of any severit}', of which mention has been found, occurred June 21), 1809, when there was a violent thunder-storm. The Gun House was struck by lightning, which struck also in twelve other places in that vicinity'. On June 7, 1814, about 8 a. m., there was heard a report in the air resembling that of a gun, and gradually dying away. There was no storm at the time ; it was doubtless the bursting of a meteor. April 1, 1^15, vari- ous sized balls of snow were found in the woods. The}' were from less than one inch to fifteen inches in diameter, of an oval or globular shape, loose and uniform in texture, and very irregularly distributed. The tracks could be seen where the}' had been rolled over the surface of the snow by the wind. On May 7 and 21, 1816, there were severe thunder-storms. On the latter date the storm was accompanied with hail, the form of which was ver}' remarkable. The hail-stones were in hexangular pyramids, sometimes half an inch in length. In some the base was almost transparent. On August 6, 1834, there was a severe thunder-shower, during which the vanes on Professor Cleaveland's and Captain Given's barns were struck by lightning. August 20, 1835, there was a severe bail-storm, and hail-stones which measured three inches in diameter were picked up at Mustard's tavern. September 3, 1845, there was a violent thunder-shower, during which Common's Hall was struck by lightning. May 6, 1850, there was also a violent storm. The lightning struck Captain Minot's buildings at Mair Point, and in several other places. February 18, 1853, probably the severest storm of all occurred. The lightning struck in over twenty different localities ; among others. Deacon Perkins's house on the island in Tops- ham. October 30, 1866, the steeple of the First Parish Meeting-House in Brunswick was blown off. In 1869, on September 7, a terrible gale began at seven o'clock p. M., and lasted for several hours. In the Lemont woods fourteen trees were blown down in one spot, and over two hundred trees were blown down in David Marriner's woods. A large number were also prostrated in Topsham. The depot woodshed in Brunswick, and two chimneys on the Medical College, were also blown over, A great deal of damage was done, of which the above constituted but a small portion. August 16, 1867, there was another severe storm, BOUNDABIES AND NOTABLE FEATURES. 103 during which seven and one half inches of rain fell. Seventy-five feet of an embankment on the Androscoggin railroad in Topsham was washed out. It was twenty-five feet deep. Jul}" 15, 1868, a severe thunder-storm occurred, during which two houses and a barn in Brunswick, and an old wooden warehouse in Topsham, were struck by lightning. June 23, 1874, the Jordan House in Brunswick was struck by lightning. Accounts have been preserved of some ten shocks of earthquake which have occurred here since the first settlement of Brunswick. The first and severest was the one which was felt throughout New England, and is called the " Great Earthquake." It happened on Tuesda}', Nov. 18, 1755, at about a quarter past four o'clock a. m. The undulation of the earth's surface in this vicinit}^ was so violent as to rock houses, and throw down chimneys, log fences, and crockery from the shelves. The chimne}' of Reverend Mr. Dunlap's house fell in, and some of his children narrowl}' escaped injury. The inhabi- tants generally were gi'eatl}" alarmed, and viewed the occurrence as an omen of evil. Reverend Mr. Dunlap preached a sermon with especial reference to this event. ^ The other earthquakes were much less severe, though some of them were sufficient to cause a degree of trepidation amongst the timid. They occurred Nov. 22, 1755; June 12, 1805, at 7.30 a. m. ; June 26, 1808, at 2.51 p. m. ; Nov. 28, 1814, at 7 p. M. ; the oscillations moved from north to south, lasted fifty seconds, and were followed b}^ an explosion ; May 23, 1817, at 3 p. m., — lasted one minute ; March 7, 1823, at 10 a. m. ; July 25, 1828, at 6 A. M. ; Aug. 26, 1829, at 9 p. m. and at 9.15 p. m. ; and Oct. 17, 1860. 1 Pejepscot Papers. 104 HISIORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. CHAPTER II. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. The town of Brunswick first received its name legally, in the year 1717, when it was incorporated as a township. This name was prob- ably given to the town in honor of the house of Brunswick, to which family the then king of Great Britain belonged. The reason for this presumption is. that this town, being earlier settled and incorporated than any of the other nine or ten towns of the same name in the United States, could not have been named after either of them, and as there were, so far as known, no Germans among the earlier settlers here, it was hardly likely to have been named for the German city. UNDER COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. [1717.] The A'ote of the General Court, constituting Brunswick a township, was passed on the third of Ma}', 1717, and provided " That y* Land Plotted for a Town from Pejepscot Falls to Maquoit in Casco Ba}- be Constituted A Township to be laid out the Quantity- of Six miles Square as the Land will allow & to be Called by the name of Brunswick to be forth- with Settled in a Defensible Manner." ^ This action of the General Court gave the settlers municipal rights similar to those of plantations of the present day. Thus, for instance, they held public meetings, raised money for their common welfare, and chose their own town officers. Records were kept by an officer stA'led the town clerk, who was the first time appointed by the propri- etors, and afterwards elected b}- the people. On the second of Ma}', of this year, Lieutenant Joseph Heath was chosen by the proprietors "'■ To be their Clark for the Town of Bruns- wick until the town is Qualified to make their own election and Sworn to the faithful Discharge of that Trust." ^ The first meeting of the inhabitants was held November 3, 1717. The first election of town officers was in March, 1719, when Captain John Gyles, Thomas "Wharton, James Starrat, John Cochran, and ' Massachusetts Records, 1717. "^Brunswick Records m Pejepscot Collection. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 105 Joseph Heath were chosen selectmen for the ensuing year. Joseph Heath was also chosen clerk and town treasurer, and Peter Haines, constable. At a regular meeting of the inhabitants, held Maj' 8, it was voted to purchase a hos h'urus for the common benefit. It was also at this meeting voted, " That whereas Some of the Inhabitants of this Town have already Brought on Cattle & others expect to have some come before Winter, Therefore our first rate to our Minister shall be raised on Lotts & poles onley." ^ Other meetings were held at different periods, at which action was taken relating chiefly to the support of a minister. The doings of those meetings will be found in the chapter upon Ecclesiastical Histor}'. [1735.] In the year 1735 the inhabitants of Brunswick had become so numerous and felt so great need of a more perfect system in the management of their common concerns, that they made application to the government of Massachusetts for an Act of Incorporation as a town. The petition was as follows : — " To His Excellency Jonathan Belcher Esq. Captain General and Governour in Chief. Tlie Honourable His Majesties Councill, and the Honourable House of Representatives of his Majesties Province of the Massachusetts-Bay In New England In General Court assembled May 1735. "The Petition of us the Subscribers Inhabitants of the Town of Brunswick in the Count}' of York Humbly Sheweth — That j-our Peti- tioners being arrived to a competent number to transact Town affairs & in Expectation of having others very soon added to us, having now a commodious Meeting -House chiefly erected at the charge of the Proprietors, and having also obtained a pious & othodox Minister to settle with us, we now find it necessary to be vested with Power to lay a Tax or assesment in order to raise money for his maintenance — Therefore your petitioners Humbly pra^^ your Excelency and Honours that you will pleas to Erect us into a Township & vest us with the Power & authorities belonging to other Towns excepting onl}' the Power of Granting & Disposing of Land, which we acknowledge to be in the Proprietors who placed us here — and your Petitioners as in Duty bound Shall ever pray &c." ^ This petition was signed by John Rutherford, Anthony Vincent, James Dunning, David Dunning, Richard Flahertj', — an Irish school- teacher, — James McFarland, James Carter, William Gibson, Andrew ' Brunswick Records, in Pejepscot Collection, ^Pejepscoc Papers. 106 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Dunning, Ebenezer Stanwood, Samuel Stanwood, David Giveen, James Henry, William Spear, John Giveen, Robert Giveen, Thomas Neal, Thomas Washburn, Samuel Lindsey, Reverend Robert Ruther- ford, Benjamin Larrabee, Samuel Clarke, Nehemiah Giffen, — a stranger, — Robert Spear, Sr., Robert Spear, Jr., Robert Dunlap, William Woodside, Jonathan Dunlap, John Linsay. The legislature, June 20th of this same year, granted the request of the petitioners and enacted a bill in accordance therewith. This bill for some reason, however, failed to receive the signature of the gov- ernor, and did not therefore take effect.^ [1737.] On the 25th of May, 1737, another petition for incorpora- tion was presented to the General Court, by Benjamin Larrabee. in behalf of the inhabitants of Brunswick, which set forth the reasons urged in the former i)etition and stated the fact of a bill having been enacted, wliich had failed to be valid on account of its wanting the governor's signature. The praj-er of this petition was granted in the House of Representatives on the 24th of June, and concurred in by the Senate three days later. A bill was accordingly prepared, and at the next session of the General Court, January 26. 1738-9, the follow- ing Act was passed, and received the sanction of the governor : — "ACT OF INCORPORATION OF BRUNSWICK. ANNO KEGNI REGIS GEORGIJ SECUNDI DUODECIMO. AN ACT For Erecting a Township ia the County of York by the Name of Brunswick. " Whereas there is a Competent Number of Inhabitants already set- tled upon a Tract of Land lying within the County of York hitherto called and known by the name of Brunswick containing the Quantity of about six miles squai-e and lying convenient for a Township ; and whereas said Inhabitants have humbly petitioned this Court, that in order to provide a Suitable Maintenance for the Minister Settled among them, the}' may be Erected into a Township, and vested with the Powers and Authorities belonging to other Towns. Therefore for encouragement of the said settlement "5e it Enacted l)y his Excellency the Governor, Councill and Repre- sentatives in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the Same. That the said Tract of Land described in a Plat now returned to this Court as follows : — • "Beginning at the mouth of a brook or Rivulet called Bungamunga- 1 Fejepscot Papers. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 107 nock, running into Maquoit Bay where it touches upon North Yar- mouth line, and from the mouth of said Brook to run upon a course north northwest, half westerly five miles into the wilderness leaving a wedge or strip of Land between said line and North Yarmouth, ^ and from thence upon a course northeast four miles to the Second Falls of Amascoggin alias Androscoggen River from thence down said River by Fort George, and down Merry Meeting Ba}' so far as »Stevens car- rjnng Place including several small Islets lying in said River above Said Carrying Place, and over said Carrying Place to the head of the Creek or River that runs up to the other side of the said Carrying Place, thence down said creek or River to the mouth thereof, includ- ing an Island therein, and from the mouth of said River to run by the Waterside southwesterly to the Southwest point of a place called the New Meadows, thence to strike across the cove upon course north northwest, till it meets and intersects the upper end of INIerryconeag Neck four rods above the Narrows of said Neck, commonly called the carrying place, thence to run along the Shore to a Neck of Land called Mair point, about a mile and a quarter down said Neck, thence to cross over said Mair point and Maquoit Ba}', upon a course north- west till it comes to the place first above mentioned, be and henceforth shall be a Township to be called Brunswick and the Inhabitants thereof shall have and enjoy all such immunities, privileges and pow- ers as Generall}' other Towns in this Province have and do by Law enjoy : — " This Bill having been read three Several times in the House of Representatives Pass'd to be Enacted. " [Signed] J. Quincy, Speaker. "This Bill, having been read three several times in Council, Pass'd to be Enacted. '• [Signed] Simon Frost, DepHy Sec'ry. "By his Excellency the Governour. I consent to the Enacting this Bill. " [Signed] J. Belcher. " Jan^. 26, 1738, Copy Exam''- " [Signed] Simon Frost, BepHy Sec'ry.''^ Brunswick thus became the eleventh corporate town in Maine. At the same time that the foregoing was passed, the General Court also 1 Known as the " Gore." 108 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AlSfD HARPSWELL. passed an Act authorizing and empowering Benjamin Larrabee, P^squire, " to warn the Inhabitants of said Town, qualifyed by Law to vote in Town affairs, to assemble and meet together in some Sutable Place on the first Monday of March next, to choose a Moderator, Town Clerk, and other Town Officers for the year then next ensuing." The date of the incoiporation of the town, it will be noticed, is given as Jan. 26, 1738. This is according to the old method of reckoning time. The date, according to the new style, M'ould be Feb. 4, 1739.^ [1739.] There were six town meetings in 1739. The first meet- ing of this year, and the first under the Act of Incorporation, was held March 28th. At this meeting the following officers were cho- sen : — Samuel Hinkley, Moderator and Town Clerk ; Captain Benjamin Larrabee, Samuel Hinkle}', John Getchell, James Dunning, and David Dunning, Selectmen ; John Malkeon, John Barrows, Con- stables ; Thomas Washburn, William Vincent, Samuel Whitney, and James How^e, Tything-Men ; Captain William Woodside, Wimond Bradbury, John Whitney, and Joseph Berry, Surveyors of High- ways ; Robert Spear and Cornelius Thompson, Fence-Viewers ; James Thompson, Town Treasurer ; John MacGregor and John McFarlin, Hog Constables ; Israel Mitchell and William Spear, Field- Drivers. One hundred and fift3'-three pounds and fifteen shillings were voted for town expenses for the year. At this meeting John Getchell, Robert Spear, Samuel Clark, James Thompson, Benjamin Parker, and Thomas Skolfield were chosen a committee to lay out highwaj's for the conven- ience of the town. Some proposition looking to the extermination of, or protection from wolves was doubtless made, as the town this j^ear voted, " That the wolves should be left till further consideration." In Juh' it was voted, " That the Minister Shuld Preach att y* South- east end of S** Town (att a place cal*^ Newmedows) according to what Rates and taxes they shall Pay towards the Support of the Ministry it being agreed upon by the whole Town." Against this action of the town, however, a protest was entered by Benjamin Whitney, Jean Brown, and William Woodside. A meeting held December 25th elected Captain Benjamin Larrabee a representative " to go to answer the presentment commenced against this town at the general Sessions of the Peace." It does not, however, ^ Town Records, Vol. 1; also Pejepscot Papers. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 109 appear from the records what was the nature of the action against the town or by whom it was brought. Possibl}' it may have been in con- sequence of their being no provision made that year for a school, as the law was then obligator}' upon all towns to make such provision. On Ma}' 30, of this year, the inhabitants of Mair Point petitioned the General Court, since one half of that point was within the bounds of the township of North Yarmouth and was twenty-five miles distant from the meeting-house in that town, b}' land, and ten miles distant by sea, with two dangerous ba3's to be crossed, and since the north- ed}' portion of the point was but two miles distant from Brunswick, that they might be set off from North Yarmouth and annexed to the town of Bninswick. An Act was passed, granting this privilege, which took eflfect, October 2d following. [1740.] The total appropriation for defraying the expenses of the town in 1740 was £248 IGs. Od. Of this amount £150 was for- the salary of Reverend Mr. Rutherford, and £80 for support of a school- master, leaving but £18 for contingent expenses. It was also voted this year to raise £200 as a settlement for Mr. Rutherford, " if he lives and dies minister of Brunswick," and a little more than one fourth of this amount was to be raised that year. The town voted not to send any re[)resentative this year to the General Court, and also voted to allow hogs to run at large, provided they were properly yoked and ringed. Harpswell Neck was this year set oflT from North Yarmouth and annexed to Brunswick as an " adjacent," ^ but was soon after set back again. [1742.] There were five meetings of the town this year. At the annual meeting in March, £246 was raised for current expenses, £150 of whicli was for the support and £66 for the settlement of the min- ister. At a meeting held May 15th, Mr. Henry Gibbs, a freeholder and resident in town, was admitted as "an inhabitant thereof," and he was, at the same meeting, elected to represent the town at the General Court. This action was evidently not the will of a majority of the voters of the town, as another meeting for the choice of a represent- ative was held on the 29th of June, and " it being put to vote whether to send one or not it was passed in the negative." Several matters pertaining to the vacant lands came up for discus- sion this year, and at a subsequent meeting it was voted, "• That all 1 Massachusetts Records, 1740, p. 351 ; also 303. 110 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. the vacant Land one the east side of the Maine Rode tliat buts one Brunswick falls Runing from s*^ falls a Loung the Shore till it coins to the south corner of the Cove near s*^ falls thence running a south Corse to the Rode that Leades to the Landing place ; to la}" common for convenency of Landing botes and cornews [boats and canoes] and for the Uce of the Inhabetence of the Town of Brunswick forever." It was also, at the same meeting, voted "that all that corner of vacant laud from the southwest corner of Fort George, thence running a west course till it comes to the river, thence down said river till it comes to the main road, thence along said road to the place of begin- ning." be left in common for the privilege of a grist mill ancf " for the Uce of the Inhabatence of the Town of Brunswick forever." The selectmen this year petitioned the General Court for an abate- ment of the tax assessed upon the town. The reasons for this request are best given in the petition itself, which is as follows : — " To HIS Excellency Jounathan Belcuer Esq". Capt. Generall axd Gov- ERXOUR IN CUIEF, ThE HONOURABLE HIS MAJESTIES COUXCILL AND THE Honourable House of Representatives of hks Majesties Province OF the Massachusetts Bay in New England in Generall Court assembled May, 1741. "THE PETITION OP US THE SUBSCRIBERS SELECTMEN OF THK TOWN OF BRUNSWICK IN THE COUNTY OF YORK. Humbly Sheweth. "That the Great and Generall Court were pleased to lay a tax of Thirty pounds (New tenner) upon the town of Brunswick which they are very unable to pay, and the Constables of S'' Town has Collected but a veiy small part b}- reason of their great poverty, for the Greater part of the Settlers have not been able, (as 3'et) to pa}' for their lots of land of one Hundred Acres Each which they have taken of the Pro- prietors tho at a Reasonable price, for the best lots do not exceed five shillings per acre, & other lots not above half so much, & tho some have lived upon S'^ lots, more than ten j-ears, & some near twenty, j'et by Reason of our Great Poverty & being often allarmed with the Rumour of Warr, & being often disturbed by the Insulting Indians, and many times are oblidged to Garrison our houses, which is very expensive, and always obliged to be well provided with arms & ami- nition, or Retire to other places of Safety with our familys & Cattle, & so oblidged to neglect our Husbandry whereb}- our familys have greatly sufered & have been Impoverished, and many families not being able to raize their own Provisions, are beholden to other parts of the Province for them, & in these times of rumour of Warr do the MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. Ill duty of Souldiers, in Defending ourselves & neiglibours, we being a frontier town, & so of service to the Province, tlie fort being Remote from the greatest part of the Inhabitants which Cant be avoided, for the benefit of Husbandr}', which Fort is a Great terror to the Indians and keeps them in some aw, j-et the}' oftentimes Insult»us in our private houses & when they are in any want of victuals, thej' kill our Cattle, which keeps us under fears & Discouragements, therefore your Peti- tioners Humbly pra}' that this Honourable Court would take the premisses into \o\xv wise Consideration and abate the tax laid upon the town of Brunswick for the jear 1740, and Excuse S"^ Town from paying Province taxes, for some time to come which will greatly incourage the Inhabitants to settle the remote parts of the Province where they can at present, (but with Great Difficult}') get a living, & Defend themselves & neighbours in these Exposed parts, tho the Greater part of the Inhabitants are not able to pay for the lots of land they are settled upon. The Honourable Courts compassion will greatly Incourage the Eastern Settlements, & by the smiles of Heaven, in a few j'ears, may become a usefuU part of the Province and by their Industry enabled cheerfully to pa}' such rates & taxes as shall be laid upon them for the future, and as in Duty bound your Peti- tioners shall ever pray.^ " Sam'-'- Hinckley. ] KoBERT Speek. Vo'eZec^men." Dayid Duning. j [1742.] The town in 1742, for the first time, sent a representative to "the Great and General Court," and David Dunning was elected to fill the office. [1743.] Two boards of selectmen were chosen in 1743. At the annual meeting held iu March, Isaac Snow, Samuel Hinkley, and Wymond Bradbury were chosen selectmen. Tliere was some informal- ity, however, about this meeting, A protest was made against it as illegal, by Captain William Woodside, James Dunning, Robert Finney, Robert Spear, David Dunning, David Giveen, and Samuel Clark, and the General Court ordered another meeting to be held on the 30th of August. This latter meetii!g " being purged of all illegal voters," an election of town officers was had, and Captain John Minot, Eben Stan- wood, and James Dunning were chosen selectmen and David Dunning, representative. At this meeting Wymond Bradbury was authorized to provide a pair of stocks for the town. 1 Pejepscot Papers, original document. 112 HISTORY OF BBUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAEPSWKLL. The decision of the General Court in regard to the illegalit}' of the first meeting was based on the fact that the meeting was not legall}^ warned, and that the assessors were not under oath when the}' took the vahiation of the town.' [1744.] The Court of General Sessions for the County of York, having decided that the special meeting of the town, held by order of the General Court in August, 1743, was likewise illegal, a new elec- tion was ordered and had, January' 17, 1744, at which a new board of town officers was chosen to serve out the unexpired portion of the fiscal year. Thomas Skolfield, Ebenezer Stanwood, and James Dun- ning were elected selectmen. At the annual meeting in March, a new board of selectmen was chosen for the ensuing 3'ear. No representative to the General Court was chosen. A committee was chosen at this meeting, to examine all the accounts of the town since its incorporation, and to settle all its affairs, and it was voted to raise no money for town purposes until the committee had reported. The committee were Deacon Samuel Hink- le}', Captain William Woodside, James Thompson, and Robert Finne}*, and ihey were authorized to call in to their assistance, if necessar}', Mr. Samuel Dinne (Denny?), of Georgetown. This committee, in December, brought in a full and detailed report of all moneys which had been received b}' the town treasurer, and of what had been dis- bursed by him, together with a statement of what was due the town from all sources ; with recommendations for the paj-ment of various suius claimed from the town for services rendered, etc. Among these items was one of six pounds due Deacon Samuel Hinkle}' " for ten days going after a minister to supply the town," and another of £3 10s. for a "constable's staff." The report of the committee was accepted. At a special meeting of the town in May, a committee was chosen to secure " a schoolmaster upon as reasonable terms as possible." At this meeting Deacon Samuel Hinkley was chosen '-a commissioner to appear at the Great and General Court held at Boston, to prefer a petition or petitions in behalf of the town." He was to receive his instructions from a committee consisting of the selectmen, and David Dunning, Ebenezer Stanwood, and Robert Finney. His compensation was to be 12s. per day and £5 for expenses. For what object a petition was to be presented does not appear from the records. It was, however, in all probability, in reference to an unfortunate ditfer- ' Massachusetts Records, 1743, p. 99. MUNICIPA L HISTOh Y OF BR UNS WICK. 1 1 3 ence that had arisen between the town and the proprietors. The lat- ter were exempt from taxation, and refused to assist in making the count}' roads which passed through their kinds. ^ The result was that the passions of the people were excited in relation to the matter, and the town, believing that unoccupied land might be taken and sold for public purposes, very injudicioush* granted one hundred acres of land each to Deacon Samuel Hiukley, Timoth}^ Tibbets, Cjpron Cornish, and Aaron Hinkley, it being stipulated in each grant, "Provided, that he make improvement on said land in defiance of the proprietors, Henry Gibbs & Companj-, and begin said settlement in three years from date hereof by building, fencing and improvmg, except he or they (his heirs) be put off by an enem3\" This trouble between the town and the [)roprietors was after some years amicably adjusted. The taxation bore so heavily upon the people at this time that the town voted not to exempt even the ' ' listed soldiers of the inhabe- tence " from payment. [1745.] The town this year voted to pa}' an annual salary- of fifteen shillings to the town treasurer, as a compensation for his services. The committee appointed in 1744 to receive the town money from the constables, and to settle all the accounts of the town, having made no report of their doings subsequent to the report of December of that year, the selectmen were directed to call them to an account, and to ascertain what money had been received and disbursed by them and what remained due to the town, and to report at the next town meeting. [1746.] The selectmen were unable to make any settlement of the financial affairs of the town with the committee who had been appointed as receivers, and accordingly in February, 1746, " Robert Finney was elected a Commissioner to the next Court of General Ses- sions in order to get the Report of the Committee chosen to end all debates and adjust all accounts appertaining to the town since it has been erected into a town." Finney was to be allowed twelve shillings per day for his services. The purpose for which he was appointed, as stated in the vote of election given above, ma}- have been to obtain a writ of mandamus against the town committee to compel them to do their dut}', or it may have been to have a decision upon the merits of the question made by the Court. At this same meeting, David Dunning was elected a commissioner to ap^)ear at the General Court in Boston, to prefer a petition in 1 Pejepscol Papers. 114 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. behalf of the town. He was to receive his instructions from a com- mittee consisting of Robert Spear, David Giveen, and Robert Finney, and was to recei\e £5 for his services and to be allowed £4 for his expenses. In the absence of an^' evidence in the matter, it is to be presumed that the object of the petition was the same as of the one presented the next year, and that, for some reason, this petition was never presented, or if presented was not acted upon. The town also voted at this meeting to raise no mone}" for current expenses, until that already- assessed had been paid in b}' the consta- bles to the receivers appointed by the town. [1747.] At the annual meeting in March, 1747, the town voted " to appl}' to the General Court for protection " against the Indians, and David Dunning was chosen to prepare a petition in behalf of the town, under instructions from Ebenezer Stanwood, John Getchel, and Thomas Skolfleld. He was to receive £9 for his services. This petition was, in all probability, favorably considered by the General Court, as the whole region from Wells to Topsham was at this time infested with savages.^ At all events, it was either considered and acted upon, or else previous action on the matter had alread}' been taken, for in May following. Captain Jordan was stationed at Topsham with thirt}" men.^ [1748.] The town, at its annual meeting in March, 1748, voted to send a petition, signed by the selectmen in behalf of the town, to the General Court, requesting to have Western men sent there for soldiers, instead of calling upon the inhabitants of Brunswick and its vicinity. The financial affairs of the town were still in an unsettled condition, and consequently a committee was chosen at a special town meeting held in May, "to shew-^ the Receiver and Treasurer that refuse to pa}' in the town's mone}' according to vote of the town, and said com- mittee is instructed to make up accounts with all or any person who haA'C any legal demands on the town." The town, moreover, at this meeting chose Deacon Samuel Hink- ley. Lieutenant Ebenezer Stanwood, and Robert Finney a connnittee to appear in behalf of the town at the quarter sessions for the county of York, to be held in Octol)er following, " to recover the town's legal debts and prosecute an^- person in whose hands the town's money may be found not paid out in the town's legal debts." In October of this 3'ear the selectmen assessed £50 on the citizens as a town fund, and to pay a premium for wolves' heads. 1 Williamson, History of Maine, 2, p. 252. '-2 Smith's Journal, p. 129. 2 i- e., to instruct. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 115 [1749.] The town, at a special meeting in January. 1749, ap- pointed Ensign William Vincent to inspect the fishery at Brunswick and to regulate the same according to instructions from the selectmen. A proposition was also made at this time to petition the General Court for the annexation to Brunswick of the precinct of Topsham. The question was laid on the table for consideration at a future meet- ing. [1750.] At the annual meeting in March, 1750, the town A'oted a present of £40, old tenor, to Reverend Mr. Dunlap, and voted to take up a contribution four times a year for the support of the Widow Mitchell. In May the town voted to raise £40, laiufid money, for Reverend Mr. Dunlap. £2G 13s. 4d. of this amount was to pay his salary and the balance to be a gratuity. It was also voted to raise £21 6.S. Od., lawful money, of which £13 6s. 8d. was for Mr. Dunlap's settlement, £5 6s. Sd. to make good the town stock of ammunition, and £2 13s. 4d. for other town expenses. The town declined this j-ear to raise any money for a schoolmaster. [1751.] At a town meeting in February, 1751, a committee was appointed to have the care and control of the common lands of the town, with authority to assess damages upon trespassers and to prosecute all such claims should recourse to law become necessary. It was also voted to add £13 6s. 8d. lawful money, to the salarj' of Reverend Mr. Dunlap, "providing he will take his pay in such specie as the town can pay him in at the market price, otherwise Mr. Dunlap must adhere to his first agreement with the town." A bount}' of £1 was offered by the town for each wolf killed by traps or pits within the limits of the town. It was also voted to raise £40, lawful money, in such specie as the town can produce in lumber, at the market price, and also to raise £8 in cash, to pa}' the minister's salary, £3 6s. 8d. for " Grann}' Mitchell," and £4 13s. 4cL for town expenses. [1752.] At the annual town meeting £4 was voted to Robert Smart " for building a pair of stocks and whipping-post at our meeting house." This 3'ear the town records begin to be double dated, in conse- quence of an Act of Parliament adopting the new style of reckoning time. As the difference between the old and new methods of reckon- ing time is now so generall}^ understood, it is unnecessary here to enter into anj' explanation of the matter. The records appear to be double dated from the first, but this is probably due to the interpola- tion of the second dates by some later town clerk. The preA ions 1 1 6 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. dates in this book have all been old st^'le, but what follow will all be according to the new stjie. [1753.] At the annual town meeting in March, 1753, a A'ote was passed to petition the General Court for power to tax the lands in town belonging to non-resident proprietors, unless they should speedily grant some satisfactory assistance to the inhabitants to enable them " to finish the Meeting house, settle the Minister and defi'a}' other publick charges." This vote was reconsidered at the October meeting, and it was then voted to dela}' action upon it until the following spring. At this October meeting Captain David Dunning was appointed a commissioner, in behalf of the town, to join the other towns in the count}' in signing a petition to have the county divided. The town also voted to raise £10, in lawful money, for a supply of ammunition and £20, old tenor, for the relief of Widow Mitchell. The ratable polls in Brunswick at this time were about eighty.^ [1754.] The town, in 1 754, voted to raise £55 for current expenses, " to be paid in lumber landed in Boston on or before September 1st." At the annual meeting in March, the question of taxing the lands of non-resident proprietors again came up, but the town then voted not to petition the General Court, at that time, for power to assess these lands, on account of the anticipation of a war. In September, however, the town voted that their representative should prefer such a petition to the General Court, and suitable instructions were accord- ingly' given, October 1st, to John Minot, J]sqnire, l)y a committee con- sisting of Samuel Hinklej', David Dunning, James Thompson, and Samuel Stanwood, who were appointed for that purpose. Those instructions were, in brief, that he should, with the assistance of an able lawyer, draw up a petition to tlie General Court, in which it should be stated that the town had undergone much difficulty and its settlement been retarded b}' reason " of the wars and incursions of the enem^' " ; that the town had not equal privileges with otlier towns, which could sell or grant vacant lands for pulilic uses, whereas those who were settled upon lands derived from proprietors could not do so. For this reason, the petition was to state further that tlie town pra^-ed " for power to rate the non-resident Proprietors' land for the sum of £200 for the following uses." 1. For finishing the meeting-house. 2. For the settlement of their minister. 3. For establishing a school in the town. ^ Memorandum on cover of Urunstcick Records, m Pejepscot Collection. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 117 4. To help clear and keep good the county road through the proprie- tors' lands ; which, '* if it should be insisted upon to make it a complete road would take the bigger part of said mone^'." The representative was also instructed that in case the proprietors would give security for the payment of £100 for the above-mentioned uses, he was authorized to withdraw his petition. ^ [1755.] In 1755 the town passed the following votes : — To pay John Orr £1, lawful mone}', " for collecting the Province rate at Topsham for 1752," and to pa}' William Spear an annual salary of Gs. " for sweeping the meeting-house, locking doors, and taking care of the key." The town decided not to petition the General Court for the annexa- tion of Topsham this year. The vote of the town in 1744, in regard to taxing soldiers, seems not to have been fully enforced, as instructions were this year given to the former constables of the town to proceed according to law to collect the taxes which had been assessed upon the officers and soldiers belonging to Fort George. Against this action of the town John Orr, John Smart, James Ellet, Samuel Clark, and Thomas Skoltield entered their dissent and protest. The selectmen this year sent the following petition to the General Court, applying for military relief: — ''PROVINCE OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY. " To HIS Excellency William Shiulky Esq. Captain General and Com- mander IN Chief of said Province, The Hon^^-e His Majestys Coun- ciLL, and House of Representatives in General Court Assembled August II^h 1756. THE MEMORIAL OF THE SELECTMEN OF THE TOWN OP BRUNSWICK Humbly Sheweth, " That in Consequence of a Memorial presented to this Court at their Sessions in May last representing the exposed circumstances of said Town b}- reason of the Enemy, this Hon** Court was pleased to order 14 men out of Capt. Samuel Goodwin's Company to scout on the back of the Inhabitants from Fort George to Maquoit untill the further Order of this Court ; the Benefitt of which they enjoyed but a very short time, not more than two weeks, when the aforesaid Order was superceeded on the Petition of Thomas Hancock Esq and others and 1 Pejepscot Papers. 118 HISTORY OF BliUJVSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPSWELL. on the 7th Jul}- it was ordered bj' this Court that said 14 men be returned to said Compan}- again by which means the Inhabitants at this Critical Season of their Husbandry are greatly exposed to the Incursions of the Indian enemy. As the former Memorial was in behalf of a Gainison situate near the meeting house on the main road from Maquoit necessary for the entertainment of Expresses, or any other Travellers in time of Warr kept b}- Mf Robert Speer who is greatly advanced in age, and very decrepid, the support of which Garrison would be a kind of Barrier to the Inhabitants, and a great Securit}' to the House of Publick Worship, these & many other rea- sons that might be urged in favour of said Garrison, induced your Memorialists then to apply to this Hou'^ Court for such Relief as should in their Wisdom seem meet. "And we now again humbly apply ourselves to this Hon*^ Court in behalf of said Town, and the afore"^ Garrison that the}* would be pleased to give such further Direction for their Relief as that they may be enabled to , pursue their Husbandry without that Danger to which they might otherwise be exposed. " And 3'our Memorialists as in Duty bound Shall ever pray &c.i " Thomas Skolfield, ] Selectmen of Sam'l Stanwood, ) Brunswick.'''' [1757.] In February, 1757, John Getchell and Captain David Dunning were appointed commissioners " to represent to the Colonel of this Regiment the difficult circumstances of this town, and to try for an abatement of the men he has sent for." This regiment was Colonel Ezekiel Cushing's at Falmouth. ^ The first set of weights and measures for sealing purposes was pur- chased this year. The number of polls in Brunswick at this time was ninety-two, and in the adjacent region it was eighty-one, of which number thirty-two were in that portion of Harpswell included within the boiuidar}- lines of North Yarmouth and Brunswick, and fort\'-nine were in Topsham.^ [1758.] This year the selectmen were instructed by the town " to acquaint the Honorable Board for levelling the province tax, concern- ing the adjacents that are taken of us." Harpswell was this year incorporated as a distinct town. [1760.] In compliance with an order of the General Court, a com- mittee was chosen by the town, in 1760, to communicate to the session ^ Pejepscot Papers. '^ Massachusetts Records, Vol.21. ^ Pejepjscot Papers. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 119 of the legislature to be held in Boston, on the first Tuesday of May, 1761, their desire that Brunswick might be comprehended in the new county of which it was desired that Falmouth might be the shire town. The various petitions sent in had the desired effect, and on June 19th, of this year, the county of York was divided into three counties, the most western one retaining the name of York, and the other two being named Cumberland and Lincoln, of which the latter was the most eastern. The dividing line between these two last commenced at the mouth of the New Meadows River, extended up that river to Stevens's Carrying-Place at its head, thence to and upon Merry- meeting Ba}-, and up the Androscoggin thirty miles. Owing to this division, Topsham came into Lincoln Count}'. It was voted this 3'ear that hereafter the eastern and western por- tions of the town ^ repair their own roads, and that the eastern end of the great pitch pine plains be the partition between each end of the town." Three shillings per day was allowed for men, and two shillings for each 3'oke of oxen employed upon the roads. £26 13s. id. was raised this year for the schoolmaster, and £45 for a town stock of ammunition. [1761.] John Minot was reqnested by the town this year to urge upon the General Court the propriety of taxing the lands of non-resi- dents, but he was unable to accomplish anything, because, as he says in a letter to " Gentlemen and neiglibors," dated May 22, " upon the Carpet there was nothing but the Bloody Sword drawn forth b}- our bitter enemy s & no man living then could give any judgment where or how things would end."^ The petition of the selectmen in 1760, desiring the General Court to include Brunswick in the new county to be established, was consid- ered in council, June 16, and dismissed, it appearing that the whole town was already' in the county of C'umberland.^ [1762.] A petition from a number of the residents at New Meadows, for separation from the western part of Brunswick, was this year presented to the General Court, and the following letter was sent to the proprietors : — " Boston, May y" U'\ 1762 " Gentlemen " I with a number of the Inhabitance of Brunswick Have Pettitioned the Court to have that Part of said town Called New Meadows, made ^ Pejepscot Papers. ^Ibid. 120 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. into a seperate Distrect — for we find \)\ Longe expereance that it is Iinposable for us to Injo}' the preaching of the Gosple while togather — We likewise want to be Joynecl to the Lower Count}' as we can then attend Court with Greater ease and less Charge — as we have had our Lands from you, gentlemen, and as I Have endevored to serve the Intrest of your Company so far as it was in my power ; and am read}'' still to do so — and tho' it was but Lettel I Could or Can do to serve yon — yet Gentlemen I have some reason to Hope that you will look on my Honest Intentions to serve you to be equal to the thing, shall therefore request of you Gentlemen who have a Seat in the general Court to use 3'our Intrest in favor of said Pettition, and you Gentlemen that Have no Seat in that Honourable House, I must also beg of you not to say anything to its predigue. In the mean while Gentlemen I remain " Your most obedient Humble Servant " Aaron Hinkley.^ "To Belcueu Noyes Esq. Clerk of the Pejopscot Company . • to he commxinicMtecl " [1763.] The town in 1763 again voted to petition the General Court to have the lands of non-resident proprietors taxed, and also that this petition should be signed by the selectmen and town clerk, and that some gentleman in Boston should be employed to present it and to speak in behalf of the town. It was also voted to set off and sell thirteen pews on the floor, and sixteen pews in the galler}', of the west meeting-house, '' the oldest inhabitants that have no pews to have the preference in buying said pews," and the proceeds of the sale to go towards defraying the expenses of repairing and finishing the meeting-house. [1766,] January 13, 1766, John Miller, his wife Jane, and his daughter Margret. and their families, were warned to leave town, in accordance with law, to prevent the possibility of their coming upon the town for assistance. Since this was, doubtless, the Reverend Mr. Miller who was settled three or four vears before over the First Parish, it shows that the town paid no respect to persons in this matter, but served all alike who had no visible pecuniar}- means of support. This law was enforced here as late as 1792. [1767.] The town this year voted to pay Mr. Hunt three dollars for building a new pair of stocks. Tliis is the first mention made of d'lUars in the town records. ^ Pejepscot Papers. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 121 The town also voted sixteen shillings per 3'ear for a sexton for the west meeting-honse, and two dollars per year for one for the east meeting-house. [1768.] At a meeting held September 22d, Aaron Hinklej^ was elected a delegate from Brunswick "to join the committee at Boston in order to consult and advise such measures as should be thought best for the peace and safety of his Majestj-'s subjects in this Province," and Thomas Skolfield, Isaac Snow, Captain Dunning, Samuel Thompson, and William Woodside, Jr., were appointed a committee to furnish him with instructions. By the term "committee" in the above extract from the records must be meant the Provincial Convention of delegates, which commenced its session that very day at Boston, in place of the General Court, which the governor had refused to convene without the consent of his Majesty, the king. The invitation to send a delegate from Brunswick was not received until two days before the convention met.i [1771.] In 1771 Aaron Hinkle}', Isaac Snow, and Thomas Skol- field were chosen a committee ' ' to answer the petition that thcselect- men of Topsham put into the General Court in May last." This peti- tion was to have the boundary line between the two towns so defined as to give the islands in the river to Topsham. [1774.] The selectmen were instructed, in 1774, to lay out the 1,000 acres of Commons, and have a plan made of the same, in order that a deed of it could be obtained from the proprietors. It was voted, at the annual meeting, to again petition the General Court for power to tax land belonging to non-residents. At a meeting held August 3d, " the town took under consideration the difficulties of the Province, and unanimously agreed to the non- importing of English goods, imtil the matter in dispute between Great Britain and her colonies be reconciled." The selectmen were directed to ascertain the quantity of ammuni- tion the town had in stock, and to purchase, if necessary', a new sup- pi}'. The port of Boston having been closed by Act of Parliament on account of the seizure of the tea, it was thought best to assist that town by subscription. At a meeting held on the seventeenth of September, Captain Moul- ton, Samuel Stauwood, and Samuel Thompson were chosen a commit- tee " to meet the Falmouth committee that are to meet at Falmouth, on Wednesda}', the twenty-first day of September, instant, to consider * McKeen, Manuscript Lecture. 122 HISTORY OF BliUNSlVICK, TOPSHAM, AKD HARPSWELL. what nioasures will be best to adopt for the good of the country and town." At a meeting of the town held on the seventeenth of November, the proceedings of the Continental Congress and of the Provincial Con- gress were read. The Provincial Congress had passed a resolution which was, in substance, that the inhabitants of the Province should inunediately provide themselves with arms and ammunition, and should use their utmost diligence to perfect themselves in military skill ; and if any town was not provided with a full stock of anununition, according to law, that tlie selectmen of such town should take ert'ectiial care withi>ut delay to provide the same.^ The Provincial Congress also appointed Henry Gardner, Esquire, of Stow, receiver-general of all moneys for the use of the Province.- The town, accordingly, adopted a resolution, " that it be our opinion that it is very proper to choose Militia othcers in this town forthwith and act agreeably to the directions in the Provincial Congress." An election of militia officers then took place ; Samuel Thompson being chosen* captain, Kobert Dunning, lieutenant, Thomas Thompson, ensign, and Stephen Getchell, clerk. A resolution was also adopted, " That the money voted in May last by our representatives be paid in to Henry Gardner, Esq., of Stow, and that, if any other or former collectors have any Province money in their hands that they pa}' the same to the said Henry Gardner, Esq." Brunswick was represented in the Provincial Congress by Samuel Thompson. The Continental Congress at Philadelpliia, on the twentieth of Octo- ber, entered into an association or agreement, providing for the non- importation of goods, wares, or merchandise from Great Britain, Ireland, or other of the British possessions ; also, providing for the non-consuuiption of such articles, and for the non-exportation of home products. There were also articles abolishing the slave-trade ; pro- viding for improvement in the breed of sheep, and to prevent their being killed, unnecessarily, for food ; encouraging frugality, economy, and industry, and looking to the promotion of agriculture, the arts, and manufactures in this country, and discountenancing every species of extravagance ; guarding against extortion on the i>art of traders on account of the scarcit}' of goods, etc. The eleventh article, to which allusion is made below, was, in substance, that a committee should be chosen in every town to ol)serve the conduct of all persons, and when ^American Archins, Fourth Series, Vol. l,p. S52. 'Ibid ,p. 851. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 123 the committee were satisfied that any person had violated the provis- ions of the agreement, the trnth should be published in the Gazette., " to the end that all sucli foes to the riglits of British Americans may be publicly known & universall}' contemned, as tiie enemies of Amer- ican Liberty : and thenceforth we will break off' all dealings with him or her." i These proceedings having been read in full to the meeting, the town resolved, "that the proceedings of the Grand Congress be adopted and much applauded by this town, quite unanimous," and Tobias Ham, Nathaniel Larrabee, James Curtis, Samuel Stanwood, Ebenezer Stan wood, and Thomas Thompson were elected "a com- mittee to see to the due observance of the eleventh article in the pro- ceedings of the Grand Congress." There is on file a warrant of this year, in his Majestj^'s name, call- ing the voters to choose a representative to the legislature at Salem, but no meeting was held, as the citizens no longer recognized the ro3'al authority. 2 [1775.] At a meeting of the town held January 10, 1775, the pro- ceedings of the Provincial Congress, at Concord, in December, were unanimousl}' approved, with the exception of the article relating to "storing the goods after the tenth of October next," in regard to which article the vote was seventy-nine yeas and twelve nays. A vote was also passed " that if a Number out of the several com- panies of militia should list as minute men," then each town ought " to make them such reasonable satisfaction as shall be thought proper by the town where they belong " Samuel Thompson, who was now a colonel, was elected as delegate to the Provincial Congress. At a meeting held March 9, Benjamin Stone, Nathaniel Larrabee, , James Curtis, Deacon Stanwood, and Aaron Ilinkley, Esquire, were elected " a Committee of safety to consult what they shall think best at this crisis and make report at the adjournment of this meeting." At a meeting held six days later, in tiie west meeting-house, the town voted " to pay Henry Gardner Esq. all the Province Money in the hands of the collectors of the town, agreeable to the advice of our Congress." At a meeting held April 27, Aaron Hinkley, Deacon Samuel Stan- WDQd, Benjamin Stone, Captain Curtis, and Captain William Stanwo€)4v Jr., were chosen a Committee of Correspondence and also a Committee of Supplies, to provide ammunition and whatever else was thought necessary for the safety of the town. ^American Archives, Fourth Scries, Vol. 1, p. 915. ^ Pejepscot Papers, 124 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HABPSWELL. At a subsequent meeting, Reverend John Miller, Benjamin Eideout, Gideon Owens, Joseph Melcher, Joseph Allen, Colonel Samuel Thom- son, David Brown, George Hayden, Benjamin Hinkle}', and Ben- jamin Larrabee were added to " the Committee of Inspection," as the Committee of Safety was also designated. Samuel Thompson was elected delegate to the Provincial Congress, from Brunswick and Harpswell, and he was to serve for one year after the last Wednesday in the following May. The selectmen were instructed to inform the Committee on Supplies why the town did not compl}- with their request in regard to coats, etc., for the army. At a meeting held on the fourth Tuesda}' in May, it was voted that the poAvder and flints provided \>y the town should be equally divided to each man in town, and the town was to pay the cost of procuring the powder ; and '' if the men who enlist under Captain Curtis should be called away, for them to carry their ammunition with them." A patrol was established this year, under the direction of the officers of the militia. In consequence of the public distress and the gi'ievonsness of the taxes. Reverend Mr. IMiller and Mr. John Farren, the schoolmaster, voluntarily gave up a portion of their salaries, and Thomas Skolfield and Nathaniel Larrabee, two of the selectmen, served the town in that capacity gratuitously. [177G.] At the annual meeting in March, 1776, James Curtis, Samuel Stanwood, Thomas Thompson, Andrew Dunning, and Nathan- iel Larrabee were chosen a Committee "of Correspondence, Inspec- tion and Safety." At a subsequent meeting, held May 27, it was voted " to send a petition to the Great and General Court," and the selectmen, together ■with the Committee of Correspondence and Samuel Thompson, now a brigadier-general, Thomas Skolfield, and Thomas Cotton, were elected a committee to draft the petition. What the object of this petition was has not been ascertained. Deacon Samuel Stanwood was chosen a commissioner to present this petition at the General Court. A meeting was held May 31st at which " It was nnanimously voted that if the Honourable Congress should, for the safet}' of the United Colonies, Declare themselves Independent of the King of Great Bri- tain, that the}' will solemnly engage with their lives and fortunes to support the Congress in that measure." The selectmen were in- structed to deliver the powder that was brought hy Brigadier Thomp- son to the captains of the militia, for them to deliver to the men, when necessary. Brigadier Thompson received fifty, and Deacon Samuel MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 125 StanwoocI thirt3'-nine votes for representative to the General Court, and the town then voted to send them both, — they agreeing to serve for half-fees. At a meeting held December 24th, " after due consideration on a Resolve of the Great and General Court of this State, dated Septem- ber 17, 177G," it was voted, "That the present House of Repre- sentatives of this State, with the Council, should consult and agree on some form of Government that shall most conduce to the safety, peace, and happiness of this State in all after generations." Brigadier Samuel Thompson was chosen to represent the wishes of the town at the General Court, agreeably to the above-mentioned resolve. [1777.] At a special town meeting, held in February, 1 777, Deacon Snow and Captain Robert Dunning were elected to fill the places of Deacon Stanwood and Captein Curtis, and at the annual meeting, March 4, INIajor Nathauiel Larrabee, Doctor Samuel Dunken, Captain Robert Dunning, Robert Spear, and Andrew Dunning were chosen a Committee of Correspondence, etc. At a meeting held May 22, Thomas Skolfield was elected a recog- nizee, i. e., an oflicer empowered to take recognizances. Tlie select- men were instructed to execute the law '' concerning monopoly and oppression." Notwithstanding the exciting and trying circumstances connected with the war of Revolution then going on, the citizens were not unmindful of the interests of education, for the town voted to have a school this year and to pay a schoolmaster £30. A committee was at this time appointed to procure a teacher. At a meeting held on the twenty-seventh day of November, in pur- suance of an Act of the General Court, entitled "An Act for supplying the Families of the Soldiers in the Continental Service," the town voted to supply the families of the men thus engaged, agreeably to the afore- said resolve. ¥ov this purpose, £20 were voted and Benjamin Stone, Samuel Stanwood, James Curtis, Nathaniel Larrabee, and Robert Dunning were elected a committee to attend to its disbursement [1778.] At the annual meeting of the town in Marcli, 1778, it was voted to allow Mr. Josiah Simpson eight pounds and four shillings for his service in carrying the baggage of twenty-two men from Bruns- wick to Boston the previous year. It was also voted " to supply the wives of those men that went for this town into the Continental army, by way of subscription, — they to be allowed the market price for s*^ articles that they shall find for s^ use." Lieutenant Thomas Berry, Nicholas Rideout, Captain Robert Dunning, John Dunning, and 126 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. William Woodside were elected as Committee of Correspondence, etc. The proprietors made an agreement with Aaron Hinkley for him to survey the town Commons. This he had done, but the survey dilfered so much from the plan made by James Scales, " and the inhabitants made so much uneasiness about it," that it was laid one side, and the Scales plan was accepted. The proprietors complain, however, of the neglect of the selectmen in the matter.^ This explains why, at a subsequent meeting, held JNfay 12, the town voted to have the Commons surveyed, but laid upon the table till the next meeting the clause in the warrant relative to appl3-ing to the proprietors for a deed. At this meeting, Aaron Hinkley, William Stanwood, and Andrew Dunning were chosen to consult as to the best method for supporting the fami- lies of soldiers. " Then the votes were brought in for the proposed form of govern- ment, and there appeared to be for said form three, and against said form seventy five." This vote was in regard to a proposed new con- stitution for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which was not rat- ified by the towns in consequence of several serious defects contained in it. At a meeting held June 2, Aaron Hinkle^', William Stanwood, Jr., and Captain Curtis were chosen " to give our Representative Instruc- tions." What these instructions were has not been ascertained. A vote was also passed at this meeting that the one hundred and fift}'- eight dollars given, as an additional bount}', to the five men who went into the service, agreeably to a resolve of the General Court, of April 20, 1778, should be paid b}' a tax on the polls and estates of the west end of the town. The only explanation of this vote which we can sug- gest is, that the east end of the town ma}' have furnished the five men called for, and should therefore be exempt from paying any bounty. At a meeting held on the tenth of June, the town voted " to lay out the Commons agreeable to the minutes that were read, viz., S"^ Commons to be bounded on the head of Middle Bay lots and to exteuil northerly between and adjoining upon the lots that front iqjon the twelve rod road and the lots that front upon Mericouege marshes, and upon the lots that front upon New Meadows river, until 1,000 acres be completed." Captain James Thompson protested against this vote, probably for fear lest the Commons might encroach upon his lot. A committee was chosen, however, to lay out the land in conformity witli this vote, and Stephen Getchell was chosen surve3'or. ' Brunswkk Records, in Pejepscot Collection. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 127 At a meeting held on the 10th of September, it was voted " that such shirts as are fit to be sent to our brethren in the arm^' be 48/ each ; that good shoes for said service be 54/ , each pair ; that good stock- ings for said service be 30/, each pair." At a meeting held December 25, the town voted to accept of the surve}- of the Commons as laid out b}- the committee chosen the pre- vious May, but not to accept a deed of them from j!so3'es, if made according to Hinkley's survey. A committee was chosen to consult with the proprietors' agent in regard to the matter. [1779.] Brigadier Thompson, William Stanwood, and Doctor Dunken were chosen a committee to supply' the families of those men who went from this town into the Continental service with such neces- saries as the}' might need. The town also voted an appropriation of £200 for that purpose. James Elliot, Jr., Samuel Dunlap, Samuel Stanwood, Jr., Thomas Godfrey, and Stephen Pennell were chosen a Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety. The selectmen were, at this meeting, instructed to procure a deed of the Commons, and the committee chosen to Xay out the Commons were directed to complete their work as speedily as possibly. The selectmen were also instructed to take effectual means to secure, for the benefit of the town, the growth of lumber on the Commons. Thomas' Pennell was allowed £4 8s., " it being for so much Counter- feit Money he took in part of his tax in the year 1776." Four prisoners — probably British soldiers — were taken care of in Brunswick this year, and the town consequently voted the following sums as compensation to those having charge of them : — To Captain Dunlap .... £6 8n. Od. " "'. Thompson ... 440 " Lieutenant Berrj- . . . . 14 " Mr. John Dunning . . . 2 14 The sum of three pounds was also voted to Jacob Anderson for ser- vices in carrying shirts, shoes, and stockings to Portland. At a special meeting in August, the town voted its approval of the transactions of the convention held at Concord on the fourteenth of July preceding. The object of that convention was to establish a State price-current, and to adopt other measures to prevent monopol}', extortion, and unfair dealing, and spirited resolutions were passed, fixing the prices of several articles of merchandise.^ ^ History of Concord, Mass., p. 122. 128 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. Aaron Hinkley, William Stanwood, Thomas Skolfield, Joseph Cur- tis, and Deacon Stanwood were chosen a committee " to set the prices on the articles in the town and cany the resolution into effect." They were also directed to inform the committee of the town of Boston con- cerning the action taken in this matter by Brunswick. At a meeting on the ninth of November, an account of the proceed- ings of the convention held at Concord in the previous month was read, audit was thereupon unanimously voted, " to stand by the proceedings of said convention," and Aaron Hinkley, Deacon Stanwood, Thomas Skolfield, Captain Curtis, and Captain William Stanwood were elected a committee " to see said resolutions put into execution." The con- vention referred to was held at Concord on the sixth of October, at which a revision of the price-current adopted at the July convention was made, and resolutions were passed relating to trade, currency, etc. County and town meetings were recommended to cany these resolutions into etfect.^ [1780. J At the annual meeting in March, 1780, the following appropriations were voted : The sum of $4,050 for highways, and to pay out of this thirty dollars per day for the labor of each man, twenty-five dollars for each pair of oxen, and five dollars for each cart, £12 to William Spear for his services for two years as sexton of the west meeting-house, and twenty-five dollars per dav as compensation to the selectmen, "■ they to find themselves and paper." The town at this time elected Brigadier Thompson as its agent to the General Court, in conformitj' with a resolve of that body, passed December 4, 1779. At a meeting held May 15th, the town postponed voting in regard to a change of the State Constitution until the next meeting. Proba- bly the next meeting of the town occurred too late ifbr the vote of Brunswick to have an}' eflfect, since no vote of the kind was recorded at any subsequent meeting this year. About this time a circular letter was received from Jere Powell, President of the General Assembly of Massachusetts Bay, desiring, in urgent terms, the town to furnish its proportion of blankets needed for'the army at once,^ as called for, amongst other things, by a resolve of that bod}' passed the previous j'ear. The town accordingly voted to furnish the blankets and other articles and '• to allow for each pair of good shoes, such as the agent will receive so much of the present currenc}' as will purchase seven * History of Concord, Mass , p. 122. '^Pejepscot Papers. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 129 pecks of Indian corn, and for stockings of the like qualit}', the vahie of five pecks of corn, and for shirts the same price as of shoes, and for blankets — them that are good — the value of four bushels in said currency." At a meeting lield September 4th, tlie town cast its first vote for governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, lieutenant-governor, and senator. Whom the town voted for as governor is not men- tioned, but undoul)tedly it was John Hancock. Honorable Samuel Adams received a majority of eleven votes as lieutenant-governor, and John Lewis, Esquire, fourteen votes as senator. Honorable James Bowdoin received three votes as lieutenant-governor. At a meeting in October, Brigadier Thompson, Doctor Dunken, and John Given were chosen as a committee to procure the beef which had been demanded by the General Court for the supplj' of the arm}-. The}- were instructed that, if the}' were unable to procure the whole amount, they should, with the selectmen, make known to the General Court the reasons why they were unable to furnish all, and were authorized to make up the deficiency in the amount, in money. The selectmen were instructed to assess sufHcient to cover the amount paid out by this committee. [17"<1.] At the annual meeting in March, 1781, the selectmen were directed to inform the General Court that the resolve of Decem- ber 4, 17S0, concerning beef, was not received in season for the town to comply with its requirements. At a meeting held on the nineteenth of July, the town voted to comply with the last requisition of the General Court, in regard to furnishing beef for the army, and to raise £204, cash, to procure the beef. A committee Avas also chosen to obtain the beef. At a meeting held on the twenty-fifth of December, Samuel Stan- wood, Captain William Stanwood, Jr., AVilliam Woodside, Aaron Hinkley, Doctor Samuel Dunken, and Captain James Curtis were chosen a committee to prepare a petition to the General Court, " con- cerning our present circumstances and our inability of paying our taxes in specie, and to lay the petition before our March meeting, for approbation or amendment." [1782.] The above-mentioned petition was presented to the town at its annual meeting in ]\Iarch, 1782, and adopted. At this meeting Samuel Woodward, Jacob Anderson, and Samuel Stanwood, Jr., were chosen a Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety. This was the last time such a committee was raised by the town. At a meeting in June, it was voted that " the several classes in y ]30 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARP SWELL. this town procure the three men called for b}- the General Court with- out delay." To promote the enlistment of soldiers, the town was divided into districts, which are designated above as " classes." Wolves must have become very troublesome at this time, for the town, at this meeting, offered a bounty of 20s. for each and every grown wolf killed within its limits, and 40s. to every person who would make pits or traps for tlieir destruction. On January 2, 1783, the following petition to have the town excused from paying a fine, for not furnishing the three men called for in 1782, was presented to the legislature by a committee of the town : — "To THE Honourable the Si;nate & Hoxourable House of representa- tives OF the commonwealth of Massacusetts in Gkneral Court to be assembled on the last Wednesday of January 1783. "THE PETITION OF US SUBSCRIBERS (BEING A COMMITTEE CHOSEN BY THE FREE HOLDERS AND OTHER INHABITANTS OF THIS TOWN OP BRUNSWICK IN THE COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND REGULARLY ASSEMBLED), Humbly Sheweth. " That whereas the Inhabitants of this Town have exerted themselves to the utmost of their power, in answering all requisitions that has been required of them During the present warr, but could not procure the last three men which was required for want of raonej' ; and whereas we understand that we have been overated in our taxations for some years past, both for men, money, & Beef, we Humbly pray y' Hon" to Excuse us from the fine that is laid on us for said three men — Your Hon" cannot be Ignorant of our Circumstances in these parts — How our Coast is (almost continually) Invested with the Enemy Depriving us of our Vessels &. Substance, So as we cannot gett to markett such commodities as we could spare. We are well assured that the farr Greater part of the Inhabitants here would be willing to suffer, and has suffered, in order to help on the present occation but for want of a Markett Cash is exceeding scarce among us — and many has & are moving back into the wilderness, because thej' cannot pa}' their taxes, therefore we Humblj' pray that we ma}- be eased of the above men- tioned fine but as for the average pait we mean to endeavour to pa}'^ as soon as possible but If executions should be issued out against us suddentl}', it would (we fear) Discourage the poor Inhabitants very much, therefore Relying on xonv Ilon'^ great wisdom, to consider our Circumstances, not Doubting but that you will I^lndeavour to pronjpte our Wellfare & Happiness in these parts as well as in the other parts MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 131 of this commonwealth, And ^yonr Humble Petitioners as in Duty bound shall ever pra^'.^ "Thos. Skolfield ■] "Brunswick, Jany 2'* 1783. James Curtis i ^ ^ , „ y Committee. Sam'll Standwood I Natii'l Larrabee J In answer to this petition the legislature passed a resolve, which was approved by the governor, excusing the town from pa3-ment -of any fine, provided they would pay into the treasur}'^ of the Common- wealth the sum of £185 4s 1-^d., which was the average price paid for the enlistment of three men.^ The town this year voted to pa}' Brigadier Thompson £30 IGs. 3d. for his services as delegate to the Provincial Congress in the 3"ears 1774 and 1775. Reverend IMr. Miller, Nathaniel Larrabee, Thomas Skolfield, Deacon Dunning, and Captain Gross were chosen a commit- tee to answer a letter which had l)een received from the Committee of Correspondence of Boston. Their answer was as follows : — "At a legal Town meeting held in Brunswick, on Thursday, the 2Gth of June, 1783, in answer to ^our letter respecting the return of the Refugees and Conspirators who endeavored to deprive us of our rights and privileges bj' joining with the King of Great Britain, it is the unanimous opinion of this town that they ought never to be sutfered to return but to be excluded from having lot or portion in an}' of the United States of America." November 20th, of this j'ear, the Pejepscot proprietors gave to the town a deed of the town Commons. (See chapter on Public Lands, Roads, etc.) [1784.] At the annual meeting in March, 1784, the town voted to take no action upon the article in the warrant concerning paying Brigadier Thompson's demands for expenses incurred in hiring men to serve in the army in the year 1781. He had probably acted in the matter on his own responsibilit}', and the town did not consider itself legalh' bound to repay him. The selectmen were, at this time, instructed to take proper care of the town Commons, and to dispose of the lumber on them as they might think to be for the best ad- vantage of the town. [1785 ] In 1785 William Owen was elected representative to the General Court, and it was voted that in case that bod}' refused to receive him in that capacity, he was to act as the town's agent to ^Pejepscot Papers. ^ Massachusetts Records, Vol. ii. '413 132 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AJS'D IIARPSWELL. answer the Topsham petition. This petition was the renewal of a former one, to have the islands in the Androscoggin River annexed to Topsham. [178G.] At a special meeting in January, 1786, a committee was chosen to petition the General Court for some abatement of the town's assessment in the next State tax. The town voted to hold every alternate town meeting at the east meeting-house. A I'esolution was adopted that it was the unanimous desire of the town that a canal be cut througli from New Meadows River to ]Merryn)eeting Bay. It was also voted to be the unanimous wish of the town that the counties of York. Cumberland, and Lincoln be made a separate State, and Aaron Ilinklcy was elected a delegate to a convention to be held at Portland (Falmouth) for the consideration of this subject. [17S7.] The town this j^ear again voted in favor of making York, Cumberland, and Lincoln Counties a separate State. At a meeting held on the eighteenth of December, the town voted — twenty-three to seven — "to accept of the proposed form of Gov- ernment for the LTnited States as it now stands," and Captain John Dunlap was elected a delegate to an assembly which was to meet at the State House in Boston, on the second Wednesday in January, 1788, for its adoption or rejection on the part of Massachusetts. This was the vote of Brunswick on the question of the acceptance, by the States, of the Constitution of the United States. [1788.] At the annual town meeting in 1788, Captain John Peter- son, Deacon Dunning, and Nathaniel Larrabee were chosen a commit- tee to petition the General Court for a modification of the "Fish Act." The town very injudiciousl}' voted to lease one hundred acres of the Commons to William Marriner, and the selectmen were authorized to lease as much more to other parties as might be desired. A vote was passed this year, that all future town meetings should be held at the west meeting-house. On the eighteenth of December, the town, for the first time, voted for Presidential electors, anil Honorable Dummer Sewall and Samuel Freeman received a majority of the votes cast. [1789.] The town this year decided to hold one annual meeting out of three at the east end of the town, and to hold all its other meetings alternately at the east and west ends. \s), [1^9^-] This year Benjamin Chase, his tamilv and estate, were set V I off from the town of Freeport and annexed to the town of Brunswick. ' 1 Massachusetts Special Laws, 1, p. 277. MUNICIPAL inSTOKY OF BIWNSWICK. 133 [1791 ] The vote for representative to Congress in November. 1 7!HJ, seems to have been in some wa}- illegal, as a special meeting was called Jaiinary 2'), 1791, for the purpose of another election, at which Genei-al Litligow received a majority of eighteen votes. At the annual meeting this jear, a committee was chosen to locate a canal from ISIaquoit Bay to the Androscoggin River, but the town afterwards reconsidered the vote. An address from the senators and representatives in the district of Maine was read, and the town then voted — seventy-one to twentj- five — in favor of a separate State. [1792.] The town, in 1792, voted against the separation of the District of Maine from Massachusetts, by a vote of sixty-one to sixteen. [1793.] In 1793 the town voted that the selectmen should be instructed to take an account of the paper-money in Captain Stan- wood's hands, and direct him to dispose of it in the best manner he could, and deposit the proceeds in the town treasury. Tiie town also voted to dismiss the article in the warrant, concern- ing l)uilding a new meeting-house. [1794.] In 1794, the question of making the District of Maine into a State was again voted on. The vote stood four in favor and thirty- five against so doing. The town also voted -'to allow Nathaniel Larrabee five pounds in full for his past service as town clerk, which is twenty -eight years." The town this year voted, unanimousl}', ''in favor of revising the Constitution." Whether it was the State or national Constitution is not specified. It was, i)erliaps, the latter, as the eleventh article of the Constitution of the United States was offered in Congress in 1794, and probably was not presented to the State, for ratification or rejec- tion, much earlier than this. [1795.] The town again, in 1795, voted — sixty-three to twenty- three — against the formation of a new State. [1790.] "At a very full and respectable meeting of the town of lirunswick, legally assembled the fourteenth da}- of Ma}', 1790, for the sole purpose of taking into consideration the state of our public affairs with res[)ect to the treaty between Great Britain and America, voted unanimously to support the Constitution of the United States." [1797.] The town, in 1797, again voted against the formation of a new State. [1798.] In 1798 it was voted by the town that the selectmen should give a deed of the two hundred acres of land which the town 134 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. had previously voted for the benefit of Bowdoin College, and the}' were instructed, if necessarj^, to petition the General Court for the requisite authority. A committee was also chosen "to settle some accounts disputable between the Baptist and Congregational societies in this town." At a meeting held in October to consider in regai'd to the formation of a new county from several of the towns in Cumberland and Lin- coln Counties, the town voted to send Nathaniel Larrabee as a dele- gate to a convention to be held in Hallowell, with instructions to vote against the project of a new county, unless Brunswick could be made the shire town. [1799.] In 1799 the town, although there was no war, raised one fifth as large an amount of money for gunpowder as it did for schools ; thirty pounds being appropriated for the former and one hundred and fifty pounds for the latter. [1802.] Appropriations by the town in 1802 were $1,000 for schools, and three hundred and fifty dollars for contingent expenses. This year men were allowed for labor on the highways one dollar per day, and sixty-six cents per day for each pair of oxen. [1806.] The town, in 1806, appointed a committee to consult with the towns of Durham and Freeport, to see if they would join with Brunswick in building a workhouse or a poorhouse, and upon what terms they would do so. [1807.] The records do not state what the decision of these towns was, but it may be inferred from the vote of Brunswick, in 1807, to build a house for the town poor, which should be thirty-six feet long, twenty feet wide, and two stories high. The town voted to have it located in the vicinity of Samuel Beals's,^ and appropriated two hun- dred and seventy-five dollars to finish the outside. [1808.] In 1808 the town voted that at the annual meetings in Maich, April, and May, every legal voter should take his seat in the meeting-house, and there remain until the moderator of the meeting should b}^ name call upon him to come forward and put in his vote. This rather dilatory method of voting was, undoubtedly, tried as a remedy for the disorderly conduct so often prevalent at municipal meetings. A committee was chosen this year to apply to the Pejepscot proprie- tors for permission to sell and dispose of the town Commons, ministry and school lots, " and marsh," the interest of such sales to be appro- i/< stood on the lot in the rear of Mrs. Frances Owen's residence, on Federal Street. MUmCIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 185 priated for the use of schools, or in such other way as the town sliould think proper. As no answer to any request of this kind can be found in the town records, or in the Pejepscot Papers or Records, it is suffi- cientlj' evident that no such permission was ever granted. The effect of the Embargo Law, passed in Congress on the previous December, was severely felt throughout New England, and Brunswick formed no exception. The town therefore voted to present a respect- ful petition to the President of the United States praying him to sus- pend the law lajing an embargo, either wholly or in part. The selectmen were also requested to transmit to the selectmen of the town of Boston a copy of the proceedings of the town of Bruns- wick, and to assure them of their cordial co-operation with the inhab- itants of that metropolis in an^' constitutional measures necessary- to obtain a removal or alleviation of the grievances the}' suffered from a suspension of commerce. [1809,] On January 23. 1809, the town adopted the following reso- lutions : — " 1st. Resolved, That the inhabitants of this town do consider the Act of Congress laying a permanent embargo as directly repugnant to the spirit of the Constitution of the United States and the several sup- plementary acts, but especially the act passed on the sixth of January inst., as alarming violations of the express provisions of that Constitu- tion ; that the}' tend directly to the annihilation of the revenue, while they greath' increase the expenses of the United States ; to produce and daily aggravate distress among the great bod}' of the people, and if long continued to excite domestic convulsions. " 2d. R'isolvad, That the last act of Congress designed to enforce the embargo, when its utter inutility either as a measure of precaution or as a measure of coercion, upon those belligerents whose decrees and orders eff"ect our commerce, is acknowleged by all, forces upon us the apprehension that the embargo originated in the will of that Emperor who has declared that he will compel the United States to take part in the war either as friends or allies. " 3d. Resolved, That we believe it is the intention of the adminis- tration to unite with France in a war against Great Britain, a war which we deprecate as neither just, necessary or wise ; since we are persuaded that all matters of dispute between the United States and that government might by sincere and honorable negotiation be ami- cably settled and a friendly commercial intercourse re-established on principles mutually advantageous. "4th. Resolved, That the organization of a large military force in 136 HISTORY OF BRUXSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. a time of peace, for purposes concealed from the people, excites in our minds the most alarming apprehensions, while the unlimited powers vested in the President and in officers of his appointment for enforcing the Embargo Laws present to our astonished view the monstrous image of a militarj' despotism, erected by the rulers of a free republic and the propert}', the libertj', and even the lives of citizens placed under the control of numerous pett3- tyrants in defiance of the express provisions of the Constitution of the United States and in contempt of the Constitution and laws of this Commonwealth. " 5th. Resolved, That deepl}' afflicted hy the evils incident to the embargo, but infinitel}^ more distressed hy these violations of our dearest rights, we will by every constitutional and peaceable measure seek the redress of onr wrongs, declaring at the same time our deter- mination to refrain from all violent opposition to the laws under which we suffer, and to discountenance such opposition in others. "6th. Resolved., That we despair of obtaining relief from our distress and our fears by au}' further application to the President or the Congress ; and that we will therefore present a respectful petition to the legislature of this Commonwealth praying that the}' would specially pursue such measures as they in their wisdom may judge most conducive to the redress of individual wrongs and best adapted to the portentous crisis of our public affairs. "7th. Resolved, That we are ready to make any sacrifice of prop- erty and life for the preservation of the honor, the peace, and the liberty of our countr}-. " 8th. Resolved, That whereas several merchants in this town have loaded their vessels by permission of the President of the United States, we do highly approve of their determination to refuse compli- ance with the law requiring them to unload their vessels or give heavy and unreasonable bonds." The following Memorial was at the same time sent to the General Court of Massachusetts : — "To THE Honorable Sexate and House of Eepresentatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. "THE MEMORIAL OF INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF BRUNS- WICK IN THE COUNTY OF CUMBEELAND, Humbly Shews: " That, possessing the right to express their sentiments on the meas- ures of government, and the state of public atfairs, they are impelled by a strong sense of dut}' to themselves and to their posterity to exercise that privilege of freemen in the present distressed and alarm- MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF -BRUNSWICK. 137 ing situation of the United States ; considering silence at such a crisis ^ as has now arrived as approbation of tliose measures which have pro- duced it and an indication of stupid insensibility to the aggravated evils resulting from their operation. " Your niemoriaUsts presume not to point out to your enliglitened and honorable bod}' the grievous sufferings inflicted, or the essential rights violated by the Acts of Congress laying a permanent embargo, and especially by the Act for enfoicing the several embargo laws ; but deeph' impressed with an awful sense of the dangers in which their liberties are involved, they address you as their deputed guardians praying protection from that ruin in which those Acts, if not speedil}' revoked, must overwhelm them. " Your memorialists see in those Acts no equivocal proofs of a sub- servient attachment to one of the belligerents and an inveterate enmity to the other, alike inconsistent with the dignity and injurious to the interests of an independent nation. That the embargo was the result of a necessity imposed b}' the decrees of France or b}' the orders in council of Great Britain we can never admit: since it was laid thir- teen months after the decree of Berlin and a considerable time before the knowledge of orders in council reached the administration, and it has been acknowledged by Mr. Pincknc}', Minister of the United .States at London, that these orders made no part of the motives to that measure. '• Your memorialists are persuaded that had the administration been animated bj' that spirit and guided by that wisdom which per- vaded the councils of the nation in 1794 and 1798 in respect to our foreign relations, the same happy result would have followed ; but unhappily the reverse has been realized and our government have dis- covered a fixed determination to reject every proposal of accommoda- tion with one of the belligerents and disposition to submit with astonishing [alacrity ?] to gross and wanton violations of a solemn treaty and [to] unceasing insults from the other [belligerent.] " Your memorialists disdain to be the apologists for the aggressions or insults of any nation, but justice compels them to declare what the}' full}' believe that Great Britain has manifested a disposition to adjust in an amicable manner our differences with that nation, while France has not onl}' disregarded the obligations of a treat}', but has declared her determination to compel the United States to take part in the war either as friends or allies. "Your memorialists see with extreme [solicitude?] the organiza- tion of an extraordinary military force in a time of peace, the object of 138 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARP SWELL. which is concealed from the people ; and we declare onr utter detesta- tion of the Act of the sixth instant, designed to enforce an embargo, which even its advocates on the floor of Congress acknowledged to have produced no effect as a measure of coercion against the belliger- ents, while the evils affecting the people of the United States have been incalculabl}' severe and aie still increasing; and we do consider the provisions of that Act as unconstitutional, tyrannical, and oppres- sive in the highest degree, and are bound by the strongest obligations to resist them in ever}- legal and constitutional way. " We pray 3'our Honorable Body to adopt such measures as 3-ou shall deem wise and expedient in this singularly- awful crisis of public affairs." It was also voted that the foregoing memorial should be signed by the moderator and town clerk, be presented to the legislature of the Commonwealth by the representative of the town, and that he be instructed to use his best endeavors to promote the object contained in said memorial. A proposition was made this year to purchase the old meeting-house for a town-house, but it was defeated. A committee was chosen to ascertain the limits of the 1 ,000 acres <^)f town Commons, in order that the overplus, if an}', which was given to the First Parish, might be determined. [1811.] In 1811, the town elected Isaac Gates, Esquire, and Peter O. Alden, Esquire, as special agents to petition the legislature, in behalf of the town, for permission and authority to divide, set off, and conve}' to the President and Trustees of Bowdoin College the two hundred acres of land which was granted to them by a vote of the town passed May 2, 1791, and afterwards approved or confirmed b}' a vote of the Pejepscot proprietors. [1812.] At a meeting held on the seventeenth of August, 1812, Jacob Abbot, Henry Putnam, Isaac Gates, Robert D. Dunning, and Jacob Anderson were chosen a committee to draft, and submit to the town, resolutions concerning " the present alarming state of national affairs." The committee reported the following, which were adopted, and the moderator and clerk instructed to sign and forwai'd a copy of them to the President of the United States, and also one to the Portland Gazette for publication : — " The people at all times, under an elective government, have the right of peaceabl}' assembling to consult for the public good. When doomed to experience the most awful calamities that can afflict a nation, the right is not only unquestionable, but essential to the exist- MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 139 ence of libert}^ and expressly sanctioned by the Constitution. The freedom of speech and the liberty of the press and the undisturbed privileges of an individual, or united expression of sentiment, are the vital principles of a pure republic. The electors of rulers have a right to examine their conduct, and when measures are adopted bringing povert}' and ruin in their train, and death and wretchedness in their consequences, under a pretext that the people demand them, it is the dut}- of every citizen to raise his voice to convince the deceived of their error and arrest the progress of destruction. '^ Therefore, R"Solved^ That we view the union of the States as an inestimable blessing while the government is administered agreeabl}" to the original compact, but we fear that a cruel and oppressive course of measures, and admission of new States into the Union whose inhabi- tants in habits and education are adverse to republican principles, will tend to disaffect the people and eventually dissolve the compact which has heretofore been a source of so much wealth and happiness to these States. " Resolved, That w^e consider the declaration of war as preiJiaf ?rre, unjustifiable, and groundless. That it was produced by an undue attachment for the greatest tyrant and most sanguinary monster that ever disgraced the civilized world. That we consider it as directed by the finger of the same hand which has not ceased for 3-ears past to impose restrictive measures upon the commerce of the United States ; in short, that we consider the declaration of war as merely the promul- gation and approbation of an edict of the Court of St. Cloud. " Resolved, That a treasury without money, an exposed commerce without naval protection, an army without soldiers, and a war without adequate and just cause, show the iveakness or wickednes of our rulers, and tend to a direct sacrifice of everything dear to free men. " Reso'ved, That William Widger}-, member of Congress from this district, in voting for war contrar}^ to the known wishes of his constit- uents and to the destruction of great maritime interests of New Eng- land, has added sJuwie and disgrace to the good people of this district, without injur}^ to his own moral or political reputation. ^'■Resolved, That we fully approve of the minority in Congress upon the question of war, and we pride ourselves upon having one representative from Maine who preferred the interests of his constitu- ents to the inundates of the executive. " Resolved, That we view with abhorrence and detestation the late daring and sanguinary attack upon the libert}' of the press at Balti- 140 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPSWELL. more by a lawless and cannibal mob, and the assassination of the veterans of the Revolution and the voluntary defenders of liberty. " RemlrPcU That we cordially approve of the sentiments expressed by our brethren in Boston, at their late town meeting, upon the same subject, and of the measures by them adopted, for the purpose of aid- ing the civil authority in the prevention and sxippression of similar outrages. " Resolved, That the liberty of speech and of the press is the bul- wark of freedom, and the most glorious prerogative of free men, and that we will ne\'er relinquish this liberty but with our lives. " Rf-solvecU That we cordially approve of the moderate, firm, and dignified conduct of our excellent governor, whose measures have always tended to promote the interests of the State and individual happiness, and we rejoice in again having a chief magistrate who will not sell himself to a party, who holds the scale of equal justice and is above the reach of venalty. " Resolved, That the districting of the Commonwealth for the choice of State senators and representatives to Congress under the administra- tion of Elbridge Gerry, so that twenty-nine senators are chosen by a less number of votes than were necessar}- to choose the other eleven, is a most tyrannical and wicked exertion of power, a violation of the spirit of the Constitution, and a prostitution of the rights of the people, and must have originated in a desire to deprive them of their constitutional privileges. " Resolved, That the senators so chosen, by refusing the various equitable modes for the choice of electors proposed b}' the House of Representatives, have evinced their approbation of this iniquitous s^'s- tem and have rendered themselves totally unworthy of the confidence of a free people. " Resolved, That we will hold ourselves in readiness to obey the orders of our commander-in-chief in repelling an}' invasion of our shores or to aid the civil authority in executing the laws. " ResO'Vad, That we will exert ourselves by every constitutional and honorable measure to effect a change of our national rulers, that peace, commerce, and fi-ee trade may be enjoyed with all liberal and civilized nations, and all possible means be used to secure aud preserve the union . of the States. " Resolved, That from the foregoing considerations, aud from a belief that onl}' when life or liberty are jeopardize"'l Given, Town Cieik.''^ The following address was also adopted : — "To the Hon. P^leazer AV. Ripley, Jonathan Page and Ebenezer Poor, senators of the district of Cumberland and Oxford. " After having seen the various modes offered by the connnittee of conference from the House of Representatives to the Senate tlirough their committee for the choice of electors of President and Vice-Presi- dent of the United States, we are alarmed at the pertinacious adher- ence of the Senate to a i)artial and unequal mode of choosing electors, whereby, a majority of the people are liable to be overruled by the minority, contrary to the spirit and letter of the Constitution and the principles of republican liberty. " That this Commonwealth may have a voice in the next election of President and Vice-President a manly and just concurrence of the Senate with the House of Representatives is wanting, and this town hereby- calls upon you to co-operate with them by your best exeilions and procure a concurrence of the Senate with the House in some one of their propositions. ^ In this day of peril and difficulty for the public good your best services are required. To stiHe the voice of the people and deprive them of their elective rights would be a stiide at usurpation too alarming for us to behold in silence and too flagrant to be borne. •' We consider the proposition made by the House fair, honorable, and constitutional, and we are sorr^' to assert that the Resolves of the Senate do not appear to us to be of that character. " If our liberties, so dearly purchased by the blood and treasure of our fathers, must be lost, we most sincerely hope and fervently pray that they ma^' never be destroyed under the forms of judicial nor legis- lative proceedings." The town voted that four attested copies of the above address be made out by the town clerk, and that one be forwarded to each of the above-named senators, and one to the president of the Senate, to be laid before that bod}'. [1814.] Nothing especially worthy of record occurred in 1813, but at a meeting held in Februarj', 1814, the town appointed a committee to write an address, setting forth " the present most unjust and iniq- 142 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. uitous restrictions upon our trade." It was also voted to have this address published in the Portland Gazette. No copy of it appears on the records of the town, and the number of the Gazette supposed to contain it has not been found by the compilers of this work. An article in the warrant, "to see if the town will accept of the Engine belonging to individuals of this town," was dismissed. Some of the town officers elected at the ammal meeting, not pre- senting themselves to take the oath of office, a warrant was issued to John Owen, constable, to notify them to appear at a specified time and take the oath, as required b}' law. Owen, on his return, certified that he had notified all "■ except Roger Toothaker [one of the fence- viewers] who ran off and would not hear me notify him, and Abraham Locke, whom I missed by mistaking his place of residence, and Silas Goddard." At a meeting held in August, the selectmen were authorized to hire money, "to meet the expense occasioned b}' the mihtary movements." It was voted to dismiss the article in the warrant " to see if the town will afford an}' assistance to the unfortunate sufferers b^' the freshet," which occurred that spring and did a great deal of damage. [1815.] In 1815 the selectmen were directed to collect the resolves, maps, etc., belonging to the town, and to deposit them in their office. [1810.] The town, at its annual meeting, in 181G, gave Russell Stoddard and others permission to place some ha^'-scales' between the road that went by Mrs. Robson's and that going by John Pollard's. At a meeting held Ma}' 20, a majority of twenty-two votes was cast by the town against a separation of the District of Maine from the State of Massachusetts. At this meeting a committee was also appointed to provide a code of by-laws for the town. At a meeting held September 2, tlie town again voted against the formation of a new State by a majority of fiftj'-one votes. Tlie town also at this meeting chose Robert Dunning, Doctor Jonathan Page, and Joseph Mclveen, delegates to a convention to be held in Bruns- wick on the last Monday in September following, to count the votes cast in the District upon this question, and if a majority of the votes cast were favorable, to form the draft of a constitution for a new State. [1818.] The town, at its annual meeting in 1818, authorized the selectmen to purchase a hearse at a cost not exceeding one hundred dollars. 1 The scales loere located in what is now the mall, ojyposite Green Street. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 143 At this meeting it was voted inexpedient to build a poorhouse. The one built in 1807 was sold by the town in 1812. An article in the warrant of this meeting, in regard to a separation of the east and west parts of the town, was dismissed. Its insertion in the warrant was probably owing to some slight disaffection in one of these sections. [1819.] At a meeting held Ma}' 3, the representative from the town was instructed to use all fair and honorable means towards effecting the separation of the District of Maine from the State. This act shows an evident change on the part of the citizens of Brunswick in regard to this question. The representative was also instructed to use all fair and honorable means to oppose the passage of a law allowing Wingate and others the exclusive right of navigating the Kennebec River with steamboats. Apart from all questions of proprietj' or of constitu- tional right, Brunswick and Topsham both had a special interest in opposing a law which would affect the navigation of their own river. At a special meeting on July 26, the town voted, by a majority of one hundred and thirty-three votes, in favor of a new State, and at a subsequent meeting, held September 20, Robert D. Dunning, Doctor Jonathan Page, and Reverend Benjamin Titcomb were chosen dele- gates to the convention to be held in Portland on the second Monday in October, for the purpose of forming a Constitution for the new State. At a meeting held December 6, the town voted its approval of the Constitution framed by that convention. UNDER STATE OF MAINE. [1820] On March 15, 1820, the State of Maine was, by act of Congress, admitted into the Union. At the annual town meeting this 3'ear, the selectmen were author- ized to provide a place for the hearse, which they had been authorized to purchase two 3'ears before. Whether the hearse had been kept out of doors or in somebodj-'s barn, or whether it was not purchased until this 3'ear, does not appear. At this meeting Doctor Jonathan Page bid off' the care of the town's poor for six hundred dollars. At the first election for governor of Maine, held this year, the vote of Brunswick stood: for Honorable William King, 195; for Stephen Longfellow, Esquire, 23 ; scattering, 9. At a meeting in May, the selectmen were directed to petition the legislature to incorporate the town of Brunswick, together with a number of other towns in the counties of Cumberland and Lincoln, into a new count}'. 144 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPS WELL. The selectmen were also, at a meeting held in November, directed to petition the legislature to make a deduction from the valuation of the town, as taken by the selectmen in August, in consequence of the loss of property occasioned by the great freshet of October previous. [1821.] At the annual meeting in 1821 the town passed a resolve that the public good required the formation of a new county, to be composed of the towns of IJrunswick, Bath, Fhipsburg, Durham, Harpswell, Freeport, Pownal, Danville, Topsham, Bowdoinham, Bow- doin, Litchfield, Lisbon, Lewiston, and Wales ; and the representative from Brunswick was instructed to endeavor to eti'ect the object at that session of the legislature. This attempt was, however, unsuccessful. The town this year, instead of building a poorhouse, instructed the overseers of the poor to hire suitable houses and land to acconnnodate the poor of the town and to appoint a person to take charge of them. This was for the purpose of making available, for the l)enelit of the town, the labor of the paupers. [1822.] At a meeting of the town, held September 9, 1822, the representative to the legislature was directed to endeavor to obtain the passage of a law granting compensation from the State treasurj' to the sokliers of the militia. [1823.] At a town meeting held January' 20, l82o, it was voted to be inexpedient to make any olfer to the legislature to induce that bod}' to fix the seat of government in Brunswick. What effect a dif- ferent vote might have had upon the prosperity of the town is a matter of some doubt, though had such an offer been accepted, tliere is no doubt but that it would greatly have benefited the conununity. The town, also, at this meeting, directed its representative to op[)ose in the legislature the erection of au}' new county which should include Brunswick within its limits. The anuual meeting in March was adjourned to the first Monday- in April, ''in consequence of the severity of the cokl and the small number present." [1824.] At a meeting held the fifth of April, 1824, the selectmen were authorized to receive all mone}' or other property that may have been raised by subscription for the sufferers h\ the great fire in Bruns- wick, which occurred the previous j'ear, and to divide the same among them according to their necessities. The selectmen were also author- ized to pay twenty cents to each soldier of the militia, in lieu of rations, if the application for the same was made as the law prescribed. At a meeting held September 6th, the town passed resolutions inviting General Lafa3ette to visit Brunswick while on his tour MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRlKSWIt'K. 145 through New England, and a committee of eleven gentlemen, in addi- tion to the selectmen, were appointed as a committee of arrangements for his reception, if he accepted. He was also invited b}' the authori- ties of the college, but was obliged to decline both invitations. [1825.] At a meeting held January 1, 1825, the town voted an appropriation of one hundred and fifty dollars towards defraying the expense of exchanging the bell then hanging in the steeple of the new meeting-house for a larger one. A committee was appointed to pur- chase a fire-engine, and eight hundred dollars was appropriated for the purpose. $1,500 was appropriated this 3'ear for schools. The selectmen were authorized to settle with Joseph Storer for damages suffered b}' him in crossing the bridge on Federal Street ^ with a horse and chaise. A committee of fifteen was chosen to solicit aid for the relief of the sufferers at the late fire. [1826.] The town, in 1826, voted to purchase the house, barn, out-buildings, and farm, near the lower landing, then owned by Roger Merrill,'^ and which contained about forty acres of land, at a price not exceeding $1,500. The town also voted to raise six hundred dollars per 3'ear, for three 3'ears, to meet the above expense. The selectmen were authorized, this 3'ear, to furnish blank car- tridges for the use of the militia of the town, when at reviews. [1827.] At a meeting of the town, held Januar^^ 4, 1827, the rep- resentative was instructed to use all fair and honorable means to pre- vent the passage of siwy legislative act which would deprive the town of Brunswick of an}' of its territory' or in any way disturb the line estab- lished between the counties of Cumberland and Lincoln. This action was taken upon an article in the warrant to see if the town would consent that the islands below the falls should be set off, with their improvements, to Topsham, agreeably to a petition to the legislature of George F. Richardson and others. The town voted, November 3, that the bills incurred in consequence of depredations on the Indians, the previous August, bj- Jere O'Brien and John McKeen, should be accepted to the amount of seven dol- lars and twentj' cents. It seems that this 3'ear a party ol Indians had encamped near " the landing," in Brunswick, and that a number of evil-disposed 30ung men made a raid upon them, tore down their teuts, and drove them off. O'Brien and McKeen entered a complaint 1 This was a small pole-bridge at the foot of (he hill, across a brook leading from the swamp west of Maine Street. '■2 The present poor-farm,. 10 146 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. against the rioters, and the above vote was intended to compensate them for their legal expenses. [1828.] In the year 1828, five gentlemen were chosen as agents of the town to oppose an}' division of the town that might be nrged upon the legislature, which was then in session at Portland. One hundred dollars was appropriated for keeping in repair the two fire-engines, for ringing the bell, and for such other purposes as might tend to the security of the town against fire. [1829.] The same amount was appropriated for the same purpose, in 1829, and tlie town voted to have the bell rung at nine o'clock on Sunday evenings. The town voted to hold its futui-e meetings in the village, provided a house could be obtained without expense to the town. Accordingly the next meeting, September 14, was held in the Baptist meeting-house on School Street. At the September meeting of the town, a code of Bj'-Laws was adopted. The provisions of these By-Laws were, in brief, as follows : — Article 1. Provided against injury or loss of fire apparatus. Article 2. Against the building of bonfires in the streets, and against the careless use of lights in houses, barns, and stables. Article 3. Against coasting on or across the streets, and also against obtaining rides by taking hold of or getting upon vehicles, without the consent of persons riding therein. Article 4. Against the wanton or unnecessar}- discharge of fire- arms near an}' dwelling-house, shop, or store. Article 5. Against playing ball within ten rods of any dwelling, throwing snow-balls, playing with kites, or doing anything in public streets to annoy passengers. Article 6. Against the assembling of noisy crowds in the night, and against rude or disorderly' behavior, indecent or profane language, or the injuring of trees, fences, or buildings. The penalty for the vio- lation of this article was five dollars. Article 7. Against allowing geese to go at large. The penalt}' in this case was six cents per goose. These B3'-Laws were approved by the Court of Appeals in the December following, and the town voted to have them printed, and one copy furnished to each family. [1831.] In the j'ear 1831, the town authorized the selectmen to appropriate a piece of land near the poorhouse for a paupers' ceme- terv. Also, that future town meetings should be held in the old west meeting-house. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 147 [1832.] In 1.S32 the town appointed a committee to draw up some resolutions expressing the opinions of the inhabitants of Bruns- wick " in relation to the alarming modifications of the tariff now pro- posed to be made by the Congress of the United States." Another committee was also appointed to report suitable resolutions expressing the opinions of the citizens in regard to the sale of the disputed ten-i- tor}' on the northeast boundar}'. The reports of both committees were read and accepted, and the selectmen were instructed to furnish copies of them for publication to the Portland Advertiser and Kennebec Journal. The selectmen were this j-ear instructed to sell the " poor lot" on Federal Street, by auction or by private sale as they might deem best. The dividing line between Brunswick and Freeport was this year defined. There seems to have been some doubt as to its location before this, for on October 15, 1828, the selectmen of the two towns met at the house of Samuel Chase, and proceeded to perambulate the line. Robert D. Dunning was the suiTe3'or for Brunswick and Bars- tow Sylvester for Freeport. The line surveyed by them appears from the recoi'd to have been the same, or nearl}' the same, as that previousl}' established. For some reason, however, the line was not satisfactory to some of the citizens of the two towns. Depositions were taken in January, 1832, from various residents, testifying as to the location of the origi- nal line. Depositions were made by David Curtis, William Alexander, and Daniel Given. On the seventh of February, 1832, the legislature appointed Joseph Sewall of Bath, William Bradbury of New Gloucester, and William Curamings of Cape Elizabeth, a committee to establish the dividing* line between Brunswick and Freeport. On the eleventh of June following, the committee met and viewed the premises on that day and succeeding days, closing their labors on the twent3-third of June. Their report, which we give below, furnishes the result of their labors : — " Pursuant to the foregoing Resolve for establishing the line between Brunswick and Freeport, we the subscribers, the Committee therein appointed, having been duly sworn, and having given due notice to the parties, and having met them b}' their committees and counsel at the house of Alexander Moorhead, in Brunswick, the eleventh day of June in the 3'ear of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirt}'- two, and by adjournment from day to day until tliis twenty third day 148 HIbTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. of said June, and having heard all their pleas, proofs and arguments, and having viewed the premises, and maturel}' considered the same, have deteimined and estabHshed the dividing line between the towns of Brunswick and Freeport, in the Count}' of Cumberland, agreeably to the Acts of Incorporation of said Towns, to be as follows to wit : Beginning on the Western shore of Maquoit Bay at the mouth of Bunganiunganock so called at a ledge which we have marked B, thence North twenty eight and one eighth degrees West, passing by a hem- lock tree in Vincent Mouiitfort's pasture, and through said Vincent Mountfort's house, and by a beach stump one rod and two links wes- terly of an ash tree in William Alexander's pasture by a stone in the wall on the western side of the county road on David Curtis' land marked -{- and over a ledge in said Curtis' pasture marked FB and by a spruce tree, a yellow birch tree, a ledge in Grouse's field marked -)-, a ledge in Skolfield's pasture marked -f-, a maple tree, a yellow birch tree, a stone set in the ground on the easterly side of the county road, twelve rods & sixteen links from the corner of Thomas Pennell's house, marked FB, a beach tree, a ledge in Samuel Sylvester's pasture marked FB, a stone in the wall on the westerly side of the Story road so called, a ledge in John Field's field marked FB, a beach tree, a hemlock tree, a spruce tree, a pine tree five miles & seventy rods to a stone marked FB at the middle of the Quaker road so called, and one rod and a half from William Jordan's wall, thence North East one hundred & ninety six rods to a stone marked DB at the corner of Durham and including within the town of Brunswick all Mair Point so called, and to include within said town of Brunswick all the estate of the late Benjamin Chase which was annexed to said Brunswick ty virtue of an act of the Legislature of Massachusetts passed in 1790, entitled an Act setting off Benjamin Chase, his family and estate from the town of Freeport and annexing them to the town of Brunswick. " Joseph Sewall. Wm. Bradbury. Wm. Cummings."^ The same committee also established the Durham line. According to McKeen the survey of the west part of the town was made by John Merrill while B. Ring lived in Brunswick, though the plan of the " Great Lots " was never laid down by any actual survey. According to the same authority, if Merrill's plan had been regarded * Pejepscot Records. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 149 and the boundaries preserved, the line would have gone farther south upon Froeport than was established b}- the committee in 1832, and would have taken sixteen rods on to what Durham now holds. ^ [1833.] The town appropriated for schools in 1833, $2,000; for support of poor, $700 ; for highways, $2,500. The town clerk was this \-ear directed to procure all plans and papers, of every description, of the Pejepscot Company, which might be of use to the town hereafter, and which related in any way to the settlement of the town, at as moderate an expense as possible. The papers of the Pejepscot Compan^^ were, at this time, in the hands of Josiah Little, Jr., of Newburyport (or of Amesbury), Mass. By a sworn statement by John McKeen, the then town clerk, it appears that Mr. Little placed the Pejepscot Papers in his hands upon condi- tion that they should be finally placed in the library of the Maine Historical Society, where the}' now are. This was certainl}- the best disposition that could have been made of them, particularly as man}' of the papers relate not only to Brunswick but to the whole region embraced in the Pejepscot purchase, and it would be difficult, if not impossible, to separate from them those relating exclusivelj^ to Brunswick. The selectmen were this year authorized to grant licenses to retail ardent spirits, on condition that no spirits should be drank in or about the premises of the retailer. John Coburn was appointed an agent to appear before a committee of the legislature, and to use his best endeavors to carr}' into effect the vote of the town in favor of the formation of a new count}' from parts of Cumberland and Lincoln Counties. [1834.] At a meeting of the town, held July 4, 1834, a lengthy report of the Committee on Town Commons was read and accepted. ^ A committee was also chosen to consider the practicability and advis- ability of having the town farm upon the Commons, and to estimate the expense of removing the buildings thereto. At a meeting held August 30, the Report of the Committee on Town Commons, Poorhouse, etc., was read, but its consideration was postponed to a further meeting. The selectmen were instructed to have the report printed and also to have the Commons surveyed. The selectmen were also directed to petition the legislature for per- mission to use the Commons for agricultural purposes or to dispose of them at some future daj', should the town ever so direct. They were, 1 McKeen, MSS. Lecture. 2 gee Chapter XIX. 150 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. moreover, directed to procure the same permission from the Pejepscot proprietors ; and also to demand a rent from all parties occupying the Commons, and to remove all persons refusing or neglecting to pa}^ the rent. [1835.] At a town meeting, held April 27, 1835, it was voted to build a town-house without unnecessary' dela}'. The village school district this 3ear applied for an Act of Incorpo- ration, for certain municipal purposes, and an Act to this effect was passed by the legislature and received the approval of the governor, January 28, 1836. At the annual meeting this xeav the town appropriated seven hun- dred dollars to pa}- for the town-house, and the Building Committee were authorized to borrow the needed balance of three hundred dol- lars. The town-house was completed this j-ear. [1837.] The town met at the town-house for the first time on January 16, 1837. The town, at this meeting, voted to receive its proportion of the money deposited with the State by the United States, in pursuance of '' an Act to regulate the deposits of the public mone}'," on the condition specified in the Act of this State entitled "An Act providing for the disposition and repayment of the public money apportioned to the State of Maine, on deposit, by the govern- ment of the United States." James F. Matthews was appointed the agent of the town to receive this money. The revenue of the United States had for some years been in excess of the demands of govern- ment, and this Act of Congress was to distribute the surplus to the States. At a meeting of the town in April, the selectmen were authorized to loan the town's share of the surplus revenue to citizens of the town, on good personal security, in sums not exceeding two hundred dol- lars to an}' one individual. At a meeting held in July, the selectmen were directed to collect what had been loaned, as it became due, and to deposit the amount, together with the remaining portion of the surplus revenue, with the citizens in the following manner: — The sum total was to be divided into as many shares as there were inhabitants of the town at the last enumeration, and each male head of a fiimily, and each female head of a famil}' where there was no male head, should be entitled to receive, on deposit, one share for each member of his or her family actually resident at home in the familj' on the first da}' of the preceding March, including the heads of the family, the daughters, the sons, under the age of twent^'-one years, and the MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 151 regular apprentices. Each male above twenty-one years of age. with- out a family-, was entitled to receiA^e one share. The receipts, which were to be taken in all cases, were to contain a promise of repa3'ment, without interest, of the sum given, whenever the town should be required to repay it to the treasury of the State. At a meeting held in September, the preceding vote was so amended as to entitle all who were residents of the town on the first of March previous to a share of the surplus money, and that persons since, but not then, residents should not be entitled to it. [1838.] At the annual meeting in April, 1838, the town voted to relieve those who had received shares of the surplus revenue money from all obligation to return it, since the legislature had passed an Act releasing towns from a similar obligation. The town voted to refer to the Building Committee the deeds of the gifts from Reverend William Allen and David Dunlap, Esquire. The above vote refers to the deeds of the land upon which the town-house was built. [1841.] The overseers of the poor were authorized in 1841 to sell the poorhouse and farm whenever they could do so for a not less sum than $1,500. In regard to several proposed amendments to the Constitution of the State, the town voted as follows : — In favor of increasing the number of representatives, but against establishing the number at one hundred and fifty-one ; in favor of electing the governor for two years instead of one, and in favor of having the legislative meeting but once in two years. [1842.] In 1842 a petition from Isaac Lincoln and others, to have the town house sold or else to have it moved to the village, was dis- missed. [1844,] The town in 1844 voted in favor of an amendment to the Constitution of the State, changing the meeting of the legislature to May. [1845.] A new hearse was purchased in 1845, by order of the town, and the old one was repaired and fitted with runners for use in the winter season. [1847.] At the annual meeting in 1847 the selectmen were in- structed to have the bell on the Universalist Church rung daily, for the ensuing 3'ear, at the expense of the town. The town also at this meeting appropriated two hundred dollars towards the purchasie of a clock to be located in the tower of the Universalist Church. 152 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The town this year voted in favor of so amending the Constitution of the State as to prohibit tlie loaning of the credit of the State to an}- amount exceeding $300,000 in the aggregate ; and also, against an anjeudment providing that the governor, senators, and representa- tives should be elected by a plurality instead of majority vote. [1849.] In 1849 tlie town Aoted to dispose of Engine No. 1 and to purchase a new one, and for that purpose the sum of three hundred dollars was appropriated. The town this year refused, by a vote of one hundred and fourteen to sixteen, to adopt an Act of the legisla- ture, which was passed Jul)- 16, 1846, and was entitled "An Act for the License and Regulation of Stationar}- Steam-Engines." [1850.] The town voted in 1850 in favor of a constitutional amendment, which provided for a meeting of the legislature in Jan- uarj- instead of Ma3\ At a subsequent meeting this year the town voted to accept an Act of the legislature authorizing certain cities and towns to grant aid in the construction and completion of the Kennebeck and Portland Rail- road, and also voted to loan its credit to that compan}' for the sum of $75,000, according to the conditions and for the security provided in the Act. The vote was fiAC hundred and eight3'-eight in favor, and two hundred and fifty-two against the measure. The inhabitants changed tlieir minds in regard to stationar}' steam- engines, and the town accordingly voted this year to accept the Act in reference to the same, which was approved 3\\[y 16, 184G. [1851.] A protest, signed b}- one hundred and thirty-five of the inhabitants of Brunswick, was presented to the town in 1851. This protest was against the vote to loan money to the Kennebec and Portland Railroad, and was made on the ground that the Act of the legislature authorizing it was illegal, unconstitutional, and not binding upon the town. [1856.] In 1856 the town authorized the selectmen to grant the use of the town-house to the Brunswick Light Infantry for an armor}-. [1857.] The Act of the legislature, approved March 13, 1855, granting authority to cities and towns to adopt ordinances or by laws for sidewalks, was accepted in 1857, and a committee, consisting of the selectmen and Richard Greenleaf, Esquire, was appointed to lay out and determine the width of the different sidewalks in Brunswick, and to prepare some b^'-laws in reference to the same, Avhich they were to report at a future meeting. Another committee was also appointed this A'ear, consisting of Messrs. Abuer B. Thompson, John C. Humphreys, William G. Bar- MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 153 rows, Samuel R. Jackson, Richard Greenleaf, and John McKeen, to investigate all matters relating to the town Commons ; to ascer- tain what title the town had to them, and the boundaries thereof; to ascertain what encroachments had been made upon them, and all other facts relating to the subject, and to make a report at some future meeting. Some time between March 10 and the first Monda}' in June, the town- house was destroj-ed by fire. The June meeting met — bj' adjournment — at the ruins of the town-house, and adjourned to McLellan's Hall. The committee on sidewalks i-epoi'ted at this meeting the names of the streets upon which the}" had constructed sidewalks, the widths of the walks, and a code of by-laws in regard to the same. The selectmen were authorized to dispose of the materials of the town-house which remained »after the fire, and of the lot upon which it stood. [1858.] At a meeting of the town, held January 18, 1858, to see what measures the town would adopt for the purpose of obtaining a charter for a city government, it was voted to appoint a committee of nine, — three from the A'illage, three from the east, and three from the west part of the town, — to consider the matter and to report in one week. This committee reported, Januarj- 25, that the east and west portions of the town were opposed to a city form of government, but that the village was strongly in favor of it. A motion to petition the legislature for a charter as a city was lost by a vote of twenty- six majority. It was, however, voted that the village school-district should have leave to petition the legislature for a citj^ charter for said district, under the name of the city of Brunswick, and the selectmen and town clerk were directed to petition the legislature to that effect. This they did, and upon February 10, a committee of the legislature reported a bill to incorporate the village district as the city of Bruns- wick. This bill was laid on the table and ordered to be printed. It was afterwards passed, and was approved by the governor, March 29. The bill provided for its acceptance b}' the whole town within thirt}' daj's, or to be null and void. At a meeting of the town, April 27, the charter was read, and rejected by a majority vote of one hundred and one. At the annual meeting in March, the sum of seven hundred dollars was appropriated for a night watch. The committee on town Commons reported at this time. The report was accepted, and it was voted that the town agent be empowered and directed to communicate with the several parties whose lots abutted on the Commons, and in case any of 154 HIS TOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HAH PS WELL. them should decline to give the matter to referees, he was instructed to institute legal proceedings against them, that the rights of the town might be maintained and protected. The selectmen were also in- structed to cause permanent stone monuments to be erected, in order to mark clearl}' the boundarj' lines of the Commons, whenever these lines should be authoritatively ascertained. At a meeting held June 7, the town voted almost unanimously for the Prohibitory Liquor Law of LS08, there being but one vote for the License Law of 1856. This vote shows either an unparalleled senti- ment in the town in favor of prohibition, or else that those in heart opposed to a temperance reform believed that its advocates had over- shot the mark and that there would be a speedy reaction. The town this 3'ear voted against granting State aid to a proposed Aroostook Railroad, and in favor of exeijipting future manufacturing establishments from taxation for a period of ten vears. [186Q.] A committee was appointed in 1860 to consider the pro- priety of building a new town hall. The}' recommended the erection of a building on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets, at an esti- mated cost of $5,000. The town, however, refused to build. [1862.] In 1862 the town lines between Brunswick and Freeport, Brunswick and Durham, Brunswick and Harpswell, and Brunswick and Bath, were perambulated by the selectmen of Brunswick and the authorities of the other places named, and monuments were erected to mark the line. [1866.] An article in the warrant for a special meeting in Novem- ber, 1866, in relation to petitioning the legislature to set Brunswick otf from Cumberland Count}', was dismissed. A new hearse was this j'ear procured. [1869, 1870.] In 1869, and again in 1870, propositions were made looking to the erection of a town hall, but the}' were defeated, and none has yet [1877] been erected. [1872.] In 1872 a proposition was made for the erection of a monument in memory of the fallen heroes of the Rebellion. A com- mittee was appointed to consider the subject, and at a subsequent meeting reported in favor of such a monument, but the town decided adversely to its erection. All important acts of the town not embraced in this chapter will be found in other connections. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 155 CHAPTER III. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HAKPSWELL. UNDER COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. The place formerl}' known as Wescustego was, on September 22, 1680, incorporated as a plantation by the name of North Yarmouth. In 1731 the limits of North Yarmouth were determined by order of the General Court as follows : — " To begin at a white Rock b}^ the side of the Bay dividing between Falmouth & North Yarmouth &, to extend from thence into the woods North west by Falmouth line eight miles, and from y® s*^ white Rock to extend by the Ba}^ to the mouth of Bungamunganock River, from thence to extend eight miles into the woods on a line parallel to Fal- mouth line & from thence to Falmouth line aforesaid, & from the afores'' white Rock & mouth of Bungamunganock River S** Township to extend south east, the width of s*^ Township to the Main Sea so as to include the Islands within s*^ courses." On April 6, 1733, the township was incorporated as a town.i In 1735 a committee appointed by the General Court ran the line of the town as follows : — " Beginning at the mouth of Bungamunganock River on the west- erl}' side thence south east over Maquoit Ba}' to Mare Point and said line runs over INIinot's Barn which stands on s^ Point, thence over Middle Bay to Memconeag neck, thence across s*^ neck and Merri- coneag river to a point on Sebascodegan Island to an Inlet of water called the Basin, thence crossing another part of s"^ Island to a small Island called Egg Island in Quahaug River, thence crossing another part of s*^ Island running a S. E. course across the bay to small Point, thence to Hunnewell's Cove, thence crossing s*^ cove and so on in a S. E. line to the Main sea at mouth of Kennebec River." The present town of Harpswell, or the greater portion of it, was, it will be observed, at this time embraced within the limits of the town of North Yarmouth, of which town it constituted a parish. ^ 1 Maine Historical Society Collection, 2, pp. 172, 176. Russell's History of North Yarmouth. 2 Maine Historical Collection, 2, p. 180. 156 HISTORY OF BBVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. [1740.] In the 3'ear 1740 Merriconeag Neck was annexed to Brunswick, as will be seen bj' the following petitions to and order of the General Court : — ^'To His Excelency Jonathan Belcher Esq. Captain General and governour in cliief, the honourable the council and honourable House of Represkntatives of His Majesty's Province of the Mas- sachusetts Bay in New England in General Court Assembled May 28t«, 1740. " THE PETITION OF TBE PROPRIETORS OF THE NECK OF LAND IN CASCO BAY IN THE COUNTY OF YORK, CALLED BY THE NAME OF MERECONEGE NECK:- " Humbly Sheweth " That Whereas the said Neck of Land, is one half part of it within the line of the Township of North Yarmouth, and having Paid Rates and Taxes to said Township, both to Church and State, altho' the Inhabitants there live above Thiit}' miles distant by Laud from the Meeting House, and twelve miles hy Sea across two very Dangerous Ba3^s, (Especially in the Winter time) being also man}' times Impassa- ble in canous, with their Family's therebj' depriving them of the Public Worship of God, for a great part of their time, which is a very great discouragement to the Setlers, and Whereas this Honourable Court have been pleased Two 3'ears since to Invest the Township of Bruns- wick with all priviledges as the other Towns in this Province Enjoy and that Brunswick Meeting House is but Three Miles distant from the upper end of said Neck, adjoj'ning to Brunswick Town, and no Water to pass over which makes it easj' to repair thereto without the Danger and Dificult}' of the Winter and Tempests by Water and the very great length of wa}' by Land. "May it please your Excelleucj' and Honours, We Humbly pray, That you Avould be pleased for the prevention of the aforesaid Incon- veniences to set ofl' the Familj-s that ma}- Inhabit said Neck of Land, from the Town of North Yarmouth, and annex them to the Town of Brunswick, especiallj' since but a part of said neck of Land is couched within the line of North Yarmouth Township. And as in Dut}- Bound your Petitioners shall ever pray. "Joseph Wadswortii Adam Winthrop Henry Gibbs Belcher Noyes Job Lewis for ourselves and Partners.'^ MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 157 " We the Inhabitants of the said Neck of Land Most Humbly [Pray?] That your Excelency and Honours would be pleased to gi-ant the Prayer of the above named Proprietors of said Neck of Land that we may be Released under our very Great hardships, and as in Duty Bound shall ever pra}'. "James Brewer John Mathews William Magray Edward Quingiiam William Gibson Moses Gatchell Joshua Cromwell Samuel Winchell John Orr William Mackness Thomas McGregor John Smart John Lindsey Benjamin Denslow Richard Jaques John Stovkr Elisha Allen Isaac Hall Samuel Standwood David Standwood John Stevens John Ross Jun". Seth Toothaker Job Moulton Ariel Sprage Wait Webber Ebenezer Toothaker" "In the House of Representatives, June 3, 1740. " Read and ordered, That the' Petitioners serve the Town of North Yarmouth with a copy of this Petition that they Shew Cause if any they have on Tuesday the 24"" Instant, if the Court be then sitting, if not, on the first Thursday of the next Sitting of this Court, why the Prayer thereof should not be granted. " Sent up for concurrence " J. QuiNCY, Sy=r " Read and Concurred "In Council June 4 th 1740. " Simon Frost D0 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM. AXD HARPSWELL. povoity of the Inhabitants (oxoopting four or tivo faniilyos) Your IVtitiouers therefore llninbly pray that yonv Honours will so far Compassionate «& Encourage them as to annex unto Brunswick the whole of 8'' neck viz : that part of it that is coucIuhI within North Yarmouth line & the uper part of it that lies between the lines of North Yarmouth and Brunswick and which at present is within the bounds of no town and your Petitioners as in Duty bound Shall ever pray t^c. "Bknj* Lauuabee. 1 Wymond Bhadbukv, [ <^ckcUncn SaML IIlNKLKY, J "/ ^''•""-''^''>^-- " "We the Subscribers Inhabitants of Merriconeag Neck in Casco ba}', such of us as fall within the line of North-yarmouth tinding our- selves under a great burthen & disadvantage in being subjected to that town from whence we are so very remote & from whence we can expect no manner of benelit on account of the ^linistry, School, or otherwise, & others of us who arc not within the bounds of any town but lying between the lines of North yarmouth & Brunswick, but lying contigui>us to Brunswick i!c .Uulging it to be very much for our Comfort iS: benelit to belong to s'' town, do Humbly Joyn with the Inhabitants of Brunswick in the within IVtition, and earnestly Suppli- cate your ExcUcncy vt Honours that for the reasons therein sot forth you will bo pleased to annex the whole of Mericoneag Neck to the town of Brunswick »S: your petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray. " lilCIIAKD JaQUES •— ^ Wait Wkbbku John Stover Joux Mathews Thomas MctiitEOOK Nath"- L. Baknes " ' These petitions were not favorably received by the (icneral Court, but on June 14, 17-10. that body, in response to a petition of the inhabitants c>f that portion of ^Merriconeag Neck and the ailjoining islands, wliich was within the limits of North Yarmouth, passed an order to the ett'ect that the Neck, the land and islands mentioned in the petition, aiui the northeast part of Sebascodcgau Island, should be a distinct and separate precinct.^ ^ P^qpscot Papers. Oiiginal Petition. ^Massachusetts Records, 109. MUNICIPAL IIISTOUY OF ILinPSWELL. ' IGl In 1 758 the following Act of Incorporation was passed : — "ANXO BEONI ^ ^ck iUitit -ft^ ^ KKOI8 GflOIiOII Skcundi TiticKS- di%^SmOK^^f^'» '^*^ pkimo "AN ACT For iiiwjrporating a neck of land called Mericoneag Neck, and certain Islands adja- c*uit, in the County of York int^> a Separate District by the name of " Whereas the Inhabitants of Mericoneag Xeck and the Islands adjacent have humbly represented to this Court the diflicnlties and great inconveniences they labour under in their present situation and have earnestly requested that they may be invested with powers priv- ileges and immunities of a District. " Therefore be it enacted by the Governor, Council, and House of Tleiiresentatives, Tliat the said Neck of Land beginning where Bruns- wick line intersects the upper end of said Neck which is four rods above the Nairows of said Neck commonly called the Carrying Place, from thence including the whole of said Neck down to the Sea, together with the Islands adjacent hereafter mentioned, viz : Great Scbascodegan Island alias Shapleighs Island, Little Sebascodegan Island,' and Wills ^ Island lying to the South east side of said Neck; Birch Islatifl, Whites Island and the two Goose Islands lying on the Northwest side of said neck and Damariscove Islands** lying at the lower end of said Neck, be and hereb}- are incorporated into a separate District by the name of IIarpf!v:eJL " And the Inhal>itants of said Neck of land and Islands shall be and hereby are invested with all the powers, privileges and immunities that the several towns In this Province b}' law do or may enjo}', that of sending a liepresentative onl}' excepted. " And be it further enacted That John Minot Esq. be and hereb}' is empowered to issue his warrant to some principal Inhabitant of the said District requiring him in his Majestys name to warn and notify the said Inhabitants qualified to vote in town affairs to meet together at such time and place in said District as by said Warrant shall be appointed to choose such officers as the law directs and may be neces- sary to manage the affairs of said District : " And the said Inhabitants being so met shall be and hereby are empowered to choose officers accordingly. 1 Nov) On'K Inland. 2 ^ovj Bailey's Island. 8 One oJ'vMrh is now called HaskeWs Rlan/.l. 11 162 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPSWELL. " January 20"' 1758, " This bill having been read three several times in the House of Eepresentatives passed to be enacted " F. Hubbard, Speaker. " January 20*'» 1758, " This bill having been read three several times in Council passed to be enacted " A. Oliver, *Sec'//- " JANU.VRY 25"> 1758, " By the Governor I consent to the enacting of this bill 'T. POWNAL. " Copy examined "A. Bradfoed '• Sec^y of Commnmcealth of 3£assuchusetts^^ It will be observed that no reference is made in the foregoing Act to the town of North Yarmouth. This would convey the impression that when Harpswell was made a precinct, it became legally separated from that town, which was probablj' the case. The present name of the town is not known to have been used prior to the incorporation. By whom it was first suggested is not known. One aulhorit}' ^ states that it was so named b}' the General Court, but according to traditionary accounts the name was given by the Dunnings. There is a Harpswell in Lincolnshire, England, and the name was probably first suggested by some emigrant from that vicinity and was lavored b}- the Dunnings, who were English people, though from another count}'. Harpswell, though similar to an incorporated town in most respects, had not the privilege of being represented at the General Court, and was therefore onlv a district. The first recorded meeting of the district was held March 30, 1758. At this meeting Captain John Stover was chosen moderator ; Andrew Dunning, clerk ; David Curtis, Isaac Hall, and Andrew Dunning, selectmen and assessors ; Lieutenant Lemuel Turner, district treas- urer ; Elijah Douglas and Taylor Small, constables ; James Babbage, Seth Toothaker, and John Coombs, tithing-men ; Waitstill Webber, William Alexander, and Joseph Thompson, surveyors of highways ; 1 Kellogg, MSS. Lecture. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 103 Edward Easters, Thomas McGregor, and Joseph Linscott, fence- viewers ; Nathan Adams, James Gardner, and John Snow, hog- reeves ; and Elisha Allen, sealer of leather. It was voted at this meeting that hogs and horses should be allowed to run at large, according to the existing law. The meeting adjourned to the last Wednesday in May. At the adjourned meeting on May 25, the following votes were passed : — That Alexander Wilson and Andrew Dunning should be a com- mittee to settle with North Yarmouth, and to receive whatever money was due the town. To have no schoolmaster this year. That the selectmen should lay out the higliways as the}' might deem advisable. That the selectmen should settle "with Mr. Jaques, the former treasurer" probabl}- of the former precinct or parish, "and should remove the Treasury into Lemuel Turner's hands." That Thomas McGregor should be collector for that 3'ear, on the Neck, and should be allowed thirteen shillings and four pence for his services. That Mr. William Ilarsey should be paid fifteen shillings for his trouble in making out the rates for the parish in 1755. That Mr. William Blake and Mrs. Mary Young should be paid twelve shillings each, for making out the rates at the same time. That Captain Timoth}' Baile\' should bs paid one pound for a note that he gave in the 3'ear 175i " for the Place being presented." That Mr. Curtis be paid £33 Is. Id. "for taking up Mr. Pattis- halls execution against the Parish." That he have eighteen shillings for his time and expense in taking up the execution. That*Benjamin Jaques be paid thirteen shillings four pence " for going with Mr. Curtis to take up Patishal's execution." That Benjamin Jaques and Alexander Wilson be paid three shil- lings each "for getting a power [of attorne}'?] to give Mr. Ralph Far nan." That fourteen shillings be allowed Richard Starbird on his assess- ment for 1754. That Samuel Eaton be paid three pounds for serving as clerk for four 3'ears ; and that Lieutenant Lemuel Turner be paid eighteen shillings, David Curtis twenty-four shillings, and Captain Timoth}' Baile}' three shillings, for going to North Yarmouth. It will be seen 164 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. that most of the foregoing relates to past transactions of the precinct, or parish, which have not been preserved as matters of record. [1759.] On May 9, 1759, a committee was chosen to settle the district and parish affairs, and another committee was also chosen to settle with the town of North Yarmouth, and to receive what money was due to Harpswell. At this meeting it was also voted to build a pound near the meeting-house, and also one on Mr. Joseph Thomp- son's land on the island called Great Sebascodegan. On Ma}' 30, of this 3'ear, the town voted to purchase scales, weights, and measures for use as a standard. Jonathan Flint was allowed £1 9s. for laying out the main road from the Brunswick line to the lower end of the Neck ; James Gardner was also paid 3s. for carrying a pole to lay out the road, and Thomas Jones, Jr., and Captain John Stover, 3s. each, for assistance in laying out this road. £13 6s. 8d. was appropriated for the poor. [1760.] In 1760 the town appropriated 35s. Ad. to pay David Curtis for his expense in obtaining books, scales, and weights. [1762.] At the Ma}' meeting in 1762, it was voted that 2d. per head should be paid for all crows killed on the Neck before the Octo- ber following. [1763.] In Ma}', 1763, the town A'oted to pay Benjamin Jaques, Alexander Wilson, and John Alexander the sums assessed against them for the sloop built the previous year. [1765.] In 1765 the town voted to allow Nicholas Pinkham the sum assessed upon his father " for the fine laid on the Quakers as appears by State and Rate Bills, 1760." ^ [1768.] At a meeting held March 25, 1768, the town voted — twenty-six to twelve — not to set off Great Sebascodegan Island as a parish. At a meeting held September 28th, it was voted not to send a delegate to the convention to be held at Boston, but the selectmen, with Andrew Dunning and Benjamin Jaques, were chosen as a commit- tee to prepare and forward a letter to that convention. [1770.] The records of the meeting on May 22, 1770, contain the following entry : — " The majority of votes for Mr. Samuel Stanwood as Representative were 20." This is the first mention to be found of the town's being represented at the General Court. [1772.] In 1772 the town voted to pay David Curtis and Elijah 1 This is the first and only record in either of the three towns where Quakers are spoken of as having been fined. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 165 Douglas one dollar each " for haling Boards from Brunswick." What the boards were for is not stated, but probably- for the school-houses. [1773.] On January 28, 1773, a communication from the town of Boston, setting forth the rights of the colonies and a statement of the infringement of their rights, was laid before the town for their consideration . A committee, consisting of William Sylvester, Deacon Andrew Dunning, and Captain Benjamin Jaques, was chosen to write a replj' and to submit it to the town at a special meeting to be held on the eighth day of March, at which time the committee reported as follows : — " That generous Ardor for Civil and Religious Liberty which in the Face of every Danger and even Death itself induced our fore Fathers to forsake the Bosom of their Native Country their Pleasant Seats and Fertile Fields and begin a Settlement in this then a howling Wilderness is not extinct in us their Posterity. " they Dearly purchased (with many Tears Praj^ers Mortifications & Self Denials) those happ3' Gospel Priviledges and Religious Liber- ties which we enjoy in Conjunction with the Royal Charter these we esteem dear and Sacred — we are greatly' alarmed at the Innovations made upon our Charter Rights and think them a Real Grievance — We fear not Poverty' but disdain Slaver}'. ' whatever Day, Makes Man a Slave takes half his worth away.' " We shall not particularly enumerate our Grievances but only Say we Concur with the Sentiments of the Committ^- of Correspondence at Boston as they have stated the rights of the Colonists and of this Province in Particular, and of the Infringements on those Rights. We openly and Frankly declare that we hold Fast our Loyalty- to our Sovereign (Independency we have not in View — we abhor the Thought) and hold our Selves in Readiness at all times with our lives and For- tunes to assist his Majesty in his Defence as we have heretofore done (when for the Enlargement of the Brittish Empire, upon the Ruins of their Perfidious French Neighbors we have Cheerfully Emptied our Purses and furnished out our Quota of Men to join the Countless Numbers of loyal Americans who have Sacrificed their lives in the high Places of the Field & Desert — Many of whose Bones are to this Day whitning in the sun) yet we groan under our Burdens we sensibly' feel them, but do not despair of Redress If the Importunity of a Poor widow May Moove an unjust Judge to avenge her How much More 166 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HABPSWELL. May we hope for Redress by Frequent application to our Gracious and good King wliicli application we humbl}' conceive Should be Dutiful and 103-al — Vewing our Selves to be the children and our Gra- cious Sovereign the Parent. And Could his Excelency Our Gov- ernour (whom we highl}- esteem & think to be endow"^ with Singular abilities) be prevailed upon to join the other Branches of the Legisla- ture Supplicating the Throne for .Redress it appears to us the Most probable way of obtaining his Majestys Ro^-al Attention and Relief. "William Sylvester ^ And^ DuNiNG \ Committy.''^ Bejtj" Jaques j The records continue as follows : — •" The question being put whether the foregoing Report be accepted it Passed in the Affirmative Nemine contradicente and. thereupon voted William S3'lvester Esqr., Deacon Andrew Duning & Capt. Benj^ Jaques a Committ}' to Transmit an attested Coi)py from the Clerk to the Comitty of Correspondence at Boston with the Thanks of this District to that Respectable Patriotic Town." [1774.] At the annual meeting in 1774, the town passed the fol- lowing votes : " to allow Andrew Duning 6 shillings a year since 1759 for services as Clerk," and " to fence the burying place with stone or boards, as the Committee think proper." At a special meeting, held August 11, William Sylvester, Esquire, Andrew Dunning, and Deacon Isaac Snow were chosen a committee to replj' to sundry letters from the town of Boston, relative to enter- ing into a covenant for the non-consumption of British goods. The committee reported as follows : — " That the Town of Boston is Now Suffering in the Common Cause, a Cause which we Esteem to be Our Own that it is our Fixed Resolu- tion not to be Awed into Acquiesence b}" a Mad Exertion of Mere Power on the Part of Our Enemies but to hold and Defend Our Charter Rights to the Last, that a general Agreement between the Colonies of non importation & non exportation faithfully observed would (under God) be a Means of the Salvation of our falling Country' that as the Honourable House of Representatives Did on June 17'*' 1774 Resolve that a Committy Should be appointed to Meet as Soon as May be the Committies that are or shall be appointed b}- the Several Colonies on this Continant/to Consult together upon the Present State of the Colonies and to Delibei'ate & Determine upon Wise and Propper Measures to be b5' them Recomended to All the MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARP SWELL. 1G7 Colonies for the Recover}- & Establishment of their Just Rights 4— & it is our Opinion that our now Coming into the non-Consumption agreement Previous to the Result of the Congress would be Prema- ture and that We should Anticipate the Verry End of that Respectable Body we therefore think it More Regular and Advisable first to hear the Measures advised to by the Congress and we hold our Selves in Readiness to Compl}' with the Same." This report was accepted. On September 14th, Joseph Ewing, Captain John Stover, and Andrew Dunning were chosen a committee "to go to Falmouth to meet the Falmouth and other Town Committees at Falmouth, y^ 21st of Sept. Inst." [1775.] On March 20. 1775, the town passed the following vote: " to Give the Men that Shall Engage as Minute Men too Shillings & Eight Pence p' Week allowing they Meet three Days each week & spend three Hours Each Da}- in exercising or Learning the Art Mili- tary for One Month from Date Agreeable to the Advice of the Con- gress — and if Legually called by the Chief Officers to March Out of Town Shall be entitled to forty eight Shillings as A Bounty or Incour- agement and the like Incouragement to Any Others that shall be Legally Called as above & comply with the call." The selectmen were this year instructed to have the town's propor- tion of the Province rate paid to Henry Gardner, Esquire, "• as soon as may be." • William Sylvester, Joseph Orr, Nathaniel Purinton, .John Siiow, Samuel Bartlett, James Ridley, Joseph Ewing, Andrew Dunning, Benjamin Jaques, Paul Curtis, John Stovei', Ebenezer Toothaker, John Roduck, John Farnham, Mark Rogers. William Morgridge, Simeon Hopkins, Ezekiel Curtis, and Anthony Coombs, Jr., were chosen a Committee of Inspection and of Correspondence. The town also voted to provide a stock of ammunition, dou])le in quantit}' the amount required by law. On May 1st, William Sylvester, Nathaniel Purinton, John Snow, Benjamin Jaques, and Andrew Dun- ning were chosen a Committee of Supply. At a meeting held on the 5th of June, it was voted that '• the Remainder of the half barrel of Powder Purchased by the Committy of Supply be a Town Stock." It was also, at this time, "Voted to keep four Watches — One at the intervale By the Harbour or there Abouts One at the High Land Near Benj. Webbers One at the Lookout and One at Jaqueses Hill And Every Person Deficient being Duly Notified to Pay Six Shillings as a fine." It was also voted, 168 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. " Not to fire a gun between Sun Set & Sun Rise except at the enem}' or an Alarm on Penalty of Setting in the Stocks One Hour." The town also voted that the powder should be furnished to those needing it, in the quantit}' of half a pound for each man, who applied and who should pay or give his note for it. Captain John Snow, Paul Randall, and William Sylvester were chosen a Committee of Supply and Safet}'. At a meeting held July 6th, Captain Nehemiah Curtis was selected to join with the committees of other towns in the county, for the pur- pose of distributing in the most important places the men w'ho were stationed for a guard upon the sea-coast. [1776.] At a meeting of the town held Januar}' 16, 1776, the selectmen were chosen a committee to embod}' in a petition to the General Court the necessity there was for an armed guard and a supply of ammunition in the town. On March 4, William Sjdvester, Nathaniel Purinton, Captain Nehe- miah Curtis, Captain John Snow, and Lieutenant Benjamin Dunning were chosen a Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safet}'. At a meeting held Ma}^ 6, the vote of the District in 1775, giving minute-men 2s. 8d. per week for meeting for military practice on three days in each week, for three hours each day, was rescinded. On July 30 it was voted that the selectmen should take charge of the ammunition and arms, receipt for the same, and then distribute them among the officers of the militia, who should be accountable foi' them. It was also voted to pa}' Nathaniel Purinton and the seven men who assisted him in bringing guns down the Kennebec River, 4s. each, for two days' labor. It was also voted to pa^' Deacon Isaac Snow 12s. for his expenses and charge in bringing twenty-five fire-arms from Falmouth. Andrew Dunning was, at this meeting, chosen to take recognizances in Harpswell. At a meeting held on December 20, the following resolutions were passed : — " Voted the great & General Court or Assembly of this State Do Take up a Form of Go\'ernment as Soon as they think Propper & that form that Shall tend most to Piety, Peace, Safety and Good Oixler in this State and agreeable to the Honourable Continental Congress — the vote unanimus at a full Meeting. " Voted the Selectmen Send to the General Court or Treasurer for Axes, Kittles, Canteens and Mone}' to hire Waggons & Pay the Men that are Draughted their Milage to the Place of Destination." [1777.] At the March meeting in 1777, Nathaniel Purinton, Captain John Snow, Captain Nehemiah Curtis, Ezekiel Curtis, and MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 169 Andrew Dunning were chosen a Committee of Correspondence and Safety. It was also voted, " Not to Have a Hospetal Built in the Count}' for an Enocolating Hospetal." It was also voted this A'ear to pay Andrew Dunning 12s. for superintending the deliver}- of pow- der and flints, and for recording the Declaration of Independence. On November 25, a committee was chosen to sujipl}' the families of soldiers with necessarj' articles. [1778.] The entry of the May meeting in 1778 commences, " At a meeting of the Town of Harpswell." It is the first time that the records were thus commenced, heretofore the words " parish," " dis- trict," or " inhabitants" being used. Yet Harpswell must have been in all respects a town prior to this, having in 1770 elected a represent- ative. At this meeting, Captain John Snow, Joseph Ewing, Benja- min Dunning, Ezekiel Curtis, Captain Thomas Merryman, Paul Randall, and Alexander Ewing were chosen a Committee of Inspec- tion, Safety, and Supply. It was voted to raise £420 " for the rein- forcement of nine men now to be raised, and proportioned as hereafter mentioned, viz. to four men for the militia one hundred dollars per man. To five men for the Continental Armv two hundred dollars per man." The selectmen were instructed to hire the money to pay the above bounties, and also the mileage of the soldiers. At a meeting, held June 24, the town voted to purchase some cloth- ing which had been provided for the soldiers and also to raise the sum of £56 for the four men who had that day enlisted. At another meeting, held on the third of August, it was voted that the selectmen should pro- vide the town's proportion of clothing for the arm}', in accordance with the order of the General Court, passed the previous June, and that each article of clothing should be of the same price as previously, if of as good quality, and that it should be valued by the same committees, [1779.] At the March meeting in 1779, Thomas Merryman, James Ridley, and Alexander Ewing were chosen a Committee of Cor- respondence, Inspection, Safety, and vSupply. At a meeting, held July 2, it was voted that all the male inhabitants of Harpswell above the age of sixteen years should take the oath of allegiance to the United States. It was also voted to supply powder and balls from the town stock to such as might need them ; that the price of the powder should be £3, and of balls 15s. per pound. — each one being allowed half a pound of powder, and balls in proportion. It was also voted that Michael Curtis, Thomas Farr, Paul Randall, and John Blake should be a committee " to wait on the Justice to tender the oath of alle- giance to the United States," and that all males over the age of six- 170 IllSTORY OF BliUXSWICK, TOrSIIA}f, AXD ^.iRPS^VI:LLr teen years who refused to take that oath should be disarmed. At a lueeliug- held iu August, it was voted to sell eight tire-arms, that had l>een receutly purchased, at forty two and one half dollars each. [1780.] At the ^lareh meeting in 1780, William Sylvester, Esquire, Captain Xehemiah Curtis, Paul Curtis, Thomas Farr, Cap- tain Isaac Snow, Lieutenant Anthony Coombs, and Simeon Hopkins were chosen a Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety. At the May meeting the town voted to raise £2,000 for expenses and £;>00 for support of the poor. The proposed new constitution tV>r the State of ^NTassachnsetts was read and considered article by article. It was amended "in Page '27tli, last line, for the word Christian to have the word Protestant and in Page ood — the House of Peinescntatives to have a voice in the appointment of ofticers for the Continental army." Thus amended, thirty voted in favor of, and one against it. At a meeting held in Septembor, the town voted for governor, lieutenant-governor, and senator. John Hancock received fourteen votes as governor; Sam- uel Adams eight, and James Bowdoin seven, as lieutenant-goy- eruor ; and John Lewis, lifleen as senator. This is the lirst record of a vote of this town for State officers. At a meeting held October 23, a committee was chosen to procure beef for the army. [1781.] On January 11, 1781, a committee was chosen to procure soldiers for the Continental army, and on the thirtieth of the month the town voted " to give Sixty Pounds L. M. Paid in the Old Way in hard money. Stock. Produce or Equal in other things as shall be agreed on by the Town and Persons Engageing." At a subsequent meeting, held the third of February, the town voted that the above-named sum should be given as a bounty to each man that should enlist for three years as a soldier, and that it should be paid " by the tenth Day of ]\Liy next, or as 31any ^lidling Cows & Calfs as shall amount to the Sum at five Pounds for each Cow ct Calf or Intrcst for the same till Paid." At a meeting held in March, the town voted that *' the Pools [polls] & estates in the Town be Divided into ten classes as Near as may be to Pay the Bounty Given the ten Continental soldiers, the Assess- ors to assess the Inhabitants «& Each Class to collect their Part & Pay to the Agents for the Soldiers according to Agreement." And that '' the whole sum contained in the Notes Given the Soldiers be assessed except the Cows that were Promised at the three years end, the Town to be assessed for the money." MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARP SWELL. 171 At a meeting held in April, a Committee of Correspondence, Inspec- tion, and Safety was chosen as usual. At a June meeting it was voted to raise thirty-five pounds for cur- rent expenses and fifteen pounds for the support of the jwor, the money to be reckoned in silver dollars at six shillings each, or in other currency equivalent to silver. In July the town voted to raise £50 in silver, or its equivalent, for the purchase of the beef called for l)y the General Court in its requisition of June 22. On D('ceml)er /i, the town voted to pay twenty-two shillings per hundred-weight for the beef needed to fill the second and third requisi- tions, and to raise £10 for that purpose. [1782.] In May, 1782, the town voted to relieve the tax collector of all responsibility for the counterfeit mone}' he had received prior to July, 1781, upon his making oath to the facts. The usual Conunit- tee of Correspondence, etc., was chosen this year. [1 783.] In March, of this year, the town voted to build two pounds, one to be erected on the neck and the other on the island. In Ma}', Nathaniel Purinton, Esquire, Lieutenant Anthon}' Coombs, Deacon Andrew Dunning, Benjamin Dunning, and Lieutenant Michad Curtis were chosen a Committee of Inspection, " on account of the Return of the Absentees." [178o.] In March, 1785, the town voted to rent a workhouse, also to pay for labcr on the highwaj-s the following rates : 4s. per day per man, 2.s. for oxen, 8fi. for a cart, and 1.?. for a plough. [1787.] On January 8, 1787, the town voted in favor of the three eastern counties being made a separate State, and Captain Isaac Snow was elected to represent the town at the convention to be held at Portland on thelast "Wednesday in January. ■ On December 10, Captain Isaac Snow was elected a delegate to attend the convention to be held at Boston on the second Wednesda}^ of the succeeding Januarj', and a conmiittee was chosen to give him instructions. On the twenty-eighth of the month the town met to hear the instructions which the committee had prepared, and it was at this meeting voted to "except [accept] the federal Constitution with Amendments." This vote explains the object of the convention for which the town had chosen a delegate. [1792.] The town appears to have been very undecided as to the utility of a separation of the eastern counties from Massachusetts. In January it voted in favor of it and in Ma}- against it. [1794 ] On August 11, 1794, it was voted " to give the men that 172 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. shall go on this detacliment five dollars as a bount}' if they are called for into service. Voted to make up to the men that shall List with the Continental Pay, twelve dollars per month for three months if the}' should be called into actual service." The object for which a detachment was made from the Harpswell company of militia has not been ascertained. It is evident, however, from the above vote, that it was of a national character. In November of this .year, Stephen Purinton, Johnson Stover, and Benjamin Dunning were chosen to make a survey and plan of the town, in accordance with the provisions of an Act of the General Court passed the preceding eighteenth of June. [1795.] This 3'ear the town voted — thirty-eight to twelve — against a revision of the Constitution. [1796.] In May of this year the town voted "That if an}' let his Ram go at Large between the first daj' of September and the Tenth Day of November he shall forfeit the Ram." [1797.] On Ma}' 10, 1797, the town again voted against a sepa- ration of the District of Maine from the State of Massachusetts. [1798.] At a meeting held October 15, 1798, the town voted against "the formation of a new county to be composed of the towns of Brunswick, Harpswell, Durham, Georgetown, Bath, Topshara, Bow- doin, Bowdoinham, Little River, Litchfield, Green, Lewiston, Wales, and Littleborough." [1803.] In 1803 the town offered a bounty of four cents for each crow killed during that year. [1805.] In 1805 it was voted that " if the Treasurer shall receive any bank bills that will not pass that the town will receipt for the same." This was a singular way to discountenance the counterfeiting of money. [1810.] This town seems to have been remarkably lenient towards those who had been imposed upon by counterfeit, or bad money, for this year it was voted "to receive a three dollar bill of the Widow Sarah Haskell, on Vermont State Bank, said not to be good, and give her good money in lieu of the same, and voted that Paul Ra}'mond have the bill and make sale of it to the best advantage." [1812.] At the annual meeting in 1812, the town voted " that Peter Birthright [and his family] live on the premises where they are and the Selectmen supply them with necessary s." A present often dollars was also voted to Samuel Clark. At a special meeting, held August 24th, Stephen Purinton and John Curtis were elected delegates to a County Convention to be held at Gray " to take MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 173 measures to alleviate the miseries of war, and bring about a speedy and lasting peace." The selectmen, with Stephen Purinton and Marl- borough S^'lvester, were chosen a Committee of Safet}^ and Correspond- ence. [1S14.] At a meeting held July 25th, the town chose Stephen Purinton as an agent to go to Boston to receive Harpswell's quota of the State stock of arms and ammunition, provided that he could get them at the expense of the State and without cost to the town. At a town meeting held the seventh of November, the selectmen were chosen a committee to receive into their care the arms and equipments for the town, and were authorized to dispose of the arms, one to a person, on sufficient security that those who received them would deliver them up when called for. [1816.] In May, 1816, the town again voted against a separation from Massachusetts, and in September also, by a still stronger vote. At this latter meeting Reverend Samuel P^aton was chosen as delegate to the convention to be held at Brunswick on the last Monda}- in September. [1817.] In 1817 the collectorship of taxes on the Great Island was struck otf at auction to John Reed at five and a quarter cents, and that on the Neck to David Orr at four and a half cents on the dollar. [1819.] In July, 1819, the town again voted against the separation of Maine, but at a meeting held in vSeptember, Stephen Purinton was elected delegate to the Portland conveirtion, and on the sixth of December the town voted in favor of accepting the Constitution prepared by that convention. UNDER STATE OF MAINE. [1821.] At a meeting held February 25, 1821, the town voted to send a representative to the legislature for their proportionate part of the time, but objected to being classed for representation with any other town. At this meeting the town also voted against being set off from the county of Cumberland, and also against the formation of a new county. At a meeting held in May, it was voted " that Joseph Eaton shall purchase locks and hinges for the town chest, at the expense of the town." [1822.] In 1822 the town's poor were, according to custom, set at vendue, but a vote was passed that those who bid them off should fur- nish them with suitable food and with tobacco, but should provide no clothing without the consent of the overseers of the poor. At a meeting of the town, held on December 21, a committee was chosen 174 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHA.V, AXD HARPSWEIL. to prosout to the legislntinv :i ivmonstninoe agaiii!>t the proposed division ot' Cmubevland County. At this meeting the selectmen were instrueteil to i-emonstrate to the legislature "" against the now extended limits of the jail yard in this oounty." ^ The town also voted tluit the selectmen and town elerk should " instruct the repre- sentative in future events." [182;>.] In 1823 the town voted in favor of allowing the inhabi- tants of Great Island to be set otl'as a separate town. [182o.] At the annual tall meeting this year, •• it was motioned and seconded to take the minds of the people whether to send a rep- resentative or not, and the vote was not to send. The presiding selectman then told the people if there were any who wished to bring in their votes he should receive them." The result was that dohn Curtis had twenty-two votes, Paul Kandall thirteen, and IVlog Curtis one vote. [182(5.] At the September meeting, in 182G, the town voted that the militia should be furnished with one quarter of a pound of powiler for each man — made into blank cartridges — and that the commanders of companies should cause it to be expended in teaching the men pre- cision in tiring. Lutlier Dana was. in November of this year, licensed '• as a retailer of strong liquors to be spent out of his shop." This is the tirst lieouse of the kind recorded in the town records. [1827.] In 1827 the town voted to let the powder remain in the magazine, and to pay the militia money instead of rations ; also, to deliver to each non-commissioned otticer and private — at the review inspection — one quarter of a pound of powder to be made into blank cartriilges. [1829.] In 1820 the town voted that the selectmen should grant licenses to sell intoxicating liquors to all suitable persons, who were victuallers or retailers, that should apply tor a license agreeably to the pi-ovisions of au Act passed in March of that year. [18ol.] On January o. 1831, the town voted unanimoutiJ;/ against the formation of a new county, if llarpswell was to be included in it. On January 25, it was voted to petition the legislature not to class llarpswell with any other town for representation, but for it to author- i/.e the town to elect a representative for such a portion of time and at such period as should be equal to their portion of representation. The request was not granted. 1 H'as this an exquisite bit of satire, impli^iny that the Jail was so insecure that the prisimers nnvned all orer the counti/ ? MfJXIfJJ/'AL HISTORY OF lIAltl'SWKLL. 175 [I8;{2.] On July 7, 1H,")2, !i law of Maicli, 1H.",2, rolatiiif? to vncfi- nalioii wiiH nsiid, and llic town then voted 1o make no pifjvision for vacfinatinj^ tin; inliabitantw, and to ra'iHe no money for Hiieli a purjxjse. Pelcg (.'nrtis, JoHeph Eaton, Levi !>. TS,'5(;, for purchasing one; or more hearses, was" passed over," and until the year 1877 there was no hearse in town. [IH;57.] In March of this year tlu; representative was instructed to favor the passage of an Act so that the town might receive its pi-o- portion of the surplus revenue. At a meeting, held tlu; next April, IJenjamiu Randall was chosen an agent to receive the town's propor- tion of the surj)lus revenue, and it was voted to have this money loaned to the citizens, and a committee was chosen to HUpei'intcnd the loan. It was also, at this meeting, voted that the overseers of the poor should tr}' to remove all negroes from the town. This action ma}' have been due to anti[)athy against the race, but it was more probalily because the negroes were all paupers. "The town, also, this year, voted almost unanimousl}^ against an amendment to the State Constitution relative to bail. [18;)8.] 'J'his year the town voted that the suri)lus revenue nuMiey should l)e divided among the citizens, X'^'n" <:o,pitci, as soon as it could be collected. Paul Kandall was chosen an agent to collect and distrib- ute it, and he was authorized to colk'ct it " in Union IJank bills and small change." [1839.] The town this ^ear voted against a proposed amendment to the State Constitution, relating to the tenure of judicial (;llicers. [IHIO.] At the regular meeting this year a committee was appointed to consider and report concerning the annual value of the 176 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. lobster privilege. They reported that it was worth one hundred and ten dollars per year, and the town voted to lease it at that price. [1841.] The town, this year, voted in favor of a resolve of the legislature, passed in April, which reduced the number of repre- sentatives to one hundred and fift3--one. Also, in favor of diminish- ing the number of representatiAcs when they reached two hundred. The town, this year, again petitioned the legislature not to class Harps well with any other town, but to assign its proportion of rep- resentation. [1843.] A committee was chosen, this year, to ascertain where land could be purchased for an almshouse. [1844.] The town, in 1844, voted ve-y strong!}' against a resolve of the legislature for amending the Constitution, which was passed March 19, and it also A^oted unanimousl}^ against an Act to estab- lish town courts, which was passed by the legislature, March 22. [1845.] In February, 1845, a committee was chosen to petition the legislature for a separate representation. Several meetings were held in the winter and spring of this year, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Samuel Ma^'all, the representative to the legisla- ture. There was no choice, as this town voted each time for a llarpswell man instead of one from Gray, the town with which it was classed in representation. The town this 3-ear purchased land and built a house — which it still owns — on Lamboe's Point, for Thomas J. Pennell and family, Avho had lately removed from Gray. Pennell was a poor man, but able-bodied, and the town furnished this assist- ance as a precautionar}' measure to keep him from becoming a pauper. [184G.] This year the town had the same trouble as the year before in regard to electing a representative. [1847.] The town in 1847 voted against a resolve of the legisla- ture which provided for the election of representatives to the legislature by a plurality vote ; also, against an Act pledging the credit of the State and creating a State debt. [1851.] In 1851 the town again petitioned for a separate repre- sentation in the State legislature. [1852.] In 1852 the selectmen were instructed to appoint an agent to sell liquors. [1853] At a special meeting, held on February 26, 1853, the town was found to be unanimoush' opposed to Harpswell being set off from Cumberland and annexed to another count}', and it was voted to remonstrate against all petitions for new counties that in- cluded Harpswell. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF HARPS WELL. 177 [1855.] In March of this 3'ear the town A-oted not to dispense with a liquor agenc3^ hut that if the selectmen should appoint an agent the_v should buy the liquor and pay him a reasonable compensa- tion for selling it, the town receiving the profits thereof. In September the town voted against certain proposed amendments to the State Constitution, b}- which judges of probate, registers of probate, sher- iffs, municipal and police judges, land-agent, attorney-general, and adjutant-general should be elected by the people. [1H56.] In March, 1856, the selectmen were instructed to see if the old meeting-house could be obtained of the proprietors, and in Sejjtember the town voted to buy it for a town-house, for one hundred dollars, the price being that fixed by the proprietors. [1857.] The selectmen were instructed in 1857 to remove the body pews in the town-house, build a chimney, provide wood, etc. [1858.] At a special meeting, heldin May of this year, the town voted unanimously in favor of the prohibitory law ; fiftj^-nine votes being cast. [1859.] The town in 1859 voted against State aid to the " Aroos- took Railroad Company." It was also voted that the selectmen should take counsel in reference to some disputed islands adjacent to Harpswcll, and should report as to the probability of the town's being able to deny them. The representative to the legislature was instructed to use all means in his power to reduce the expenses of the State government. [1861.] In 1861 the town voted to petition the legislature for a separate representation for the term of ten years. The request was not granted. The town records, subsequently to the last date, contain nothing of general interest, except what relates to the enlistment of volunteers and the support of their families, which will be mentioned in another connection, until 1865. [1865.] At a meeting, held April 8, of this 3'ear, it was voted to raise $2,500 to purchase a town farm. Charles Stover, Paul C. Alexander, and Paul A. Durgan were chosen to hire the monej^ and were instructed to hire it on town bonds, running fifteen years. This vote, however, was evidently never carried into effect. [1866.] At the annual meeting in 1866 the town voted to leave the poor in the care of the overseers. It was also voted to raise $1,500 for the support of the poor. [1867.] In 1867 the selectmen were authorized and instructed to have a room finished in the gallery' of the town-house for an office, 12 1 78 HISTOin' OF liRUy^SWICK, TOFSIIAM, J.YZ) IIAIiPiiWELL. iiiul also to biiiltl a chiinupy and procure a stove, and to have the ltuililin<; sliinulod. At a nioetin«i- hold June 3d, the town voted unani- mously in f^ivor of an Act of the legislature for the suppression of drinkino-houses and tippling-shops. [18()i).] At the animal meetiuii' this year it was voted to buy a town farm, and L. II. Stover, "William C. Eaton, and S, S. Toothaker were eliosen a eonunittee to get proposals, and were instructed to report at a meeting to be called for the purpose. The eonunittee reported on the twenty-t\)urth of April, and the town voted to raise $;>,00() by loan to purchase a farm, ami the selectmen were instructed (if in their judguient the interests of the town required the purchase of a town farm) to purchase such a fiirm as they should think proper, and make the necessary repairs on the same. [1870.] At the annual meeting in 1S70, the town voted to leave the care of the poor with the overseers, and also to raise Si,")!)!) for their support. The town also voted " that the treasurer be instructed to keep the State bonds arising from ccpialization in iiis own luMise." [1871.] On Jamiary 1-4, 1871, the town voted that the selectnien and overseers of the poor " be and are hereby instructed to build a new barn for James Alexander in place of the one destroyed by tire, and that they furnish him with hay and sutVicient farming tools, using their di>ci'etiou in the matter." The town also passed the following resolve : — '' That in our candid judguient the burning of the barn of James Alexander, "id, and the maiming of his cattle in the night-time by some person or persons unknown, is an outrage upon a peaceable com- munity which demands the most vigorous etlbrts to detect and convict the perpetrator, as no person is safe in his person or proi)erty in a community containing at large such a person. " Therefore, Ri solved. That the selectmen be authorized and in- structed and are hereby required to make diligent search to appre- hend and convict the otfendor, using their discretion as to the methods to be taken to produce that result." The selectmen were also instructed to oppose the repeal of the Porgie Law, before the Conunittee on Fisheries at Augusta. At a meeting held February (>th, the following preamble and resolu- tion were passed by unanimous vote : — " Whereas the location of our town of Ilarpswell is so isolated and is so far removed from any town not entitled to a representative, that it would be very inconvenient, and of no benefit to have it classed for representation. MUNICIPAL mSTORY OF IIARI'SWKLL. 170 " Therefore, Resolved, 'i'liat wo in our corporate capacity, agreeable to the requirernont.s of the constitution of Maine, do hereby determine against a classification with any other town or plantation, and we do hereby instruct the town clerk to forward a copy of this resolution to the speaker of the House of Representatives, praying that the legisla- ture may authorizie the town of Ilarpswell to elect a representative for such portion of time and such periods as shall be equal to its por- tion of representation." Tlie pra3'er was not granted, however, anorated in other chapters. 180 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPS WELL. CHAPTER IV. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. The town of Topsham first received its name, legally, in the 3'ear 1717, when a vote passed in the House of Representatives of the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts, "That the other Town Plotted In a square of a Mile to y^ eastward of Androscoggin River fronting to Merrimeeting Bay be allowed and accepted by the name of Topsham and be Plotted & Laid out the quantity- of Six miles Square as the Land will allow." ^ This tract of land was mainly settled b}^ English emigrants, the greater number of whom are supposed to have come from the town of Topsham, England, and to have named the place in memory of their former home. The situation of the place on the bank of a river may possibly have given it, to the minds of its founders, a fancied resemblance to its English namesake. The settlement of the town under the Pejepscot proprietors has already been given in previous chapters. No records of any municipal doings of the inhabitants previous to the incorporation of the town have been preserved, if, indeed, there ever were such. UXDER THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS. [1764.] The municipal history' of the town commences, therefore, with its incorporation in Januaiy, 17G4. The petition for an Act of Incorporation was as follows : — "PROVINCE OF THE MASS-* BAT. " To His Excellency Francis Barnard Esq Gov" & Commander in Chief of Said Province, The Honb"-" His Majestys Councill and THE Hon""-^ House of Eepresentatives in General Court assem- bled, Dec. 21, 1763. "THE PETITION OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE SETTLEMENT OF TOPSHAM IN THE COUNTY OF LINCOLN. Most Humbly Sheweth. "That from the Year 1715 under the Sanction & approbation of this Honoured court the Settlement of said Place was projected at the 1 Massachusetts Records, 1717. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOP SHAM. 181 Desire & Expense of the Pejepscot Proprietors under whose Right the said Inhabitants originall}' settled & so continue to this present time : That we always have been and still are an Exposed Frontier & have greatly suffered by tlie Indian Enemy Nevertheless by the Divine Favour have maintained said Settlement under the Protection of this Government and there are at this time to the number of thirty five families who are desirous of being incorporated that so t\\ey may be enabled to have the Gospell setled among them having already erected a Frame for the Meeting house in said Place ; also that they may be qualified to transact their Affairs among themselves necessary" to their better Settlement in Town Order the said Inhabitants having laboured under many Inconveniences on these Accounts and b}' their Situation have been Subjected to be taxed bj' the Town of Brunswick on which account they have had Just Cause to think themselves no so fairly treated by them. "Therefore 3-our Petitioners most humbly entreat this Honourd Court would be pleased to incorporate them into a Township or District that they may be entitled to the Advantages & Priviledges other ToAvns enjoy by virtue of the Ro^-all Cliarter and that the said present Settlement may thrive & flourish under the encouragement & Protection of this Ilon*^ Court, And 3'our Petitioners as in Duty bound shall ever pray. " Adam Hunter John Patten William Thorne Sam" Winchell James Bevkridge Sam"-"- Staples Ezra Randall John Winchell William Reed Junr Stephen Staples Charles Robinson Joseph Graves John Reed Johnson Graves William Reed Samuel Graves David Reed Archibald Moffatt John Orr Gowen Fulton James Mustard James Work Eben" Work James Hunter W:: Hunter James Fulton Robert Fulton John Fulton W" Patten "1 ^Pejepscot Papers. 182 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AXD IIARPSWELL. In accordauoo ^Yith this potitioiu Topshnin was duly incorporated in 17G4. Tlie following is a copy of the Act of Incorporation : — "Anno Regm Regis GEORGII III Teutio Quarto, 17(14. "TOPSHAM A TOWNSHIP. "AX ACT for oroctinir ;\ Town in the County of LiDcoln by tlio X;uno of Tupsham. '' Whekkas the Iithubitants {Settled on IIoise of Representatives in General Topsham. Court Assembled. "That the Said Tract of Land described as follows, viz. to begin npon the Southerly Line of the Town of Bowdoinham, where Said Line strikes the "Water, and from thence to run a West Northwest Course upon said Bou-doinhani Line, as far as it goes, and from thence on the same Streight Course to Little liiver so called, which is about eight Miles from the "Water aforesaid, and from thence South- wardly down said Little River to Androscoggin River, and down said Androscoggin River to ;Merrv-ineeting Bay, and from thence to the Line of Boiodoinhani aforesaid, including several small Islands or Islets lying in said Androscoggin River, between the Said Ijittle River and the Falls at Brunswick Fort, be, and hereby is erected into a Town to be called To2)she- tent to protect our commerce and guard our extensive and almost defenceless coasts ; that our surprise at this neglect is greatly aggra- vated wlien we call to mind the solemn truths long since announced b}' the present chief magistrate of the Union, truths the more impor- tant and interesting now we are placed in ' an attitude ' if not in ' an armor' of war. ' Naval batteries, the most capable of repelling for- eign enterprises upon our safety, are happily such as can never be turned by aperfidims government against our liberties. The inhab- itants of the Atlantic frontier are all of them deeply interested in this provision for naval protection ; and if they have hitherto been suffered to sleep quietl}' in their beds ; if their property has remained safe against tlie pi'edatory spirit of licentious adventurers ; if their maritime towns have not been compelled to ransom themselves from the terrors of a conflagration by yielding to the exaction of daring and sudden invaders, these instances of good fortune are not to be attrib- uted to the protection of the existing government that claims their allegiance, but to causes that are fugitive and fallacious.' ^ '-'- Resolved, That the closest examination we have been able to make of the long train of our foreign negotiations compels us to believe that the unnecessary and ruinous war, into which we are now plunged, is to be attributed more to the impulse of faction, combined with the intriguing, flattering, menacing, confiscating, plundering, and burning polic}' of the modern Attila, operating upon our own govern- ment with magic influence, than to the ' injustice of a foreign power,' declared to be our enemy. " That a war so forced upon us we can neither approve nor volunta- rily support ; that we cannot consent to forego the abundant and hon- orable returns of legitimate commerce for the scanty and disgraceful plunder of legalized piracy- ; we cannot freely exchange the cheering scenes of domestic peace for the chilling horrors of the ' blood}' arena.* Indeed we are unwilling wantonly to put to hazard the noblest gifts of God to man, — our liberty and independence, — to assist even our loving friend Napoleon in his aim to destro}' the remnant of liberty in Europe, that he may the more easily bring within his iron grasp the 1 Madison. MUNICIPAL n: STORY OF TOPSHAM. 199 ' ships, colonies, and commerce of the world.' In short, this -nar we must reprol)ate and abhor chiefly because it tends to draw us into a close connection, into a fatal alliance with this tyrant of nations, the enemy of the human race, whose tender mercies are cruel, whose friendship is slaver}- and death. " Resolved., That, undismayed at the gloomy and threatning aspect of our public affairs, we will not despair of the safety of our confed- erated Republic, trusting that the discerning, enlightened, and resolute spirit of a free people, not to be shaken b}' the ruffian assaults of faction, not to be seduced by the insidious arts of t3'ranny, will speed- ily arise in vindication of their honor and in defence of their rights, and make manifest to the world that their confidence cannot be betrayed nor their interest^! sacrificed with impunity." [1814.] In 1814 it was voted to accept the offer of the Court House, for the purpose of holding town meetings, on the terms named by the Court of Sessions. [1816.] At a meeting held May 20, 1816, the town voted strongly against a separation of the District of Maine from Massachusetts, and the representative from Topsham was instructed to use all means in his power to prevent such separation. At a meeting held September 16, Benjamin Hase}' was elected dele- gate to the convention to be held the latter part of the month in Brunswick. At a meeting held November 4, the memorial strongly opposing separation, which was adopted by the convention at Brunswick on the last Monda}^ in September, relative to the separation of the District of Maine from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, was read, and it was then A^oted that the same should be signed by the selectmen and town clerk, and b}' them be presented in behalf of the inhabitants of the town of Topsham to the honorable General Court. [1818.] At the annual meeting in 1818, Messrs. Abel Merrill, Thomas G. Sandford, and Captain Nathaniel Walker were chosen a committee to adopt measures for the maintenance of paupers. They reported at the Ma}' meeting in favor of the town poor being collected together and provided for by some one individual. [1819.] At a meeting held July 6th, 1819, the town again, and for the last time, voted in favor of a separation of the District from the Commonwealth. This was the fourth time that the town had A^oted in favor of a separation, never having voted against it but once. September 20th, Mr. Nathaniel Greene was elected delegate to the convention to be held at Portland in October, for the purpose of 200 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. framiug a constitution for tlie new State. On December 6tli, tlie town voted unanimouslj' in favor of the Constitution framed at that convention. UNDER STATE OF MAINE. [1820.] The annual town meeting tliis year was held April 3d. This was the first meeting of the town after the admission to the Union of the State of Maine. At this meeting Mr. Pelatiah Haley declined any longer service as a selectman, and the thanks of the town were ten- dered him " for the ability and punctuality displayed in his service in that capacit}^ for many j'ears past." At a meeting held in May following, the representative to the legislature was instructed to advocate a petition in favor of a new county. [1821.] In 1821 the selectmen were instructed to provide a hearse for the use of the town. [1822.] The vote for count}' officers was this 3-ear thrown out by the Court, ou account of unlawful proceedings at the town meeting. [1824.] In 1824 the selectmen were instructed to pa}' each sol- dier belonging to Topsham, who was entitled to receive rations, agreeabl}' to a late law, twenty cents in cash. This was to enable the soldiers to bu}^ their dinner on muster days. They were also instructed to emplo}' a physician to vaccinate the town. The town this year voted to purchase the farm occupied by Aaron Thompson, " for the use of the town," paying for the same three hundred dollars in three annual payments. Probably the vote never went into etfect. The following b3'-laws were adopted by the town and approved by the Court of General Sessions this 3'ear : — "1. Sliding down hill in winter on sleds or boards, in any of the public streets, prohibited under a penalt}' of twenty-five cents for each offence. " 2. Playing with, or knocking, a ball in the streets, within three fourths of a mile from the toll-bridge, prohibited, under a fine of twenty-five cents. "3. Smoking a pipe or cigar on the streets prohibited under a fine of twenty-five cents for each oftence. " Carrying fire through the streets strictl}^ prohibited, under a penalty of one dollar, unless it was properly secured in some metallic case or pan." [1825.] At a meeting of the town, held in September, 1825, it voted to accept the land on Great Island, purchased by the selectmen for MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 201 the use and benefit of the town, at the price of one hundred and twenty-five dollars. This land was for the erection of a building in which to confine an insane person. At a meeting held in December following, the representative to the legislature was instructed " to oppose the petition of George Jewett and one other," unless the whole expense occasioned by its being granted should be imposed upon the count}'. It is probable that this petition was for a bridge across the Cathance River, at the eastern part of the town. Persons now living recollect that there was, about tliis time, considerable discussion in regard to this bridge, and no one has an}- knowledge of an}' other purpose for which a petition was likely to be presented at this time. [1829.] This year the selectmen were instructed to petition the legislature for a new county. [1832.] In 1832 the representative to the legislature was instructed to confer with the representatives of other towns on the subject of a modification of the militia law, so as to dispense with all trainings except the annual inspection in September, and such other meetings of companies as might be deemed necessary for the proper organiza- tion of the militia, and to request their co-operation. [1833.] The selectmen were again instructed by the town, in 1833, to petition the legislature for a new county. They were also author- ized to defend the town against any suit brought by the Maine Stage Company to recover damages for the upsetting of one of their carriages near James Purinton's tannery, in Topsham, on the evening of the 12th of January, 1833, or were authorized to settle the matter with the company, if judged expedient. [1837.] The town, at its annual meeting in 1837, voted to receive its proportion of the surplus revenue deposited with the State of Maine by the United States government, and to deposit this money in Androscoggin Bank, provided the bank would allow interest at five per cent per annum, the interest to be paid annually to the town treasurer. Mr. John Coburn was appointed an agent to receive and receipt for the money in the name of the town. The September meet- ing was held in the Freewill Baptist vestry, near the brick school- house. At this meeting the selectmen and treasurer were appointed a committee to consider the subject of building a town-house. The town also voted that the surplus revenue money should be put at interest and the interest divided among the school districts. This vote was, however, reconsidered the next year [1838], and the town voted to divide it per capita amongst the inhabitants, and Gardner 202 JIISTOBY OF BliUXSWlCK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Green was chosen agent to collect and distribnte it. The money hav- ing already been loaned to individuals, the agent was authorized to borrow the same amount and distribnte it per capita, as directed for the surplus revenue money. Messrs. Charles Thompson, Joshua Has- kell, and "William Frost protested against this action of tlie town as illegal, and gave notice that the}' would severally hold all persons, and particnlarlv the agent, responsible, who should be instrumental in carrying the vote into effect. [1841.] In 1841 the town voted in favor of the proposed consti- tutional amendments, in regard to the election of State officers, but voted against an^' increase of the number of representatives. [1842.] In the year 1842 the town was classed, for election of rep- resentative, with the town of Bowdoin. Previous to this date it had elected its own representative. [1843.] At a meeting, held February 6, in accordance with an Act of the legislature to see if the town would consent to the annexation of a part of Bowdoin, agreeably' to a petition of sixty-three of the inhabitants of Bowdoin, the town chose Abel Merrill and Nathaniel AValker a committee to remonstrate against and opi)ose the proposed annexation. At the animal meeting in April, the selectmen were authorized to appoint one or more persons to sell ardent spirits for medicinal and mechanical purposes, and were instructed to prosecute all who were guilty of a violation of the law in regard to such sales. At a meeting held in September following, the selectmen were instructed to petition the legislature for a separate representation of the town. [184G.] The following by-law was adopted by the town in 1846 : " Any person sliding in the streets or highway in the town of Tops- ham, within three fourths of a mile from the Androscoggin toll-bridge, upon a sled, board, or an}' other vehicle or thing ; or who shall skate in said streets or highways, as aforesaid ; or shall knock, throw, or play at ball, in said streets or highways, as aforesaid ; or be accessory thereto ; shall be punished b}- a fine not exceeding five dollars for each and every offence so committed, together with costs, to be recovered on a complaint before a justice of the peace. [1847.] In 1847 the town voted in favor of amendments to the Constitution providing that State officers should be elected b}^ a plu- rality instead of a majorit}' vote, and also in regard to the State loan- ing its credit. [1850.] At a meeting held September 9, the town voted against an amendment to the Constitution providing for a change of the meet- ing of the legislature from May to January. MUNICIPAL HISTORY OF TOPSTIAM. 203 [1853.] At a special town meeting, held February 28, 18y3, the rei^resentative was instructed to use his greatest exertions to prevent any change in the territory' of the count}' of Lincoln, and the senator from the district was requested to co-operate with him. At the annual meeting the article in the warrant, to see if the town would choose an agent to sell liquors for medicinal and mechanical purposes, was dismissed. Tliis was, of course, a total prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors for an}' purpose. [18,'>4.] In October, 18.54, the town was called upon to express b}' vote its preference of a town to be the shire town of the new count}' of Sagadahoc, which was incorporated on the fourth day of April pre- vious. The vote stood : In favor of Topsham for shire town, one hundred and fifty-one. Of Bath, five. [185.5.] The town voted, in 1855, almost imanimously, against amendments to the Constitution of the State which provided that judges of probate, registers of probate, sheriffs, and municipal and police judges should be chosen by the people ; and also providing that the land agent, attorney general, and adjutant general should be chosen by the legislature. The representative was chosen this year from the town of Lisbon, Topsham and Lisbon being classed together. [1858.] In June, 1858, the town voted unanimously in favor of a Prohibitory Liquor Law. [1859.] At the annual meeting in 1859, the selectmen were author- ized to hire out to suitable persons such town paupers as might be able to perform labor, and also to bind out the cliildren of such per- sons to suitable individuals, who should be required to give bonds for the faithful discharge of their trust. They were also authorized to l)rovide a suitable building or buildings, in which to take care of the aged and of all others unable to do anything for their own support, and to employ some judicious person to take care of them under the general supervision of the overseers of the poor. At a meeting held in June the town voted to exempt from taxation for ten years all capital which might be invested in manufactures in the town. The town also voted, at this meeting, against "an Act to aid the Aroostook Railroad Company, increase the value and pro- mote the sale and settlement of the public lands." [I860.] The town concluded in 1860 to make a different provi- sion for its poor, and accordingly, at the annual meeting, it was voted tliat the selectmen and overseers of the poor be authorized to pur- chase a farm and to stock the same by hiring or purchasing stock, as 204 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HA EPS WELL. they deonied most expedient. The town's poor were to be kept npon the liirm and a superintendent was to be chosen who should be under the direction and control of the overseers. The selectmen were also authorized to hire money for tlie purchase of the farm, and to give notes payable in ten years in equal annual instalments. The sum of 82, "200 was raised this year for the support of the poor, and Sl.2r)0 for schools. [1861.] At tlie annual meeting in 18Gl,the town expressed its choice of the candidates for the office of Postmaster, and Robert P. Whitney received a majority of the votes. This was an unusual, but at the same time eminently fitting way of securing the appointment of an efficient and honest officer. 'I his year, Topsham and "West Bath were classed together for representation. [18G3.] The town-house being in need of repairs, it was voted this year that the selectmen should ascertain what terms could be made with the Sagadahoc Agricultural Society, for the use of their hall for future town meetings. The next year, 18G4, the town obtained the privilege of using the Agricultural Hall and authorized the sale of the town-house. [18()r).] This year the town voted to dispense with a liquor agencj^ [1807.] At the September election in 1867, the town voted in favor of authorizing the county commissioners to effect a loan of $2."). 000 to complete the county court house at Bath. [1868.] In 1868 an appropriation of six hundred dollars was voted for the purchase of a new hearse. The nuinicii)al acts of this town, in reference to the enlistment of volunteers and the support of their families, as well as to all other matters not already given, will be found in their appropriate connec- tion in other ehaptei'S. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 205 CHAPTER V. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. At the time of the earliest occupation of these towns, the settlers lived far apart, and daj-s, perhaps even weeks, must often have elapsed without a family seeing any of its neighbors. The}' had few, if an}', roads, except the Indian trails, and almost invarial)ly, there- fore, settled upon or near some stream which might serve to them as a highwa}'. This accounts for the fact that the houses of the earl}' set- tlers fronted the water. EARLY CONDITION AND CIRCUMSTANCES. The earh' settlers of Topshara were nearly all F^nglish and partook of the national characteristics. Those in the vicinit}' of the New Meadows River were principall}^ from Cape Cod. Those between New Meadows and Maquoit, who constituted a majorit}' of the inhabi- tants of Bnmswick, were Irish. They were usually called " wild Irish" by the native New-Englanders.^ It is said of these earh' set- tlers that "the}' used to peek out through a crack or partly opened door, to see whether their callers were friends or foes, and that the same habit of peeking out through a half-open door to see whom their callers may be, is noticed to this day in their descendants." These settlers were nearly all poor, and often suffered for the necessaries of life. They had to work hard for their living, and dress in the plain- est manner. Those, however, who came into this vicinity later, some- where about 1750, were in better circumstances, and the appearance of their rich and fashionable apparel, especially the hoop in the dresses of the ladies, whenever they went to church or showed themselves abroad, drew forth the gaze and wonder of the earlier and more rustic settlers. 2 The later settlers, and a few of the earlier ones, were sufficiently well off to be able to own slaves. The act of holding fellow-creatures, white or black, in involuntary bondage, was not, at that time, consid- ^Pejepscot Papers. ^McKeen, MSS. Lecture. 20 G HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPS WELL. ered to be wrong. Andrew Dunning, who came to Brunswick in 1717 and who died in 1735, kept slaves during his life, and his family con- tinued to own them for some time after his decease. Captain Benja- min Stone, who kept a tavern in Fort George in 1 767, and subsequently', had a slave named Sarah Mingo as his house-servant. After she obtained her freedom she kept house for Timothy Weymouth, near where the Congregational Church now stands. Judge Minot also owned slaves. Brigadier Thompson had a negro servant named Hail- up. It is uncertain, however, that she was a slave. As late as 1765 there are said to have been four slaves in Brunswick and no less than fourteen in Harpswell. Captain Nehemiah Curtis owned two or three, one of whom Avas a female. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. Nothing is known concerning the social relations of the ver}' early settlers. During the period embraced b}- the Indian wars, the charac- ter of the people differed materially from what it afterwards was. Instead of gayety and dissipation, a melancholy spirit prevailed. Almost the only topic of conversation with the people w^as in regard to their troubles with the Indians and the individual difficulties of their situation. Their chief relaxation consisted in singing psalms and dog- gerel rhymes. The only news that reached them was of cruel mur- ders, b}' the savages, of their friends and acquaintance, or else of the wonderful escapes and marvellous exploits of the latter. Some of these accounts of personal adventure with the Indians have come down to us and will be noticed. Even when there was no open war with the Indians, the latter would mingle with the inhabitxints and were apt to take offence, and revenge themselves by committing indis- criminate depredations. It cannot be denied that oftentimes the set- tlers wei'e to blame, and that there were many among them who had the same deadly hostilit}' against the savage that they had against a venomous reptile. The only time the}' could attend to their business without fear of molestation was in the winter, when the Indians usually retired to the interior. At these times they employed them- selves in getting lumber to the landings, ready to be sent to Boston and other markets as soon as the spring opened. In summer they cultivated their fields, but alwaj's with their guns within eas}' reach. In times of peace the Indians were in the habit of trading with the settlers. It is narrated that on one occasion one of the Indians, feel- ing in a merry mood and ready for si)ort, challenged old Lieutenant AVoodsidc to run a race with him, and laid down upon the door-stone GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 207 of the fort six beaver-skins as a wager. The Indian evidently' expected, from Mr. "Woodside's corpulenc}', that he would decline the challenge. The Lieutenant, however, contrary' to the Indian's expec- tation, accepted it. The race was to commence at the brook under the hill, and the one who could get the skins first was to have them. At the commencement of the race the old man feigned himself rather more clums}' than he really was. 'J he Indian found he could keep up witli him at his leisure, and was quite amused at the clumsy run- ning of so fat a man, and continued indulging in violent fits of laugh- ing until at last the old gentleman began to wax warmer, to Ijecome more eai-nest, and to extend his steps, lie thus obtained the advance and took the beavers, while the Indian was exhausted with laughing and running. This Mr. AVoodside was a remarkabl}- stout, athletic man, who could face danger, endure fatigue, and accomplish nuich.^ During this period old Mr. Joseph Foster, of Topshani, had a large dog that he had trained to attack an Indian whenever he met one. One day, during the French and Indian War, the women and children were sent for safety to the block-house, near where the late Lithgow Hunter afterwards livetl. One afternoon while they were there, some of the children wanted to go to the river-side Ijerrying. As no Indians were known to be about at that time, permission was given them to go, but the dog was sent with them for safety. While the children, laughing and chatting, were picking berries, the big dog suddenly became excited, and getting between a pile of brush and the children, bristled up and began to growl and display his teeth as if there were mischief lurking in the brush-heap. Mrs. Foster was nearest to the brush-i)ile, and having her attention called to it by the unwonted fierceness of the dog, saw an Indian there. She screamed, and the alarm being given all the children ran up the hill toward the block- house, the dog protecting the rear all the way. Several years after the war this same Indian was in the vicinity, and referred to the inci- dent by saying that had it not been for the big dog he would have " made a great haul of pappoose." ^ '^ The late David Alexander's father was remarkable when a ^outh for his agility and uncommon strength. In muscular vigor he far exceeded an}' of the lads in town who were anywhere near his own age. One day he and another boy b}' the name of Thorn were on the hill near the riveyViad opposite where Mr. David Work now (1875) lii^s.'^iSuddenly a couple of stout Indians pounced upon them, 1 Pejepscot Papers. 2 Dr. James McKeen's Notes. 208 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. each Indian singling out one of the bo^'s. Their object was to run the lads otf into the woods, where they would be comparativel}' safe from pursuit. The stout resistance, however, made hy young Alex- ander, although a mere boy, made the Indian feel as if he had more than his hands full. At every step he encountered a resolute resist- ance, and although a powerful Indian he was making slow progress. The boj's' outcries at length attracted the attention of the settlers up and down the river, and his father being first to comprehend the true state of things outstripped all others in going to the relief of his son, guided parti}' b}' the voice of the lad and partly by the zigzag trail of the furrowed earth which was a conspicuous mark and was made by the boy's stubborn obstinac}^ and resistance. The father at length came in full sight of his son and was hastening to his rescue when the Indian, letting go the lad, fired, killing Mr. Alexander, who fell instantly dead. The son, the moment he saw his father fall, ran. and the Indian, fearing pursuit, desisted from attempting his recapture. The inhabitants of the neighborhood having provided themselves with guns, and guided by the Alexander boy. started off in pursuit. They found Mr. Alexander dead, j Pursuing farther they came to the apparently lifeless body of the lad Thorn. His comparatively feeble resistance had enabled the Indian to carry him off to a greater dis- tance, but hearing the gun and apprised by the Indian who had just shot Mr. Alexander that they were in danger of being captured them- selves, the}^ knocked the boy in the head and scalped him. The boy was found still alive and eventuall}^ recovered. It is said that he afterwards died at Farmington from a curious accident. Coming in one da}' to dinner and the meal not being ready, he sat down in a chair near the wooden ceiling (there were no lathed and plastered rooms then) and tipping his chair back leaned against the partition just under where a hog's head (what was called a ' minister's face ') was suspended by a nail in the ceiling. The jar broke the string, and the hog's head fell, the nose, it is said, hitting the unfortunate man on the very spot where he had been scalped in his boyhood. The con- cussion caused his instant death.' ^ " Not far from this time (time of IMofRtt's death, — 1747) four men were killed, all at one time, a few rods from the old Flagg house, just beyond Joseph Foster's. One of these was a friendly Indian, the other three were white settlers. They were going to look at a field of coi n to see if it had been molested. The bodies were all found near together. ^Dr. James McKeen's Notes. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. Upon the day of the funeral of these men it was reported th Indians intended lying in wall>4br the funeral procession, and and scalping or making prisoners of them all. In consequenc bodies were not buried in the ground northwest of Joseph Fostt the old graveyard in the woods, but were carried up b}- water to Point, and buried there. The bodies were none of them mut except that of the friendly Indian, which was hacked all to piece Duiing this period of anxious care and oft-renewed stnft tradesmen and their families nsed to live a good portion of lb i ■) in the fort or garrisons. Invalids, especially-, often made then dence there. The early settlers were men accustomed to track the pathless f -;. > and often to spend their nights with nothing over them save tin tering canopy of the heavens. They were fond of hunting, and . ranged over large tracts of land in pursuit of game. In this ^ they became acquainted with localities quite a distance off. Thomas Wilson was a famous hunter. On one occasion he party, consisting of Stephen Titcomb, Robert Gower, James H !v Robert Alexander, and James McDonnell, all of Topsham, thi the wilderness to the place now called Farmington, the territo which they thoroughly explored. Some of them afterwards Sf-Mf. there. '-^ John Dnnlap, son of Reverend Robert Dnnlap, was a nott' hunter. The following narrative, written by him, illustrates the 'I-'! gers and sufferings to which these early settlers were exposed : — " When a young man at the age of 18 years my father lost his cow. He lived near the old meeting-house, and I found her de; ■ \, Mair Brook. So dependent was the family on this useful dom iS that the loss seemed almost irreparable. So great was the distre- .. c the family that I resolved with myself, that if industry and perse - ance would effect anything, I would never be poor. This resoli'.' remained by me and was continually urging me on to exertion. 1 ■ my father and served some time as a soldier in Fort George, soon found that this compensation but ill comported with my res . tion, — but little was left after contributing to the absolute necess ' e of my father's family. I immediately concluded upon some o'l business. This town was then in its infancj', and nothing that c< '; satisfy my ambition and desire of wealth presented itself, and I « eluded to try my chance in hunting in the wild wilderness. I acc< ingly took my gun and made several excursions in pursuit of bea ( • iDr. McKeen's Notes. 2 History of Farmington, p. 9. 11 210 HISTORY OF BliVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. I was siicecssfiil, and found that if the business was well followed that there would be a good prospect of making mone}'. I accordingly extendeil my range further into the wilderness, and the further I went the more was I encouraged. It was a very hazardous undertaking. I was exposed QXGxy night to the wolves which were contiuualh' prowl- ing around inc, and nothing but my fire, which tliev feared, deterred them from encountering me. While I kept a brisk lire I feared no liarm. 1 have been several times to the heads of the Kennebeck and Penobscot. I used to go in the month of March, sometimes the last of Fel)ruar3', and would be gone about forty days, M}" return home was always the most fatiguing, from carrying an immense pack of about two hundred iH)unds. The beaver-skins I took in one of these excursions usu:illy turned me about two hundred dollars. Sometimes when I returned home, I was so altered that the family did not know me. I once lost my hat imnr.Hliately after I left home, and the effect of the wind and weather, and having a long beard, not having shaved while gone, gave me really a frightful appearance. "The most eventful tour I ever took was with one Robert Spear. "We left this town together, determiued on a cruise to the I'enobscot, and to its rise. It was in the month of March, and the ground was covered with deep snow. We took with us each a gun, amnninition, four ounces of salt, and of bread what was equal to a dozen biscuit, and each a pair of snow-shoes. AVe commenced travel, and made the best of our way to the Kennebeck and Penobscot. We passed some rivers and many small streams which were frozen over. On our arrival at the I'enobscot, we divided. Mr. Spear took the north side of a pole stuck up in the middle of the river in the snow arrcs attention. I at once concluded it must be placed there 1' human being, and thought I would go and see if there w< tracks. I repaired immediateh- to it, and on it found a piece ( bark with writing upon it, to inform me that Spear was sick c on the bank of the river. It is impossible to describe my feeli _ how long it had been there, whether he was dead or alive, — sand conjectures passed over my mind. I concluded to seai- immediatel}' fired my gun, which was in about a minute answe followed the direction of the report, and in a few minutes foui Spear lying under a log with some bark laid upon it, which a him but a scanty shelter. He was suffering from an acute rh( fever. He seemed overjoyed at my appearance. What to do I was at a stand. For this complaint, and indeed for an}-, nothing to administer; I built a camp, built him a good fir' . jv stayed by him, doing ever^-thing for him I could. Necessil. . tl mother of invention, suggested one application after another 1^: pains were extreme, and his spirits almost exhausted. I at.J.Mi;'' concluded to dig awa}" some snow, get some good turf, greei! '<•, could find it, heated b}- the fire, and appl}' it to the part of the b^ i most aflfected with pain, 'ihis proved a luck}' expedient, he .u- better, and after a while he was able to start for Fort Halifax, after a tedious travel, we arrived. I left him and came home, followed in about a month." ^ These early settlers were not only accustomed to the chas( means of obtaining a livelihood, but were also obliged to draw of their subsistence from the water. Fishing was with them a sity as well as a means of amusement. The catching of stni shad, and salmon was the constant occupation of many, wl served as a means of relaxation from their ordinary' avocations . few. Captain David Dunning probably belonged to this latter •••>='■ Salmon were formerly caught in dip-nets at the foot of Fishing K' Island, or Shad Island, 'as it is now called, and also in set n( ' Middle Rock, or the rock upon which the pier of the bridge These set nets had corks attached to them, so that the atte Pejepscot Papers. '212 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AXD IIARPSWELL. oouKl toll l>.v tlio sinking ol" the corks when a salmon was caught. One (.la\ a uKin was sitting on Middle Kock watching his net, while Captain Dunning was catching sahncni at the falls above with a dip- net. The man on tlic rock observing the corks on his net to sink in the water, drew in the net, and with it tlrew in Dniuiing. still alive. It appears that the latter, in reaching over to dip up a salmon, had shpped, ami falling into the river had tloated down until he caught in ihe not. Two other versions o\' this stt>iv are given. In one account he is represented as having t'allen into the water from a ladder and being caught in his own net. In another, the accident is given as fust narrated, but Captain Dunning is representeil as drawing himself out of the water b\ the aid of the net.' Going to meeting was, in the last eentmy, an event of considerable interest. Meeting-houses were well tilleil and in some cases it was thought neeessarv to shore them up. All went to the same meeting. Ministers appeared with their large white wigs and eonnuantled more awe than just respect. Xearly every one walked to meeting, and in some instances women would walk four or live miles and carry a child. Some of those who lived at a ilistance from the meeting-house owned a horse, a saddle, and a pillion, which would accommodate a man, his wife, and one child, and often two children. In the summer boys and gills both went barefooted. When Avithir b.gnt of the meeting- house, the girls would step into the bushes at the side of the road and put on their stockings and shoes, which they carried with them. The boys, however, usually went barefooted into the meeting-house. All the people carried their dinners with them, and in snuuner ate them in the woods near by. In the winter the meeting-house was their din- ing-room. The men usually resorted to the neighboring inn for their luncheon and grog. In the winter season many carried foot-stoves witli them. There were separate seats in the meeting-house provided for colored people, and they were never allowed to sit in the same pew with white people. It is said that Deacon Dunning had a negro lad for a servant of whom he was very fond, and whom he always took to meeting with him. As the boy at tirst was too young to sit in the seats provideil for persons of his race, and as it would not do to allow him to sit in the deacon's pew. he had to take his seat on the tloor of the aisle beside the pew. • 8ermous were lengthy in those days, which often made it necessary for the parson, alYer a pause, to exclaim, '• Wake up, my hearers! " ^ Field Book o/t/w curvet/ o/ BakcrMoicn, in Pejcpscot Papers. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. Parson Millf;r was, however, relioved from this task at length Mr. G. CoornbH. who, with repeated raps with his rattan on tl of his pew, would make the meeting-house ring. At the east hj house, Deacon Snow, who wore a white wig, sat under or in J the pulpit, and "lined out" the hvmn, so that ever}' man | might have an opportunity to sing. 'I'his was the common pr:i( One of the established institutions of those times was the b' tithin^-m;n. It was their dutv to ]>reserve order during n services, and Ui enforce the observance of the Sabbath. Tin remarkable of all the men who ever filled this office was Mr. f Graves. He was born ami attained his majority in Topshiii possessed a strong, muscular frame, and was quite tall. lb large, strongly marked face. As far as his knowledge extend reasoning powers vfitm good, and he could express his thougli conciseness anrl energ}'. He was a tithing-man for many In the old first meeting-house in 'J'opsham, his pew was near t side door. It was a wall pew with a large window. From b lie could look the minister in the face, or turning around. : inducements to his fair lady-love to wed him. Mr. James Ci"; ' 1830 wrote in his journal th^t fifty ^-ears previously (1780), . he was twelve years of age, " there was not a wheel carriage iio^ ■ a sleigh in Brunswick." There is, however, no question that Judge Minot owned on vious to that time, but as Curtis lived at New Meadows, ai judge at Mair Point, the former may never have seen it. Abcui year 1790, Captain William Stanwood, Captain John Dunlap Benjamin Stone each owned a chaise. ~ These chaises are des as clumsy, lumbersome vehicles, without springs and very heavy The first balanced two-wheel chaise in Brunswick is said to ; been owned bv William Alexander. . Professor Cleaveland once t 216 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPS WELL. this cliaise to journey in to Boston, having first measured it and tested its strength in order to be assured that it was a safe vehicle. WagO"s were not introduced until about the 3'ear 1816 or 1817, and there hall been but two or three carts, in Brunswick at least, previous to that date. The late Captain Peter Jordan, who lived at New- Meadows, stated that he had the first w^agon at the eastern part of Brunswick. He said that at the time of his purchase it was considered a great luxur}-, but that it was in reality little better than a cart. It was very heavy and was clumsily built, and as the body rested directly upon the axles, without the intervention of springs of any kind, the rider was apt to be jolted about not a little. During the early part of the Revolutionary War, nails were so high that many used wooden pegs for shingling, boarding, and flooring their houses. ^ At this time such luxuries as carpets were unheard of here The first one ever made in Topsham (for they were all home- made at first) wa's made in 1799, by Miss Margaret Rogers (the late Mrs. ISathaniel Green). This carpet was made of small squares of cloth about ten inches in diameter. These squares were alternately light ar Jl dark colored, and each one had some figure upon it, either an oak-.eaf, a heart, or two hearts joined. A light-colored figure was iJways imt on a dark square and vice versa. In 1800, at the time when tlie death of Washington was commemorated at the old meet- ing-house in Topsham, this carpet was borrowed to cover the rough platform which was built up in front of the pulpit, and upon which were seated the poet of the occasion and the dignitaries of the day. There was one other carpet in town at this time, belonging to the wife of Doctor Porter, but as it was fastened to the floor she objected to having ic taken up.^ Weddings in those days were so similar to each other and differed so litt e from the present fashion, except in the amount of display* attendmg and the sports following them,* that it seems unnecessary to go into details concerning them. Three occurrences of this kind, however, were so peculiar as to demand special mention here. The first occurred in 1783 or 1785, and the facts have been deposed to under oath. Mr. William AYalker, of Falmouth, and Miss Sybil Staples, of Topsham, had long been affianced and were anxious to be married. The day was fixed upon, and Reverend John Miller, of Brunswick, was requested to officiate. The wedding was to take ^ McKeen. MSS. Lectures; also James Curtis' s Journal. ^ Diary of the late Dr. James 3IcKeen. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. place in Topsham, either at the residence of the bride's parent- the meeting-house. "The course of true love ne'er runs sn There was no bridge across the river at this time and a sud !< unusual freshet prevented all crossing at the ferry, so that M. . was unable to keep his appointment. The bride and groom, mined not to dela}', were equal to the emergenc}'. By some communication was established with Mr. Miller. The bridal took their place on the Topsham side at the ferry-landing, the bridegroom and bride had joined hands, Mr. Miller, on the O] ■ shore, lifted up his voice, and in a speech heard distinctly acr river, pronounced the twain to be one flesh. ^ The following marriage certificate was copied verbatim fi* original, now in the possession of Mr. J. L. Douglas, of Bat shows the ancient form of marriage of the Friends, which ha slightly modified, and is in use b}^ this society at the present ti".i< " Whereas, Cornalas Duglas of Harpswell, in the County oi, ( ; berland, son of Elijah Duglas and Phebe his wife, and Ann; ■ Daughter of Edward Estes and Patience his wife, both of th( :•'' sd town And Count}- and Provence of the Massachusetts V newengland, having declared their intentions of taking Eich ( marige, before two publick meeting of the people Called quali Harpswell and falmouth, acording to Good order used amongst and Procedeing thirein after Delibaratc Consideration, they aL; earing Clear of all others. And haveing Concent of parents and Re tives Concerned, ware appro A'ed by sd meeting. Now these csrtif}' all whome it ma}' concern, that for accompleshing tl Intentions, this 10th day of the 11th month called november. .ip domi seventeen hundred and sixt}' seven, they the sd Ct '■!; Duglas and Ann Estes, appeared in a publick assembl}- of the, > said people, And others met together att their publick meeting i att Harpswell, aforesaid. And he, the said Cornalas Dugla; solom maner, takeing the said Ann Estes hy the Hand, Did ' Declared as follows : friends, I Desire j'ou to be m}' witnesses, take this friend, Ann Estis, to be my wife, promising throuc Lord's assistance, to be unto Her a true and Loveing Husband >: it Shall pleas the Lord hy Death to sepperate us. And then anc in the said assembley, the said ann Estis did in like manner Decl foUoweth : friends, I Desire you to be my witnesses, that I tak friend, Cornelas Duglas, to be my Husband, promasing throuj. i. 1 Pejepscot Papers. 218 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. Lord's assistance, to be unto liim A triio and Loveing wife, until' it Shall pleas the Lord by Death to sepperatc us. And as a further con- formation theirof, the said Cornelas Duglas and ann Estis did then and their, by these I'resents, set their hands, she according to Cus- tom, assuming the name of her Husband, " Cornelas Duglas. Ann Duglas. " And w. , whose names are bearunto Subscribed, being present at the Solomn'zing of Said marrige and Subcribtion in manner afore- said, as witnesses, have allso to these Presents Subscribed our names, the Daye and year above writen. " Joshua Babb, Elijah Duglas, Natha-tiel Pinkham, Patience Estes, liOGEl, TOOTHAKER, LEMUEL JONES, oideon toothaker, john barker, Than'iful Jones, John Barker, Jr., Sakah Pinkham, Elizabeth Duglas, Plkanor IIais, Wait Jonks, J-ARY Uais, Sarah Estes, ^iKTY WEBER, ElENOR ESTES, Ab.,gail Rodex, Marcy Jones, CATHRiNE Pinkham, Rachel Jones, Sarah Pinkham." The other wedding to which reference was made is remarkable only for the roincidence of the relationship. On September 28, 1825, in the Friends' Meeting-IIouse, in Durham, Elijah and Reuben Cole, of China, tn-in brothers, were married to Elizabeth and Mary Jones, daughters of Edward Jones, of Brunswick, and twin sisters. In the last centuiy all, both men and women, except the few more wealthy ones, wore home-made garments. The men wore cloth of a light blue color, not fulled. Some few of the older men wore knee-breeches. Shoe-buckles were generally worn, and many of the men and even boys wore their hair long and done up in a queue behind. Mr. Dean Swift, when a bo}' of ten, had a queue six or eight inches long. James Curtis writes in his journal that in 1780 " not one man in ten had a pair of boots. Parson Miller attended meeting at the east meeting- house with a good pair of blue buskins hauled up over his breeches knees." '1 he dress of the ladies was as changeable, if not as complicated, as at the present da}'. The skirt of a lady's dress was composed of but two breadths, one in front, and one behind, with a small gore on each GENERAL AND SOCIAL. side. Skirts were ver}- short, except for part}- dresses, which h;i hind breadth made into a long train for the house. This train a when preparing for the street, would pin up to her waist. The ^ were made very short and full, such as we now call hahy waists. sleeves were short, and there was a broad band went ore shoulders. The neck was covered with a white muslin neckti which was fitted to the neck and shoulders, and came down umli band of the waist. The arms were covered with long whi* • ki< which came nearly to the elbow. The hair was arrano-ed in vi modes, but the favorite wa}^ was to comb it all on top of the head .';. confine it with a large high-top comb ; some would puff and roll ' hair, but in every case powder was considered indispensable, said that one Patience Wallace, a A'oung girl living on Small l' was going to a party one night, and having no powder, fl ir, or to dust her hair with, she took some unslacked lime. 'Duriii evening she danced, and as she got heated the perspiration si.. the lime, which entirely destroyed the hair. She never thereaft( any haii", but had to wear a man's cap on her head, both in doo) out.i Mr. Curtis also wrote in the journal referred to that "in days, women would collect in groups for the purpose of braiding * vo< it being a hard, laborious work. When at length a carding-mi'i . machine was heard of, it was hailed with an enthusiastic welcome, ; • must have been as great a relief to the women as when, at an c.ti . date, water-power was applied to grain-mills, before which ti would take two women to grind or turn a corn-mill. Cotton was three shillings per pound, and such was the labor of carding, spii weaving, etc., that cotton and linen cloth was worth fifty ct yard, and a man must work half a month in the best of the seas a pair of shirts made of this coarse cloth." About 1780 " the w fulling-mill was in North Yarmouth, and the cloth was ordinary, one knew or thought that the qualit}' of wool could be improved. " Houses were built for convenience and not for show, and ceiiw were just high enough to clear a tall man's hat. Chimue3S were erally topped out above the ridge-pole. Fireplaces were from to nine feet between the jambs, and more than a proportionable i which would receive a log which it took two men to handle. ] family was provided, however, with a good strong hand-sled, on to remove the logs to the fireside, which was done with conven i This description was given by a Mrs. Price, aged ninety-two years. 220 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. as the Sills of houses were laid close to the surface of the earth. In 1780 not one house in ten in Brunswick had a crane in the chimney, being supplied with long trammels and what was called a lug-pole, a stick -'cross the chimney about four feet up, and there were more than six wooden mantel-trees to an iron one. "In 1780 there were not more than two or three painted houses in Brunswick. " Bears were frequently seen. The hideous cry of the wolf was commonly- heard from our forests, and their ravages were not infre- qu( nt. Every family kept a large dog, some two, but commonl}' a large rnd a small one, which did not fail to annoy every traveller that passea with their yelping. This practice of keeping dogs was proba- bly th'i result of the great utility of that animal in the French and Indiar war. " Ev'f ry Sony old woman was deputed a witch, and spirits were freqae.it V seen, and much feared, children having been brought up to hear su i stories as an evening amusement, terrifying as they were, which b id a lasting and pernicious effect." A great many superstitious beliefs ,verc rife at this time, among which was one that toothache could be cured b}' cutting off one's finger and toe nails, and a lock of ne's hair, and placing them in a hole bored in a tree with an auger. About the year 1850 a tree was cut on Oak Hill in Topsham, and was sawed at one of the mills. Near the centre of the log was found a lock of hair, and as Artemus Ward would have said, " a large and well-se ?cted assortment" of the corneous extremities of the fingers and toes, doubtless placed there many 3'ears previousl}' b}" a believer in thi? remedy for the toothache. It is also stated in Curtis's Journal that "farming was done in a st^de ery different from the present. A tolerable crop of corn was obtaired by a shovelful of manure in the hill, but it must be hilled or bankec up to a great height. The following crop was generally r3'e, flax, r barley. The land was then, not stocked down, but left to prodi ce hay, and to be seeded by Providence or chance. "Calves were snatched from the cows at eight or ten weeks old, without any previous care to introduce a substitute for milk, and turned out to hay or grass, to rend the air with their cries till starva- tion should teach them the use of such coarse food, and which they would not fail to learn before flesh and strength were quite exhausted. Probably, however, not more than three out of four got up ' May Ilill,' as it was then called. "Potatoes were raised at a great expense. The ground being GENERAL AND SOCIAL. broken up, but not harrowed, a large hole was made by cutting , piece of the sod the whole depth of the ploughing. Into the b-. of this hole was thrown a shovelful of dung, if so much cou i spared, then a scant}- portion of seed, which lay far below the si = " c. of the ground, over which was made an enormous hill which '• receive considerable addition at hoeing. In this wa}-, with doub • necessary labor, something like half a crop was obtained. A • ciency was, however, generally raised. As it was not knowi- potatoes would save the lives of calves in the spring, or be c ' use to pigs after wintering, any surplus was frequently lost. " Hogs were generally kept over two winters, and at two and , years old would commonly weigh over two hundred, but would s, go as high as three hundred. " Scarce a bushel of wheat was raised and bolting:-mills we> i known." ^ Oil lamps and even tallow candles were for man}* 3-ears uiik >< It is related that when Reverend Jonathan EUis came to Top', a,., late as 1788), he spent his first night at Esquire Merrill's _ ' retiring for the night, Mrs. Merrill lighted a pitch-pine knot fV)' . and showed him to his room up stairs. Finding no other place his light, Mr. Ellis stood it up in the fireplace and in a few m ' ■ the chimney was all ablaze. The manner of cooking at that time was not very different fror;i i of to-day, though it differed in some respects. One of the piin dishes was rather peculiar. It consisted of a piece of fresh beef ^ with hulled corn and beans added. Every family had bakea - and brown bread on Sunday morning and noon. The rj^e and -.u corn bread was generally made in great troughs and then ba iron kettles in a brick oven. From a half-dozen to a dozen were usually made at one time. Doughnuts, instead of being with molasses, were sweetened with maple sugar, which w?s . abundant in those days. All kinds of liquors were freely drank, though West Indu^ . was the most generall}^ used. Various kinds of fancy drinks " also made, prominent among which was a winter beverage (;■ flip. It was made of spruce beer, rum, sugar, and water, all taverns it was customar}' to keep two iron rods, called pc . heated in the coals. When flip was called for, the beer won J drawn, into which would be plunged a red-hot poker. The ' This Journal is in the Library of ihe Maine Historical Society. 222 insTOBT OF Brunswick, top sham, and habpswell. sugar, and water would then be added. Half a pint of rum to a quart of beer was considered to be the right proportion. This beverage was deemed delicious by all who indulged in it. Punch was the summer beverage. It was made in about the same man- ner as it is at present in those places where its use is indulged in, — of rum, sugar, and water, flavored with the juice of a lemon. Some of the citizens were too fond of these beverages for their own welfare. There was one such man named Andrews, who was ver^' fond of making rh3mes and equall3' fond of his punch or flip. One day a load of goods was brought from Maquoit to Bruns- wick village, and Andrews volunteered to assist in unloading. While doing so, a barrel of rum fell out of the cart, and striking his leg, fractured it. He was taken into a store and a surgeon sent for. His ruling passions displaj'ed themselves even in his agony, for while waiting for the doctor he composed the following rhj-me : — " By a sudden stroke my leg is broke, My heart is sore ofTeuded ; The doctor 's come — let 's have some rum, And then we'll have it meuded." Some of the customs of these times were so discreditable to the towns that it is with reluctance that any mention is made of them. Of this character were the quarrels between the students of the col- lege and the rowdies of Brunswick, who were designated " Yaggers." T' ^ latter were almost invarial^ly the aggressors. At times it was necessary for students, if alone, to go armed. There was an equal disaffection between the "Yaggers" and the rowdies of Topsham, and this fact was often a matter for rejoicing to the student. It is pleasant to know that a better feeling now prevails, and that such quarrels are events of the past. The^' would never have occurred had a proper police force been sustained, and the laws been enforced. AMUSEMENTS. In the earliest period of the settlement of these towns, but little real amusement was known to the citizens. Near the close of the last century, however, balls and parties, huskings and apple-bees, came in vogue, and served to enliven the otherwise monotonous life of the people. From the number of dancing-schbols which have been kept in Brunswick and Topsham, it is reasonable to suppose that the citi- zens of these towns were fond of this method of relaxation from care, and that their dancing parties were well attended. The earliest dan- GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 223 cing-sehool kept in either town is believed to have been the one taught by a Mr. Allen, in 1799, in the Godfrey House, in Topsham. The amusements of the college students -at a somewhat later date were generally confined to themselves, and were apt to give occasion to other feelings than those of merriment on the part of the citizens. Students' pranks have been altogether too numei'ous to admit even of their enumeration in this connection ; nevertheless, the following is introduced, not ov\y as being one of the earliest occurrences of the kind, but as affording a fair sample of all. Such tricks, if they did not afford amusement to those of the inhabitants immediateh' affected by them, yet served as good topics for general conversation for quite a while. The following anecdote is given in the words of another, himself a student and xery likely an eye-witness, we dare not sa}' a par- ticipant. " A countrj'man bound to Portland with a twohorse team, laden with butter in firkins, beans in bags, and three dead hogs (for it was cold weather, being the first of the spring term), drove up to the tavern that stood near the college, and put up for the night. In the morning when he got up, his cart and load were gone. Search was made in all directions. They followed the wheel-tracks to the col- lege, and there lost them. About the middle of the forenoon some one espied the vehicle on the roof of North College, the wheels astride the ridge-pole, laden ready to hitch on to. Who put it there and how they effected it was a mystery' ; Init it was a deal of work for a good many hands to get it down by taking the cart to pieces." ^ Of public amusements, such as caravans and circuses, theatrical performances, concerts, lectures, etc., the number is so great as to admit of but limited notice. Mr. Dean Swift sa^^s that the first public exhibition in Brunswick or vicinity was given in the year 1798. One McGinness, an English- man, gave a Punch and Jud}' show in the northeast chamber of the dwelling-house on Maine Street, now owned and occupied by Mrs. Rodney Forsaith. The exhibition was well attended, everybody was satisfied, and Mr. Swift says it was really quite a good show. According to the same authorit}', the first caravan was exhibited here about the year 1818 on the lot now owned' by the town, back of the Post-Office. This was followed, in the year 1825, by one which exhib- ited on the same lot. In 1829 a caravan, owned by Macomber & Co., exhibited near the Tontine Hotel. In 1836 there was a combined 1 Kellogg, Sophomores of Raddiffe. HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. iv ...•■gerie and circus. In 1843 Raymond & Co. gave their zoological \:i:.''>!tion, and in 1845 Rockwell & Stone's New York Circus was :—■ vtted near the Univcrsalist Church, on Federal Street. Since ' time entertainments of this kind have been of more frequent • irencc; ,'. 1824 a ^Ir. Taylor gave an exhibition of ventriloquism at Stod- ■ .1 Hall. Tlie first tlieatrical performance was that given in 1828, e week, at Nichols Hall, by a company of comedians from the . ont Theatre, Boston. The entertainment the first evening con- • of Tobias's comedy of "The Honeymoon" and the farce of Young Widow." The price of achnission was fifty cents. ; -en under twelve years of age were admitted for half price. Ji: J first public concert of vocal music of which we find any record ;:^ f>iven at Richards Hotel, July 28, 1836, by Mr. and Mrs. G. ws and Miss A. Woodward of Boston. It is quite probable, er, that concerts were given at an earlier date b}' the Ha3-dcn V, a musical organization in existence as early as 1825. Of ■ars concerts have been of too frequent occurrence to call for r notice. i...! first instrumental concert was probably that given hy the •• . liwick Brass Band, March 1, 1844. first regatta ever given on the Androscoggin River took place er 12, 1870. There were four races for the championship of V . and for silver goblets. The first race was for six-oared boats, miles ; the second, for wherries pulled by the students, one mile ; ■; lidrd for single shell wherries, two miles; the fourth for double -'I'.M )}oats, two miles. iburlesque May trainings of the students of Bowdoin College ■ •■,:'\ ^ji'operl}' be classed under the head of amusements. The first '.I'vi -ed in 1836, the corapan}' appearing dressed in the most gro- '. costumes, and with arms and equipments of not the most ved patterns. The following year the company again made its (,.; iirance. Tlae cannon of the Brunswick Artillery Companj', to nliout fort}' of them belonged, having been concealed, the com- marched over to Topsham'and took the pieces belonging to the lam Artillery Company. Similar annual trainings by the students V . kept up for many j'ears, the last one occurring in 1855 or 1856. :.t :,jse fantastic processidte, the students generally personified public > or characters of ficlwn. Sometimes, though not often, they ;»! ijji.ed costumes in ridicule of some worthy citizen of the town. .'■ a- frequently they illustrated in a laughable manner some event of GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 225 a local character. The causes which led to the appearance of these fantastic trainings in the first place will be given in the chapter upon the niilitar}' history of the town. In Topsham, public entertainments have not been of frequent occur- rence. The reason for this is obvious : Brunswick, being the larger town and in such close proximity to Topsham, offers the better field for securing a full attendance upon such occasions. Of fairs, levees, school exhibitions, private dramatic entertainments, concerts hy local singers, etc., Topsham has doubtless had her full share. Few travel- ling shows have, however, exhibited there. About 1832 a caravan exhibited on the high land above the present Free- Will Baptist Meeting-House. Much curiosit}' was excited as to the elephants passing over the bridges from Brunswick, fears being enter- tained that they would break through or else refuse to walk over them. About the year 1850 a company of Indians from the State of New York gave an exhibition at the Court House, illustrative of the Indian mode of life, and of warfjxre. It was the first exhibition of the kind in the vicinity, and it attracted a large audience. Harpswell has alwa3's been obliged to content hers?lf with amuse- ments of a purely local character. The location of the town, and the scattered situation of its inhabitants, ofier little inducement to pro- prietors of travelling exhibitions to exhibit there. But what the citizens lose in this way is probably made up by a greater degree of sociability and b^' more varied home amusements. LECTU RES. Public lectures, either gratuitous or otherwise, have been of quite frequent occurrence in these towns, and especially in Brunswick. Mention of orations and lectures delivered upon piiblic occasions will be made under the head of Public Celebrations. The earliest known course of lectures was given bj- a Miss Prescott, in 1825. The subject was " English Grammar," and the tickets were three dollars for a course of forty lectures. In 1826 .John Cleaves 83'mmes, a believer in an interior world, access to which was open to vo^'agers in the southern hemisphere, gave a course of three lectures, which was well attended, and commanded respect anil interest, as Mr. Symmes was not considered a charlatan, however erroneous might be his theory. In the summer of 1832, or about that time, through the influence of the distinguished Doctor Reuben Dimond Mussey, a professor in the Medical School, Doctor Sylvester Graham, noted for his theory of 226 HISTORY OF BEVKSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARFSWELL. vegetable diet to the exclusion of animal, gave a course of lectures on his specialt3'. Tliey were given in the Congregational Church, and were fulh' attended. The doctor was an attractive lecturer, and his theorv gained man}' adherents. The meat-market ran low, and butchers feared for their calling. Some reall}- feared that their occu- pation was gone. About this time also. Professor Esp}-, of riiiladelphia, an admirable lecturer, and eminent in his specialty", gave a ver^- interesting course upon tlie theorv of " Storms and Meteorology." He was called the " Storm King." Professor Smyth gave a course on " Electricity." Professor De la Mater, of the IMedical School, gave his regular course on " Hygiene," as a Ivceum course, at which the medical class attended. Doctor Benjamin Lincoln, of the class of 1823, and then professor in the Vermont Medical School, gave a course on " Vege- tal)le Life." Single lectures were also given b}' Professor Packard, P^benezer Everett, PLsquire, Reverend Mr. Adams, and Professor Cleavelaud. The most of these were free lectures, delivered under the auspices of the Brunswick and Topsham Athen:eum. They were given in the Tontine Hall. In March, 1833, a Mr. Wilbur, of Newbur^'port, Massachusetts, delivered a course of lectures on "Astronomy" ; and in the following August, RcA-erend Mr. Farle}' gave a lecture before the Brunswick and Topsham Athena?um, at Keverend Mr. Titcomb's meeting-house, on the subject of "True Enterprise" In 1834 Mr. John INIcKeen gave a course of lectures before the above-mentioned society, upon the History of Brunswick and Toiisham, and soon afterwards jMr. C. Hamlin gave a lecture at Pike's Hall, on " Steam Enginery." In the winter and spring of 1 836 Professor Packard delivered a lecture on the subject of '• Primar}- Schools," and Doctor Adams gave a course of lectures on " Ph3'siology." The above lectures were given before the Atheuivum. In 1843 a lyceum was organized, and lectures were given b}' the following gentlemen : Reverend L). C. Haines, on " Education" ; Pro- fessor Packard, on " Nationality" ; R. H. Dunlap, Poem, "A Defence of Poetry." The course was continued in 1844, by l''rofessor Goodwin, on " Machiavelli " ; Professor Smyth, on " Explosions of Steam Boilers" ; Reverend Mr. Bailey, on " Reading" ; Wm. G. Barrows, Esquire, on " The Saracens" ; John W. Davis, on " American History" ; Reverend Asahel Moore, on " Popular Education" ; Colonel T. L. McKenny, on " Origin, History, and Character of the Indians." GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 227 In 18'j7 a l^-comii was organized by members of the Unitarian Society, and lectures were y more music, a poem by Mr. Albert AY. Knight, and an original ode was sung by the choir. In 1845 the day was celebrated in Topsham by the .Temperance Society-. The procession marched to the Unitarian Meeting-IIouse, where an address Avas delivered b}' M. B. Goodwin, of the Senior Class of Bowdoin College. After the exercises, there was a dinner at the Washingtonian House. Probably the celebration of the Fourth of July which was attended with the most eclat of an}' that ever occurred in either of these towns Avas that in 1854. At ten A. jr. a procession Avas formed in the folloAving order: — Marsliiil. Bowdoinliam Artillery, \ Fire Compauios of lininswick, C as escort. Fire Company of Topsliaiu, ) Band. Aid — Chief Marshal — Aid. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 231 Marshal — Fire Companies from Abroad. Marshal — Committee of Arrangements. President of the Day and Chaplain. Vice-Presidents. Orator, Poet, and Reader. Marshal — Selectmen of Brnnswick and Topsham. Marshal — Fire Wards. Marshal — Superintending School Committee of Bnniswick and Topshara. Marshal — United States Officers. State Officers. Marshal — Clergy. Members of the Bar. Town Officers (present and past) of Brunswick and Topsham. Marshal — Officers of Bowdoin College. Students of same. Marshal — Agent and Overseers of the Cabot Manufacturing Company. Operatives of the same. Marshal — Schools of Brunswick and Topsham, with their respective Teachers. Marshal — Preceptor and Pupils of Topsham Academy. Marshal — Strangers. Marshal — Citizens of Brunswick and Topsham. Marslial — Flokal Procession of the Young Ladies of Brnnswick and Topsham, in carriages. Marshal — Juvenile Temperance Watchmen Club. The procession, after passing through tlie ])rincipal streets, entered the church upon the hill. Here Professor R. D. Hitchcock offered a prayer, and the Declaration of Independence was read by Professor II. II. Boody, after which Ex-Governor Robert P. Dunlap, the presi- dent of the day, introduced to the audience Mr. William P, Drew, the orator of the da3^ The oration was followed b\' a poem by Rev- erend Elijah Kellogg. In the afternoon a trial of fire-engines for the prize, a silver trumpet, took place at the upper mills. The prize was awarded to Androscoggin No. 2, of Topsham, which played a stream of one hundred and seventy- four feet and some inches. Atlantic Companj^ No. 2, of Portland, was so unfortunate as to burst their hose at each trial. An exhibition of fire-works, which would have been a fine one, was marred by a shower which hurried it to a close. The festivities of the day closed with a ball at the Tontine Hall, under the direction of Protector Engine Company No. 4, of Brunswick. In 1860 the day was observed in a similar way. William P. Tucker, tutor of Bowdoin College, read the Declaration of Independence ; and Augustus C. Robbins, Esquire, of Brunswick, delivered an oration. Doubtless the day has been occasionally observed in Harps well, 232 HIbTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. but no account of any special celebration has been obtained. The day is often chosen for Sabbaih-school picnics. On Monday, August 16, 1eedman's liureau eleven boxes of clothing, the estimated value of which was $1,000. Several meetings were held in the summer of 18G5, in Topsham, for the purpose of taking action in relation to offering inducements to the trustees of the State Agricultural College to locate that institution :?;>8 ins-ioNY OF nI:r^s^\^ICK, Tni\^iiAyr, .wn //.i/;/'mi'7;/,/.. in 'l\)[)-;li;im. Sutlii'uMit t'uiuls woro obtiiiiKHl, Init the triistoos deonu'd it I'xpvHliiMit to Itu'iito tho (.'olK'iio ;it Oroiio. Ill 1S('>(;, siMiio time ill July, :i nuH'tiiii:' ot" the oitizons of liinnswii'U \v;is lu'lil to t:iUo mensiuvs for funiishiiiii- i\'u\ [o tlie sntfoivrs l>v tlio rorthiiul lire. A roliof (.'ommittoo wms elioson. luitl siii)[>lii's niul inoiu'v wore sent l>v it to tho eity authorities. Doulitless niauy other nieetinur citizens lia\e ••dways been eminent for their eultivation of the moral and social virtues, uo less than for their zeal for improve- ment in knowledge, is ovitlent from the attention they gave to the formation of ASSOCIATIONS, The number of which, of various kinds and for various purposes, in r>runswiek and vicinity, formed from time to time during the present century, is so large as to admit oi' but brief mention in these pages. AoKioiLTiiuAL AND Mkcii ANu Ai, ASSOCIATION'S. — The carlicst association of this kind was the ^Ikoiianics' Association, of Bruns- wick, which was tormcd August S, ISl'J. The first ollicers were, .lames l)erbv, president; l>enjamin Furbish, vice-presiitions have been held, and the condition of the society lias steadily improved. It now ranks among the very best of the agrieultui'al societies in the State. It owns upwards of nineteen acres of land, a large two-stor}' building, in which the exhibitions are held, a dining-hall, stable, and other buildings. The society is free from debt, and has a large membership. September 10, 1774, a grange of The I'atrons of IIi;.«p.am>uv was organized at Topsham, and aiioiit the same time one was organized in Brunswick. Both are in a flourishing condition. CHAIMTA [JLE A!^SOCI ATIOXS. The oldest association for charitable and social purposes is Uxiteo Lonor:, No. 8, of Fijef: and Accej'ted Masons The charter for this lodge was granted b}- the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, December 14, 1801. The charter members were Jacob Brown. Wil- liam Fairfield, James Kogers, Daniel llolden, Ziba Eaton, Samuel Snow, Jonathan Snow, David Patterson, James McLellan, and Joshua VAwry. 'V\\(i first master was Jacob Brown. The lodge was established in Topsham, holding its first meeting under the charter, February 20, 1802, at the house of Mr. Gideon Walker. The record furnishes no clew as to the exact place of meet- ing after that above mentioned, it simpl}" reading " Mason's Hall " ; and although a committee was raised at the first meeting ''for the |)iirposri of hiring a hall and furnishing furniture, clotliing, etc.," no jecord of the report of that committee is f, it was " voted that there be a committee chosen for the ])U)posc of nuikiiig all the necessar}- arrangements for building a Masouic Hall and to carry the same into effect. " On May 27, 180«;, a committee was chosen to complete a Masonic Hall, and September 23, 180(;, it was "voted that the secretary be empowered to subscribe five shares for United Lodge for the purpose of building a hall" ; and the new hall was dedicated January 1, 1807. The lodge was evidently not at that time full owner of the hall, as a vote passed March 17, 1807, provides " that the lodge take all indi- vidual shares and pay for them, when the lodge is in capacit}' to do the same." This hall was in the building now known as the Franklin Family School. Several public displajs are recorded while the lodge 240 HISTORY OF BliUKSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND ILIBPSWELL. was located in Topsliam. On June 24, 1806, the Festival of St. John the Baptist, a •'procession formed (under direction of David Patterson, as marshal), and moved to Mr. Daniel Owen's hall, at Brunswick, where thirtv-one Masons, together with five musicians, dined and then returned." On June 24, 1808, the Festival of St. John the Baptist was cele- brated bv United Lodge and Solar Lodge of Bath. Jacob llerrick delivered an address at the new meeting-house in Brunswick. In 1810 the question of moving the lodge to Bnmswick was consid- ered, and in 1814 it was voted to petition the Grand Lodge for per- mission to remove it. The answer to this i)etition was as follows ; — Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, June 10, A. L. 5816. " On the petition of the officers and members of the United Lodge, situated at Topsham, voted that United Lodge have leave to remove from the town of Topsham to the town of Brunswick, of which the officers and members will take due notice and govern themselves accordingly. " John Foley, Grand Secretary.''^ "Boston, June 29, A. L. 5810." The above is a correct cop}' of the indorsement on the charter. On June 24, 181G, a procession being formed, the lodge was joined by the ollicors and members of Freeport and Solar Lodges, and by tlie District Deputy (irand Master Oliver Bra}', Esquire. Tlie pro- cession, preceded b}- a band of music, marched to the meeting-house in Brunswick, where an oration was delivered b}' Robert Pinckney Dunlap. The procession was again formed, moved to Washington Hall, and partook of a bountiful dinner provided l)y Kobert Eastman. The lodge did not return to Topsham, but met in Washington Hall. from this date until January 16, 1817, when a new hall, on Mason Street, was dedicated. Onh' Masonic visitors were present at this ceremon}-. Robert P. Dunlap delivered an oration, and the fraternity afterwards "partook of a sumptuous dinner" at the house of the master. Doctor Jonathan Page. In Jamiary, 1822, this lodge was incorporated into a bod}' politic, " with all the privileges usually gianted to other societies, instituted for purposes of ciiarity and lieneficence." In the year 1844 the Masonic Hall was enlarged and refurnished at considerable expense. This hall was over the Mason Street School-house, and the whole building (and land) was in 1872 sold to tlie town for an engine-house. The lodge moved from the GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 241 hall on Mason Street, October 3, 1872, into spacious rooms in the third story of the new building, known as " Lemont Block," on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets.^ The following anecdote comes in naturally in this connection. Earl}' in tlie century a man came to Brunswick, who claimed that he was a Free Mason when he was not one. The deception was at once detected, but a few of the members of that fraternit}' determined to have some sport with the man, and at the same time give him a lesson that would be likel}^ in future to deter him from attempting to gain a clandestine admission into other lodges. He was told that it was the custom of the Masons there to initiate all strangers before admitting them to the lodge, and that no exception could be made in his case. He consented to submit to the ordeal, and a room over Schwartkins's shop was at once prepared for the ceremon}'. The details of the initiation have not been preserved, but it is known that he was anointed with loater in such quantity that it ran down through the floor on to the table at which Schwartkins and his family were at dinner. After the ceremony was finished the candidate was asked whether it was similar to wliat he had pi-eviousl}' experienced when he was admitted to the fraternity. He replied, " It resembles it some, but you use a great deal more water here." The Buuxswick Humane Society was organized May 2, 1820. This was, as its name would indicate, a benevolent societ}', its object being to make gratuitous provision for the sick and destitute, of bedding and clothing, as far as it was able ; and to assist such desti- tute children as manifested a desire to attend the Sabbath school, with suitable clothing. The meetings of the society' were held at the residences of members. During the first 3'ear there were weekly meet- ings at which the time was occupied in making or repairing such gar- ments as the}' were able to pi-ocure for the above purposes. After the first year the meetings were less frequent. In March, 1822, the societj* contributed clothing, bedding, etc., " to students who had suffered in consequence of the fire on March 4," and it was at this time voted " that the sum of thirty dollars be delivered to Reverend William Allen to be expended in such articles as he shall judge proper for indigent students." The last meeting recorded was held October 30, 1834. During its existence this society did a good work in relieving the wants of the poor and adding to the comfort of the sick. ^For the foregoing account we are indebted to Ira P. Booker and to L. H. Stover, Secretary of United Lodge. 16 242 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The Pejepscot Lodge, No. 13, Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows, was chartered Ma^' 2, 1844, and was instituted June 13, of the same year. The charter members were Gik's Bailey, John S. Gush- ing, John D. Coburn. Leonard P. Merrill, William H. Morse, and Horatio Hall. The first officers were, John S. Gushing, N. G. ; Wm. H. Morse, y. G. ; Jos. Lunt, 2d, T. ; L. P. Merrill, Sec. A hall was leased for five years of John S. Gushing, over his store on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets. It was neatly and elegantly furnished. The carpets, draper}', curtains, etc., were of the best material, and the regalia compared favorably with an}- in the State. There were fort^^-two members the first year, and in 1849 the number had increased to eighty-six. In December of that year the hall, which the lodge had occupied for five years and six montlis, was destroyed by fire together with its contents, including nearly all of the books and papers belonging to the lodge. After the fire, the lodge held its meetings in a room over the store on the corner of Maine and Lincoln Streets, now A. T. Gampbell's store. The lodge did not flourish after the fire as it had done previously, and the number of its members grew less each 3'ear, and finally, in 1858, the charter was surrendered. From that 3'ear until 1875, there was no lodge of Odd Fellows in Brunswick. In the fall of 1875 the old lodge was revived, and on the evening of October 6 there was a public installation of otlicers. Grand Mas- ter ►Stone was the installing officer, and the following were installed officers of the lodge, Frank Johnson, Noble Grand ; Ed. Beaumont, Vice-Grand ; R. B. Melcher, R. S. ; W. F. Tyler, P. S. ; E. T. Gatchell, Treasurer. The Ladies' Soldiers Aid Society was organized September 16, 18G2. It lasted during the civil war. In 1863 a series of public tableaux was given by it for the purpose of raising funds. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. Of the numerous associations of a literary and scientific charac- ter, which have existed in either of the three towns, the Nucleus Club, of Brunswick and Topsham, deservedly" takes the highest rank. It was instituted April 7, 1820, and existed under the name of the Nucleus Club until about 1832, when its name was changed to that of the Brunswick and Topsham Athenaeum, and GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 243 under that name it flourished for some 3'ears longer, wlien it was disbanded. In the 3-ear 1830 the constitution, by-laws, and rules of the club were printed, together with a list of its members at that time. The exercises at the regular meetings of the club were a discussion of a subject which had been proposed, and accepted b3" the club, at a previous meeting, a lecture, dissertation, or such other performance as may have been pro^■ided for by the superintending committee or b}' the bj'-laws. On the evening of each anniversar}^ an address was delivered by the president, and a poem or dissertation hy some member, previousl}' appointed by the club for the purpose. The bj'-laws provided for " a superintending committee," whose dut}' it was to select subjects and assign them to different members for discussion ; to procure lecturers ; purchase apparatus ; and to have the general superintendence of all matters not otherwise pro- vided for. Standing committees were also chosen annually, for the considera- tion of the subjects mentioned in the list given below. Tlie club pos- sessed quite a large library, which was procured by purchase and by donations. When the club disbanded the books were distributed by lot among the members. The following is a list of the officers and committees in 1830 : — John C. Humphreys, President; James Carj-, Vice-President ; Fran- cis D. Gushing, Secretnry ; , Librarian. Library Committee. — A. B. Thompson, John Coburn. Superintending Committee. — Ebenezer Everett, John Coburn, Wm. Smvth, Charles Weld, John McKeen, Samuel P. Newman, Alpheus S. Packard, Elijah P. Pike, and Abner B. Thompson. On Chemistry. — Parker Cleaveland, Geo. E. Adams, Geo. W. Holden, A. S. Packard, and Joseph McKeen. Political Economy and Civil Polity. — Robert P. Dunlap, S. P. Newman, C. Packard, R. T. Dunlap, M. E. Woodman, S. Veazie, C. Thompson, and P. O. A Id en. Literature and Belles- Lettres. — S. P. Newman, E. Everett, and R. P. Dunlap. Banking and a Circulating Medium. — E. Everett, Thos. G. Sand- ford, N. Hinkley, N. Perkins, and A. B. Thompson. Electricity and Magnetism. — Wm. Smj'th, I. Lincoln, James McKeen, and L. T. Jackson. Navigation and Commerce. — A. B. Thompson, S. Veazie, W. Frost, John Dunlap, and N. Hinkley. 244 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HABrSWELL. Astronomy. — C. Weld and James McKeen. AgricaUure. — David Dunlap, John McKeen, Natli. Dunning, and G. W. Ilolden. Subjects connected icith the Business and future Prosjjects of the Vil- lages of Brunswick and Topsham. — John Coburn, J. C. Humphrej's, F. D. Gushing, Dennis Gillett, J. S. Gushing, R. Forsaith, C. Water- house, John Owen, and Jos. Dunning, Mathomatics and Surveying. — E. P. Pike, Wm. Smyth, and R. D. Dunning. Hydrostatics and Mechanics. — P. Gleaveland, J. Caiy, Joseph Griffin, N. Houghton, L. T. Jackson, J. W. Moore, L. T. Gushing, J. R. Larrabee. II. ]M. Prescott, J. Stinehfield. and E. P. Pike. Public Schools. — John McKeen, Geo. E. Adams, N. Perkins, Asa Dodge, and J. B. Gleaveland. Poads and Canals. — Gharles Packard, John Goburn, Joseph McKeen, M. E. Woodman, and G. Thompson. History. — A. S. Packard and G. Weld. The Pytiionian Society was organized in January, 182.5. Its object was debating, composition, and friendly and -social intercourse. Only ])ersons desirous of cultivating literar}'^ tastes b}' reading and discussions were invited to join. Dissertations were required from each member in turn. Its anniversary was observed every 3'ear in January, at which time officers were chosen, and an address delivered by the president ; some- times there was also a poem, and always a supper. The society had a small but select library', which was distributed among its members when it was disbanded, which was about 1853, having had an existence for upwards of twent^'-five years. The average membership was small, perhaps fifteen or sixteen. We are unable to give a list of its members, but it is worthy of remark that John S. Gushing was a member for upwards of twent3'-five years, he having joined it the first year of its existence and continued an active member until he removed from town in 1852. The constitu- tion, bj'-laws, and a list of members of this organization were once printed, but no copy has been obtained and it is doubtful whether one now exists. In the winter of 1829-30 the Brunswick Lyceum was formed. It originated in the following manner. The Washington Fire Glub had baen accustomed to hold its annual meeting and to have an address delivered, in the winter season. This year the address was by Pro- fessor A. S. Packard, on the organization and importance of lyceums. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 245 This address was favorably received, and tlie club voted to call a meet- ing of the citizens to hear the address and to consider the propriety of forming a lyceura. A meeting was held in the Universalist Church on Federal Street (now Dirigo Hall, on Oilman Avenue) , and a lyceum was formed Committees were chosen to provide dissertations or essaj's on the particular subjects of which they had charge. Several lectures were given, but the societ}' lasted onl}' for a short time. The Brunswick and Topsham Athenaeum was the NurJeus Club under a different name. It received this name about 1832. This societ}' was in existence in 1836, but no later reference to it has been found. At a meeting of this society in Ma}', 1833, a committee was chosen to inquire into the practicability of building a railway from Brunswick to the tide waters in Casco Bay. In November, 1842, the Brunswick and Topsham Lyceum Soci- ety was formed. It was in existence in 184.5, perhaps later. The society- not onl}' provided lectures, but public discussions were held by it in the Maine Street Baptist Church in Brunswick. The Castalian Society of Brunswick was in existence in 1845: Nothing more is known concerning it. The name would indicate that its object was to encourage a taste for poetr}'. The Brunswick Linn^ean Society, organized in May, 1845, was formed at the suggestion of Professor Cleaveland, the object being to "• acquire a systematic knowledge of natural history." Meetings were held once a week at the residences of its members. At each meeting a dissertation was read by. some member, and various subjects were analyzed. During the summer, botanj' was the subject of stud3^ At other times, ornithology, concholog}^ entomology, ichth^-olog}', mete- orology, mammalog}', physiolog}', and geolog}*. In the summer, excursions were made. July 1, 184G, the society went to Harpswell Island to visit a grove of the mountain laurel. The next summer an excursion was made to Merry meeting Bay, in the steamer " Rough and Read}'." Other excursions were made at differ- ent times to localities of interest in the vicinity. Each anniversar}' was observed in a fitting manner. The first by an excursion and picnic to Harpswell Island. The second by a social meeting, with invited friends, at Common's Hall, at which an oration was delivered by W. G. Barrows, a poem liy O. F. Dunning, and an original ode by A. W. Knight. Upon the third anniversaiy a social gathering was held at the Brunswick Seminary, an oration was deliv- ered by H. K. Craig, and a poem by A. W. Knight. In 1848 a number of lectures were delivered before the society (not 246 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. public) by Professor Cleaveland, G. C. Swallow, A. "NY. Knigbt. Oliver Stevens, S. J. Hnnipbrey, L. P. Merrill, W. G. Barrows, and Doctor J. D. Lincoln. The society flourished until the spring of 1849 (a period of four years), when it was " voted not to assign any regular parts during the summer, but to come together in a social way once a fortnight and occasionally for a walk." Meetings were thus held for a short time, when they ceased altogether. The average membership of the society was from twenty-five to thirty. A Towx History and Natural History Society was organized in Brunswick, March 30, 1870, by the choice of A. G. Tenney, chair- man, and John Furbish, secretary. Apart from creating an interest in its members for the objects for which it was formed, this society resulted in a lailure. Debating societies and Ij'ceums of minor importance have also existed in various parts of each of these towns, but they do not call for particular mention here. MUSICAL SOCIETIES. The first musical society in this vicinity was the Hayden Society, formed about 1825. This was followed in 1829 by the Mozart Society. This society' was formed for the cultivation of musical tastes and for social inter- course. Its meetings were held at tlie Tontine Hotel, ISIaine Hotel, and at Robert Orr's office. It embraced members from Toi)sham as well as from Brunswick. Robert Orr, General Abner B. Thompson, James McKeen. M. D., John H. Thompson, and Benjamin Dennison are known to have been members. About 1844 the Brunswick Brass Band was formed. It was probably the earliest band formed in this vicinity. It consisted of fifteen members and was in existence five or six years. AVilliam R. Field, Jr., was the leader during the last year of its existence. The musical organizations of a later date have been too numerous to admit of mention here. MORAL ASSOCIATIONS. In 1826 the Peace Society of Brunswick was organized. It continued in existence for seven years, perhaps longer. Nothing- has been ascertained in regard to its membership or its meetings. March 20, 1838, the TorsiiAM Antislavery Society was organ- GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 247 ized. James McKeen, M. D., was elected president; David Scrib- ner, vice-president ; and Joseph Barron, secretar}'. The whole number of members was fift3'-eight. Their constitution required them to meet quarterly" for the purpose of discussing the subject of slavery. .About 18'io the Liberty Association of Brunswick was fonned. Nothing has been ascertained in regard to this societ}-, but judging from its name, it was probabl}' a political societ}'. PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS. The earliest society of this kind, not including insurance companies, etc., which appear in another connection, was the Bruns"wick Watch Association. This was an organization of citizens voluntarih' asso- ciated together to secure the village against fire during the winter season, when it was difficult to obtain water. At that time, there being no suction hose, -the engines had to be filled b}' buckets. The association was formed January 14, 182G, a meeting of citi- zens being called for this purpose. At this meeting Joseph McKeen, Parker Cleaveland, Caleb Gushing, Richard T. Dunlap, Abner B. Thompson, and Benj. Weld were chosen a committee to prepare a system of rules for regulating the watch. They reported, and the association adopted, the following BY-LAWS FOR THE WATCH. 1. " The watch for each night shall consist of four citizens, two of whom shall remain at the place of rendezvous, while the other two are out upon dut}'. 2. " The watch shall so divide themselves every night, that each half shall perform dut}' in that part of the village in which they reside, so far as tliis may be practicable. 3. "The watch shall make ^ve rounds of the village during the night, the rounds commencing at ten o'clock, ha'f past elevett, one o'clock, half past two, and four o'clock. 4. " Each round shall be divided into two parts, viz.„ one j)cirt, commencing at the place of rendezvous, shall proceed up Main Street to the Academy, thence returning b}' the meeting-house to the store of Joseph McKeen, Esquire, pass through Cross Street to Federal Street, thence down the same to School Street, through that to Pleas- ant Street, proceeding up that street to the house of Captain John A. Dunning, and thence return to the place of rendezvous. " The other part, commencing at the same place of rendezvous, shall 248 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. » proceed clown INIain Street to the In'idge, thence through Bow Street to Mill Street, and up that street to the house of Mr. B. Wells, thence back through Mill Street to Main Street, thence through Mason Street to Federal Street, up that street to the house of Mr. C. Water- house, thence back through Centre Street to Main Street, and thence to the place of rendezvous. , 5. " The watch will proceed on their rounds without causing any unnecessary noise or disturbance to the inhabitants. In case of Jzre they will give the most prompt and effectual alarm. G. "One member of the committee, in the afore-mentioned order of their names, will superintend the watch, as expressed in the sub- joined list of the watch. 7. " Every member of the association who may be necessarily prevented from watching in his turn, shall furnish a suital>le substitute, who, if not a member of the association, shall be approved by the committee for the week, or instead thereof, he shall pay the sum of one dollar ; and the name of the substitute shall be presented, or the money paid to the committee for the week, as early as twelve o'clock of the da}' preceding his turn to watch. 8. " Each watchman, when out on duty, shall carr}' a watch-pole ; and the poles during the da}' shajl be deposited at tlie place of rendez- vous, together with lanterns, to be used when necessary. 9. " The names of those who may be delinquent, or fail to com- ply with the by-laws established, shall be communicated by the com- mittee to the association at the close of the season." The by-laws were printed in sheet form, together with the " Order of the Watch," which gave the names of the members and the dates upon which they were expected to watch. The place of rendezvous was, at first, the coiinting-room of Farrin & Dunning. In 1827 it was at Barker and Rogers's Inn. The Executive Committee in 1826 were: — Joseph McKeen, Parker Cleaveland, Caleb Cushing, Richard T. Dunlap, Abner B. Thompson, Benjamin Weld. The association contained , at that time one hundred and thirty-one members, some of whom were professors in college, and nearly all of whom were amongst the most esteemed citizens of the town. The expense of the watch was paid by voluntary subscription the first year, but afterwards it was assessed by the committee upon the citizens, according to the amount of property they had exposed to fire. Hot coffee, bread, butter, cheese, and cold meats were furnished the watch at midnight. The watch-poles which were carried by tlie GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 249 watchmen were about three feet long, with a hook at one end. The poles were used to walk with, and the hooks were used to catch into the clothing of an}' culprit who sought to escape from the watch by running. A " Watch Book" was kept at the rendezvous, in which the watch each morning recorded any interesting event which occurred during the night. A book containing the records from January 1st to March 31st, 1827, is the only one we have been able to find. It contains no record of historical value, but has much of a humorous character, as the following extracts will show : — " January 6th. Nothing material happened during the night. Found one light in a dangerous position (viz. at the head of a bed in a chair) ; two fires badl}' taken care of, and some courting on hand, people up late." '•January 30th. On the fifth watch saw a 3'oung man returning home from particular business. Detained him awhile, demanded his business for being out so late ; he gave us good satisfaction ; we let him go b}' pacing one bottle of wine." '' February loth. First round, half past twelve o'clock, met Hannah S. and Geo. AV"., all was well." " March 4th. One thing is deserviiig of particular notice, viz., not a hundred rods distant a fine lady was observed to be sitting in the lap of a fine gentleman, and as our respected major and squire would say, ' all as fine as silk.' " The watch was continued for several winters and then given up. In 1849 a similar watch was established upon a modified plan. John M. Hall was appointed superintendent of the watch. The watch for each night consisted of six citizens, who were divided into three parties of two eath, and it was so arranged that four persons were on the watch at all times through the night until daylight. The watch was discontinued at the end of the season and was not afterwards revived. In 1852 and 1853 a watch, consisting of six citizens appointed each night b}' the justices of the peace and selectmen, was kept in Brunswick. The chamber of the engine-house on Pleasant Street was used as the watch-room, where the watch met at nine o'clock each evening and organized themselves for the night. TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES AND TEMPERANCE REFORM. The first movement toward the suppression of intemperance in this vicinity, and possibly as early a movement as any of the kind in the State (then District) of Maine, was in the year 1813. 250 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. On the second da}^ of April of that year a societj' was formed under the title of The Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswkll Society for the Suppression of Intemperance. The constitution of this society at first limited its exertions to the single object of restraining intemperance, but b}' an amendment adopted at its first anniversarj' in 1814, it was provided that the efforts of the society should also ])e directed against other immoralities. The following extracts from the constitution, as published in 1814. will show the character of the organization and .the nature of its work : — " Article 2. The object of this society is the suppression of vice and immorality, and the encouragement of reformation and virtue. The accomplishment of this design is to be sought b^' admonition and persuasion, and b}' promoting a faithful execution of the laws." Article 7 provided for a ''Board of Council." Among the duties of this board were the following: "To make communications to other similar societies ; to receive communications from them ; to collect, combine, and digest facts and general information relating to the gen- eral purposes of the societ}" ; to devise wa3-s and means for the further- ance of these purposes, and at each annual meeting to report to the society their doings ; a digest of the facts and general information which they may have collected, and such measures as they may judge suitable for the society to adopt and pursue." The eighth article provided that each member of the society should make it an object to discountenance and prevent as far as may be, b}* his own example and influence, every kind of vice and immorality. April 27, 1814, Professor Cleaveland delivered an address before the society. A copy of the constitution and a copy of Prof. Cleaveland's address may be found in the library of the Maine Historical Society. That there was need enough of a movement in favor of temperance at this period is evident from a statement made by a competent person, of the amount of spirits of various kinds that were sold in Brunswick between November 1, 1826, and November 5, 1830. From this state- ment it appears that in 1826 more than 12,000 gallons of liquor were sold. In 1830, owing to the temperance reform, the amount had been lessened one half. The second temperance movement commenced in Brunswick about the year 1826. The subject was brought before the people by a lec- ture on temperance by some gentleman from Massachusetts. Some of the citizens of the place became interested in the subject, foremost amongst whom was Professor Packard, then a young man. The first GENERAL AND SOCIAL. _ 251 movement made after the lecture metitioned above was the meeting- together of the traders of the village to consult on measures for pro- moting temperance in Brunswick. This meeting was held at the old stage-house kept b^' Russell Stoddard, and consisted of all the grocers, tavern-keepers, and victuallers in the village. Various plans were dis- cussed, but, about the close of the meeting, one of the oldest traders arose and submitted a plan and resolution. The resolution was as follows : — " Resolved, That hereafter the retailers of spirits in this village charge four cents per glass and six cents per gill for all New England rum drank in their places of business, instead of three cents per glass and five cents per gill, as heretofore ; and be it further resolved, that we add one cent per glass and one cent per gill to the price of all' other liquors sold at our places of business." This resolution was probably- not adopted, as it is said that the patrons of this trader found much fault with him, complaining that he had always made more profit by his sales than the other traders, because when he drew his liquors for them " he placed his large thumb in the measure so that they did not get more than three fourths as much for a glassful as the}' did at other stores." A good wa^', surely, of compelling men to drink moderately ! The lecture and meeting referred to did good b}^ attracting attention to the subject, though no real measures were taken to prevent the spread of intemperance. In 1828 the surveyors of highways were instructed b}' the town of Brunswick to use no ardent spirits at the expense of the town. It is extremely doubtful, though, whether this vote was due so much to the growth of a temperance sentiment in town as it was to a desire for retrenchment of expenses. The second organization for the purpose of promoting a temperance reform was known as The Temperance Society of Brunswick. It was organized on the twenty-third of November, 1830. The funda- mental article of its constitution, or '' the pledge," was as follows : — " We agree that we will not drink ardent spirits, nor furnish them for others to drink, except when they are pi'escribed by a temperate physician as an indispensable medicine." The society was at first quite small, there being in January, 1831, only twenty-seven members. The number soon after increased to eighty, and in the year 1835 there was a total membership of four hundred and sixty. Man}' of the members were so liberal in their interpretation of the pledge as to suppose the}^ might drink wine or strong beer without violating it, and as a natural consequence, after 252 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. a while, i\\Q\ disregarded the pledge altogether. Others, however, adhered firmly to their pledge, and remained ever after strictly tem- perate men. The society conthiiied in existence until about 1842. Those, however, who adhered strictly- to the spirit of the pledge had previously left the ranks and joined other organizations. It is said of those who remained that it was customar}'^ with them to drink wine at their meetings. However that may be, it is a matter of record that the Washington Temperance Societ}*, in 1841, i-equested the clergy- men of Brunswick not to take up any contribution in their meetings for the old temperance society, on account of the bad influence of its example. We have been miable to find any records of the society, and cannot, therelbre, give a list of its officers or any of its transactions. A copy of the pledge, containing one hundred and thirt^'-five names, is in our possession. Among the signers are the names of professors, clergy- men, lawyers, ph^'sicians, and other prominent men as well as those of humbler citizens. The names contained in this list were obtained as earl}' as 1833, possibly earlier. In 1834 the Brunsavick Total Abstinence and Charitable Soci- ety was in existence and was probably organized that year. In 183.") the Youxg Men's TEMrERANCE Society, of Brunswick, and the Temperance Society of Bowdoin College, were formed. There was also one other in addition to those already mentioned as formed in 1830 and 1834, making five temperance societies in existence in Brunswick at this time. From the " Annual Report of the Directors of the Cumberland Count}^ Temperance Society' " we obtain the names of all the officers of these five societies, but no clew is given as to which societ}' a given set of officers belongs. Of one society Doctor S. P. Cushman was the president, and Pro- fessor A. S. Packard the secretaiy. Of another. Reverend George Lamb was president, and James Elliot, secretaiy. Elder John Bailey was the president, and Jonathan Snow the secretaiy, of a third. Of another, Ezekiel Thompson was the president. Of the last, John S. Grows was the president, and Samuel Holb rook the sec- retar}'. Tlie total membership of the five societies numbered nine hundred and thirty-four. About this time, as early at least as 1836, the Topsham Temper- ance So(jiETY was formed. This was the first society of the kind amongst the people of that town, with the exception of the one formed in 1813, which included citizens of several towns. The Washington Total Abstinence Society of Topsham was GENERAL AND SOCIAL. 253 fjrmed on the seventh of June, 1841. In November of the following 3'ear, there were one hundred and thirty-three members. Meetings were held weekly, and a good degree of interest was manifested. The officers, in 1842, were Samuel W. Swett, president ; Nathaniel Qnint, vice-president; Charles J. Harris, secretarj- ; Cj'rus M. Puring- ton, treasurer and collector ; E. Sawyer, Charles Barron, and Henry C. Haynes, prudential committee. We have been unable to obtain any further information regarding this societ3\ The Washington Total Abstinence Society of Brunswick was formed on Wednesday, June IC, 1841, fourteen persons affixing their names to the pledge. From this small beginning the society grad- ually increased in numbers, and in May, 1842, there were five hundred and eighty members. The officers chosen at the time of the organiza- tion of the societ}' were General John C. Humphrey's, president ; Moses Towns, vice-president ; George W. Carleton, secretaiy ; Colonel A. J. Stone, treasurer. AVeekl3- meetings w^ere held, at first, in the "Red School-House" on School Street, afterwards in Humphreys Hall, and still later (in 1842) in Washington Hall, in the old tavern which stood on the site of the present post-office and engine-house. During the first j'ear the society held occasional public meetings, at which addresses upon temperance were made and the pledge offered for signatures. One of these meetings was held in the Congregational Church, and w^as addressed by William H, Hawkins, of Baltimore. After the address one hundred and one persons came forward and signed the pledge of total abstinence. Meetings were also held at New Meadow's and Growstown, and in Harpswell. Freeport, and other towns in the vicinity, under the direction of delegations from the Brunswick societ}'. The society decided bj- a unanimous vote that moral suasion and not coercion should be the method b}' which its members sliould seek to reform the intemperate and to prevent the sale of ardent spirits. On the twent^'-second of Februarj', 1842, Washington's birthday was celebrated b}' a public meeting which was addrsssed by Keverend George E. Adams and Reverend Mr. Hillman, after which the society partook of a supper at Washington Hall. Dean Swift furnished an appropriate banner. On the fourth of March, 1842, Reverend Mr. Thompson delivered an address before the societ}" at the Congregational Church, the members marching in procession to the church, escorted by Captain Newman's company of militia. 254 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. The society existed for several 3'ears, precisely how rnany we are unable to state. In 1841 the selectmen of Brunswick voted not to license any innhold- ers, " unless they pledge themselves in writing, in the most solemn and positive manner, that they will not keep liquors in or abont their premises to sell or to give away." The}' were also, at the annual meeting of the town, directed to prosecute all persons selling liquors without a license. The}^ were led to the adoption of these measures in consequence of the growth of the sentiment in favor of temperance reform which was promoted by the temperance organizations. The Martha Washington Society of Brunswick was organized on the seventeenth of March, 1842. A number of ladies, feeling the importance of aiding the cause of temperance, met at tliat time and formed a society'. Meetings were held once a fortnight. In Jul}' following the society numbered two hundred and seventy-five members. The societ}' not only labored for the reformation of the intemperate, but rendered substantial relief to worthy destitute families. The Young Men's Washingtonian Society of Brunswick was, as its name would imply, an association of young men for the promo- tion of the cause of temperance. It was formed in April, 1843. The oflticers at that time were M. B. Bartlett, president ; C. P. Stetson, vice-president ; A. W. Knight, secretary ; and E. A. Dunlap, treasurer. In 1845 the True Washingtonian Temperance Society of Tops- ham was formed. Nothing more than this fact has been ascertained in regard to it. It was probably formed b}' those who, though tem- perate, could not conscientiousl}' join a strictl}' total-abstinence society. In 1846 the popular feeling in regard to temperance had become sufficiently powerful to enable the town of Brunswick at its annual meeting to pass the following resolve : — " liesoJvf'd^ Tliat the traffic in intoxicating liquors as a beverage is injurious and unnecessary, and that, therefore, said traffic ought to cease ; that the selectmen be directed to take all legal measures for its suppression in this town, and that in so doing the town will sustain them." On the seventeenth of February of this year a public temperance meeting was held in Brunswick, at which a committee, consisting of sixtj'-three prominent citizens of the town, with John F. Hall as chair- man, was chosen to devise means for suppressing the sale of intoxi- cating liquors. This committee issued a circular letter to each retail dealer in liquor in the town, requesting him to relinquish the traffic. GENERAL AND SOCIAL. ^bb These letters had the effect of inducing some to abandon the sale of liquor, though many still persisted in it. In the fall of 1849 the Sawaoook Division op the Sons of 'Pem- PERANCE Mas instituted in Topsham. It lasted for several j-ears, and accomplished much good. The Brunswick Division, No. 142, op Sons op Temperance was instituted on the fifth day of February, 1850, by the Sawacook Divi- sion of Topsham. The charter was surrendered on the twenty-third of November, 1852. Brunswick Division, No. 20 (Sons of Temperance), was instituted March 22, 1858, by the Grand Worthy Patriarch. In August, 1859, it was voted to admit "lady visitors." On the thirtieth of September, 1860, there were seventy-eight members, and one hundred and nineteen ladj' visitors. During the three months pre- vious, sixteen members had been expelled, eight had withdrawn, five had violated the pledge, four had been admitted, three suspended, and three resigned. The division broke up in the fall of 1862. Temperance Watchmen. — A temperance society with the above appellation was organized in the yetxv 1850 or 1851. Its members were required to watch for, and report to the society, all violations of the law of the State, prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors. The ceremonies of the society were simpler than those of most other orders, and the expenses were less. Pejepscot Division, No. 13, of Juvenile Temperance Watch- men, of Brunswick, was organized in the fall of 1851, and in the course of two or three months there was a membership of about fifty. Weekl}'- meetings were held, at which were debates, declamations, and other exercises of a like character. In the autumn of 1852 a fine banner was presented to the society by lady friends. It is now in the posses- sion of Mr. Fessenden I. Da}', of Lewiston, who was the treasurer of the club. The founder and first president of the club was Mr. George W. M. Hall. The club gave a public exhibition on the fifth of Janu- ary, 1854. A Temperance Society was organized in Topsham, on the nine- teenth of January, 1857. It had no other title than " The Temperance Societ}'." Sixty-two persons signed the pledge. David Scribner was chosen president; Joshua Haskell, vice-president; William Whitten, secretary-; vSandford A. Perkins, treasurer; Humphrey P. Mallett, William Barron, Eben Colby, committee. The Cadets of Temperance, a society of young men under eighteen 3'ears of age, was formed in the spring of 1859 or 18G0. 256 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. There were two divisions of tlie cadets, one in Brunswick and the other in Topsham. The Bowdoin Temple of Honor and Temperance, No. 5, a subordinate society of the Good Templars, was instituted in Bruns- wick, August 29, 1806. The society was located in Brunswick, but contained some members from Topsham. The Joshua Nye Lodge, No. 12(), op Good Templars was organ- ized on the eleventh of April, 1870, and is still in existence. The Reform Club was organized in 1871. It has held a number of public meetings which have been addressed by prominent temper- ance men from abroad, and which were productive of much good. The organization is still in existence and in a flourishing condition. No account has been obtained of an}' associations in Harpswell except temperance societies, though without doubt there have been some others. Besides the Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell Tem- perance Societ}' already mentioned, there was in 1842 a Washingtonian Society, with a membership of over two hundred, upon Sebascodegan Island, and thei-e is now a reform club of about forty members on that island. Other associations not given in this chapter, such as religious societies, military companies, etc., will be mentioned in their appro- priate places in other connections. FIRES AND FIRE COMFANIES. 257 CHAPTER VI. FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. Conflagrations have been of rather frequent occurrence in Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell, considering the population of tlie towns. The first-named town has suffered b}' far tlie most and the Latter the least from this cause. The following account of the different fires that have occurred in these towns is obtained mainly from the accounts given at the time in different newspapers, from the records of the fire companies, and from private journals. It is believed to be as full and accurate as is possible from the data to be obtained. LIST OF FIRES IX BPtUNSWICK. [1671.] The beech woods, where the pine plains now are, were destroyed by fire.^ [167G.] A house and other buildings, near where Pennell's Wharf now is, were fired b}' the Indians. It had been occupied 1)\' a Mr. Wakel3', who was killed and his bod}' cast into the flames. i [1G90.] This year the whole settlement was destro^'ed by the Indians. [1722.] The Indians destroj'ed nearly all the settlement. Among the houses burnt were those of Thomas Tregoweth and James Thorn- ton. The latter was the father of Matthew Thornton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. [1735.] A block house, probably the one at Maquoit, was acci- dentally burned. [1737.] The house of Andrew Dunning was accidentall}' destroyed b}' fire, and his widow lost her life. [1770.] Deacon Samuel Stauwood's house, which occupied the ground where Mrs. Joseph McKeen's house now stands, was burnt. [1777.] There was a fire in some house, not known, which was caused b}' hot ashes in a barrel. ^ Traditional. 17 258 JUS Ton Y of Brunswick, topsiiam, and habp swell. [1798.] The store of Stone & Veazie was burnt. It was a two- stor}- building. [1805.] A two-story dwelling-house, b}- whom occupied or owned is unknown, was destroyed b}- fire. [1809.] On April 30, an extensive fire on the plains near the colleges. On June 29, at 11a. >i., the Gun House, on Center Street, was burnt. A new one was at once built on the same spot. [1810.] In Januar}-, da}- unknown, 9.15 p. m.. Captain Richard Tappan's house, store, and barn, and the house of Colonel William Stan wood. Deacon John Perry's house was torn down to prevent the spread of the fire. At midnight Secomb Jordan's house, near Pollard & Green's tanner}-, was burnt. The thermometer at the time indi- cated —10°. [1814.] Samuel Page's house and James Jones's blacksmith shop were burnt. For the next eight j'ears there has no record been found of an}- fire. It is hardly to be presumed, however, that so long a time could have elapsed without some such occurrence. Newspapers at that time gave but little attention to such items, and they may easily have failed to be recorded in private journals. [1822.] On March 4, the principal college building was burned about three o'clock in the afternoon ; the whole of the woodwork was consumed by seven o'clock in the evening. The fire was undoubtedly accidental. $1,000 was contriluitecl by the citizens to aid the suf- ferers, and the town of Dorchester, Massachusetts, also gave voluntary assistance. [1823.] On February 12, the house of Mr. Benjamin Orr, occu- pied by the Misses Tappan, was destroyed. In IVIarch. James Nelson's house, near the landing, was burnt. September 4, a fire arose in the woods of Washington Bowker, near Rocky Hill, and made such alarming progress that it soon came within a mile of the village, where, however, its progress was fortunately stayed. It destroyed nearly every building for four miles in length and one in breadth. Twenty' buildings were burnt in all. amongst which were the houses of Andrew Toothaker, Lenmel Morse, and the AVidow Donglass. There was also a great loss in woods, fences, sheep, and cattle. Among the sufferers were two widows. One of them, possibly Mrs. Doiigla.s.s, " passed through a scene of peculiar anguish. After nearly exhaustina: her strength in frnitless efforts to save her house, she was 1 ClcarelantV s Joiirnal. FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. 250 compelled to bear awa^' her sick son, with only the assistance of small children, to a place of safety." Jt is handed down as a tradition, that this fire was cansed by a bo}- setting fire to a hornets' nest, in revenge for the Jiornets having stung him. [1825.] On Tuesda}- morning, March 28, the store of Jotham Stone, occupied b}' Ammi R. West, was destroj'ed b}' fire, together with all his goods, valued at $2,000, his account books, and six hun- dred dut of straight copper tubing, with curved joints. There were i)latforms over each wheel, upon which three or four men stood to aid those who stood on the gro'uul ni working the breaks. This engine was sold in 1852, in exchange for the •• Protector No. -1." No records of the llydraulian Engine Conn)any have been fountl })ro\ ions to its reorganization in 18-lo, but it is known that Professor Cleavelantl was especially instrumental in its organization, lie was its lirst connnander. and held the position for twenty years. He was always one oi' the tirst on the ground at a tire, always managed the hose pipe, and always stood, when duty reiiuii-ed. in the i)lace of the greatest exposure and ilanger. In the sunnner of 1828 or 1830, a force pump was erected at the upper dam. It was (jperated by water power, and it forced water from the river through pipes, into a large tank which was situated on the high ground west of Union Street, about where the corn-house of the Honorable C. J. Gilman now stands. From thence the water was c-arried, by its own gravity, through pipes to Maine Street, just north of Lincoln Street, where it tiowed continuously through a standing pipe, and thence along the gutter at the side of the street to the cove, where it entered the river. This arrangement worked well in summer, but wlien winter came the water froze in the gutter, the' street and sidewalks were overflowed and covered with ice for a long distance, and the experiment was abandoned. It Avas prolnibly a private enter- l)rise to secure the property of individuals from loss by fire, as there is nothing in the town records to indicate that the town had anything to do with it. The third engine in Brunswick was the ** Niagara, No. 3." It was purchased by the town in 1848. This engine was exchanged in 1870 FIRES AND VI HE COMPANIES. 273 for a largor atid iK^ttor ono, called the " Niagara, No. 3," also, but wliicli was really tlie fourth enj^ine. Tiie early iccords of Niagara Engine Company have not been \\)\xn(\. The only thing known about it jmor to its reorganization is that on the evening of June 11, 18r*5, the company- paiaded the HtreetH with torch-lightH. The records which we have seen commence in \Hi)H. The officers of the company at that time consisted of three directors, a standing committ^'C of four, exclusive of the first director, one steward, one assistant steward, three pipernen, one foreman of hose, five leading hosemen, three suction hosemen, two axemen, and one clerk. The latter was paid between five an^l ten dollars per year. During llie year there were sixt\-s8,, the company attended the funeral of Professor Cleaveland. August 7, 1860, the company was presented with a flag \t\ Edward W. Thompson, Esquire. On December 4, of the same year, a flag was also presented Ity Colonel Alfred J. Stone. Trobably one of these was an ensign. On July 4, 18G.5, the company went to Lewiston to celel)rate the da^'. August 7, 1800, the company was disbanded, but was reorganized on the thirteenth of that month, and the old constitution and by-laws were adopted. No entry appears in the records later than the \'ear 1871. The fifth engine in Biiinswick was called the "Protector No. 4." It was pur- chased in 18.02. The town that 3'ear authorized the selectmen to dif-- l>ose of the two old engines and to purchase a new one. Two hun- dred dollars was ai)propriated, to be added to the proceeds of the sale of the old engines. The first l)ook of records of the Protector Company has not been found. From the second book it appears that at the first meeting, held April .'3, 1854, the following officers were chosen : II. M. liowker, first director; J. II. Toothaker, second director; E. L. McMaiius, third director ; Hiram Talbot, clerk ; John Andrews, steward; John Andrews, Joseph McKeen, Charles Hinkle^^, A. 8. Aubins, suction hosernen ; Charles E. Owen, first pipenian ; Jordan Snow, second pipeman ; John D. Stanwood, third pipeman. C. K. Lunt, William Reed, B. lioutelle, John Hinkle}', G. W. Swett, I. Taylor, A. Colb}', hosemen ; Curtis Harmon, A. Underhill, axemen ; David Bonney, James French, torch-lKjjs. The sixth engine in Brunswick was the "Kennebec No. 1." It was bought in 1875. 18 274 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In 1836 the village of Brunswick was created a corporation, by an act of the legislature, and im^ested with power " to raise money for the purchase, repair and preservation of one or more fire-engines, hose, or other apparatus for the extinguishment of fire, for the con- struction of reservoirs and aqueducts for procuring of water, and for organizing and maintaining Avithin the limits of said territory an efficient fire department. The officers were a supervisor, clerk, treasurer, prudential committee of three, and from five to nine fire- wardens. At a meeting of this corporation, held in November. 1836, a com- mittee was appointed " to devise ways and means for protecting the village against fire." This committee reported in favor of building eighteen brick cisterns, circular, and about twelve feet in diameter and fourteen feet deep. They also recommended the purchase of a double-chambered engine for raising the water from the cisterns and conveying it to difierent parts of the village. How far these recommendations were carried out is not known. In 1875 the town purchased the two and a half inch iron pipe which had been laid by the Compressed Air Company, from the bridge to the railroad station. It was connected with the force pump of the Pulp Company, and was found to throw a powerful stream of water for a long distance, through two hundred feet of hose. The following was the condition of the fire department of Bruns- wick, in March, 1876. The number of engines was three, viz., the " Niagara, No. 3," " Pro- tector, No. 4," and " Kennebec, No. 1." The '" Niagara " was built bv Hunneman & Co., of Boston, in 1870. The diameter of its cylinder is five and three fourths inches. It is a first-class machine and is provided with folding brakes. The " Pro- tector" was built b}- Hunneman & Co. in 1852. The diameter of its cylinder is fi\e inches. The '' Kennebec" was made by Button & Son of Waterford, New York, in 1867. The diameter of its cjdinder is ten inches. There were at this time twenty-three reservoirs in good con-, dition. The first engine in Topsham was purchased about 1810 by private individuals. In 1813 an effort was made to induce the town to take c'large of it, but the town voted " not to accept " the gift. The next 3'ear, however, it was generousl}' voted to accept it, ^'- j^rovided the town should never be at any expense either for the purchase or repairs.'' The town did, however, in 1826, vote, without any reservation, to FIRKS AND FIRE COMPANIES. 275 accept and take care of this engine. Like tlie first engine in Bruns- wick, this one was a small affair, and ha 1 to be filled by buc.vets. The earliest fire compan}- established in Topsham, of which there is any record, was the Lincoln Fire Club. The exact date of its organization is not known, but the regulations of the club were printed in 1829. It may, however, have been in existence for some years previoush*. According to their regulations, the club met four times a year, on the first Tuesdays of January-, April, July, and October. Whoever was absent the whole evening was fined twent}'- five cents, and if any member left the meeting without the express consent of the club he was fined twenty-five cents also. The otlicers were a chairman, secretar}', and treasurer. In order to be eligible for membership, one must be proposed at a pre^'ious meeting and receive three fourths of the ballots of those present on the night of his election. He must also pay in the sum of one dollar as an admis- sion fee. Honorary members were elected in the same way, but wei-e exempt from all assessments and fines. Each member was required, within three months after his admission to the club, to furnish himself with two good leathern fire-buckets, holding at least ten quarts each. The fire hooks and ladders were under the control of and were probably OAvned h\ this club. From there being no other officers than those mentioned, it would appear as though this club had nothing to do with Engine No. 1 . At the annual meeting in 1850 the town appropriated $1,250 to purchase a fire-engine and other apparatus, and Nahum Perkins, Sparrow Chase, and Sandford A. Perkins were chosen a committee to make the purchase. The engine bought at this time was the " Androscoggin, No. 2." It is one of the Hunneman make, and is the only one ever bought b}' the town. It ranks No. 2 in size. It is one of the best engines of its class ever made, and the citizens of Topsham justly feel some pride in the good work it has done. The company having control of this engine was formed in 1850. The first meeting was held over the store of George 8. Holt on April 5, The first meeting for the election of officers was held April 15, at which time Sandford A. Perkins was chosen first foreman ; Varius Stearns, second foreman ; John R. Hebbard, third foreman ; David Farrar, treasurer ; A. G. Poland, clerk ; and James Maxwell, R. P. Whitney, and Eben Colby were chosen as a standing committee. At this meeting it was voted to have a uniform, consisting of a blue frock with red collar, red webbing belts, a glazed cap, and dark pants. 27G HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The constitution and by-laws of the eompany were adopted at the annual meeting on the first Monda}' in Ma}'. The compan}' at this time numbered seventy-one. June 28, 1850, the company voted to purchase an ensign. December 2, of this same year, a flag-staff was raised in front of the engine-house. July 25, 1851, the compan}- voted to attend the firemen's jubilee to be held in Hallowell on August 6. At this celebration the companj* took the prize — a sil- ver tnuDpet — as being the best engine of its class present. It also has taken several prizes since that time, at different celebrations of firemen. On March 3, 1852, the company was reorganized by the choice of the following officers : F. T. Littlefield, first director ; E. E. Max- well, second director; D. A. Hall, third director; C. G. Jaques, sec- retary ; D. A. Hall, steward. The number of members was fifty-five. The new organization appears to have been for some reason unsat- isfactor}', as in August, 1853, the company was again reorganized. In 1857, at a special town meeting held December 28, it was voted, " To authorize the selectmen to pay each man (not to exceed sixty in number) who shall faithfully perform his duty, twelve and a half cents per hour for his services while at fires, so long as there may be a well- organized fire company in Topsham village." The selectmen were also authorized to offer a reward of fifty dollars for the detection of incendiaries. In 18G0 the town forbade the compan}' to take the engine out of town, except for fires and upon July the Fourth. In 1869 the town voted to buy two hundred feet of hose, and to pay the members of the engine company twenty-five cents per hour when in active service. There was never a fire-engine or a fire company in Ilarpswell. Fire-wardens are chosen hy the town annuall}", and the citizens gen- erall}' are provided with buckets, etc., to protect their own property. The population of Ilai-pswell is so scattered that an engine would be of no sarvice to a large majority of the people. COURTS AND 2 RIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS 277 CHAPTER VII. COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS. The earliest court ever held in this vicinity was the one held, in 1G54, at the house of Thomas Ashle}', which has alread}- been men- tioned. The meeting held at his house was for the purpose of organ- ization merel}', and there is no evidence that Thomas Purchase, who was appointed at that time an assistant to the commissioner, ever tried any cases. The laws and regulations adopted at this meeting, however, are sufficiently interesting to warrant their insertion here in a condensed form. They were as follows :• — 1. All capital crimes, such as treason, murder, witchcraft, arson, rape, and adultery, were to be tried by the General Court at New Plymouth. 2. All other crimes were within the jurisdiction of the commissioner or the assistant. Theft was punishable b}^ the restitution b}' the offender of three or four times the value stolen. Drunkards were fined five shillings on conviction for the first offence, ten shillings for the second, and for the third were put in the stocks. The punish- ment for Sabbath-breaking was left at the discretion of the assistant. For selling liquor to the Indians, the punishment for the first offence was the forfeiture of double, and for the second offence, of four times the value sold, or if the transgressor was a stranger, a fine of either £10 or £20. 3. All fishing and fowling were expressl}' continued free to every inhabitant. All actions between part3' and part}' were to be tried before a juiy of twelve men ; but no civil cause above £20 ster- ling was triable in the local courts without the consent of both parties. From this time until the province of Lygonia came under the juris- diction of Masssachusetts, there is reason to suppose that all minor offences were tried — if tried at all — b}' Thomas Purchase, a magis- trate under the authorit}' of the New Pl^ymouth Colon}- (1652). In 1660 all legal cases in this vicinity were tried at York. No cases of trial of persons from this vicinity, prior to 1722, have 278 HISTOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARP SWELL. been discovered. This 3-ear the case of John Giles, of Brunswick, gentleman, vs. John Goddanl, of Roxburv, gentleman and cord- wainer, is recorded. The plaintitf let the defendant a horse, with bridle and saddle, at the beginning of June, 1722, and by order of the plaintitf, one Robert Dunning, soon after, in the same month, deliv- ered the said horse, at Falmouth, to the defendant, which the de- fendant promised to deliver to the plaintitf at Roxburj-, or to his order, with bridle and saddle, of value of £12; yet the defi'udant, though often requested, never delivered to the said i)laintitf, horse, bridle, or saddle. The jury brought in a verdict for plaintiff of £8 damage, and cost of court, against the said John Goddard.' The next case met with occurred in 172G, when Captain William Woodside was tried by a committee appointed by Governor Dummer for cheating the Indians in trade, and otherwise defrauding them. Some of the charges were proved against him, and he was reipiired to make ample remuneration, acknowledge his fault, and give assurance that he would defraud them no more.^ Mr. John Minot was appointed a magistrate and chief justice of the Court of Common Sessions under George II about the year 1730 or 1732. An old account-book of his has been preserved, which contains on its blank leaves an account of some cases tried by him in 1732, which are here presented to the reader: — " Y ss. To TUE Sherrif of y'^ County of York his under Suerrif /^ or Deputy Greeting. " Whereas Complaint upon Oath hath bin made before me by Sam' Boone of Northyarmouth in ye County of York that some time past he had Stole and Carried away from Merry coneag neck a l)lack Cow with a white face and also Stole and carried away from Chebeag Island three Calves one being a Bull Calf the other a Stear and the other a heffer Calfe, which were mark'd with a Cross in the left ear and a slit in it and a tlower Dlue in y^ right ear — These are there- fore in his JNIaj'*' name to require you to make Diligent Search after said Cattle if they ma}- be found in your precinct and them safely to keep in your Custody maiking a returne of these your proceedings to me or some other of his Maj'" .Justice of y^ peace in said County that the Affair ma}' be Examined into, and the partyes with whom said Cattle ma}' be found may be dealt with according to law — you are also hereby required to Summons Moses Gatchell, Hannah Smith, 1 York County Records, C. C. P., Vol. 7, p. 88. 2 McKeeu, MSi>. Lecture. COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS. 279 W™ Woodside Jas. Malcum and Eliz* Malcum to give P2vidence relating to this Affair hereof j'ou are not to fail given under my hand and Seal the 16th day of Aug*' 1732. " [t^oppy.] " Jn" Mixot. "THE RETURNE. " Brunswick, Aug«t 20'h 1732. " Having made search after the within mentioned Cattle this may certifye that I have found and taiken up three .young Cattle uppon Suspision whicli were in the hands of Cap' Will™ AVoodside which I have taken into Custod}'. " Ebenezer Stanwood, D. Sherrlff. "THE JUDGUEXT "Y 88 "Brunswick, Auk 218' 1732 " Sam'' Boon Phnit. and Will" Woouside Defend. "Having issued out a warrant to search for severall Cattle that Sam' Boone uppon Oath Swore he lost at Chebeag Isl. &, Merryconeage neck and having Suinmous'd Sundiy witnesses as by said warrant will appear, I have Examined said witnesses uppon Oath (the}' all having veiw'd the Cattle) whether the}' knew them Cattle to be Mr. Boons which the}' all deny to have any knowledge of saving M" Malcum who says she remembers something of one of them but not perfecktly so as to give her Oath to it. I find therefore Cost for said Boon to pay and have ordered the Cattle to be Delivered to the said Wil"" Woodside again, " [Coppy] " Jno. Minot J. T." Notice of complaint of James Smith against Anthony Vincent for calling his wife Hannah Smith improper names. " The Complaint of Hannah Smith against Will™ ]\[ackness in behalfe of our Soveraign Lord the King that shee goes in Dainger of her Life." "The Complaint of Will™ Mackness against James Smith and his wife Hannah that he lives in dainger of his Cattle and Substance that they will be destroyed by them they using threatening words to kill their piggs &c. and that they will burn his house. " [Signed] " John Minott." No other records of Judge Minot's cases*have been met with. At the October term of the Court of General Sessions in 1743 the selectmen of the town of Brunswick made a complaint against Isaac 280 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. Snow, "in manner following, viz., that Isaac Snow of Brunswick aforesaid, husbandman, the thirtieth da}' of August, 1743, at a legal town meeting held at Brunswiclc aforesaid, was chosen one of the constables for said town for the year 1743, who was legally- notified thereof, but refused either to take the oath of a constable or to pay the fine for not serving as a constable." After a full hearing by the court the case was decided in favor of the defendant, and the com- plainants were charged with the costs. At the April term of the same court, in 1744, committees were appointed l)y the court " to inform against and prosecute the violators of an act made in the seventeenth 3'ear of his Majesty's reign, entitled ' an act to prevent the great injur}' and injustice arising to the inhab- itants of this province by the frequent and very large emissions of bills of public credit in the neighboring goverimients.' . . . And Messrs. William Woodside, Peter Cooms, David Dunning, Samuel Ilinkley and James Thompson, Inhabitants of the Town of Brunswick in said County, Avere appointed by said Court to the oflSce aforesaid." At the April term of the Court of General Sessions for Cumberland Count}', in 1765, William Hasty, of Harpswell, was fined ten shiUings " for sailing his coasting schooner in Quohog Bay to the open sea, the space of three miles, on the Lord's day." At the same term of court, William Blake, of Harpswell, was fined ten shillings, and costs, £1 5s. 4d., for neglecting to attend public worship for the space of two months. About this time, probably the next year, John Orr, of Mair Point, accused Captain AVilliam Woodside of cheating the Indians " by sell- ing them brass rings for gold rings," and the case was informalhj tried by the judges of the Court of Sessions in a dining-room at Falmouth. Woodside was acquitted, made friends with Orr, and having just obtained his commission as a justice of the peace for Cumberland County, he " stood treat " for the court. In those old times physical punishment was often made use of towards oflfenders. The whipping-post and the stocks were found in every settlement and generally in close proximity to the meeting-house. These implements of the law were, doubtless, at the time they were in vogue, of great service in restraining the evil-intentioned from com- mitting many misdemeanors and minor crimes, and although the ob- jections to their use are many and serious, yet one is tempted to believe that their occasional use fnight be fraught with good even in these days. The punishments by means of these implements were inflicted by the constables, in accordance with the sentence of the selectmen, COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS. 281 when there was no justice of the peace, or other magistrate, to give sentence. Pettj' crimes, in which the damage did not exceed forty shillings, came under their cognizance. No account has been pre- served of an}' stocks or whipping-post in Topsham. The only refer- ence in regard to Harpswell is the indictment of that town, in the April term of the Court of Sessions for 1769, " for not being supplied with stocks against the Peace of the Lord, the King and the law of the Province." The selectmen appeared, and after a full hearing, the attorney for the king decided he would not further prosecute. Possi- bly the selectmen promised to provide these necessary- instruments of correction thereafter. Frequent allusion is, however, made to the stocks in the Brainswick records. In the latter town they are said to have stood a short dis- tance back of the old west meeting-house. The whipping-post was about a foot square, sharpened at the top like a picket, and the sharpened part was painted red. At the time stocks and whipping-posts were used, many towns had also a ducking-stool, and at one time all towns in Massachusetts were, by law, required to have one. No account, however, has been found of any in this vicinity. This implement of punishment consisted of an upright post, with a cross-piece, from which was suspendetl a seat. The arm could be swung out over the water, and the occupant of the seat could thus be easil}' ducked. It was used more especially for the punishment of scolding v)ives. The following description of the stocks actually used in Brunswick is from the pen of a former minister of Harpswell : " They consisted of two upright posts of oak, set in foot-pieces of the same material, and strongly braced. Between them was secured a thick plank, set on one edge, rising up a short dis- tance from the ground. The posts above this were grooved, and in these another plank was inserted, which could be raised or lowered. In the lower edge of this were arched holes, just large enough to fit a per- son's legs above the ankle. In the top edge of this plank were hollows to receive the wrists, while another came down upon it to secure them. The criminal was made to sit on the ground and place his legs in the hollows of the lower plank, when the upper one was let down by the constable, and locked with a ke}', as a door. Sometimes this was the onl}' punishment ; at other times both hands and feet were put in, 282 HHiTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. when the officer, putting the key in his pocket, left the prisoner exposed to sun, wind, and rain." ^ The onl}^ person in this place known to have been punished b}' being put in the stocks was one Jenny Eaton. When Deacon Stan wood's house was torn down, Mr. James Dunning found an old document pur- porting to be a decision upon the trial of this individual. She had permitted the embrace of a man named Rogers, on the promise of some sugar, tea, and coffee. The man failed to keep his word, she averred, and she therefore entered a complaint against him, and the case was tried before Esquire Woodside. The plaintiff could not prove the charge, and the magistrate gave the following verdict : "That Jenny Eaton be stretched upon the public stocks and rotten eggs thrown at her b}' the passing spectators for abfaming the character of an innocent man.""^ Some time, probably between 1752 and 1770, one Ann Conner committed suicide by hanging herself from a pine-tree. The magis- trates ordered (old Roman law) that she be buried where four roads met, and a stake be driven through her body. It was done on the Harpswell road a little way south of the college. It is said that, although it was in force at that time, this was probably the only instance when the law was put into execution in this country.^ Cumberland Count}' was set off from York County in 1760, and, as a matter of course, a new county court was soon established. The first grand jurors drawn for this count}' from Brunswick were Isaac Snow and John Orr ; from Harpswell, Thomas McGregor and John Hall. At the June term of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace, held at Pownalborough in 1777, Mr. John Merrill, of Topsham, took his place on the bench as one of the justices. He officiated in that capacity as late as 1783, but no records of any cases tried before him have come to hand. In 1783 James Hunter, Esquire, George White, John Reed, Wil- liam Malcom, all of Topsham, and John Lemont, Esquire, Samuel Lemout, Esquire, William Swanton, George Andrews, and Stephen Sampson, the two latter blacksmiths, all of Bath, were bound over to the court to answer to the charge of breaking open the jail at Pow- nalborough, and for rescuing two prisoners who were lawfully com- mitted. They, were tried, and each sentenced to pa}' a fine of six shillino-s and costs. 1 The Sophomores of Radcliffe. Kellogg. 2 Pejepscot Papers. 8 Pejepscot Papers. McKeen , MSS. Lecture. COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS. 2^3 At the Ma}- tenn of the court for Cumberland County, the next 3'ear, Isaac Rolf, of Brunswick, was sentenced ^o pay a fine of £7 10s., and to receive five stripes on his naked back, for stealing five sheep. If he returned any of the sheep, " the owner was to restore him back one fold, the fine being treble value of the property stolen." In 1796 a Commissioner's Court was held in an old red school- house, which stood near the lower end of the Mall, in Brunswick. It was held to consider the respective claims of the Plymouth and Pejep- scot proprietors. Governor SulUvan and other distinguished persons were present. This building was afterwards moved away and placed on the bank of the cove, near the building where General A. B. Thompson afterwards had an office, and which is now a factory boarding-house . In 1800 terms of the Court of Common Pleas for Lincoln County were appointed to be holden in Topsham, and on the ninth of Septem- ber of that year the court opened there for the first time.^ It is said that this first court was held in an unfinished house belonging to a Mr. Sprague, the Court House not being finished until some time the next year. Mr. James Wilson, father of the James Wilson now liv- ing, gave the land for it, for a term of jears. Few cases of impor- tance, affecting the citizens of the three towns, were ever tried in it, but such as have been found will be given in the proper order. December 24, 1822, a military court was held at Brunswick for the trial of Lieutenant-Colonel David Stauwood. Jt will be referred to hereafter, in another connection. At the May term of the court, held in Portland in 1823, one Pat- rick Cole, of Brunswick, was convicted of manslaughter, and was sen- tenced to undergo six months of solitary imprisonment and four years at hard labor. In 1824 the selectmen of Brunswick were authorized by the town to erect forthwith a House of Correction on the town lot in the village, and one hundred and fifty dollars was appropriated. This building, which to judge from its cost could have been nothing more than a lock- up, stood where the poorhouse used to be, back of the present residence of Mr. Robert Bowker. At the August term of the Court of Common Pleas, at Topsham, in 1825, Honorable John Dole, a justice of the Court of Sessions for Lin- coln County, was tried on a charge of slander against Samuel H. Clark, of Jefferson, the former having charged the latter with having com- ^ Jonathan Ellis's Diary. 2S4 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. mitted adulter}- and other such crimes. Verdict for plaintiff. Dam- ages, $1,058. In 1826 five persons were brought before Charles R. Porter, a jus- tice of the peace, of Topsham, on suspicion of having set fire to the barn of a Mr. Millet, of Bowdoin. Four of them were discharged, but the fifth, Reuben Jones, was bound over for trial before the Su- preme Judicial Court, to be held at Wiscasset. This 3'ear a case was tried in the Court of Common Pleas, of Cum- berland County, of considerable interest. It was the First Parish of Brunswick vs. Joseph McKeen, on a plea of trespass. The First Par- ish had erected a fence from the meeting-house to the corner of what is now Cleaveland Street, claiming the land enclosed as belonging to the parish. Mr. McKeen caused the fence to be torn down, and the parish thereupon prosecuted him for trespass. His defence was that the Harpswell road was laid out in the rear of the church, and had always been used as such until fenced by the parish. On the other side, the parish claimed that the Harpswell road came out south of the church . The case was carried to the Supreme Judicial Court, and was there decided in favor of the defendant. Packard and Longfellow were the counsel for the plaintiffs, and Orr and Greenleaf for the defendants. In 1827 a case was tried at Topsham which excited considerable local attention at the time, on account of the character and standing of the parties, and the questions involved. The case was that of General Samuel Veazie vs. Henry Jewell, both of Topsham. It was an action for damages on account of assault and batter^-, brought, in reality, to test the ownership of property. The facts in the case seem to be as follows : Messrs. Henry Jewell, Stephen Jewell, Gardner Green, Samuel Perkins, and Nahum Perkins owned the " Great Mills " and the ground under the same. Four undi- vided fourteenth parts of the land (a bed of rocks) was within twent}- four feet of this mill, on the south side below the dam, which was OMued b}' Gardner Green, Ezekiel Thompson, James Thompson, and Mary Thompson, the three last being heirs of Brigadier Thompson. General Veazie, without permission from Green or the Thompsons, and against their wish, attempted to la}' the foundation of a saw-mill, and collected several sticks of timber and placed them under the floor of a mill-shed on the premises claimed by Green and others. Thereupon Jewell, by direction of Green and the Thompsons, in order to compel him to desist and to leave the premises, threw slabs, and afterwards emptied buckets of water upon Veazie and his workmen. Veazie defended himself with an axe-haft and a pitchfork, and for a while a serious COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS. 285 quarrel was threatened. Veazie at length desisted from his attempt, and this suit was ultimately brought to test the respective rights of the two parties to the bed of rocks. Veazie had purchased the right to it from some of the heirs of Brigadier Thompson, but not from those mentioned. The case was decided against Veazie. This deci- sion, though undoubted]}- a just one, in all proba1)ility was a cause of depriving the towns of Brunswick and Topsham of the services of one who afterwards did so much for the manufacturing interests of Bangor and the neighboring towns upon the Penobscot. The above-mentioned affra}' occurred February 5, 1827. Jn November, 1829, one Patrick Kincaid, of Brunswick, was fined by the Supreme Judicial Court $1,100 and costs, for breach of prom- ise to a young lady whom he had engaged to wed, — a warning, it doubtless proved, to all bachelors, hereabouts, of inconstant minds. In 1843 occurred the trial, at Portland, of Thomas Thorn and Mrs. Lois Wilson, for the murder of Mr. Elisha Wilson, of Harpswell. The Tacts of this case were as follows : — In 1840, Thomas Thorn came to Great Island, Harpswell, from New York, to visit his sister, the Widow D3'er. He remained in Harpswell during the summer, and while there he made the acquaint- ance of a young lady named Lois Alexander, with whom he became quite intimate. He, however, left town and did not return until earh* in the winter of 1842-43. In the mean time, Miss Alexander had married Elisha Wilson, and Mrs. Djer had married Elisha's brother Benjamin. On his return, Thorn went to Elisha Wilson's, where he remained. On the morning of the fifth of February, 1843, between the hours of three and four, Mr. Samuel Toothaker was aroused by Thorn, who told him that Elisha had fallen out of his bed in the night, in a fit, and was dead. Toothaker immediately repaired to the house, and found Wilson dead, and to all appearances as if he had been so for some hours. Some bedclothes, which had been washed and car- ried up stairs wet, at once aroused suspicion of foul pla}'. An inquest was held, and Thorn and Mrs. Wilson were apprehended, and bound over to the April term of the Supreme Court, at Portland, at which time they were indicted for the murder by the grand jury, and were tried. Mrs. Wilson was acquitted, but Thorn was convicted and sen- tenced to be hung. His sentence was afterwards commuted to imprisonment for life. He was taken to the State prison, where he remained for over thirt}' ^-ears. A few 3'ears ago, on account of his good behavior while in prison and his failing health, he was pardoned, and returned to New York, where he was recently living. The fol- 286 insTOKY OF Brunswick, topsham, and eabpswell. lowing letter, which had been passed to Thorn wrapped up in a piece of tobacco, was produced at the trial : — " poor lois i pity you and my hart akes for you and you must mind when you Come to Cort and clear me if you dont tha will hang me and 30U must mind how 3-ou talk i will wright to you once in fore days i whant to see you once more and then if you dont clear me i shall be willing to d}' fore 3"ou i want you to write back." This letter, with the piece of tobacco, are, it is said, on file in the clerk of court's office in Portland. In 1847, Topsham ceased to be a half-shire town, and Mr. Jonah Morrow was appointed by the court a committee to sell the Topsham Court House. He did so, and reported the amount received for the building to be nine hundred and ten dollars ; and for the furniture, eleven dollars and fort^'-seven cents. The bell was reserved to be afterwards disposed of as might be directed b}^ the coinit}' commis- sioners. The state of morals among the young in Brunswick must have been rather low about this time, as the town in 1849 passed the following resolution : — " Whereas it is currently reported that boys and other persons are in the habit of visiting the mills and other places near the water on the Sabbath, for the purpose of gambling, voted, that the selectmen employ a suitable person to see that the Sabbath and the laws of the State arc not violated ; also, to stop the pla^'ing at ball or flying of kites in the streets." In 1850 the legislature passed an Act, approved August 28, entitled " An Act to establish a Municipal Court in the town of Brunswick, in the county of Cumberland." At a meeting of the town subsequent to the passage of this Act, it was voted to accept its provisions and to establish such a court. In April, 1855, Charley Crips, of Topsham, was indicted before the grand jury at Bath for the murder of his wife in the fall of the previous 3-ear. He caused her death b}' beating her with a club. He was tried before the Supreme Judicial Court at Bath, in the Septeml)er follow- ing, and was convicted of manslaughter, and was sentenced to the State prison for life. He was pardoned b}- the governor before the expiration of his sentence. This year there were numerous burglaries committed in Topsham, but the perpetrators of them were not discovered. On Monday night, November 9, of this year, Eliphalet Berry, ot Topsham, was murdered near Perkins's lumber-shed on "■ the island." COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS 287 He and several others had been to Brunswick and were returning home, intoxicated, with a jug of rum. A difficulty arose between Beny and David Y. Dudley in regard to the possession of the jug. They both disappeared for a few minutes, and Dudlej' returned alone. Berry was soon found a short distance ofl' in a djing condition, having lieen stablied to the heart. Dudley was tried before the vSupreme Judicial Court at Bath in 1858, and on September 4, the jur}' in the case brought in a verdict of manslaughter, and he was sentenced to five years of hard labor in the State prison. He was pardoned for good behavior before the expiration of his term of service. In 1875, John Miller, of Birch Island, opposite Mair Point, was con- victed of manslaughter and sentenced to the State prison for life. Miller was abusing his wife. His son interfered and his father shot him. Miller is a descendant of Reverend John Miller, a former minister of the First Parish in Brunswick. It will be seen from the foregoing accounts that Topsham suffers from rather an unenviable reputation, for so small a town, on account of the number of persons it has had of marked homicidal proclivities. Besides those already mentioned, two other persons from this town, a Mr. Clough and Heur}' Richards, have suffered the penalty of the law for murders committed by them elsewhere. Notwithstanding this unpleasant fact, it is believed that the integrity of its business men and the general character of its citizens for morality, justness, and tem- perance will compare favorably" with that of other similar communities of even a larger population. Of late years but few trials, except of minor importance, of any of the citizens of either of the three towns, have been had, and but few crimes of importance have occurred here. MEMBERS OP THE BAR. The earliest lawyer in Brunswick is said to have been a man by the name of Hobbs, who is described as a shrewd, smart man, but not very well educated. Next to him came Peter O. Alden, who was admitted to the Cumberland bar in 1797. He was the only lawj-er in town for the remainder of that century- and for several years in the present one. He continued to practise his profession until his death in 1843, but his business was very small for man}^ years previous to his death. 1 After Alden came Henry Putxam, who practised law in Brunswick '^See Biography, 288 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARP8WELL. from 1806 to 1823, or thereabouts. His practice was not extensive. From 1807, Isaac Gates, for .a few years only, practised law in tliis town. David Stanwood, of the class of 1808, Bowdoin College, studied law for one year with Peter O. Alden, then with Benjamin Hasey for one year, and afterwards one 3'ear with Samuel Thatcher. He was admitted to the bar in 1811, and removed from Brunswick in 1833, Ebenezek Everett commenced the practice of his profession in Brunswick in 1817, from which time to 1828 he was also cashier of the Union Bank. He afterwards devoted his whole time to his pro- fession until 1858, when the infinnities of age compelled him to retire from its active duties. He had a large practice and was deemed a very excellent counsellor. ' Robert P. Dunlap ^ was in practice from 1818 nntil about 1830, when he entered into politics and gave up his law bnsiness. Benjamin Orr^ moved to Brunswick from Topsham about 1822, and continued in practice until his death, in 1828, He was one of the most eminent lawyers in the State, Charles Packard ^ had a remunerative practice in town between the years 1825 and 1834, at which latter date he entered upon a course of study for the ministry, Phineas Barnes practised law in town between 1839 and 1841. He was likewise a (;ashier of one of the banks at the time. Leonard P. Merrill ^ was In the practice of the law, for a few years, about 1845. William G. Barrows, now judge of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, practised law in Brunswick from 1842 to 18G3. Henry Orr commenced the practice of his profession in town in 1850, and has pursued it up to the present time. In 1853 he was appointed by Governor Crosbj' a judge of the Municipal Court. J, D, Simmons also practised here from 1850 to 1870, From 1859 until 1861, George Barron and Edward Thompson, the latter of the class of 1856, Bowdoin College, followed the practice of law in partnership. Mr. Thompson entered the arm}' in 1861, and since then Mr. Barron has practised alone. Since 1871, Mr. Weston Thompson has been a practising lawj'er in town. The first lawyer to settle in the town of Topsham was Benjamin Hasey, 1 P^squire. He commenced practice in June, 1794, and con- tinued it for man}' years, but abandoned its active duties for some 1 See Biography. COURTS AND TRIALS, CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, LAWYERS. 289 time before his death. His offlee was at first in a small building which stood just south of the Bank building. It was afterwards removed to the northeast corner of Summer and Main Streets, where he continued to occupj' it for man^- 3'ears. Still later his office was over the bank. In 1801, Benjamin Orr commenced practice here. His office was over T. G. & N. Sandford's store, in the building where Mountford's shop is now. He removed to Brunswick about 1822, and was suc- ceeded by his brother, Robert ''Orr, who i)ractised there until his death, in 1829. During the latter j-ear Moses E. Woodman opened an office in the building formerly occupied b}- Nathaniel Green as a post-office and Registry of Deeds. He remained for a few years only. In 1843, John W. Davis was practising law in Topsham. When he first came, or how long he remained, has not been ascertained. The town of Harpswell can boast of never having a professional lawyer settled within its limits. There were, of course, trial justices, but never any lawjers. The first justice of the peace in this town, that is now remembered, was Benjamin Dunning. I'j 210 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. CHAPTER VIII. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. TAVERNS IN BRUNSWICK. Without doubt, the first public house in this vicinitj' was established in the year 1740. On the twenty-ninth of October of that year, at a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, application having been pre- viously made for encouragement on the part of the proprietors to some suitable person to erect a house for the entertainment of travel- lers on Brunswick Plain, at the place where the North Yannouth and several other roads met, it was voted, " That a tract of Land be granted to such person as shall be approved of by the Committee of the proprietors, he gi\ing security for the faithfull and seasonable performance thereof." ^ This offer was undoubtedly accepted by some one, and there is reason to believe it was by Robert Spear, who kept a tavern a little west of the old meeting-house, between the j-ears 1744 and 1760, perhaps later. This inn was also a garrison house, protected b}' a timber fortification, and soldiers were kept in it b^^ the government, for the safety of travellers, as well as for the protection of the citi- zens. It was used as a public house after the Spanish or Fifth Indian War had terminated, in 1748. Town meetings were frequently held in this inn in cold weather, and here, on Sunday-, the people were wont to congregate for lunch and grog.'^ The next inn, in point of time, was the one kept, about 1750, by James Thompson.^ This was on the farm at New Meadows, where Bartlett Adams now lives. It was afterwards, it is said,'' kept by his son. Brigadier Thompson, until he removed to Topsham, about 1784. It was certainl}' kept either by the Brigadier or some one of that family as late as 1780.^ About 1762, Samuel Coombs was licensed as an innholder.6 "^Pejepscot Recordx. '^ McKeen, MSS. Lecture, and elsewhere. 3 McKeen, MSS. Lecture. He was licensed in 17G1 hij the Cowt of General Sessions for Lincoln County. * Peter Jordan. 5 Low's Almanac, 1780. o Coiirt Records, Portland. TAVEKNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 291 In 1764 1 a man by the name of Ross kept a tavern, which tradition places near the site of the present dwelling of Mr. Rnfus Jordan, on the Maquoit road, a short distance north of the Morse road. This inn was certainl}' kept as late as 1777.^ As earl}- as 1767, Benjamin Stone kept a tavern in or near the fort, as is plainly shown by the following extract from the field-book of the company who made the survey of Bakerstown, now Minot, November, 1767. A part of the company, wishing to visit Brunswick, hired a boat, and on Wednesday, November 25, 1767, about " ten of the clock, started, and after rowing about three hours over a calm l»ay, covered with abundance of wild fowl (we) arrived at the head of Maquoit Bay at the house of Squire Woodside. . . . From Maquoit, we traA-elled three and a half miles to Brunswick Fort, which is founded on a rock, and built in an exact and regular manner, of stone and lime, in a four-square form, with two bastions on two of the cor- ners, defended by two wooden towers or watch-boxes. This day fair weather. Here we lodged this night, and a pretty good house of entertainment is kept by Benjamin Stone." From the foregoing, it would appear that Mr. Stone was at this time keeping a public house inside the fort, where tradition says there was a comfortable, two-story house, but it is possible, though not probable, that this tavern was outside, but near the fort, and that the allusion in the foregoing extract to " Brunswick Fort" referred to the settlement around it as much as to the fortification itself. Stone is known to have kept tavern near the Brunswick Falls as late as 1799.3 About 1776, later rather than earlier, a Mr. Curtis is said to have kept a tavern where Thomas Grouse now lives, near where the rail- road crosses the New Meadows River.'* This house was kept as an inn as late as 1791. The house owned and occupied by the late Doctor John D. Lincoln, which was built in 1772, w^as kept by Captain John Dunlap as a pub- lic house a portion of the time between then and 1800.^ In 1796 or 1797, Talleyrand, the distinguished French priest and political character, visited this country. He landed at Castine, and on his way to Boston he passed through Brunswick, and spent the greater part of the daj- at this house. ^ Where the post-office and engine-house now stand on Maine Street, ^Nathaniel Ames's Almanac, 1764. ^Farmers' Almanac, 1777. 3 Nathaniel Low's Almanac, 1799. * Peter Jordan. Low's Almanac, 1791. ^ McKeen, in Brunswick Teleyraph. ^Ihid. , 292 HISTOUY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. there was formerly a building which was for many years a tavern, and was known, a part of the time, as Washington Hall. It was built by David Dunning about 1772, and was occupied by him for some years as a private residence. It was afterwards occupied by his son John, who kept a tavern there until 1807, when David Owen bought it and put on a large addition in front, using the old building as an L. Here Owen kept a tavern until about 1812, when Isaac O. Robertson took it and occupied it as an inn until 1815. The latter was succeeded by Russell Stoddard, who remained about two years. Ebenezer Nichols, who had been keeping tavern directly opposite, then took it, and Stoddard moved to a building where the Tontine now stands. Nichols continued as landlord until his death, in 1S24, and his widow carried on the business until 1827, when she moved back across the street to the building her husband had previously occupied. While she kept this inn it was called " Mrs. Nichols's Inn." AVilliam Hodgkins moved from the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets into this Washington Hall building when Mrs. Nichols left it. Here he re- mained for a few 3'ears. After it was vacated by him it was occupied as a tenement house and for business purposes, till it was burned, in 1856. ^ In 1799 2 a Mr. Chase kept a tavern which tradition places on the Captain William Woodside place, at Bunganock Landing. The old tavern which stood in the northwest corner of the college 3^ard,best known as Moorhead's Tavern, was built in 1802 by Eben- ezer Nichols, but was not finished or occupied until early in 1803. Nichols was landlord of it until 1809. During this time it was the principal public and stage house in the town. Mr. Nichols was suc- ceeded, in 1810, b}^ Colonel T. S. Estabrook, who continued in it for some years. After Estabrook left it, a man b}' the name of Coffin took it, and kept it until 1818, when he sold out to Isaac Dow. The latter kept it until 1820, when he committed suicide. In September of this year it was offered for sale. It was occupied at tliat time by William Hodgkins. The advertisement stated that it had '' six rooms on the lower floor, some large and well furnished ; a spacious and con- venient hall, a good cellar and never-failing well. The ai)purteuauces are a large, well-finished stable, with other out-buildings ; a good garden of more than an acre." ^ Whether the house was sold at this time is not known, but in 1825 Alexander Moorhead was the proprietor. About the year 1831, 1 Dean Swift, Samuel Dunning, and other old residents. ^ Low's Almanac, 1799. ^ Maine Intelliyencer, 1820. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC BALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC 293 Moorhead retired from business, removed from town, and engaged in farming. He was succeeded by John L. Seavey, who kept the house for two or three years. The latter was succeeded by James Elhot, who was proprietor until 1839, at which time Mr. Moorhead returned to Brunswick and again assumed the management of this public house. Moorhead continued to keep it until 1842, when the building was pur- chased by the trustees of Bowdoin College. It was taken down in 1847 and rebuilt on Noble Street, and is now the residence of Mr. Jo3ce.^ A short distance west of Cook's Corner there stood for many 3'ears what was known as the Pumpkin Tavern, so called on account of its sign, which was a large ball about the size of a pumpkin, which it greatly resembled. It was a two-story house built by one Wads- worth previous to the war of 1812-14. Here he kept a pubhc house until about 1836 or 1837. It was seldom patronized b}' travellers, and was in fact more a grogger}' than a tavern. In the early part of this centmy "pumpkin taverns " were quite common, there being one in nearlj' every town, and they were all of about the same character, — the resort of the intemperate and depraved. Soon after the war of 1812-14, Ebenezer Nichols, who had formerly- kept the tavern on the hill, bought a one-story house, situated between what is now the residence of Doctor N. T. Palmer and that of the late L. T. Jackson, put a second stor}' upon it, and fitted it up for a public house. Here he kept tavern for a few 3-ears, and then moved into the Washington Hall building. About the year 1817, Russell Stoddard opened a public house, called Stoddard's Inn, in a large building which stood on the site of the present Tontine Hotel. It was built in 1803 for a store, and was occupied as such until Mr. Stoddard took it for a tavern. It was occupied hy him imtil 1825, when it passed into the hands of John Barker and Charles M. Rogers. Barker soon sold out his interest, and Rogers assumed the sole management. The building was de- stroyed h\ fire in 1827. This house during its existence was the stage office and principal public house in Brunswick. It had a hall in which entertainments of various kinds were occasionally held. Stod- dard had kept in the Washington Hall building for a jear or two previous to opening this house. 1 McKeen, in Urunswick Telegraph ; also Dean Swift, Samuel Dunning, Mrs. Lamb, and other old citizens. 294 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The dwelling-house on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets, now owned and occupied b}' Captain Alfred H. Merryman, was built by the Honorable Jacob Abbott for his residence, in 1807. At his death, in 1820, it passed into the hands of his son Jacob, who occu- pied it until 1823, when he removed to a house opposite the colleges, and this house passed into the hands of William Hodgkins, who fitted it up for a tavern, and occupied it as such from January, 1824, until some time in 1827. The house was known as Hodgkixs's Inx, and a hall which was situated in the L of the building was known as HoDGKiNs's Hall. In 1827, Hodgkins sold out to Charles M. Rogers, and moved into the Washington Hall building, which had just been vacated by Mrs. Nichols. INIr. Rogers had been burned out on the opposite side of the street, where he had been proprietor of the Stoddard House. He remained in his new quarters for about a year, when he moved to Topsham and opened the Lincoln House in November, 1828. He was succeeded in the charge of Hodgkins's Inn by John L. Seavey, who occupied it as the ]Maixe Hotel until 1830. At this time it was repaired and refitted, and Major John Stinchfield took it and kept it until 1837, at which time he bought the house now occupied by Captain Isaac L. Skolfield, and fitted it up for a public house. Mr. James Mustard then became pro- prietor of the Maine Hotel. In 1840, Mr. Mustard died. The house was then kept for two j-ears by Erastus Niles, and then for a single year b}' Joseph W. Sargent, when Mr. Niles again assumed the man- agement and kept it until 1845. James Mustard, son of the fomier landlord, took it in 184') and con- tinued until 1849, when Aaron Adams became the proprietor. While under the management of the latter, the house was known as the Pejepscot House. In 1853 a Mr. Marston became proprietor, but he died within a year, and the house passed into the hands of J. R. W. Hoitt, and was known as the American House. In 1856 it was kept as a boarding-house, called the Brunswick House, by Benjamin Libby. In 1860, John R. Dah' occupied it as a boarding-house. He was suc- ceeded, in 1861 by Tmiothy Bradley, and in 1862 by E. F. Anderson, Avho kept a public house for a short time. In 1863, Captain MerrjTnan purchased the house and fitted it up for his residence. The house and grounds were greatly improved and are now an ornament to the village. The Tontine Hotel was built in the j'ear 1828 b}' a corporation known as " The Brunswick Tontine Hotel Company." The incor- porators were Roger Merrill, David Dunlap, Benjamin Weld, Richard TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 295 T. Dunlap, and John Owen, 2d. The Act of Incorporation Umited the capital stock to " not less than $6,000 nor more than $15,000, in shares of one hundred dollars each. Among the original stockholders were Ebenezer Everett, Esquire, Doctor Isaac Lincoln, General A. B. Thompson, Colonel A. J. Stone, General J. C. Humphreys, L. T. Jackson, Caleb Gushing, R. P. Dunlap, David Shaw, George Skolfield, The Tontine Hotel. James Otis, and others. The hotel was built during the summer and fall of 1828, by Anthony C. Raymond, and was opened to the public on New Year's day, 1829. The establishment cost nearly $7,000. On the evening of January 2, the landlord. Colonel Elijah P. Pike, gave a supper to about fifty citizens of Brunswick and Topsham. The Ayidroscoggin Free Press of January 14, 1829, in a paragraph describing the building, says : — "It contains thirty apartments besides closets, store-rooms, etc., and a hall which, for elegance and spaciousness, is not surpassed in the State." ! Colonel Pike continued landlord of the hotel until 1836, when Erastus Richards leased it for two or three years. He was succeeded, in 1839, by Holland and Jacob M. Berr}-. The next year Mr. Berry assumed the sole management of the hotel, and continued its landlord until 1850, when he went to California, leaving the manage- ment of the hotel in the hands of Mr. Leonard Townsend. Mr. Berry had been in California only a few mouths when he died. The contract with Mr. Townsend having been made for a year, he contin- ued the management of the hotel until 1851, when the control of the property passed into the hands of Mr. James Berr}', a brother of Jacob. Mr. Berry at once assumed the management of the hotel, and continued landlord until 1867, when he sold out to Mr. H. B. Pinkham, 296 HISTORY OF Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. who conducted the hotel until 1875. He was succeeded by Mr. S. B. Harmon, and the latter was in 1877 succeeded by Mr. Brewster, the present landlord. From the building of the hotel till the completion of the railroad, this hotel was the stage office and the principal public house in town. Stinchfield House. — The house now owned and occupied as a residence by Captain Isaac L. Skolfield, on the corner of Maine and School Streets, was in 1837 purchased of the heirs of Honorable Ben- jamin Orr, by Major John Stinchfield, and fitted up for a public house. Major Stinchfield kept a tavern there until his death, in September, 1844. His family continued the business for a short time longer, after which the building was occupied by Mr. G. C. Swallow, who kept school in it. From the opening of this public house, in 1837, until the Moorhead tavern was sold, in 1842, there were four public houses in the tillage, viz., the Tontine, the Maine Hotel, Stincii- field's, and Moorhead's. An inn called Gatchell's Tavern was kept near Gatchell's Mills, in the southeastern part of the town, from 1837 to 1850, or thereabouts. It was kept at first by Joseph and Francis Gatchell, and after 1840 by Francis Gatchell alone. It was a famous place for " sprees," and was the resort of students and others bent upon having " a good time." William P. Storer kept a public house for three or four jears from 1837, in the western part of the town, near the Durham line, at what was then known as Storer's Corner. In 1838, Paul R. Cleaves opened a public house west of " Powder- House Hill," just bej'ond the corner of Mill and Pleasant Streets. He remained only a year or two, not receiving sufficient patronage tO waiTant his continuing the business in that location. About the year 1825, Benjamin Peterson kept a tavern on the Bath road, about a mile beyond Cook's Corner, which was known as the Half-Way House. In 1835 he bought a farm in the town of Jeffer- son, sold this taA^ern, and moved away. Probably Thomas Wheeler bought it at this time, as he kept a tavern at this place for some years prior to 1845, which alwa3-s went, with the college students, by the name of Old Wheeler's. It was a large one-story building. Like most of the public houses out of the village, it was a noted resort for carousals. In 1870, John T. Smith purchased the residence of the late Gen- eral Richard T. Dunlap, and converted it into a public house, called the BowDOiN Hotel. TAVERNH AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 297 In 1868 the building owned by Mr. Jolham Varney on Maine Street, opposite the mall, was converted into a public house, and has been occupied as such by different parties until the present time. It is now called the Brunswick House. The foregoino; comprise all the public houses known to have been kept, at any ])eriod, in Bnuiswick. The earliest public hall to which we have found any reference was the one in the tavern which stood where the post-office and engine- house are now. At first the hall was known by the name of its pro- prietor, as Owen's Hall in 1807, Robertson's Hall in 1812. It received the name of Washington Hall about the year 1815. It was for many years the only hall in which public entertainments were given. In this hall, also, private schools were taught at different times. Stone's Hall, on the corner of Maine and Mill Streets, was, in 1812 and subsequently, used for religious meetings and for other pur- poses not requiring a larger hall. Masonic Hall, on Mason Street, now the engine-house and hall of " Niagara, No. 3," was built in the year 1817, and besides being used for masonic purposes, the building has been used at different times for private schools, and, if we mistake not, for public lectures. Stoddard's Hall was in the tavern kept by Russell Stoddard in a building which occupied the site of the present Tontine Hotel, and which was destroyed by fire in 1827. Frequent allusions have been found to this hall, and it was probably large and comfortable, and adapted to the recjuirements of the town at that time. While Hodgkins kept an inn in the house, now the residence of Captain Alfred Merryman, there was a hall in the L which was known as Hodgkins Hall. In this hall religious and political meetings were sometimes held, and it was also used as a school-room, and for public entertainments. The Tontine Hall was, for many years subsequent to its erection in 1828, the principal hall in Brunswick for all sorts of public gather- ings, and it has always been a favorite place for balls and assemblies. Humphrey's Hall was over the store now occupied by Mr. Bal- com as a hardware store, and in 1841, and thereabouts, was used for dances and for public meetings, not requiring a large hall. Odd Fellows Hall was, from 1844 to 1849, over the store of John S. Gushing, where Lemont Block is now. The building was ])urned in 1849, and the Odd Fellows then went into a room over the store of A. T. Campbell, on the corner of Maine and Lincoln Streets. 300 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. From aliout 1800 to 1829, Francis Tucker kept a public house in the building which is still standing on Main Street nearly opposite the Bank building. This was for man}' years the principal public house in town. The old Gideon Walker house, which stood a few rods south of the present Walker homestead, was used as a tavern for some years in the latter part of the last century, as early as 1792 and as lately as 1803. About 1812 the Sageu House was kept by a Mr. Sager. It was situated on the northwest corner of Main and Winter Streets, where the Perkins Building is now. It was afterwards destroyed by fire. From 1822 until about 18.t5, John Jack kept a tavern in what is known as the Jack neighborhood, near the little river line. During the early part of the time there was a great deal of travel, and the house was generally full. Lewiston was then a small village, and Topsham, Brunswick, and Bath were the markets for all of the interior towns. From 1814 to 1829, Nathaniel Green was a licensed inuholder in Topsham. Between the years 1831 and 1836 he kept a public house for the accommodation of persons attending court, in the building now used by the Franklin Family School. The next j'ear, 1837, he went to Augusta, where he kept the Pahner House. Prior to 1826 a public house was kept by Sullivan Ilaynes. and in 1826 by Prince Diusmore, in a building which stood on the site of the late residence of Mr. Edwin M. Stone on Winter Street. In 1826 the house was burned. It was owned at that time by Captain Samuel Perkins. It must have been rebuilt at once, as in 1828, Charles M. Rogers, of Brunswick, took it and advertised it as the Lixcolx Hotel, "a new and commodious house." From 1830 to 1834 this tavern was kept b}' James Mustard. In 1836 it was kept by Suel and Alden Baker as the Temperance Hotel. In 1837 it was kept b}- Jeremiah Clough. In 1838 and 1839 (and probably later), b}' Aaron Crowley. Afterwards, for a short time, by a Mr. Moulton. In 1844 by Joseph C. Snow, and in 1845 b^" A. W. Hewey, during which time it again went b}' the name of the Lincoln House. After this it was kept b^' Leeman Hebberd for a while. In 1817, Thomas G. Sandford, Jonathan Baker, George F. Richard- son, Daniel E. Tucker, and Samuel Veazie were all licensed as innholders. In 1829, Daniel Dennett was a licensed innholder. His house was on the east side of Main Street, a little above the present post office. It was not much of an estabhshment. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 301 About 1845, George«Green had a tavern on the island, known as the Washingtonian House. It was afterwards called the Elm House. Several of the above-named public houses had halls attached for dancing and other puljlic purposes. Besides these there have been at different times in Topsham the following public halls : — In a building which stood on the site of the Godfrey House, on Green Street, there was a hall in which a dancing-school was kept in 1799. This house was purchased about 1804 by Reverend Jonathan Ellis. The hall had a swinging partition in it, the hinges of which were at the top. When this partition was opened it was fastened up to the ceiling by hooks and staples.^ The Court House was occasionall}' used as a public hall during the whole period of its existence. It was used for a public oration as early as 1804. At a later period it was occupied on Sundays b}'' different religious organizations, and b}- the town for many 3'ears for its annual meetings. It was also occasionally used for travelling shows and other exhibitions. At a later day the town-house, situated opposite the village burning- ground, was the principal place for public entertainments. Still later, the hall of the Sagadahoc Agricultural Society was, and now is, used for fairs, dances, etc., but it is too large for lectures or for any ordinarj'^ entertainments. Perkins Hall and White's Hall, over stores on Main Street, have been used for meetings of one kind and another, not requiring larger accommodations. The engine hall has also been used for small gatherings. Topsham has never had a hall suitable, in all respects, for public entertainments, the halls referred to being either too large or too small, and not adapted for all occasions for which a hall is required. IN HARPSWELL. About 1762, Richard Starbird and Timothy Bailey were licensed as innholders, in Harps well. A Mr. Eastman kept a sailor boarding-house on the east side of Condj^'s Point, Great Island, before and during the Revolution. The only public house on this island since that time is believed to be the Union House, which was built in 1862 by David W. Simpson, and was conducted hy him for one 3'ear. It not proving a success, he 1 Statement by Dr. Asher Ellis. 300 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. From ahout 1800 to 1829, Francis Tucker kept a public house in the Ijuilding which is still standing on Main Street nearh' opposite the Bank building. This -n-as for man}- years the principal public house in town. The old Gideon Walker house, which stood a few rods south of the present Walker homestead, was used as a tavern for some j-ears in the latter part of the last century, as earl}' as 1792 and as lately as 1803. About 1812 the Sager House was kept b}- a Mr. Sager. It was situated on the northwest corner of Main and Winter Streets, where the Perkins Building is now. It was afterwards destroyed by fire. From 1822 until about 18.t5, .John Jack kept a tavern in what is known as the Jack neighborhood, near the little river line. During the early part of the time there was a great deal of travel, and the house was generally full. Lewiston was then a small village, and Topsham, Brunswick, and Bath were the markets for all of the interior towns. ^ From 1814 to 1829, Nathaniel Green was a licensed innholder in Topsham. Between the years 1831 and 1836 he kept a public house for the accommodation of persons attending court, in the building now used by the Franklin Family School. The next year, 1837, he went to Augusta, where he kept the Palmer House. Prior to 1826 a public house was kept by Sullivan Haynes, and in 1826 by Prince Dinsmore, in a building which stood on the site of the late residence of Mr. Edwin M. Stone on AVinter Street. In 1826 the house was burned. It was owned at that time b}" Captain Samuel Perkins. It must have been rebuilt at once, as in 1828, Charles M. Rogers, of Brunswick, took it and advertised it as the Lixcolx Hotel, "a new and commodious house." I^rom 1830 to 1834 this tavern was kept by James Mustard. In 1836 it was kept by Suel and Alden Baker as the Temperance Hotel. In 1837 it was kept by Jeremiah Clough. In 1838 and 1839 (and probably later), by Aaron Crowley. Afterwards, for a short time, by a Mr. Moulton. In 1844 b}- Joseph C Snow, and in 1845 b}- A. W. Hewey, during which time it again went b}' the name of the Lincoln House. After this it was kept by Leeman Hebberd for a while. In 1817, Thomas G. Sandford, Jonathan Baker, George F. Richard- son, Daniel E. Tucker, and Samuel Veazie were all licensed as iunholders. In 1829, Daniel Dennett was a licensed innholder. His house was on the east side of Main Street, a little above the present post office. It was not much of an establishment. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 301 About 1845, George«Grecn had a tavern on the island, known as the Washingtonian House. It was afterwards called the Elm House. Several of the above-named i^ublic houses had halls attached for dancing and other ]:)ublic purposes. Besides these there have been at different times in Topsham the following public halls : — In a building which stood on the site of the Godfrey House, on Green Street, there was a hall in which a dancing-school was kept in 1709. This house was purchased about 1804 by Reverend Jonathan EUis. The hall had a swinging partition in it, the hinges of which were at the top. When this jjaitition was opened it was fastened up to the ceiling by hooks and stai)les.i The Court House was occasionall}' used as a public hall during the whole period of its existence. It was used for a public oration as early as 1804. At a later period it was occupied on Sundays by different religious organizations, and by the town for many years for its annual meetings. It was also occasionally used for travelling shows and other exhibitions. At a later da}^ the town-house, situated opposite the village burying- ground, was the principal place for public entertainments. Still later, the hall of the Sagadahoc Agricultural Society was, and now is, used for fairs, dances, etc., but it is too large for lectures or for an}' ordinary entertainments. Perkins Hall and White's Hall, over stores on Main Sti-eet, have been used for meetings of one kind and another, not requiring larger accommodations. The engine hall has also been used for small gatherings. Topsham has never had a hall suitable, in all respects, for public entertainments, the halls referred to baing either too large or too small, and not adapted for all occasions for which a hall is required. IN HARPSWELL. About 1762, Richard Starbird and Timothy Bailey were licensed as innholders, in Harps well. A Mr. Eastman kept a sailor boarding-house on the east side of Condy's Point, Great Island, before and during the Revolution. The only i)ublic house on this island since that time is believed to be the Union House, which was built in 1862 by David W. Simpson, and was conducted by him for one 3'ear. It not proving a success, he 1 Statement by Dr. Asher Ellis. 302 HJSTOIiY OF BBUXSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. gave it up and went to sea. It was bought by Robert "Watson, and in 1865 was changed to a church and parsonage, and part of the pews were sold. In 1866 or 1867, Watson bought back the pews, changed the church to a tavern again, and carried on the house for one 3"ear. In 1867, James Jewell, the present landlord, hired the house and opened it for company. In 1876, JNIoses Paul bought the house and had last summer considerable patronage. On Orr's Island there has never been a tavern or public house of any kind. In 1829, Elijah Walker was hcensed as an innholder on Ilarpswell Neck. The Mansion House was built by Alexander P. Wentworth, now of Brunswick, in 1835, and was occui)ied by him as a public house for a short time, and was then sold to John Colby, who was succeeded by others whose names have not been ascertained. Frederic W. Dear- born, of Topsham, was the last owner and landlord. The house was destroyed by fire in 1868. Mr. Charles Johnson was licensed as an innholder in 1837, but whether he had charge of this house does not appear. MAILS AND POST-OFFICES. At the time of the earlier settlements here, before the establishment of any post-oftice, letters were brought to the inhabitants h\ the coasters which plied between Maquoit and the larger towns, or b}- any chance traveller who might be jouruejing this wa}'. For a time even after the establishment of a mail-route, letters were sent by coasters as a matter of convenience. The first mail-route from Boston to the Kennebec was established a little while before the commencement of the Revolutionary war, when, for a short time, Luke Lambard carried the mail on horseback once a fortnight, leaving the letters for Brunswick and vicinity as he passed by.^ The mail was first carried between Portland and Bath, once a fortnight, b}- Richard Kimball, who went on foot and often ear-" ried the letters in his pocket. It was not until about 1800 that the mail was carried oftener than once a week.^ In 1803 there were three mails a w'eek from Boston, which arrived in Brunswick on the third day. In 18C4 it reached that place in the afternoon, and in 1805 in the morning of the second day from Boston.^ 1 Maine Historical CoUection, 2, p 219. 2 McKeen, in Brunswick Telegraph, July 30, 1853. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 303 Henr}' Mclntyre drove the first four-horse stage from Portland to Brunswick about 1803. He was living, at the age of ninety-three, at New Sharon, Maine, on April 30, 1875.^ In 1802, T. 8. Estabrook, of Brunswick (afterwards Colonel), began to carry the mail to Augusta, passing through Topsham and Litchfield. He carried it at first on horseback, leaving Brunswick every Monday. In 180G he commenced running a passenger coach twice a week. It left Brunswick on Saturday and Tuesda}' at eleven o'clock a. m., and arrived in Augusta on Sunday and Wednesday at ten a. m. Keturning. it left Augusta at noon on Sunday, and at eight a, m. on Thursday. 2 The first daily mail is thought to have commenced in 181 0.^ In 1824 " no mail from Brunswick could reach the towns on the Andros- coggin River, except i)y way of Portland and Hallowell, and not all of said towns were reached in that way ; consequently the publisher of the Baptist Herald found it necessary to establish at his own expense a weekly mail-route as far as Ja}', about forty-five miles ; passing up the west side of the river and down the east. The United States government, two years later, assumed the route and continued it until other facilities of transportation made it unnecessar}." '* In 183G a new mail-route was estabhshed between Brunswick and Turner, passing through Durham, Danville, Lewiston, and Minot. It left Brunswick at eight o'clock on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Another route was estabhshed at the same time to Lewiston, through Topsham and Lisbon. A route was also established this year between Brunswick and Harpswell. After the cars commenced to run on the Kennebec and Portland Kailroad, there was a daily mail from each end of the road, and in 1864 two mails daily were received and sent. The first post-office established in Brunswick was in 1793, and Deacon Andrew Dunning was the first postmaster. The oflEice was kept until shortly- before the death of Deacon Dunning in his dwelling on Maine Street, just north of what is now Noble Street. The estate remains in the Dunning family, but the present house is not the one in which the post-office was kept. Mr. Dean Swift distinctly remembeis being sent to Deacon Dunning's for letters, when a boy, and he says that the deacon kept them in a desk in a corner of the room, and that it was customar}- for the citizens to look over the letters themselves, * Brvnswick Telef/raph. 2 North, IHstonj of Augusta, p. 333. ^Farmers' Almanac, 1810. ■* Griffin, Press of Maine, p. 74. 304 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. and to select therefrom such as bore their address. Robert Dunning, who succeeded his father in 1801, kept the office on the northern cor- ner of INIaine and Dunlap Streets.^ In 1824 the office was kept on Mill Street, near the present resi- dence of Mrs. A. J. Stone. In 1826 it was removed to the corner of Maine and Mason Streets, where Lorenzo Day's store now stands. The next year, the office was removed to a building south of the stage house, on the lot now occupied b}- James Beny, near the foot of the mall, where it remained until 1842, when it was removed to its present location. It was subsequently moved back to the Berry build- ing, and in 1871 it was moved to its present location. The income of the postmaster at this office during the year 1826 was one hundred and sixty dollars, and in 1845 was eight hundred and sixteen dollars and eighty-one cents. From these smns the post- master was required to pa}^ for office rent, clerk hire, wood and lights. The mails in the latter j'ear arrived at eleven p. m. and two A. M. On Jul}' 14, 1803, Major Lemuel Swift was appointed post- master, in place of Robert Dunning. The appointment was probably made without the knowledge, or at least consent, of Mr. Swift, as he declined to accept it then, as he did also at other times. The following is a correct list of all the postmasters of Brunswick and the date of their appointment. It is derived from the official records of the Post Office Department at Washington : — Andrew Dunning, appointed March 20, 1793 ; Robert Dunning, appointed January 1, 1801 ; Henrv Quinl)y, appointed January 1, 1804 ; Jonathan Stone, appointed May 20, 1807 ; Joseph McLellan, a;ppoiuted September 15, 1823 ; Theodore S. McLellan, appointed December 29, 1840; Elijah P. Pike, appointed February 9, 1842; Theodore S. McLellan, appointed September 11, 1843; Joseph F. Dunning, appointed May 2, 1849 ; John McKeen, appointed Septem- ber 28, 1850 ; Robert P. Dunlap, appointed May 13, 1853 ; Alfred J. Stone, appointed March 24, 1858 ; Benjamin G. Dennison, appointed April 8, 1861 ; Albert G. Tenney, appointed August 24, 1866 ; George C. Crawford, appointed April 3, 1867. The first post-office in Topsham was up stairs in a building which stood directly opposite the bank. Charles R. Porter, the postmaster, was a lawj-er, and the mail was kept in his office. lie had for an assistant, Ohver, son of Major Nathaniel Walker, who remained with * Prjepscot Papers. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 305 liim for two or three years, and was then succeeded by his brother, Wildes P. Wallcer, then a lad of ten or eleven years of age. The following is the list of postmasters in Topsham, derived from the same soiirce as the preceding : — Charles R. Porter, appointed February 6, 1821 ; Nathaniel Green, appointed July 13, 1826; Nathaniel AA^alker, appointed April 19, 1S31 ; John H. Thompson, appointed August 12, 1841 ; Nathaniel Walker, appointed. November 26, 18-44:; William Ricker, appointed July 19, 1845 ; Charles E. White, appointed February 9, 1849 ; John Tebbets, appointed April 11, 1849; Octavius A. Merrill, appointed May i3, 1853; Lewis M. Work, appointed September 22, 1853; Amos D. AYheeler, appointed February 29, 1856 ; Alexander Ridley, appointed October 6, 1856 ; Robert P. Whitney, appointed May 6, 1861. The first post-office in Harpswell was established at the lower end of Harpswell Neck in 1842, about three miles from the old meeting- house, the mail being received at that time every Tuesday. The first postmaster was Washington Garcelon. Residents of Great Island and the upper part of the Neck continued to go to Brunswick for their letters for many years afterwards. There are several separate offices in the town of Harjjswell, and the following is the official list of the l)0stmasters in each. The office in West Harpswell was established October 14, 1847. The postmasters were, Washington Garcelon, appointed October 14, 1847; Ebenezer Pinkham, appointed July 14, 1849; Alcot S. Merri- man, appointed April 10, 1850. The office was discontinued Ma}- 27, 1854, but was re-established in September, 1862. David Webber, appointed September 11, 1862; Miss Helen M. Webber, appointed December 22, 1865 ; Miss Lydia F. Webber, appointed June 16, 1868 ; Miss Margaret M. Thomas, appointed February 28, 1871 ; Miss Eleanor Thomas, appointed June 15, 1872. The office at North Harpswell was established Fcbruar}^ 25, 1864, and Charles Johnson was appointed postmaster on that day. The office on Orr's Island was established May 13, 1868, and Sam- uel E. SmuUen was appointed postmaster at that time. Postage on a letter to Boston in 1833 was twelve and a half cents, eighteen and three fourths cents to New York, and twenty-five cents for any distance o^•er five hundred miles. In 1820 the rates were as follows : — Sinyle letters, for an}' distance not exceeding thirty miles, six cents ; over thirty and not over eighty miles, ten cents ; over eighty 20 306 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, lOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. and not over one hundred and fifty miles, twelve and a half cents ; over one hundred and fifty and not over four hundred miles, eighteen and a half cents ; over four hundred miles, twenty-five cents. Double letters, or those composed of two pieces of paper, double the above rates. Shij) letters, not carried b}' mail, six cents. NEWSPAPEItS, ETC. The following account of the newspapers and press in Brunswick, Topsham, and Ilarpswell is mainl}' derived from a recent work by the late Joseph Gritlin, entitled *■' The l*ress of Maine," with a few, addi- tions, which the character of his work led him to omit. The first press in Brunswick was set up early in December, 1819, by Joseph Grifflu, who graduated at the printing-office of Messrs. Flagg & Gould, in Andover, Massachusetts. His office was, at first, on the east side of Maine Street, facing Pleasant Street. In 1821 he removed to the building opposite the north end of the mall, and which he occupied until his death, in 1875. For twenty-nine years Mr. Griffin printed, annually, one edition of the Catalogue of Bowdoin College, and for twenty years he printed two editions each year. He also printed sixteen editions (1 ,600 copies each) of the College Triennial Catalogue. The first work approximating to a newspaper, or rather to a period- ical, which emanated from his press, was in pamphlet form. It was issued in June, 1820. The third number had the following title-page : — " The Management of the Tongue and Moral Observer. No. III. Price per annum, $1.50. Published & Printed b}' Joseph Griffin. Issued on the second Tuesda}' of each Month. "Contexts. — Part 1. The Boaster, consisting of Two Maxims and Refiections. Part 2. The 111 Tongue, consisting of Three Maxims and Reflections. Part 3. Moral Observer, 'No. III. Melissa ; a tale. Observation upon the Passions, addressed to the ladies. Poetry : Mathon's Return. The Season. Communication, suggesting a Legal Act in favor of ' Sitters ' or Loafers. An Anecdote." On the last page was an advertisement of Griffin & Hazelton's bookst'^^'e. Onl}' three numbers were printed. It was followed by the first newspaper that was printed in Bruns- wick. This was the Maine Jntellujencer, a demiquarto of eight pages, published by Joseph Griffin, and edited b}- John M. O'Brien, Esquire, who graduated at Bowdoin College in the class of 1806. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 307 The publication of this paper was commenced in September, 1820. and was given up at the end of six months, not proving remunerative to the publisher. The Mirine Baptist Herald. — The first number of this paper was printed by Mr. Griffin, July 17, 1824. It was a demifolio. It was edited for about six months by Benjamin Titeomb, Jr., a graduate of Bowdoin College, 180G, and son of the first printer in Maine. After the time named the HeraJd was under the sole management of the publisher. At the commencement of the second volume it was enlarged to a royal folio size, and continued weekly for six years. During the last two years of its existence it was called the Eastern Gd'ixy (Old Iler.ild, the name having been changed in consequence of a larger part of its cohmins being subsequently devoted to secular interests. In the latter years of this publication the subscribers num- bered over eleven hundred, — a larger circulation than can be claimed for anj' other of the man}' papers subsequently commenced in Brunswick. The Herald was the first paper coinciding fulh' with the faith and practices of the primitive Baptists ever published in the United States. It was also one of the earliest papers in New England to take a stand against the inroads of intemperance, b}' exposing the causes leading thereto. In 1826 appears in the Herald the first complaint and argu- ment against indiscriminate licenses for the sale of alcoholic liquors. Androscoggin Free I'ress. — This paper was a royal folio, twenty- six b}' twent}'. It was edited and published by Moore & ^Vells, assisted by Charles Packard, PZsquire. It was commenced in 1827 and continued about two years. In politics it was the exponent of the principles of the Whig party. The Escritoir was a semi-monthh' magazine of thirty-two pages, octavo, published in 182G-27 by a club of students, of which John Hodgdon was chairman. It was printed by Joseph Griflfln. The Northern Iris, a monthl}^ of thirty-two pages, went forth from the Bowdoin press for six months, in 1829. The editor and publisher was Sumner Lincoln Fairfield, a gentleman from the South. It was edited with ability, but depending on unsolicited patronage it was not remunerative. Mr. Fairfield had considerable reputation as a poet. He died while 3-oung. In 1830 the Brunswick Journal made its appearance. -It was a royal folio sheet, published b}' William No^'es, now one of the editors and publishers of the Saco Independent. Associated with him a part of the time was Henr}' W. Fairfield, now the piinter of the New 308 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPSWELL. England Farmer, Boston. The Journal was a Whig paper, siipi)oit- ing J. G. Hunton for governor of Maine, and Henr}- Clay for Presi- dent of the United States. Charles Packard, Esquire, then attorney at law, edited it for a short time, after which Francis D. and John S. Gushing were the principal writers. It was a well-conducted paper, but it was published for only a year and three months. 'Ihe Jitvenile Kct/, connnenced in 1831, was a chiklren's paper, nine b}' seven, in neatly i)rinted newspaper form, i)ublished weekly for two years. A considerable portion of the tyi)e-work of this paper was done by two children of Josei)h Griffin who, at the commencement, were onl}^ nine and seven years of age, respectively. Their names api)eared as pul)lishers. The fu-st, a daughter, is now the wife of a clergyman in New Hampshire ; the second, a son, Joseph Warren Griffin, was lost at sea in February, 1849, on his passage to California. After the suspension of the Brunsicick JonrnaU the Kt-y was enlarged to a twelve b}' nine size, four pages, to make it more com- pletely a family paper and give room for advertising. From this time it was called the Family Pioneer and Juvenile Key, and was published with good success for four years. It was the endeavor of the editor of the Family Pioneir and Juvenile Key to o[)erate upon the public mind, especially that of the young, b}' the publication of interesting narratives, setting forth in a clear light, not only the evils of an intemperate use of intoxicating drinks, l)ut the dangers of temperate drinking. The abolition of negro slavery, and of the death penalty for crime, were strongly advocated in the columns of the Pioneer and Key. The Eastern Baptist was commenced in November. 1837, by Thomas W. Newman, and was continued about a year and a half, when it was discontinned, and the list of subscribers transferred to the Zion's Ad- vocate, in Portland. 'J he paper was started and edited by an associ- ation of Baptist ministers. These were, in 1838, David Nutter, Edwin R. Warren, A. J. W. Stevens, and Luther C. Stevens.^ Mr. Newman also published at this time, at No. 2 Forsaith's Block, the Advocate of Freedom. This was a semi-monthly sheet, published under the direction of the Executive Committee of the Maine Anti- slavery- Societ}', and issued at fift^' cents per annum. '1 he prospectus stated, " It will explain and defend the principles held by the society and the measures approved by it. It will be a vehicle of the anti- slavery intelligence of the day, and a repositor}' of facts and argu- 1 This accoimt is not yiven in the Press of Maine. It icas furnished us by Mr. New- man. TAVERNS AND PUBLIC HALLS, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. 309 ments on the subject of slavery and the measures for its speedy and peaceful removal." The editorial woi'k was done i^rincipallv by Pro- fessor William Smyth. 'I he paper was devoted exclusively to the antislaver}' cause. 'I here were no local items or advertisements in it. Number 1, Volume I, was printed March 8, 1838. Number 25, the last printed here, was printed February 21 , 1839. The size of the paper was twenty by twenty-five. The publication of this paper was continued at Augusta as a weekly paper. The Reutdator, a royal folio. Democratic paper, was published for two years, 1837 and 1838, by Theodore S. McLellan. I. A. Beard was the editor. The Brunsivicker, a neutral paper, was ])rinted and published for one year, 1842, b3-T. 8. McLellan. John Dunlap, B. A., was the editor. It was succeeded b}" a paper called The Yagerhamer, of which, how- ever, but two or three numbers were issued. The Forester was printed in 1845 by No3'es & Stanwood. Its editor was H. A. Stanwood. Only one volume of this paper was published. The Pejepscot Journal, a weekly sheet, was published at Brunswick in 1846, one year ; edited by G. C. Swallow, now Professor of Geology and Agriculture in Missouri. The Juvenile Wntchman was edited and published in 1854 by Howard Owen, who is now one of the enterprising publishers of the Kennebec Journal. It was a small sheet, eleven by sixteen. It was Issued on the first and third Monda}" of each month at the oflflce of the Brunswick Telegraph. It was devoted principally to the cause of temperance, especially among the young. It was discontinued at the expiration of six months. The Musical Journal was pul)lished monthly in 1855 b}" George W. Chase, editor and proprietor. It had but a short existence. T"he Brunsicick Telegraph was commenced in 1853 b}' Waldron & Moore, as publishers, and Wm. G. Barrows, Esquire, as editor. It was afterwards issued 1)_y Waldron & Fowler, then by Fowler & Chase. The publishers in 185G transferred their interest to Geo. W. Chase, who pul)lished it as editor and proprietor about one year, when Howard Owen, now of the Kennebec Journal, was admitted as a partner, and took charge of the agricultural department. After being connected with the establishment about five months, Mr. Owen became dissatis- fied with his unrcmunerated labors and sold his interest to Mr. Chase. Early in 1857 Mr. Chase abandoned the Telegraph and went to Bath, where he published the Masonic Journal and taught music. Mr. A. G. Tenne}-, a graduate of Bowdoin College, class of 1835, 310 HISTORY OF BUhNSWICK, TOPSHaM, AND IIARPSWELL. purchased the Telegraph establishment in 1857, reissued the paper, and has since continued to edit and publish it weekly. Of JNIr. Tenney's fitness for the position of editor, the Press of Maine ^ well says, " To a liberal education and a mind capable of close reasoning and of arriv- ing at logical conclusions, he adds unwearied industry and constant application." Under Mr. 'lenney's nianagenient. the paper has been particularly valuable for the energy and titlelity which the editor has displayed in his efibrts to make it a good local paper, and in this respect it has no sui)erior in the State. 'Ihe only paper ever published in Topsham was a Second Adventist paper, whidi was printed about the year 1844, in a chamber over John Larrabee's workshop on Elm Street. No copy of the pai)er has been found, and its name is forgotten. The enterprise was abandoned at the expiration of a few months. In TIarpswell there has been but one paper published. It was the Harpswell Banner. The first number was issued in May, 1832. It was published weekly, for six months, by Josiah S. Swift and Jonathan R. Snow. Jesse vSnow, ^d, was the agent. It was printed on a sheet six by ten, and the price was four cents for six numbers. In August, J. S. Swift became the sole proprietor and editor. In September, the paper was enlarged to a sheet seven by thirteen, and the next week eight and one half to thirteen and one half, and the title was changed to that of the Literary Banner, terms thirt3^-two cents per annum ; semi-monthly. The last number, however, was issued October 24 of this.year. One number contained an advertise- ment by the editor that he would draw " with accuracy, for one shil- ling, views of counti'v seats, buildings, etc. ; also laud and marine views." This paper was printed at the editor's home on Sebascodigan Island. Swift, then a lad, now a clerg^nnan, residing in Farmingtou, •' i)rocured a small font of worn-out type, which had l)eeu thrown into pi in the otKce of the Bath Maine Inquirer. This he sorted out, laid in a case of his own construclion, and having made a wooden chase, some tin rules, antl cut a head on a block of wood, he i)rinted a seven by nine weekly paper "on an old cheese-press. He received the pat>- ronage and encouragement of many of the literati of Bath and Bruns- wick. The late John INIcKeen became a regular correspondent " ~ The boy finally abandoned the enterprise to enter the office of the Bath Inquirer, where he remained for some years, and finalh' became the proi)rietor of that paper. ' Page 171- 2 Griffin, Press of Maine, p. 197. DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS, FRESHETS. 311 CHAPTER IX. DISEASES^ AND ACCIDENTS, FRESHETS. We are uiial)le to give an extended comparison, as to tlie relative healthfiilness of the towns of Topsham, Brunswick, and IIari)swell, or of their average rate of mortaUt}'. It may he said briefl}', however, that as regards "Ijoth endemics and epidemics, Harpswell is the most healthy of the three towns, and Brunswick the least so. Topsham probably occupies an intermediate position between the two. The cause of the difference is in the configuration of the land, the nature of the soil, the pj-oximity to the sea, and the density of the population. Topsham and Harpswell possess b}' lar the best drainage, though that of Brunswick is amply sufficient, if properlj^ cared for. No data exist fro-.n which to calculate accurately the death-rate of either town, but in each there have been a few individuals who have lived to an advanced age. Harpswell probably bears off the palm in this respect, for in one house four persons are said to have died, whose average age was ninety-nine and a half years. The}' were Taylor Small, who died in 1812, aged ninety-six; Peter Birthright, who died in 1822, at the age, it is said, of one hundred and fifteen ; Tabitha Small, who died in 1846, at the age of ninety-nine ; and Mark Small, who died in 1852, at the age of eighty-eight. In this connection a brief mention of the different 2>%-sic<'a?is, who have from time to time settled here, will not be inappropriate. The first physician who settled in either of these towns was undoubt- edly Samuel Gyles, who died in Brunswick in 1738, and who had practised there for a short time previously. He came from Salisbury, Mass. Next in Brunswick was William Spear, son of Robert Spear, one of the early settlers. Dr. Spear was in practice about the year 1740, 1 The lace Dr. John D. Lincoln commenced to prepare for the authors a chapter on the sanitary condition and mortality of the three towns. His sickness and death pre- vented its completion or revision, and yie are consequently obliged to give a more meagre sketch than we otherwise should. 312 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. but for how long a time is not known, and nothing is known as to his professional qualifications. UocTOR Phineas Neyers was in Brunswick from 1755 to 1765, and perhaps longer. Nothing is known of him as a ph3'sician. Doctor Samuel Duncan came to Brunswick from Topsham in 1770, and was in practice until his death, in 1784. He Avas a 3'oung man, but was called a skilful physician, and he had an extensive practice. He lived at New INIeadows. Doctor Ebenezer H. Goss^ came to Brunswick during the Revolu- tion. He lived at Maquoit until 1804, when he moved to the village, and soon after moved to Paris, Maine. He had an extensive practice and Avas accounted a good ph^'sician. Doctor Balthazar Stilkey was a Hessian surgeon, who came over with Burgoyne's forces, and after the war (about 1790) settled in Brunswick near the present residence of INIr. Martin Storer, north of Cook's Corner. He practised there for several 3-ears. But little is known of him. He is said to have been something 'of a quack. Doctor Jonathan Richardson Parker was in Brunswick for one or two years only, about 1799. Doctor Jonathan Page ^ came to Brunswick in 1 795, and commenced the practice of medicine in 1800. His practice soon became exten- sive, and continued increasingly so until his death, in 1842. He held a highly respectable rank in his profession. His residence was for man}' ^ears in the house just south of the Mason Street Church. Doctor Isaac Lincoln^ moved to Brunswick from Topsham in 1820. He enjoyed a ver}- extensive practice until a short time before his death, in 1868. He held a high rank in his profession. He was a graduate of Harvard College, 1800, and is supposed to have been the first physician in Brunswick who had received a collegiate education. John D. Lincoln,^ son of Doctor Isaac Lincoln, was a graduate of Bowdoiu College, class of 1843, and of the Medical School of Maine, class of 1846. He practised in Brunswick from 1846 till within a few- weeks of his death, in 1877. He was a most excellent ph3'sician and his practice extended into many of the neighboring towns, and even to more remote portions of the State. Other physicians in Brunswick, for a short time onl>', have been J. D. Wells, 1829; Cushman, 1836; J. E. Shaw, 1857; T. S. Foster, 1864 ; J. B. Soto, 1871 to 1873. Of those now residing in Brunswick, Asher Ellis commenced prac- 1 See Biography. DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS, FItESHETS. 313 tice in Brunswick in 1842, Nathaniel 'I'. Palmer in 1845, Alfred Mitchell in 1865, and Daniel F. Ellis in 18G6. I'he earliest physician in Topsham, tlie date of whose residence can be determined, was Doctor Philip IIoyt, who died in June, 1 790 (see epitaph). Tradition reports him as an excellent physician. In 1793 there was, if no mistake has been made in the recorded dates, a Doctor Hoj't in town who was a member of the church. Possibly- he was a son of the one first named. Doctor Ebenezer Emerson came to Topsham prior to 1792. He came to Maine from Reading, Mass. At first he boarded with James Wilson, but he afterwards built and occupied the house now occupied by Swansc}' Wilson, just beyond Cyrus Purington's on the Bowdoinham road. He was settled here at least six 3'ears and probal)ly longer. While Doctor Emerson boarded at Mr, Wilson's there was also another physician named Hay who boarded with him. Doctor Hay did not, however, long remain. A Doctor Parker succeeded Doctor Emerson and lived in the same house that the latter had previously' occupied. He remained in town several years. A Doctor Osborne practised in Topsham prior to Doctor Phineas Never's residence in Brunswick, probably about 1754. He boarded at a Mr. Grab's, who lived near Ferry I'oint. His stay in town was short. Doctor Duncan is supposed to have located himself in Topsham before he went to Brunswick. If so, his stay could not have been for more than a few weeks. Both of these last are said to have died at New Meadows, from consumption. A 3'oung man named Doctor Guild was here for a few years, about 1796. In some old papers of Brigadier Thompson a Doctor Wiiittaker is alluded to in a manner to imply that he was a resident of Topsham. Nothing is positiveh' known, however, in regard to it. Prior to 1804, Doctor Stockbridge (the elder Dr. Stockbridge of Bath, deceased) settled in Topsham for a short time. He boarded with Jacob Abbott in what is known as the " Rachel Patten" house. Stockbridge Howland and John Stockbridge Patten are said to have been named for him. About the same time a Doctor Sawter settled in Topsham, kept an apothecary store, and practised his profession. Doctor Sims and Doctor Fairfield both practised here not far from this time, certainly before 1804. The latter also had an apothecary store. 314 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSIVEJ.L. In 1804, Doctor Isaac Lincoln i moved to Topsham and soon had an extensive practice. In 1820 he removed to Brunswick. In 1820, Doctor James McKeenI commenced to practise in Tops- ham. His office, at that time, was over Jonathan Baker's store, and he boarded at Ilumplirey Pnrinton's boarding-house. lie continued in practice until a short time l)efore his death, in 1873. In 1843 a "' botanic doctor," by the name of Norton, came to town, but did not remain more than a year or two. Between the last date and 1856, Doctors J. S. Cushman, Cook, and Springer were settled in Topsham for short periods. In 1856, Doctor Joseph McKeen, Jr., commenced practice, and is, at the present time, the onl}' resident physician of this town. Although the town of Ilarpswell has been, unable to dispense entirely with the services of phvsicians, vet it has done so to a great extent. There have been but four physicians located in the town, and, with one exception, they remained but a few years. The practice in the town has been mainly carried on by Brunswick doctors. Prior to 1840 a Doctor Norton resided in the town for several years. He was succeeded about 1843 by a Doctor Bliss. In 1850, or there- abouts. Doctor Dailey settled in this town and has remained to the present time. In 1870, Doctor J. B. Soto settled here, but remained but one year, when he removed to Brunswick, where he died. DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS. If Brunswick and Topsham cannot be considered as pre-eminently healthy places, yet it can with truth be asserted that they are as healthy as other towns of like character, situation, and population. Since the Great Plague among the Indians, about 1615 or 1616 (which extended all over New England), there has no devastating epidemic occun*ed here. Pulmonary consumption, pneumonia, acute rheumatism, t3'phoid fever, scarlet fever, measles, epidemic dysentery, and cholera infinitum produce the same ravages here as elsewhere, but are none of them endemic. Cholera and yellow fever have never, it is believed, appeared here, and no quarantine has ever been estab- lished here. Small-pox has prevailed a number of times, but never to an alarm- ing extent. Its first appearance was in the eai-ly part of the tail of 1792.2 How many cases there were in this epidemic is not known, 1 See Biography. 2 Pejepscot Papers. DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS, FRESHETS. 315 but the citizens were greatly alarmed, and the town of Brunswick very properh' took all the precautions possible to prevent the spread of the disease. In October of that year, the town " voted not to allow any person in this town to inoculate for to take the small-pox, but to take all possible care to prevent the spreading of the disorder." Eighteen inspectors were chosen from the different parts of the town, whose duties were to erect " smoke-houses " wherever they thought best ; to examine, smoke, and clean all goods brought into town for the space of two months, and to stop, examine, and cleanse any per- son whom they might suspect of being infected. The town also voted to build a hospital twenty-eight feet long by fourteen feet wide and one story high. The hospital was to be on the Commons, but the exact location was left to the decision of the selectmen. No physi- cian was allowed to attend small-pox patients without the authority of the selectmen. After this epidemic had passed by, there were no cases of this disease for thirty-two j'ears, unless, perchance, there were a few cases not known to the public. In 1824, owing to fears of an epidemic of this disease, the town of Brunswick, at a meeting held May 10, appointed the selectmen as a committee to take prompt and efficient measures to have all in town vaccinated who had not previously been. The agents of the different school districts were directed to be present and see that all not pre- viously^ vaccinated, attended at the time appointed by the physician. The names of all persons vaccinated were to be recorded on the town records, and the exj^ense of the vaccination was to be paid by the town. Notliing further is known in regard to an epidemic at this time. In 1851 there were a few cases of small-pox in this vicinity, and at the May meeting in Brunswick, the town instructed the select- men •' to cause the inhabitants of the town to be vaccinated without delay." Doctors N. T. Pahner, Asher Ellis, and J. D. Lincoln were also chosen at this time as a Board of Health. There were a few cases of this disease in 1861, and a niunber in 18G6, when there were three fatal cases. But few cases of this disease can have occurred in Topsham, since no record is to be found of any, except single cases. In 1810 a committee was chosen to vaccinate all who had not had the small-pox, and this committee reported the next year that Doctor Isaac Lincoln had vaccinated four hundred and three persons, of which number three hundred and ninety-one cases were successful and twelve were doubtful. In 1824 the people of Topsham were again vaccinated. Harpswell seems to have been quite free from this disease, so much so, appar- 316 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. ently, as to have no dread of it, foi- in 1832 tlie town voted against having the people vaccinated. It is thonght that the ratio of cases of insanity was greater in the earl}' part of the centnry, in this A-icinity, than it is at present. At one time, abont 1820, thei'e were four insane persons in Brunswick and five in Topsham. In 1836 the town of Brunswick authorized the erection of a building for the accommodation of this class of patients, at an expense not exceeding three hundred dollars. The apparently greater number of cases of this kind in former years may be partially accounted for by the fact that there were not at that time so many of this unfortunate class under treatment in as^dums abroad, and conse- quently each case was well known to the whole community. Besides the ordinary cases of disease affecting the mortality of this viciuity, man}' cases of accident resulting in premature death have occurred from time to time. Foremost among these are the accidents from falling into the water. From the list of cases we have collected, only a few of the earliest or most remarkable ones are inserted here. The earliest case of the kind of which we liave received an}' account, occurred in March, 1765, a Mrs. Babbage and son, who lived on the farm now owned by the heirs of the late John Penncll, and a young man by the name of Barnes, a son of Henry and brother of tlie late William Barnes, who lived on the farm now owned by James Alexan- der, in IlarpsAvell, while crossing Mcrriconeag River to a grist-mill on the old Ewing place, had their float caught in the running ice and overset, and were all three drowned. Mrs. Barnes and A^'illiam were watching them from the shore when the accident liapjicned. Their bodies were recovered the following June. The only other similar deaths occurring prior to 1800 were of Daniel Winchell, before 1777, at some place unknown ; Adam Hunter, at sea, in 1778 ; Samuel Potter, date and place both unknown, l)ut some time in the last cen- tury ; Robert Potter, at sea, before 1 794 ; James and Robert Winchell, at the same time, at Cathance, date unknown ; John Winchell, at Bath, between, 1790 and 1800 ; Benjamin Randall and Thomas Wilson, both at sea and prior to 1800. Some time previous to 1820, Major Burt Townsend and a Mr. Gross were on a raft of logs above the upper dam on the Androscoggin, at Brunswick. The raft broke loose and went over the dam. Just as the}' reached the falls. Major Townsend, with great presence of mind, leaped ahead into the river below and thus escaped both the undertow and the falling logs, and was thus al)le to swim ashore, while Mr. Gross, who either did not jump at all, or else not sutticiently far, was drowned. DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS, FRESHETS. 317 From the list referred to, we are able to give the following sum- mary : The number of eases of drowning in Brunswick and Tops- ham (exclusive of those drowned at sea, of which the list is, as a matter of course, verj^ incomplete) is forty- five. Of these forty- five cases, there were drowned on the Cathance River, in Topsham, five ; on the Androscoggin River (including ]Merr3'meeting Bay), twenty- seven ; on the New Meadows River, in Brunswick, one ; at Maquoit, three ; at other places mentioned, five ; and where the place was un- known, four. Of the twenty-seven drowned in the Androscoggin, eight were drowned on the Topsham side, ten on the Brunswick side, five in Merr^ineeting Bay, and four in the stream, away from the shore. Of the ten i>ersons drowned on the Brunswick side, seven were drowned near tlie Factory or lower mills and two near the upper bridge. Of the eight on the Topsham side, four were drowned at the bathing-place above the upper bridge and two near the mills. Next in the list of fatal accidents come those by fire. 'I he first of these to which reference has been found was in 1737, when the house of the widow of Andrew Dunning was burned, and she was burned in it. No reference to an}' other death b}' fire in the last centur}' has been found. In September, 1829, Hannah J. Brown, of lopsham, aged eight years, was badly burned by a brand which fell from the andirons on her cotton gown and set it on fire. She lingered for twenty-six da3-s before she succumbed to her injui'ies. On January 15, 1857, Mrs. James Maxwell, of Topsham, was fatall}' burned, in consequence of the overflowing of a lighted lamp containing camphene. She lived but a short time. On January 25, 1859, a daughter of John Merritt, of Brunswick, was fatally burned in consequence of her clothes being caught in the blaze of the fire. On March 11th of this same year, Mr. Isaac Center was fatally burned by the explosion in liis hand of a lighted lamp, containing burning fluid. In this connection ma}' be mentioned with propriety the cases (though not fatal) of accidents in consequence of lightning. '1 he first occurrence of this kind was in 1828, when a house in Mill Street was struck by lightning, and a man injured. The next case occurred September 5, 1845, when one person was stunned and another pros- trated b}' the lightning, which struck Common's Hall. At the time the " Hemy Jordan" house, on Cleaveland Street was struck by lightning, June 23, 1874, two persons standing on the doorsill were struck, but not seriously injured. Other cases have probably occurred of which no account has been preserved. Numerous accidents have occurred from time to time at the mills 318 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HART>SWELL. and factories, though fortunately but few have resulted fatally. The earliest occurrence of this kind was in the last centur}^, though the precise date is unknown. Hugh Wilson, of Topsham, who was married in 1785, had his leg broken among the mill logs on the east- ern branch of the Cathance River An amputation was performed by a physician from Casco (Portland), but he did not long survive the operation. The next occurrence of W'hich we have seen any account, also in Topsham, was in August, 1825, At this time a little child, aged four years, fell through a saw-mill and fractured his skull. On October 7, of the same year, another child, aged ten years, while asleep in a saw-mill in Brunswick, where his father was working at the time, got up and fell out on to the rocks, a distance of twenty-live feet, and was instantly killed. Record has been found of o\\\y two accidents in the mills since this date, but there were doubtless many others which were unrecorded, save in the memory of afflicted fnends. At least eight fatal accidents are known to have happened upon the railroad in this vicinity, and it is possible there have been more. Only one of these cases happened in Topsham. The following are a few of the cases of death that have occurred from other causes than those already specified : — November 30, 1833, AVilliam B. Merriman, of Biunswick, mate of the brig " Veto," was murdered by the pilot, a Spaniard, while at Barbaras, in the lagoon of Maracaibo. In November, 1858, Richard L. McManus fell into the hold from the deck of the ship " Screamer," in the port of London, and died on December 7, in consequence of lockjaw induced by the injury he sustained. On August 27, 1861, a young lad fell on to the rocks from the high bluff in front of the residence of Miss Narcissa Stone, in Brunswick, and was instant!}' killed. On the 27th of September, 1806, a young child was accidentally shot in Topsham. The deaths caused by the personal violence of another have been mentioned in a different connection. The cases of suicide occurring in Brunswick and Topsham have been (including that of Ann Conner already referred to) only eight, so far as can be ascertained. These cases occurred in the years 1752 to 1770, 1820, 1823, 1833, 1852, 1855, 1858, and 1869. Two of these were destroyed by cutting their own throats, one by hanging, one b}' shooting, and two by drowning. The manner of death of the other two is not known. There have undoubtedly been other cases of this kind, but these are all in which the facts have been found recorded. Among what might be classed under the head of accidents to prop- DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS, FPESHETS. 319 ei't}', but which might with even more propriety be classed under a meteorological heading, and which for convenience merely are intro- duced in this place, are FRESHETS. The earliest reference found to any freshet in the Androscoggin was to one that occurred in February, 1723. At that time the river was very full, " the lowland full of water and the river open not only below but even to the falls thirty' miles above Pejepscot." This it will be noticed was in midivinter.^ The next great freshet occurred in 1780, in the winter season. ^ There was considerable ice in the river at the time, which dammed up the water so that it flowed across the lower part of Topsham village, and men went across Main Street below the bank in boats. Ice was carried by the water into the cellar of the Hodge house, which stood where the bank now stands, and it was also brought up the gully by the town landing, nearlj' as far as the present Congregational Chiu'ch. '1 he next freshet was in 1784. It occurred some time in the fall. 'J he barn of Andrew and John Dunning was brought down by the water from the intervale east of Rock}- Hill. This barn continued entire until it reached the falls. The standing corn in the fields along the banks of the river remained fixed, but pumpkins came down in great abundance. The great mills on the island were carried off at this time.-^ In October of the next year^ there was another freshet that carried ofl' a saw-mill and nine saws, two grist-mills, a fulling mill, and three houses. On account of the amount of damage done b^' the sudden rise of water at this time, the town of Tops- ham preferred a petition to the General Court for an abatement in the tax for that 3ear. The next unusual rise of water in the river occurred in 181 1, At this time the toll-bridge was partially carried off". It was at this time, also, that two men, Johnson Wilson and " Noggin" Potter, went across the ice to Shad Island, where Wilson owned a mill, and went to work. 1 here had been a rain, but Wilson and Potter did not anticipate a rise of water sufficient to break up the ice. At noon, however, when they left work and started for home, the}' found the ice had broken up and, as there was no bridge to the island at that time, they were unable to reach the shore. The ice was running rapidl}', and it would be dangerous to attempt to reach them bj- boat ; they were therefore obliged to remain on the island. As it ^ Pejepscot Papers. ^Ibid. ^Ibid. *Ibid. 320 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSTIAM, AND HARERWELL. was uncertain how long they might have to remain there, their friends, who were on the Brunswick shore, threw crackers, pieces of fish, etc., to them, and thus tlicir hunger was appeased. They were ol)hged to remain on the island nearly two days, when Major William Frost and some one else took a boat and brought them safel}^ ashore.^ In the great freshet of 1814 twenty-one saw-mills were swept away, or rendered useless, and many other buildings and manufactories were destroyed. An expensive viaduct for conve3-ing boards past the falls was also destroyed. Mills, barns, etc., came down to the falls erect, as though resting on their foundations, and Avere there dashed to pieces. The Patten mill, in Topsham, was carried down the river and across the island about where the paper-mill now stands ; catch- ing for a moment on the rocks at this place, the roof came otf. Four saw-mills on the lower falls started at one time and carried ofi" the greater portion of the bridge. Tlie toll-man had just quitted his dwell- ing. There was a rise of water of twenty-eight, feet in this freshet. In October, 1819, there was a heavy freshet which carried off the upper mills. The town of Brunswick petitioned the legislatnre to make a deduction from their valuation in consequence of the loss of property- occasioned by it. In the summer of 1820 the river was lower than it had been for sixt}' 3-ears previous, and all business in mills and factories was sus- pended for some time. 'I his unusual drought was, however, only the precursor of a great freshet which occurred on the sixteenth and seventeenth of October following. At this time all the booms about the falls broke, containing logs, it was said, sufficient to snpply twenty-three saws for two years, — the greatest number ever on hand at that season of tlie year. The lower dam on the Brunswick side started and cariied with it al)ont sixty feet of the Androscoggin bridge, and two mills for manufacturing clapboards, owned by Jaquith and Eastman. "A greater portion of the most expensive dam on the falls" then started, and it was supposed it could not be repaired under nine or ten months. Fifteen saws, two grist-mills, a carding- machine, two clapboard-mills, and a lath-mill were rendered useless until this dam was repaired. The estimated loss was over $l2o,000. There was also great loss of property at Lisbon. On April 15, 1824, a " very great freshet" is recorded, but no par- ticulars are given. On August 30, 182G, the most unexpected and rapid rise of water in the Androscoggin occurred that had ever been 1 James Wilson. DISEASES AND ACCIDENTS, FRESHETS. 321 known. In Livermore and Jay the water rose eight feet in one nigiit. It swept away in its conrse everj' movable thing on the shores, such as timber, ferry-boats, etc. The swell of water reached Brunswick on Tuesday eve. Between one and two thousand logs that had been rafted below the booms at this place were swept over the dams, and some damage was done to a number of the mills. The loss at this point was, however, more than balanced by a fine I'un of logs from above. There had been no rains in this vicinity. Another serious rise of water occurred on A^Dril 25 and April 26, 1827. The boom broke on the night of the twenty-fifth, and allowed about one hundred and fifty thousand logs to come down the river. In their course the}- carried off" the new double saw-mill belonging to Doctor Jonathan Page, about two hundred feet of the toll-bridge, and the gulf dam. The Eagle Factory was also injured. No freshet is recorded as occurring in 1829, but in November of that year the tide in the river is said to have risen five feet higher than ever before known, and to have done some slight damage. Other considerable freshets occurred on January 2, 1831, May 22, 1832, and April 7, 1833. At the one in 1832, the Roger Merrill saw- mill and also the Patten mill and the bridge dam were carried away. In February, 1839, there was a serious ice freshet, which carried away the upper dam and booms, and the Goat Island mill, and seriously injured the Great Mills. The ice became gorged at the Nar- rows, and was sixty feet high below the toll-bridge. It was piled so high between the bridge and the lower falls, that a man stepped ott' the bridge and walked on the ice to the roof of the mill on Shad Island. A freshet occurred on May 22, 1843, at which the dam on the Topsham side gave way, and the lower boom above the falls also gave way, carrying off the Rogers mill in Topsham, and about thirty feet of the Shad Island bridge. The bank on the "Intervale" road in Brunswick was washed away, and a house undermined at this time. The next noteworth}' freshet was in May, 1854. It was said at the time to be the greatest of any since 1814, though but little damage was done. The old Hodge mill was carried off", but the new Hodge mill was uninjured. In 1857, April 6, the water in the river was ver}- high, and the old Purinton mill in Topsham was carried off". On March 31, 1859, the ice carried away Maxwell & Jameson's blacksmith shop, on the island, and also an old grist-mill near by. On April 19, 1862, an unoccupied house on the island in Topsham, next to the small bridge, was carried away by the water, and the draw 21 322 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSUAM, AND HARPSWELL. and about two hundred feet of the Bay Bridge, on the Brunswick side, were also destroyed. Cow Island was entirel}' sul)merged. On November 19, 1863, there was a high freshet. The northern abutment of the small bridge in Topsham was undermined, and car- riage travel stopped. There were some logs lost, but no other dam- age is known to have been done at this time. April 19, 1865, the water was quite high, but did no damage. There was, however, at this time, an extremely high wind, wliich blew down fences, signs, etc., and did considerable harm. A barn on the Island, in Topsham, was blown into the river with all its contents, even the hens. On April 26, 1866, there was a heavy ice freshet. A small portion of the dam of Perkins's saw-mill, and the outer tier of posts of the Purinton Hour-mill, both in Topsham, were carried away. Some damage was also done to the Coburn mill in Brunswick. There was also another, though lighter, freshet in November of this year. In 1869 there were two freshets. At the first, on April 20, a boom broke, and a large number of logs belonging to Hiram Toothaker, and to Coburn & Thompson, went down river. The loss was esti- mated at about $40,000. At the other freshet, October 5, several cows on Cow Island were drowned, and two hundred bushels of corn, belonging to John Merry- man, at Rock}' Hill, were washed away. The last freshet of consequence was on April 16, 1873. The ice became gorged, and carried away the flume at the paper-mill in Topsham. STAGES, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION, ETC. 323 CHAPTER X. STAGES, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION, TELEGRAPH, EXPRESSES, PUBLIC CARRIAGES. STAGES, ETC. TiiK first regular stage for the accommodation of passengers is thought to have commenced running about the j'ear 1800. The first four-horse stage between Brunswick and Portland is known to have been driven in 1803 b}" Henry Mclnt^re. In 180G, Colonel Estabrook drove a biweekl}- stage between Brunswick and Augusta. In 1807, or soon after, Nahum Perkins, of Topsham, drove a through stage between Portland and Augusta. The first daily stage commenced, in connection with the mails, in 1810. It was between Portland and Brunswick. A writer in 1820 remarks concerning the stages to and from Bruns- wick at that time, "From the great eastern, western, and* northern routes the stages arrive at twelve o'clock at noon, and so well are they regulated that they often arrive at the same moment. There is no other place in Maine so well situated in this respect. From the east, west, and north, they arrive and depart every day in the week." These coaches were probably run by the Maine Stage Company, as that is the earliest company to which an}' reference has been found. On January 1, 1821, William B. Peters commenced running a stage between Portland and Bath, leaving the former place on Monday. Wednesda}^, and Frida}', and the latter on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. The Brunswick office was at Hodgkins's tavern. The fare was the same as in the mail stage. 'J his was an opposition line to the regular mail stage. How long it was maintained is not known. On August 20, 1836, the Brunswick and Turner Stage Company began running a stage between those two towns, leaving Stinchfield's Hotel in Brunswick, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays at eight o'clock A. M., passing through Durham, Danville, Lewiston, East Minot, East Turner, and arriving in Turner at three o'clock p. m. Returning, it left Turner on Mondays, Wednesday's, and Fridays at 324 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. eight o'clock a. m , and arrived in Brunswick at four v. m. The fare to Levviston was one dollar and twentj'-five cents, and to Turner one dollar and seveuty-fiA'e cents During the winter of this year, Jacob Harris drove a two-horse team twice a week to Portland, for treight and passengers. On December 2o, 1854, the Brunswick and Lewiston stage line was established, John Holland, Jr., being the agent. A passenger coach, capable ot seating nine persons inside, left Lewiston for Brunswick every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and arrived at the latter place in season for the noon train for Bath and Augusta. It left Brunswick on its return at half past nine a. m. It passed through Topsham, Little River, and Lisbon. The fare between Brunswick and Lewiston was one dollar and twenty- five cents. This line was kept up for several years. In 1856 M. K. Marean was its agent. The last stage run to an}' point accessible by the cars was in 1858. In November of that 3'ear, C. M. Plummer commenced to run a daily stage to Bath in opposition to the cars. The fare b}' stage Avas forty cents, and by cars twenty-five cents. There are at present three lines of stages leaving Brunswick. One is a dail}- stage to Potts's Point on Harpswell Neck ; another, thrice weekh', to Condy's Harbor on Great Island ; and another, thrice weekly, to Orr's Island. The first stage over the latter route was driven by Ephraim Johnson of Orr's Island, on June 1, 1868. Among the different lines of stages which have been enumerated, the Maine Stage Compan}- deservedly takes the first rank. I he com- pany' at one time owned $60,000 worth of stock. Its coaches were large and comfortable, and its horses were of the best The line was well patronized and the profits were large. A quarterly' dividend of thirty dollars on the hundred is known to have been distributed. The stages of this line continued running to Portland for some time after the railroad was completed. The fare to Portland by stage was one dollar, and b}' cars ninety' cents, but the stage called for and delivered passengers at their residences, thus saving carriage hire. Amoiig the drivers for the Maine Stage Company were Calvin Gossam, Charles Owen (son of Elder Shimuel Owen), Hiram Tibbetts (father of Mr. J. II. Tibbetts), Jabez Sawin, Savage, Jacob Sands, Stanwood, Plummer, Job Saw\'er, Hobbs, and John Beals. Gossam was a careful driver, prompt in business, attentive to the wants of his passengers, and scrupulously neat in his apparel ; his hat, boots, and gloves were always stylish; when he announced, "Stage STAGES, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION, ETC. 325 ready," no better dressed gentleman entered the coach. Gossam went to CaUfornia, where he drove successfully sevei'al years before his death. Mr. Sands drove a part of the time between Brunswick and Augusta, and a part between Brunswick and Portland. In 1849, when the steamer Flushwf/ made her daily trips between New Wharf and Portland, he drove a stage connecting with the steamer. lie was a careful driver and a pleasant, genial, whole-souled man. Those who desired to relieve the monotony of a stage journey- by pleasant, face- tious, and ofttimes instructive conversation, invariably chose a seat beside him upon the box. Concerning the other drivers, nothing has been learned, except what would naturally be inferred, that they were all good '' whips" and handled the " ribbons" skilfull}'. Accidents were not infrequent in old stage times. In several instances the towns of Brunswick and Topsham were obliged to pay damages to the stage company, in consequence of injuries to their coaches caused b}- defects in the highways. One incident is jjcrhaps illustrative of the whole. On November 17, 1829, a stage containing eleven passengers, among whom were Governor Dunlap, and Mr. Charles J. No3es, of Brunswick, was upset on McKeen Street, and tipped, top down, into a ditch full of water, so that the doors could not be opened. No one was seriousl}- injured, but all were bedaubed with mud. A mother and her babe were among the inside passengers, and the child was found safely pre- served on the shelf nmde by the inverted coach-seat. RAILROADS. The first local project for rail communication from Brunswick was broached some time in 1833. No serious attempt toward anything of the sort was inaugurated, however, until 1835. That 3'ear the legislature incorporated Elijah P. Pike, Nathaniel Davis, Alfred J. Stone, Charles Stetson, Roger Merrill, Jordan Woodward, Benjamin Pennell, John S. Cushing, and Solomon P. Cushman and their asso- ciates, successors, and assigns, " into a body politic and corporate " b}- the name of the Brunswick Railroad Company. This company was authorized " to locate and construct a railroad from the Andros- coggin River, near Brunswick village, to some navigable waters of Casco Ba}', with one or more branches," and were invested with all the necessary powers to carry their intention into effect, i his corpo- ration met June 4th of that j'ear, and adopted a code of by-laws, and 326 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. elected their officers. The road, however, was never laid out, and no other meeting of the compan}' is known to have been held. The first railroad to enter Brunswick was the Kennebec and Port- land, which was incorporated in 1836, and was soon after surveyed. In 1840 the time of building was extended ten years, and of locating, five years. On May 1, 184r), the corporators met and chose a com- mittee to confer with a committee of the Bath and Portland Railroad Company, which had been incorporated a short time previously. The result of the conference was a union of the two roads. On August 6th, of this 3'ear, a citizens' meeting was held at the Baptist Church, Maine Street, Brunswick, " to adopt measures in relation to the Port- land, Bath, and Augusta Railroad." Honorable R. P. Dunlap was chosen chairman, and John D. Coburn, secretar}'. Speeches in favor of the road were made by the chairman, and b}^ George Evans, of Gardiner, and P. Sheldon, and a committee was chosen to present subscription papers to the citizens. The town of Brunswick, in 1850, voted to loan its credit, to aid in the completion of this road, to the amount of $75,000. The same year Topsham voted to loan its credit for the same purpose to the amount of $30,000. The first work upon the railroad, near Brunswick, was commenced in 1847. In March, 1849, ]Mr. John S. Cushing was called b}' the directors of the Kennebec and Portland Railroad to take charge of the grounds now occupied b}' the depot of the Maine Central Railroad Company, and prepare them for the use of the former company ; to provide wood and materials for the construction of the road, whicli was then in pro- cess of building ; and to pa}' the gravel-train men, and others in the employ of the company. On the ninth of June, 1849, a locomotive steam-engine entered Brunswick for the first time. On the fourth of July, 1849, the track having been laid from Bath to Yarmouth, it was decided to put on a train of gravel cars, and with the first engine, the " Kennebec," and with such accommodations as could be prepared, to run the train back and forth between Bath and Yarmouth for the day, giving every one who desired it a " free ride." Though the train was composed chiefl\' of dump-cars, and the passengers probably paid for their ride in the discomfort attending it, 3'et it was to them a nt!w and gratifying experience, and such was the delight of the public that man}' urged the directors to commence running a passenger train at once. To this request the directors acceded, and without any preparation of books, blanks, or taritfs, the train was put on the fifth of Jul}', and continued to run regularly, carrying passengers STAGES, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION, ETC. 327 to Yarmouth, and there transferring them to the cars of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad for Portland. This sudden and unprepared-for event cast a good deal of labor and responsibility upon Mr. Gushing, who at once had tickets printed at the office of Mr. Griffin, for the four stations. In addition to this, freight began to flow on the road, and Mr. Gushing was in- structed to fix such rates as he thought proper on all merchandise as it came in. Mr. Joseph McKeen was the first treasurer of the road, and it was by his request that Mr. Gushing did whatever was necessary to meet the emergencies as they arose, and collect all moneys from ticket sales and conductors, and return to him. Thus Brunswick became sud- denly a place of importance as the headquarters of the Kennebec and Portland Railroad Gompany, and as the place where the fiist impulse was given to the trains of this road. The fares between the stations of the Kennebec and Portland Road and Portland were adjusted on the presumption that the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Gompany (now the Grand Trunk) would gladly receive so large a contribution of passengers at the same rate, twenty-five cents each, at which they transported stage passengers from Yarmouth to Port- land. This amount the agent of the Kennebec and Portland Gompany added to the price of their tickets to Yarmouth, for all Portland pas- sengers. Upon settlement with the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Gom- pany, at the close of the month of July, they claimed thirty-five cents, which was their local fare from Yarmouth to Portland, on all passen- gers coming over, the Kennebec and Portland Road. They consented, however, to deduct one licOf cent from each ticket issued by the latter compan}', obliging them to pay thirty-four and a half cents on each passenger to Portland, although they had only received twenty-five cents each for that portion of the route. This action of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Gompany was received with great indignation by the directors of the Kennebec and Portland Gompany. Two members each said that they would be one among ten to build a new road from Yarmouth to Portland, and it was in consequence of the unjust ad- vantage thus taken of their necessities that the road was built about two years subsequently. This, however, was not the only disagree- ment Ijctween the two companies. The directors of the Kennebec and I'ortland Gompany solicited the other company to put down a third rail, and allow their trains (of a different gauge) to run on that road to Portland. This the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Gompany, speaking through their engineer, declared impracticable. After the new road 328 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. was contract od for, however, they oftered to giA'e this accommodation, hnt were told, in repl^', that it was then "• impracticable." '1 hns the short-siglited poUc}' of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Company's directors was the cause of the building of the new road into Tort- land.! Included in the purchase of the depot lot was a small, one-storj^, unfinished wooden building, which stood near INIaine Street. This was hastily fitted up with ladies' and gentlemen's rooms, and a ticket-office bstween the two. The L was used for a baggage-room. The ac- connnodations for passengers were small and poorly arranged. The building stood much nearer Maine Street than the present one. After the second depot was built, the first one was moved over to the north, next to the building once occupied by Isaac Center, and, at a later date by Mr. Poland, and was occupied by Ezekiel Thompson, the first baggage-master. It is still owned by the railroad company and leased by them as a dwelling. At the lime the first depot was prepared, John S. Cushing acted as station agent, and George French as switch- man. This was the force as organized at Brunswick, which was the headquarters of the road at that time. The first engine went over the railroad bridge across the Andros- coggin, below the falls, on the thirteenth of December, 18.30, and cars ran to Augusta not long afterwards. The Topsham depot was erected in 18,-)0--5I. The first large depot in Brunswick was finished in Jul}', 18.i.";. It was one hundred and sixty feet in length and about one hundred feet in width, including the two wings, the main body of the building being sixty feet in width, with a height of fifty-two feet to the ridge- pole. Three tracks ran through it. The north wing was divided into a ticket-office, with public waiting-rooms for gentlemen and ladies on either side, a refreshment-room, and a baggage-room. S[)ace was also left for a stairwa}- into the upper story of the building, where it was intended to have some of the office rooms of the compan}'. The south wing was used for freight. This depot was burned in 1857. The present building was erected soon after. It is much larger now than it was originally, having received additions several times since its erection. Until 1870 there were but two tracks running through the depot, and the southern side of the building, where the third track is now, was used for the freight department. The freight-office 1 This matter, though rather beyond the scope of this History, is introduced here as a matter of interest to our citizens, and because it has never before appeared in print. STAGES, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION, ETC. 329 anrl telegraph-office were in the southeastern corner. The waiting- rooms, refreshment-room, and ticket-office were small and inconven- ient. In 1870 the present freight depot was built, and the passenger depot was enlarged and improved. Since then the refreshment-saloon and the ticket-office have been still further improved. In the latter part of 1849, Mr. Gushing was taken into the office of Treasurer McKeen as book-keeper, in the place of Mr. George F. Dunning, who removed to Philadelphia. In 1851, Mr. McKeen resigned his treasurership, and Mr. A. H. Gilman, of Portland, was elected ; and in the following j'ear the treas- urer's office was removed to Augusta, where Mr. Gushing was contin- ued as general ticket agent and freight accountant until 1857, when he was . elected treasui'er. In this capacit}' he has been continued through the different organizations of Portland and Kennebec and Maine Gentral Railroad Companies to the present time, — a period of twent}' 3'ears. The length of the Kennebec and Portland Railroad was twenty-four miles in 1849, and that of the Maine Gentral in 1871 was three hundred and fifty- five miles. ^ The Lewiston and Topsham Railroad Gompany was formed about 1853, with Francis T. Purinton, of Topsham, as its president. A road between these two places was surveyed but never laid out, and the companj' failed to do amthing. This company was, however, the forerunner of the Androscoggin Railroad, work on which was com- menced in 1860, and the first trains on which ran regularly- in October, 18G1. As illustrative of the difference in travel between the present and former times, it may be stated that in 1819, the time of travel between Brunswick and Boston was ordinarily three days, the very quickest being two and a half da^s, and the expense attending a trip was twelve dollars. Now, the time required is but six hours, and the expense three dollars and a quarter. Then there was one stage dail}' in each direction, passing through Brunswick. For a number of ^ears after the railroad went into operation, there was but one passenger train a day each wa}^, and the trains seldom had more than two pas- senger cars and a baggage car. At the same time a thrice-weekl}' freight train, each wa}', was all that was required. Now, four passenger trains each way are run on the main line, with 1 For most of the facts given in the forer/oing account ive are indebted to Mr. dishing, ichose connection with this road from its first inception up to the present time renders his statements entitled to the fidlest credence. 330 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. from two to eight cars in eacli, and there are two regular freight trains each way dail}', besides almost daily extra trains. In addition to these trains, there are on the Bath branch six trains daily, each way, includ- ing freight trains, and on the Lewiston branch there are four trains each way dail}', including freight trains. NAVIGATION. In the ver}- earliest times, before the era of stages or even of the introduction of horses to this region, before roads were even thought of, the travel was conducted exclusivel}' by means of boats and vessels. The pioneer settlers alwa^'s located themselves at or near the head of some navigable stream. It should be remembered that in those times the streams were all uudammed and were all of them navigable for much larger craft than at present. Large vessels might then come to the foot of the falls of the Pejepscot without difficulty, and it was even possible to tow boats over the rapids. ^ The earliest provision made for a boat of any size for use in this vicinity was in 1716. At a meeting of the proprietors, held February 21, of that year, it was voted, ''That a proper boat be provided by Messrs. Minot & Watts with sails, oars, etc."^ The intention of this vote may have been to furnish a boat for travel upon the river, but as the proprietors soon after purchased a sloop called the Pejfjyscot, for the purpose of establishing communication with Boston, ^ it is probable that the latter object was what was intended by their vote. The next vessel to which reference is to be found was the sloop Maquoit, which was built by the proprietors and was used in carrying lumber and provisions between Maquoit and Boston. There is some uncertainty as to whom belongs the credit of build- ing the first vessel in this region, though it is probable that it Avas built on the New Meadows River. According to one anthorit}', it was built by John Lemont, in 1745,^ but \>y another it is said to have been constructed b}^ George Ilarwood (with others).^ Prob- abl}- it was the same vessel, and more than one or two were interested in it. The first vessel constructed at Middle Bay or Maquoit was ])uilt previous to the Revolution b}' Robert Dunning. The exact time is ^ Maine Historical Collection, 3, p. 318. 2 Pejepscot Records. 3 McKeen, MS- Lecture. ^Lemont, Historical Dates of Bath, etc., p. 52. ^McKeen, in Brunswick Telegraph, " Gleanings," No. 4. STAGES, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION, ETC. 331 not known. In 1753 there were three sloops owned at Maquoit and New Meadows. 1 In 17G7 the schooner Unity, of Topsham, is mentioned in Brigadier Thompson's papers. The first vessel launched above the Chops and the second above Bath was built by John Patten, William Patten, John Fulton, and Adam Hunter, of Topsham, about the year 1768. She was a sloop of about ninety tons, and was named the Merry Meetiiig. She was built for the purpose of coasting to Boston. When she was launched all the people in the neighboring towns came to see her, and were provided with a dinner. Captain William Patten was master of the Merry Meeting. He loaded her with wood and went to Boston and sold it for $1.50 per cord, two thirds of w^hich went to the owners. At other times she was loaded with boards and timber. Wages at that time were ver}^ low. Howard, the shipwright who built the Merry Meeting., received four shillings per da}'. He lived at New Meadows. Captains in the West India business received four pounds per month ; mates, three pounds ; seamen's wages were about six dollars. The sails and rigging for the Merry Meeting were pur- chased of Mr. Hooper (" King" Hooper he was called), of Salem.^ The Defiance was afterwards built and owned, principall^s by John Patten. She was employed in coasting to Boston ^ The schooner Industry, the first that ever went to the West Indies from the Kennebec, was owned by John Patten, his son Robert; his son-in-law IJobert Fulton, Mr. Jameson, and Captain Harward. She was built about 1772. Captain James Maxwell was master. She was loaded the first time with boards, shingles, and four masts. A part of the boards were sawed at Cathance Mills and the rest at Topsham Falls. They were sold for four dollars per thousand. Cap- tain Maxwell went twice to the West Indies in the Industry. She was sold during the Revolutionary war for paper money. Captain Robert Patten's eighth part enabled him to buy a horse and saddle for four hundred dollars.^ About 1790 the Speedwell, a coaster of ninetj'-seven tons' burden, under command of the Captain McLellan who married Molly Finne}', ran between Brunswick and Boston. On one of her trips she landed at Bunganock, and took on board ninety cords of wood for Boston. The price here was three shillings and ninepence, and at Boston, 1 Memorandum on cover of Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collections. ^ Dr. Ellis. Notes of Robert Patten. ^Ihid. *Ibid. 332 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. twelve shillings per cord. The crew were four in number, and the average wages of each was seven dollars per month. Several vessels were owned in Brunswick in 1790. On September 13, 1791, John Peterson made a request to the selectmen of Brunswick for an abatement of the tax on " one of my vessels, as she was cast ashore last Christmas da^' on Cape Cod, and by that accident I lost the value of one 3-ear's earnings of said schooner." ^ The brig Hope was built in Brunswick b}* William Stanwood and John Dunlap, a short time previous to 1800. They sold a portion to Richard Tappan. In January-, 1800, she sailed from Bath for Barba- does, AVest Indies, loaded with about one hundred and thirty thousand feet of boards, and one hundred and five thousand shingles and other small lumber. The crew consisted of Richard Tappan, master; John Dunlap, Junior, mate ; and Melzer House, John McDonald, Noah Moulton, 'Ihomas Stanwood, and Philip Cornish, seamen. They reached Barbadoes safel}', and from thence proceeded to the island of Tobago, where Captain Tappan met with a Mr. Kerr, of Grenada, to whom he sold his cargo of boards at the rate of forty dollars per thousand, and the shingles at four or five dollars per tliousand, to be delivered at the island of Grenada. Tlie^' sailed from Tobago on the third of March, and the same night, between Tobago and Grenada, the}' were boarded and taken possession of b}' a French privateer from Gaudaloupe. All the crew except the captain were taken out, and the brig was sent into Basseterre, Gaudaloupe, where she was con- demned. The first ofBcer and crew were imprisoned, but through the interference of a Danish merchant the}' were released and went on board of a vessel which he had purchased there and went with him to Santa Cruz. From thence they went to Saint 'Ihomas, where the}- waited for an American convoy from St. Kitts, which arrived in a few da\'s. With this convoy was the brig Hannihd, owned b}- the Dun- laps, commanded by Captain Nehemiah Peterson. This brig had also been taken by a French privateer, but had been retaken by the United States man-of-war John Adams. Captain Tappan and John Dunlap returned home in the Hannihal, the rest of the crew in the /ris, commanded by Captain Samuel Snow. About the year 1800 the ship-yard at Brunswick called Skolfield's was constructed, and vessels began to be iDuilt there. About the year 1802 a vessel of sixty-three tons was built at Lis- bon b}- a Captain Woodward, launched into the Androscoggin during 1 Pejepscot Papers. STAGES, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION, ETC. 333 a freshet and brought down as fjir as the booms above the upper dam. Here she was taken out of the water and hauled on rollers through the woods to what is now McKeen Street, thence down Maine Street to the cove, where she was again launched into the river and did good ser- vice for about twenty-five 3-ears. Dean Swift well remembers the cir- cumstance, though but a boy at the time. He saj's one hundred yoke of oxen were emplo3-ed in hauling the vessel on the land. In 1808, Mr. Robert Given built a gunboat for the United States navy, in a yard a little north of the ship-3-ard of the Skolfields, on Harpswell Neck. The contract, still preserved, was for thirt}' dollars per ton, the iron to cost twelve dollars and fifty cents per one hundred pounds, the vessel to be heavih' timbered, and the gun-deck to be of white oak and yellow pine. In 1819, George F. Patten & Brothers built the brig Statira., of one hundred and eighty-three tons, at Mudd}' River, I opsham. About 1820 there were in the neighborhood of 1 ,000 tons of shipping in Brunswick and Topsham, and about 2,000 tons in Harpswell, besides numerous small fishing-vessels. On September 20, of this year, the shipping list of the Maine Tntelliijertcer contained the an- nouncement of the arrival at Brunswick of the brig Americ", Otis, from Martinique, with one hundred and forty-six hogsheads of molasses consigned to the owners, Messrs. Dunlap ; of the sloop Eliza., Douglas (regular packet), from Boston; of the brig Maine, Sjdvester, with a cargo of molasses and sugar, and schooner Susan, Rodick, from the southward, both to D. Stone and others. The brig Maine appears to have been a regular packet, as this same list, under date of September 29, mentions its ari'ival from Boston, together with the sloop Ambition, with freight and passengers. A brig also arrived the same day from Bath. A wharf was built about this time on the New Meadows River, and one, seven hundred and fifty feet in length, at Maquoit.^ Pennell's ship-j'ard, at Middle Bay, was built about 1822. Wharves were also erected on the west side of Maquoit Bay al)out this time. In 1823 a small schooner called the Elizabeth, which was built about 1793 on Sebascodegan Island, was cast awaj' at the southern part of Condy's Point in the month of February. The crew, consisting of four men, were all badly frost-bitten. 1 hey were taken care of b}' the good people on the island until they were sufficient!}' recovered to go to their homes in Massachusetts. The schooner was loaded with fruit, groceries, and spirit. 1 Putnam, Description of Brunswick. 334 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. About the same year a vessel was built at Durham and hauled OA^er land to Maquoit. It was built by a person of doubtful gender, who at first wore woman's apparel and afterwards changed them for man's, and who was at first called Hannah, but afterwards Stover. Not far from this time Mr. Robert Labish built a vessel of about four hundred tons in Topsham. He had his lumber all ready at Lisbon to be conveyed to Topsham, but the winter being mild and the roads bare, he was unable to have it carried where he wished. Being a man of energy and determination, he went with a party of men, and, guided by a compass, cut a road through the woods to Lisbon, and hauled his timber through it. This road (not a highway) is still in existence, and is called Labish's Road. In the winter of 1824, Mr. Godfrey, of Topsham, l)uilt a vessel in Lisbon and had it conveyed on runners to Topsham, where it was launched. The experiment was a costl}' one, as the expense of get- ting her to Topsham more than offset the cheapness of the materials at Lisbon. October 11, 1825, the sloop Ambition, owned b}' Samuel Lemont, of Brunswick, and commanded b}' a Captain Perkins, went ashore at Sandy Bay, on Cape Ann, Massachusetts, on her way to Brunswick, and went to pieces. She had a full cargo of dry goods, valued at $10,000, none of which was insured. A part was saved, however, in a damaged condition. The goods were for Messrs. Stone & Morse, E. Earle & Co., 0. Nichols, and William Snowdon, of Brunswick, J. Dwinal, of Lisbon, and the Maine Cotton and Woollen Factor3', of Brunswick. March 27, 1830, during a severe northeast snow-storm, several sloops in Maquoit Bay were stranded and a portion of the wharf there was carried away. What is known now as the New AVharf Ship- Yard was first used as such in 1830. The new wharf itself was built in 1837, by Captain Anthony Chase, Captain AVilliam Stanwood, Israel Simpson, Samuel Dunning, Captain Robert Simpson, Captain John Given, David Dun- lap, Doctor Isaac Lincoln, and Stone & Morse. ^ Its cost was between $3,000 and $4,000. The earliest reference to what is known as the Alfred White Ship- yard, in Topsham, is in 1842. On October 8, of that year, the. brig Bernard, of one hundred and sixty tons, owned b}' B. C. Baile}', of Bath, was launched there. 1 Samuel Dunning. STAGES, RAILROADS, NAVIGATION^, ETC. 335 The first regular packet vessel, excepting those under the control of the proprietors, is believed to have been the sloop Friendsldp. In May, 1814, she was advertised to ply between Portland, Harpswell, Bath, and Brunswick, coming up the New Meadows River to the Turn- pike bridge, until she could have permission to go round Small Point, and then she was to run to Ilallowell and Augusta, as usual. ^ She was, possibl}', debarred from going up the Kennebec in consequence of the smuggling carried ou at that time beween Augusta and Castine, the latter being then under British authorit}'. The next packet to which any reference has been found was the sloop CaroHue., Skolfield, master, which was advertised on September 9, 1824, to sail from Brunswick for Norfolk and Baltimore. She had " superior accommodations for eight or ten passengers." On April 1, 1829, the sloop Hope, Captain Counelly, having been completely repaired, was advertised to ply regularlj- between Bourne's Wharf, at New Meadows, and Boston. The Hope continued on this route for several years. On March 24, 1830, the packet Maquoit, Captain Anthon}' Chase, was advertised to ply between Brunswick and Portland. At the same time the sloop Orlando, Captain Dunning, was advertised to go be- tween Maquoit and Boston. March 7, 1834, the sloop Union, Captain Jordan Woodward, was advertised to make regular trips between Maquoit and Boston. In 1836 the schooner Boston took her place on this route. In 1842 the " new and splendid" schooner Alice, Captain Robert Chase, made regular trips between Brunswick and Boston, touching at Portland. Her first trip was on May fourth. She was built ex])ressl3' for this route and contained " superior accommodations for passengers." On June fifteenth, of the same year, an opposition packet, the schooner Accommodate m. Captain Anthony Morse, was put upon the same route. Some uncertainty exists as to the fii'st steamer which ever made its appearance on the Androscoggin. Mr. Dean Swift, who has an excellent memory', and whose statements relative to many other events have been proved by recorded facts to be remarkably correct, sa^^s that the first steamer was a small, flat-bottomed one that was built about 1819, in Wiscasset, by a lawyer of the name of Gordon ; that he came up the Androscoggin in this little steamer, and then returned to Wiscasset with her. Mr. Swift says, furthermore, that a year or 1 North's History of Augusta, p. 417. 336 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELI two later Gordon built another small, flat-bottomed stean . •■u in Brunswick, and went with her to Ilallowell and thence to Bath, wii. rf> he sold her to Jere Hunt, who took her to New Meadows, cut her iu two, and made two gondolas of her. This statement is undoubtedly substantially correct. Mr. Samuel Dunning, however, thinks Gordon built his steamer on the Androscoggin as early as 1816, and he is positive that it was sold to the owners of Maquoit Wharf, and not to Mr. Hunt. Lemont ^ sa^s that the first steamer which ever went up the Ken- nebec was the To)n IJmmb. He says she was brought down from Boston in tow of a packet in 1H18, and steamed up the river ; that she was an open boat, about twenty-five or thirty feet long, with side wheels and with her machinery all in sight. He sa^'s, further, that the second steamer was fitted up on Governor King's Wharf, in Bath, in 1822, and that she was a flat-bottomed boat, and was called the Keniiebec. This statement conflicts with that of Mr. Swift onl3- so far as relates to the Kennebec Kiver. Ver}' likely the To7n Thumb was the first steamer to ascend the Kennebec, and the fact of a steamer coming from Wiscasset to Brunswick and Topsham a year later ma}' not have come to the knowledge of Mr. Lemont. In 1823 the steamer Patmt, Captain Porter, which had just been put on the route between Boston and Bath,^ touched at Pennell's Wharf at Commencement time at Bowdoin College. In 1824 ^ she ran between Boston and St. John, Nova Scotia. In 1825^ she was adver- tised to run between New Wharf, in Brunswick, and Portland. It is thought she made but a few trii)s to New "NVharf before her landing- place was changed to Bourne's Wharf, at New Meadows, where a stage for Bath connected with her.^ The first and onl}' steamboat that ever made regular trips to Middle Ba}^ was the Flushing, Captain Robert Chase, which plied regularly between Portland and New Wharf from 1846 to 1849. J. S. Gushing was the agent. No steamboat is known to have ever run regularly from Maquoit. The steamboat Rough and Ready used to go up and down the Androscoggin, about 1847, on excursions. On May 12, 1855, the steamboat Victor, built by Master Sampson, and owned by John R. Hebberd, F. T. Littlefield, and Mr. Woodside, ^Historical Dates of Bath, etc., pp. 71. 72. ^ Ibid. ^History of Camden, p. 153. * Advertisement. ^ Traditional. STAGES, EAILKOADS, NAVIGATION, ETC. 337 was launched at Topsham. She was well modelled and thoronghh* built, was eighty feet long and twenty-four feet beam. Her engine was rated at forty horse-power. John R. Hebberd commanded her. She was intended for pleasure excursions and for a tow-boat. She made her first pleasure trip about the first of June. She was the first steamboat ever built in Topsham, and the second built on the Androscoggin. In 1856 the pleasure-boat Elijah Kellogg, twentj'-two feet in keel and seven feet in beam, built bj- John Given, was advertised to take pleasure parties from Pennell's or Chase's AVharf. She was built expressly for this business, and is thought to be the first of the kind built here. There are numerous pleasure-yachts owned here at the present da}'. TELEGRAPH. The first movement for a telegraph office in Brunswick was in 1^53. On August 6, of that 3'ear, a meeting was held at the Tontine Hotel to take some action relative to securing the establishment of a tele- graph office in the town. Remarks were made by General A. B. Thompson, Honorable C. J. Gilman, and General J. C. Humphrey's. Messrs. ^Y. G. Barrows, C. J. No3-es, and T. S. McLellan were appointed a committee to procure the necessary information upon which to proceed, and the meeting adjourned to be called together again by the chairman, Colonel A. J. Stone, whenever the committee were ready to report. There is no report of another meeting, but the exertions of this committee undoubtedly led the way to the establish- ment of an office in town. The telegraph office was opened for the first time to the public in Brunswick, in January, 1854. I he line was owned by the Maine Telegraph Compan}', and its wires extended from Boston to Calais. This line was afterwards leased to the American Telegraph Company, and still later to the Western Union Telegraph Company. The first operator in Brunswick was M. H. Prescott. The oflice was situated on the corner of Maine Street and the depot grounds. It was afterwards removed to the depot, where, with the exception of a single year, it has remained. The only opposition line east of Portland, previous to 1877, was that of the International Telegraph Compau}', which established an oflflce in Brunswick in 1867. In 1872 the line was sold to the Western Union Company, and the instruments were removed to their office. 22 338 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In 1877 the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Compan}' opened an office in Brunswick. EXPRESSES AND HACKS. Upon the completion of the railroad in 1849, Carpenter & Co. estab- lished an express route and opened an office in Brunswick on the first da}' of August of that j'car. Mr. A. L. Stanwood was appointed agent, and the office was in his store under the Mason Street Church. Subsequently the company consolidated with other companies under the name of the Eastern E^xpress Company. In 1852 the office was moved to a building which stood on the lot opposite the foot of the mall, where Eaton's harness-shop is now. A few years later the building and office were removed to their present location adjoining the Tontine Hotel. Mr. Stanwood has continued the agent up to the present time, and it is worthj' of record that during all this time he has not been absent from duty for an}- cause, excepting for one day about the year 1854. The first public carriage other than stages was run to the depot by a Mr. Bean, upon the first opening of the road in 1849, and for a few years subsequently'. Mr. Ephraim Griffin began during the same j'ear, and has served the public fiiithfully as a hackman from that time to the present. Other persons have owned or driven public carriages for a longer or shorter time. BURIAL PLACES AND EPITAPHS. 339 CHAPTER XI. BURIAL-PLACES AND EPITAPHS. " I WOULD rather," remarks Edmund Burke, " sleep in the southern corner of a little country churchyard than in' the tomb of the Capulets" ; and doubtless the same sentiment is felt, if not expressed, by many whose departed friends repose in rural graveyards. The method of conducting funerals in olden times was substantial!}' the same as at present, so far as relates to the performance or non-perfonn- ance of religious rites. The mode of carrying the remains of the dead, however, from the house to their last resting-place, was slightly different. Previous to the introduction of the first hearse, in 1818 in Bruns- wick, and still later in Topsham and Harpswell, bodies were carried to the grave on stretchers and the coffin covered with a pall. In Brunswick, the pall was kept, at one time, by Mrs. Benjamin Stone. Usually eight men accompanied the corpse, four carrying it until tired and then being relieved b}"^ the other four. The stretchers, or biers, were made of poles, 3'oung trees with the bark on, and were discarded after being once used. They were not made for permanent use, but were hastily made for each occasion. Many of the burying-grounds in this vicinity are of old date. The earliest one in Brunswick of which there is any record or tradition was situated about midway between Bow and Mill Streets, fronting on Maine Street. It was just south of and adjoining the stone fort built by Governor Andross in 1689. This graveyard was used for the burial of the dead until about the time of the incorporation of the town. In this yard was the stone marking the burial-place of Ben- jamin Larrabee, agent of the Pejepscot proprietors, one of the com- manders of Fort George, and the ancestor of the Larrabees now liv- ing in this vicinity. Here also were the gravestones of Robert and Andrew Dunning, who were killed by the Indians at Mason's rock. The site of this 3'ard is now covered with buildings. Another grave3'ard, probably of still earlier date, though nothing whatever is known in regai'd to it, was situated on what is now a portion of Woodlawn Street, on the estate of Miss Narcissa Stone. 340 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. On the thii'ty-first of May, 1856, two skeletons were exhumed by the workmen engaged in grading the street. It is not unreasonable to suppose that these were the remains of some of Purchase's fishermen, and if so, the_y were undoubtedly' the first white people buried in this village, though perhaps not the first in the town. The old graveyard of the First Parish, Brunswick, situated one mile south of the colleges, has been occupied as such since 1735. In this burying-ground are many stones the inscriptions upon which are illegible, and in some instances the stones themselves have crumbled to pieces, so that only a small portion of each one remains. Of those whicli can be deciphered tlie following are of interest on account of their age, the quaintness of the inscriptions, or the character of those they commemorate : — HERE LYETH THE BO DY OP M» ANDREW D U N I N G WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE JANUARY THE IS'^" ANNO DOM 17 3 6 AGED 72 Y»^ IGGO Charles 2'i 1685 James 2'' -i r r i 1689 W°; & Mary " 1 •> ^ 4 1G66 1702 Queeu Ann 1714 George P' 1727 George 2' X^ordon Burnt 4Ierk lyes Buried the Body of SAMUEL MOODY, ESQ. one of his Majesty's Jus's of y^ Peace for the County of York & Comniiincler of his Majestys Fort George at Brunswick who D'ceas'd Sept. 22-1758. §:ureb TO THE MEMORY OF REV. ROBERT DUNLAP. First settled minister of Brunswick, Born in Ireland, Aug. 1715 Educated in Edinburgh ; Came to America, June 1736 : Settled at Brunswick, 1747 ; Died June 26, 1775, ^t. 60. "Behold a Sower went forth to sow." BURIAL-PLACES AND EPITAPHS. 341 The two following epitaphs are from stones in the old Baptist Bur}-- ing-Ground, at Maquoit. This gravej'ard was first used as such about 1794. The first epitaph reads thus : — • " To be much lov'cl in life mucli mouru'd in death, A widow'd husband of a wife bereft, With tears inscribes this monumental stone, Which holds her ashes and expects his own." The second is evidcntl}' that of a man accustomed to serious and deep thought. It runs thus : — " This langui.shing head is at rest, Its thinking and aching are o'er." The old burning-ground at New Meadows was first used as such some time in the latter part of the last cenlury. It contaius the head- stones of many former residents of that part of the town, but there are none that require particular notice here. The burj'ing-ground at " Growstown " in Brunswick was first used about 1813. The following inscriptions are found in it : — |n mnnorj) of ELD GEORGE LAMB who departed this life Dec 14 - 1836 ^t 48 Mr. Lamb was converted to God at the age of 15 and engaged in the minis- try at the age of 23. He laboured faithfully in his Masters service 2.5 j'^ears and died in full assurance of a blessed immortality beyond the grave. Remember how he spake unto you when he was yet with you. The following epitaph, which appears to us entitled to an insertion here, is to be found in this graveyard : — " Dear husband while you spill your tears In numbering o'er past happy years, But yet remember while you weep. With me you in the grave must sleep ; But the last trumpet we shall hear, Before our God we must appear, And theu with Jesus we shall reign And never part nor weep again." Pine Grove Cemeterj', in the village of Brunswick, a short dis- tance east of the colleges, was laid out in the year 1825. The land 342 HISTORY OF BRUXSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. originally was a part of the college groiinrls, but in 1821 it was deeded, b}' vote of the trustees, to Robert Eastman, Nalium Hough- ton, Abner Bourne, " and their associates, heirs, executors, admin- istrators, or assigns," so long as it should be used for the interment of the dead, and if not so used, to revert to the college. The amount of land thus deeded was two acres, which was bounded as follows, " Beginning at the southwesterl}' side of the old County Road lead- ing to Bath, at a stake and stone at or near the angle which it makes with the Bath turnpike, and running by said turnpike west 20°, north 12 rods, thence south 20°, west 26f rods, thence east 20°, south 12 rods, and thence north 20°, east 26| rods to the first boundary." The trustees also reserved the exclusive right at all times to hold as a place of interment for the dead " that part of the premises extending from said turnpike road on the westerly line of said lot, eighteen rods in length, and one and a half rods in breadth," subject only to such general regulations as should be binding upon other owners of lots. ^ This cemetery- is pleasantl}' situated, with handsome grounds and walks, which are kept in good order ; it is enclosed with a neat and ornamental fence, and contains many handsome monuments and memorial tablets. Major Lemuel Swift was the first person buried here. Among the monuments and headstones to be seen there are those of Presidents McKeen and Appleton ; Professors Cleaveland, Upham, and Smyth ; and Governor Dunlap. The tomb of President McKeen is in the extreme northwestern angle of the cemeter}', the head toward Bath Street. In form, this tomb is an ol)long rectangle, covering the grave, and about three feet in height. The pedestal is of Egyptian marble, and is surmounted by a heavj' slab of white marble, which bears the following inscription : — H. S. E. QUOD MORTALE FUIT ViRI ADMODUM EeVERENDI, DNI JOSEPHI McKEEN, S. T. D. AC COLLKGII BOWDOINENSIS Pr.ESIDIS PrIMI. Natus est Octob^. die XV? Anno Uoin. MDCCLVII, in Republica Neo-Hautoniensi, ubi primo in litoris luunauioribus institutus, honores attigit Academicos. 1 From origimd deed. BURIAL-PLACES AND EPITAPHS. 343 Postea Verbi Divixi miiiisterio apud Beverleam, in Republica Massachusetteusi, auuos septeudecim strenu^ juxta, ac ])eingne perfuuctus est. Novissime aiitem, Nostratinin omnium favore, ac praecipue doctorum piorumque, Collegium hie loci auspicate fundatum, quinque vix aunos, efi, qui par est, diguitate et sapentia, fldeliter, feliciter rexit ; donee, morbo Hydropico impeditus, Juliidie XV? Ann. MDCCCVII, in Domino abdormivit. Ingeuio fuit sagaci, judicio imprimis acerrimo, priscorum temporura gravitate aemulus, raoribus autem facilis, et benevolentia omnino Christiauus. Pietatem, doctrinam, artes optimas, quouiam gnaviter excolebat ipse, in aliis semper amavit, et quoad potuit, auxit. M. S. Monumentum hocce, . luctus, eheu ! solamen leve, at testimonium tamen, Senatvs Academicvs, P. C.i In the adjoining lot south is the monument of President Appleton. Its form is the same as that of President McKeen. The following is the inscription : — ^ Here is hurled what was mortal of the reverend and most learned man, Joseph McKeen, S. T. D., the first president of Bowdoin College. He icas born October 15, A D. 1742, i7i the State of Neio Hampshire, where, first of all, instructed in secular learning, he attained academic honors. Afterwards he discharged, actively as loell as kindly, the duty of a minister of the Gospel, at Beverly, in the Commonwealth of Massa- chusetts, for seventeen years. But lately, a college having been auspiciously founded here in this town, not quite five years, with the aiyprobation of all our countrymen, and especially of the educated and pious, he presided over it, as is meet, with dignity and loisdom, faithfully and fortunately, until, embarrassed by a dropsical disease, on the fifteenth day of July, in the year 1807, he fell asleep in the Lord. He was a Christian of sagacious mind, of especially acute discernment, in dignity emidous of former times, but courteous in mariner and uniformly kind. He always loved in others, as he himself diligently cultivated, piety, education, the best occupations, and, so far as he coidd, he promoted them. Sacred to the memory. This monument of grief , alas ! slight consolation, but yet a testimony, the Academic Council have caused to be placed. 344 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Huic tumulo maudautur reliquias REV. JESSE APPLE TON, S. T. D. Mariti Desidekatissimi. Patris Optimi. Almeque Nostr^e Academi.e Secundi Presidis. Vir fuit ingeuii acuiniue insignis. movibus compositis, ac aspectu beuiguo, majestatem quoudaiu praj se fereute ; sed morti inexorabili uiliil est sauctum. Eruditioue magna, inter literatorum principes justissime collocandiis ; at tlieologiciB scientiiB lauream praecipue meritus : hac eniin, quo homines audeant, cognovit et tentavit. Integra tide, disciplinaqne salutari, duodecim annos, res Academicas admiuistravit. Nimiis tandem vigiliis laboribusqne consumptus, sublimii ejus animo superuis iutento, ad quietem se coutuLt. Ita vixit, ut omnes moribund!, sic se vixisse, voliut ; ita mortuus est, ut omnes, sic se morituros esse, optarent : tamen voluit inscribi, se salutem sperasse in Jesu. Natus est Novera'.^ die l""?" Anno Domini MDCCLXXII. Obiit Noven\ '? die 12'"« Anno Domini MDCCCXIX.' On the south end of the tomb is inscribed : — Senatus Academise Bovvdoineusis, summa reverentia, lioc monumentum posuerunt.^ » To this tomb are committed the remains of ReverendJesse Appleton, S. T. D. The most regretted husband, the best father, and the revered second president of our college. He was a man distinguished by acuteness of mind, composed manners, and benign aspect, occasionally manifesting dignitij : but nothing is sacred to inexorable death. Of great erudition, most justly placed amongst the first of teachers, but especially deserving the laurel in theological knoivledge: for this, where men may presume, he examined and tested. He administered the affairs of the college loith incorruptible fidelity and ivith salutary discipline for twelve years. At length, worn out by excessive vigils and labors, his exalted mind fixed upon celestial things, he betook himself to rest.. He so lived as all ivho are at the point of death may wish themselves to have lived : thus he died, as all themselves about to die might desire. Yet he wished it to be inscribed that he hoped for salvation in Jesus. He was born November 17, 1772. He died November 12, 1819. 2 The trustees and overseers of Bowdoin College, with the greatest reverence, have erected this monument. BURIAL-PLACES AND EPITAPHS. 345 In the third lot south of President Appleton's is the monument of Professor Smyth. It is a heavy, reetanguhir pillar of granite, about ten feet in height. The pedestal bears the famil}- name, while on the northern side of the shaft is the following inscription : — WILLIAM SMYTH boru Feb. 2d 1797, died April -tth 1868. Below this is the name of his wife, with the date of her birth and death, and on the eastern side is a record of the names and dates of birth and death of several children. The second lot south of Professor Smyth's contains the monument of Professor Cleaveland, a plain ^^et elegant granite sarcophagus. On the eastern side it bears the words " Parker Cleaveland" ; on the south end is the date of his birth, 1780, while on the north is that of his death, 1852/^ Two headstones of white marble, one upon the east and one upon the west, mark the resting-places of wife and daughter. The monument of Professor Upham stands in the next lot south- ward of Professor Cleaveland's. This also, like the two last, is of plain granite, and is in form an obelisk. The pedestal is propor- tionately large, and bears on the western side the initials T. C. U. ; while on the south side is the date of birth, 1799, and on the north are the ho^nres 1872, the date of his death. The plinth bears the fam- ily name in distinct raised letters. The Dunlap monument is situated near the principal entrance to the cemetery. It consists of a base, sub-base, plinth, die, — with three marble tablets inserted, — cap, and bust of Dunlap. It is, without the bust, ten feet, four inches high, and of granite, though the bust is of marble. It was made by Simmons. Upon the north tablet is the following inscription : — SCo tljc picmovg of EGBERT PINCKNEY DUNLAP, who was three times Grand Master of the GitAND Lodge of Maine, and filled the highest places iu the Masonic Fraternity of the State and tlie United States, ' 346 HISTORY OF BRUXSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. This inonuinont is orcctod by the Fkf.e Masons of tho State of Maine. They knew his virtues ; Tliey honor his memory. On the west side EOBEKT r. DUNLAP was GovKRXou OF Maine from 18;U to 1838. He h;ul been Ixopresentative, Senator, and twice President of the Senate, in the State Legislature; and Executive Councillor ; and was afterwards representative in Congress and Collector of the Port of Portland. He honored every position he was called to fill by an able and faithful ilischarge of its duties. The State gives to his memorj' the tribute of its respect by inscribing upon this tablet its grateftil recollection of his many virtues and its high appreciation of his public services. On the east side is the followin!2; DEAKEST TO THE nearest : BEST TO THKM WHO KNEW HIM BEST. In Christ here : With Christ forever. Died Oct. 20, 1859. 2E.t. f.5. Inscribed by wife and children in loving and reverent remembrance. One of the oldest g:iave3ards iu town is that at New Meadows in the woods near Bartlett Adams's, where vest the remains of several liUniAL PLACES AND EPITAPHS. 347 tncnibors of the; 'J'Jiompson family. There are other burying grounds in lirunswic'k, some; of which are of recent dates and require no particular mention in these pages. The oldest burying-ground in Topsham of which tliere are now any traces was in tiic vicinit}' of James Mustard's residence, about two miles from the village on the road to Merrymeeting Bay. There are I)ut three or four stones remaining. They are of slate, and are in a good state of preservation. They are in the woods about a third of a mile from the road. The earhest date given upon these stones is 17r>2, and the latest 1771. The burying-ground war the old First Parish Meeting-House is the oldest in this town of wjiich there is any rocord. In 1 7(;'J the town purchased of James Hunter "the land on the soiitii sid(! of the county road where the graveyard is," paying therefor tincic p(;uiids ; and the same year the town appropriated £i) (>.s. H(J. '• f E S (.1 U I R 10, A Capt in the late American War where he served with reputation till obliged to retire in consequence of a wound received in an action a little preceding the capture of Gcnl Burgoine and army. He so far recovered his health and activity that he was elected to and sustained the office of Lt. Col. till his death. 348 msiORY OF Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. He was au affectionate Hiisbaud aud Parent aud his hos- pitalitj^ endeared Iiim to many who mourned his departure which was suddenly, in a paroxism of the cholic on the 20th day of Oct. A. D. 1797. Aged 50 years. LIEUT JAMES PURINTON Dec 7"" 1832 Aged 90 years. One of the revolutionary officers and Staunch supporters of the Eepublican Constitution. Several stones bear the following inscription : — Behold aud see as you pass by, As you are now so once was I, As I am now so you must be, Prepare for death and follow me. The third bur3-ing-gT0uncl in Topshara, in point of age, is the one about a mile west of the village, where the first Baptist or "old 3'ellow " meeting-house used to stand. In this ground are the remains of John Merrill, Esquire, Captain Peletiah Haley, and others of the early set- tlers who lived in that portion of the town. There was formerly a private burying-ground on what was known as " Ferry Point" (the point of land at the Topsham end of the iron railroad bridge). Here were buried the remains of Brigadier-General Thompson and others of the famil}-. When the railroad was laid out, the remains were removed to the village grave^-ard, those of Brigadier Thompson being placed in the grave with his son, Humphrey Thomp- son. The village burning-ground in Topsham was laid out in 1825, It is owned b}^ the proprietors of the lots. The unoccupied land is owned by Mrs. Susan T. Purinton. Among the inscriptions of par- ticular interest in this ground are the following : — KKECTED by the Baptist Church in Topsham |tt SStmorg of REV. CHARLES JOHNSON their Pastor, who died Feb. 29, 1836 in the 30th year of his age. BURIAL-PLACES AND EPITAPHS. 349 Behold a Christian's grave — He walked with God In the same path the dear Eedeemer trod ; He loved the Church and prayed for its increase Lived much belov'd & died in perfect peace. to THE MEMORY OF REV. OLIVER H. QUmBY who, having zealously proclaimed a full and free Salvation for all mankind through Christ, for nearly two j^ears, fell gently asleep in the arms of Jesus, at his residence in Lisbon, Jany. 23d 1842 Aged 23 years. " Glory to God " he cried. Then bowed his head and died, His soul was borne on angels wings To blissful rest, where seraphs sing. There are four graveyai'ds in Harpswell, one upon the Neck, one on Great Island, one upon Orr's, and one upon Baile3''s Island, the oldest of which is the one adjoining the old First Parish Mecting- Ilouse. The oldest stone in this j'ard is undecipherable. It was l)robabl3' placed there about 1 758. There are several interesting gravestones in this 3'ard, which the space at our disposal prevents us from giving. We insert here, however, the inscriptions upon the tombstones of the first pastor of that church, and of his wife, and also of William McNess, of the second pastor of the church, and of Deacon Andrew and Benjamin Dunning. The inscription upon Elisha Eaton's stone is as follows : — HERE LYES INTERRED THE BODY OF THE Revd MR. ELISHA EATON, first Pastor of the Church in Harpswell who triumphantly Departed this Life on the 22d of April, A. D. 1764. In the 62d Year of his Age. Est Commune mori, Mors nulli Tarcit Houori, Neque uUi ^tati Ergo. Memento Mori." 1 To die is common, death spares no nobility nor any age. Therefore remember death. 350 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The inscription on his wife's tombstone is : — ^0 ll^c gTemorg of MRS KATHARINE EATON, The virtuous Reltct of the Rev. Mt Elisiia Eaton, who Departed THIS Life April 12, 1767, M. 61. Here, Passenger, confin'd reduc'd to Dust, Lies what was ouce religious, wise & just, Eixt, in deep Slumbers here the Dust is giv'u. Til the hist Trumpet shakes the Frame of Hea\''n, Then fresh to Life the Waking Saint shall rise, And in new Triumplis glitter up the skies, Like lier be virtuous, you like lier shall shine. In Bliss above, immortal & divine. The inscriptions upon the other stones are as follows : — Here Lies Buried the Body of MR WILLIAM MACKNES, who Departed this Life May ye 12ti» 1782 Age 103 years Old. THE REV. SAMUEL EATON, 2> of his Ministry. Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord. ^atrtti to \\)t mcmorg of DEAC. ANDREW DUNNING, wlio was chosen Deac. of the Church in this town, June 17, 1767: which office he filled till his decease, March 27, 1808. iE. 81. His life was usefid his death peaceful. Sleep sweetly in the grave of rest. Which Christ perfinued and also blest Till he shall call thee to the skies, Shall bid thy sacred dust arise ! Survivors walk Christ's path as straight And enter in the heavenly gate. BURIAL-PLACES AND EPITAPHS. 351 Co t^c mrmorg of BENJ'A DUNNING ESQ. who with the utmost composure breathed his last Jan. 8, 1808 JEt 71. As a Husband, Parent, Christian, and civil Mag- istrate he was conspicuous. The Town, which for many years he represented. The Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College, and in fine, civil society, are" deprived of a useful, wise and peaceful member. But tho' his loss fills us with grief and pain Our loss is his inestimable gaiu For Thro' the ethereal blue, his soul immortal, Borne on angelic wings, at the third Heaven Arriv'd the spirits of just men made perfect, Joined in lofty hallelujahs to the sacred Time, eternity throughout. In this connection it is proper to mention the discovery, in 1861 , of an undoubted Indian burying-ground in Haipswell. It is on the farm of Henry Barnes, on the eastern side of Middle Ba^', near the shore. Fourteen skeletons have been disinterred. Though of course there are no headstones, it is known to have been an Indian burying-place by the appearance of the skeletons, the ornaments found on or near them, its vicinity to the " carrying-place," a tradition to that effect, and lastly b}^ the testimony of a party of seven Penobscot Indians who once stopped there on their way to Portland, and who pointed out the spot as an Indian burying-place and stated that there was once an Indian village near by. 352 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. CHAPTER XII. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. EARLY PROVISIONS FOR PUBLIC WORSHIP. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, by its incorporation of the town of Lebanon in 1733, established the precedent, which it has gen- erally followed since, of requiring towns, when incorporated, to set apart three lots, one for the ministry, one for schools, and one for the first settled minister. ^ The Pejepscot i)i'oprietors did not, however, wait for any legal enactment of this kind, but very earl}' set apart the required amount of land both in Brunswick and in Topsham, and also assisted in the erection of a meeting-house in each town. In 1715 the}' voted that the meeting-house should be located mid- way between the fort and Maquoit, and that the lots for the ministiy, the first minister, and the school be the centre lots. In 1717 the General Court voted to pay seven hundred and fifty dollars annuall}' for missions to tiie Indians, with board and lodging for the missionaries. The latter were accordingly sent to Brunswick as well as to other places. ^ It was probably in conse- quence of the above-mentioned vote that on October 3, 1717, several of the "•praying" Indians sent a petition to the General Court, " That y^ Great Governor and Councill would order a small Praying- house to be built near the fibrt the English and VS to meet in on Sabbath dftys. " S ABATIS [Mark] Warenovvbe [Mark] "Fort George AT Brunsw^ick Heneque [Mark] » Oct ye 3 1717. John Gyles, Interpreter.''^ The missionaiy to INIaine was Reverend Joseph Baxter, of Med- field, Massachusetts, and "he was particularly urged to use his best endeavors to bring over the Indians to the Christian Faith." ^ 1 Williamson, History of Maine, 2, p. 180. 2 Vaniey's History of Maine, p. 123. 8 J/ass. Archives 31, p. 9-1. *McKeen, MS. Lecture. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 353 The following extracts from Mr. Baxter's diary are of interest : — " On Saturday-, August 24tli, [1717] I went up to Brunswick, ^ and the next day preached in 3* fort, and 3 of y* Indians came to meeting in y'^ afternoon, when sermon was ended I repeated the heads of it, and Capt : Giles interpreted y™ to y® Indians, & the}' seemed to be well pleased therewithal. '' On Monday I had some discourse with y" Indians to shew them y* necessit}^ of sanctifying y® sabbath which was occasioned by their shooting a gun on 3' Sabbath day. "On Saturday-, Aug. 3P', I discoursed with several Indians at Brunswick ai)out Religion, and the}' seemed to be very well pleased with my discourse. " September y* P' I preached at Brunswick, and several Indians came to hear me. Capt Giles interpreted to them y' heads of 3* ser- mons, and they seemed well pleased therewith. " Octo'' ; &^ I preached at Brunswick and staid there y^ ensuing week & preached there on Octob. l.i"'." " While I was at Brunswick I was informed b}- Capt? Giles y' the Amberoscoggin Indians had sent a Petition to y^ General Court to have a Praying-house built for them at Brunswick to meet with y* English." [171'S.] '•January l!i*'' I i)reached at Brunswick, and there came o Indians to meeting, the most of y" Indians being gone from thence before I came thither. ''January' 26*.'' I preached at Brunswick." " A[)nl 20"^ I preached at Brunswick, " April 23''. I discoursed with Three Indians, one of them was inquisitive about things in Religion, and I had a great deal of dis- course with him." " April y® 26'** an Indian came to desire me to go to his squaw who was ver}' sick & like to die, accordingly I went to her with Cap" Giles, and discoursed with her about y^ state of her soul, & directed her how to get prepared for death, and she seemed to be verj' well pleased with what was said to her. " April y* 27'!' I preached at Brunswick." ^ From the journal above referred to it would appear that Mr. Baxter did not remove to Brunswick with his family, but that he came here upon several occasions to preach, and that he was at Georgetown ^From Georgetown. '^ Baxter's Journal in MS. in Library of Maine Historical Society. 23 354 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. during the greater porlion of his sta_y in Maine. The proprietors, however, deeded him " the second Island in Pejepscot River, coming out of INIerrymeeting bay," and he toolv np lots numbers 14 and 15 in Topsham, which were afterwards sold for non-fultilment of conditions. It will also be seen a little farther on that there was a house on lot numl)er 6 in Brunswick called " Mr. Baxter's house." In the absence of positive information, it is to be presumed that the propri- etors built a house for him, in the hopes or expectation that he would settle there. FIRST PARISH. 'I he first action in religious matters taken by the people was while Brunswick was a parish or plantation, under the Pejepscot proi)rietors. It appears by the records that : — "Att a Leagual Town meeting in Brunswick Novm*""" 3'' 1718, It was Voted That whereas the Proprietors of S*^ Township in their paternal Care for our Spiritual Good, have by there Jo3'nt Letter Sought to y* Reverend M'' James Woodside to be our Minister & in order there to proposed Conditions for his Settlement on their part. Wee the Inhabitance of Brunswick will Give Fourty pounds pr annum toward y'' support of y*^ S'^ Mr. Woodside & a Sum in proportion there to from this time untill May next (if he Come to us) & God in his providence Should Then part us. "' It was also at this meeting Voted That M'' Baxters house on y' 6"' Lott in Brunswick Be forthwith made habitable for y'' s'' Mr. Woodside. That y^ Charges there of y'' Transporting him & his fam- 0I3' from Falmouth to Brunswick be paid P^qually by us y'' inhal)itauce of s'' Brunswick & y* Capt Ciyles is here b}' impowered to se y*" Buis- ness etfected. " Joseph Heath Toicn C*^" The first meeting-house of the P'irst Parish was probably com- menced m 1719. It stood about a mile south of the colleges, where the old burying-ground is. It was not, however, finished for several years, and it is probable that Mr. Woodside preached in the fort. On May 8, 1719, it was voted, that : — "Whereas the Reverend M'' James Woodside for Some time past, has preached to us in order to his Settlement, some of us not being well Sattisfied with his Conversation,^ And thinking It most reason- able y* M' Woodside as well as our Selves should have further time * Used in the now obsolete sense of character. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 355 for consideration in so weighty an affair, Theirfore it is voted that if M"" Woodside please to Continue preaching to us Six Moneths Longer he Shall receive of }•* town after j" rate of £40 per annum provided those of us who are Dissatisfied with his Conversation (as afore Said) Can by Treating with him as becomes Christians receive Such Sattis- faction from him as that they will heare him preach for y'' Time afore' s"^." He did not give sufficient satisfaction, for " Att a Leagual Town Meeting in Brunswick Sept lO'** 1719 it was voted that whereas the conversation of the Reverend Mr James woodside is Displeasing to y^ most of us, which renders us unable to reverence him as our Minis- ter, therefore wee will not heare him any Longer as such. And the Select men are Impowered & Desired to grant a rate & Commit it to y'^ Constable to Collect So y' y'' S'' Mr. AVoodside may be paid accord- ing to our agreement with him viz. after y* rate of £40 pounds i)er annum his Time to begin y* 2** Day of Novem'' & Continue to y^ Date of this vote except y^ several^ weeks he was absent on his own buis- ness at Boston & elsewhere." [1721.] At a meeting of the settlers held May 6, 1721, twelve pounds was assessed upon the inhabitants for the support of the Reverend Isaac Taylor, who agreed with the proprietors to preach alternately in Brunswick and Topsham for one year. [1730.] In 1730 a chaplain was allowed at Fort George. The first minister who preached here after the incorporation of the town was Reverend Robert Rutherford. In the petition for an Act of Incorporation it was stated that the people had obtained " a pious and orthodox minister" to settle with them, and he was doubtless the one to whom reference was made, as he commenced his labors here about 1735. He does not seem to have had a formal call, however, for several years, and was never actually settled. [1739.] At the annual town meeting, held April 16, 1739, a com- mittee was chosen to make an arrangement with Mr. Rutherford, or if he should decline his services, to agree with some other minister. At a meeting held the following Jul}^ it was voted, "That the minister should preach at the southeast end of the town [New Mead- ows] according to what rates and taxes the residents of that part of the town should pay towards the support of the Ministry'." At another meeting held in September, it was voted '' That the Reverend Mr. Rutherford should preach at the east part of the town as often as ^Several or xeren; the lorithn/ ik illff/ible. 356 HISTORY OF BRVKSWILK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. lie pleases." A vote Avas also passed " That James Hue should have the cue half of the two hind seats to make a Few of on the southeast end of the meeting-house." [1740.] In the year 1740 the town appropriated £150 for Mr. Rutherford's salar}', and also voted to raise £200 as a settlement, " if he lives and dies minister of Brunswick," and to raise £66 13s. Ad. that 3'ear. [1741.] The town appropriated, in the year 1741 , £150 for support of the minister and £Q& towards his settlement. The proprietors also this 3'ear voted to la}' out a " ministry lot" of one hundred acres, near the meeting-house, on the south side of the road. To judge from the record, the settlers must have been accompanied at church ver}' fre- quentl}' by their canine companions, as the town voted, '• That each person that suffers his Dog to com to the meeten-hose one the Lords Day shall forfet the sum of tw^elve pence." [1742.] Reverend Mr. Rutherford closed his labors here early in the year 1742, having preached in town for about seven j'ears. In Februar}- of this }'ear a committee was appointed by the town to obtain a minister to preach, on probation, with a view to settlement. This committee does not seem to have accomplished much, however, for in June following another committee was chosen "to agree with the Reverend Mr. Jonathan Fierpont, or some other minister, to preach to us for two or three months." Jn September, the town voted " that y* Rev*^ Mr. Sam" Orseborne and y^ Rev*^ Mr. James Morton be neither of them imployed in the publick woorke of the Ministrey in this town for the fughter." And a new committee was appointed to secure the services of some suitable " orthodox " minister to preach on probation during the winter, and to be permanentl}' settled if an agreement could be had betw^een him and the town. The committee were authorized to advance £3 a week to the minister who might be emplo^'ed. This action was owing to the fact that there was a conflict between the eastern and western portions of the town arising from differences in religious views, and the town at this time having two ministers on its hands, in order to harmonize mat- ters, voted that neither of them should lie emplo3'"ed. The people in the eastern part of the town were principalh' descend- ants of the first settlers of New P^ngland. '1 hose Avho resided in the I west part of the town were for the most part Scotch-Irish Fresbytc- rians. The latter formed at this time the most numerous portion. The people of New Meadows wished to have the platform of the churches at York, Berwick, Kitteiy. etc., and " a Mr. Lumbers [or ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 357 Lombards], a busybody, was dispatched for a copy of Mr. Moody's platform." ' Besides tlie ministers alread}' mentioned, Reverends Blowers, Crnm- bie, and McClanathan were employed for a longer or shorter time. The latter not only preached, but taught a school for some time ^ At a meeting of the Pejepseot propi'ietors at Boston, September 20, 1742, it was voted that : — "• Whereas the Town of Brunswick is at present destitute of a min- ister, and is in quest of another minister. That Lott Number Eight on the South easterly side of tlie Twelve Rod Road leading from Fort George to Maquoit containing one hundred acres and fifty acres more adjoining to it on the south westerly side of said Lott, making together one hundred and fifty acres, be and liereby is granted to the First Learned & Orthodox Minister who shall be Ordained and Settle there & shall continue in the Ministry there for the space of seven years, if he shall live so long, to be to him his heirs and assigns forever. And if he should continue in the Ministry there during his lifetime, though he should dye before tlie expiration of said term of seven years, to be to his Heirs and their assigns notwithstanding. Otherwise to revert to the Proprietors." And it was also voted : — " That Lott Number Seven ^ on the Southeasterly side of the Road be & hereby is granted to the Town of Brunswick for a ministry Lott, containing one hundred acres, to be & continue for said use forever. Both the above granted Lotts lying near & commodious to the meeting house." In November of this 3'ear the town made an agreement with the Reverend Mr. Hodges, of Falmouth, to preach for five or six months on a salary of £3 per week. In Ma}', Deacon Samuel Hincklej' was authorized to secure a minis- ter to preach on probation, with a view to settlement, and the town paid him £6 '' for ten days going after a minister to suppl}' the town." Some question, probablj', arising about this time as to whom the con- trol of the meeting-house was vested in, the proprietors, at a meeting held in Boston, June 1, 1743, " Voted, Whereas tlie Proprietors out of an earnest desire to promote the pi-eaching of the Gospell in the Town of Brunswick did some 3'ears since signify to the Setlers or Inhabitants of said Town, ' Pejepseot Papers. 2 ibid. 3 'I his lot had been previously laid out for this purpose. 358 IIISTOllY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL That in case they would at their Charge provide & raise the Frame of a meeting house in said Town, tlie proprietors would at their Expence furnish Glass, Nails & other Materials & finish the said meeting house which they have accordingl}- done : It is therefore now agreed & Voted, That the said meeting house is to be & continue to the use of the Inhabitants of said Town, for carrying on the publick worship of God therein, and that no particular Inhabitant or Inhabitants, Proprietor or Proprietors, pretend to claim the same for their particular use or propei't}' contrary- to the true Intent and design for which said house was erected, or to the Exclusion of an}' of the Inhabitants from enjoying the Benefitt of said House. •'• Provided Notwithstanding that the Pew on the Right Side of the Front Door be & remain for the use of the Proprietors their Heirs & Assigns & wholl}' at our Disposal." [17-14.] There was no minister settled in the year 1744. A prop- osition was made in Februarj', however, to extend a call to Reverend James Morton, but the town voted in the negative. In March a com- mittee was chosen to procure a minister to supply the town ''for some time," on as reasonable terms as possible. [1745.] In May, 1745, Deacon Samuel Hinckley was selected as an agent to procure a minister, but he not meeting with success, in Octol er, Mr. Ebenezer Stanwood was appointed agent for that pur- pose, and was promised forty shillings for his services. [174G.] In December, 174G, the town voted to extend an invita- tion to Reverend Robert Dunlap, of Sheepscot Bridge, New Castle, Massachusetts, to preach with a view to settlement, and the selectmen were instructed to communicate with him by letter, and Messrs. Robert Given and Vincent AVoodside were chosen a committee to go after him, and were to be allowed twelve shillings per daj' for their services. The town also voted to pa}' Mr. Dunlap £4 per Sabbath, and a committee was chosen to take up a contribution each Sabbath to help pay the minister's salarj'. [1747.] In March of the following year the town voted to settle Mr. Robert Dunlap at a salary of £200 per year (old tenor), and with a SL'ttlement of £200 " when the war is over." The town also voted to hire a house for his use " during the present war,i and to pa}' the charge." As Mr. Dunlap was a Presbyterian, and natui-ally desired to be ordained by a presbytery, and there being none nearer than London- 1 Spanish or fifth Indian, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 359 deny,! it was mutually agreed between him and the town that the ordination should take place at Boston, and Deacon Samuel Hincklej^ and Mr. Ebenezer Stanwood were appointed commissioners to appear at the ordination and receive Mr. Dunlap in behalf of the town. The}^ were allowed £30 to defray the cost of the ordination diuner, but the expenses were afterwards found to amount to upwards of £60. The ordination took place in Boston, in August or September, in the meeting-house of Reverend Andrew Le Mercier, minister of the Protestant French Church, by a presbyter}- composed of Reverend Mr. Le Mercier, Reverend Mr. Morton, of Colrain, Reverend Mr. Davidson, of Londonderrj^, Reverend Mr. Wilson, and Reverend Mr. M. Lothlius.2 [1750.] In March, 1750, the town voted a present to Mr. Dunlaj), of £40 old tenor, and in Ma}' there was raised b}' the town for his salar}' £2Q> 13.s. Ad. lawful mone}', and £13 6s. 8cZ. to be given as a present, and tiie same amount for his '' settlement." At a meeting of the proprietors, held this year, Jul}' 9, it was voted by them to dispose of the vacant land at New Meadows, and to expend the money thus obtained in finishing tlie meeting-house. A note at the bottom of the records says that this assistance was not accepted by the town. [1751.] In 1751 the town voted to add £13 6s. 8d. lawful money, to Mr. Dunlap's salary, " providing he will take his pay in such specie as the town can pay him in, at the market price, otherwise Mr. Dun- lap must adhere to his first agreement with the town." At its annual meeting the town also voted to raise for his salary £40 lawful money, "• in such specie as it can produce in lumber at the market price," and £8 in cash. [1752.] The next year the selectmen were directed to petition the General Court to have Topsham annexed to Brunswick in order to assist in maintaining the gospel, " unless the inhabitants of Topsham will bind themselves to the satisfaction of our selectmen, to pay the Reverend Mr. Dunlap eighty pounds, old tenour, this year." 'Ihe Province laws at this time allowed the taxing of adjacents, which had no minister, and whose people attended preaching in the town which taxed them.^ The town also this year voted £40, lawful money, for his salary, " to be paid in lumber, landed in Boston at 'the market price, where ^Pejepscot Papers. 2 Greenleafs Ecclesiastical Sketches. 3 McKeen, MS. Lecture. 360 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. our minister shall order, two thirds to be delivered there b}' the first da}' of October next, and the other thii'd b}' the first of Ma^' next." What effect tlie petition referred to above had, does not appear from the record, but in all probability it hastened the efforts made in Tops- ham to settle a minister. The cause of this petition was undoubtedh' due to the fact that the people of Topsham, having no preaching in their own town, were accustomed to attend religious services in Bruns- wick, without contributing their due share towards the support of the same. [1754.] This 3'ear the proprietors made a deed to Reverend Mr. Dunlap of the one hundred and fifty acres of land previousl}- granted to the first settled minister.' [17.5.5.] About this time a meeting-house was built at the east end of the town, for the accommodation of the residents of tliat locality. Before the erection of this building, Mr. Dunlap used to preach in that part of the town in the barn of James Thompson, ^ which stood where Bartlett Adams now (1877) lives. During the war with the Indians he was escorted to the place b}- his neighbors, armed. ^ [1756.] In the ^ear 1756 the town, in addition to the usual appro- priation of £40 for the minister's salary, voted to pa}' the rent of his house for that j'ear. [1759.] In 1759 the town voted that the inhabitants of the south- east part of the township should have preaching ever\' second Sabbath. [1760.] In October, 1760, a committee was chosen b}- the town to call a council of ministers "to decide our unhapp}- differences with the Reverend Mr. Dunlap." The council consisted of Reverend Messrs. Smith, of Falmouth, Morrill, of Biddeford, and of Reverend Mr. Lorrain. The council resulted in the speedy dismission of Mr. Dunlap. It will be noticed that although Mr. Dunlap was a Presb}- terian, yet this was a Congregational council. The difficulties on account of which the council was held are said b}- Greenleaf "* to have been in regard to the payment of his salary. McKeen,^ however, implies that he was dismissed on account of " having become weak and imbecile in mind and bod}', owing to a paralytic shock." That Greenleaf was correct in his statement is evident from the following communication from Mr. Dunlap to the town, Avhich is given ver- batim : — 1 Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collections. 2 Mi;Keen, MS. Lerture. 3 Pejepscot Papers. 4 Ecclesiastical Sketches of Maine. 5 Brunsicick Telegraph, July ZQ, 1853. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUXSWICK. 3G1 " To THE Town of Bruxs" June 30^" 1760. ■ '' Seeing It pleased Divine providence to obstruct my Being at Londonderrey at the Last Sitting of the Pres'!'' which will appear by my Journal & other evidence If Called : I By advice of some worthy men ; ofler to y^ Considderation these proposals — "• 1!! that no mans monne^' or Rates Shall Ever Come Into my pocket ; or private use In aney Shape : as ministerial taxes In this town ; that Do's not adhere to m}' min7 " 'ily that Such as Be: or may be adherents To xnx min7 Have Liberty to pay there ministerial taxes & other Ecclesiastical Dues when they Go to hear the word : or have or may Joine In Conection : with the old Church of Christ In Brunswick : & Such as pretend ane}' Scruple of Concience In Joineing with us : I Lord not over tlieir Conciences the}- may xise their Christian Liberty : their monne}- Shall be at their own Disposal : I have always tho't this was the Best wa}' to pace : tho't I woud Eather quit m}- title to part of a town tax : or Rate then have a hand In Divisions : & uneasyness : I am no Longer able to Live under — " 2*^ proposl whether Deacon Hinkley & Capt. DaA'id Dunning: as we have a Rev**. & Good Presbr^. to go to, will continue their adher- ence, as I think wee agreed & signifyd, and for which I am now pre- ])aring & slill am Desirous of Such Government, & Do profess the west^minsf. Confession of faith to be the Confession of my faith unless better light offer to my understandin " 3'^ that whereas \oyx are or may Be aquainted : with ni}' Going to the wes''f Twice — " Pf to ask Counsel tending to the publig® Benefit & Tranquility & that our unhappey Divisions might Be heald : 2'yTo waite on the Rev** P BY which wind & weather Disapointecl me In : my Journal wil' Demonstrate. I therefor Intreate you would let me have m}^ Arears : of Last Sallary. I have no minuets of the exact time when I accepted y* Call But am pretty Certain It was In march or aprill after which I looked on my Self y"" rain"" tho' not really ordained : and went to Boston : to prepare m^^ self after which no pay was Rec"? B3' me from aney people for preaching the Gospel : as far as I can Remember : But Came to Brans'^ In the night of the eighth Day of July, which I am Reade}' to Depone. ' ' You may all See I am not wanting aney Charges : only my Just arears : which will Satisfy' & may possibly make us Easey. Sure I think I aim at the Honest part. 362 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. " Altho I spent of my own nionney about £30 Going to Boston : & hireing a horse, and riding to Derrey when I was ordained : — "• and these Last Expenses : which I am sure is more & not less : of wliich I saj' nothing at this time — "pr A meeting of the town was held not long after his dismissal, and a committee chosen to procure a minister to preach on pi'obation. [1761.] In March, 17G1, the town chose a committee "to treat with Mr. Fairfield or Mr. Whitwell to preach to us for some time, on probation, and to offer neither of them over eight pounds, old tenour, per Sabbath, and, if thej' refuse, to get somebodj' else." Probably the inducement was not sufficient, as neither of these gentlemen was obtained, 'and in August following another committee was appointed to confer with Reverend John Miller, of Milton, Massachusetts, as to the terms upon w'hich he would be willing to settle. At a meeting held in December the town voted " to concur with the church and give a call to Reverend John Miller to settle with us as a minister of the gospel." The town voted him a salary of £66 13s. 4rf., lawful mone^', and to give him £100 to enable him to settle, this amount to be paid in three annual instalments, one third each 3'ear, and if he desired to settle on the " ministerial lot," it was voted to laj- out £200 in a house and improvements. The arrangements for preaching were that Mr. Miller should be excused from preaching at New Meadows during the first three months of the year, and as a compensation to the residents of that portion of the town, he was to preach there every Sabbath for two of the summer months and ever}' alternate Sundaj' for the rest of the year. [1762.] In September, 1762, a committee was chosen to receive ]Mr. Miller's answer to the call given him by the church and town. His answer was as follows : — " By virtue of 3'our vote passed in your meeting the 14th daj' of September, 1762, as you then voted me a salary and settlement refer- ence being had to said vote, I cheerfull}- accept of 3'our unanimous and friendly otters and engage to settle with you as your minister dur- • Pejepscot Papers. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 863 ing life, unless something material happens, b}' being legally parted ; and I engage to conform to your vote passed September 1st, 1762, in regard to preaching at New Meadows so long as my health will admit of, or till the}- are set off, or otherwise voted, and wishing that we may by our preaching and example edif}' and advance each other's eternal interest and live in love and peace as long as life lasts. ''John Miller Juniok." The ordination took place on the third of November, the exercises being conducted b}' the Reverends Smith, Eaton, Lorain, Elvans, Weyburn, and Obeus. David Dunning provided an entertainment for the ministers and their attendants, by order of the town. [1768.] In 1768 some difficulties began to arise in regard to the singing on the Sabbath, and a proposition was made to set off a part of the galkny in the west meeting-house for the use of the singers, but it was defeated b}' a vote of the town. [1779.] The records contain nothing of special interest from this time until the ^'ear 1779, when the town voted to make Mr. Miller such a compensation for that ^ear as might be agreed upon, in consid- eration of the scarcity and dearness of the necessaries of life, and Messrs. Aaron Ilinkle}', Thomas Skoltield, and Captain William Stan- wood were chosen a committee to decide as to what sum was proper. Subsequently the town voted not to add anything to Mr. Miller's salary, but to leave it to the generosit}^ of the people, and the usual salary of £6G 13.s. Ad. was accordingly voted. [1780.] In 1780 the town voted to pay Mr. Miller's regular salar}' "' in i)roduce of the country, at the price such articles Avere in 1775, or so much of the present currency as will purchase so much of said articles." [1786.] In the 3-ear 1786 the town voted to allow the people in the east end of the township to " regulate the way of singing in Divine Service in the east end as the}' shall think proper." In June of this year, owing to troubles now but imperfectly understood, but prob- ably connected with matters of church government, the town voted to dismiss Mr. Miller from his pastoral oftice, and a committee was chosen to notif}' him of the action of the town. He must, however, have refused to accept his dismissal as [1787] on the eighth of May of the next 3'ear, agreeably to his own desire, a vote of the members of the church was taken, as to whether he should or should not be dis- missed. The result of this vote was nine for dismission and five 3fi4 HI>'JONY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. against it. As this did not seem satisfactoiy, the congregation was then called upon to vote on the subject. The result of this vote was twelve for dismission and eighteen against it. The town thereupon, without taking direct action,^ voted to raise no mone^' for his support. [178S.] In 178S the town again voted not to pay him any salary, and also voted to call a council of the neighboring churches to hear the grievances of those who were dissatisfied with him. As there is no evidence that a council was ever actually assembled, and as Mr. IMiller died before the close of the j'ear, it is probable that the calling of the council was deferred on account of his ill-health. [1789.] The next year a committee was appointed to pa}- the executor of Mr. Miller's estate the amount of his salary due him at the time of his death. A committee was also chosen to secure another minister on trial. [1790.] A committee was chosen in April, 1790, to invite Rever- end Mr. Cornwell to preach on probation; but in August the town voted not to settle him, and a committee was chosen to secure some other minister. [1791.] The following proposal was made to the town in Decem- ber : — " Six months I propose, at the desire of the Committee to supply the people of Brunswick as a Preacher, allowing me to be absent two months in the Winter, more or less as convenient, provided it is agreeable to the town. "Abra" Moore. "Decemb" 2;t)ns, oiglit t;iiik;»i(ls, Iwt'lvo cups, four tlishes, two t:il)loc-lotlis, ;»u(l two uapkins for the use of this church. '' That Aarou lliuUlcv ami Doacou l)uunini>; take charge of the coutributiou, and see the articles purchased as soon as may be. '' That Deacon Chirk and l)caev)U Sanuiel Stanwood take an account of the money eoUected at the west meeting-house, and Dea- con Snow and Deacon Whitney take account 'of the money coUeeted at the east meeting-liouse, before (K'livered into the hands o[' Deaeon Dunning and IMr. llinkley." It is dillicult to uniKM-staiid tlie necessity for this vote to purchase Ihigons. etc.. because (if tliere is no mistake in tlie date inscribed upon them) two thtgons, three phites, and four cni>s were presented to the i'hurch in \~M by In-njamin Larrabcc and John Minot. They are now in the pi>ssession ol' rrofesstn' A. 8. Packanl. At this same meeting of the church, it was " voted to sing Tate and Brady's version with the hymns aiuiexed thereto. comi>osed by Isaac Watts, D. D." JMr. .\arou llinkley declined serving as «leacon, and was excused. [17(>l.] This year an individual who desired baptism for his two children was obligeil to make a i)ublic confession of his crimintd inti- macy with Ann C\)nner, who subsetiuently connnitted suicide. [17('>.").] Septembers, the chuit-h mi>t and voteil to have a covenant drawn up and signed by each member. The t'oUowing is t'ound on the cover oi' one oi' the old records : — '• CH-tober 17G,') The people in IJrunswick began to quarrel with their minister, John ^lillcr, headed by William AVoodside Senior.*' [17()('>.] On May 9, ii church meeting was held to consider this "quarrel"; and at an adjourned meeting, held JNIay '22, the church voted that Mr. Woodsidc should apologize to the pastor He refused to ilo so, and the church then voted that '• Mr. Miller's Character stood fair in the eye of the church." [17()7.] May l;?. William Woodsitle was suspended until he con- fessed his fault to the ehuri'h and [)astor. [17()S.] July 2\K At a meeting of the church on this day objec- tion was otlercil to the l)ai)tism of a child oi' Thomas Thompson, ''■ on account of said 'lliomas standing iq) and reading the Psalm in the publii' worship of (»od." I'he child was, however, baptized. At a meeting on September ('>, William Woodsidc, Senior, opeidy asked the forijivcness of the chuich and the pastor, as to his i)ast misconduct, and was receiveil again into the church. A number of the members were also reconciled to each other at this meeting, an uncommon spirit ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BUUNSWICK. 369 of forgiveness prevailing, and the nienibers appearing to be " of one heart and of one mind." At this meeting Mr. Miller openly declared himself to be the pastor of a chnrch on the Congregational plan. [1770.] In Ma}-, 1770, the church records show that the members had been led to consider the decline of religion ; and accordingly a day of fasting and praj-er was appointed "to implore pardon of God, and his aid and help." The day was seriously observed. After public services the church met, confessions were made, alienations and differences composed, and tokens appeared of a reviving spiritual influence among the Christian portion of the community. [1771.] The question whether the church should be Congrega- tional or Pres1)yterian in form came up this j'ear. A meeting was held at the west meeting-house, which the members of the east end did not attend. Subsequently a meeting was held at the east end Avhich was attended b}- both parties. The next day some of the members at the east end met at Captain Thompson's, without notifying the other members. To reconcile the difiicnlties a meeting was held on [1772] .June IG, and the following agreement was drawn up and signed : — " In the first place we propose that this Church and the Discipline thereof be governed agreeable to the Congiegatioual Constitution and l)latform of the churches in New England — excepting the adminis- tration of the ordinance of Baptism and the Lord's supper to be administered agreeable to the custom of the Presbyterian Churches, and to have only one preparation day before each sacrament. " Consented to by me, " John Miller. " David Dunnixg \ Aabon Hinklkv I Samuel Clakk / > James Thompson ) Church Samuel Staxwooi)( G'^'nittee. -s=»4sAAC Snow j Thomas Skolfield/ " Voted and accepted in Church. " N. B. It is to be understood by the Pastor and the Church that the above writing was drawn up and executed in consequence of all difl[erences and uneasiness that did subsist between the Pastor and Church, and the same were adjusted and settled in an amicable manner." [1774.] At a meeting of the church, on May 16, at the west meeting-house, the above vote having caused some uneasiness, and 24 370 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. some of the members at the east end of the town not being disposed to comply with it, it was A'oted that the sacrament might be adminis- tered at the west meeting-house from the long table, the communi- cants sitting around it or in the body-pews as they might see fit ; and that it might be administered at the east meeting-house in the Con- gregational form. The ordinance of baptism to be administered in either form as persons might choose. [1785.] At a meeting held on September 13, the church consid- ered the matter of lay exhorters, who were becoming quite common in town. No action was taken, however, as some of the church evi- dently favored such persons. [1786.] At a meeting held April 17, the subject of chosing ruling elders was brought forward, and it was voted not to choose any. The church then considered in regard to the new mode of singing adopted at the east end of the town, and it was voted that the psalms and h3-mns should be read by the deacons, i. e., line by line, until all had had time to furnish themselves with books. Charles Thomas was chosen chorister at the east end, and John Dunning at the west end of the town, with liberty to appoint their own assistants. At a meeting held -lul^- 5, there was a pretty warm discussion in regard to the mode of singing. After a while the discussion turned upon the question whether the church was Congregational or Presb}'- terian. The meeting closed without settling the point. [17U0.] At a meeting held iu March, there being no minister, Stanwood Dunning was chosen permanent moderator. Several per- sons being asked why they had absented themselves from church meetings, etc., one replied, " because there was no order in the church" ; another, that he could not sit down to the Lord's table with a certain member; and others answered that "they had joined the Baptists." [1793.] Decemlier 18 the church voted a call to Reverend INIr. CotHn, and that the twenty-third of January be set for liis ordination. [1794.] Januar}- 22, the council for the ordination met. It con- sisted of Daniel Little, Kennebunk ; Paul Coffin, Buxton; Thomas Brown, Stroudwater ; Alfred Johnston, Freeport ; Samuel Eaton, Harpswell ; Jonathan Ellis, Topsham ; and the usual la\^ delegates. The ordaining services were performed the next day in the west meet- ing-house. The minutes of onlj- two church meetings are recorded during the whole of Mr. Coffin's pastorate. May 10 of this year it was voted that there should be four communions a year. June 26 it was voted ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BliVNSWICK. 371 "that candidates for the baptism of their first child should be pro- pounded as such one fortnight, that if there should be any objections made, they may be made in season to the minister that he may act accord ingl}-." On July 21, 1808, the new meeting house, which had been built by subscription, was given to and accepted by the parish, the north gal- lery being reserved for the use of the students of Bowdoin College, that institution having contributed funds towards its erection. After- ward, in the present building, the south galler}' was substituted in lieu of the north. On Februar}^ 8, 1810, the parish extended an invitation to Reverend "John Bartlett to settle over them. The call was not, however, accepted. On the twenty-first of April, of this year, the parish voted to petition the Court of Common Pleas for a remission of the fine that had been imposed upon them " for not being supplied with preaching." Since 1802 there had been no settled minister over them and a por- tion of the time no preaching, tlaough during tliis time Presidents McKeen and Appleton often officiated. On April 2, 1811, the parish voted " to appoint a suitable person to care for the meeting-house, sweep the same, and ring the bdl." This is the first allusion to any bell in town and this bell was undoubtedly the one on the college chapel. In October, 1824, however, the parish authorized a bell to be put in the tower of the meeting-house, and it was done shortly after. This, the first parish bell, was bought b}' subscription, and cost about five hundred dollars. ^ The college paid fift}' dollars towards its purchase, on condition that the parish would give them the right to use both it and the meeting-house, for literary- exercises on Commencement week and at other times for special pur- poses, upon ten days' notice being given. In 1817 the question of heating the meeting-house came up, and on the eighteenth of Januar}^ the parish voted to grant permission to have stoves put in. This was probal)!}' not done, though, at this time, for in 1824 the matter again came up and was referred to a committee, who reported it inexpedient to use stoves. Jn November, 1838, the parish authorized the assessors " to adopt the plan used in Eeverend Mr. Ellingwood's church, in Bath." In 1819, John Schwartkin, of Holland, was allowed to partake of the communion without a letter of recommendation, because he was a stranger in a foreign countr}'. 1 At all events, (he subscriptions amounted to a trifle over this sam. 372 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In Reverend Mr. Mead's replj' to a call of the church, in 18 2, he made it a condition of his acceptance that he should have the right to dissolve the connection with the church whenever the compensation he received failed to amount to seven hundred dollars a j-ear. His ordination services were held this year and were as follows : introductorj' prayer, by Reverend IVIr. Mittimore, of Falmouth ; sermon, by Reverend Doctor Fayson, of Poitland ; consecrating prayer, by Reverend Mr. Gillet, of Hallowell ; charge, by Reverend Doctor Packard, of Wiscasset ; right hand of fellowship, b^- Reverend ]Mr. Smith, of Portland; address to the people, by Reverend Mr. Ellingwood, of Bath ; closing prajer, b}' Reverend IMr. Pomcrcjy, of Gorham. Mr. Mead was dismissed, at his own request, in July, 182'J. On the fifth of that month he preached his farewell discourse, which was printed by request, and a cop}- of wliich is preseived in the libiary of the Maine Historical Society. During his ministry a creed and cov- enant were adopted by the church and a church librarj^ started, to which the books of the Brunswick Female Humane Society were added. About this time the attention of the parish was directed to the question of the ownership and boundaries of the meeting-house lot. The fencing of this lot and the legal contest connected therewith is mentioned in another connection. Jn Kovember, 1829, Reverend George F. Adams was invited to become the pastor of this parish. Having already been ordained, although without a charge, he was installed Tuesday, December 2'J. The installation services were as follows : — Introductory prayer, Ijy Reverend Seneca White, of Bath ; sermon, by Dr. Tyler, of Portland ; installing pia3er, l)y Dr. II. Packartl, of Wiscasset; charge, by Re^erend Asa Mead, of Gorham ; right hand of fellowship, by Reverend Jacob C. Goss, of Topsham ; address to the church and to the people, by Reverend Benjamin Tappan, of Augusta ; concluding prayer, b}' Reverend William Mittimore, of Falmouth. On November 27, 1834, Thanksgiving day, the meeting-house, hav- ing been repaired and somewhat altered, was dedicated anew. In 1835 the parish voted to receive an organ, in trust, for the church. Two years later the debt due upon this organ was assumed by the parish. On May 16, 1840, a motion was made in parish meet- ing to pay the organist fift}' dollars. This motion produced an ani- mated discussion. One individual remarked, " I don't wish to wound the feelings of an^- one. I have felt ver^- unpleasant ever since the ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 373 oigan came into the ineetino-liouse. It is not acceptable to God. It is very offensive. It begins to make a noise after tiie liymn is read, — before they begin to sing. It has a verj' immoral tendency. It keeps our minds from other things." No objection to the motion was made 1)V any one else, and the amount was therefore voted. In 1812 a n2w b'ill was p it in the to-.v3r in plac3 of the old one. which had been cracked in consequence of ringing a fire alarm on the seventeenth of December of the previous 3"ear. The cost of this new bell was about one hundred and fifty dollars, and the sum was raised by subscription. On February 15, 1815, the parish voted to have a new meeting- house built, and to dispose of the old one. Work was at once com- menced on it, and it w'as finished early the next year. Its cost was S13,101.68. It was dedicated on March 18, 1846. The public exer- cises were as follows : A voluntary on the organ ; an anthem by the choir ; reading of Scripture by Reverend Ray Palmer, of Bath ; prayer, by Reverend Jonathan Clement, of Topsham ; hymn, by Reverend John O. Fisk. of Bath ; sermon, by the pastor. Reverend George E. Adams ; prayer, by Reverend John W. Chickering, of Portland ; hymn, b}- Reverend E. G. Parsons, of Freeport ; benediction, b}' Reverend James Drummond, of Lewiston. Doctor Adams closed his ministry in August, 1870. When he went to Brunswick he was called from the Professorship of Sacred Rhetoric, in the Bangor Theological Seminar}', and by experience and culture seemed unusually well endowed for the work of the ministr}', which, with uninterrupted unanimit}', was continued fortj'-one 3'ears. ■' With p3rhaps as few trials as have fiillen to the lot of any of his contempo- raries, he was permitted to witness repeated special manifestations of the Divine favor, and a large increase of the church and of the societ}'. Having come to it when it was comparative!}' weak, he closed his long service when it had become one of the strong societies of the State. AVhen at last, after an unusually prolonged pastorate, at his own request, moved to it b}' an inviting call to Orange, New Jerse}', he asked to be released from this ministr}', he received a united and costly testimonial from his whole people of their affectionate and grateful esteem and affection." ^ Notwithstanding Doctor Adams's resignation was accepted b}' the parish, his formal connection therewith was never severed by an}- act of council, and he died the legal pastor of the society. 1 Church Manual. 374 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. In December, 1870, Eeverend Ezra IT. Byington (University of Vermont, 1852) was invited to supply the pulpit, and on January 10, 1871, he received a quite unanimous call to settle. He accepted and has remained to the present time, but no formal settlement has yet occurred. To this history of the church and society we add a brief notice of their Sabbath school. The following sketch of the origin and earh' history of the Sab- bath school is obtained from the church manual. The particulars were obtained from a private journal of the late Deacon John Perry, for many 3'ears an active and efficient member and officer of the church : — "In the winter of 1811-12 an account of a Sabbath school in England, in a newspaper, suggested to Mr. Perrv the idea of attempt- ing the same agency for good in this connnunity. He consulted the minister. Reverend Mr. Bailej', and President Appleton, about the expedienc}' of such a movement and the proper method of conducting it. They favored the project, but were not informed of the way in which such schools were managed. They, however, thought that nothing but reading of a religious character should be allowed. To the inquiry whether small children, abecedarians, should be admitted, after deliberMion of some daj's, they decided in favor of it, on the ground that unless such children were taught to read, the}' could never read the Scriptures. Mr. Perry then. Ma}', 1812, gathered some eighteen of his own and neighbors' children in the red school- house. School Street, during the hour before morning service. After the hour was spent, most of his school accompanied him to the church. The school was opened by Scripture reading and prayer ; lessons were recited in the Bible and primer. Those that could read, read in the Bible at least once, and the portion read he explained as he best could. That first season, closing in October, passed without an assistant or a visitor ; and so his service of love continued until in 1810, Mr. David Starret, a student in college (1819), was secured as an assistant, and more interest was taken in this humljle work. President Appleton exhibited decided interest in the movement. .\t his suggestion, several of the church and parish met in 1817 to con- sider its claims, and the first formal organization of a Sabbath school, as an element in the work of the church, was made. A superintend- ent was chosen, teachers were appointed, wider interest awakened, and the institution permanently established." According to another account with which we have been favored, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 375 " the first school of this kind was opened earl_y in 181G, in the cloth- room of the factory, hy Mr. Jacob Abbott, Mr Bourne, and Mr. Edwai'ds, the credit of suggesting it belonging to the former gentle- man. Deacon John Perry and several other gentlemen were invited to act as teachers. As the cold weather came on, the school was moved to the school- house near Miss Narcissa Stone's, and David Starrett and a Mr. Vance were the teachers. After a while it was moved to the red school-house." The writer of the above was con- nected with tliis school from its formation until 1826, and says that if one was formed earlier it certainl}' died out, as there was none in town wlien this school was formed, in 1816. The following is a list of the settled pastors of the cluircli, and of the deacons and members prior to the present centur}' : — PASTORS. Reverend Robert Dunlap, 1747-1760 ; Reverend John Miller, 1762- 1788; Reverend Ebenezer Coffin, 1794-1802; Reverend Winthrop Bailey, 1811-1814; Reverend Asa Mead, 1822-1820; Reverend George Eliashib Adams, 1829-1870; Reverend Kzra B3'ington, 1871. DEACONS. Samuel Stanwood, David Dunning, Samuel Clark, Isaac Snow. MEMBERS. (This list of members is supposed to be quite imperfect, but it includes all the names which can be found in the records.) List in the Handwriting of Reverend John Miller, waio was ORDAINED November 3, 1762. — John Miller, pastor; Jolni Orr, Mair Point ; Samuel Stanwood, deacon ; Ebenezer Stanwood, died July 18, 1772 ; Tliomas Adams, recommended to the church in Scotland, Jul}', 1765; William Ross ; David Dunning, deacon; Williarn Simp- son ; Samuel Clark, deacon ; James Ilewey ; Robert Given ; John Given ; Thomas Skolfleld ; John Gatchell, Senior ; Isaac Snow, dea- con ; Peter Coombs, died January, 1768; Peter Coombs, Junior; Aaron Hinkley ; James Thompson, renounced the church ; Alexander Thompson; James Curtis, received May, 1763; Samuel Whitney, deacon, dismissed to a church to be gathered at St. John's River, eastward ; Reverend Robert Dunlap ; Enoch Danforth, received May, 1763, from church in Arundel; Benjamin Stone; George Hayden, or Ileadon, or Iladdean, received September, 1765 ; Joseph Snow, received September, 1765 ; William Wilson, received December, 1762 ; 376 HISTOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. Samuel Snow, son of Deacon S., received October, 1765 ; Robin Mil- ler (colored man); Robert Dunnina;, received May, 1772; Allen; Andre^j- Dunning, deacon, received July, 1772; William Cot- ton; Daniel Browne, received July, 1772: Thomas Pennell , Susan- nah Orr ; Hannah INIoody, removed to Falmouth ; Hannah Minot, Catherine Smart, removed to Penobscot ; Jane Rutherford, removed to Georges, eastward ; Eliza Stanwood, wife of William ; Jane Stan- wood ; John Smart ; ^ John Minot ; - Jane Dunlap, wife of Reverend Robert ; Mary Spear, wife of Robert : EUzabeth Ross, wife of Wil- liam ; Mary Dunning ; Hannah Harward ; Agnes Simpson, wife of William : Martha Clark, wife of Samuel ; Anna Given ; Mary Skol- field, wife of Thomas ; Mar^- Snow, daughter of Deacoii-S., received October. 17(15; Mary Whitney, wife of Deacon S. W., dismissed to St. John's River, October, 1765; Sarah Gra^-, received September, 1765 ; Dorothy Gray, received September, 1765 ; Thompson; Thomp- son ; Ilinkley ; Ham; Elizabeth Hayden, wife of G., received Sep- tember, 1762; Dorcas Danforth, wife of E., received Maj-, 1763; Sarah Gray ; Mar}- Snow ; Sarah Dunning, wife of Robert, received July, 1772; Mary Hunt; Margaret Miller, wife of Reverend John; Elizabeth Dunning, wife of Andrew, received Jul}-, 1772 ; Mrs. Wil- liam Cotton, received July, 1772 ; Mrs. Daniel Browne, received Jul3^ 1772 ; Alice Pennell, wife of Thomas, died 1839 ; Sarah Car}-. Total number of members, seventy-two. The following names are found in a list of those admitted to the church during Mr. IMiller's ministry, which are not found in the preceding one. This list is apparently also in Mr. Miller's handwriting. Daniel Hunt, James Elliot, William Dunning, Ephraim Hunt, Samuel Dunlap, Joseph Morse, Joseph Hale}-, Janett Hunt, wife of Daniel, Ruth Elliot, wife of James : all received April 20, 1783. A List of Members who signed a Church Document which is WITHOUT Date, but is at least as late as 1783, as it includes three Names admitted in 1783. — Judah Chase; Robert Dunning; William Stanwood ; Samuel Stanwood, Junior ; Samuel Stanwood, 3d ; Lewis Simpson ; Stephen Skolfield ; William Woodside ; Daniel Woodside, Junior ; Anthony Woodside ; David Dunning ; David Dunning, Junior ; Andrew Dunning ; Samuel Stanwood ; John Dunlap ; William Stan- wood, 2d ; William Spear ; Samuel Dunlap ; John Swett ; James Cary ; William Stanwood, 3d. > Pcjepscot Papers, 5, p. 311, et seq. 2 Jijid. ECCLESIASTICAL IIISrORY OF BRUNSWICK. 377 In a list of cliurch iiicinhors (liiring the ministry of Keverenfl Eben- ezer Coffin and subsequently, the following are not found in previous lists : — William Owen ; Patrick Kincaid, deacon, July, 1800 ; Tobias Still ; James Curtis, deacon, removed to Lisbon ; Mary Owen ; Sarah Given ; Martha Ross ; Mrs. Eunice Harding : Mrs. Hannah Lunt, received August, 1795 ; Jeremiah Minot. received August, 1796 ; Jane Dunlap, received August, 179G; Mrs. Goss, received May, 1801. On account of the former connection of the First Parish with the town, an account is here inserted of the r^^RISn FUND. The origin of the fund was this : The meeting-house, which Avas built in 1806, was built by individuals with the understanding that the pews should be sold at auction, and that all that was paid over the amount needed to reimburse the builders was to go to the parish as a ministerial fund, only the interest of which was to be available for parish purposes. This fund could be added to by donations and other- wise, but the principal was not to be used. In 1816 the oveiyhis of the town Commons — one hundred and uinetN'-seven acres — was set off to the parish and was afterwards sold to Mr. John Given. The l)i'oceeds of the sale were added to this fund. This overplus of the Commons was the amount of land over the one thousand acres, which by the jn'oprietor's deed of 1783 was to go to the First Parish. It was not the '• ministerial lot" of one hundred acres laid out by the proprietors in 1741. What became of the proceeds of the sale of the latter, we do not know. It may have been expended in building the first two meeting-houses. It formed no part of the parish fund. This fund is said at one time to have amounted to $5,000 or more. At first it was loaned to individuals, and some of the loans were lost by the parties dying insolvent. Afterwards the trustees of the fund bought some thirt}' or more pews in the meeting-house, and loaned the balance of the funds to the parish. By bad management this fund has dwindled away, and nothing now remains but a small lot of land back of the church. BAPTIST SOCIETIES. The first services in Brunswick by an}' preacher of the Baptist denomination were held in the year 1783. About this time Elders Case, Potter, and Lord preached here in some private houses, and though it is not known that they made an}' converts, the attention of 378 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPS WELL. the people was thus drawn to their particular theological A'iews. On October 21, 1783, Reverend Isaac Case arrived in town. The next afternoon he preached at the house of a Mr. Woodard, and on the afternoon of the following da^-, he preached at the house of Mr. Samuel Getchell.^ In 1789^ or 1790, ^ Samuel Woodard and others formed tliemselves into a Baptist Society and refused taxes to the First Parish. In May, 1790, Joseph Morse entered in the town records his protest against ever paying an3'thing to any Congregational or Presbj-terian preacher. On June 20, 1794, Judah Chase, William Mariner, Aaron Snow, Samuel ^Mariner, John Getchell, John Mariner, Charles Cowan, Peter Jordan, Robert Jordan, Anthony Woodside, David Ferrin, John Fer- rin, Robert Dunning, David Clark, Benjamin Getchell, Stephen Getchell, John Williams, George Williams, Philip Higgins, Reuben Higgins, Sylvanus Combs, Philip Higgins, Jr., Samuel Williams, AYilliam Thompson, Joseph O'Donehue, Joseph Morse, Richard Orr, William Stanwood, Samuel Dunlap, Daniel Brown, Philip Owens,"* Samuel Iluey, Joseph Ross, John Mariner, Jr., Josiah Simpson, Michael Grows, Nathan Combs, George Winsjlow, Joseph Saint Combs, AVilliam Dunning, Samuel Woodward, Peter Woodward, Wil- liam Gatchell, Jr., Fzekiel Spaulding, Ezekiel Spaulding, Jr., John S. Gatchell, John Ridout, Samuel Gatchell, John Matthews, David Lin- scot, William Woodside, Jr., George Combs, and George Combs, Jr., were incorporated by the name of " The Baptist Religious Society IN Brunswick, Haupswell, and Bath." ^ Previous to this time the society had no legal existence. In May, 1795, the town voted to pass by the fourth article in the warrant concerning allowing the Baptists to use the meeting-houses a part of the time. The following is a list of the names of those who joined the Baptists in 1796 : — On jNIarch 4, David AVhiine}', Simeon Whitne}', Saiuuel Bean, Joshua Purinton, Abraham Capelon, Lemuel Standish, Jonathan Osgood, Jr., Jonathan Osgood, Francis Winter, Benjamin Chefford, Charles Peter- son, William Grace, John Grace, James Ward, Thomas Crawford, Thomas McKenny, Isaiah Crooker, Hannah Crooker, Elijah Williams, Thomas AVilliams, Jr. > Millctt. 2 Greenleaf's Ecclesiastical SJi-ctches. ^Pejepscot Papn-s. *Said to have been the first person ever baptized by immersion in Brunswick. 5 Massachusetts Special Laws, 1, p. 529. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 37!) On March 10, William Swauton, Jr., John Lowell, Otis Little, Patnck Murray, On March 12, Joseph West, James Wakefield. On March 14, John Whitmore, James Mitchell, Eliphalet Lowell, William S. Crooker, Samuel Lumber, Joseph Lumber, Birduck Berry, Thomas Mitchell. On March 16, John McFarlan, John Eneos, Patrick Williams, Thomas Williams, John Williams, Joshua Williams, John Campbell, John Lemont, Stephen Combes, Stephen Combes, Jr., Thomas Combes, John Holbrook, John Sprague, Simeon Higgins^ Jacob Low, James Low, Zedoc Lincoln, William Marshall, William Marshall, Jr. On March 17, William Jackson, Edward Oliver, Christopher Daley. On March 18, Samuel Davis, James Davidson, Samuel Todd, Simeon Tumor, Charles Lincoln, Jonathan Ryon, Benjamin Brown, Jr., Elliphalet Brown, David Coultson, Patrick Grace, Nathaniel Springot, John Sinclair. ^ In 1798 the town voted " to allow the Baptist Society their extraor- dinary' expense in the lawsuit between them and the other society in this town," which was to be in full of all demands. The object of this suit is nowhere stated, but the record of the Court of Common Pleas shows that at the October term of Court in 1795, "Samuel Woodward of Brunswick in the County- of Cumberland, Clerk and Teacher of Piety, Religion and Morality," brought a suit against the inhabitants of Brunswick, one of whom was Thomas Thompson, a deputy sherif}', in a plea of the case that the inhabitants were indebted to the said Woodward in the sum of £10 17s. Gd. The plaintiff failed to recover, and costs were awarded to the defendants for nine- teen dollars and eight3'-six cents. The plaintiff appealed to a higher court. This was probably the lawsuit referred to, though we cannot be certain about the matter, since the oiiginal papers cannot be found. It is probable that there was an assessment of taxes made by the town, which was also the First Parish, upon property of some kind, to sustain preaching, and the suit was instituted by this society to obtain its share of the amount collected. Li 1799, Philip Owen, William Dunning, Daniel Brown, Judidi Chase, Samuel Dunlap, J( siah Simpson, Anthony Woodside, Michael Grows, and Joseph Ross withdrew from this society and formed one at Maquoit. 1 Pejepscot Papers. 380 HIsrORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HAHPSWELL. The nieetiiisi-lKMise of the Bninswick, IIari)swell, ami Bnth society was at New Meadows. The date of its erection, accovdina: to the inscription upon the present building-, was about 1800. The records of this eliureli are in existence, but we liave not been able to procure the loan of them and are tlierefore unable to give any furtlier account of it. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OK BRUNSWICK. [1791).] A small number of persons having been led to embrace " Believers' Baptism," thought it miglit conduce to the glory of God and their comfort to be embodied togetlier in church order. They therefore applied to the church in North Yarmouth and the church in Harpswell. of tlie Bai)tist order, for tlioir assistance. Agreeably with this request tlie elders and messengers fi'om tliosp churches, together with Eldei' Williams, met at the Bai)tist meeting-house at Maquoit, on the second week in September, 1 7!tl). Elder Woodward preached a ser- mon in the forenoon on the nature of church order. The brethren and sisters who met to be embodied were examined with regard to their articles of faith and covenant, and it api)earing that they had adopted the same which is embraced by the Bowdoin- ham Association, a summary of which is printed in their minutes, the council decided to give them the hand of fellowship as a distinct Bap- tist church. The names of those thus embodied were, Judah Chase, Samuel Dunlap, William Stanwood, Sarah Woodside, Philip Owen, Mrs. Ross, wife of William Ross, and J. Merrill. Mr. Merrill was dismissed from the Bowdoin church and the others from the Harpswell church in order to form this new church in Brunswick. William Woodside was baptized, and then the church made choice of Samuel Dunlap as deacon. Elder AVilliams having for some time preached to the Baptist society in Brunswick and in Topsham, they mutually requested him to remove his residence among them and preach for the two societies alternatelv. The invitation was accepted, and he moved with his family to Brunswick, January 24, 1800, i)reaching half the time for the Baptist society in Brunswick, and half for the Baptist society in Topsham. On the fifteenth of April, 1800, an arrangement was made by which Pillder Williams should preach for the ensuing year for the socie- ties of Brunswick and Topsham, each society paying one hundred dollars for his services. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUM'S WICK. 381 In April, 1801, Elder AVillianis was engaged to preach for the Brunswick society alone at a salar}' of two hun(h-ed dollars, and in April, 1802, he was engaged to supply the pulpit for another year. In the spring of 1803 he removed to Beverly, Massachusetts, having preached his farewell discourse on the tvvent3--fourth of April. " After Elder Williams left us, a Brother Kendall providentiall}- fell in here and preached for us." ^ On the twent}'- second of February, 1803, Philip Owen, William Dunning, Daniel Brown, Judah Chase, Samuel Duulap, Josiali .Simp- son, Anthon}- Woodside, Michael Grows, Joseph Ross, Sanuiel Stan- wood, William Woodside, Andrew Blake, Abraham Toothaker, VN'il- liam Starbird, David Curtis, James Stanwood, Adam Woodside, David Dunning, AVilliam Ross, Frederic French, Nathaniel Chase, James Chase, AVilliam Swett, Shimuel Owen, Al)ner Melcher, AN illiani Low, Charles Rjan, Ephraim Hunt, William Lunt, Andrew Dunning, William Hunt, Anthou}' Chase, Gideon Toothaker, John Given, Daviil Given, and Uriah Elliot were incorporated as the Baptist SOCIKTY IN BkUNSWICK. TIk^ following is a list of the members of the church in 1803 : Deacon Samuel Dunlap, Jndah Chase, Philip Owen, John IVIerrill, Esquire, Wm. Woodside, Mis. Sarah Woodside, Mrs. Ross, wife of Wm. Ross, Abraham Toothaker and his wife, Betse}' Owen, Molly Toothaker, Jane Curtiss, Molly Merryman, Mr. Browning and Mrs. Browning, Elisha Snow, Jean Dunning, Betsey- Alexander, Martha Hunt, Jane Martin, Mrs. Snow, wife of Elisha Snow, Mrs. Brown, wife of Daniel Brown, Sarah Alexander, JNIrs. Sparks, Hitty Hase}', Abner Melcher, Nal)!)^- Atherton, Katharine Willson, Andrew Blake, lleziah Blake, Peggy Stanwood, Ann Chase, and Shimuel Owen. On September 8, 1804, Elder Titcomb, of Portland, at the request of the church and society, agreed " to minister to them in holy things." This invitation was formally extended by the society on August 29, 1805, and was accepted by him on the first of the following September. On June 2, 1821, Elder Titcomb was dismissed at his own request, and received a letter of recommendation to other churches. The church was destitute of a settled pastor for some time, but had occa- sional preaching from Elder Titcomb and others. On January 23, 1822, Benjamin Titcomb, Jr., was ordained, the churches in Topsham, Portland, North Yarmouth, Bath, Harpswell, and Freeport assisting. On November 1 1 of the same 3'ear a com- '^All of this account Js from the church and parish records- 382 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. mittec consisting of David (iivon, Jolm O'Brien, and Ephraini Brown was chosen " to provide a suitable place in the village and also an- other at Maqnoit.' to meet in the winter for worship, and to take into consideration cjur present difficult situation in regard to making a selection of a teacher for the present j-ear." On the eleventh of March, 1824, it was voted tliat Elder Benjamin Titcoml) continue his labors in the church as usual. On the ninth of August of that year Shinuicl Owen, a member of this church. Avas ordained as an evangelist. In Xovember, a conunittee was appointed to ascertain the minds of the individual church members as to whether they were satislied with the labors of Elder Titcomb. It appears from the records that the church had been somewhat divided, and on the sixth of April. 182."), it was voted that -'this church views with abhori'ence and detestation their present state as a church, and feeling desirous to walk together in the faith and fellow- ship of the gospel, we do hereby unitedly agree to bnr}' forever in oblivion all hardness which we mav have felt or do now feel in onr minds against any of our brethren or sisters, and that we will, with the help of the Divine Spirit, freely and voluntarily forgive all that ma}' have trespassed against us." Up to this time the whole member- ship of the church was about one hundred and fifty. - On the tenth of April the following members requested to be dis- missed to form themselves into a church, or to join some other church, and the request was granted : — Aaron Dunning, Philip Owen, Catharine II. Putnam, INIarv Hum- phreys, Sarah Owen, Margaret Donahue, Elizabeth Gould, Nancy Swift, Elizabeth Dunning, Marj' Blake, Marv Chase, Betsey Petingill, and Sarah Stanwood. At the same meeting the church refused to grant permission to two of^its members to withdraw and join the church of the Second Societ}', and a committee was chosen to prci)arc a statement of facts relative to the conduct of the other church since its formation. On the twenty-sixth of June. 1820, a petition was addressed to Peter O. Alden, Esquire, a justice of the peace, requesting him to issue his warrant to one of the subscribers, directing him to call a meeting of those persons who were desirous of being incorporated into a religious society, to be called the Eiust Baptist Rkligious Society of Brunswick. 1 There was no chimney in the Maquoit meeting-house, and there was therefore no way of hcalinrj it. ' -^Millet. ECCLESIASTICAL IlISTOUY OF BRUNSWICK. 383 In accordance with this petition, P^squire Aklen issued his warrant to Ephraim Brown, directing him to call a meeting of the petitioners on the eighth day of Jul}'. 1826. At this meeting the society was organized by the choice of the following officers : — John Brown, moderator ; Jonathan Snow, clerk ; David Given. John Brown, and Captain John Given, Jr., assessors; David Given, col- lector and treasurer; John Brown, David Given, Ephraim Brown, and Samuel Given, standing committee; Ephraim Brown. William II. Morse, William James, wardens ; Nathaniel Melchcr, sexton. This organization was virtually the same as that incorporated in 1803 as the '• Baptist Society in Brunswick." Many of its members had withdrawn and had established themselves as a society in the village, called the " Second Baptist Society." It is quite probable that the officers of the old societ}' were among those who seceded, and being thus left without an organization, the remaining members applied to a justice of the peace under the laws of Maine, for authority to reorganize under a slighth' different name. In Jul}- the society voted to raise two hundred dollars for the ensu- ing year. On September, 1826, the churches of the First and Second Societies met to discuss their differences. The church of the First Society claimed that the other church had no right to admit as members those who were excluded from the former, until the}' had been restored to fellowship and regularly dismissed by it. The church of the Second Society claimed that they had a right to admit such members, so long as the other church had nothing against the Christian character of these individuals. No agreement was reached between the two. In November, Adam Wilson was invited to preach one half the time. On January 8, 1827, it was voted to join in fellowship with the Second Church, which had acknowledged some irregularities in receiv- ing members who were excluded from the First Church. On February 23, Elder Benjamin Titcomb asked permission to preach to those of the society who resided in the village, or to hold meetings in that part of the town, and it was voted " that it is the opinion of this church that Elder Titcomb is at liberty to preach any- where in this town where he views it to be his duty." In April some of the members of the old society complained that many members absented themselves and attended Mr. Titcomb's meeting in the vil- lage instead of their own. It had been the practice for some years to hold the meetings of the society in the village in the winter, and at the old meeting-house at 3S4 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, JOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. Maqiioit in the summer. This year, on June 1, the vinage members requested that the meetings might continue in the village through the summer, but it was voted not to do so. A few days later thirteen members petitioned for liberty to attend meeting in the village, as it would be more convenient for them, but their request was not granted. In October, Elder Titcomb asked a dismissal, Avhich was granted him, and also to Mar^-, his wife, and to Elizabeth Titcomb, Ephraim Brown, and Kebecca, his wife, Thomas Stanwood and wife, Thomas JVoycs, Joanna Moore, and Marj- R. Dunlap ; and on the third of November, Joshua Bishop, David Wilson, William Kandall, Mary Perkins, Patience Bishop, James Wilson, Isabelle INIerryman, and Puth Skol- field, of Harpswell, were dismissed to form a church in that town. On January- 4, 182«, a resolution was passed that Elder Titcomb, Ephraim Brown, John O'Brien, and others, " having asked dismission for the purpose of uniting with some otlier church, and having joined the Fu'st Church at Bath, and under their patronage have established a meeting in the villnge while there is already one church of this faith there, causes us grief, and we i'eel in duty bound to express disfellow- ship with such a procedure." During the summer of this j'ear, thirt3--eight were added to the church. In consequence of the action of the First Baptist Church in Bath in sustaining the new movement in Brunswick village, a council was held February 2!), 1821), to settle the ditficulties between that church and the First Baptist Church in Brunswick, but the action of the council is not recorded. On Maj' 31, however, the Bath church sent a confes- sion of their wrong-doing in having set up a branch church in Bruns- wick without consultation with the churches already existing there. This action of the Bath church evidently reconciled this church to tlie formation of the new one in the village, for on October 11, Jonathan Snow and Thomas Ward were chosen delegates to assist in organizing the branch of the Bath church, known as the Federal Street Church, in Brunswick, into an independent church. The pulpit of the Maquoit or First Baptist Church had been sup- plied during the past three years by Elders Sanuiel Mariner, Adam Wilson, iShimuel Owen, and Ilenr}' Randall. ^ On May 22, 1830, it was agreed to try to raise mone}' by subscrip- tion for the support of the gospel. On the twentieth of August, 1831, it was voted that Elder John ' Millett. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF URUXSWICK. 385 Bailey, formeil3' of AViscasset, take the pastoral care of the church. He resigned his pastorate in June, 1833. Elder "William Johnson became pastor of the church in 183G, and continued in that capacity until 1840. In Jul}', 1836, Elder Noah Norton and wife were received bj' letter from the Baptist Church in Bowdoin. In 1838 the parish voted to raise by tax one hundred and fifty dollars for the ensuing year's expenses. In April, 1840, it was voted to engage Elder Noah Norton, and to raise one hundred and fift}- dollars by tax, and fifty dollars b}' sub- scription. It was voted this vear that all pew-ownors should give up their pews, and that thereafter they should all be free. On Ma}- 1, 1841, it was voted to build a new meeting-house, and that it should stand on the west side of the twelve-i'od road, near the road leading to Harpswell ; and Captain William Stanwood, Jonathan Snow, Jacob Skolfield, and William Stanwood, 2d, were chosen a building committee. Although there is nothing further upon the sub- ject in the records, it is known that instead of building a new meeting- house, the one on Federal Street, belonging to the Universalists, was, about 184G, purchased and moved to a lot near the junction of the old Harpswell and Mair Point roads, and it was thereafter known as the " Forest Church." From 1841 to 184.5, Elder Norton was annually chosen preacher. IClder Joseph Hutchinson was chosen pastor in 1848, and in 1852 was dismissed at his own request. Meetings seem to have been held in the years 1853, 1858, and 1866, but there is no record of any settled pastor, or of any impor- tant transactions. On May 19, 1867, Grenville M. Atkins was invited to become their pastor, and accepted the invitation. He was ordained June 13, 1867. He preached a few days over a year, resigning his charge on May 31, 1868. Since then there has been no settled pastor of this church. The last entry in the records is dated April 29, 1867, and is to the effect that the parish met on that day and reorganized, and voted " to raise all we can for the support of the gospel." Connected with the history of this church is the following anecdote which is told of W^illiam W^oodside. He became " converted" under the preaching of Elder Potter, and at one of the meetings related his " experience," and, as was the custom in those days, he had much to say derogatory of himself. He was in reality a very good man, but iu his remarks he called himself a bad man, one who was wholly evil, 25 386 HISTORY OF DRUXSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. whose CAen' act was wicked, and whose imaginations were all vain. When he sat down, a relative arose and with becoming gravit}' said that he conld vouch for the truth of all William had said ! SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY. On Tuesday, Ma}' 5. 1825, a church was regularly constituted in this place, agreeabl}' to the Baptist platform, by a council assembled for the purpose, under the title of the " Second Baptist Church in Bruns- wick." The council consisted of delegates from eight churches, who were unanimously agreed in giving the right hand of fellowship. The records of this church have not been found, and it is not positively known who were its members. It is probable, however, that Aarou Dunning, Philip Owen, Catharine H. Putnam, Mary Humphrejs, Sarah Owen, Margaret Donahue, Elizabeth Gould, Nancy Swift, Elizabeth Dunning, INIary Blake, Mary Chase, Betsey Pettingill, Sarah Stanwood, Heman Pettingill, and Stanwood Dunning were among the first mem- bers All of these persons were previously members of the First Baptist Church, and were dismissed from that church on the tenth of April of that year in order '' to form themselves into a church, or to join some other church." The Second Baptist Society was not formed for a year later. In 182(j a meeting-house was erected on School Street. Elder Shimuel Owen was pastor of this society from 1827 until it dissolved, in 1840.' The building was then sold to the Congregationalists, and has been used by them ever since as a vestry. FEDERAL STREET BAPTIST SOCIETY. In 1828, Elder Benjamin Titcomb, Ephraim Brown, John O'Brien, and a few other members of the First Baptist Society, asked and received dismission from that church and united with the First Baptist Church of Bath, under whose patronage the}' established meetings in the village of Brunswick. Notwithstanding there was at the same time another Baptist society in the village (the Second Baptist) , and notwithstanding the opposition made toward this new movement by the First Baptist Society, it was successful, and in 1829 it was organ- ized as a church. In April, work was begun upon a meeting-house, and the building was completed on the twelfth of the following Sep- tember. It was situated on Federal Street, at the corner of what is now Franklin Street. ^ This church, it is said, was under the pastoral Millet. 2 ji J.5 yl(J•^^^ fji^ Catholic Church. ECCLE.'ilASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 387 care of Elder Titcomb during the whole period of its existence. It was dropped from the association of Baptist churches in 1839. No records of tlie church having been found, we are unable to give a more complete and accurate sketch. MAINE STREET RAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY. In the earl}' part of 1840 a very extensive revival took place in Topsham and Brunswick. In October, twent3'-four persons from the church in Topsham, who resided in Brunswick, were organized into a church. The society was formed in the same year, and a meeting- house, containing seventv-tive pews, was erected on Maine Street, a few rods north of Lincoln Street. ^ The Reverend Paul S. Adams, from South Berwick, was the first pastor, from January- 3, 1841, to IS 13. He was succeeded by Reverend Dudley C. Ha3'nes, whose pastorate lasted between two and three years. Reverend John Hubbard, Jr., was chosen pastor January, 1846, at a salary of two hundred dollars per annum. His pastorate ended Oc- tober 4, 1851. Reverend J. W. Coburn was pastor from March 15, 1852, until June 2, 1853 ; and in November of the latter 3'ear he was succeeded b}' the Reverend Charles Ayer, who remained until Septem- ber 1, 1856. Reverend E. Andrews, an evangelist, then supplied the pulpit for a few months, and was succeeded by the Reverend James 1). Reid, in October, 1857. In 1859, RcA-erend Charles Aj-er again sup- plied the pulpit. In June, 1860, the Reverend George Knox was installed as pastor of the society. In June, 1861, Mr. Knox was granted a leave of absence to act as chaplain of a Maine regiment, and Reverend S. W. Taylor was engaged to supply the pulpit during his absence. The former was discharged from his pastorate, at his own request, November 17, 1861. He was afterward killed by a fall from his horse. In 1862, Reverend T. J. B. House was chosen pastor, and remained with the society' three jears. In 1865, Reverend C. M. Ilerrino- was chosen pastor. During his pastorate a vestr^^ was built and the meeting-house was repaired and remodelled. Mr. Herring resigned his pastorate Jul}' 26, 1868, and was suc- ceeded, the next spring, b}' Reverend S. W. Emerson, who remained l)ut one 3"ear. Reverend B. F. Lawrence became pastor in June, 1870, and ' The present Baptist Church. 388 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AXD HAEPSWELL. remained for four years. Revereiul E. S. Small, the present pastor. began his pastorate February 20, 1876. The foregoing sketch of this parish is made from notes furnished by the parish clerk. It is not so full as could be wished, but is as com- plete as possible from the notes furnished. SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. There has never been any organized society of Friends in Bruns- wick, but about 1772 several (Quakers moved into town and settled not far from the line between Brunswick and Durham. Some of them had previously been living in Ilarpswell.' Others joined them, and there are now a number of excellent people in the west end of the town who belong to tliis denomination. Their meeting-house is in the town of Durham, and they belong to the society of tliat town. FREE-WILL BAPTIST SOCIETIES. About 1703, Elder Pelatiah Tingley, of AVaterboro', formerly of Sanford, began, with others, to hold religious meetings in Brunswick. These meetings were usually held at the house of William Alexander. - About 17!)9 the Fikst Free-Will Baptist Society, or as it was some- times called, the •• Ciikistiax Ciilkcii in Bruxswick axd FREEroiiT," was formed. The first church meeting was lield at James Elliot's on October 23, The members were Obadiali Curtis, Adam Fdliot, Vs"\\- liam Alexander. Anthony Morse. Joseph Ward, John Coombs, Susan- nah Morey, Hannah and Margaret Coombs. In 1807 the records state that there was considerable contention in the church, but the cause thereof is not given. On August 27. of this 3ear, the church numbered fort}' members. In 1809 there was a " considerable want of union and many backsliders." In 1810 the church was more prosperous, and man^- converts were made. This j'ear their meeting-house was built. It was a one-story building, and was situated near Noah Melcher's, on the old Freeport road. It was, it is said, the second meeting-house of this denomina- tion in the State. In 1813, on December 16th, Elder Adam Elliot, who had been set- tled about August, 1803, died, and the pulpit became vacant. In 1816. Inkier George Lamb was settled. The whole number of mem- bers up to June 1, 1817. was one hundred and fift}*. On Ma^- 2, 1818, a division occurred in the church, on the question • P^epscot Papers. '^Stewart's Free-Will Baptists. ECCLESIASTICAL lilSTORY OF BRUNSWICK. oSO of washing of feet after the manner of the earl^' disciples, and a few members withdrew because the rite was not observed. On February 22. 1823, owing to the small number of members and the low state of interest existing, the society was declai'ed dissolved. On January 17, 1H26, the church was reorganized by a committee from the Qnarterly Meeting. The first meeting after the reorganization was held on the fourtli of Februar}-. On November 14, 1827, the Union Meeting-Honse at "Growstown" was finished, and the future meetings of this societ}' were held in it. In 1831, June 25, the church voted to use a bass-viol with their singing. A resolve to use no ardent spirits, except as a medicine, was passed at this meeting. On February 22, 1834, it was voted to deal with all church members who bad taken the pledge of temperance and had violated it. Elder Lamb resigned his pastorate on September 25, 1835. He died in Brunswick. December 14, 1836, having served as pastor nineteen years. August 12, 1837. Elder Andrew Eollins was received as pastor of the church. The whole number of members, between 182G and 1839, was one hundred and ninet3'-three. On May IG, 1840, it was voted to increase Elder Rollins's salary from three hundred to three hundred and fifty dollars. February 20, 1841, it was voted to recognize singing as a means of worship, and to make regulations in regard to the same. On July 22, 1842, Amos Lunt, Amos Lunt, Jr., Thomas Coombs, George Cobb, and Phineas Collins were dismissed, to organize the Freeport and Brunswick Church. On June 30, Elder Ezra Crowell was ordained. June 8, 1844, Elder E. G. Eaton was elected as pastor. He was dismissed February 12, 1847. During the latter 3'ear Elder E. F. Page officiated. On Februarj- 12, 1848, Elder Alraon Libby was settled. He was dismissed Februar}' 14, 1852, and in May of that j^ear Elder Rollins was again settled. The whole number of mem- bers up to 1851 was three hundred and sixty-eight, of which two hundred and twentj'five were females. February 12, 1853, the church repealed the old covenant and adopted the New Test imrmt as a covenant. On September 20, 1856, Elder D. Waterman was settled. In 1859, Elder Chaney was settled over the church, but his pastorate was a short one, as he resigned in the Octo- ber following. On Februarj^ 16, 1860, Elder Hutchinson was settled. TiiK Free Baptist Society of Brunswick Village was originally composed of members of the church at Topsham who resided in Brunswick, and who, on account of the distance, resolved to form a church of their own. 390 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, ToPSHAM, AND HARP SWELL. The first sermon was delivered in McLellan Hall, by Reverend Doctor Graham. No step had at that time been taken to form a soci- ety, though the matter had been somewhat discussed. On the evening of October 25, 186'), five men met at the house of ]Mr. Ezekiel Thompson to form a society-. Church oflicers were appointed to serve six mouths, and on the next Sabbath Reverend A. II. Heath, then of Bates College Theological School, was invited to preach at the Good Templars' Hall. The Sunday school was organized at the second meeting of the society, November 5, 1865. Mr. Heath continued to preach until the spring of 187G, when he returned to his studies at the Theological School, and Reverend E. C. B. Hallam, a returned missionar}', was engaged to preach in his stead. On the afternoon of April 12, 18G6, a council of ministers met at McLellan Hall, — to which place the society had moved its meetings, — to formally organize the church. Forty persons, including five con- verts, composed the society at this time. The council approved the course that had been taken, accepted tlie letters of recommendation that were presented, and extended the right hand of fellowship to the new society. Mr. Hallam was then installed as pastor. On the third of June following, the first communion service was held. Mr. Hallam was requested by the Missionar}^ Board to return to India, and in con- sequence of his acquiescence, he was obliged to preach his farewell sermon on Sunday eve, November 1 1 . In 1867, Reverend S. D. Church was called to the pulpit, and preached for two years. During his pastorate eleven persons weie received into the church. Reverend W. Y. Smith commenced to preach to this society on August 22, 1869. The church at that time had sixty-five members and a growing congregation. Upon the com- pletion of Lemout Hall, in 1870. the majority of the society desired to occupy it, and it was accordingly engaged for the Sabbath services. This change of place met with earnest opposition, however, from a few members, who refused to enter the new hall and withdrew their support to the societ}'. Consequent!}', upon the eighth of June, nine persons, including both deacons, were excluded from church member- ship. During Mr. Smith's pastorate forty-three persons were added to the church by baptism or by letter. On November 30, 1872, the resignation of Reverend Mr. Smith was accepted. He was succeeded by Reverend H. P. Lamprey, wlio })reached for one year, then by Doctor Heath, of Hallowell. The time of the latter was divided between two churches and the practice of medicine. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 391 In the early part of 1875, Reverend B. M. Edwards, the present pastor, was settled. The society had for some time desired a house of worship, and in 1874 a lot of land upon O'Brien Street was purchased for the site of one. In the autumn of 1875 the building was com- menced. The vestry on the lower floor was finished before the middle of the following summer, and on the ninth of July, 187G, the first ser- mon in the new house was preached by Mr. Edwards. It was owing hirgely to the efl!orts of the pastor that the building was erected. This church in its first years was unfortunate in losing many of its leading members by death, among whom were Deacon Dresser, Mr. Ezekiel Thompson, and Mrs. Smile}^. '' Aunt Smile}-," as she was called, had prayer-meetings at her house for more than thii'ty 3"ears, and wlien this sociel}" was formed, their weekly pra3'er-meetings were held there until after her death. Mr. Thompson was elected a deacon after Mr. Dresser died, and served faithfuil}' up to the time of his own decease. Deacon Dresser was one of the most active members in forming the society and was always zealous in its support. A good degree of religious interest has always been kept up in this society, and the church shai'ed largely in the revival work of the past winter. Tliere are now one hundred and twenty-nine members. The Sunday school has been well supported, and there are now connected with it nine teachers and one hundred and thirty scholars. ^ UNIVERSALIST AND UNITARIAN SOCIETIES. The records of the Universalist Society, previous to its uniting with the Unitarians in 1850, having been lost or destroj^ed, a per- fectly accurate history of the society is impossible. It is believed, however, that the following sketch is substantially correct, and it is as complete as could be made from the material at our disposal. The first movement toward sustaining Universalist preaching here was made in the year 1H12. The nature of that movement is best shown by the following agreement, the original of which is now in the possession of Mr. Harvej' Stetson, son of the Ilarvej^ Stetson who is named in the agreement : — " Brunswick, January 20tli, 1812. " We, whose names are here under written, Do Profess to believe jn the Doctrine of Universal Salvation by our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ : And feeling it our Dut}^ as well as our privilege and ' For the particulars of the foregoing sketch, ive are indebted to the pastor and to the parish clerk. 392 HISTORY OF BRUySWICK, TOPS TI AM, AND HARPSWELL. highest happuiess to worship the one hving and true God in Christ Jesus : Do liereb\' agree and enter into Solemn Covenant to assemble together as a Religious Society on the Sabbath as often as we can convenienth' to worship the most high God : And that we will pay our proportion towards the expense of procuring a convenient place for convening together for publick and social "Worship : and for the support of Publick Teachers of Piet}-, Religion and Christian Morality in our Societ}* : " Lemfel Swift Dean Swift Jonathan Eastman ISTath^ Badger James Merkill Harvey Stetson James Gary Edward Raymond James Jones James Maxavell Robert Eastman Edw'ard Welch E. II. Goss Phineas Taylor James Gary Jr. Ira Fuller Roger Merrill Joseph Kimball Elijah Hall John Lee John Marston Edmund Prady Abner Pratt Solomon Gray Benj. Stephens Reed Welch John Gray Burt Townsend Abner A. Kelley Allen Wing. Stephen Lennox 31 " They were incorporated in October of that year as the First Universal Christian Society in Brunswick. Mr. Dean Swift is probably the only one of the signers of the foregoing paper who is now living. Soon after this agreement was made, arrangements were made with the Reverend Thomas Barnes, of Norway, to preach here once a month. The meetings were held in Washington Hall. Mr. Barnes came here on Saturday, on horseback, and returned on Monday. After the cotton-mill was ])uilt. in 1812-13, he received a good part of his pay in cotton yarn, which lie carried home in his saddle-bags. lie preached here for, probably-, a 3ear and a half. INIr. Barnes was called the "Father of Universalism in Maine." He came to Maine from Massachusetts in 1 799 as an itinerant pi'eacher. He was ordained over the united societies of Norway, New Gloucester, Falmouth, and Gray, Januaiy 6, 1802. He died in Poland in 1814. Reverend Jacob Wood, of Saco, succeeded Mr. Barnes, preacliing here occasionally, but for how long a time is uncertain. Probably- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 393 other itinerants visited the place from time to time. In 182G, Reverend S,ylvanns Cobb ^ preached here several Sabbaths. On the twenty-seventh of January, l.'^27. INIajor Burt Townsend,^ Captain Roger Merrill,^ Captain Joseph McLellan,^ Thomas Tay- lor,2 Colonel Andrew Dennison,^ Joshua Lnfkin,^ Harvey Stetson,^ James Derby,^ A. C. Raymond, Joseph Lnnt, John L. Swift, and others wliose names we cannot ascertain, formed a society under the name of The Universalist Society of Bruxsavick and TOPSHAM. Arrangements were at once made with Reverend INIr. Cobb to preach once in three or four weeks. The meetings were held in Wash- ington Hall. This engagement continued until Februarj', 1828 (about one .year), when it terminated. In April of that year Reverend Seth Stetson (Father Stetson, as he was called in later j'ears) came East on a missionary tour, and preached here, for the first time, on Thursday evening, April 17, 1828. On the following Sunday, as he says in his diary, he " preached in a large hall to a good number of men." The next day he went to Tops- ham, where he was the guest of Major William Frost, and in the evening he preached in the court-house. From Topsham he went to Bowdoinham and other places in the vicinity, and soon after returned to Boston, where he then resided. About tlie first of June following, he received an invitation to remove to Brunswick, and preach in the three towns of Brunswick, Bath, and Bowdoinham. alternately. He accepted the invitation, and on the twenty-second of June, 1828, he preached in Brunswick, and continued to preach there ever}- third Sabbath imtil May 10, 1829, when his engagement closed. A meeting-liouse for this parish was ev cted in 1820. It was situated on Federal Street, directly' opposite the present high- scliool building. Reverend Mr. Stetson was invited to preach in the new meeting-house during the winter, for which he received eight dollars a Sabbath. After the twenty-first of Februar}', 1830, he i)reached a few Sabbaths for what he could get. a collection being taken up each Sabbath. The amount collected being too small for his necessities, he gave up the field and went on a mis- sionary tour, and in May following removed Avith his family to Buckfield. ' He teas afterwards, settled at Maiden, Massachusetts, ivhere he died. He loas a prorn- in"7tt clprcpjman in the denomination. ^ Deceased. 394 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. From this time until 1835 the Univcvsalists were witliout preaching, and their meeting-house was occupied by the UNITARIANS. On tlie eleventh of December, 1829, a meeting of Unitarians was held, and it was decided to form a society for the establishment and maintenance of Unitarian preaching in Brunswick. The organiza- tion was effected on the third day of January, 1830, under the title of The Second Congregational Society op Brunswick, ^ and was composed of twenty -three members, all of whom were avowed Unitarians. No records having been kept, we are unable to give a complete list of the members. Among them, however, were the following: Benjamin Weld, Charles Weld, Governor Dunlap, Professor Henry W. Longfellow, Ebenezer Everett, John Coburn, John S. Gushing, Humphrej' Purinton, and Major AVilliam Frost. A subscription paper was soon after circulated to raise funds to sup- port preaching. This list numbered fift^'-five, and included some Universalists who s^-mpathized with the Unitarians, and were willing to aid in support of Unitarian preaching. The Universalists gave the use of their meeting-house, and in June, 1x30, the first Unitarian sermon was preached in Brunswick. Reverend Andrew Bigelow was the preacher. From ,Iune, 1830, to June, 1835, there was regular Unitarian preaching, but there was not any of this time a settled minister. Of those who supplied the pulpit, Mr. Wiswell remained the longest.^ He preached here from 1832 to 1834, — a little more than two years. The other ministers supplied for a longer or shorter time, var3'- ing from two to ten or twelve Sundays each. The meetings were well attended, the building being generally well filled, but seldom or never crowded. Professor Longfellow conducted a Bible class for several years, which was largel^y attended, and which is spoken of by members of the class as having been exceedingly interesting and instructive. 1 This society had, however no legal existence. 2 The ministers supplyinrj the pulpit after Mr. Bigelow, were : H. Edes, Allen Put- nam, Caleb Stetson, William Newell, John II. Williams, Alonzo Hill, Sidney Willavd, A. B. Muzzey, John Goldsbury, William D. Wisivell, William A. Whiticell, Jabez WTiitman, R. A. Johnson, A, Davis, and Charles A. Farley. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 395 A part of the congregation was composed of Topsham people, and after a time the meetings alternated between Brunswick and Topsham to accommodate them. Finally it was agreed between the Universal- ists and Unitarians that the former shonld maintain preacliing in Brunswick and the latter in Topsham. (See sketch of Unitarian soci- ety of Topsham.) In 1835 the UNI VERBALISTS Made a third engagement with Reverend Seth Stetson to supply their pulpits. Accordingly he again removed to Brunswick with his fiimily, and ever after resided here. His engagement began on the twent^'-eighth of June, 1835, and ended on the twenty- eighth of February, 183G. Early in June, 1836, Reverend Stephen A. Sneathen came here from Massachusetts, and preached occasionally during the months of June, July, and August. Reverend G. M. Quinb3% then settled at Yarmouth, also preached here occasionally during the same period. On the tenth of August, in this year, Mr. Sneathen entered into an engagement to preach every other Sabbath, a part of the time in Topsham. This arrangement was continued during the remainder of the year. On the twenty-fifth of January, 1837, Mr. Sneathen was ordained, and became the first settled minister of the society. He was a young man, physically a cripple, but said to be a speaker of more than ordinary abilit}'. Ilis pastorate ended in the spring of 1838. Mr. Sneathen was succeeded by Reverend Sidney Turner, whose pastorate commenced in June or Jul}', 1838, and lasted until about the first of September, 1840. Father Stetson says of liim in his diar}', " He was a young Congregational minister who turned Universalist, but after a 3ear or two he turned back again. He married a minister's widow in Bingham, where he was settled in 1849 " In October, 1840, ''Father" Stetson began his fourth and last engagement, preaching every other Sunday- until April, 1842. He was succeeded by Reverend Giles Baile^y,! who began a supply of the pulpit in April, 1842. In July he removed hore from Winthrop, the place of his first pastorate, and where he ^ Noio paMor of the UniversaliM Church in Reudinr/, Pennsylvania, and to whom we are indebted for many of the facts contained in this sketch. 306 inSTOIiY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. was ordained. He preached regularly during the 3'ear, Init was not formally installed until January 7, 1843. The installation sermon was preached by Reverend INIr. Gardiner, of Waterville. The pastorate of Mr. Baile}' continued until September, 1848, when he resigned to enter npon the duties of the missionary agenc}' of the Maine Universalist Convention. The society was, during the pastorate of Mr. Bailey, in its most flourishing condition. The olficers of the society' at that time were Colonel Andrew Dennison, and Anthou}' Eaymond (or ''Father" Raymond, as he was called), deacons ; Isaac Center, clerk ; Nathaniel Badger, collector and treasurer. During this pastorate the Mason Street Church was built. It was dedicated in December, l^A^Q. After the resignation of Mr. Bailey the church was without a pastor for several months. Earh' in the year 1849, Reverend W. C. George was called to the charge. He remained onh- a year, when the societ}' was again without a pastor. The Universalist Society of Brunswick and the Unitarian Society of Topsham were both at this time in a feeble condition, the result chiefly of deaths and removals. It was therefore proposed to unite the two societies in one organization, to be known as THE MASON STREET RELIGIOUS SOCIETY. The necessary arrangements were made, and went into effect on the first Sunday in November, 1850. Reverend Amos D. Wheeler, of Topsham, Unitarian, was the pastor. There was a debt of one thousand dollars upon the house, six hun- dred dollars of which was procured b}' the pastor ft-om prominent Unitarians in Boston, and the balance was paid by individual sub- scriptions in the society. The engagement of Reverend Doctor Wheeler was for live years onlv, and the salary was to be raised in equal proportions by the members of the society from the two towns. Doctor Wheeler's engagement was renewed from time to time, so that his services were not discontinued until October 1, 18G5, at which time he delivei'ed his farewell discourse, having been aj^pointed liy the American Unitarian Association to act in a missionarv' capacity in the State of Maine. During Doctor Wheeler's pastorate the ladies of this society formed an association, the object of which was : — ^^ First, the promotion of kind, social. Christian intercourse and ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 397 feeling among its members and generally thronghout the society with which it is connected ; and secondly^ to aid in the accomplishment of any religious or benevolent purpose from its funds or otherwise as a majority of its members may determine." Doctor Wheeler was succeeded by Reverend. William Ellery Cope- land, who was ordained on Thursday, July 26, 18GG. The services were as follows : — Introductory pra^'er, by Reverend Casneau Palfre}', D. D., of Belfast ; reading of Scripture, hy Reverend John Nichols, of Saco ; anthem, by choir; sermon, by Reverend George Putnam, D. D., of Roxbury, ]\Iassachnsetts ; hymn ; ordaining prayer, b}' Reverend A. D. Wheeler, D. U. ; charge, by Reverend Edward E. Hale, of Boston ; right hand of fellowship, by Reverend Charles C Sal- ter, of West Cambridge, Massachusetts ; address to the people, hy Reverend Charles C. Everett, of Bangor; hymn; benediction, by the pastor. Mr. Copeland, like his predecessor, was a Unitarian in his views. The society, however, owing to the various causes which usuall}' com- bine to weaken any religious association, became gradually feeble, and as it became so, the Universalist element preponderated. Mr. Cope- land gave good satisfaction while pastor, though he laid himself open to the objection that was made, that he eared more for the temperance cause than he did for the success of this church. He resigned his charge in 1&6'J, and in 1870 Reverend William R. Erench. a Universal- ist, was chosen to fill his place, and continued as pastor of the society' until 1875, when he resigned. During his pastorate Mr. French labored faithfull}' and well for the interests of the society. Since his resignation no regular services have been held bv either the Universal- ists or Unitarians. THE UNITARIAN SOCIETY OF BliUNSWICK. This societ}' was legall}' organized on the fifth (\(\y of August, 1874. The incoiporators numbered fifty-three. Stephen J. Young, W. B. Purinton, A. G. Poland, Emeliue Weld, and Harriet Tebbets were elected a standing committee ; Henr}' W. Wheeler, clerk ; A. V. Metcalf, treasurer ; Humphre}- Purinton, collector; H.P.Thompson and Alonzo Da}', assessors. A code of b^'-laws was adopted and a committee chosen to present, at some future time, plans for a chapel suitable for the accommodation of the society, and to take measures to secure a suitable lot. 398 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. In IMnrch. LS?;"), a lot was purchased on tlie corner of Federal and Tearl Streets for $1,500; the amonnt havino- been subscribed l»y mem- bers of the society. The society has not yet erected a church edifice, but the organization is maintained. METHODIST EPISCOPAL SOCIETY OF BIIUNSWICK. The first Methodist preaching in Brunswick, of which we have any account, was in the year 1821. At that time Melville B. Cox, while laboring on a circuit approaching within eight miles of this place, came here and, securing the use of the school-house near the colleges, commenced a course of Sunday-evening lectures. His devout appearance and the pathos of his words interested his hearers and soon drew a considerable congregation, among whom were many students. One f:imily in the place kindly opened their doors for his entertainment. After he had continued his appoint- ment for some time, he came one Sabbath evening, wearied with the labors of the day and a long ride, from his place of preaching during the day, and called at the house of his host. lie saw no signs of any one in the house, and knocked at the door several times, when at length the man came to the door and said that he was very sorry to inform him that he must turn him awa}' from his house or be turned away himself. The preacher repaired to the place of meeting without a supper, preached liis last sermon in Brunswick, and then rode eight miles to find a lodging ; such was the opposition at that time against the Methodists. In the latter part of 1828, or earh- in 1829, Reverend AVilliam II. Norris, then stationed at Bath, preached a few times in this place, after which meetings were held occasionally by local preachers from Bath. At the Maine Annual Conference, held in Jul}', 1820, Rever- end Benjamin Bryant was appointed to the Bath circuit, including the upper part of Bath, New Meadows, and Brunswick. He spent a few Sabbaths in this village and formed a "class" of five members, namel}', Mrs. Snowden, Miss Jane Blake, Miss Eunice McLellan, Miss Margaret Todd, and Miss INIaria Walker. The last two are still living. The encouragement was so small that the place was abandoned, and at the succeeding Conference the circuit was merged in the Bath station. Soon after the above-mentioned class was formed, two Methodist students entered Bowdoin College (in 1828 and 1820). One of these, John Johnston (afterwards Professor of Natural Science ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 399 ill Weslej-an Univorsit}-), manifested a firm attachment to Metho- dism and cordially identified himself with the humble society at Brunswick. The other, Charles Adams, was a licensed preacher, and preached in the neighborhood of Brunswick as occasion offered during his college course. Under his direction the small class increased in numbers, strengthened by occasional recruits from the college students. In the fall of 1833 the class consisted of about fourteen persons, of whom five were students in college. In the winter of 1834 an arrangement was made with a number of preachers in neighboring towns to supph' preaching one half the time on the Sabbath, until the session of the Conference in the following .lul}-. The preaching was gratuitous, the society paying the travelling expenses of the minister. At this Conference (1834) an application was made for a preacher to be supported in part b}^ funds of the Missionary Society. But the condition of the funds would not allow such an appropriation. The services of Reverend James Warren, a very acceptable local preacher, were obtained one half of the time. The request for a preacher was renewed the next year, 183;"), and Mr. Warren was apiiointed to Bow- doinham and Brunswick circuit. In consequence of ill-health, Mr. AN'arren retired from the circuit in two or three months, and Asahel Moore, who had just graduated at Bowdoin College, and who had al- ways been warmly interested in the society, was engaged to take charge of it and visit it once in two or three weeks, being then engaged in teaching school at Gardiner. Earl}' in the spring of 1836 he closed his school and devoted his whole time to the society in Brunswick. At this time there were about forty members in the society, including seven college students. 'I hese meetings were held on the Sabbath in the Congregational conference-room, or in the Universalist meeting-house, which was hired for this jjurpose. On the sixteenth of April, 1836, Eliphalet S. Br3ant, Daniel Smith, Charles Evans, Rufus Rich, Ebenezer Stockbridge, and Albert Mer- rill requested Moses E. Woodman, Esquire, a justice of the peace, to issue a warrant to one of the applicants, directing him to call a meeting of the applicants for the purpose of organizing a religious society or parish, by the name of the Methodist Episcopal Society, in Brunswick. The warrrant was issued, and on the twentj'-fifth of April the applicants referred to met at the Baptist Meeting- House on Federal Street, and after appointing Asahel Rloore, 400 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AXD HARPSWELL. Saiidford K. Bnllard, Stephen jNI. Yail, and Samuel G. Lane to be their associates, organized by the choice of Sanford K. Ballard, chairman, and Stephen M. Vail, clerk. A constitution was then adopted, and a board of trustees was elected, consisting of Honor- able ^VUen F. Cobb, of Durham, John Wilkinson, of Bath, Eben- ezer INIoore, of Gardiner, John jNIoore, of Gardiner, Eliphalet Bryant, of Brunswick, Ephraini Sturdivant, of Cumberland, and Samuel G. Lane, of Brunswick. In September following, the meeting-house on the east side of Federal Street, called the "Baptist Branch Meeting-IIouse," previ- ously occupied by the society of which Reverend Mr. Titcomb was pastor, was bought by the trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Society for the sura of $1,900, and the lot upon which the building stood was purchased for fifty dollars additional. In payment the trustees gave notes payable at the expiration of one year. Something more than one half the amount was paid during the year, and new notes were given for the balance. On the tenth of January, 1838, the house was paid for, and on the seventeenth of April following the society was entirely free from debt. The whole pecuniary responsibility in the purchase of the meeting- house was assumed b}' Mr. Sturdivant. Some help was received from abroad, but in order to relieve Mr. Sturdivant from his heavy burden the parsonage (wliich had been built mostly b}' the generosity of Thomas Knowlton) was deeded to him, and the debt due to him mostly' paid. At the annual Conference, held in August, 1836, the Reverend Mark Trafton was appointed to Brunswick. He remained with the society about three months, and left in the apprehension that he could not receive a support. The societ}' was thus thrown into great dis- couragement. In this emergenc}' the pulpit was sujiplied by Isaiah McMahon, a student in college. In 1837, Reverend C. P. Bragdon took charge of the society-. His labors were quite successful, and a considerable number were added to the church. From 1838 to 1840, Reverend C. C. Cone was the preacher in charge. His labors were quite successful, and the society- was increased from seventy-five to one hundred and twenty-seven. He was succeeded by Reverend A. P. Hillman. During the two years' appointment of this preacher the society was reduced to ninety-three members. No cause for this diminution of membership is given in the society's records. In the year 1842, Reverend Asahel Moore was appointed to Bruns- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 401 ■wick. The society was laboring under great embarrassment from its feebleness, but was consi(leral)ly improved under the labors of IMr. Moore, there being one hundred and fifteen members at the close of his two years' labor. Reverend Cornelius Stone was the preacher in charge in 1844. A few conversions occurred during the year, but the number of deaths and removals was more than sufficient to offset the gain. In 1845, Reverend Daniel Fuller was appointed to Brunswick. During the second year of his labors his health broke down and he did not long survive. His last sermon was preached in Janua,ry, 1857, his subject being the Eternal World. He was a good preacher and a fiiithful pastor. His successor. Reverend John W. True, was appointed at the Con- ference held in Saco the same year. The church at this time was much enfeebled ])y removals and in consequence of being deprived of their pastor most of the year. The pastor was considerably inter- rni)ted in his work by sickness and other embarrassments, and the society hardly held its own during these two years. During the year 1849 the society was without a preacher. In the spring of 1850 the society raised the sum of two hundred dollars and repaired the meeting-house. Reverend P^zekiel Robinson was the preacher in charge. Reverend Charles Hunger was pastor in 1851-2, and Reverend Joseph Hawkes in 1853. Reverend J. C. Peny was appointed to Brunswick in 1854, and a considerable revival occurred during the year. In 1855, Reverend Parker Jaques was the preacher. In 1856-59, Reverend Charles AY. Morse spent three years and ten months at Brunswick with varied success. From 1845 till 1854 Brunswick was a missionarj' station. There was no appropriation subsequent to that time. Mr. Morse was retired from active duties, but, on account of the protracted sickness of his wife, he had charge for the fourth year at Brunswick. In 1860 and 1861 no material change occurred in the condition of the society. Reverend Jolm Cobb was pastor. In 1862-3, Reverend Josiah H. Newhall was preacher in charge. During the second year there was considerable religious excitement in the village, caused by the labors of the revivalist. Reverend Mv. Ham- mond, and a considerable revival occurred in the Methodist Society. Mr. Newhall was a fine scholar, a native of Lynn, and a graduate of Wesleyan University. He died suddenly of paralysis in 1866. 26 402 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AXD HARPSWELL. Ill 18G4, Reverend W. W. Baldwin, an energetic young man, was preacher in charge and had considerable success. The following ^'ear he went to Montana as a missionary. Reverend John B. Lapham was ai)pointed to Brunswick in 18(35 and 1867. Under his labors there was considerable revival and accession to the strength of the society'. In 1866 the old meeting-house was sold and the present one erected. In 1868 furniture for a parsonage Avas purchased, and a new communion service was bought. Reverend Stephen Allen was preacher in charge for two years, 1867 to 1869. Under his pastorate there was a gratifj'ing gain in member- ship, and he left his charge with good prospects for the future. Mr. Allen was a graduate of Bowdoin College, class of 1835. He is a fine scholar, an interesting preacher, and is one of the leading men in the denomination. He was succeeded b}- Reverend James McMillan, who had charge of the parish for three years, 186!J to 1872. There was an extensive revival during his second year, resulting in large additions to the church. Reverend H. C. Sheldon, a graduate of Yale College and a ripe scholar, succeeded Mr. McMillan, remaining here two ^ears, 1872 to 1874. He is now a professor in the Boston University'. He was suc- ceeded, in 1874, by Reverend C. W. Morse, who was also pastor here from 1856 to 1859, and who has won the sincere respect, not only of the members of his jmrish, but of the citizens of the town generally. Reverend W. S. Jones is the present pastor. ST. PAUL'S PARISH. The first Episcopalian service ever held in Brunswick was held in the college chapel in 1842. The Reverend J. Cook Richmond, on his way from Gardiner to Portland, was obliged to stop over night at Brunswick. AVishing to improve the opportunit}' to present the ser- vices of the church to the people of the town and the students of the college, he asked the consent of the Congregational minister to sucli a sei'vice, which he failed to receive. He then appealed to the president of the college (Doctor AVoods), who said to him, '•' There is one place in this town over which I have control, and 3'ou can hold a service in the college chapel." Timel}' notice was given, and at half past seven in the evening a large congregation w'as gathei-ed to hear (manj' of them for the first thne) the evening service of the Prayer-Book. Mr. Richmond then preached and held the attention of his hearers for nearly two hours. This was the first step towards introducing the services of the ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF DRVXSWICK. 403 church here, and doubtless suggested and encouraged the idea of the permanent establishment of a parish. The next service of the church was held in tlie Congregational A'estry on School Street, bj the Eight Reverend J. E. K. HenshaAV, Bishop of Rhode Island and Provisioni.l Bishop of Maine, on his first visitation to this State, in October, 1843. He was accompanied by the Reverend Messrs. James Pratt of Portland, and Thomas F. Fales of Rhode Island, and after evening prayer " preached to a respectable and attentive audience." Mr. Fales after- wards returned as a missionary, and on the fifth of November, 1843, being Sunday', lie began regular services in what was then known as the Pleasant Street Seminar}', nearly opposite the present Metliodist Church, but which has since been removed to Maine Street, and is now used for business purposes. Mr. Fales thus became the first rector of this parish. lie was edu- cated for the. ministry at the General Theological Seminar}^ in New York City ; was ordained deacon hy Bishop Griswold in Rhode Island, July 22, 1840, and priest by the same bishop in 1841 ; and on the same day of the same month, July 21, he received the degree of B. A. from Bristol College, Pennsylvania, and M. A. from the University of New York. Mr. Fales continued to hold meetings in the school-house from November, 1840, until the completion of the church in July, 184.'). There was at first considerable opposition to the establishment of this church, but it soon passed awa}'. This parish has from the first been a mission, supported mainly b}' the "•General Board" and b}- the '•'• Diocesan Board of Missions." Up to 1848 no contribution had l)een made by the parish towards the support of the rector, and then it only amounted to a small sum. At the time Mr. Fales's labors began, the number of Episcopalians was very small. There were only three connnunicants, Daniel R. Goodwin, Mary R. Goodwin, and Isabella McDougal. The families of Professor Goodwin, of the college, and of Mr. Sam- uel Harris, of Topsham, were the onl}' entire households which identi- fied themselves with the church. Five or six of the students were Churchmen. The attendance on the services, however, increased, and on the eighth of January, 1844, a parish was dul}' organized according to the laws of the State. There were seven original members, namely. Professor D. R. Goodwin, Joseph Badger, Samuel Harris, George Earle, John O B. Dunning, Ebenezer M. Johnson, and Samuel Dunning. The first otlicers elected were, for wardens, D, R. Goodwin and 404 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, ANT) HARPSWELL. Joseph W. Sargent; for vestrymen, Abner B. Thompson. Joseph Badger, George Earle, Samuel Dunnuig, John O. B. Dunning, Eben- ezer M. Johnson, and Samuel Harris. It was then voted that the parish assume the name of aSY. Panrs, and that the Reverend T. F. Fales he invited to settle as rector of the church. The invitation was accepted on the twelfth day of Feb- ruary, 1.S44. From the very organization of the parisli, the Toadies' Society has been most faithful and most efticient in raising and supplying all that was needed. Nothing except the improvements made ]»y Mr. Taylor has been done without them. In fact, if it had not been for the self- sacrificing labors of the ladies of the parish, it might never have lived for thirty years. In 1845 the}' furnished the church with the read- ing-desk and pulpit, altar and chairs. In 1H48, chiefly through their exertions, an organ was procured and placed in the gallery. Previ- ously stringed instruments were used. The communion set used from the first till now was presented by Mrs. Griswold of the " Eastern Diocese," as it was called. The stone font was given in 18G1 by a number of persons, chiefly graduates of Bowdoin College. The organ was removed from the gallery to the east transept in 18G7, and was replaced b}- a new one in September, 1873. There have been six rectors. The Reverend Thomas F. Fales, the first, remained here just six years. He has since been rector of Christ Church, Waltham, Mass. The Reverend Andrew Croswell was here three years and five months. He now resides in Cambridge, INIass. The Reverend Professor D. R. Goodwin supplied services for six months, when there was a vacancy for ten months with only occa- sional lay-reading. The Reverend William Stone Chadwell was the third rector, and remained here three 3'ears and eight months. He is now rector of Grace Church, Brooklyn, Long Island, New York. The Reverend Edward Ballard immediately succeeded him, and was rector of the parish for twelve years and seven inonths (See Biographical Sketch.) After a vacancj^ of six months, during which time there were occasional services, Reverend Joseph Pemberton Taylor entered on the charge of the parish, and remained here two years and four months. He was innnediately succeeded by Reverend Frederick S. Sill, M. A., and is now residing in Camden, New Jersey. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 405 Reverend Mr. Sill was succeeded h\ Reverend H. P. Nichols, who was ordained to the priesthood, May 27, 1877. In this parish, since its formation, one hundred and thirt}' individ- uals have been baptized, eight3'-three confiruied, sixt^'-three buried, and thirty married. The present number of communicants is about twenty-nine ; of individuals, about seventy-five. ROMAX CATHOLICS. The formation of a societ}' of believers in the doctrines of the Church of Rome was begun in this town about 1S60, or a short time previously. Services were at first performed b}' the priest stationed at Bath. The society, however, gradually increased in numbers, and in 18G6 purchased their present church building on Federal Street, of the Methodist Society, and Father Powers was soon after sent to them. This society is now, numericall}', by far the largest in town. About five sixths of the congregation are French Canadians. They number about eight hundred. The present priest. Father Noiseux, is a French Canadian. STATISTICS OF CHURCH-GOERS, ETC , IN 1S73. In 1873, Mr. Charles Hill, agent of the Brunswick Bible Society', canvassed the town and collected statistics relative to the number of church-goers, etc. The following is a summary of his report, and shows the religious views of the citizens as well as such a canvass can, but it is not, probablj', absolutely correct. Number attending; chiircli (uomiuall}') " not attending chui'cli .... " children attending Sabbath schools " children not attending Sabl)ath scliools " Catholics (French, 477; Irish, 131; colored, " Protestants " Congregationalists (Orthodox) " Free Baptists " Methodists " Baptists " Friends " Universalists " Adventists " Unitarians " Episcopalians ...... " For Union of Churches .... " Spiritualists ,9) 056 001 794 122 667 389 598 574 361 306 159 151 82 ()1 56 39 40 G lIISrOKY OF BKVN^WICK, TOFSIIAM, A^'D HAEPbWELL. CHAPTER XIII. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. But little is known concerning tlie condition of reli<>"ions matters in Topsliani prior to the incorporation of the town. In the year 1721 the Tvcverend Isaac Taylor was employed by the proprietors to preach there one half the time. In 1730 there was a chaplain at the Fort in Brunswick, supported by the proprietors, who attended to the religious needs of the seyeral neighboring communities, but who, most likel}', preached on!}- in Brunswick. There is little doubt that preyious to the erection of the first meeting-house in Topsham. the inhabitants of that place were accustomed to attend religious seryices at Brunswick. In 1739 the inhabitants of Topsham contributed to the support of preaching in Brunswick, and it is probable that such had been the custom for some years previous. ^ The town was incorporated in 17()4, and at this date, therefore, properly begins the history of the FIRST PARISH. [1 7G4.] At the second meeting of the town, held June 2, 1764, John Fulton, John Beed, and John ]\Ierrill (the selectmen) were chosen a committee ''to get an orthodox minister to preach for the space of three months." They eyidently employed lleyerend INIr. I>uzzell, for at a subsequent meeting he was employed for "four Sabbaths longer." Whether he was unwilling to remain still longer, or whether he failed to give satisfaction, is not known. He could not haye remained oyer the pai-ish more than the four months for which he had been employed, or the town would not haye chosen a committee " to get a minister by next spring to preach to us." [17()G.] On INIarch 18, £60 was raised " for a minister and school- master" for this year. As the same individual was sometimes em- plo^-ed for both purposes, it is probable that such was the intent of that yote. 1 Pejepscot Papers. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 407 At a subsequent meeting the town decided ver}' strongly in favor of the Presb^-terian form of worship, and voted to extend a call to Reverend Stephen Scales. Goin Fulton, Adam Hunter, and Thomas Wilson were chosen a committee to make an agreement with him. [1767.] In Jul3% Reverend Mr. Thompson was engaged for two months after the expiration of his first contract. In consideration of the agreement made at the time of the confir- mation of their title b}' the government of Massachusetts, as well as in conformity to the laws, the proprietors about this time set apart a lot of land in Topsham "for the use of the Ministry" and one for "the first settled Minister." The ministerial or parsonage lot was " Number Twenty-six lying in the Range of Lotts fronting on Pejeps- cott River containing one hundred acres." The lot for the minister was " Number sixtj' four, containing One hundred acres, lying on the Rear of Lotts belonging to Alexander Potter and James Potter, Jr., bounding Northeast on Land of Robert M'^Farlands and Southwest on the School Lott." [1768.] In 1768 the town voted to give James Hunter a lot of land called the School-house Lot, in exchange for which he was to give the town one hundred acres where the meeting-house stood. Mr. Southmaid was emploj'cd to preach in the winter "as a probationer." [1 770.] At the annual meeting this 3'ear a Mr. Stuart was engaged to preach until the first of the following November, and it was voted to assess one fourth part of the minister's salar}- on the holders of pews. [1771.] The first church organization, as distinct from tliat of the parish, was organized in 1771. It was of the Presln'terian order, and was organized by Reverend Mr. Murray, a Presbj'terian minister of Boothbay, and by Reverend Joseph Prince. It consisted of twenty- seven members.! Who these members were is not now known, but it is not improbable that two of the earl}' members of the Congregational Church, Messrs. Alexander Patten and James Fulton, were among the number. This "church was at no time ver}' strong, and ceased to exist about the 3'ear 1789. No records of its meetings can be found. Committees were appointed in the 3'ears 1771 and 1772 to obtain the services of a minister, so that it is probable that there was preach- ing a part of this time. [1773.] Reverend Samuel Wheeler probablv officiated for a while this year, as the town voted, November 29, "to send a man west- 1 Greenlea/'s Ecclesiuiitical Sketches. 408 IIIiSTOliY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIAL'PSWELL. ward to bring Mr. Samuel Wheeler's character, provided Mr. Samuel "Wheeler will pay the charges " ; and John Merrill, consenting to go upon these terms, was dul_y chosen for that purpose. [1774.] Mr. Merrill's report as to Mr. Wheeler's character must have been satisfactory, as he this year received a call at a salar}' of £6G 13.S. 4d., lawful money, and with £100 as a "settlement." The town this jear reversed its former action, and decided to adhere to the Congregational form of worship. This action of the town gave serious offence to the minority. INIessrs. Adam Hunter, Goin Fulton, James Henry, Johu Orr, John Fulton, James Fulton, and Alexander Potter entered their protest against the meeting as being illegal and destruc- tive to the church. These persons were evidenth" strong in the Presby- terian faith, and probably some, if not all of them were members of the First Church. There is no evidence that Mr. Wheeler was ever formally installed over the church and society of the First Parish, and his pastorate could not have been a very satisfactor}^ one, as the next 3'ear [1775] a committee was appointed to obtain a minister, and also cue " to converse with Mr. Samuel AVheeler concerning the abatement of his w'ages and to make return." [177G.] In December of the next year the town also vot d not to pa}' his board nor his horse keeping. From this time to 178.'1, there is no record of any settled minister in the town, although there is no doubt but that there were I'eligious services held for a few Sundays in each 3'ear, since the town in some at least of these years chose a connnittee to obtain a minister. In 1778, however, the connnittee were instructed not to agree with one for more than a service of two months Avithout the consent of the town. [1783.] At a meeting of the town held Ma^- 27, 1783, the commit- tee to obtain a minister Avere instructed to emplo}' the Reverend Mr. Unjuhart to preach eight Sabbaths after the Sabbath next ensuing, and to use their own discretion as to the terms. At a later meeting of this 3-ear, held September 10, it was voted to emplo}' Mr. Urquhart ^'' one Sabbath when he returns from the westward.-" At this meeting there was also a committee appointed to see why the porch to the meeting-house, which the town voted in 1770 to have built, was not finished. The citizens of the town can easil}' be excused for getting a little impatient, after having waited thirteen 3-ears for the construction of this porch. At a meeting held two months later, Mr. Urquhart was emploj'ed for one 3'ear at a salary of £80, he to have the privilege of leaving if he had a call to settle elsewhere. [1784.] At a meeting held in October, 1784, the town voted to ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOP SHAM. 409 hire Eevereud Mr. Urquhart for one 3'ear more after the expiration of bis first 3ear. To this action of the town, Messrs. John Merrill, Jon- athan Whitne}', Actor Patten, Peletiah Haley, Alexander Graj', and William Reed declared their disapproval " for several reasons, bnt more particularl}^ because we have reason to believe that the said Urqu- hart has two wives now living, and we think that disqualifies him to administer any of the Gospel ordinances." This charge was sustained b}' tlie facts, ^ and it is not probable that Urquhart preached in Topsham after the expiration of his second year, if indeed he was allowed to complete his engagement. In regard to Urquhart as a preacher, it has been said that " his mode of preaching was marked for its humor and quaintness, and he would arouse his drows}' listeners on a summer afternoon b}' some stiri'iug anecdote or exclamation. On one occasion he stopi)ed sud- denly in his sermon and then exclaimed, ' I 'm 3'our shepuixl o'er all o' ye, and Wull}' Wilson is me grant bull-dog.' The deacon, eitlier not relishing this publicity, or to signalize that he ivas not asleep, sturdil}' called out yet louder still, ' I 'm 7iot 3-our bull-dog ! What did you saj' that for? '"2 [178G.] In 178G the town voted to give Mr. Kellogg an invitation " to return and preach with us after he has been to stud}' divinity six months, provided he will settle with us if desired." [1788.] This 3'ear Reverend Jonathan Ellis was invited to settle in town at a salary of £85 and a " settlement" of £150. The " settlement to be paid in boards, shingles and other Lumber, or any produce of the countr}'." Mr. ElUs did not accept this call, but [1789] the next year, at a meeting held June 9, the town agreed to settle him on con- dition that he would take his dismission if two thirds of the legal voters of the town should, at an}' future time, prefer not to remain under his ministry and should so declare at a legal town meeting, and that, in case such a thing should occur, he should be allowed to continue six months thereafter and no longer. Mr. Ellis was present at the meet- ing and agreed to these conditions. On August 31 of this year there were two legal meetings of the town. The first was called by warrant of John Merrill, a justice of the peace, upon the application of more than ten voters, the principal object being to see if the town would consent that those not walling to settle under the ministry of Mr. Ellis should be allowed to withdraw from his support and maintain a minister for themselves. The second 1 See Annals of Warren, p. 172 et seq. 2 j)r. James McKeen's Kates. 410 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. meeting was on the usual Tvan-ant issued by the selectmen, and was for the purpose of taking action in regard to Mr. Ellis's ordination. At the first meeting thirtj'-five persons voted to withdraw from being under Mr. Ellis's ministry, and sixty-seven voted to l)e under his ministry. At tliis meeting the town also A'oted that one-fourth pail of the expense of repairing the meeting-house should be assessed on the pew-holders, and the remainder paid by the town. At the second meeting the town voted that the council which was to be at the ordination of Mr. Ellis should meet and sit at Mr. Joseph Foster's house, and that they and their attendants should be entertained at Captain David Reed's and James Fulton's houses. It also voted that Doctor Philip Iloyt, James AVilson, and Joseph Hale}-, dothiei', should be a committee to attend upon the council on the day of ordination. The ordination of Mr. Ellis occurred September Ifi, 17S9. The sermon on the occasion Avas preached b}' Reverend Andrew Lee, of Lisbon, Connecticut. The charge was b}' the Reverend Jolni Ellis, of Rehoboth, INIassachusetts. The right hand of fellowship b}- the Reverend Josiah Winship, of Woolwich, Maine. The sermon was printed, but no copy of it can now be found. The following is the title- page, which has been preserved : — " The Duty of Gospel Ministers | Illustrated in a Discourse preached I at the ordination of the Rev. Jonathan Ellis ] to tlie |)astoral otlice in the church | at Topsham, Massachusetts, Sept. | 16th 17e graveyard, Avhich was afterward used as a town-house. This year '' one half of the male and several female members of the chureh were expelled for intemperance, mitil only eight were left." ^ [1820.] Elder Staples's pastoiate could not have been a very suc- cessful one. as in Februar}- 26, 1820, the church and paiish, in joint session, i)assed a vote of censure against him. At a parish meeting, held April lo of this year, a connnittee was appointed to confer with Elder Henry Kendall as to the terms on which he would consent to become their settled minister. At a meeting held April 29, bS20, it was voteil to acccitt Elder Heni'v Kendall's proi)Osals, and to consider him as their settled min- ister, agreeably to the conditions specitied by him. These conditions were as follows : — "■ 1. It will not be exi)ected by me that the society bind itself to pay me any spccilied sum for my services as their minister, nor would it l)e pleasing to me on my settlement that any obligatory grant sliould be made to me, but that the v>hole subject should be left with the soci- ety to give me annually much or little as they may consider duty or l)roper. '* 2. That a committee, to be composed of members of the church and society, be annually raised, Avhose duty it shall be to confer with me on the subject of m}' situation and the number of Sabbaths I ought to serve the society for the sum they may by grant or suliscription annually raise, and report as soon as may be the result of this con- ference to me and the assessors of the society. '' 3. That whenever I shall think it dut}- to request a dissolution of my ministeiial connection with this society, and shall oflicially make known my desire, the society shall, without any unnecessary delay, attend to the subject, and if the}' are not disposed to grant my request they shall join me in choosing a council of the elders and churches of our order, to hear and deternjine the subject of tlie recjuest, whose decision shall be binding on the parties. "■ 4. That whenever a majority in parish meeting, legally called for that purpose, shall by vote declare that my ministerial labours is no longer useful, and vote my dismission, then my ministerial connection shall be considered dissolved." V\) to this time the Second Parish contained both Calvinist and 1 Atitobioyraphi/ of Elder Kendall. 2 IJjid. ECCLESIASnCAL HISTORY OF TOrSlIA.}/. 423 Free-AVill Baptists, Tmt a separation now occurred, and in 1821 Joshua and John W kitten were dismissed to the Frce-Will Baptist Society. [1824.] At a meeting held April 17, 1824, the parish voted " to dismiss Elder Henry Kendall from being any longer their settled min- ister, — agreeable to his request." The church records contain a state- ment to the eti'ect that the dismission of Elder Kendall gave rise to some dissatisfaction. Nothing of importance occurs in the records of the Second Parish subsequent to this date, though the records do not close until the year 1832. As the Baptists withdrew that 3'ear, and formed a new society, it would seem as though the Second I'arish must thereafter have been composed exclusivel}- of Frce-AVill Ba[jtists or else that there were two religious societies in one poll parish. THE BAPTIST CHUFICH SOCIETY. On January 19, 1824, Henrj' Kendall, Jabez Perkins, James Cook, Richard Orr, Samuel Wilson, James Wilson, Elijah White, George Ilowland, and Daniel Welch petitioned the legislature for incorpora- tion as a religious societ3'. The petition was granted, and on Fel)- ruar}' 2, 1824, the societ}' met and elected Henry Kendall, moderator, and James Cook, clerk. Jabez Perkins was chosen collector, and Deacon Elijah White and Mr. James Cook as parish committee. The memljers of this society constituted the third parish of the town. Josei)h Foster, Jr., Daniel Welch, Leonard Blondcll, .Jal)ez Per- kins, David Scribner, James Cole, John Owen, Charles White, Joshua Haskell, Aaron Ilinkley, Charles Hunter, Edwanl Welch, David Dunlap, William Randall, 'Jr., Jonatlian Baker, James Rogers, Benja- min Ilasey, John Hunter, 2d, Benjamin Thompson, Francis Tucker, George Rogers, William Work, and John Mustard joined the societ}'' about this time, though a number of them afterwards went back to the First Parisli. The members at their first meeting voUhI to call them- selves In* the name of "The Baptist Church Societ3-." They built this year a small meeting-house in the village, at a cost of about six hundred dollars. [1825.] This 3'ear there was a powerful revival in the church, though but little mention is made of it in the records. [182G.] At a meeting held on April 3, the society voted that as less money than was needed had heretofore been raised, "if the society' should not be able to raise b}' voluntary subscription at least one hundred dollars for Elder Kendall the present j'^ear, that they will 424 HIS 1 on r of br ux-i > 1 1 ck, top sua if, and ha nrs well. not vcquiro his ministerial laliors he^'ond a proportion of the time for the sum they shall raise and pay over to him." [l'S;-;4.] At a church meeting, held February 2?, the subject of building a n(!w meeting-house was discussed, and it was thereupon voted "• that Jabez Perkins, David Scribner, Sanuiel Perkins, Josiah Sanford, and L. Ilibbard be a committee to solicit means to carry the same into etfect." On October 4, of this year, .Samuel Perkins and David Scribner were chosen deacons. At a meeting of the society, held April 7, it was decided to accept a lot of land for a meeting-house, that had been purchased of Pelatiah and Xanc}' Ilaiey. Jabez Perkins and David vScribner were chosen a committee to raise subscriptions for and to build a new meeting- house. [1835.] On April 6, 1835, this committee reported that they had contracted with S. & R. D. Melcher for the erection of a meeting- house. That the whole expense would be $2,250, and that the build- ing would probably be completed in about six weeks. At this meeting Jabez Perkins, Samuel Perkins, and James Cook were appointed a committee to sell the pews. Imt were instructed to reserve one pew next the desk, on each side, and two floor pews near the stove, for free pews.' The society also authorized their agent to sell the old meeting- house if the consent of the pew-OAvners could be had. It Avas bought b}' Deacon Joshua Haskell for the Free-Will Baptist Societ}'. At a meeting of the church, held JNIarch 21, Flder Charles Johnson was invited to settle on a salary of three hundred dollars per annum. The next meeting of the society was held May 21 in the ncAV or present Baptist meeting house. At this meeting, PHder Johnson was ordained and the new church building was dedicated. The year was remark- able for a revival in this and the other societies. [1837.] On Febrnar}- 25, 1837, the church extended a call to Pev- erend Edwin R. Warren, and the amount of salary to be offered him was left to the discretion of the church officers. [1838,] During the year 1838 a controversy commenced between the committee of management of the " Eastern B'iptist " and ]Mr. E. Brown. It continued several years and caused consideraltle trouble in this church. [184U.] At a meeting of tlie church held October 25, forty-four members were dismissed from this church, in order to be organized into a Baptist church in Brunswick village. Tliere was a great revi- val this year. Meetings were held for more than one hundred succes- sive evenings, and one hundred and iifty-two persons were added to the church by baptism. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOIiY OF TOP SHAM. A2b [1841.] Oil July 25, Elder Warren resigned the pastorate, and Reverend George Knox was invited, November 1, to succeed him on a salary of four hundred dollars. On December 14, forty-nine dele- gates, representing eighteen churches, met in council for the purpose of his ordination. The services were as follows : — An anthem ; reading of Scriptures, by Elder P. S. Adams ; a hymn ; a prayer, b}- Elder F. Merriam ; a sermon, by Elder Z. Bradford ; an anthem ; an ordaining pra3-er, b}' Elder Z. Adlam ; the charge, by Elder Adam Wilson ; a hymn ; the right hand of fellowship, by Elder E. H. Gray; an address to the church, b}' Elder II. G. Gott; an anthem ; a closing prayer, by Elder Vj. R. Warren ; and the benedic- tion, by the pastor. [184().] On May 2o, 1845, Elder Knox resigned, and on February 1, of the following year. Reverend James Gilpatrick was invited to settle as pastor, on a salarv of four hundred dollars. lie accepted the call February 5, and was installed April 22, 1846. The services were as follows : — Reading of Scripture, b}' Elder J. Hubbard ; prayer, by Elder N. Norton ; sermon, hj Elder N. W, Williams ; prayer, by Elder H. Hawes ; charge, by Elder W. C. Grant ; right hand of fellowship, by Elder INI. Ilanscom ; address to church, etc. by Elder William Baile}' ; piayer, b}' Elder J. Ricker ; benediction, by the pastor. [1853.] Elder Gilpatrick, having determined to move with his family' to Kansas, — then beginning to be settled, — sent in his resig- nation April 2, 1853, and it was accepted b}- the church to take place in June following. On July 17, Elder A. Robbins was invited to set- tle as pastor, on the same salary as his predecessor. On the twenty- fourth of the following September, however, his salary was increased to four hundred and fifty dollars. [1859.] On June 5, 1859, Elder Robbins resigned under circum- stances that led many to have doubts as to his fitness for his position. When his resignation was accepted, however, some commendatory resolutions were passed b}' the church. These resolutions Avere dis- pleasing to some of the members, and for a time the matter seriously disturbed the church. [i860.] March 25, 1860, Reverend L. P. Gurney received a call from the church to settle as their pastor, and accepted the invitation the following Ma}'. [1862.] At a meeting held on April 6, 1862, the church was pi-esented b}' Deacon William Barron with a complete silver commu- nion service. 426 IIISTOEY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIABPSWELL. [1865.] At a inoetino- of the church, held July 1, l.Sfi"), Ecvereiul L. P. Gurne}', Deacons David Scribner and William Barron, AVilliam Skolfield, George A. Rogers, and W. E. Haley were chosen a Com- mittee of Arrangements for a semi-centennial anniversary of the for- mation of the church. On September 2 the anniversary was celebrated in an appropriate manner. Reverend Adam AVilson, D. D., delivered an historical discourse, which, in accordance with a vote of the church, was printed in LSCU!. [lsf,(3-l.S(;8.] March 1, 18GG, Elder Gurney resigned his charge, and the church was for a time without any settled minister. On Eeb- ruar}- 2, 18G7, however, Reverend A. Bryant united with the church and sup[)iied the jndpit until Eebruary 11, 18G8. In l8Gi), Reverend Ira P. Leland, the present pastor, was in- stalled. THE FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY. i [178,".] The first minister of this denomination who preached in Topsham was Elder Benjamin Randall, Avho preached once or twice in John IMerrill's barn about the year 1783. [1815.] The Second Parish, as already stated, was made up of both Calvinist and Free-AVill Baptists. Their first pastor was Elder Purington. He sympathized in his views with the Free-Will Baptists. In 1815 he baptized six persons, who sul)sequently joined tlie Free- Will Baptist Church. The next preacher of this denomination was Elder Benjamin Thorn, who preached one season or more in the " old yellow meeting-house." The precise time that he was engaged with this church is not stated, but it must have been between the fall of 1815 and the fall of 181G. [181G-17.] In 1816, Elder George Lamb preached a few times and was succeeded by Elder Farwell, who preached to the society in 1817. [1822.] There was occasional but not regular preaching after this up to about 1822, wdien Elder Briggs settled for about one year. He l)reached a portion of the time in the Topsham Court House, and the remainder of the time in a hall in Brunswick village. Why services were not lu'ld in the yellow meeting-house is not known. It was not occupied by the Bajjtists, and the presumption is that the Court House was used because the meeting-house was so fiir out of the village. About this time the Free-Will Baptists began to leave the Calvinist 1 From a sketch of the same by the late Mr. Williaiyi Whitten. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 427 Baptist Church. As the latter had given up the Second Parish Meet- ing-House, and had Ijeen incorporated into a new societ}-, it is by no means unreasonable to suppose that the former constituted then, and are now, the Second Parish. [1825-G.] In the autumn of 1825, Elders Clement Phinney, Allen Files, and Abizer Bridges came to Topsham and preached occasionally. On December 15, 1825, the church was organized bj' Elder Bridges, Avho baptized the eight individuals of which it was composed. Additions continued to be made to the church, and on Saturday-, February 4, 182G, a meeting was held at John Haley's, near the yellow meeting-house. At this meeting Elder Bridges, having been chosen moderator, the church elected Elder Allen Files, pastor ; Andrew Jack and Josliua Haskell, deacons ; and Uriah Jack, clerk. [1830.] After five 3'ears' service. Elder Files resigned, and was succeeded by Elder Dexter Waterman, in 1830. He remained but one 3'ear, and after he left the church was without a pastor and had preaching only occasionallj', for a1)0ut five years. During this time the church became very low and feeble. Some of its meml)ers had died, others had left town, and but a few remained who were able to be of much assistance in sustaining a preacher. [1836.] March 22, 183('., Elders George Lamb and Clement Phin- ne}' were sent b}- the Bowdoin Quarterl}- Meeting to visit the church, and try to revivifs' it. Accordingly, on that day, the church met at the old red school-house and chose Elder Lamb, moderator. At the commencement of the meeting the members were very much discour- aged, and were inclined to give up their organization and join other churches. Elder Lamb, however, said to them, " You ought to be ashamed to let your own fire go out, and then crawl in and warm yourselves b}' another man's." This and similar remarks served to inspire them with ncAv zeal, and the}' determined to make strenuous efforts to support a church and society'. They at once voted to engage Elder Lamb to preach one half the time. As the society owned no meeting-house, the 3'ellow one being owned by members of both Bap- tist societies, a committee was chosen to purchase one. This com- mittee was, however, saved from all trouble in the matter by Deacon Joshua Haskell, who purchased the former Baptist meeting- house or vestry (the one aftei'wards used as a town-house) at an expense of about three hundred and fiftj' dollars. Elder Lamb com- menced his pastoral labors in May, 1836, and remained over the church luitil his death, which occurred on the fourteenth of the following 428 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. December. At the same time that Elder Lamb was preaching in the village, Polder Cliarles Bean was preaching in the '^Mallett" neigh- borhood. He made man}" converts, who all joined the church in the village. Tn 183C) it was decided to build a new meeting-house. This enter- prise received the heart}' encouragement of all the members, and the present building was according!}- completed in August, 1837, at an expense of $3,000. A. C. Raymond, of Brunswick, was the builder. Previously to the erection of this building a Sabbath school Avas organized, in which A. R. Bradbury and J. J. Butler, students in Bowdoin College, took an active part. After the death of their pastor, Mr. J. J. Butler supplied the pulpit for a wliile. Elder Phinney also preached for a few months, but there was no one settled until May, 1837. On May 20, 1837, Elder Daniel Jackson moved to town with his family, and was settled as the pastor of this church. He remained over them until some time in 1840. [1842.] He was succeeded in the autumn of that year by Elder Andrew Rollins, who remained until the spring of 1842. [1843.] Elder Rollins was succeeded by Elder Peter Eolsom, who continued until February, 1843, when he was obliged to leave on account of illness. [1843-184G.] In the summer of 1843, Elder DanielJackson was again engaged to take the pastoral care of this church. He remained until some time in the early part of 1846. During his last pastorate, in 1843 and 1844, the " Miller " excitement prevailed in the town. The members of the church, not wishing " to stand against anything that looked like truth," permitted their church to be used for the pro- mulgation of the new views. The result was a loss of some ten or more members, and some disaffection amongst those who remained. The trouble was not, however, of long duration. Elder Peter Folsom succeeded Elder Jackson, and preached for one year, when he was huuself succeeded by Elder Charles Bean, who remained about two years. [1849.] In September, 1849, E. B. Fernald, a student from the Biblical School at Whitestown, received a call and commenced preaching to this church. He was ordained at the meeting-house in Topsham in October following. He remained pastor of this church about two years and a half.^ > Mr. Whitten's sketch ends at this point. He intended bringing it down to a more recent date, but his sickness and death prevented, and we are now unable to give a more complete accouiit. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSIIAM. 429 Since then the following preachers have been settled over this society : — Reverend William T. Smith, from 1852 nntil 1857 ; Reverend M. W. Biu-lino-ame, from 1857 until 1803 ; Reverend S. D. Stront, from 1863 until l.S(U ; Reverend A. A. Smith, from 1864 to 1870 ; Reverend E. Manson, from 1870 to 1874 ; J. A. Simpson, for about six months in 1874-5, after which there was no settled minister until June, 1877, when Reverend A. G. Hill, the present pastor, was settled over the society. ORTHODOX CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AND SOCIETY. The Congregational Church was, as stat(Ml in the account of the First Parish, the churcli of that parish, though the society constituted only a portion of it. The following sketch is therefore, so far as it concerns the church, a continuation of that of the First Parish. [1835.] On INIay 16, 1835, the church adopted their present con- fession of faith, and this date may be considered as probably the last meeting of tlie church prior to the dissolution of the First Parish. [l.S3(;.] In May, 1836, Reverend J. T. Ilawes, who had been set- tled over the First Parish in 1831, resigned, and was succeeded by Reverend Mr. High, who supplied the pulpit for eight weeks, b}- Rev- erend Mr. Cleaveland for eleven weeks, and by Professor Smyth, of Bowdoin College, for eight months. A new house of worship' was erected this year by volantarj' subscriptions. [1837.] In July, 1837, Reverend Thomas N. Lord commenced preaching to this society and was ordained in August. He was invited at a joint meeting of the church and society held in the Court House in Januaiy, 18;>7. His salary was five hundred dollars per annum. The council for his ordination met August 7. The ser\ices were held on the next day and were as follows : — Singing by the choir : prayer, by Reverend Ray I'almer, 2d church, Bath; singing by the choir; sermon, b}- Reverend David Thurston, Winthrop ; consecrating prayer, by Reverend Josiah T. Hawes, Edge- comb ; charge to pastor, by Reverend Jacob C. Goss, Woolwich; singing bj' choir ; right hand of fellowship, b}' Reverend George E. Adams, Brunswick ; address to church and people, b}' Reverend Tim- othy Davis, Litchfield ; concluding prayer, by Professor Smyth, Bow- doin College ; benediction, by the pastor. [1841.] At a meeting held September 21, 1841, the church passed the following resolutions : — 1 The present edifice. 430 HISTORY OF BRUXSWICK, lOFkHAM, AND HARPS WELL. " Resolved, that we have entire confidence in tlie ability and piety of our pastor, and that the welfare of this church and the interests of religion in this place demand that the connection be continued. " Resolved, that in the opinion of this church, Reverend Mr. Lord has faithfull}' preached the gospel, and the church is willing to sustain him." The foregoing resolutions evidently indicate the existence of some dissatisfaction in the society, though not in the church. At a joint meeting of the church and societ}', held July 2, 1842, IVIr. Lord in a verbal communication requested to have the connection severed between himself and the society, on account chiefly of the state of his health, but partly on account of some disati'ection which he thought existed. The meeting voted that Major Nahum Perkins and Matthew Patten be a committee to settle up the affairs of the society ; " that John Barron, Alfred Perkins, and Samuel Douglass be a com- mittee to take charge of the meeting-house, ring the bell, settle with the minister, etc. " That Deacon Sprague, Nahum Perkins, Given Jameson, and Alfred S. Perkins be a committee to consult with Reverend ]Mr. Lord concerning his request." [1842.] On July 5, 1842, this committee reported that Mr. Lord still wished to dissolve his connection with them, and the church and society accordingly gave their assent and voted to call an ecclesiasti- cal council. On Jul}' 12 the council met, and after long deliberation agreed by a ver^' small majority to sever the connection. At a church meeting, held September 18 of this year, the standing committee of the church was instructed to make an agreement with Reverend Daniel Sewall to suppl}' the pulpit for that vear, commen- cing July 1, 1842, and ending July 1, 1843. He had already preached five Sabl)atlis. [1843.] Between October 2, 1842, and August 5, 1843, the slavery question began to be discussed in the church, and caused some disatfection. One memlier was refused a letter of recommen- dation to a church of which the members were slave-owners, and sev- eral resolutions against slavery* were passed, which so offended a number of the members that they absented themselves from church meetings for some time. [1844.] At a meeting held May 16, 1844, complaint was made against several persons that they had withdrawn from the comnuinion and had embraced " unscriptnral and erroneous doctrines," having accepted the views of the Second Adventists. A couunittee was appointed to visit and argue the matter with them, but their argu- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOP SEAM. 431 iiicnts had no effect, and these individuals were excommunicated about a month later. On Jul}' 14 of this year a letter was received from the nctinf/ pas- tor, Eeverend David Sewall, urging the church to settle a perma- nent minister. Isaac L. Cook, Deacon Willis Sprague, and Samuel Jameson were chosen a committee " to ascertain if a sufficient sum could be raised to secure a minister." [1845-6.] In August, 1845, the church extended an invitation to Reverend Jonathan Clement, of Chester, New Hampshire, to preach to them as a candidate for settlement, and on September 5, 1S4G, the church voted, " To concur with the parish in extending a call to the Reverend Jonathan Clement to become pastor over the church." He accepted, and Avas installed February- 1, 1847. [1852.] May 13, 1852, Reverend Mr. Clement and his wife were dismissed from this church, and recommended to the Congregational Church in Woodstock, Vermont, where he had receiA^ed a call to settle. During Mr. Clement's pastorate the church was prosperous, and noth- ing appears on the records save a few cases of discipline not neces- sary to be mentioned. From the time of the dismission of Mr. Clement until his successor was installed, the pulpit was supplied I)}' Professor Alpheus S. Pack- ard, of Bowdoin College. In December, 1852, a call was extended to Reverend John Wilde, of Falmouth, and a council was called for his installation. [1853.] This council met Januar}' 4, 1853, and the following services Avere held : — Prayer, b}' Reverend P. F. Barnard ; sermon, by Reverend William Warren ; insialling pra3-er, by Reverend J. W. Turner ; charge to pastor, b}' Reverend J. W. Ellingwood ; right hand of fellowship, by Reverend George E. Adams, D.D. ; address to people, by Rev- erend J. O. Fisk ; concluding prayer, b}' Reverend E. Whittlesey ; benediction, b}* the pastor. [1854.] On August 19, 1854, a letter was received from Mr. Wilde asking to \nx\e a council called to act upon his request for a dissolution of the pastoral relation, the reason of his request be- ing the inadequacy of his salary. In compliance with this request the church, August 21, voted to call a council. 'J'his council met short!}' afterwards, and dissolved the relation l)etween the pastor and church. [1856.] After Mr. Wilde left, Reverend James M. Palmer supplied the pulpit for one year. He was followed b}- Reverend J. Q. Peabody, 432 HISTORY OF BRUKSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. of Ipswich, jNIass., who supplied till October, 185G, when he accepted a call to settle at Frj-eburg. In December, 1850, Reverend Daniel F. Potter, of Union, was invited to preach for a few Sabbaths. He was then invited to settle, but declined, agreeing, however, to preach to the soviet}- during their mutual pleasure. [18G5-G.] June 3, 18G5, ]\Ir. Potter notified the church that on account of ill-health he should be unable to preach any more. Between this date and June, 186G, the desk was supi)lied bv Professors Pack- ard and Sewall, of Bowdoin College, and by Reverend Elijah Kellogg, of Boston. [18G8.] During the year 1868 a new and handsome spire was erected on the meeting-house, and the whole l>uilding was remodelled. [18G9-1870.] On February 4, 1869, the building was redcdicated. The services of the occasion were as follows : — Invocation, by Reverend Mr. Bryant, of the Baptist Church ; read- ing of Scriptures, by Reverend Mr. Potter ; sermon, b}' Professor Jotham S. Sewall, of Bowdoin College ; dedicatory prayer, by Rev- erend Doctor Adams, of Brunswick ; hymn, prater, and benediction, by Reverend Mr. Smith, of the Free Baptist Church, Topsham. From tlie records of this church the following facts have been gleaned : — The nmnl)cr admitted to the church up to 1821 was .... 22 up to 1874 was 263 Whole luimber •admitted on confession 238, " " " by letter 25 " " dismissed 49 *' " suspended ......... 5 " " excommunicated ........ fi " " who died up to 1874 92 The number of infants baptized between October, 1833, and July, 1871, was thirt3'-four, — twenty-two boys and twelve girls. The number of members in 1874 was one hundred and twelve, of which the males numbered sevent^'-eight and the females one hundred and eighty-five. Reverend Nahum W. Grover has preached for this societ}' since the fall of 1875. THE UNITARIAN SOCIETY. Previous to the formation of the Orthodox Congregational Society, in 1836, the First Parish had ceased to hold meetings as such. A i:CCLESIASTICAL BISTORT OF TOPSHAM. 433 majority of the owners of pews in the second meeting-house of the First Parish being Unitarians, meetings were held in the meeting- house for many j-ears, which were conducted b}' Unitarian preachers. The first preacher of this denomination who ever conducted rehg- ious services here is thought to have been a Reverend Mr. Greeley, who preached on one occasion in the old east meeting-house. He was afterwards a deacon of Doctor Channing's church, in Boston. [1836-1838.] Reverend H. Edes preached in town on December 11, 1836, whether for more than one Sunday is not known. He was followed by Revei-end Mr. Russell, Reverend J. O. Da}', Reverend Mr. Crafts, and Reverend G. M. Rice. The engagement of the latter commenced in August, 1837, and ended August 25, 1839. [1839.] On the date last mentioned Reverend Amos D. Wheeler, then of Standish, preached on an exchange with Mr. Rice. The same evening a committee of the " subscribers for the support of Unitarian preaching " Invited him to take charge of the pulpit for the term of three j-ears, that being the unexpired portion of the time for which their subscriptions had been made. The committee consisted of the following persons : — Humphrej' Purinton, William Frost, Benjamin Hase}', Gardner Green, Charles Thompson, John Coburn, and John S. Gushing. The invitation was accepted, and he removed to Topsham with his famil}- on the twenty-sixth da}' of October of that year, having in the mean time preached there two or three times. Fj'om fear of losing their rights as members of the First Parish, this society refrained from asking for an Act of Incorporation, neither was any church formally constituted by council, according to Congregational usage. The i)astor, however, did collect together into a church such as were willing to sign the following covenant : — "'One is your Master even Christ, and all ye are brethren.' — Matthew xxiii, 8. " ' One shall say, I am the Lord's, and another shall call himself by the name of Jacob, and another shall subscribe with his own hand unto the Lord.' — Isaiah xliv, 5. " We whose names are hereunto annexed, receiving the Bible as the rule of our faith and practice, do hereby associate for our mutual improvement in truth and holiness, as the disciples of Christ. And Ave declare it to be our sincere desire and purpose, as far as lieth in us, to walk in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord 28 434 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, T0FSIIA3I, AND IIARPSWELL. blameless, and to eherisli and maintain towards all Christians 'the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.' " From the pastor's records tlie following names of the communi- cants are obtained. The date at which the}' joined the chnrch is not given : — John Coburn, Nathaniel Dunning, John S. Gushing, Joseph N. Dunning, Amos D. Wheeler, Charles H. AVheeler, Javan II. Ilall, Mr. Bicknell, Joshua Young, John M. Goodwin, George N. Richard- son, Mr. Talbot, Mr. Fitch, Mr. IMoreton, John D. Coburn, Sarah E. Purinton, Sarah C. Gushing, Isabella M. Dunning, Delia A. Dunning, Mary W. Green, Mary A. Green, Mary Thompson, Harriet N. Ploughton, Louisa A. Wheeler, Mary B. H. Wheeler, Annie E. Thompson, Sarah A. Thompson, Hannah Rogers, IMrs. Coburn, Mrs. Dunning, Mrs. N. Walker, Mrs. H. Purinton, Mrs. Sarah Thompson, IVIiss Palmer, Miss Webb, Mrs. Shaw, Elizabeth W. Purinton, Pen- thea S. Hall. Man}' of these members belonged in Brunswick, and some of the males were students in college. During the pastorate of Reverend Doctor Wheeler in this town the average attendance at meeting w^as about one hundred. The building, having been erected for the acconunodation of the whole town, was of course too large for any one of the four societies which then existed in the town, and consequently the attendance at the Unitarian services always appeared smaller tluui it really was. Although small in num- bers, it had, however, its full share of the intelligence and pecuniar}' ability of the community. [18.50.] At the expiration of a little more than ten years from the settlement of their last pastor, arrangements were made to unite the two -'liberal" societies of Brunswick and Topsham. The arrangements were completed and went into etfect in November, 1850. [185.3.] In 1853 the " proprietors of the Unitarian Meeting-House in Topsham" obtained authority from the legislature to sell it. It was accordingly sold, and in December of that year taken down and removed to a ship-yard at Middle Bays, owned by Robert Pennell, Jr., and others, where it was erected into a boarding-house. The ministerial fund of the First Parish caiue into the hands of the X^ew-holders of the Unitarian Society. It amounted in 183(5 to seven hundred and thirty-six dollars and sixty-one cents. This sum was in the hands of various individuals, who gave their notes for the several amounts in their possession. After the transference of the i)reaehing to Brunswick, these notes were unintentionally allowed to become out- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 435 la,wed, and the fund has thus become lost beyond recover}', some of the parties owing the money having died. Nothing, tlierefore, now remains in Topsham to remind one of the old First Parish Society except the graveyard attached to the old first meeting-house. CHURCH AND SOCIETY OF THE SECOND ADVENTISTS. About the ^-ear 1843 an individual by the name of Starkweather came to town, and preached the peculiar views of this socict}' in the Free Will Baptist IVIecting-House. He was succeeded by several others of the followers of " Joe Miller," and quite a number of converts were made, some coming from nearly all the churches. A societ}' was formed and regular meetings were held on Saturday. The society owned no place of worship, but were accustomed to meet at the houses of members. About the year 1844 a paper was issued for a short time by this society'. It was devoted exclusively to the dissemination of their religious views. Several predictions were made as to the second coming of the Messiah, and on at least one occasion prepara- tions were made for the event. The society gradually dwindled away, though meetings of its members were held each Saturday' until about 1852. OTHER DENOMINATIONS. No other religious society was ever formed in this town, but other denominations have occasionally had preaching here for a short time, — the Universalists in the Court House in 1841, ^ and the Methodists and Episcopalians, and perhaps others, at other times. 1 A. D. Wheeler's Diary. 43<) HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. CHAPTER XIY. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HAUPSWELL. The early settlers of Harpswell belonged, for the most part, eitlier to the Congregational or to the Church of England denomination. ^ There were, however, amongst them a few Quakers, who set up a monthly meeting about the j'ear 1751. The inhabitants at first contributed to the support of preaching in the First Parish of North Yarmouth, as it appears from the records of that town that on April 16, 1744, the town excused the inhabitants of Merriconeag from paying the minis- ter's rate for that j'ear. In 1751 Merriconeag became a parish, styled the Second Parish in North Yarmouth, and from this time, if not before, voluntaril}' employed a minister of their own. The first was Reverend Richard Pateshall, a graduate of Harvard College. He preached for two or three years, but was not permanently settled. He was succeeded by Reverend Mr. Packard, who preached onl}- for a short time. [1753.] In 1753 a church was formed and Reverend Elisha Eaton was settled. The council that met to ordain him assembled at the house of Lieutenant Eaton, it being the onlj' house in town, at that date, that had plastered rooms. ^ [1758-9.] In 1758 and 1759 the meeting-house on Merriconeag Neck was built, though it was not entirel}' completed for man}' j-ears. This building will be more particular!}^ described in another chapter. In 1758 the town voted that " the Selectmen should proportion the preaching on the Island according to the Rates they pay, and to loose an equal proportion of the time that is deficient." Also to pay four shillings for each Sabbath to the persons who conveyed Mr. Eaton to the Island. On May 19,1 759, the town voted that Mr. Eaton should preach " in the meeting-house for the future, except foul weather prevents." The selectmen were authorized to hire persons to convey him to the 1 Kellocjg, MS. Lecture. ^Ibid. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HARPSWKLL. 437 Island. In 1760 tlie town voted that the people on the Island should be taxed in proportion to the amount of preaching they had. These votes show clearly that Mr. Eaton, thus early, was accustomed to l)reach on Sebascodigan Island, as well as on the Neck. But little is known concerning the affairs of this church during the ten or eleven years' pastorate of Mr. Eaton ; no records have been found, and even our knowledge of its existence at that time, as an organized church, is traditional. AVhat Mr. Eaton's salary was is not known with cer- tainty. In 1758 the town raised for that purpose sixty-five pounds, in 1760 sevent}' pounds, and in 1762 seventj'-five pounds. [1764.] Reverend Ehsha Eaton died on Sunday morning, April 22, 1764, aged sixty-two j^ears. On Maj^ 22 a committee was chosen to supply the pulpit with a minister. The town also at this ineeting voted £37 7s. to defra}" Mr. Eaton's funeral expenses, and '' to give the widow of the Deceased Rev'd Mr. Eaton a Decent sute of mourning." On July 8d of this ^-ear the town voted to pay William Modg- ridge eight shilUngs, for making Mr. Eaton's coffin, and to pay a Mr. Babb five shillings for assisting in making the coffin and digging the grave. On Jul}' 1 7th the town voted to give Reverend Samuel P^aton, the son of their former pastor, an invitation to settle with them, the vote having been unanimous on the part of the church and congregation. It was also voted to give him £120 as a settlement and to pay £40 a 3'ear until the settlement was paid. £66 13s. 4c?. was also voted as his 3Xarly salary. Benjamin Jaques and Nathaniel Purinton were chosen to represent the town in the committee chosen by the church to deliver the invitation. At a meeting of the town, held August 27, it was voted that the " minister should go to the Island called Great Island, fifteen Sab- baths a 3'ear, 3'early, allowing each day that is appointed by s*^ Minis- ter to be one of s*^ fifteen days, and the Minister to go when he pleases till the fifteen daj's each year are completeil ." The town, at this meeting, also voted to fix upon a place for a meeting-house on the Great Island. For some reason the invitation voted to Mr. Eaton seems to have been unsatisfactory, and accordingly it was renewed by both the town and the church, at a meeting held on the nineteenth of September. At this latter meeting a committee was chosen to make the arrange- ments for his ordination. He was ordained the following October. [1765.] In May, 1765, the town voted an appropriation of £206 438 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. G.s. 11 fL, old tenor, to defra}- the cliarges attendant upon this ordi- nation. No further action appears to have been taken hy the town in regard to ecclesiastical matters for some years, and no parish or church records have been found of an earlier date than the year 1770. The first church records of Harpswell that are to be found begin with a church meeting, held August 2, 1770, on Sebascodigan Island, at which Isaac Snow was chosen deacon. At a subsequent church meeting, October 24, 1770, the following preamble and votes were passed : — " We that thro' God's Goodness, have been combin'd, & are still continued a Chh. of his, having heretofore consented unto the Cove- nant of Grace, according to the gracious Terms whereof, we have made Choice -of the Lord Jehovah, Father, Son & Spirit as our God, and of the Lord Jesus Christ as the glorious Mediator, upon whose Fullness of Merit & Power we rely, as well to be strengthened for the Duties, as to be invested with y^ Blessings of that well ordered Covenant ; being withall sensible }'* our Justilication \>\ Faith in the Kighteousness of him who is a Saviour and Surety for us, does very strongly- oblidge us to close with all the Commands of God, as hoi}-, just & good, and as those Eules, in Conformity to which alone, our Peace can be lengthened out : }'' its our Dut}- to walk circumspectl}', not as Fools but as wise, redeeming the Time, because the Days are evil, and calling to Mind y^ sinfull Miscarriages of some Professors, who are Spots in our Feasts of Charit}', and our Dut}- to Watoh over ytn |>^j. tij(.ji. good ; and considering further that the Doors of the Chh. do not b_y God's Appointment stand so wide open, y' all sorts of Per- sons good & bad may freelj' enter in at their pleasure ; y' the Eunuch of Ethiopia was examin'd b}- Philip ; y' the Angle of the Chh. of Ephesus. is commended for trying such as said the}' were Apostles, and were not ; and y' twelve Angles were set at y® Gates of y^ Temple, lest such as were ceremonially unclean should enter thereinto, (2 Chron. 23, 19. Mat. 13, 25, & 22, 12. Acts 8, 37. Rev. 2, 2, & 21, 12,) Have accordingly conveined at a Chh. Meeting, at the Meeting House duly notified b}' the Pastor, this 24 Oct". 1770, and made the following- Resolves : — " The Rev. Samuel Eaton Moderator. " 1. Voted, that it is the Intention of this Chh. according to the best of their knowledge, to adhere closeh' to }''' sacred Scripture for their Guide, and to the Rules therein contained for their mode of Dis- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HARPS WELL. 439 cipline, and to come into no Resolves, for which they have not a divine Warrant. "2. Voted, y* it would be a great evil in us, if we should not accord" to y* best of our Capacity, attend & support y** Institutions of God in the Midst of us, & that Chh. Discipline w*^*^ he has commanded in his Word, that there may be Nothing wanting thereunto. " 3. Voted, y' it is the Opinion of this Chh. y' the receiving into Chh. Communion, or w' is called owning the Covenant, those persons who live praj'erless in their Families, is a scandal to our hoi}- Religion. Therefore, "4. Voted, y' this Chh. will not for y^ future receive into Chh. Communion, or what is called owning the Covenant, those persons who live praj'erless in their Families. "5. Voted, y' it is tiie Opinion of this Chh. 3* maliciousl}' to make, or injuriously to spread abroad an}' false Report, or Reports to y^ Injury of the Innocent, is detestable in the sight of God, & ought to be so to us. Therefore, " G. Voted, 3' if an}' chh. Member or p^'sons in Covenant, shall maliciousl}' make, or injuriously spread abroad any false Report, or Reports, to the Injmy of the Innocent, he or she, upon Conviction bv the Mouth of two or three witnesses, shall be lyable to y^ censure of this Church, as those who sin, are to be rebuked before all. "7. Vottd, y' if an}' Chh. Member, absent him or herself from the Ordinance of the Lord's Supper, in its stated administration, he or she, shall Ije accounted iu the eye of the Chh. as a disorderly Walker, & guilty of the Breach of his or her Covenant Obhgations. '' 8. Voted, y' it is the Opinion of this chh. that the Custom of young People, of both sexes, getting together in the Night, in tliose Companies for Mirth & Jollity, Fiddling and Dancing y* they call Frolicks, so spending the Time together till late in the Night, in their Jollity, to the neglect of family Prayer, and violating all Order, is a sin detestable in the sight of God, & ought to be so to us. There- fore, "9. Voted, y' if any chh. Member, or Members, or p'"sons in Covenant, shall assemble at those places, where such things are, or allow of the same in their Houses sh" come under the censure of this Chh. so far as to be debarr'd Chh. priviledges, til they give Scripture Satisfaction. " 10. Voted, y' it is the Opinion of this Chh. y' Churches ought to preserve Communion one w"" another, because y}' are all united unto Christ, not only as a mistical, but as a political Head : Therefore 440 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AXD HARPSWELL. "11. Voted, y* this Chh. will not hold Comnmnion w**" the Mem- ber of another regular Chh. who is und' the Censure or Suspension of 3'' Chh. til he or she gives that Satisfaction agree'''^ to Scripture, & as practiced b}- the Chh' in N. England. "12. Voted^ y' Mess" Edw*^ Cuningham, Benj* Jaques, and Jacob Blake, be a Committee for the Neck, and John Snow & Nath' Purington for the Island called great Sebascodigiu, to inspect y' walk of Professors, and enquire into Reports if any there may lie, and accordiugh- make Report to the Pastor. "13. Voted, y' it is the Opinion of this Chh. y' for Profes- sors unnecessarily to frequent a Tavern on the Lords Day there to spend some part of it needlessly drinking spirituous Liquor, is a sin detestable in the sight of God, and ought to be so to us, Therefore, " 14. Voted, y' if any Professor shall unnecessarily frequent an}- Tavern on the Lord's Day, or there repair with a view needlessly to drink spirituous Liquor, or shall at any Time be guilty of Drunkeness, or drinking to excess, he or she shall come und'' the Censure of this Church. " 15. Voted, y' it is y^ Opinion of this Chh. that some provision be made by them, for the Relief of such Chh. Members, (being well re- ported of) as are b}- the providence of God cast into indigent Circum- stances. Therefore, " 16. Voted, y' Messrs. Edward Cuningham, Ben* Jaques, and Jacob Blake, be a Committee for the Neck, and John Snow & Natlian- iel Purington for the Island, j^ if any Chh. Members, who conduct according to the Gosple, and are well reported of but b}' the provi- dence of God are cast into those circumstances w*^*^ necessarily call for Releif, may appl}* to, and the Committee to make it known to the Pastor, and the Pastor to call the Brethren together that they may judge of their Case, and accord^ to their Liberality releive them. "17. Voted, y' this Chh. will receive No Report unless proved by the Mouth of Two or Three Witnesses. " 18. Voted, y' these Resolves be entered upon the Chh. Records, and publicl}' read upon the Lords Da}'. " A true Copy from the Minutes examined and attested, "By Saml. Eaton, Moderator. " Consented to " Saml Eaton, Pastor.'" ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 441 [1777.] At a meeting held May 29, 1777, Joseph Ewiiig was chosen a deacon. [1784.] At a church meeting held at the meeting-house. May 31, 1784, it was voted that those who desired church privileges should be examined before the church, and that those living hol^' lives might have their children baptized though they themselves were not church mem- l)ers. That the deacons should be a committee to inspect the walk of church members, and that the pastor had liberty, "■ provided he sees his way clear, to baptize by Immersion those who conscientiously desire it, provided they give Satisfaction to the Church of their Faith in Christ & live holy Lives." " At a meeting held August 31, 1786, the church unanimously voted to rescind the seventeenth vote, in regard to receiving reports against members, that was passed October 24, 1770. [1787.] The previous unanimity in regard to religious affairs in this town began to be disturbed about this time. At a meeting of the town, held in March, 1787, it was voted that those persons who did not intend to pay the minister's tax should give in their names to the committee chosen for the purpose, and should give their reasons to this committee in writing. The committee were to report at a subse- quent meeting, but no such report is in the records. [1803.] At a church meeting, held on April 28, 1803, James Wilson was unanimously chosen a deacon. [1806.] This year the town voted that Mr. Eaton need preach only in the west meeting-house, on account of the difficulty of a per- son of his age going to and from the Island. [1813.] At the annual meeting of the town in 1813 it was agreed that Mr. Eaton should preach onlj- in the west part of the town that 3'ear, and that the inhabitants of Great Island should be exempt from pacing a tax for his support, " excepting the Ewings." The reason for thus excepting one family was undoubtedly because they lived so near, — just across the Narrows, — and could easily and were accustomed to attend the meetings on the Neck ; and also because they were strong su[)porters of Mr. Eaton and were well-to-do people. A special town meeting was held in September of this year, at which John Blake, Isaiah Snow, and Paul Raymond were chosen a committee " to go and converse with the Rev'd Samuel Eaton." The nature of the conversation is not recorded, but it may have been in regard to the taxing for his support of residents upon Sebascodigan Island, as following the record of the meeting is this entry : — 442 HISTOJiY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. " Hakpswell, Sept. S^ , 1813. " I hereby Certify that I do from this Date for Ever Relinquish the Civil Contract between great Sebascodegin Island and my Self. " Samuel Eaton "Anthony Coombs, Jr. Marlboro Sylvester "Marlboro Sylvester T. Clerk'''' [1818.] At a special meeting of the town, held July 13, Marlboro Sylvester, S3'lvester Stover, and Peleg Curtis were chosen to etl'ect a settlement of accounts with Mr. Eaton. Their report was as follows : — " We the subscribers chosen a Committee b}' the Town of Harps- well to settle with the Eev'd Sam'l Eaton in behalf of said Town, have attended the service of our appointment the 13*'' daj' of July 1818 and we find that since the last settlement, which was up to Jul}* 13"" 1813, there is due to him from the Town, for five years past ser- vices, the sum of $1115. to this date, of which one third part was relinquished to Great Sebascodegin Island, Avhich was $371.66, leaving a balance due to him from the westerly part of said town of $713.34. "Marlbro' Sylvester ~) Sylvester Stover [ Committee " Peleg Curtis J Following this report in the towu records is this entry : — "•I do relinquish to the Town of Ilarpswell the whole of the above balance and acknowledge all accounts settled and balanced up to the above date of July 13th 1818. " Samuel Eaton." The reason why Mr. Eaton chose to relinquish so large a sum which was justly his due requires some explanation. The attendance upon his services was at this time small. The Baptists had with- drawn, many citizens objected to being taxed for the support of a minister, and some had absolutely refused to pa}' their taxes. The parish oUicers did not like to urge payment, for fear of creating still further opposition, which Avould result in the further injur}' of the parish, and thus the unpaid taxes were allowed to accumulate. Mr. Eaton could have compelled the town to pay the amount, but he relinquished it for the sake of harmony. Probably about this time, though the exact date is nowhere given, Reverend Mr. Samuel Eaton resigned his pastorate. From an exami- nation of the church records, it appears that while Mr. Eaton had charge of this church, he baptized five hundred and eighty-four male ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 443 children, five hundred and thirt^y-five female children, nine adult males, seventeen adult females, and two children of whom the sex was not designated, making in all one thousand one hundred and forty- seven persons baptized by him. In this connection, the following document, obtained from an account-book of Reverend Elisha Eaton, will prove entertaining. It is certainly in the handwriting of Eeverend Samuel Eaton, and is prol)ably a portion of some report of his to the jNIissionarv Associ- ation. From the number of baptisms recorded, it must have been written — judging from the hst of baptisms in the church records — about the year 1767. " If I am not mistaken in my Calculat" I have preached 40 Sei-m"^ exclusive of Sabbath, & the N° of Baptisms stands thus, — Childn 157 Adults 11 Total . .168 " I now lieg leave to make a few gen^ Remarks. The pple who were y^ Objects of my mission, are, in y^ main in a broken State as to Religion. So far as I am able to judge, I impute it to \^ multi- plicity of lay preachers, and y^ paucity of those who are regular and learned. Y^ are an open Prey to every Imposter. Missionaries (as many well inclined & who even tremble for y^ Ark of G. observed to me) were never moi'e needed y° at this Daj'. I have found some, I l)elieve, who know genuine religion, who are clear & distinguishing in their notions, & are not carried about by every Wind of Doctrine. Others who app"' to me to boil over w"" Enthusiasm, others who are thotless of y' w'^^ ought to be their chief Concern, and others who were enquiring w' 3'y should do to be saved. I feel for j^ pple ; \y need Guides, 3-3- need Instruction, yy need y^ right sort of j^reach". Ma}' G. of his infinite Mercy prevent their perishing for lack of vision. In m}- Public Discourses, as well as private Conv^sation, I endeav- oured to distinguish between Truth & Error, an imaginarj' & true religion, & y" Opera t" of both — to reclaim y* Erroneous — To detect y® Hypocrite, to encourage & help y'^ inquiring, to warn y^ hardened Sinn'', to comfort those who mourn in Zion, & to establish 3-'' true Xtian. Neither have I omitted y^ Inculcation of moralit3', & y* necessit3- of encouraging human Literature &c. " So far as I am acquainted y' pple are hospitable, have treated me w"* great respect & kindness, & all Denominations have industrioush' attended m}* preach^ on the Sabb*" and Lectures.. 444 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. " I pra}' G. to water y^ seed w'^'*, &c, «fe to have \^ uikF liis keeping and Guidance, to bless y"^ w"^ spiritn^ &, tem[poral] P'avours, & 3' each memb'' of y* Society may be reward'' w'** an hund'' fold here, & here- after w"' an unfading Crown of Glor^'. I conclude only w**" adding y* I have endeavoured to execute ni}- Mission in a mann'' most agreeable to y*" Intentions of y*^ Society." i [1823.] The earliest records of the First Parish that have come to I our hands commence August 23, 1823. At this meeting Jonathan ? Johnson was chosen moderator ; Joseph Eaton, clerk ; Samuel Skol- I field, treasurer ; Benjamin Dunning, collector ; George Skolfield and I Jonathan Johnson, assessors ; Benjamin Dunning, Joseph Eaton, and ' Deacon James ^Yilson, a standing committee. This committee was to supply the pulpit until the middle of November, from the money that had already been subscribed. The church this 3'ear, at a meeting held December 30, voted "■ to assent to the Cumberland Church Constitution." [182G.] At a parish meeting held April 15, it was voted that the committee for supplying the pulpit be also a committee •' to admit or reject the application of Strangers and others who may Avisli to hold meetings in the Meeting House." [1828.] The parish at a meeting held Jul}' 14, 1828, voted, thougli not with unanimit}', to give Reverend Ebenezer Halping an invitation to settle as tlieir pastor. They also voted that the mouej' for his sup- port should be raised b}' subscription, and that James Orr, Sylvester Stover, and Joseph Eaton be a committee to wait upon Mr. Halping and see for what sum he would agree to settle with them. The parish also choose a committee of three to confer with a like committee of the Baptist Societ}', " to see if the}' concitute [conciliate?] Matters." At a meeting held August 4, it was voted that " Captain James Orr be a committee to go and see Mr. Halping and state to him the means that Ave have to settle him and know if he would accept." It was also voted that Mr. Halping should have what he could obtain from the Cumberland Conference in addition to what the parish gave. [1829.] On January 21 the church voted to have a copy of the covenant and articles of faith distributed to each family connected with the church. [1830.] At a meeting of the parish on April 12, 1830, it was voted to supply the pulpit for that year by subscription, and it is therefore most likely that ]\Ir. Halping did not accept the call, though he may have supplied the pulpit for a while. At a meeting held De- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 445 cember 20, the parish voted to hire Reverend Moses Welch for one year at a salary of four hundred dollars. [1831.] On October 3 the parish and church united in extending an invitation to Reverend William Harlow, who had been preaching to them through the summer, to settle as their pastor, provided they could obtain the sura of two hundred dollars, and that he should obtain what sum he could from the Maine Missionary Societv and the Cumberland County Conference. At a meeting held December 7. it was decided to have a stove in the meeting-house. Reverend jNIr. Harlow accepted the invitation to settle, and at this meeting it was determined that the council for his installation should be entertained by individuals without expense to the parish. [1832.] Mr. Harlow was ordained and installed Januar}- 25, 1832. The services were as follows : — Prayer, by Reverend Mr. Adams; sermon, by Reverend Mr. ]\Iit- timore ; installing prayer and charge, b}' Reverend Mr. EUingwood ; right hand of fellowship, by Reverend Mr. Adams ; address to the people, b}^ Reverend Mr. Hawes. Following the above in the church records appears the following entr}- : — " The Reverend Mr. Harlow took the liberty (without asking the consent of his people) to absent himself from them from the ninth of July to the thirteenth or fourteenth of August, 1832, therefore it may be considered that the civil contract expired the day he went away." This was signed, not by the real, but by an acting clerk. This mis- take of taking a vacation without the consent of his parishioners was, however, afterwards rectified. [1833.] At a parish meeting held November 9, 1833, it was voted to allow him four Sabbaths a year in which to visit his friends. A vote was also passed at this meeting that the Maine Missionary' Society should be asked to give Mr. Harlow fift}' dollars that ^-ear. The same request was made for several 3'ears in succession. [1834.] At a meeting of the church in April of this 3'ear at the house of Stephen Sinnett, it was voted "that the record relative to the Reverend William Harlow, on the foregoing page, was made with- out the knowledge or approbation of the said church." [1837.] At a meeting of the church held in Ma3% 1837, in compli- ance with the vote of a council that was held in September of the pre- vious year, the acting clerk, who had been excommunicated on account of his entr}' in the records and his subsequent conduct, was restored to the fellowship of the church. At this meeting also. Deacon Simeon 446 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Orr and Benjamin Dunning were chosen a committee " to request Mr. Harlow to ask a dismission, if he declined to invite a council." [1838-1840.] Mr. Harlow probably resigned in the winter of 1838, perhaps earlier. From March, 1839. to March, 1840, the pulpit was supplied in turn by Reverends Clark, Cornish, Gillett, Kenderick, Purington, Merrill, Parsons, and Peasley. The dismission of Mr. Harlow, or some other cause, seems to have produced considerable disafiection in the church, and during the year 1838 several members of the church were suspended or excommnuicated. Reverend Jotham Sewall, of Freeport, filled the pul])it for a while after ]Mr. Harlow left, and at a church meeting, held Fe1>riiary 29, 1840, it was voted, "That the thanks of this church ])e presented to the church in Freeport for the faithful and interesting labors of their pastor with us of late." [1843.] About this time a new meeting-house was built and a new society formed. Though the church and society of the First Parish probably continued to exist for some time after this event, yet no records were kept after the year 1844, and the preaching was prol:)ably only occasional in the old meeting-house. The church organization may have connected itself with the new society. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY. The first Baptist preaching in Harpswell was in the year 1783, by Reverend Isaac Case and Mr. Potter. The former preached twenty- five sermons to the people on Great Island in the course of a few months. There was some opposition, and Mr. Case said that he was treated "rather coolly" by Reverend Samuel Eaton. On the nine- teenth of January, 1785, a church was organized on this island by Reverend Messrs. Case and J. Macomber. It consisted of thirty-one members, of whom onl}- a portion Ijelonged in Harpswell. A short time after the organization of this church Mr. Potter was baptized and united with it, and on October 5, 1785, he was ordained as an evangelist b}- ]\Iessrs. Case and Macomber, Mr. Case preaching the sermon for the occasion. Elder Potter soon received an invita- tion and took the pastoral charge of this church. During his ministry about twenty- were added to it. He resigned in 1788. In 1790, Elder Elisha Snow, of Thomaston, was ordained as his successor, and preaclied about two years. He was succeeded by Reverend Samuel Woodard, of Brunswick, who was ordained at his own house, October 11, 1792. Elder Woodavd resigned his charge in the latter part of 1801, and was succeeded b}- Reverend Samuel Mariner, who ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF HABPSWELL. 447 was ordained in Jannar}', 1802. Elder Mariner remained as pastor until his death in 1832. After the death of Elder Mariner, up to the year 1845, this church had no settled minister, though its pulpit was supplied the greater part of the time b}' Elders S. Owen, Henr^' Kendall, D. Pierce, "William Johnson, J. Butler, and N. Hooper. This church lias had at different times several distinct names. At first it was called the Harpswell Church, then Harpswell and Brans- wick, and later it went b}' the name of the East Brunswick Church. The whole number of members up to the 3'ear 1843 was about two hundred and fift3\^ Reference has been made to this church in the preceding chapter. SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY OF HARPSWELL. [1827.] This church was organized November 13, 1827. The records commence with the following : — " We whose Names are hereunto affixed — Having a hope that God has Eenewed our Hearts b}^ his rich Grace, and has made it our duty to Glorify him on the Earth — We feel a desire to be embodied into a visible Predestinarian Baptist Church that we may More perfectly Glorify him and enjoy the ministration of his word and ordinances." The above was signed by : — John L. Lambert, Elizabeth Lambert, Hannah Thomas, Lozana Alexander, Jane Wilson, Robert B. Gardner, Lucy Ann Farr, James S. Wyer, Mary Alexander, Norton Stover, Joshua Bishop, Patience Bishop, Isabella Merryman, Perry Alexander, Rosanna Alexander, Margaret Wyer, David Wilson, 2d, James Wilson, Jr. At a meeting held November 3, 1827, the following was sent to the Baptist churches in Topsham and Brunswick, and to the " Harpswell Church in Brunsickk." ' ' Beloved Brethren : we wish you to send us 3-our Elders and such brethren as 3'ou may think proper, to sit with us in Council for the pur- pose of organizing us into a Predestinarian Baptist Church, to meet with us at the Lower School House on the Neck, on Tuesday the 13th inst. at 10 o'clock a. m." In reply to this request the Topsham church sent Elder Henry Ken- dall, Ebenezer Whittemore, and James Cook ; the Brunswick church sent Elder Benjamin Titcomb, David Given, Jr., and Samuel Given ; « the Harpswell church in Brunswick sent Elder Samuel Mariner, Robert ^ Theforegoing account is taken from a " History of the Baptists in Maine," by Rev- erend J. Millet, 1«45. 448 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIAJiPSWELL. Joiilan, and Ileuiy Jordan. Tliis council met November 13, and after choice of officers, they examined intt) the faith and order of the candi- dates, and voted to give them tlie right hand of fellowship. The services were as follows : — Prayer, by Mr. Hall ; sermon, b^* Reverend Henry Kendall ; after which the members arose and received the right hand of fellowshii) as Ji sister church ; praj^er, h\ Elder Mariner. [1828.] At a meeting held January 5, 1828, William Kandall and John L. Lambert were confirmed as deacons. [1n;51.] The first elder to preach to them seems to have been Elder Kendall in 1S;5I. [l'S4G-18r)0.] Elder Tinkham preached to them in 181G, and at a church meeting held August 15, 1847, he was formally invited to settle as their pastor. He was dismissed at his own request on October 4, 1850. [1853-54.] Elder L. Barrows began to preach to this church al)out IMay, 1853,'-and on November 5 formally united witli them. In July, 1854, he was dismissed in order to unite Avith the Baptist Chuich in Kennebunk. [185G.] Elder J. Hutchinson of the ISIaijuoit church in Brunswick preached occasionally alter the dismissal of Elder Ban-ows, and on August 25, 1856, having been dismissed by the Maquoit cliurch. was received into the fellowship of this church. [I860.] In 1859, Elder Nelson was preaching to them ; and on August 5, 1860, Elder Evans was sent as a delegate to a meeting of tlie Baptist Association, so it is safe to infer that he was preaching to this church. [1862.] April 5, 1862, Reveiend H. Perkins was received as a mcmbtM- of this church. On December 3 he received a certificate to enahU' liiin to join the church at Mechanic Falls, where he was already settled. [1865.] On February 4, 1865, Elder N. P. Everett was admitted to fellowship. [1.S66.] On August 4, 1866, Elder Sargent was chosen a delegate to the association. [1869.] On August, 1869, Elder R. Cioud was settled as pastor; and on the following twenty-fifth of December, Elder Everett was dismissed. [1874.] On July 4, 1874, Reverend AVilliam R. Millett anj subscribing his or her name to the forego- ing rules. " 7tli. Am' member ma}- withdraw from this societv when they shall have paid their subscription and signified their desire so to do, to the clerk of this society." The following names Avere affixed to this constitution : — Isaac Stover, Thomas Alexander, Samuel Dunning, David Curtis, Joshua Stover, Paul R. Thomas, James Meryman. 2d, Alcot S. Pen- nell, Robert Penncll, Sylvester Stover, 2d, Jacob Blake, Alcot Stover, Harmon Pennell, Thomas Penncll, and Robert Dunning. In 1845 this society was received into the Kennebec Association of Univer- sal ists. The entries in the records of this society are very brief, and contain little else than the lists of officers chosen annually. At a meeting held April 14, 1849, it was voted to support a preacher that 3'ear by subscription, and not b}' taxation. At a meeting held July 21 , 1860, the treasurer in his report declared the society to be free from debt. The society, notwithstanding this fact, had only occasional preaching for nearl}' ten years. [1870.] On January 29, 1870, the society was reorganized by the choice of Thomas Alexander as moderator ; David Pennell, clerk ; Alcot S. Pennell, Benjamin F. Randall, and Joshua Stover, standing committee; B. F. Randall and A. S. Pennell, collectors; and A. S. Pennell, treasurer. The last entry in the records is dated May 8, 1875. Between 1870 and 1875. Reverend William R. French, of Brunswick, preached a portion of the time in summer, in addition to his services at Brunswick. There is at present no settled minister, but the society is still in existence. CENTRE CONGREGATIONAL PARISH. [1843.] This societ}' or parish originated in 1843 by certain indi- viduals combining for the purpose of building a new meeting-house. It was formed, and the first meeting was held agreeably to the war- rant for the same, on September 27. Daniel Randall was chosen 452 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOFSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. moderator, and William C. Eaton, dork. The following constitution ^Yas adopted at this meeting : — ^ We the undersigned having organized ourselves into a parish under the name of the Centre Congregational Parish, in Ilarpswell, for tlie promotion of good morals, for religious teaehing and instruc- tion, and for sustaining and propagating the truths of the Gospel as held by the Orthodox Congregational denomination in this State, do adoi)t the following constitution : — "Article 1st. This parish shall consist of those whose names are aflixed to the application for a warrant for oi'ganization, together with such other persons as they maj' from time to time elect, and who shall sign this constitution. "■Art. 2d. The officers of this parish shall be a clerk, two or more assessors, a treasurer, a collector, and a standing committee of three, who shall be elected at the annual meetings. " Art. 3d. The animal meeting of this parish shall be held in the month of April in each year, on some clay to be specified by the assessors. "Art. Ith. In case the annual meeting shall not be held at the timi' specified, the olllcers of the preceding year shall retain their offices until others are chosen and qualified in their stead. " Art. oth. 'J'his parish agree in the settlement of a minister, and in the sni)[)ort of the ordinances of the Gospel, to proceed upon the estalilislied principles of the Orthodox Congregational denomination in this State and to act in concert Avith the church in IIar[)swell of like order and faith. " Art. 6th. A majorit}- of two thirds of all the legal voters in this parish shall be necessary to alter or amend this constitution." The original subscribers to the above constitution were : — Silvester Stover, Joseph Eaton, James Stover, Simeon Orr, Jacob IMeryman, ]Jenjamin Dunning, George S. Dunning, Arthur Orr, Thomas U. Eaton, Lemuel II. Stover, Shubal JMerryman, William C. Eaton, Daniel Randall, Henry Barnes, Joseph Stover, James Mcr}'- man, -lames Dunning, Jeremiah Meryman, Angier II. Curtis, Albert Stover, Paul C. Kandall, Dominions Jordan, William liarnes, James Curtis, Joseph Curtis, John Durgin, H. C. Martin, Hal^)!! Johnson, Joseph A. Stover, Elisha S. Stover, and Isaac Menyman. It was also at this meeting voted to accept the meoting-houso otfored by the proi)rietors, and to assume all the liabilities and duties of the latter. The next day tiie new meeting-house was dedicated with the foUow- iuii' services : — ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF IIAUPSWELL. 453 Reading of Scriptures, b}' Reverend Elijah Kellogg, then on a mis- sionary" tour; prayer, by Reverend Daniel Sewall ; sermon, Ity Rever- end J. W. Chiekering ; address to the church, b}' Reverend George E. Adams ; prayer, b^^ Reverend Mr Parsons. At a meeting of the church on November 12, it was voted : — " That th(! Centre Conriregational CImirh in Ilarpswell Avotdd tender their united thanks to the individuals in Bath, Freoport, Brunswick, and High Street Church, Portland, for their liberal donations to assist them in the erection of a house of worship; also to the Widow T). Dunlap, for the liberal present of a sofa ; to the president and profes- sors of Bowdoin College, for their services in supplying the pulpit ; and to Professor Upham, for his unwearied exertions in our behalf." [1844.] On April 25, 1844, the church voted, in concurrence with the parish, to extend an invitation to Reverend Elijah Kellogg to set- tle as their pastor for three hundred dollars per 3'ear, for four years. This invitation was accepted, and was subsequently renewed for an indefinite period. [1847.] At a parish meeting, held November 1, this year, it was decided that Mr. Kellogg might go " to Orr's Island the coming win- ter, and preach three Sabbaths, if he see fit." The church records are wanting entirely between the years 1844 and 1855, and from the latter date down to 1870 they contain only the admissions to church fellowship and lists of those l)aptized. [1854.] In 1854, Mr. Kellogg gave up the immediate charge of the parish, in order to dcA^ote more time to literary pursuits, but his pastoral connection with the church has never been dissolved. [18G6.] At a meeting of the parish, held Ai)ril 28 of this year, three hundred dollars was raised for repairing and painting the meet- ing-house. [1870.] At a church meeting held on the twenty-eighth of August, it was voted that the thanks of the church "• be hereby given to Honorable A. D. Lockwood, of Lewiston, for a highly valued, beau- tiful communion service, generously presented by him for our use. And our prayer is that the Great Head of the church will accept the act as done to himself, and bountifully reward the giver." On Sep- tember 24 a church meeting was held on Orr's Island, the first one mentioned in the records as being held on that island. [1874.] At a meeting of the parish, held April 23, 1874, it was voted to allow the sewing circle '• to enlarge the stove-rooms b}' tak- ing in the pews in front of each." The latest entry in tliese records is dated the sixth of the following September, at which time Paul C. Randall was chosen a deacon. 454 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSRAM, AND HARPSWELL. There has been no settled minister over this parish since Mr. Kellogg left, but the pulpit is supplied a good part of the time, and nearly every summer, by Mr. Kellogg himself, who makes Harpswell the place of his summer residence. THE METHODIST CHURCH /ND SOCIETY. The introduction of Methodism into Harpswell dates back onl}' to 1854, although as early as 1814 Fathers Lombard and Bennett, and perhaps others, had preached in town. [1854.] In Ma}-, 1854, Reverend George C. Crawford, of Bruns- wick, was, at the solicitation of a number of people of West Harps- well, appointed to that field of labor. At that time there was not a member of the Methodist church on Harpswell Neck, with the excep- tion of Sidney Bailey and wife. Mr. Crawford commenced his labors about the first of June, holding the meetings in the school-house near Mr. Simeon Webber's. On the third Sabbath of his ministry here, he read in public the " Doctrines, Discipline, and General Rules" of the Methodist P^jiscopal Church. A small " class " was then formed, consisting of Captain Norton Stover, Nathaniel Pinkham and wife, and Sidney Bailej' and wife. A few weeks later Mr. William Gillam and wife, then of Orr's Island, joined. After two or three meetings it was decided to build a church at once. A suitable lot was secured in a central location. Captain Stover was chosen an agent to pur- chase lumber and other material ; and W. W. Douglass, of Brunswick, was chosen to superintend the erection of the building. [1855.] The work was hastened, and in less than one year from the time of the first meeting in the school-house, a beautiful and graceful chapel was dedicated. On the da}- of dedication people flocked to town from all directions, and Reverend William F. Farring- don, then of Portland, delivered the dedicatory address from the words, " Searching what, or what manner of time, the spirit of Christ which was in them did signify, when it testified beforehand the suffer- ings of Christ and the glory that should follow." 'Ihe sale of pews took place in the afternoon of the same da}-. The society is largely indebted to Captain Norton Stover and Nathaniel Pinkham, who assumed the entire financial responsibility in the erection of' the church. At the Conference of 1855 Reverend Ileman Nickerson was ap- pointed to succeed Mr. Crawford. He was succeeded by Reverend Mr. Russell. Then followed, in succession, Reverends N. Andrews, John Collins, II. B. Mitchell, Alpha Turner, George C. Crawford (a ECCLESIAI^TWAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 455 second time), J. C. Perry, H, Briggs, Thomjis Hillman, N. C. Clif- ford, D, Dudley, N. Andrews (a second time), and M. C. Baldwin. Under these preachers there were several revivals and a large number were added to the church. The society is now in a flourishing condi- tion, and is composed in a large part of the wealth, intelligeuce, and refinement of that section of the town. 456 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. CHAPTER XV. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. Brunswick, the seat of Maine's oldest and most favored college, has g-enerally shown herself full}- mindful of the claims of education. So far, however, as the early introduction of schools is concerned, no especial credit attaches itself to the earl}- settlers, who simply acted in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth, and had, indeed, before the incorporation of the town, no volition in the matter. In all proba- bility it has been well for the town that the establishment of schools was not left to the discretion of the earlier settlers, for they were, with a few notable exceptions, extremely ignorant as to all knowledge usually acquired from books. As an illustration of the average attain- ments of the time, it is related of Thomas Atkins, one of the earliest settlers in this vicinity, that he had ten daughters, of whom not one could sign her name to a deed.^ Even so late as Judge Minot's time it was considered a rare accomplishment for one to be able to read, and it is given as a tradition among his descendants that on one occasion, when he had received a newspaper at the village, he stopped on his wa}- home and read from it to some workmen on the road, who were greatly astonished that the judge should be able to read. The judge was not, however, the only man hereabouts at that time who could read, for there were then a number of educated people in town, one of whom (Thomas Skolfield) was a graduate of Dublin University. Ample excuse is to be found for the neglect of the earlier settlers to provide means for education in the fact that they were few in numbers, constantly exposed to the incursions of a savage foe, and were obliged to till other fields than those of an intellectual kind, — to break up the rough soil of the wilderness, and raise the scant}' crops absolutely required for their physical existence. It is simpl}' another example of the fact that, in the order of time, ph3'sical must precede mental activity. The first action looking to the establishment of a school in Bruns- * Reverend Dr. Ballard's Notes. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 457 wick was in the j^ear 1715, at wliich time the Pejepscot proprietors voted that the ministerial, minister's, and school lots should be the centre lots of the town J In 1717 provision was made b}' the General Court of Massachusetts for a school-master to reside at Brunswick, and fift}' dollars was voted for books and rewards for the 3'oung Indians who might become his pulpils.- This school was a part of the mission to the Indians. Who was sent as teacher has not been ascertained. At the November session of the Court of General Sessions this year, Benjamin Larrabee, Esquire, appeared in behalf of the town of Bruns- wick, to answer to the " presentment of the town for not having and maintaining a school-master in said town to teach children and vouth to read and write as the law directs and requires." Larrabee's excuse for the delinquency was accepted, but the town was required to pay sixteen shillings, the fees of court. At a meeting held Febrnary 23, 1743, the proprietors voted : — " That Lott number six on the southeasterl}' side of the Road adjoyning to the Ministry Lott be and hereb}' is granted to the Town of Brnnswick for a school Lott containing one hundred acres, to be and Continue for said use."^ At a town meeting in 1739, a pi'oposition to employ a school-master was "voted for and past in the negative," but the town afterwards reconsidered its action, and at a meeting in September choee a com- mittee to secure the service of a school-master. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The first school-teacher employed by the town was James INIcCash- len, who was emplo3'ed in the year 1740, and was paid £40** for his services. In 1741 it appears from a statement in the Pejepscot Papers that Reverend Mr McClanethan taught a school here. In 1742 a committee was appointed by the town to secure the ser- vices of a school-master, and they were authorized " to appoint him the time and places for keeping the Schoole in the Sevarel partes of the Town as they shall Think proper." Samuel Maffltt was selected as a teacher, and received £17 10s. as his pay, but the length of time he taught is not stated. ^ About the year 1752, Mr. George Harwood was employed to teach by the 3'ear.^ In order to give equal privileges of schooling to ail, he ' Pejepscot Records. 2 Varney, History of Maine, p. 123. ^ Pyepscot Records, * Town Records 1, pp. 23, 49, 50, 5L ^Ibid. ^Pejepscot Papers. 458 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, T0PSIIA3I, AND HARPSWELL. taught in three different parts of the town, — at the npper part of New Meadows, at the old west meeting house, and at lower New Meadows. In 1753 a committee was chosen to secure a school-master at the rate of £220 old tenor. In 1754 another committee was raised for the same purpose, and £13 Gs. 8cZ. voted for the salary. The committee were instructed to station the teacher inthe several parts of the town, according to the amount paid by each part. In 1755 the same amount was paid as salar}', with the board addi- tional. This 3'ear John Blake was employed as a school-master for six months from November 5. His engagement was probably not renewed, as the town in Ma}', 1756, authorized the selectmen " to provide a school-master when they see the times to be convenient." In 1759, John Farrin was emploj-ed as a teacher, the town paying him at the rate of £26 13,s. Ad. per annum. He was re-engaged the next year at the same salar}-, and continued to teach until October 1 , 1761, when his time expired. He is known to have taught again in 1776, because he that ^^ear gave the town £15 6s. 8c/. of his salary, in consequence of the public distresses and the burdensome taxes. Whether he taught between 1761 and 1776 is not known, but it is to be presumed that he did. In 1762 the town was virtually divided into two districts, by the employment of separate teachers for the eastern and western parts. Probably Mr. Farrin was one of the teacher^ employed. In 1763, George Harwood was chosen as school-master, by vote of the town, " if he accepts of the same." He did accept, for in 1767 he was paid for four years' teaching. In 1790 the town was, for the first time, legall}- divided into school districts, a committee being chosen at a regular meeting to divide the town into two districts. In 1797 a vote was passed b^- the town, " that the school money be divided in future according to the number of scholars in each class,' the scholars to be numbered, all between four and twent3'-one 3'ears of age, but if an}- others in any class are disposed to go, he or she shall have a right to do so, whether they are over or under the above age." In 1798 the town voted, for the first time, to choose a school com- mittee, and the selectmen were chosen to act in that capacity. The town also voted that no person should be allowed to teach in any dis- trict without the approbation of the committee. * Districts were then called classes. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 459 PreA-iously to this time the red school-house at the foot of the mall was Iniilt.i It was afterwards moved to the Cove. Who the other teachers may have been, besides those already named, prior to 1800, is unknown. Mr. Kichard Flaherty- is mentioned as having taught here some time in the last century, but neither the date of his teaching is known, nor whether his school was a public or private one. In ISIO the town was divided into nine school districts. About this time Mr. Dorman Perkins taught in the district schools of the town. He kept a school one term in Benjamin Larrabee's house, at New Meadows, near where Mrs. Thomas now lives. He kept school another term in the upper New Meadows district, and another term at Maquoit. In 1820, if not before, the number of districts must have been increased, as there were this 3'ear twenty-three public or district schools.- In 1820 the school committee were directed to report at the annual town meeting the names of two scholars "from each class, one boy and one girl, that shall have made best improvement and sustained good moral characters." On November 29, 1824, the greater portion of the "school lot" was sold at auction. This was the origin of the school fund. A. Bourne, the auctioneer, was the chairman of the trustees of the school fund. The remainder of the school lot was sold in 1833. At a town meeting, held in March, 1826, a petition of Benjamin Peterson and others, "that this town set olf the colored people of School District Number 14, into a district b}' themselves," was referred to the selectmen. This district was at New Meadows, where there were quite a number of negroes, and the white citizens of that dis- trict had then the same feeling in regard to commingling with those of a darker race that is even now prevalent in some quarters. At another meeting, held on the eleventh of September following, the town voted that the monej^ for District Number 14 should be divided, the white people to have a school summer and winter, and the colored population to have a school at the other seasons. The division of money was to be made according to the proportion of scholars in the separate schools. Of the difierent districts of the town we have succeeded in obtain- ing the records of but two, viz., of District Number 5 (Growstown) and of the Village District. * The red school-house on School Street was of a later date. 2 Putnam, " Letters to a Gentleman in South Carolina." 460 HISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The records of District Number 5 commence February- 11,1817. At this meeting a district school committee were chosen to superintend the school, and it was voted to have the school-mistress " hoard round." In 1839 the district committee were instructed to visit the school every four weeks, and were to have three dollars each for their sorA^ces if the}' attended to their duty. On January 29, 1848, the district decided to build a new school- house, to be located " at the corner of the road on land owned by James Otis and occupied by E. T. Parsons, on the north side of the road leading b}' said Parsons's house ; with the understanding that it be given gratis." Stephen Snow, George Woodsidc, and Ilarvcy S. Otis were chosen a building committee, and at a meeting hold the next month, it was voted to give them discretionar}- power to build a suitable school-house and to dispose of the old oue. On January 25, 1849, a new committee was chosen, and the build- ing of a school-house was set up at auction to the lowest bidder, the old house to be given to the successful bidder, " except the stove and funnel." James Otis agreed to build it for two hundred and fifty dollars, and the district voted to raise two hundred. The school- house was built this year. On April 11, 1857, the district voted to admit pupils from other districts, at the discretion of the agent, " at twenty-five cents per week and board of teacher a proportionate part of the time." This permission appears not to have worked well, or to have given dissatis- faction, for two 3'ears later the district voted not to admit pupils from other districts on any consideration. The following are the early teachers in this district so far as known : Mary Noyes, Mar}' Merrj-man, and James jMcIveen, in 1814 ; Priscilla Melcher and John Winslow, in 1815; Margaret Ransom and John Winslow, in 1816 ; Deborah Small and Benjamin Thompson, in 1817 ; INIary Snow, in 1818 ; Mar}' Stanwood and Benjamin Thomp- son, in 1819. THE VILLAGE SCHOOL DISTRICT.i Brunswick village was formerly divided into three school districts, known as Numbers " 1, 2, and 20." In the winter of 1848 several informal meetings of the inhabitants of the village were held, to take into consideration the condition of the village schools. 1 For this account ice are ktrfjebj indebted to MSS. of the late A. C. Robbins, Esquire, from which we have copied freely. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 461 A committee was appointed to collect infonnation upon the subject of schools in other places, and to see what could be done for the im- provement of the public schools in the village. This committee proposed the plan of uniting Districts Numbers 1 , 2, and 20 into one district, to be called the Village District, for the puri)ose of grading and classifying the schools, and of adopting the " high-school s^'stem." On March 24, 1848, Benjamin H. Meder and fifteen others peti- tioned the selectmen to insert in their next annual warrant for a town meeting an article to so alter the school districts that Districts Numbers 1, 2, and 20 should constitute one district. About the same time John C. Humphreys and Leonard C. Merrill presented to the selectmen a similar petition, except that it contained in addition the words '' provided such shall be the wish of said dis- tricts respective!}'." In the warrant for the annual town meeting, April 3, 1848, an article was inserted in accordance with the latter petition, and the town at that meeting voted: " I'hat School Districts Numbers 1, 2, and 20 be discontinued and to be constituted one district, to be called the Village District, provided such shall be the wish of the several districts respectively." At a meeting of the legal voters of District Namb'-r 1, on April 24, 1848, a committee of five were chosen to take measures for building a new school-house. '1 his committee were Allen Colby, Ward Coburu, John Rogers, William H. Hall, and Benjamin H. Meder. It was also at this meeting voted : "• To join District Number 1 and District Num- ber 20, to form a High School." The meeting adjourned to Maj' 6, at which time the district proceeded to act on sundry matters as though no vote to join the other district had been passed. The following votes were passed: 1. To accept the report of the committee, which was in favor of building a school-house on Bow Street, to be two stories high. 2. To choose a prudential committee of three. 3. To raise three hundred dollars b}' tax towards building a school-house. 4. To pay the agent and clerk each five dollars. 5, 6. To compel the chil- dren of the district, who were between the ages of four and fourteen years, to go to the summer school, and to forbid those between the ages of four and ten years to attend the winter school. 7. To require pupils between the ages of ten and twenty-one years to go to the school kept b}' a male teacher. This was the last meeting ever held b}' District Number 1 . The lesal voters of District Number 2 held a meetino- at the red 462 niSTORY OF BRUXSWICK, TOPSIIAM, and HARPISWELL. school-house, on School Street, previously referred to, on April 22, 1848. This meeting was adjourned to May G, at which time a com- mittee, consisting of G. C. Swallow, A. C. Robbins, William Mount- ford, Thomas Knowlton, and E. S. Parshle}', were chosen to obtain information in regard to the high-school S3'stem, and to report at a subsequent meeting. The next meeting of this district was held June 24. The committee reported in favor of the adoption of the high- school sj'stem, and it was voted ' • that the district concur with Dis- tricts Numbers 1 and 20 in adopting the sj'stem and in the formation of a Village District, agreeable to the petition of Benjamin Furbish and others and a vote of the town." G. C. Swallow, George F. Dunning, A. C. Robbins, John F. Titcomb, and John S. Gushing were chosen a committee to confer with Districts Numbers 1 and 20. At a special meetiug of District Number 20, held June 24, 1848, it was voted " to unite with School Districts Numbers 1 and 2 for the formation of the Village District." The district also chose Professor II. H. Boody, Charles J. Noyes, and Robert Melcher a committee to confer with the committees chosen by Districts Numbers 1 and 2, and the}' were authorized and empowered to adopt such measures as might be necessary on the i)art of the district, '•' to bring the object of said preceding vote into full and complete effect." On June 20, 1848, a petition was sent to the legislature, stating that the three above-mentioned districts had united and formed one district, with the consent of the town, and requesting the passage of an Act confirming the action of the town " and giving to said district power to raise annuall}' such sum of money as may be needed for the support of the public schools therein." This petition was signed by Abner B. Thompson and nineteen others in District Number 1, by Robert P. Dunlap and thirty-five others in District Number 2, and b}' Parker Cleaveland and twenty-three others in District Number 20. In accordance with this petition the legislature, the same year, passed an Act confirming the vote of the town, and granting to the Village District all the powers and privileges of other districts in the State ; authorizing the district to raise such sum of money as might be deemed necessary for support of the public schools within the dis- trict, the amount so raised not to exceed " three fifths of the amount apportioned to said district from the school money raised by the town for the same year " ; requiring this money to be assessed and collected as other school-district taxes were ; and authorizing the district to choose school agents and adopt proper by-laws. Immediatel}' after the passage of the preceding Act, measures were EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 463 taken for the organization of the Village District. A meeting of the inhabitants of the three districts in the village was called by the select- men, to be held on Augnst 18, 1848. At this meeting a committee of seven were appointed to draft a plan of organization. To this com- mittee were added the superintending school committee of the town, making a committee of ten. This committee reported, at a meeting held August 30, as follows : In favor of the annual election of a board of nine agents, three of whom might be from each of the former sections of the district, and this board were also authorized to act as an executive committee, and to prescribe a course of study and deter- mine the text-books to be used ; to examine teachers ; to visit the schools ; to conduct examinations ; to promote deserving scholars ; to admit pupils from without the district ; and to establish by-laws. The committee also recommended that there should be three grades of schools, — primary, grammar, and high ; determined which should be taught b}- male and which by female teachers ; fixed the commence- ment and close of the several terms and vacations ; prcscribe<;l the classification and course of studies for each school, and the require- ments at examinations and for admission to school. This report was accepted at this meeting and its recommendations approved and authorized to be put into execution, though the}' were afterwards (April 17 and INIa}- 8, 1849) somewhat modified. The Board of Agents made a report, September 27, 1848, in which the}' reconnnended the purchase of a lot on Union Street, between O'Brien and Lincoln Streets, for the erection of a grammar and high school building, the renting and furnishing of rooms for these schools until such a building should be erected, and the enlargement and repair of the primary' school-houses. In their next report, this board state that all the schools had been organized according to the plan agreed upon. During the winter of 1848-9, four primary and two grammar schools had been taught, the average length of each being fifteen weeks. The number of teachers emplo3'ed was eleven ; eight in the primary schools, two in the prin- cipal grammar school, and one in the select grammar school, 'i'his was five more teachers than had been usually emplo3'ed in previous years. The number of pupils at this time in the primar}' schools was four hundred and forty-six ; the number in the principal gram- mar school was one hundred and twenty-five, and in the select grammar school, forty-six. The total number of pupils in the vil- lage schools 'was six hundred and seventeen. As the number of scholars very much exceeded what had been anti- 4G4 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. cipated, the committee had been under the necessit}' of establishing a fourth primary school on Union Street, The select grammar school was a temporary expedient made use of at this time, on account of the number of pupils really fitted to enter a high school being too small to justify the immediate establishment of such a school- Some fault having been found with the result of the examinations, the board in this report explained their method of conducting them, and defended their action in the matter. The total receipts for the village schools this ^ear were $1,204,49. Oftliis sum, $1,137.09 was expended for rent and repair of school- houses, payment of teachers, and incidental expenses, leaving a balance unexpended of sixty-seven dollars and forty cents. If from these expenditures the unusual expense of rent, repairs, etc., be deducted, there remains a sum less by twenty dollars tlian that ex- pended for the three winter schools of the previous year, which demon- strated the advantage of the system in a financial aspect. The agents urged strongly the necessity of providing suitable accommodations for the high and for the principal grammar scliool. They say, "By next September, at least one hundred and fort}' scholars will be entitled to a place in the grammar school, — a number which it is totally impossible to accommodate in an}' room in the vil- lage of which the committee have knowledge." In concluding this report the board congratulated the district " on the successful iutrotluction of a new and better system of schools." In Iheir report for the year ending April 2, 1849, the superintend- ing school committee also speak of the very decided improvement in the schools, in consequence of the adoption of the grading system and of a uniformity of school-books. The Board of Agents, in their report for the year 1849-50, make the following statements : — In the summer there were two grammar and four primary schools kept ; in the fall and winter, two grammar, three primary, and one miscellaneous school. The number of teachers during the year was, in the summer, ten, — one male and nine females. The school year was thirty weeks, divided into three terms of ten weeks each. In the suunner term there were five hundred and sixty-seven, and in the fall and winter terms five hundred and seventy-three pupils. At the l)egiiniing of the year there were not enough children suffi- cientl}' advanced in their studies to enable the agents to constitute the high school with all its appropriate classes. No high school was established, therefore, but the pupils were taught in the grammar EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 465 school. The time had then arrived, however, iu their opinion, for establishing the school. They affirm, " withont fear of contradiction, that never has there been in this village schools, public or private, of so high an order as the schools of this district the last year." The committee also stated that they had contracted with teachers, and conducted the schools on the assumption that the additional tax leA'ied by the district would be paid promptly. A part only of this tax had thus far been collected, and the most of this had been paid to cancel a note of the district, and that in consequence the teachers had not been paid for their last terra's service. The}^ stated that most of the citizens had favored, or at least acquiesced in, the change in the school system, but all had not. "On the part of some, there is an avowed hostilit}'' to this system, which will not be satisfied with au}-- thing short of its entire overthrow." The committee stated that this hostilitj- was exhibited the previous summer in an effort to procure from the legislature a repeal of the Act of Incorporation of the Village District. Failing in this, the}' refused to pay the tax levied b}'' the district, on the pretext that .the district had not been legally constituted, and that the power granted to it in its Act of Incorporation was in violation of the Constitution. The committee added that this objection came with bad grace from those who signed the petition for incorporation. Thej- considered the mat- * ter practically settled by the action of the legislature, but were ready to meet the matter at once before the Supreme Court. In accordance with a vote of the district the^'had taken legal advice, which was that the collector should be asked to proceed at once iu the collection of these taxes and that he should be supported therein by the whole strength of the district. The petition to the legislature, to w'hich reference was made above, was signed by John Crawford and one hundred and four others, and declared that the plan of uniting the schools into one district had proved a failui'e, and therefore a repeal of the Act was prayed for. This petition was first referred to the Committee on the Judiciary-, and was subsequently laid before the Committee on Education. Seven- teen of the signers were petitioners for the Act of Incorporation of the Village District. As soon as it was known that the above petition was in circulation, a remonstrance against a repeal was at once started. It was signed bj- Robert P. Dunlap, Adam Lemont, and two hundred and twenty- one others. , 30 4C6 HISTORY OF BRUXSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HAHPSWELL. One of the positions taken In' the opponents to the Village District was that District Number 1 never intended to unite and form with Districts Number 2 and 20 a VUla'je District, and that thoy did not acquiesce in the matter. In refutation of this argument, Messrs. Isaac Lincohi, William H. Hall, and Alfred J. vStone deposed, June 8, 1850, ''that since the organization of the Village District in Brunswick, in the summer of 1848, District Number 1 has claimed to have no legal existence, nor has the said District Number 1, since that time, per- formed an}' acts as a district, but has united with Districts Numbei-s 2 and 20 in the formation of the Village District, "■ No public schools have been taught in what was District Number 1 since the summer of 1848 up to this date, excepting the schools which were under the control and supervision of the agents of the Village District, to which schools the people in the part of the Village Dis- trict Avhich was formerly District Nmiiber 1 have cheerfully sent their children for instruction, and have received their full share of benefit therefrom." The truth in regard to the feeling in this district is shown by the following facts, which were certified to b}' John F. Hall, the last clerk of the district : Of the voters in District Number 1, tiven ty i)et'\t\oned for the Act of Incorporation of the Milage District, thirti/- five petitioned for the repeal of the Act, and sixty-seven remonstrated against a repeal. To show that the selectmen recognized the Village District as hav- ino- an existence in November, 1848, the following certificate was written : — " Selectmen's OrriCE, Brunswick, June 7, 1850. " On the seventeenth of November, 1848, 1 was called upon by A. C. Eobbins, one of the Board of Agents for the Village District, for that year. At his request I balanced the accounts with School Districts Numbers 1, 2, and 20, and carried the balances forward to the credit of the Village District. At that time there was due to District Num- ber 1, $381.03; to District Number 2, $319.08 ; to District Number 20, $179.40. All which balances were credited to the Village District in Brunswick, since which time we have had no accounts with Dis- tricts Numbers 1,2, and 20: the money formerly due to them being credited to the Village District in Brunswick. "(^Signed) " Richard (Jreenleaf, Chairman of Selectmen.''^ In July, 1849, the president and directors of the Warumbo INIanu- facturing Company petitioned the legislature " that the said company ma\- be exempted from the payment of the taxes by sptxjial legislation EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 467 imposed upon them, or that if thay must be speciall}- taxed for such objects bp>/oiid the general provisions of law, that the avails may go to the benefit of the whole town in which tlieir propert^'is situated." Among the reasons given for asking for this exemption was that, in the passage of the Act, the corporation had no agency nor notice. It was true that they had no notice, as a corporation, but the company were represented in the petition for incorporation b^' their treasurer and one of their directors. The petition for the repeal of the Act of Incorporation, the petition of the Warumbo Manufacturing Company, and the remonstrance, were all laid before the Committee on Education. On an appointed day the petitioners appeared, and were heard by their counsel. Gen- eral A. B. Thompson and Honorable James W. Bradbury. The remonstrants were heard by their representatives. Professor William Smyth and Phineas Barnes, Esquire, of Portland. Richard Green- leaf, Esquire, appeared as a witness for the petitioners. After the somewhat protracted hearing, the committee of nine, all of whom were, present, voted eight to one to give the petitioners leave to withdraw. On July 20, 1849, this report of the committee passed both houses of the legislature without a dissenting vote. At the annual town meetings in 1848, 1849, aud 1850, it was voted : " That the several school districts be authorized to choose their sev- eral school agents." The foregoing account relates to the organization of the Village District. What follows will relate to the doings of this district. At a meeting of the Village District, held on the tweutj'-seventh of September, 1848, the Board of Agents were authorized to borrow such sums of money as might be needed froni time to time for the expenditures already authorized, not to exceed ^5,000. At the annual meeting of the district in 1849, it was voted "to raise three fifths of the amount of money raised by the town, apportioned to this district b}* a tax on the same." 'Ihis vote was passed under the law of August 3, 1848. Under the first vote, and jby the authority th^erein given, the Board of Agents hired the sum of three hundred and twenty-five dollars for the purpose of altering and repairing the primarj' scliool-houses, and gave their note for the district. This loan of three hundred and twenty-five dollars, together with the amount raised by vote of the district, April 17, 1849, was certified to the selectmen and assessors, and at the annual assesj>ment in 1849 the assessors made one tax for both items. 468 IIISTOllY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. 'Ihe Board of Agents for the ^-ear 1849 were William Smyth, John C. Humphreys, Allen Colb}', Benjamin Furbish, and Richard Green- leaf. They put the schools in operation, basing their expenditures and calculations upon the supposition that the extra tax of three fifths, A'oted in April, 18-49, Avould be paid. Early in the spring of 1850 it was ascertained that very many of the large tax-pa^-ers had declined and absolutely refused to pay the extra school-tax. The consequence was that the district was largeh' indebted to school-teachers, and had no means of paying their claims so long as the extra tax was withheld. A meeting of the district was held March 7, 1850, at which the following resolution was passed : — '" Whei'eas certain individuals in the district have declined llie pay- ment of their taxes upon the ground that the law under which the tax is levied is unconstitutional. Therefore, Resolved that the Board of Agents be instructed by this meeting to procure such legal advice as they may deem expedient and take such measures as may in the speediest manner test the constitutionality of said law and secure the collection of the taxes." At the annual meeting in April, 1850, the following vote was passed : — " Voted, that the town collector lie requested at once to collect the taxes remaining unpaid, b}' distraint or otherwise, and that the dis- trict will indemnif}- him in the same." TMs vote of the district was formally certified to the collector, yet lie declined doing anything towards the collection of the extra tax. 'I'he Board of Agents for the j-ear 1850 found themselves ver}' unpleasantly situated. The district was largely indebted to teachers. The larger part of the extra tax was uncollected, and the collector refused to perform his duty. At a meeting of the board. May 7, 1850, the following vote was passed, all being present: — '-' Whereas Ste[)hen Snow, the collector of the town of Brunswick to whom was committed a certain tax, assessed upon the inhabitants •of the Milage District in said town, by the proper authorities of said lowii, raising money for the sui)poi't of schools in said Village Dis- trii^t-, has collected and paid over a part of said tax and neglects and refuses to collect and pay over the balance of said tax, the time men- tioued iu his warrant of commitment having exi)ired some time ago, ther*'fore : \'oted, that John C. Humphreys be a committee to call upon the treasurer of the town of Brunswick and inform him of the neglect and refusal of Stephen Snow, the collector, to proceed in the collection of the taxes, and request the treasurer to issue his war- EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 469 rant against the said Stephen Snow, collector, agreealily to the pro- visions of the Revised Statutes, Chapter 14, Section 111, as the contingency has occurred which makes it the duty of the treasurer to issue his warrant against the collector for neglsct of dut}"." Mr. Humphreys reported that he called upon the treasurer May 11, 1850, and handed him a copy of the vote, after reading which he returned an answer that he would see the collector the first of the week and see what could be done about it. At a meeting of the Board of Agents, Ma}' 7, 1850, the following vote was passed : — " Voted, that A. C. Robbins be a committee to obtain legal advice as to certain points affecting the welfare of this district, and which are now in dispute between the friends and opposers of the schools." Under this vote Mr. Robbins made a statement of all the facts in the case and laid it before Phineas Barnes, Esquire, and Honorable William Pitt Fessenden, of Portland, and received a written opinion from them in reply. Amongst other things they sav, "No particular form of assent is specified in the vote, and the law regards substance rather than form. ... If therefore the several proceedings in voting, certifying, and assessing the taxes, and their commitment to the collector, were correct and legal (all which we have taken for granted), we have no doubt that it is the collector's duty, and still remaining so, to collect these taxes, according to his warrant. The warrant constitutes both his authorit}' and his protection." If he neglects, they say the treasurer should be requested to issue his war- rant against him ; and if the treasurer neglects or refuses to do so, the proper remedy' is to appi}' to the Supreme Judicial Court for a writ of mandamus. May 23, 1850, the treasurer of the town gave to the Board of Agents a written refusal to issue his warrant against the collector, as requested by them. On the same date, the Board of Agents gave an order to Augustus I. Owen, one of the teachers, upon the treasurer of Brunswick. The latter indorsed upon this order the following : — " The subscriber declines paying the within, there being no funds in his hands subject to the order of the treasurer of the Village District." On account of this action of the treasurer, the Board of Agents gave Mr. Owen an order on the selectmen, on which the latter in- dorsed the following : — " The selectmen of Brunswick decline pacing or accepting the above order for the reason that the district has already received its full 470 imsTORY OF BTtUNSWICE, TOPSHAM, AND HABPSWELL. proportion of school raone}- raised by the town, and that the amonnt raised by extra taxation in the district has not been collected and is not therefore subject to their order." May 25, 1850, William Smyth, Robert P. Dunlap, John C. Hnm- phre3s, Augustus C. Bobbins, and Leonard Townsend. the Board of Agents, petitioned the Supreme Court at the session to be held at Paris, Maine, on the last Tuesda}- of the month, for a writ of man- damus against the treasurer. Tiiey showed in their petition all the facts given in the preceding pages. Upon the foregoing petition, the affidavits in support thereof, by the petitioners, having been heard and considered by the court, it was, on the A J ay terra, 1850, " Ordered, That a rule be issued to the said John F. Titcomb, treasurer of the town of Brunswick, requiring him to show cause, if any he have, why he has neglected and refused to issue his warrant of distress against the said Stephen Snow, named in said petition, and why a writ of mandamus should not be granted b}- the court, com- manding him to issue such warrant of distress according to law ; at the term of this court to be holden at Norridgewock, within and for our county of vSomerset, on the second Tuesday of June, 1850, on the third day of the term, and that the petitioners give notice thereof to the said John F. Titcomb by causing an attested cop}' of this petition and of this order thereon, to be served upon him fourteen days at least before the said third day of the term of the court to be holden at Norridgewock aforesaid." At the court held in Norridgewock, the petitioners appeared by their comisel, Phineas Barnes, Esquire, and the respondents appeared by John S. Abbot, Esquire. The respondents asked for a continu- ance, which was opposed by the petitioners. It was finally agreed between the parties that the case should be continued to the term of the court to be held at Belfast on the fourth Tuesday- of July, 1850. It was also agreed that a hearing then and there should be had, and that the respondent should furnish the petitioners with an attested cop3' of his answer, fourteen days before the sitting of said court. At the court held in Belfast no witnesses were introduced b}' either party. The petitioners put into the case the documents already men- tioned. General Samuel Fessenden, of Portland, appeared for the respondents, and Phineas Barnes, Esquire, for the petitioners. In his answer to the petition of the Board of Agents for a writ of mandamus, the treasurer gave the following reasons for refusing to issue his warrant of distress against the collector : — EDUCATIOyAL HIS TOBY OF BRUNSWICK. 471 1. That the Act of lucorporation of the Village District was unconstitutional, on account of its allowing them to raise mone}- addi- tional to that raised by the town. 2. That the district was not legallj' constituted : (a) because the several districts had not voted to form a Village District, but onl}' to unite for a " high-school sj'stem " ; (&) because the old districts had never been discontinued ; (c) because the meetings had not Ijeen legal ; (d) because the vote of the town was illegal ; (e) because the Act of legislature was subsequent to the action of the town, which was itself conditional on an act of the district which it had no right to delegate to them the power to do ; (/) because the legislature has no right to create a school district by direct legislation, 3. That the assessment of the tax b}' the district was illegal : (a) because there is no constitutional authority for the legislature to create a corporation of an}- kind, com2')eUi)ig individuals to become members thereof, and subject to taxation against their will, except in the case of the formation of a town ; (&) because the assessors had ne\er had an^- official notice that the conditions of the town had been complied with, and the district legally formed ; (c) because the money assessed by the assessors was never raised b}' a legal vote of the distilct ; the vote not onl}' authorized the purchase of land and the erecting of a school-house (which would be legal) , but also authorized the enlarge- ment and repair of the old school-houses, and the renting and furnish- ing of rooms for the use of schools, and the whole was embraced in one vote, contrar}- to the law providing the waj- in which " incidental expenses" should be paid; that the money was neither borrowed nor expended for purposes for which a school district is authorized b}^ law to borrow mone}' ; {d) because the several certificates and copies provided by law, to be given b}' the officers of the school district to the assessors, treasurer, and clerk, of the town, were not duly certi- fied, filed, and recorded, as required b}- law ; that no certificate of the vote of the district, authorizing the borrowing of mone}-, was ever certified b}' the clerk thereof to the above officers; (e) that if the legislature has power to authorize school districts to raise money, such power cannot be given to a single district, but should be granted b}' a general law operating throughout the State ; (/) that a school district is not such an organized bod}-, nor has such interest as to enforce the collection, by a town collector, of a tax b}- mandamus, — the treasurer being the officer of the town and not of any school district. Allen Colby, William H. Hall, and Benjamin H. Meder, in behalf 472 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. of the petitioners, made depositions, July 18, 1850, to the following effect : — 1 . That they resided in the district. 2. That they had never known any persons claiming a separate organization as District Number 1 subsequent to the formation of the Village District. 3. That the}' had never known of any public school kept in District Number 1, except what was under the authorit}' of the Board of Agents of the Village District. 4. That the vote passed at the annual meeting of District Number 1, April 24, 1848, did contemplate the throwing up of the old organi- zation and the formation of a new district. G. That they never heard the plan of a high school spoken of at that or any other meeting of the district, except in connection with the formation of a Village District. 8. That tlie}' would have known if there had been any schools kept out of the public funds in that territory', other than those kept under the authority of the agents of the Vil age District. 9. 'Ihat after the organization of the Village District, the people in what was formerl}' District Number 1 sent their children to the schools of the Village District. The committee on accounts, in their report for 1850, under the " Treasurer's Account," give the amount received from the agents of tlie Village District, thus i-ecognizing its existence. The school committee, in 1850, recognized the district in their report and spoke of the manifest improvement of the schools therein. Judge Howard, in ordering the issue of a writ of mandamus, made an exhaustive review of all the questions raised upon either side and full}' sustained the Board of Agents in every material point, though he pointed out some errors made by them. Thus ended one of the most important lawsuits to which the village of Brunswick has ever been a party, and both sides in the suit deserve credit for persisting in bring- ing to a legal settlement questions of such momentous importance to the welfare of the town and to the interest of education in general. ^ 1'liis opinion was delivered by the judge, March 1, 1851, and was received in Brunswick the same day. A meeting of the Village Dis- trict was called on the nineteenth of the month. At this meeting Professor AVilliam Smyth made a report in behalf of the Building Committee. In this report a recapitulation was given of the tieeds of ^ For the full account of tJiis trial, see Smith v. Titcomb, 31 Me. 272. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 473 the district in regard to school-houses, and of the votes. He reported that the Building Committee and Board of Agents had selected the lot of Miss Narcissa Stone, on the corner of Federal and Green Streets, and that he had been empowered hy a vote of each committee separately to purchase the lot. This he had done at a price of 81 ,000, payment to be made in five equal annual instalments, with interest at six per cent. Possession w-as obtained June 1. 1851. The committee had then turned their attention to the erection of a building upon this lot, but in the mean time it had been found that a portion of the tax-pa3'ers had positively refused to pay the taxes still due from them. The Building Committee had no alternative but to sta}' proceedings, and await the decision of the Supreme Couri. After that decision had been given they at once resumed their labors and contracted at once for the brick and stone necessary for the erection of the building, and they were being at that time deposited upon the lot. The report stated that the Board of Agents had been very much embarrassed by the want of suitable accommodations for the schools. 'I'hev had been obliged to break up classes, separate the boj-s from the girls, and wtually to return to the confusion and inefficienc}- of the old system. On April 19, 1851, William Smyth, chairman of the Board of Agents, made a report of which the following is a synopsis : — He stated that the committee had been greatly embarrassed b}- want of accommodations and by the lawsuit. He remarked, those opposed " regarded themselves as maintaining an important constitu- tional principle and their own just rights." But the question had now been settled, and all acquiesced in it. The connuittee recommended that the thanks of the district should be given to their counsel, Phineas Barnes, Esquire, and especially to their colleague, A. C. Robbins, Esquire, " for the untiring effort and distinguished abilitj' with which their case was prepared by him for argument, — services gratuitously rendered indeed, but upon which the success of the district in tlie late suit, so far, at least, as its legal existence is concerned, is mainly to be attributed." The report goes on to state that after the termination of the suit, the town collector had collected enough to pay otf all the debts of the district, except the fees of the counsel and the expenses connected with the suit. The report spoke favorably of the schools as a whole, but considered the primary schools as of the chief importance. It recommended the permanent establishment of an apprentices' school, and stated that the material did not at that time exist for the perfect organization of the 474 iiiyroRY of Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. High School. Several suggestions were also made as to the best moile of raisint>- the necessary- money for school purposes. The superintending school committee, in their report for April, 1851, say, " as their deliberate judgment, that at no period has there been so mueli to commend in the management and success of the village schools or so little to censure. '• In the general interests of education in the village, they think that a manifest advance has been made during the 3-ear." They were also of the opinion that the condition of the schools throughout the town would bear a favorable com[)arison witli that of any former year. The new brick school-house erected for the use of the schools of the Village District was dedicated on Tuesday, December 9, 1851. The services were opened by some remarks from Professor AVilliam Smyth. Then followed a somewhat detailed account of the schools for several years [)reviously, by I'rofessor D. R. Goodwin, which was followed by remarks by John S. C. Abbot. After a prayer by Reverend Doctor Adams, remarks were made by Messrs. Adams, Boody, and Smyth, a hymn was sung, and the benediction pronounced by Father Stetson. There was quite an audience present, and the occasion passed oli'ver}' pleasantly. In April, 1852, the superintending school committee reported that there were nine hundred school children in the village. They said that " the Village District has been greatly indebted to Mr. E. G. Parshley, who taught a separate school of older pupils of the primary schools, and who were not entitled to enter the grammar schools. Al)out eighty attended this school, who were well taught and kept in admi- rable discipline. The only compensation Mr. Parshley had for this service was the thanks of the comnmnity," Speaking of these village schools, Mr. John JM. Adams, school com- missioner for Cumberland County, in his report, published in the spring of 1853, says : — " 'ihis system of graded schools comes as near perfection as any I have ever seen, not excepting even that of Portland, which under the fostering care of a few efficient and devoted friends, chief amongst whom stands Mr. Barnes, has acquired a high and well-merited reputation." The cost of the brick school-house, as given in the financial report of the Board of Agents in 1853, was $5,885.44. The cost of the lot, which was $1,000, is not included. A portion ($5,000) of this amount was raised by loan, the balance by a direct tax. lu 1852 there were, including the Village District, twenty-six school EDUCATIONAL niSTORT OF BRUNSWICK. 475 districts in town. The whole amoimt received from all sources for the schools this 3-ear was $3,329.04. On Xovember 12, 1857, the High School pupils commenced a series of tableaux at their school-room, for the purpose of procuring funds for the purchase of apparatus. The}' met with good success. In 18G2 the apprentice school, which had been in operation in the winter season since 1851, was kept in the engine-hall on Pleasant Street. In 1867 the brick school-house on Bath Street was built. The amount of money for schools received from all sources was $0,782.27. In September, 1872, the school-house on the corner of Federal and Centre Streets was completed. It contains four rooms, with large halls in both stories. The condition of the schools in 1876 was as follows: the whole number of schools in town was twenty' -three ; the number of teachers emplo^'ed was thirty-one ; the total amount of school mone}* received from all sources was $10,403.08. It has been found impossible to obtain a list of the numl)er of pupils in Brunswick for each decade since the organization of the first town school, but the number at the different dates mentioned below will give some idea of the rate of increase. In 1804 the immber of pupils was 845 ; in 1805 it was 875 ; in 1806 it was 885; in 1825 it was 1,533; in 1826 it was 1,598; in 1829 it was 1.603 ; and in 1876 it was 1,782. The actual attendance this last 3'ear was, however, onlj' 864. ACADEMK^AL INSTITUTIONS. An account of Bowdoin College and the Medical School of Maine might with propriet}- be given in this connection, but on account of the length of the sketch, as well as for the reason that they are State and not town institutions, a separate chapter will be devoted to them. The first academical institution which should be mentioned here was the Brunswick Academy. This was a Gothic structure, which stood on Maine Street directly opposite the southwest corner of the college grounds. It was built b}- President Allen for a classical school. Mr. William Smyth (after- wards professor) taught it the first quarter, which ended on the eleventh of December, 1824. The second quarter began a week later, and was taught by William Hatch. The building was only used a few terms for a scliool and was then occupied by college students. Afterwards it was used as a dwelling by Mr. Charles J. Noj'es, and 476 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. still later it was torn down and rebuilt, and is now occupied as a dwellinsf. The Brunswick Academy. Pleasant Street Sejiinary, — This seminary building was erected in the fall of 1842 or winter of 1843, on the south side of Pleasant Street, a few rods from Maine Street. It was dedicated on the twenty- seventh of March, 1843. An address was delivered by Professor A. S. Packard, and there was singing by a choir under the direction of Mr. Charles J. Noyes. The building was two stories, the upper story being leased for a club-room. The lower floor was the school-room. The first term began on the twentieth of March, 1843, under the instruction of M. B. Bartlett (Bowdoin, class of 1812). Mr. Bartlett is said to have been an excellent teacher, and the school was a good one. Mr. Bartlett conducted the school for about three years, and was succeeded by Mr. Alfred W. Pike, a graduate of Dartmouth College, who was already an experienced teacher. This building was after- wards, in 1843, used by the Episcopalian society as a chapel. It was subsequently removed to Maine Street, and is now occupied as a store by Mr. J. P. Weeman, a few doors north of the post-office. The Brunswick Seminary was incorporated in 1845, with the design " of establishing an institution, in which the youth of both sexes might receive a thorough and practical knowledge of those branches of education which pertain especially to the every-day business of life ; and, also, all those higher branches of a finished EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. All education, which are taught in boarding-schools and the higher semi- naries." In accordance with this design, a commodious building ^ was ob- tained, with apartments so arranged that the ladies and gentlemen, while they occupied different rooms, had all the advantages of being classed together, of meeting at recitations, lectures, and other general exercises of the school. The trustees of the school were Honorable Robert P. Dunlap, president ; John S. Gushing, Esquire, secretary- ; Parker Cleaveland, LL. D., treasurer ; Leonard Woods, Jr., D. D., General Abuer B. Thompson, Reverend George E. Adams, General John C. Ilum- phre3's. The instructors in 1845-6 were G. Clinton Swallow, M. A., princi- pal ; Miss Trj-phena B. Hinkley, preceptress ; Miss Frances E. Stowe, teacher of music on the piano, etc. ; Miss Olivia J. Record, teacher of drawing and painting; Albion K. Knight, M. A., teacher of vocal music; Miss Evelina Owen, assistant; Miss Mar^- B. Hill, Miss Ellen S. Shaw, Mr. John W. Watson, Mr. John S. Fuller, monitors. During the first year there were one hundred and sixty-nine stu- dents, of whom eighty-one were young gentlemen and eighty-eight 30ung ladies. OTHER PRIYATK SCHOOLS. In addition to the seminaries already mentioned there have been many other schools taught in town by private persons, some of which might, perhaps, from their size and the successful manner in which they have been conducted, be justly placed in the foregoing class. They have not been, for the reason that they did not assume any higher name than that simply of a private school. All of these schools, concerning which we have been able to gain any exact information, will be mentioned under the name of their respective teachers. Miss Eunice Buss came to Brunswick in 1802 as the friend and companion of Miss Lucy Abbott, daughter of Honorable Jacob Ab))ott. After Miss Abbott's marriage in 1805, Miss Buss taught a small school for 3'oung children. After Mr. Abbott's death in 1820, the family pre- pared a small house for her in a corner of the garden-lot, about where 1 This building was on the corner of Maine and School Streets, and is noiv the resi- dence of Capt. Isaac L. Skolfield. 478 * HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Captain Jolui Bishop's house now stands. Here she taught school for a number of years. She afterwards maintained herself as a seamstress. She was highly esteemed, and was the presiding officer in many of the charitable associations of the ladies. In 1835 her health became impaired, and she returned to her former home in AVilton, Kew Hamp- shire. Mus. Cakoline p. Putnam, wife of Henry Putnam, Esquire, and mother of George P. Putnam, the New York publisher (recently de- ceased) , taught school in Brunswick for about eighteen years. From 1807 1 initil about 1818 or 1819, she taught in what was then known as the old Dunlap house, now the residence of the family of the late Doctor John D. Lincoln. Miss Narcissa Stone was her assistant dur- ing a portion of that time. Mrs. Pctnam next taught for a j-ear or two in the Forsaith house, next south of Dr. Lincoln's, ^ occupying the southeast room for her school-room, and from there she moved into the old Stone Mansion, which was situated near the northerly corner of Maine and Mill Streets, but Avhich stood a little back from both streets. She occupied one half of this house and Dean Swift the other half. Li this house she taught until 1825, when it Avas destroyed b}' fire. J\lrs. Putnam tlien moved to New York, where she ever after resided. She is spoken of by those who knew her as an excellent woman and a good teacher. John M. O'Brien, a member of the first class of Bowdoin College, kept a i)rivate school for two or three years. The exact date is not known with certainty, but the school was probably kept between the years 1.S06 and 1810. INIiss Eliza Chapman, a Boston lady, sister to Mrs. (Governor Dunlap, kept a private school for 3'oung ladies from 1823 until 1829, in the conference room on Centre Street. She was a lady of fine edu- cation and was a very successful teacher. Mr. Smith taught a private school in Hodgkins Hall, on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets, in 1824. This teacher is said to have been Mr. William Smj-th, afterwards a professor in Bowdoin College. Abraham Preble kept a private school under Masonic Hall, in the winter of 1825, and announced another term to be kept in another place which would better accommodate his patrons. He kept school for several terms, but exactly' how long is not known. Lot Jones opened a school over the bank in September, 1828, where he taught the various branches usuall}' taught in academies, and ' Reminiscences of Mrs. Lamb. 2 Reminiscences of Dean Swift. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 479 prepared students for college. He taught here for about one 3'ear and was a \Qvy successful teacher. He afterwards became an Episcopa- lian clergyman. Asa Dodge, of the class of 1827, Bowdoin College, and afterwards a raissionar}- physician in Syria, taught a school for 3'oung gentlemen and ladies, in 1829, and for two or three 3'ears after, in the conference room on Centre Street. His school was one of the best that was ever kept in Brunswick. He was a fine scholar and instructor, and is highly spoken of as a man b}' those who knew him. He died in Beirout, S^ria. Dauius Adams taught a school in "Washington Hall about the year 1830. He was succeeded b}' Samuel Adams, who taught in the same place for a few terms. Harriet Lee kept a private school for misses in 1830, in the Rod- uev Forsaith house, on Maine Street. The Misses R. and S. Owex kept a female boarding and da}- school in 1830, and for two or three jears after, in the Owen house, which was situated on the corner of Maine and O'Brien Streets, on the lot now occupied b}- the residence of Mr. Benjamin Greene. Richard Woodhull, of the class of 1827, of Bowdoin College, taugiit a school for one or two terms about 1830, in the conference room on Centre Street. He succeeded Mr. Asa Dodge. Mr. Thomas Baker (Bowdoin, class of 1831) taught a school for young gentlemen in Washington Hall, from 1833 until 1838 or 1839. From here he went to Cape Ann, and from thence to Boston as a head master. He became quite celebrated as a teacher. Misses Deborah Folsom and Mary Dunnixg kept a famil}- school for girls for about three ^-ears, on Union Street, nearly- opposite O'Brien Street. This was about the 3-ears 1836 to 1838 inclusive. The}- were both successful teachers. Miss Tryphena B. Hixkley came to Topsham in 1842 as an assist- ant in Mrs. Field's school. Two 3-ears later Mrs. Field resigned the school, and Miss IIinkle3- conducted it on her own account for about a 3-ear, when, at the solicitation of friends in Brunswick, she united her school with that of Professor Swallow, under the name of the Bruns- wick Seminary. At the end of about a 3-ear Miss Hiukle3- withdrew from this school and taught a da3--school in the Pleasant Street Semi- naiy. Here she taught for about a 3-ear. She then leased the house on the corner of Pleasant and Union Streets, r€centl3- owned and occupied b3- Mr. Samuel R. Jackson. She taught in this building for about five 3ears, keeping a boarding-school for young ladies. From 480 BISTORT OF BRUXSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. here she moved into the O'Brien house, which stood on Union Street, nearly opposite O'Brien Street. In this house she taught for about seven 3'ears. Here her seliool was large and prosperous. Fi-oni the O'Brien house she moved into her present residence opposite the col- leges, which she purchased of John S. C. Abbott, and to which she made additi(^ns and improvements. In all of her schools Miss Hinklej' has been assisted hy her sister, Miss Josepiiixe Hinkley, whose special department has been that of drawing. Among the other ladv assistants she has had, at ditferent times, Miss Fannie White, a teacher of music ; Madam Zimmerman, a German lad}' and a fine music teacher; Miss Frances Adams (now Mrs. General Chamberlain), Miss Lizzie McKeen, Miss Fannie Stowe, Miss Sarah Newman, Miss Emih- Poole, and Miss Sophia AV. "VVheeler. For gentleman assistants Miss Ilinkle}- has depended largeh* upon the college. Among those who have assisted her at different times have been C. C. Everett, AVilliam Packard, Flgbert C. Smvth, William S. Tucker, Joshua Leightou, Henry Farrar, her brother Eugene B. Hinkle}', and Professors Brackett, Kusscll, Taverner, and Briggs. The average number of boarding scholars has been about fifteen, the largest number about twenty-seven. Alfred AY. Pike advertised the eighth term of the "Brunswick High School" to begin April 10, 1843. It was kept in AA^ashington Hall. In 1845 he advertised the " Brunswick High School and Teacher's Seminaiy." Vocal music to be taught by Jotham Sewall ; mathematics and French, b}' Samuel J. Pike ; drawing and painting, b}' Miss Frances Adams. In 1846, and for about three j'ears after, he kept a school in the Pleasant Street Seminary, then in a building which stood on the spot cut through for the railroad on the east side of Maine Street, and lastl}', in his own house, which was then a cottage on Potter Street, but which was afterwards removed to ]\Iaine Street, enlarged and improved, and is now the residence of General Chamber- lain. D. Kendrick, Junior, taught a private school for ladies in 1845, and for about a 3'ear, in Dunlap Block. In addition to the foregoing private schools for general instruction, there have been from time to time others taught for instruction in special branches. SPECIAL SCHOOLS. The schools of this character will be given under the head of the branches taught in them. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 481 Daxcing Academy. — In Januaiy, 1821, L. Champrosay began a school at Stoddard's Hall. The terms were six dollars foi- twelve les- sons, lie also advertised to give private lessons in French. School fok Embroidery. — In 1823 a school was established b}- a lady from Scotland, for woiking in embroidery. ^ School for Instruction in French. — In 1836, J. G. Mivelle Dechene tanght French at Mrs. Pollard's house. School for Musical Instruction. — Instrumental. — In 182G a Miss Brown of Boston, gave instruction on the piano and hai-p. School for Instruction in Navigation. — lu 1825 a school for instruction in the art of navigation was kept byB. F. Neall}', and an- other one in 1843 hy John F. Hall. School for Instruction in Fancy Painting. — In 1827, A. B. Engstrom taught the art of fanc^' i)ainting on paper, satin, or wood. SiX(iiNG-ScnooLS. — In 1825, Luke Hastings taught a school for instruction in vocal music. In 1836, Charles J. No3-es kept a similar school; and so did also L. W. Additon. in 1843. Since then schools of this character have been too numerous for specific mention to be made of them. Writing-Schools. — In 1824, I. Morgridge kept a school for instruction in penmanship, in Stone's Hall. He was succeeded the next winter by William Sawyer. In 1836 a Mr. Butler kept a school of this kind; in 1843, Mr. I. O. Richardson ; and in 1845 a Mr. Fisk kept one lu Dunlap Block. Further mention of such schools is un- necessaiy. The above b}- no means completes the list of miscellaneous schools, but the3' are all which have come to our knowledge that are worthy of especial mention. ^ Patnam. 482 nisiOBY OF bbunswice, topsham, and harpswell. CHAPTER XVI. EDUCATIONAL HISTOKY OF TOPSHAM. The earliest iiiforniation to be obtained in regard to educational matters in Topsham is that contained in tlie town records. It appears from tlicse that on March 18, 17GG, the town voted to raise £60 for a " minister and school-master" for that year, and 'I homas Wilson was chosen a committee to agree with him or them. At the annual meet- ing in 17(58, John Reed and John Fulton were chosen a committee to obtain a minister and school-master for that j'ear. At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, held Jnlj- 23 of this 3"ear, it was voted : — " '1 hat Lott Number sixtyfive adjo3-ning to the aforesaid Lott granted to y* first settled Minister lying on the Rear of the Lotts con- veved to Benjamin Thomas and bounding Northwest on Land belong- ing to Heirs of William Wilson as described and laid down in the Plan, be and hereby is granted to the Town of Topsham, for a Lott for the Benefitt and advantage of a Publick School, to continue for said use forever — said Lott contains one hundred Acres. "i On Jul}' 14, 1770, the town voted that the school-master should be hired for one year from the date of his first commencing school. At the annual meeting in 1773, the selectmen were instructed to divide the town into several school districts and to proportion the taxes according to the number of children in each district. The amount raised this year for schools was £26 13s. 4d. > From 1786 to 17.92 the employment of a teacher was left with the selectmen. At the annual meeting of the town in 1795, the selectmen were instructed to take measures to secure the lot of land called the '^ Scliool lot," " which was said to belong to the town." The article in the warrant to provide for the emplo^nnent of a school-master was this jear passed over. At a town meeting held May 6, 1799, the selectmen were instructed ^ Pejepscot Records. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 483 to divide the town into such school districts as the}^ should deem advisable. Three hundred dollars was appropriated for the support of schools this jxar. The selectmen neglecting for some reason to divide the town into school districts, Reverend Jonathan Ellis, Alexander Thompson, Senior, James Wilson, Arthur Hunter, William AYilson, and Samuel "VVinchell were chosen a committee for this purpose in 1800. The town also voted to have six school districts and to build a school-house in each district within thirteen months, and $1,200 was appropriated for that purpose, upon the condition that each district should give the land needed for its school-house. In 1801 the preceding action of the town was so far modified as to make seven instead of six districts. It was also voted this 5'ear that the school committee should consist of one person in each district. In 1802, Benjamin Hase}', John Merrill, and Benjamin J. Porter were chosen a committee to petition the legislature for permission to sell the school lot and to place the proceeds of the sale as an accumu- lating fund until it should net an income of three hundred dollars per annum, or in any other way which the General Court might think proper. In 1803 three of the school districts, Numbers 4, 5, and 6, were consolidated into one. On March 6, 1804, the General Court authorized the sale of the school lot and the investment of the mone.y accruing there fi'om.i Nothing of importance in relation to educational matters appears in the town records subsequently to this time, until the 3'ear 1825. In their report for that year, the school committee express doubts '' whether knitting and sewing ought to be permitted in town schools," and express the hope " that parents in future will be convinced of the impropriet}' of imposing this service on the instructress." In 1828 the town voted that the selectmen should make a sale of the school lot, in accordance with a former vote passed for that purpose. In 1830 the trustees of the school fund reported that the school lot was sold on the twelfth daj' of December, 1829, to Captain Samuel Perkins, for three hundred and fifty dollars. In 1833 the school fund arising from the sale of the school lot amounted to four hundred and twenty dollars and thirty-four cents. In 1837 the town voted that the surplus revenue money, that was or was to be deposited with the town by the State, should be kept as a * Massachusetts Acts, 1804. 484 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. fund, and that the town treasurer should be permitted to loan the money on interest, under the direction of the selectmen, who should see that good security was taken, and that the interest should be divided amongst the school districts. The next year, however, though a strong protest was made against it, this vote was recon- sidered and the money was divided among the inhabitants. Between 1851 and 1870 the superintending school committee kept a record of their doings. From this record it appears that the follow- ing persons were chosen for school committee in 1851: Reverend Jonathan Clement, James Gilpatrick, and A. D. Wheeler. At their first meeting they drew lots, as provided by law, to determine the time for which they were respectivel}" to serve on the committee. Reverend Mr. Wheeler was selected to serve one .year, Mr. Clement for two, and Mr. Gilpatrick for three ^-ears. There were at this time nine school districts in town, which were designated as follows : — Numljer 1 was called the Jameson district. " 3 " " " Oak Hill district. " 4 " " " Middlesex district. ^' 5 '^ " " Mallett district. ' " G " " " CWiance district. " 8 " '• " Jack district. " " " " Bay Road district. '' 11 " " " Alexander district. " 12 " " " Little River district. Numbers 2, 7, and 10 were united into one district, wliich was called the Village District. Districts Number 1, 8, and 12 were up the river, Numbers 4, G, and 9 were down the river, and Numbers 3, 5, and 11 were l)ack from the river. The total amount of school money received this year, from all sources, was nine hundred and ninety dollars and thirty-two cents. The whole number of children in town, between the ages of four and tvvent^'-one years, was six hundred and sixt}'. In 1852 the total amount of school monc}' was six dollars and thir- teen cents inore than the previous year. The school fund this year was six hundred and sixty-four dollars and fifty cents. Nothing has been found to show the exact time when the grading system was applied to the village schools, but on November 18, 1854, the following entry occurs in the records of the committee : " Messrs. Adams and Cotton met in the selectmen's office and examined Mr. Gaslin for the Village High School. He was found well qualified." It would seem from this, since no pi'evious reference to it has been found, that the High School must have been established this year. EDUCAIIONAL HISTORY OF TOP SHAM. 485 On July 22, 1848, the school committee agreed upon the follo-ning as the requirements for admission to the High School, namel}', that pupils should have gone in arithmetic as far as simple interest, in geogi-aph}- though Colton's book, and in grammar through et^-mol- ogj. For admission to the grammar schools, pupils Were required to know the multiplication table and the simple rules of arithmetic and to ha\'e finished the primary geography. In 1859 the town voted that " the trustees of the ministerial fund, derived from the sale of the ministerial land granted the town for the support of Ihe ministry, transfer said fund, together with accrued interest, to the municipal officers, clerk, and treasurer of the town, as a fund for the support of the public schools, agreeably to the twelfth chapter of the Revised Statutes of Maine." This fund was not available, however, having been loaned to individuals, one of whom was dead, and the notes of all of whom had become outlawed. In 1861 the town elected Mr. Warren Johnson as supervisor of schools. The following resolation was found in the town records on a slip of paper inserted between the leaves, and was apparently over- looked by the clerk in copying his minutes, as it does not appear on the records : — "Whereas, in the judgment of the town, it is desirable that the management of schools be placed in the hands of one supervisor, and whereas the ill health of the Rev. Dr. Wheeler (the onh' member of the former board of school committee) would prevent him from discharg- ing the laborious duties of a supervisor, and the election of another necessitates his retirement after a service of nearl}' thirty j-ears. '* Resolved, That we sensibly recognize his long and effectual ser- vices as an able and earnest educator, to whom much is due for the former success of our school system." In 1862 the trastees of the school fund reported at the annual meet- ing that this fund was invested in good notes to the amount of six hundred and sixty-four dollars and forty-eight cents, and that the interest, amounting to thirty-three dollars and eighty-seven cents, had been paid, and had ]»een divided among the several school districts. In 1863 the town returned to the practice of selecting a school com- mittee instead of a supervisor. In December of this year the com- mittee made the following changes in school-books : The}' voted to use the Progressive Series of Readers, in place of Town's Readers ; Weld and Quackenbos, in the place of Bailee's grammar ; and Green- eaf's new arithmetics, in place of his old ones. In 1869 the Wilson Series of Readers was adopted for five years. 48l) HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. SCHOOL-TEACHERS. The names of the school-teachers prior to 1800 are unknown. The earliest teacher in town of whom any record is found was Reverend Jonathan Ellis. Mr. Ellis taught school during a large portion of his residence in Topsham, between 1789 and 1811. At first he taught in a school-house at the eastern end of the town, near the old first meet- ing-house ; afterwards in the school-house, which stood on the lot now owned h\ Captain William S. Skolfield, on the corner of Pleasant and Elm Streets. It was a small building directly opposite where the Orthodox Church now stands. Afterwards he kept a school for three or four j-ears in the Court House. He was teaching there at the time of the great eclipse of the sun in 1806. Mr. James Wilson distinctly remembers that the school closed at the time, and that the scholars came to his ftither's house to smoke pieces of glass in order to watch the eclipse. In his diar}' Mr. Ellis men- tions the fact that he completed his school in District Number 4 on August 2o, and in District Number 6 on October 7, 1800. On the first date there was a public exhibition by the school. Mr. Ellis was an excellent teacher. In 1802, Mr. John Hern taught in a small school-house, which stood near the Benjamin Wilson house. About 1825, Mr. Josiah Perliam came to Toi)shani and taught the village school. He occupied the next room to the post-offlce, which then stood opposite the bank, where he cooked his own food, and lived by himself. He is said to have been a good teacher and a worthy, persevering 3'oung man. In later years he made himself famous by inaugurating a series of cheap excursions, known as "■ Perham's Excursions," and still later was proprietor of " Perham's Seven-Mile Mirror," a panorama which was exhibited in many of the principal cities and towns throughout the country. He is said to have been the first man to sign a petition for a charter for the Pacific Railroad. Of other teachers prior to this date, sufficient is not known to enable us to make mention of them, and the subsequent teachers of the public schools of the town have been too numerous. ACADEMICAL INSTITUTIONS. The Topsham Acadeni}- was started in the ^ear 1847 or 1848 b}- a few prominent citizens of the town. The}' purchased the old Court House and converted it into an excellent school- house, with recitation- EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 487 rooms, libraiy, etc. The teachers the first ^'ear were Messrs. Dexter A. Hawkins, chiss of 1848, and Charles H. Wheeler, class of 1847, Bowdoin College. They were succeeded by Messrs. Albert H. Ware and George O. Robinson, both of the class of 1849, of the same col- lege. The latter whs succeeded by Mr. Francis Adams, of the class of 1850. Mr. John Clement taught the school after Adams left. The school was given up about 18oS, the last teacher being Mr. Joshua Laighton, of the class of 1857, Bowdoin. The tuition at this academ3'was. for instruction in the lower depart- ment, four dollars ; in the higher department, five dollars. There was a quite good library connected with this institution, and a lit- erar3' society the name of which is not now rememl)ered. In 1856, Mr. Warren Johnson, of the class of 1854, Bowdoin Col- lege, purchased the residence of Major William Frost, deceased ; enlarged it somewhat, and on May 20, 1857, opened it for a boarding-* school, under the name of the Fkanklin Family School. While under his n)anagement, as well as since, the school proved to be a ver}' excellent one. It was afterwards kept l>y his brothei', Samuel J. Johnson, then hy H. A. Randall, then by R. O. Lindsey, and the latter was succeeded by a Mr. Billings. It is now under the manage- ment of Mr. D. L. Smith, an experienced and successful teacher. ^ In 1865 an earnest but unsuccessful effort was made to secure the location of the State Agiicultural College in Topsham. Mr. Daniel i". Coffin, of New York, formerly a resident of this town, sent a donation of two himdred and fifty dollars to aid in securing its location there. An account of the efforts made b}' the citizens is given in another chapter. PRIVATE SCHOOLS. Some time in the last century Mr. Samuel Thompson offered to keep a private school, if he coukl obtain twenty-five scholars, at a price ranging from sixteen to twent^'-five cents a week. Whether or not he succeeded in getting up this school is not known, but it is certain that he taught a village school for a long time. He was subject to fits of derangement, and at times the town authorities had to confine him in a " cage." This was a one-story and one-room structure at the Topsham end of the toll-bridge, somewhere on the site of the present paper- mill. He was attended to here by Denem Winslow, the toll-gatherer. '^Mr. Warren Johnson had hegnn to prepare for these pages an account of the school, but his sicl'ness and death prevented its completion, and we are consequenthj unable to give a fuller sketch. 488 HISTORY OF BBUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. Moses M. Marsh, a well-known school-master of Brnnswick, once taught a scliool in Topsham. It may have been a pnhlic and not a private school. Enoch H. Hines also taught here prior to his death in 1828. He tanght district schools, but maj' possibly haA-e taught a private school also. On May 8, 182G, the Topsham Female School was opened in Greene's Hall. It was taught by a lad}'. On March 9, 1829, a Miss Eastman commenced a school for young ladies. The studies taught were reading, writing, grammar, geog- rapli}', ancient and modern history', arithmetic, philosophy, geometry', French, and painting, according to the method of Engstrom. Tuition was three to six dollars a term. How long a time this school was kept up is not known. Mrs. Fields's School. — Mrs. Elizabeth Fields was the widow of • Eobert Fields, Esquire, barrister in England, a lawyer of no mean abil- ity, who was induced to come to America, and resided for many ^ears in Boston, in the practice of his profession. He died in 1812. In 1830, Mrs. Fields, while on a visit to General King's family of Bath, in an afternoon's drive, chanced to pass the Doctor Porter house, ^ in Tops- ham, which General King pointed out to her as " his property, once the residence of his sister, and now likely to remain unoccupied for years." At once the idea suggested itself to Mrs. Fields of taking possession of it as a boarding-school for 3'oung ladies, and after mak- ing the necessary arrangements witli General King regarding repairs and rent, she immediatel}' proceeded to place it in order for occupancy, and in 1831 opened her school with twelve boarding and as many day scholars. General King sent his only daughter, and used his influence, which was b}' no means small, in inducing many of his friends in Augusta and elsewhere to send their daughters. Miss Car- oline Weld was the first assistant teacher. Subsequently Mrs. Ilelds secured the assistance of Miss Mary Thacher, daughter of Peter Thacher, Esquire, of Lubec, a 3'oung lady of unusually fine mind and intellectual acquirements, and a Mr. Purinton, who was previously in one of the principal Bath schools. Later, in 1838, when Miss Thacher left the school to be married, her place was filled b}' Miss Hester A. C Ilinkley, from Hallowell, equall}' competent, and who, in her turn, having left in 1842 to be married, was succeeded by an accomplished sister. Miss Tr3'phena Ilinkley, who continued in that capacity until Mrs. Fields gave up the school in 1844, when Miss Hinkley took it, * Noio the residence of Mrs. Susan T. Purinton. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 489 490 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPS WELL. and contiuued it on her own acconnt for some time.^ After Mr. Pn- rinton left, his place was always filled by competent male teachers, among- whom were Doctors WiUiams, Tarlin, and Hall, then students at the ]\Iedical School, and after them a Mr. Curtis, of Topsham. The average number of boarders was sixteen, and of day scholars about twelve. Mrs. Beers, the widowed daughter of Mrs. Fields, was music teacher all the time. This school was considered to l)e of a superior character, and Mrs. Fields was held in the highest esteem by the entire community. - To this account we are enabled to add the following interesting reminiscence of a former pupil : — " For four 3ears I was a pupil of hers, with occasional vacations. As it was the first school I ever attended, I could not at the time com- pare it with others, but the more I know of other boarding-schools, the more clearl}' I see that she was unique, and in many respects supe- rior. There were no written regulations. In fine weather we were encouraged to study out of doors. The grounds were ample, well provided with arbors, shade-trees, swings, and ' teeter-boards.' There was an old corn-house in view^ from the school-room windows, which sometimes was a summer resort for a difficult French lesson. Five or six of the Telemaque class, each with her book and one dic- tionar}', would often have a fine social time while getting out the translation. " Plenty of exercise, in the open air when the weather would allow, and in-doors in storm}- weather, was enforced upon us. Whenever the evenings were cool enough to require a fire, a good dance, of at least an hour, was requii-ed before going to bed. 1 he school-room was large, with an immense fireplace opposite the windows, and in one corner, farthest from the fireplace, stood a large box-stove. When the weather was very cold, both stove and fireplace were used. " Mrs. Fields's seat was at the left hand of this fireplace by a large desk, and she used to plaj- the guitar herself, and call olf for tlie school-room dancing. " The food was plain, wholesome, and abundant. She always pre- sided at the table and fared exactly like her scholars. '• In the mornings we all met in the school-room, at half past six in summer and about eight in the shortest days of winter. Prayers were read, then came breakfast, and at eight in summer and nine in winter school began. ^See " iV/.s.s Hinklep's School " 2 The material for the foregoing is famished by Mrs Marrj Beers McLdlau, (jruiul- dauyhter of Mrs. Fields. EDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF TOFSHAM. 491 " English studies came first, arithmetic, grammar, and spelling. No one was excused from spelling. Mrs. Fields would say, ' My dear, if 3'ou can. spell, it takes but little of ^our time ; if 3'oa cnmot, 3'ou ought to learn ' One of her commonest ciiticisms upon a com- position would be, ' Very well, my dear ! Now take it and rewrite it, and see in how much less space you can get every idea ' She used to say that diffuseness and obscurity were the great faults of modern literature. Writing from dictation was with her a fiivorite method of drill in spelling and punctuation. " Some young lady was alwa^-s assistant teacher for the beginners ; but when the assistant least expected it, Mrs. Fields herself woitld stap in and hear the recitations, sending the assistant to hear her own particular classes meanwhile. "At about eleven a. m., Mrs. Beers, her daughter, who was a music teacher, came in and attended to penmanship, setting the copies herself. At noon we had an intermission of two hours in summer and one in winter, with dinner about one o'clock. We had the range of the extensive grounds, provided onlj' that we did not go out of bounds without permission and were prompt in minding the bell. " After dinner was playtime until two o'clock. Then came sewing of various kinds, embroidery and fancy, in all its branches ; also lace mending and fine darning, plain and fanc}' knitting. When we were all fixed at our work, some one was called on to read aloud, not more than fifteen or twenty minutes at a time. At five, school was out. After supper we usually had an hour for study, and then the tables were cleared for a dance or some other frolic until bedtime. " The standard of honor was very high with Mrs. Fields, and 3'et I can recall no instance of punishment for dishonorable conduct, except her withering sarcasm and a feeling that the offender was not trusted. There was no standard of rank and no public examination, though visitors were always welcome. There was one custom conducive to social training. The house was open for a weekly reception most of the time. Thursdays Mrs. Fields and her pupils were always ' at home' to all personal friends of herself and pupils. The latter were taught to behave as the daughters of the house in entertaining guests. I do not remember whicli was treated as the greatest fault, — a prudish avoidance of a gentleman guest, or an appearance of coquetry and flirtation. Music, dancing, and conversation were the amusements of these reunions." For several years subsequent to 1840, private schools were kept in town by Miss Mary B. H. Wheeler, who had an excellent reputa- 492 HISTORY OF BRUXSWICK, TOPSHA^r AXD HARPSWELL. lion nil an instructress of younir children. There are nianv middle-aged p-n"sons in town who received their earUest tuition from her. and many who remember her pleasant ways with children. About the year 1840. Miss Thkoposia Wilsox commenced a private school. She taught schools, both public and private, in Topsham, for about thirty-four years. She was well known in the couunnnity as a successful and experienced teacher as well as an accomplished and estimable lady. ■In the fall of 1842. ^Messrs. J. L. Nnttinuand d. F. AVoodside both advertised that tliey would teach a prixate hiirh school in Topsham. It is presumed that one. if not both, did keep such a school that year. SPECIAL SCHOOLS. Schools for special instruction, especially in writing; and in singing, have been of quite frequent occurrence in Topsham. Sullicient mate- rial has not. however, been obtained to enable one to give any extended account of them. The earliest writing-school of which any account has been found was taught in the summer of 1824, at the school-house, near the Court House, by ^Vlr. J. ^Morgridge. The earliest singing-schools known were those taught by Andrew Deunisou, pre- vious to 1820, aud in 1844 by L. "\V. Additou. EDVCA'IIOXAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 403 CHAPTER XVII. KDUCATIONAL HISTORY OF HARPSWFXL. TiiK earliest reference that has been found to any provision for a school in llarpswell is the ai)propriation of £20 for that purpose by the town on May 9, 17.79. Where a school was kept this year and l»y whom is nowhere stated. In May, 17G0, the town voted that eacli part of the Xeck, and also the Island, should draw their proportionate part of the school money that was collected and should hire mistresses.^ At the annual meeting in 1761, the town appropriated £20 for the support of a school and instructed the selectmen to provide one. In 1702 the town voted to raise £20, as usual, for a school. At the May meeting in 1763, the town voted not to build a school- house near the meeting-house. The town also voted to pa}' James Uooker £1 and 13.s. for going to Falmouth, " the Place being Pre- sented for want of a school.'"' By reference to the records of the Court of General Sessions for Cumberland County, October term, 1762, it appears that though the town had been presented, it was excused from a fine by reason of the selectmen testifying that they had emi)loyed a man as teacher who had been taken sick and had conse- quently been unable to attend to his duty. In 17G.) the town voted to pay William Sylvester, Esquire, £1 and U.S. " for the charges that he had paid on account of there being no school the last summer." At the annual meeting in March, 1771, the town voted to build three school-houses. It is not known exactly where these buildings were located, but in all probability one of them was on Great Sebas- codigan Island and the other two on the Neck. In JMay, 17)S0, the town voted to raise £300 for the support of schools. The diflCerence between this sum and £20 seems extreme. It is undoubtedly due to the depreciation of the currency. '■ No reference occurs in the records of Brunswick or Tooshnm to the employment of uni/ mistresses in the last century. 494 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. In June, 17ov;ers of the corporation. It cannot intermeddle with lis property ; it cannot extinguish its corporate existence ; it can- not resume all its property, and annihilate all its powers and fran- ^ For the full text of this decision see Allen v. McKeen, 1 Sumner's Report, 276. 512 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. chises. The legislature ni«st leaA-e its vitality and property, and enable it still to act as a college. It cannot remove the trustees or overseers, though it may abridge, as well as enlarge, their powers. ''2. Bowdoin College has never surrendered any of its rights. Whatever may have been the intentions of those concerned, at the outset, in regard to a surrender of the college to the State, there has been a miscarriage of the parties ; it never has been dejure under the control of the legislature of Maine. "3. But admittuig that the college, as was contemplated, did come under the control of the legislature of Maine, when it is stated in the Act moditying the college charter, that the president and trus- tees and overseers of Bowdoin College shall enjoy their powers and privileges, subject to be altered, limited, restrained, or extended by the legislature, no authority- is conferred upon the legislature to add new members to the Boards by its own nomination or by that of the governor and Council of the State. That would be an extension, not of the powers and privileges of the Boards, but of the legislative action over them. If the legislature could add one new member of its own choice or appointment, it could add any number Avhatsoever. It could annihilate the powers and privileges of the charter Boards under the pretence of alteration or extension. The legislature might authorize an enlargement of the Boards, but the places thus created must be filled b}- the Boards themselves. "4. The Act of the legislature, removing the presidents of Bow- doin and Waterville Colleges out of ollice at a certain time, is a direct exercise of a power which was expressly and exclusively conferred on the College Boards b}' the original charter, and which has never been taken from them. " 5. President Allen was in office under a lawful contract made with the Boards, b}' which contract he was to hold that ottice during good behavior. The Act of the legislature directly impairs the obligations of that contract. It takes away from him his tenure of otlice, arfd removes him froin it. Holding his office during good behavior, he could not be removed from it except for gross misbehavior ; and then only b}' the Boards, in the manner pointed out in the original charter. Immediately upon the decision of the court being an- nounced. President Allen resumed the discharge of the duties of his office." In 1835, Daniel I?. Goodwin, then a tutor in college, succeeded Longfellow as Professor of Modern Languages. He served in this capacity until 1853, when he resigned, for the purpose of accepting the presidency of Trinity College, Connecticut. BOWDOm COLLEGE AND THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF MAINE. 513 President Allen resigning in 1839, Reverend Leonard Woods, of Bangor Theological Seminary, son of Reverend Leonard Woods, a well-known divine, was elected as his successor. President AVoods was at that time well known for his scholarly culture and attainments, and his reputation has steadily inareased. In 1839 he received the hon- orary degree of D. D. from Waterville College, and in 1846 from Har- vard College. In 18GG he received that of LL. D. from Bowdoin. He was not onl}^ an^ eminent scholar and a fine teacher, but he attracted students b}- his courteous demeanor and hj his lenient dis- position. He resigned in 18G6, after a period of service extending over twenty-seven 3-ears, — a much longer service than that of an}' previous president. In 1812 a professorsliii) of Political Economy was founded, and Alpheus S. Packard was chosen as the first professor in that branch. He was succeeded in 1845 by Henrj' H. Boody, then a tutor. On July 1 6 of this latter year, the corner-stone of King Chapel was laid with Masonic ceremonies. There were present the Grand Lodge of Maine, the Boston Encampment of Knight Templars, the I*ortland Encampment of Knight Templars, the Mount Vernon Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Portland, the Montgomery Chapter of Bath, Ancient Landmark Lodge of Portland, Solar Lodge of Bath, Freeport Lodge of Freeport, and United Lodge of Brunswick. At the northwest angle of the ground there was a raised platform, upon which were the oflicers of the college, the Grand Lodge, and the Knight Templars. President Woods read the psalm '■'■ Lcjetatus sum" and made an address. Prayer was oifered by Reverend AVilliam T. Dwight, and John T. Paine, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maine, assisted by Honorable Robert P. Dunlap, ex-Grand Master, then laid the stone in due form. A silver plate provided by the college, and one provided by the Grand Lodge, were then deposited in the proper receptacle in the stone. In 1855 the new chapel was completed. The entire cost was $45,000. On June 7 it was dedicated. The services of the occasion consisted of a selection from the Scriptures and a prayer by Reverend George E. Adams, a hymn, an address b}- President Woods, a second hymn, a sermon b}^ Professor Hitchcock, and a concluding prayer by Reverend Doctor Dwight. The services were attended by the under- graduates, many graduates, the college boards and faculty, and many friends of the college, who assembled in the library, from whence they moved to the chapel in a procession conducted b}- Honorable Charles J. Oilman as marshal. 33 514 HISTORY OF BEUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIAFPSWELL. Tu 1848 a professorship of Rhetoric and Elocution was founded, that of Political Econonu' being merged in it, and Professor Henry H. Bood}' was appointed to this office. He was succeeded in 185G b}' Egljert C. Smyth, son of Professor William Smyth, a graduate of the college in 1848, and a tutor in 1849. A professorship of Natural and Revealed Religion was founded in 1850 by subscriptions among the Orthodox Congregationalists, and Calvin E. Stowe, D. D., of the class of 1829, an eminent scholar and theolo- gian, was chosen to that office. He was succeeded in 1^52 b}' Roswell D. Hitchcock, a graduate of Amherst in 183(3, now of New York City. In 1856, Professor E. C. Smyth was transferred to this chair, and Joshua L. Chamberlain, of the class of 1852, was appointed to the Chair of Rhetoric and Oratory. In 1858, AVilliam Russell, a distin- guished elocutionist, assisted in his branch. Professor Goodwin resigned in 1855, and Charles Carroll Everett, now a professor in Harvard College, occupied the Chair of Modern Languages for two years, from 1855 to 1857. He was succeeded by Professor Chamberlain for two years, when William A. Packard, class of 1851, now professor at Princeton, gave the instruction for one year. In 18G1, Professor Chamberlain was again placed in the Chair of Mod- ern Languages, that of Rhetoric and Oratory Iteiug filled in 1862 b}' Reverend Eliphalet Whittlesey, a graduate of Yale. In August of this 3'ear, 1862, Professor Chamberlain resigned his office to go into the army for the period of the war then raging. The boards, however, granted him leave of absence instead of accepting his resignation, and Stephen J. Young, class of 1859, was made Pro- visional Instructor in Modern Languages, to which, on Professor Cham- berlain's resigning in 1865, he was elected as professor. Professor AV'hittlesey also went into the armj-, and the duties of his chair were performed by members of the faculty. At the close of the war Professor Whittlese}' resigned, and General Cliamberlain was re-elected to the Chair of Rhetoric and Orator}-, which, however, he again resigned in 1866, to accept the office of governor of Maine. Pie was followed by John S. Sewall, class of 1850, who held the chair until 1875, when Professor Henry L. Chapman, Bowdoin, class of 1866, was transferred to this from the Chair of Latin. In 1859, Paul A. Chadbourne, a graduate of Williams, was chosen Professor of Chemistry and Natural History. He was succeeded in 1863by CjTusF. Brackett, a graduate in 1859, tutor in 1863. In 1864, Professor Brackett was appointed Adjunct Professor of Natuial Sci- ence, and in 1865 to a full professorship in the Josiah Little Chair of BOWDOIN COLLEGE AND THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF MAIXE. 515 Natural Science, to which, however, in 1868, George L. Goodale, a graduate of Amherst in 1860, was elected. In 18G2, William P. Tucker, class of 1854, tutor since 1857, was instructor in mathematics for one year. He had, in the mean time, as librarian, prepared an elaborate and valuable catalogue of the college library-. In 1865, Edward N. Packard, tutor since 1863, was instruc- tor, and in 1866 Adjunct Professor of Mathematics. The death of Professor Sm3-th in 1868, while intensely' engaged upon the building of Memorial Hall, left the Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosoph}' vacant, and Charles E. Rockwood, a graduate of Yale, was chosen to the pla.ce. In 1864, Professor E. C. Smyth resigned the Chair of Natural and Kevealed Religion, and was succeeded by Professor Alpheus S. Pack- ard, who was transferred from the Chair of Ancient Languages, to which, in 1865, Reverend Jotham B. Sewall, class of 1848, tutor in 1851, was chosen. In 1871, Henrj' L. Chapman was chosen Adjunct Professor of Latin, and in 1872 a full professor. In 1865 the alumni of the college voted to erect a building to be called Memorial Hall, in honor of the graduates and students of the college who had died in the civil war. A subscription was at once started to carry the plan into execution, and a committee was raised for the purpose. A sufficient amount of funds was raised to warrant the prosecution of the work, and the corner-stone was accordingly laid in 1866. The outside of the building has since been completed, but enough funds have not yet been secured to enable it to be finished inside. When more prosperous times return, there is scarcely a doubt but that the original intention will be carried out. President Woods resigning in 1866, Reverend Samuel Harris, S. T. D., a graduate of 1833, was elected to his place in 1867. He took upon himself, also, the duties of the Professor of Moral Philosophy and Metaph^'sics, Professor Upham being that 3-ear honored with the Emeritus title. In 1871 the eminent scholar, civilian, and general, Ex-Governor Chamberlain, was chosen to succeed President Harris, and at this time quite a reorganization of the college occurred. A scientific depart- ment was established and several new chairs of instruction were founded. George L. Vose, C. E., was elected Professor of Civil P^n- gineering ; Edward S. Morse, Ph. D., of Salem, Professor of Compar- ative Anatomy and Zoology ; Mr. James B. Tajdor, Provisional Pro- fessor of Elocution and Oratory ; the Chair of Latin was separated from that of Greek ; and United States officers were brought here by 516 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AXV HARP SWELL. orders of the government, — Brevet ]\Iajor J. P, Sanger, Fourth United States Artillery, as Professor of Militarj' Science, and John N, McClintock, class of 1867, of the United States Coast Survey, as instructor in Topographical ^Engineering. In 1872, Professor Brackett was made Professor of Chemistry and Physics, and Robert L. Packard, class of 18G8, Assistant Professor of Applied Chemistr}', for one j'ear. In 1873, however, Professoi'S Brackett and Goodale resigned, and Heniy Carmichael, a graduate of Amherst and of Gottingen, German}', was elected Professor of Chem- istry and Physics, and Doctor Charles A. White, of Iowa, Josiah Lit- tle Professor of Natural Science. In the winter of the same year, Professor Rockwood resigned, and Charles H. Smith, a graduate of Yale, was Professor of Mathematics. Doctor White resigned in 1875, and the instruction has since been given by different persons. Professor A. S. Packard, Jr., class of 1861, giving an annual course of lectures on entomology ; Mr. George L. Chandler, class of 1868, giving instruction in natural history in 1875-6; and Mr. Leslie A. Lee, a graduate of St. Lawrence University (Canton, N. Y.), class of 1872, in 1876-7. In connection with the new plan, arrangements were also made for other instruction in various branches, should such be needed. Pro- fessor Paul A. Chadbourne was engaged to give the instruction in mental philosoph}'. Exercise in the gymnasium was made regular and obligator}', and militar}' science and tactics were required to a certain extent, of all not specially excused. Professor Chadbourne was succeeded in 1873 ly Reverend E. C. Cummings, and by Presi- dent Mark Hopkins in 1874. This year, however, the Edward Little Chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy was founded, and President Chamberlain was chosen as professor. In 1875, Major Sanger's detail expired, and Brevet Captain Louis V. Caziaro, First United States Artillery, was appointed in his place as Professor of Militar}^ Science and Tactics. Mr. Charles H. Moore has been instructor in Latin since Professor Chapman's resignation, except one 3'ear, when Professor A. H. Davis held the chair pro- visionally. Professor Young, having accepted the office of treasurer, relin- quished the duties of his chair, and they were performed for one year by Instructor Moore, and since then by Charles E. Springer, class of 1874. In 1873 the old Commons Hall was remodelled into a laboratory of ivnalytical chemistry, and Mr. F. C. Robinson was chosen instructor BOWDOIN COLLEGE AND THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF MAINE. 517 in that department of chemistr}'. The same year the lower floor of Memorial Hall was fitted up as a gymnasinm. Honorable Peleg W. Chandler, of Boston, also, this .year, remodelled old Massachusetts Hal} into a beautiful room, called the Cleaveland Cabinet, in memory of (the late Professor Parker Cleaveland. A picture gallerj' has also been finished in the chapel, over the librar}-. Two fine pictures have been added to the panels of the chapel, one given b}" IMrs. AVilliara S. Periy, in memor}' of her husband, the suT)ject being "The Transfiguration"; the other, "Moses giving the Law," which is the beautiful memento left bv the class of 1877. The last makes the seventh of the pictures which have been, from time to time, added to the chapel panels. Since 1872 over $25,000 have been given the college as scholarships to aid deserving students, and $100,000 towards a general endow- ment of the college. Measures have been taken to endow a " Longfellow Professorship of Modern Languages," and a " Cleaveland Professorship of Chemis- try and Mineralogy." Etforts ai'e also being made to add the " Uphara Professorship of Mental Philosophy." Manj' valuable gifts have been made the college in the way of books and natural-histor}- collections. Especialh' notable are the collection of Mrs. Frederick Allen, of Gardiner, comprising more tlian one thousand specimens, including man}- from Mount ^Etna. presented by her daughtei", Mrs. Pulton, of Boston ; the Cushmau collection of birds of Maine ; and the Blake herbarium. The whole number of graduates from the college up to 1876 is one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven. The number of students at present is about one hundred and thirty-seven, and of officers of instruction, fifteen. The number of volumes in the college library is 17,500; in the medical librar3-, 4,000 ; in the libraries of the Athensean and Peucin- ian Societies, 13,100 ; and in the Historical Societ3-'s library, which is placed in a room of the college chapel, 3,000 : making a total of books accessible to the student of 37, GOO volumes. Large additions have also been made to the chemical and physical apparatus. The public buildings of the college are at present : — Massachusetts Hall, containing the Cleaveland Cabinet, lecture- room, and treasurer's office. WiNTHKOP Hall, containing, on the lower floor, the engineering- rooms and recitation-rooms, the upper floors being used as dormitories. Maine Hall, having on the lower floors the Athena;an and Pen- 518 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARP SWELL. ciniaii vSocieties' libraries and recitation-rooms ; and on the upper floor, dormitories. Appi>eton Hall, containing dormitories. King Chapel, containing the picture galler}-, library-rooms, and Historical Society's rooms. ) Adams Hall, containing the lecture-rooms of chemistry and phys- ics, and the rooms of the Medical School. Analytical Laboratory and Memorial Hall, containing gymna- sium. These buildings, with the exception of Adams Hall and the Analytical Laboratory, will, when the original plan is completed, form a quadrangle, the side towards the public road being open. The present total estimated value of the college property, real estate and permanent material, is $375,000 ; the productive funds are $244,000 ; the total annual income is $30,000. Besides the three literary societies of the college, already men- tioned, it is proper to add that there have been, from time to time, several secret associations formed, which are presumably for literar}' purposes. The principal ones, if not all, are designated as the Alpha Delta Phi, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Chi* Psi, Psi Upsilon, and Theta Delta Chi. The histor}- of these societies is, of course, known onl}' to the initiated. THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF MAINE. In 1820 an Act was passed by the legislature, establishing a Medical School, to be connected with Bowdoin College, and also making an annual grant of $1,000, duiing the pleasure of the legisla- ture, for the promotion of the objects designed in its establishment. Doctor Nathan Smith, a member of several societies, both in this country and in Europe, founder of the Medical School of New Hampshire, and an eminent physician and surgeon, was appointed Professor of the Theory and l^ractice of Medicine. He also assumed the duties of instructor in anatomy and surger}'. He was assisted in the latter branches by Doctor John D. Wells, who had just taken his medical degree at Cambridge. At the close of the first course of lec- tures. Doctor Wells was chosen to fill the Chair of Anatomy, and immediately sailed for Europe, where he spent nearly two years, pre- paring himself for the discharge of the duties of his office. After a short but brilliant career as a lecturer at this college, at the Berkshire Medical Institution, and at Baltimore, he died, and was succeeded in 1831 by Doctor Reuben D. Mussey. In 1825 the Chair of Obstetrics was founded, and Doctor James BOWDOIN COLLEGE AND THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF MAINE. 519 McKeen was appoiuted professor. Doctor McKeen prepared him- self for the duties of his office by a preliminary study in the lying- in hospitals of Europe, and served acceptably until 1839, when he resigned, and was succeeded \)y Ebenezer AYells, M. D., as lecturer. In 1846 the Chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics was founded, and Doctor Charles A. Lee was chosen as lecturer, and in 1854 as professor. He resigned in 1859, and was succeeded b}' Doctor Israel T. Dana as lecturer and afterwards as professor in full. Doctor Thorndike resigned in 18G1, and was succeeded by Doctor William C. Robinson. In 1849 the Chair of Medical Jurisprudence was founded, and Hon- orable John S. Tenney was chosen as lecturer. In 1857 the Chair of Anatomy was separated from that of Surgery and joined to that of Ph^'siology, and Doctor David S. Conant was elected, at first as lecturer, and afterwards as professor. He was succeeded in 1863 by Doctor Corydon L. Ford. Edmund R. Peaslee, M. D., who had been chosen as Lecturer on Anatomy and Surgery in 1843, and as a professor in these branches in 1845, was in 1857 appointed Professor of Surger}'. From 1820 until his death in 1858, Professor Parker Cleaveland gave an annual course of lectures on chemistrj- to the medical students. Under the influence and by the exertions of these gentlemen and their successors, this Medical School has enjoyed a good degree of prosperity. At first, and for man}- ^ears, the lectures were given in the upper room of Massachusetts Hall, but in 1861 the Adams Hall was built expressly for the accommodation of this school. The present accommodations are ample, and the school has a valu- able cabin3t and an excellent library of choice works and expensive plates. Clinical instruction is given several times a week, and students can have the privilege of occasional visits to the hospitals of Portland at but slight expense. This school, during the fift3--seven years of its existence, has grad- uated one thousand one hundred and seventj'-four pupils, of whom seventy have been alumni of Bowdoin College. The last class num- bered ninety members, and the present number of instructors is ten. The following is a list of the professors and lecturers not already mentioned : — Of Chemistry, Professors Paul A. Chadbourne, Cyrus F. Brackett, and Henry Carmichael ; of Theory and Practice, Henry II. Childs, Daniel Oliver, Professor John De La Mater, Professor William 520 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. Sweetzer, AVilliam Peny, James McKeen, Israel T, Dana, Fro- fessor Aloiizo B. Palmer, and Alfred Mitchell, Adjunct Professor ; of Anatomy and Surgery, Jedediah Cobb, and Joseph Rob}' ; of Anatomy and Ph3'siology, Professors Thomas T. Sabine and Thomas Dwight ; of Anatom}', Professors Thomas Dwight and Stephen H. Weeks ; of Ph^-siology, Professors Robert Amory and Bmt G. Wilder ; of Surgery, Professors Timothy Childs, David S. Conant. and William W. Green ; Lecturers, Alphens B. Crosby and Thomas T. Sabine ; of Obstetrics, Benjamin F. Barker, Professor Amos Nourse, Theodore H. Jewett, Professors William C. Robinson, Edward W. Jenks, and Alfred Mitchell ; of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Professors Dana, AVilliam C. Uobinson, George L. Goodale, and Frederic H. Gerrish ; of Medical Jurisprudence, C^rns F. Brackett, John Apple- ton, and Professor Charles W. Goddard. This school has exerted a very marked influence on the interests of medical science, and also upon the general interests of education in the State, and has annually sent forth a corps of ph3sieians qualified not onl}' to cope vigorousl}' with the unseen, though certain foe of the human race, but who have also shown themselves, hitherto, alive to the material welfare and best interests of the State, and have thus far more than repaid the amount expended upon the school by the State. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 521 CHAPTER XIX. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. PUBLIC LANDS, In addition to the ministerial lot, lot for the first settled minister, and the school lot which were gi-auted to Brunswick and Topsham, there was another tract of land given to the town of Brunswick to be owned in common b}' the inhabitants, and sundr}' pieces of marsh land, which did not come into the lots as laid out b}' the proprietors in the several towns, were allowed to be used in common b}' the set- tlers upon whose lands they bordered. Brunswick Town Commons. — ■' The Town Commons of Brunswick originated in a vote of the proprietors. May 8, 1719, " That one Thousand Acres of Land with in the Township of Brunswick be Laid out ; To L^ in General & perpetual comonage to y* s*^ Town of Brunswick Forever. "^ Nothing further was done until Februarj' 3, 1742, when the pro- prietors passed a vote that " the one thousand Acres as laid down in the Plan of the Township of Brunswick which was granted by the Proprietors of Brunswick the eighth day of Ma}' 1719 be reserved for a General and perpetual Commonage to the Town of Brunswick for- ever." 2 No further action was taken until June 10, 1771, when, at a meet- ing of the proprietors, it was voted that their agent be authorized to execute a deed of the 1 ,000 acres given for a Town Commons to an^'^ committee appointed b}' the town to receive it.^ The next year the town at its annual meeting voted to choose a committee " to lay out that 1,000 acres of land that was granted to this town by the Proprietors for a town commonage." It will be noticed that this committee was not chosen to receive a deed of the land. In 1773 the town voted to accept the gift of the Commons and of ^Brunswick Records in Pejepscot Collection. ^Ibid. ^Pcjepscot Records. 522 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. the roads, granted the town b}' the proprietors, with the proviso that the town should not be obliged to clear an}' roads which were not needed. In 1774 the selectmen were instructed to la}' out the 1,000 acres of Commons and have it marked and a plan made in order that the town might get a deed of it. At a town meeting, held May 12, 1778, it was voted to have the Commons laid out, but the clause in the warrant relative to applying to the proprietors for a deed was laid on the table till the next meet- ing. At a meeting, held on the tenth of June, of this 3'ear, it was voted "to layout the Commons agreeable to the minutes that were read, viz: — Said Commons to be bounded on the head of Middle Ba}' lots and to extend northerly between and adjoyning upon the lots that fronts upon the twelve rod road and the lots that fronts upon Merioonege Marshes and upon the lots that fronts upon New Mead- ows River until 1000 acres be completed." Captain James Thomp- son protested against this vote. Captain "William Stanwood, Jr., Mr. Andrew Dunning, and Captain John Simmons were chosen a commit- tee to superintend the laying out of the Commons, and Stephen Getchell was chosen as the surve^-or. At a meeting, held December 25, it was voted to accept the survc}' of the Commons as laid out b}' the above-named committee. It was also voted "■ ncjt to accept of a deed of said Commons from Doctor No3es by Esquire Hinklej^'s survey " ; and Thomas Skolfield, Deacon Samuel Stanwood, and Andrew Dunning were chosen a committee to correspond with Doctor Belcher No\'es, proprietors' clerk, concerning the Commons. At the annual meeting in 1779 the selectmen were directed to pro- cure a deed of the Commons as soon as possible, and the committee that was chosen to la}' out the Commons were directed to complete their work as soon as possible. The selectmen were also instructed to take the most effectual way to secure for the benefit of the town the lumber growth on the Commons. In response to the notification of the selectmen. Belcher Noyes, the proprietors' agent, executed the following deed : — "To ALL Persons to whom these Presents shall come Belcher Noyes OF Boston in the county of Suffolk & Commonwealth of the Massachusetts Esq "Sends Greeting. " Whereas in the first Settlement of the Town of Bi*unswick there was allowed & granted by the Original Proprietors of said Township One thousand Acres of Land within the said Township to be laid out, PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, B JUDGES, ETC. 523 to laj' in general and perpetual Commonage : And whereas the said Proprietors at their meeting d\x\y warned according to law held b}' Adjournment at Boston June 10* 1771 Voted, That Belcher Noyes Esq be and hereb}' is impowered to execute a Deed of said one thousand acres as laid down in the plan of said Township to the Selectmen of said Town of Brunswick in trust for that purpose. "Now know 3-ee, That I the said Belcher Noyes, in pursuance of said vote impowering me hereunto, and to the intent that the Town of Brunswick may hold & enjoy the Benefitt of said Grant of one thou- sand acres of Land for the purpose above mentioned, for & in consid- eration of Twenty shillings hy me received of Nathaniel Larrabee, Andrew Duning, & WiUiam Standwood, the present Selectmen of the Town of Brunswick in the County of Cumberland & said Common- wealth Do by these presents Grant convey & confirm unto the said Nathaniel Larrabee, Andrew Duning, & William Standwood, the Selectmen of said Town of Brunswick in Tnist to and for the use & improvement of the Inhabitants of said Town forever One thousand acres of Land within the said Town of Brunswick as described & laid down in the Plan of said Township taken hj James Scales Surveyor, as follows viz' : " Extending from the rear Line of the Lotts at Maquoit «& Middle Bay, on a course northeast till you come to the County road, leading to New Meadows, including all the Land bounding Northwest on the rear of the Lotts on Maquoit road & Southeast on the rear of the Lotts at New Meadows up to said county road, to bound northeast on said county road according to the course thereof & southwest on the rear line of the Lotts at Maquoit &, Middle Ba^'. And in (;ase there should be more than one thousand acres of Land contained in said Bounds above described, the overplus be it more or less is hereby appropriated & granted for the support of the Gospel in the said Town of Brunswick forever : that is to sa}'. To the use & improve- ment of the Reverend Mr. John Miller the present Pastor of the Church in said Town of Brunswick & his successors in said office forever. " To Have and to Hold the said one thousand acres of Land & no more as above described, unto them the said Nathaniel Larrabee, Andrew Duning, & WilHam Standwood, the present Selectmen of the Town of Brunswick & their Successors in said office forever to and for the use and improvement of the Inhabitants of said Town of Brunswick forever and no otherwise. And the overplus Quantity contained in said Bounds more than said one thousand acres to be 524 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. and remain for the support of the gospel ministry in said town as above mentioned forever : And it is the true intent and meaning of these presents : That the said Inhabitants of said Town of Brunswick shall hold the said one thousand acres of Land above mentioned free and clear of and from any claim or Demand of the said Pi-oprietors of said Town of Brunswick their respective Heirs and assigns forever in as fall and ample a manner as the same is derived to them by any ways or means whatsoever. And in Testimon}' that this Deed shall be held good & valid b^^ them the said Proprietors of said Town of Brunswick at all times hereafter, I the said Belcher Noyes by virtue of the said vote impowering me hereunto do sett my hand & seal to this Instrument as their Act and Deed this fourth da}' of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred eighty one. " Belcher Noyes and a seal " Signed Sealed & Delivered iu presence of us, Jamks Chack Thomas Pennell " Suffolk ss Xov 20 1783 "Then the above named Belcher Noyes Esq. acknowledged this Instrument Executed by him to be his Act & Deed " Before me, " Joseph Greenleaf Justice Peace.'''' After receiving this deed, the town appears to have taken no further measures in regard to the land until 1808. At the animal meeting of that year, however, a committee was appointed " to apph' to tlie Grant- ors of the Town Commons, Ministry and School lots, and INIarsh," for permission to sell and dispose of tliem, the interest arising from the fund thus obtained to be appropriated for the use of the schools or in such other way as the town might think proper. A Committee was also chosen to ascertain the limits of the Commons, in order to ascer- tain if there was an}' surplus land for the First Parish. No repl}' of the proprietors to the request for permission to sell the lands referred to above has been found, but it is evident that no permission was given so far as the sale of the Town Commons was concerned. In 1811, Isaac Gates, Esquire, and Peter O. Alden, Esquire, were chosen agents of the town to petition the legislature for authoritj' to divide, set off, and convey to the president and trustees of Bowdoin College the two hundred acres of the Commons, which by vote of the PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 525 town, May 2, 1791, afterwards confirmed by a vote of the proprietors, was granted to the before mentioned oflicers of the college. On July 4, 1834. the committee chosen by the town at the annual meeting in Ma}', to examine into the bounds of the Town Commons, reported substantially as follows, after recapitulating the foregoing votes of the town and of the proprietors. They state that the land was not measured until February, 1741, when Scales's plan of the town was made, at which time the Commons were located. They say that this plan had governed the proprietors in making all their deeds and grants, and that a copy of this plan was the only one ever recognized by the town. At or soon after the time the town received the deed of the land, several surveys were made of the Commons, one of which was made by Stephen Getchell for the town. The proprietors employed Aaron Ilinkley and John Merrill to surve}' the Commons. These two survey's were made from the same description, but differed from each other b}- the amount of four hun- dred and ninety-uine acres. As the town and proprietors could not agree as to the contents of what w\as included within the given boun- daries of the Commons, and as the proprietors were unwilling, in con- sequence of a disagreement with the town in regard to the taxation of their lands, to deed any more than the 1,000 acres which they had pre- viously granted, they agreed, in order to settle the controversy, upon the boundaries as settled in the deed, but with tlie reservation that any surplus that there might be should " go to the support of the gospel in said town of Brunswick forever." The Commons remained without an}' authorized survc}' on the part of the town until 1811, when the legislature of Massachusetts empow- ered Jacob Abbot and John Perr}', Jr., to set off to Bowdoin College its two hundred acres. The}' performed their duty, and monuments were placed around the two hundred acres. In 1816 a committee of the First Parish applied to the town to join them in setting off' the overplus of the Town Commons. This was done October 28 of that year. The object of the parish was effected, and they sold the over- plus to Mr. John Given, and their boundaries were still kept up, though at that time the Commons w^ere without permanent boundaries. The committee proceed to state that they had followed the courses of the previous committees, and had measured their distances, but found them leading far from the truth, no two reputed monuments or marks of trees agreeing with each other. They decided not to make a new survey on account of the expense and owing to the fact that the old First Parish would have reaped the benefits at the town's expense. 526 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. They recommended that l^efore having the Commons snrveyed, the town should procure a quitclaim deed from the First Parish of any further right than the\' had already received. Also, that when a sur- vej' was made, permanent monuments should be placed at all the cor- ners, and a plan of the survey be reported to the town. This report of the committee was accepted b}' the town. A committee was chosen hy the town this year to examine the Com- mons in regard to the practicability' and advisability of having the town farm there. This committee reported in August of that year, and the town ordered the report to be printed, and instructed the selectmen to have the Commons surveyed. The selectmen were also directed to petition the legislature for permission to use the Commons for agricultural purposes, or to dispose of it, should the town ever so direct. The prayer of this petition was not granted. They were directed, moreover, to " procure a release of the Town Commons, to sell if the town think best at a future time, from the Pejepscot Propri- etors." The town also instructed the selectmen to demand a rent from all persons who had improved an}' part of the Commons, and to cause the removal of all who did not pay the rent. At the annual meeting of the town in 1857, Abner B. Thompson, John C. Humphreys, William G. Barrows, Samuel R. Jackson, Richard Greenleaf, and John McKeen were appointed a committee to investigate all matters relating to the Town Commons, ascertain what title the town had to the same, and the boundaries thereof, what encroachments had been made thereon, and all other facts relating to the subject, and were instructed to make a report at some future meet- ing of the town. It was also voted at this meeting to petition the legislature to give the town a more full and absolute control of the use and disposal of the Commons, and enable them to receive more benefit from this grant from the proprietors than they could do with the land as it had been. This petition met with the same fate as the earlier one of similar tenor. The committee to examine into the condition of the Commons reported in 1S58. In their report they say that the Commons had been for more than a hundred years a fruitful source of perplexity, trouble, and expense to the town. Though designed for the benefit of the whole, a few had taken the lion's part, stripped it of its wood and timber, and used it otherwise as would best subserve their pur- poses. The expenses of looking after it had probably been thousands of dollars, and all that had been done resulted in nothing. Depre- PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 121 dations had continued from j-ear to year, and continual complaints would be made until some disposition was made which would more effectually secure to the town the enjoyment of it. Until this was done it would continue to be a source of expense, instead of income, to the town. The committee say that in their preliminar}^ examination for the boundaries of the Commons, it was found difficult to find man}' of its monuments ; many of them had been removed, and the purported boundaries, as given by those living in the proximit}- of the Commons, failed to give the proper number by nearlv or more than one hundred acres. It was found necessary to search for such surveys as had been formerly made. After much trouble and investigation they had accepted the surve}' of Daniel Given, as settled and agreed to by the First Parish and town, in 1816, and the}' therefore presented the sur- vey of Charles J. Noyes, which they had unanimously agreed to adopt as part of their report, and the}' recommended that the town should accept the Given survey as the correct survey of the Commons. The committee give an account of all the transactions of the town in regard to the Commons, and in relation to the deed they remark, "A conveyance in terms so ample would seem impossible to be con- strued, except as giving the town the fullest scope and authority in determining the manner in which the * use and improvements ' for the common benefit should be made." They state that the surplus for the " support of the gospel ministry" amounted to about one hundred and ninety-seven acres. They submitted their report without any further recommendation than what has been given. The town accepted the report, and voted also that their agent be empowered and directed to enter into references with the parties whose lots abutted on the Com- mons, and in case any of these parties declined to refer the matter, the agent was instructed to institute legal proceedings to maintain and protect the rights of the town. It was also voted that when the lines were authoritatively ascertained, the selectmen should cause perma- nent stone monuments to be erected, to mark clearly the boundaries of the Commons. In accordance with this vote a few monuments were erected, but the Commons remain now, as they always have been, unmarked by any clearly defined bounds. Whether encroachments and depredations upon them have been stayed is not known. If proper measures are taken to prevent further encroachments upon it, the time is certain to come when the whole tract will be of great value and utility as a public park. ^ 'Persons interested in this matter of the Town Commons will find the Surveyor's Report on pages 39 and 40 of Volume 5 of Town Records. 528 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. EOADS. It is difficult, if not impossible, to locate with certaintj' mai\y of the roads which were constructed in the last century. With a few exceptions tlie records are extremel}' indefinite upon this point. The line of a road was generally indicated by notched trees, piles of stones, stakes driven into the ground, and similar landmarks, which have long since passed away. With the assistance of Mr. Charles J. Noj-es, C, E., — than whom there is no better authoritv, — we are enabled to give the following account of the more important roads and streets, and we believe that this account is as correct as it is possible at this late day to make it. The first regular road was constructed in 1717, b}' order of the pro- prietors, who voted, June 3, to have a twelve-rod road laid out from the " southerly- basfion of Fort George in a straight line to Maquoit," and to have a fence erected from the southerly' bastion of the fort over to a small house occupied by WN'mond Bradbury, which stood where the cottage now is, at the top of the hill leading to the bridge. This was determined to be tlie end of the Twelve-Rod road, now Maine Street. 1 At the same time a road was laid out from the Fort to the Landing- Place, and from the Fort to the Indian Carrying-Place. This road corresponded Avith what are now Mill, Mason, and Water Streets. The road was originally laid out in a straight line, east and west, and crossed the cove opposite to the end of Mill Street,- but it could not have been travelled so on account of the steep declivity on the eastern side of the cove, and the travelled road was, doubtless, from the ver}' first, substantiall}- the same as at present. A four-rod road was also, in 1717, laid out to run east and west on the south side of the tenth lot, to extend the length of the lot.^ This was what is now known as McKeen Street, on the west side of Maine Street, and it tlien continued directl}' across what is now the college grounds in a straight line to the river. Traces of that portion of the road are still to be found. At some time, date unkuown, the road across the college grouuds was closed up, and what is kuown as Pine Street, from the Village Cemetery to Varney's Cemetery, was opened in its place. In 1717 the proprietors made an agreement with Lieutenant Joseph ' Pcjepscot Records, and Drimsioick Rtcords in Pejepscot Collection. ^Map No, 19 in P^epscot Collection. 8 p^epscot Records. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 52iJ Heath for him " to cut a Road or AA^ay through the Woods at least Ten feet broad, clear it, bridge it, & make it passable for Men & Cat- tle from Fort George the Upperwa}' to R jails River being judged about Twent}' miles in Length [provided the Men at Ryalls River will engage at their charge to cut & clear a Road from thence to Presump- scot River] for which when finished we Avill allow a^ Heath Fourty pounds." ^ According to McKeen,^ this road began at the twelve-rod road, about where General Joshua L. Chamberlain now resides, passed along the high land, westerly, to avoid the swamp, then turned a little towards the river and folloAved nearly the line of the present Freeport road, but more circuitous!}-, passing over the hill where is now the " deep cut " of the railroad, thence by Oak Hill to Freeport. SubsequentU-, probably- not far from 1770, the portion of the road from General Chamberlain's towards' the river was discontinued, and the travel came in by what is now Mill Street. In Given's map of Brunswick (1795), tliis was the onl}- road to Yarmouth. The route was about as follows, using present localities as a guide. It went along Mill Street to a short distance above the upper railroad bridge, thence along the shore and back of Jackson's burying-ground (where the road is still to be seen), thence westerly, passing along in front of Samuel Blaisdell's house, and so on to the deep cut and thence in nearly a straight course to Walter Merryman's, then easterly over the hill, coming out by James Littlefield's, and then about as now trav- elled to Lewis Morse's just in front of his house, and then about as now travelled to Freeport. In 1739, at the first meeting of the town in its corporate capacity, it was "' voted that the roads should lay as they w^ere laid out by John Gatchell, James Thompson, and Benjamin Parker." ^ When th( roads were laid out by them is not stated, but it could not have been man}' years previously. The roads enumerated were : — First. — A road from New Meadows to the twelve-rod road. This road began at what is now known as Howard's Point (south of the present residence of Bartlett Adams), passed around the head of Clutf's Ba}', and then ran a north-northwest course to Cook's Corner, from whence it ran across the plains in an indirect line to the Twelve- Rod road, which it entered near the present meeting-house of the First Parish. "* From this road were two branches, one leading to the Twelve- Rod road a short distance south of the colleges, opposite the Samuel Pejepscot Records. 2 Pejepscot Papers ; also Map No. 21, Pejepscot Collection. 8 Town Records, 1, p. 6. *Map No. 24, Pejepscot Collection. 34 530 mbTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Berry estate, aucl the other entering the Twelve-Rod road near the old First Parish Meeting-House. Both these branches are in existence, but untravelled. Second. — A road from Stevens's Carrying-Place to Coombs's (now Howard's) Point. Tliis was substantialh* the same as the road which now runs from Bartlett Adams's, up the river, })assing Chapin Wes- ton's, and so on to the head of New Meadows Piver. Third. — A road leading from the Gurnet northerly-, in about a straight line, till it intercepted the road leading from New Meadows to the Twelve-Rod road. Foitrth. — A road leading from the old west meeting-house to Mid- dle Bay. It ran about the same courses as the present road, but entered the Twelve-Rod road nearer the meeting-house. Fifth. — What is now known as the old Harpswell road, from the Twelve-Rod road below the old west meeting-house to Harpswell Neck. These roads were not formall}' accepted by the town and their courses recorded until several years later. The town was occasionally "presented" for bad roads. At the January- session of the Court of General Sessions in 1739, " Benjamin Larrabee, Esquire, one of the selectmen of the toAvn of Brunswick, appeared to answer the presentment exhibited against the said town for deficienc}' in the highwa}' in said town, leading to North Yarmouth, and the said selectmen having promised to see the s*^ way mended ; ordered that they be acquitted paying fees of Court, two pounds eleven shillings." At the town meeting in, 1744, an order having been issued b}- the Court of General Sessions, for a highwa}- between Brunswick and Georgetown, Deacon Samuel Whitney and Captain William Woodside were appointed a committee to la}' out the same. There is no record of the action taken by this committee, but it is probable that they simpl}- made passable the road previousl}' laid out, as that was the only road to Georgetown, now Bath, for many years subsequently. Not far from this time, though possibh' a little later, there was a road from the New Meadows River straight over to the Androscoggin, at a point nearly opposite James Mustard's in Topsham.^ Here was a ferry. It is probable that the line struck the New Meadows River a short distance above Mr. Bartlett Adams's house, Avhich was only a short distance above Brown's Ferry, across the New Meadows River. In 1753 the inhabitants of Mair Point consented to give a free road, Map No. 11, Pejepscot Collection. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 531 Roads in 1764. 532 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. one rod wide, to the lower end of the Point, and to maintain sufficient gates on any fences which crossed the road, and the town voted to be at the charge of keeping the road in repair. In 17G7 this road was made two rods wide. In 1751) the road was laid out which leads from Nathan Woodward's hy GatchelFs Pond and Washington Woodward's estate to the New Meadows Kiver road. In 1760 the road from Maquoit Landing to Bunganock was laid out sul)stantially as it now is, but at that time tliere was a branch road from a short distance below N. Blake's over to the Twelve-Rod road near the Maquoit school-house. This branch was subsequently' dis- continued, but at what time is not known.. The location of the roads described in the preceding pages can be readily understood by refer- ence to the map of roads which is given on the preceding page. What is now known as the Pennell road, from the old llarpswell road to Pennellville, was laid out in 1770. In the year 1773, on the petition of Jonathan Bagley and of others who were interested in the lands on the river, the town voted to accept the road to Durham, which had been constructed by the petitioners. This was the river road to Durham, which then ran close to the river on the intervales, and was very crooked. Changes in the courses were subsequent!}' made. The lower road to Freeport, starting a short distance above the old west meeting-house, and passing b}' Albion P. Woodside's and so on to Freeport, was laid out about the 3'ear 1794. Mrs. J. D. Lamb dis- tinctly remembers walking through it when it was first laid out. She was then a child, nine or ten years old. Tlie road was cut through a dense forest for nearly its whole length. It was not made passable for carriages for a number of years later. Mr. Lewis Simpson says the road was not completed until 1806. He remembers that the laborers upon the road ceased work during the great solar eclipse which occurred that year. In the year 1789 a second county road was laid out from Cook's Corner to Bath, but it was not made passable until 1795, ^ The town in 1790 opposed the building of this road. The road is not shown in Given's plan of Brunswick, which was made in Ma}', 1795, so that it was not probably a travelled road until some months subsequently. This road ran up by Martin Storer's, and then in a very circuitous line ' Maine Hintrirical Collection, Vol. 2, p. 219. Lemont's Historical Dates of Bath, p. 41. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 533 to a short distance north of Ham's Hill, where it entered the old county road which passed around the head of New Meadows River. Portions of this road are still in existence and travelled. In 1794 the road from Oak Hill to Bunganock was laid out, and in 1796 the road from Bunganock to Growstown was laid out. In the 3'ear 1800 the road from L. D. Alexander's to E. C. Ray- mond's was laid out, and in 1802 what is called the Otis road was laid out. The " Friends' road," from the Durham River road to Freeport, was laid out in 1805. The turnpike to Bath, sometimes called Governor King's turnpike, was built in 18051 or 1806. Mr. Lewis Simpson distinctly recollects that at the first Commencement at Bowdoin College, in 1806, two men who were engaged in building this road came up to spend the alter- noon. This turnpike was well made, and the road-bed was hard and smooth. It went through the woods nearly all the way east of Cook's Corner. The road now travelled from Brunswick to Cook's Corner and straight on to New Meadows River is a part of the old turnpike The turnpike bridge was a few rods south of the railroad bridge. The gate and toll-house were at the west end of the bridge. According to Lemont,- a second turnpike was built in 1806 from Bath to Brunswick, crossing the New Meadows River at Brown's Ferr}'. It is not probable that there was, at that time, a second turn- pike in Bath, and there is no evidence that another turnpike was built in Brunswick. The bridge at Brown's Ferr}?- was built previous .to that of Governor King, and only the abutments and piers remained in 1808-9. It is more probable that what Lemont calls the second turn- pike was a shunpike^ as it is well known that, to avoid pa3-ing toll, travellers from Brunswick left the turnpike at Cook's Corner and crossed the river at Brown's Ferry. It was owing to this fact that General King established a gate on the turnpike west of Cook's Cor- ner. That expedient proved of no avail, however, as travellers there- after drove across the plains to Cook's Corner, and then down to Brown's Ferr}', thus avoiding both toll-gates. In 1810 an alteration was made in the upper count}' road to Bath, so that it crossed the New Meadows River a short distance above Ham's Hill, over a bridge called Hay den's Bridge, and in 1831 the road was straightened and laid out over Ham's Hill, as it is now. The Bull Rock Bridge road was laid out in 1836.3 In 1837 the New Wharf road was laid out. ^ Lemont, Historical Dates of Bath, p. Al. ^Ihid. ^Ibid. 534 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In 1843 a petition was granted b}' the Court of General Sessions for Lincoln County", for a road from High Street in Bath, over the Bull Bridge, through Brunswick to Freeport. At what time guide-boards were first used is not known, but in 1814 the town instructed the selectmen to repair and erect guide- boards wherever necessary, showing that some, at least, had been erected previously to that date. Twelve-Rod Road. — Maine Street, or the Twelve-Rod road, owing to its location and the fact that nearly all the measurements and esti- mates of distances are based upon it, is entitled to a more extended consideration than the other roads of the town. All the lots at the laying out of the town were connected with lot number one, which commenced at a point twentj'-seven rods south from the flag-staff upon Fort George. Therefore both the lots and the roads take their start from one and the same point, — a bastion of the old fort. In order to a complete understanding of the matter, it will be well to enumerate the various votes in regard to this road that have been passed by the town, or b}' the proprietors, since it was originally laid out in 1717. The first pul^lic action in regard to this road was taken at a legal meeting of the inhabitants of the township, held Ma}- 8, 1719. At this meeting it was voted : — "That whereas y" Proprietors have allowed a road 12 Rod wide from Fort George to Maquoit as also sundry other private ways : he'nceforth no incumbrance shall be Erected or Continued in an}- of the said "Wayes." At the town meeting in 1740 it was voted that the main road from Fort George to Maquoit should be twelve rods wide. This vote was evidently intended to be mereh' confirmatory of the original action of the proprietors in laying it out of that width. At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors on November 14 of this 3'ear, it was voted by them that "Whereas a Road of 12 Rods wide was granted by the Proprietors June 3, 1717, from Fort George over to Maquoit and said road has not been improved as was originallv laid out Therefore voted. That said Road run from the Southerly Bastion of said Fort George on a Streight Line over to Maquoit and that the Surve3'our be directed to enter it upon the Piatt according!}'." This vote of the proprietors was not Uteralhj carried out. There is no evidence that the road was actually laid out in one straight line, and it is certain that it was never so travelled. All of the early plans locate the road as starting, on its western line, at the southwest bas- tion of Fort George, and running due south across the present depot PUBLIC LANDS, BO ADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 535 grounds, to a point a short distance soutli of the residence of Professor A. S. Packard, and from thence a southwest course to Maquoit. At that time, and until the _year 1826, there was a swamp extending from the present eastern hue of the mall to the foot of Powder-House Hill, and to avoid this swamp the travel went out to one side, and passed along what is now called Park Row, on the eastern side of the mall, and thus the eastern line of this portion of the road was established much farther east than it was originally laid out. Although the road had been laid out by the proprietors and had been built and used by the town, it was not formally accepted as a public highway until 1709. This road being of an unusual width, and much wider than was at all necessary for mere purposes of travel, the town in 1791 was induced to do what would be considered b}' many as a ver}' unwise thing. It chose a committee and instructed them to lease six rods in width of this road, "■ where the}' think it best, leaving the road six rods wide at such places." In April, 1792, the town appointed a cr)mmittee to lay out the road again, from Fort George to Maquoit, eight rods in width, thus redu- cing the width four rods. This committee reported at the subsequent meeting in May, and the town voted to accept the road as laid out by them, with an amendment to the effect that two rods should be added to the road on the west side, between Mr. Stone's and Mr. Lunt's, and with some minor changes near the Maquoit shore. The land between Mr. Stone's and Mr. Lunt's was that betw^een Mill Street and the Pejepscot National Bank. On the other side of the street, in front of Da3''s Block, was a deep gully which increased in depth till it entered the cove in front of what is now Maynard's oyster saloon, opposite INIill Street. Encroachments had been made on the opposite side of the street so that the narrowness of the road and its sideling nature rendered travelling dangerous. It is known that accidents had at various times occurred there. In 1806 the town voted to pay fift,y-nine dollars and fift^'-three cents to Zephaniah Spurr, of Boston, for damages to his carriage, it having been driven off the bank and injured, owing to the bad condition of the road. It is prob- able that Mr. Stone and Mr. Lunt had leased a portion of the road, and that the town regretted its action and annulled the lease In 1793 the town voted to accept this eight-rod road, as laid out with the amendments, and the surve3'ors of highways were directed to open the road agreeably to the plan, which was " eight rods wide from end to end except at the landing-place at Maquoit which is twelve rods wide." A committee was also chosen to lease or quitclaim the remain- 536 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ing four rods of the old Twelve-Rod road. It is not known how much of the road was thus leased or quitclaimed. The only deed which we have seen was one to Lemuel Swift of" four rods of the twelve rod road, lying in front of Mr. Benjamin Stone's land, and situated between the land of John Carr and Captain John Dunlap's land, being twenty square rods at seventeen dollars per acre." ^ This was the front of what is now the Rodne}' Forsaith estate, between Dr. Lincoln's and Benjamin Green's. In 1794, Benjamin ( hase, one of the survej'ors of highways, was directed to open the Twelve-Rod road the full icidth wherever people had not purchased the four rods, and where the}' had, to open it eight rods wide. It was also voted that all persons desiring to purchase the four rods in width that had not been sold could do so by applying for the same within fomteen days. In 1804 tlie west line of Maine Street, as it now is, between Noble and Pleasant Streets, was accepted by the town. In 1810, to put on record the locality from whence the measure- ments of the road and town lots started, tlie following paper was entered on the town records : — " Whereas the Record of the West line of the twelve Rod Road from Brunswick Falls to Maquoit Ba}', as laid out 1)V the Proprietors of Brunswick, mention the Flag staff standing in the south West Bastion in Fort George as the point at which the}' began their surve}^ ; and whereas the bounds and Lines of man}' Lotts and parcels of Land are ascei'tained b}' admeasurement from that point before mentioned ; and whereas Fort George and the Flag staff are demolished, and it may be of Great importance to render the precise point where the Flag staff in said Fort George stood permanent, therefore, be it remembered that we John Abbot, John Perry Jr. and Jacob Abbot, all of said Brunswick in the County of Cumberland and Commonwealth of Mas- sachusetts, have this da}' applied to John Dunlap Esq of said Bruns- wick who was a soldier in said Fort George, when a young man, and lives nigh the plat of Ground where said Fort stood, and hath been frequently on the premises ; and to Cutting Noyes, who li\es nigh the premises and assisted in removing the piece of Timl)er the said flagg staff was framed into : — and the said John Dunlap Esq and Cutting Noyes have designated, according to the best of their judgement and they say they think the spot where the foot of said flagg staff stood, and to render it permanent, we the said Jolni Abbot, John Perry Jun"" 1 Original deed in the possession of John L. Swift, Esq. PUBLIC LANDS, BOADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 537 and Jacob Abbot have drilled a hole in the ledge or Eock and drove an Iron bolt of about one Inch and one Quarter Diameter and about Eighteen Inches in length, half the length into said Ledge or Rock, the other half above the surface in the Identical spot shewn to us as the place under which said Flagg Staff stood. "John Pkkry Jux^ John Abdot Jacob Abbot "Brunswick Nov 23'^ 1810 ' ' A Tiiie Copy " Dan'l Giveen, Town Clerk. "William Duning ^ John Giveen > Selectmen." Joseph Hacker j This bolt will be found ' ' opposite to the space between two of the factory boarding-houses at the north end of Maine Street and distant southerl}' from the southwest corner of the easterly house twentj'-eight and one third feet, where a line from the southeast corner of the westerly house will intersect the first line in twentj'-six feet, thence to the house on the corner of Maine and Bow Streets, sixtj-six feet ; or by measuring easterly from and in line of the south face of Cabot Mill sevent3'-six and two tenths feet, and from one to two feet beneath the surface of the ground." ^ In 1819, Abner Bourne, Robert D. Dunning, David Dunlap. Robert Eastman, and Samuel Chase were chosen a committee to ascertain the boundaries of the Twelve-Rod road and to recommend measures for the prevention of further encroachments on the road, and were instructed to report at the next annual meeting. No record is made of their report. In 1822 the selectmen were authorized to direct a survc}^ of this road between Jacob Abbot's ^ and Robert D. Dunning's, and to receive a quitclaim deed, provided it could be done without any expense to the town except for the writing of the deed and the survey. In 1845 the Twelve-Rod road, or that part of it called Maine Street, was again survej'ed, this time by Elijah P. Pike, under the direction of the selectmen, and ihe survey was accepted by the town. In 1858 two rows of trees were set out on this street from the Con- gregational Church to the end of the college grounds. This was done bj' private subscription. 1 From Field Book of Charles J. Noyes, C. E. 2 J\'ow' the residence of Captain A- H. Merryman. 538 ■ HISTORY OF BBUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The foregoing comprises all important facts in relation to this Twelve-Rod road with the exception of the origin of THE MALL. In 1802 there was a board fence from the northeast corner of Eobert D. Dunning's house, on the hill, to the head of the present Mall. It continued, much as the fence now runs on the easterly* side of the Mall, to Schwartkin's store, where the store of George B. Tenney now is. The Mall was at that time an alder-swamp which extended as far west as the foot of Powder-IIouse Hill, and nearly as far north as Pleasant Street. Cows often had to be pi'ied out of the mud where the Mall is. Mr. C. J, Noj'es informs us that, in 184(5, when survey- ing the line of the railroad between Maine and Union Streets, he sank into the mud and water over the tops of his rubber boots. It is said that in this swamp the old settlers used to take beaver. On the Fourth of Jul}-, 1826, the citizens united in a general assault upon this deformitj' of the village, and assembling at an early hour, with shovels, hoes, oxen, ploughs, and carts, they worked diligently until noon. Then the company- listened to a speech from Robert Orr, Esquire, after which they partook of a lunch and dispersed. A sec- ond gathering of the kind was held on the next Fourth of Jul}^, and after half a day's hard work the compan}' marched to the meeting- house, stacked their arms (shovels, hoes, picks, etc.) in militar}- style before entering, and listened to an oration from Mr. Edward Kent, then a student in the law-office of Honorable Benjamin Orr, The work thus begun was completed b}' private enterprise. The project of enclosing the open area and of planting trees was started at a strawberry party in 1838, and the fence was erected and the trees set out in the spring of 1839.^ The work was assigned to a committee of three, — Doctor Isaac Lincoln, Joseph Griffin, and John S. Gushing. It cost about four hundred dollars to fence and grade it and to plant the trees. Nearly- all the trees then set out are in a flourishing condi- tion now. The committee devoted their whole time for three weeks to superintending the work, and then were obliged to make up a small deficit in the funds. The row of trees on the western side of the Mall was set out by Mr. Gushing. While the work was progressing, Mr. Gushing was married, and Doctor Adams, the officiating clergy- man, at the conclusion of the ceremou}-, remarked that he himself desired to work for the Mall, and therefore presented his fee towards that object. 1 Brunswick Telegraph, June 25, 1853. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 539 Nothing further was done to the Mall until 1867, when the fence around it was rebuilt. In ISTo the selectmen, in their annual report, nse the following lan- guage in regard to the Mall, to which report sutHcient attention lias not been paid. They say : — " The. Mall ought to be put under the care of some person of judg- ment and taste, and attention given to its condition. If the grounds were kept clean and smooth, the walks trimmed, and seats erected in different parts, what is now unsightl}- and of no particular interest to any one, will be made an ornament and become a point to which our peojDle will gravitate for rest and recreation during the heat of summer, and in which we shall all feel a just pride." STREETS. Some of the streets in Brunswick were laid out as private waj's at an early dale, and although named by the town and repaired from time to time by the road surveyors of the town, have never yet been formally accepted by it. This fact will account for the omission, in some cases, of the date of laying out or of acceptance of some of these streets. It has been found impossible to obtain the date of construc- tion of these 2:>rivate streets. As to the legal liability of the town in regard to most of them, we presume there can now be little doubt. For convenience the streets in Brunswick will be treated in alpha- betical order. Bath Street is a part of Governor King's turnpike, which was laid out in 1806. The name is applied to that portion of the road between the First Parish Meeting-House and Pine Grove Cemetery. Bank Street was laid out b}- the late David Dunlap, Esquire, over his own land. It has never been accepted by the town, and in 1867 the town refused to accept it as a highwaj'. Bow^ Street was laid out in 1819, and accepted by the town under its present name in 1821. Slight changes in the courses of this street were made in 1824 and in 1830. BooDY Street was accepted hy the town in 1853. It was named in honor of Mr. Henry H. Bood}', who was then a professor in Bow- doin College, and resided on the corner of Maine and this new street. Cleaveland Street was laid out early in this centur}^ but pre- cisely when we cannot ascertain. It was in 1821 named Cross Street. Its present name was given to it in 1869 in honor of Professor Parker Cleaveland, who lived on Federal Street opposite the end of this street. 540 inSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPS WELL. Centre Street was laid out as a private road in 1810, In 1821 it was named bj the town Centre Street, and in 183U it was accepted by the town. Gushing Street was laid out and accepted b}' the town in 1847. It was named in honor of Mr. John S. Gushing. Gedar Street was laid out and accepted in 1845. GoLLEGE Street was laid out in 1831. DuNLAP Street was originallj' laid out by General Richard T. Dunlap as a private way, and its name was given to it by the town as a mark of respect. Dunning Street was laid out in 1844. It was named for Mr. Robert D, Dunning. Elm Street was laid out in 1843. Everett Street, named in honor of Ebenezer Everett, Esquire, was laid out and accepted b}' the town in 1865. Elliot Street was laid out in 1858. It was named in honor of Golonel Daniel Elliot. Franklin Street was laid out and accepted in 184G. Federal Street was laid out and accepted in 1803. The propri- etors of the land gave the land and made the road. The street received its name in 1821. Referring to this street, a writer in 1820 says, " I understand the original proprietors of the land made it a condition in their grants that all houses on this street should be at least two stories high and on a line twenty feet from the road. With this requisition there seems to have been a punctilious compliance. About twenty houses are already erected with great exactness and sj'mmetr^', and the remaining lots of land are correctly proportioned." Although no proof of any agreement of the kind referred to above has been found, it would seem not improbable, judging from the actual appearance of the street, that some agreement was made between the earlier owners of the lots. Such entire uniformity could scarcely result as a matter of chance. Green Street was laid out in 1828. It was named for James Green, a resident on the street. GiLMAN Avenue, named in honor of Honorable Gharles J. Gilman, was laid out as a private wa}', but was named b}' the town as a mark of respect to the owner of the land. Harpswell Street is a portion of the old road to Ilarpswell Island, which was laid out in the last centur}-, but at precisely what date is not known. High Street was laid out in 1850. It was first called Grove Street, and the name was changed to High in 1872. PUBLIC LANDS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC. 541 Island Street, from Bow Street to the river opposite Shad Island, was accepted by the town in 1828. Lincoln Street, named in honor of Doctor Isaac Lincohi, has never been accepted by the town. Maine Street has been already described under the head of the " Twelve-Rod Road." The name Maine Street is applied to that portion of the road between the bridge and Mair Brook, as decided by the town in 1 Joiners. — There must have been those among the very early settlers who understood this trade and worked at it as oc- casion required. The earliest reference which has been found to any one who worked exclusivel}' at the trade is to Robert Pearse, who worked on the first meeting-house in 1735. Thomas Neal worked at his trade about the same time, and Robert Smart in 1752. ' It would be impossible to enumerate all who have worked at this trade since then, but there are two persons, who were particularly prominent in the business in the early part of this century , to whom allusion should be made. Samuel Melcher, 3d, was a sui)enor workman, and built man}' of the better class of buildings during tliat period, among which may be mentioned the second meeting-house of the First Parish, which was erected in 1806 on the site of the present edifice ; Massa- chusetts Hall, the old college chapel, Winthrop Hall and Appleton Hall, the houses of Professor Cleaveland, Professor U])hnm, Professor Newman, and that now' occupied by Professor Packard. His last work was the present college chapel, which he superintended in the eightieth year of his age, doing the iricer work himself. He also built, in Topsham, the Baptist and Congregationalist meeting-houses, the Doctor Porter house, now Mrs. Susan T. Purinton's, and the Veazie house, now the residence of Mr. Woodbur}' B. Pnrinton. Mr. Anthony C. Raymond was engaged in this lousiness between the 3'ears 181G and 1839, during which time he built a large number COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 581 ^; of public and private buildings, among which were the Tontine Hotel, the Town House, the main building of the Cotton Factory, Maine Hall, of Bowdoin College, and four churches, nameh", the old Univer- salist Meeting-House on Federal Street, the meeting-house on Federal Street now occupied by the Catholics, the Union Meeting-House at Growstowu, and the Free- Will Baptist Church in Topsham. CoRDWAiNERS. — The onl}' person engaged in this business whose name has been met with was Joseph Morse. He carried on his busi- ness either just before or during the Revolution. Daguerrean Artists and Photographers. — The first daguerrean artist is believed to have been Charles E. Blake, in 184;"). He was succeeded by a Mr. Upton, who carried on the business for several years about 1852. Others in the daguerreotype or photographic busi- ness were H. S. Cook, about 1854 ; J. O Durgin, 1854 ; G. S. Smiley-, 1854; Mansfield & Hall, 1856; and William Pierce, from 1853 to 1875. Dentists. — The first professional dentist to make his appearance in town is thought to have been D. S. Grandin, in 1844. Of course the mere extracting of teeth had been done before that time by individuals who, from sufficient experience, had acquired knowledge and skill enough to warrant them in making it somewhat a specialty. Since then there have been, J. Matthews, about 1845, J. W. Cook, about 1854, and others since. Gunsmiths. — James Cary, Senior, was the first to work at this trade, which he did for some years previous to 1800, and for a short time subsequently. His shop was on the site of Day's Block, about where E. F. Brown's jewelry store is now. P. Powers, about the 3'ear 1828, worked at this business. Hat and Cap Makers. — This business was first established here in 1791, by Lemuel Swift. His shop was in a small building, just north of the Rodne}^ Forsaith house, on Maine Street. Major Swift continued the business until about 1820, when he died, and Joshua Lufkin, who had learned the trade of him, returned from Bath, and carried on the business for his widow for a time. He afterwards carried it on for himself in the same building. He next occupied the wooden building which stood on the site of the brick store now occu- pied by Barton Jordan. Here he manufactured and sold hats, caps, furs for ladies, sleigh-robes, and skins of various animals. Many of the older inhabitants can remember the stand of hats, wrapped in tissue paper of different colors, which stood at the side of the door to attract the notice of passers-b}'. Mr. Lufkin made several different 582 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. styles of hats for men and bo3's, and sometimes for ladies' wear, militar}' hats for trainers, fanc}- caps for students, and tarpaulins for sailors. William P. Fowler was in partnership with Mr. Lufkin, about 1844, for a short time; and with David Dexter and Richard Holland at other times. IMr. Lufkin continued in the business until about 1848. Mr. Richard Holland also carried on the hat-making business from about 1833 to about 1840. Masons. — The first mason to have a permanent residence in Bruns- wick is said to have been Thomas Pool, who came here from Portland in 1802 to build the first college building (Massachusetts Hall). He remained in town and worked at his trade for many 3'ears thereafter. A short time after Pool came here another mason, named Chase Wig- gin, established himself in the business. The number of those who have worked at the trade since then is quite large. Marble Workers. — In 1844, Richard Adams carried on the busi- ness of making gravestones and doing other work in marble. He was succeeded by his son Francis, now a well-known lawyer in Bath. Edward Melcher, now of Bath, and others have worked at this trade since then. Nail-Maker. — About the j'ear 179.5 a man named Richardson had a shop on the site of the store now occupied by Barton Jordan, a few doors south of Centre Street, where he made shingle and clapboard nails from iron hoops taken from rum-barrels ; and as rum-barrels were then ver}' plenty, he had no difficulty in obtaining hoops sufficient for his purpose: He continued the business for about a j'ear, when he was obliged to abandon it in consequence of the bursting of a cannon, which he fired at a muster in 1796, by which he lost an arm. It is worthy of note that the gun which exploded was one which had for- merly been used in Fort George. ^ Painters. — Until after the Revolution there were no }):iinted houses in Brunswick, and consequently there were none who made painting an occupation until after that time. Jack Robertson, an Englishman, established himself here about the year 1800. and is said to have been the first painter in town. The number of those in the business since then is quite large. Mr. Dean Swift was undoubtedly in the business for a longer period than an}' one else, having begun in 1818. Sign-painting was his specialty, and in that branch of the business he excelled. He painted for Jackson & May, in 1818, the first gilt sign ever painted in Bruns- 1 Reminiscences of Dean Swift. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 583 wick ; the lettering was clone in German text. Mr. Swift did his last job of sign- painting in 1872.^ Potters. — J. Barker, 2d, is the only person known to have had a pottery in Brunswick. He was in the business about 1823 and sub- sequentl}'. Saddlers and Harness-Makers. — The first person known to have carried on this business in Brunswick was a Mr. Brooks, who came here from Vermont, and who was engaged in it in 1802, and probably for some years previous and subsequent to that time. After him were Stephen Lee, about 1808, and John Lee, his son, who succeeded his father; Edward Ryonson, 1827 to 1858; Prince Dinsmore, in 1829 ; and others. Stable -Keepers. — From a very early date innkeepers were accus- tomed to putting up the horses of their guests, but no one is known to have made it a business to keep horses to let until about the year 1808, when a man, whose name is forgotten by our informant, opened a livery stable on Maine Street, a few rods south of Mill Street. After a few years Stephen Lee bought the stable and continued the business for some time. In 1820, John Beals opened a livery stable on the hill opposite the tavern. After him were Nathaniel Springer in 1824, and subsequently ; Wyatt & Mitchell in 1836 ; Robert Bowker and others at a later date. Tailors. — The only tailors living here in the last century, whose names have come down to us, were Mr. John Miller, who Avorked at the houses of his customers about 1765, a Mr. Robinson, and a Mr. Hammond. Where the shops of the latter were and when they were in business has not been ascertained. From about 1792 to about 1800 a man named Manning worked at this trade in a building on Mason Street. Mr. Caleb Gushing was engaged in this business from about 1796 to 1830, at which time he sold out his tailoring business to his son, Louis T. Gushing, who had for five years previous been in partnership with his father, and who continued it until his death in 1838. In 1825, and for some years after, Lawrence Joyce carried on the business. Benjamin Mason had a tailoring establishment here from before 1820 to 1830 or later. John L. Swift, John W Perry, Joseph Hinkley, J. H. Nichols, and others were in the business at a later period. Tanners. — The earliest tanner of whom we have any account was Tobias Ham, who had a tan-yard at New Meadows, near " Ham's Hill," in 1747 and subsequently. His tan-pits were in the low lands 1 His death occurred while this chapter was passing through the press. 584 HISTORY OF brvnswick, topsham, and harpswell. of the field east of the present residence of Mr. C3-rus Peterson. Jeremiah INIoulton had a tanner}' in 1802, and at the same time a Mr. Heath had one in what is now the garden of Mr. Robert Bowker. About 1810 the late AdamLeraont cai-ried on the tannery at the latter place. He was succeeded by James Green, who was in turn succeeded by Samuel Moulton. In 1820. Charles Pollard bought Moulton out, and continued the business for some years. Tobacco Manufactory. — About the .year 1800, Doctor Charles Coffin carried on the business of making tobacco into " figs" and " pigtails," in a building which stood on the lot now occupied by the residence of Mr. Benjamin Greene, on the corner of O'Brien Street. He carried on the business for about three years. He did not him- self work at the business, but employed men to work for him.^ Weighers of Hay, etc. — Previous to the 3'ear 1816, hay had not been weighed in Brunswick. It was the custom to guess at the weight by the size of the load, and when the seller and the buyer could not agree upon the quantity, they called upon their neighbors to act as referees. In 1816, Russell Stoddard erected the first scales in Brunswick at a point about opposite Green Street, in what is now the Mall. These scales were similar in construction and appearance to those described further on as in use at Topsham. Of late years there have been quite a number of scales in different parts of the village. Store-Keepers. — In the following account of the traders of Bruns- wick, mention is made of those only who were in business at an early .period, or who were particularly prominent as traders at a later date. All of the early stores were what were termed variety stores, con- taining a general assortment of dry and fancy goods, boots and shoes, groceries, liquors, china, glass, earthen, and hard ware, stationery, etc. In 1715 there was a storehouse connected with Fort George, for depositing goods, and it is probable that the settlers were supplied from it with such articles as their immediate necessities required. Mr. Woodside likewise had a building, a few years later, at Maquoit in which he traded.^ Samuel Standwood and Samuel Moody were licensed retailers prior to 1758. Those early stores were not kept open constantly, but were onl}' opened when customers came to purchase anj-thing. As early as 1780 old Esquire John Dunlap sold West India goods 1 Reminiscences of Dean Swift. ^ McKeen, MS. Lecture. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 585 in a building which stood in what is now the yard in front of the office of the late Dr. Lincoln. It is related that there was an unfinished attic over the store, into which a small scuttle-hole opened from the store below. Esquire Dunlap had no mone^'-drawer, and was accus- tomed to throw pieces of coin received from customers up through the hole into the attic. That was all the safe the times demanded. Previous to 1800, Benjamin Stone kept store in a building near the northerh" corner of Maine and Mill Streets. In 1798, Veazie & Stone kept store on what is now the northerly corner of Maine and Dunlap Streets, in a building which was owned by Captain John Dunlap. The building was burned that year, but was soon rebuilt and is now standing. The chimney is the original chimney. In 1802, Robert D. Dunning and Josiah Noyes traded in the same store after it was rebuilt. John Schwartkins, a native of Holland, kept a store in an old building which stood on the site of the present McLellan Block, between the years 179G and 1822. John Peterson kept a store at New Meadows previous to the year 1800. The building is still standing, but in a dilapitated condition. Doctor Charles Coffin had a store on Maine Street in 1800, and for some seven or eight years later. It was on the corner of O'Brien Street, on the site of the resi- dence of Benjamin Greene. He was a ph^'sician, but did not practise, but kept a small stock of medicines. In 1802, Colonel William Stanwood, Richard Tappan, John Perry, Charles Ryan, and a few others had stores. Mr. Perry continued in trade until about 1830. Daniel and Jotham Stone each had a store as early as 1802. Daniel's first store was in a building which stood about where the foot of the Mall is now. Subsequently he erected the building still standing on Maine Street, on the edge of the cove, about opposite the factory store, and which is now painted green. There he traded for many years. Jotham Stone's store was on Maine Street, on the southerly corner of Mill Street. Here he kept until 1820, or later, doing a large amount of business. His store was considered the best in town. In 1803, Henry and Frederick Quimby erected a large building where the Tontine now stands, and they kept a store there until about the year 1818. Nathaniel Poor began trading here about 1808, and continued for many 3'ears, a part of the time being in partnership with John Coburn. David Dunlap, on the corner of Maine and Dunlap Streets, and his brother, Richard !'. Dunlap, on the corner of Bank Street, where 586 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Smith's billiard-room now is, were prominent traders for many years subsequent to 1812. Joseph and John McKeen began about the same time, and were in trade for a long series of years. Joseph was on the corner of Maine and Cleaveland Streets, where is now the store of Charles Townsend ; and John was on the corner of Maine and Noble Streets, where is now the residence of Doctor Asher Ellis. Nathaniel Badger was in trade in 1813, and for many years subse- quently. At first his store was in a building ^hich stood on the site of the present store of Mr. Barton Jordan ; later he occupied a build- ing on the southern corner of Centre Street, where the store of Mr. A. G. Poland now is, and at one time in a building on Pleasant Street, a1)0ut where the Methodist Church is. He had a good trade. From 18 IG to 1820, and perhaps a little later, L. T. Jackson and Charles JMay, under the stj'le of Jackson & Ma}-, kept a store in the building on IMaine Street which is now the residence of Mr. B. G. Dennison. About 1818, Ezra Drew kept a store on Maine Street, in a building on the side of the cove, a few rods south of the Daniel Stone store. He remained in trade onlj- a few years. In 1818, Eph- raim Brovvn and J. C. Humphrej'S formed a copartnership, and kept a store for a number of j'ears on the southern corner of ]\lill and Maine Streets. In 1820 there were at least thirteen stores. Among those in trade that 3-ear, who have not already been named, were Waterhouse & West, who were in trade together and singl}' until about 1828. Jere O'Brien kept store in 1820, and for a few years subsequently'. Stone & Morse did a good business between 1820 and 1836. James H. Mills had a store in the old Stanwood Building on the north corner of Maine and Centre Streets, from 1820 to 1830. Koger Merrill was in trnde in 1820 and for a few 3'ears subsequentlj' on the corner of Maine and Mill Streets. Abner Bourne, in 1820- and subsequently, kept where is now the store of Barton Jordan. A. B. Thompson and A. B. Thompson & Co. in 1820, and for six or eight years, was on the east side of Maine Street on the side of the cove. Joseph Demeritt in 1820, and subsequentl}- Demeritt & Stone, until about 1830. Ethan Earle, on the north cor- ner of Mill Street, in 1820 to 183G, did a large business. Noah Hinkley from 1820 to 1829, on the northern corner of Maine and Mason Streets, where Day's Block now stands, had a large stock and did a good business. Jacob Johnson, from 1820 to 1836, or a few years later, was on the northern corner of Centre Street. In 1824, John Coburn kept store in Hiukley's Block. In 1825, Jesse COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 587 Pierce, and Dunning & Parsliley (Nathaniel Dunning and Ebenezer Parsliley) were in trade. At a later date these two last-named traders were alone or with other partners. They both traded for some years. In 1828, Caleb Cushing and his sou, Francis D. Gushing, opened a variety store in a building on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets. where Lemont Block now stands. The building had been erected by Mr. Caleb Cushing about four years previously. The firm of Cushing & Co. continued the business until 1835, when Francis died, and Mr. Caleb Cushing thereafter conducted the business alone until his death in 1838, when the store passed into the hands of his youngest son, John S. Cushing, who occupied it until it was destroyed by fire in 1849. For nine years previous to taking his father's store, the latter had been in trade at the lower part of the town. For many years previous to the establishment of this store, Mr. Caleb Cushing had carried on the tailoring business in a building a few doors north of Pleasant Street, about where is now the store of G. B. Tenney. Thus for more than fifty years did he or his sons do business at or near the corner, and, until within a few years, the locality was known as Cushing's Corner. Among those in trade subsequent to 1830 should be mentioned George Earle, 1830 to about 1844 ; William S. Murray, 183G and sub- sequently ; Isaac Center, 1845 to 1859 ; Samuel Webb, 1840 to 1870. The foregoing list embraces only a small portion of those who were in general trade during the first half of this century. In addition to the foregoing, mention should be made of those who have been engaged in special branches of trade. The first Apothecaky in Brunswick was George W. Holden, 1820 to 1832. After him was Henry M. Prescott, 1832 to 1840 ; and others. Of all who have been in this business in Brunswick, Doctor William Baker was engaged in it the longest, from 1836 to his death in 1867, a period of thirt3--one 3'ears. The first Bookstore in Brunswick was established by the late Joseph Griffin in 1822. and he continued in the business until his death in 1874 Among others in the business were Nathaniel Davis, from 1825 to 1866, and William Johnson, from 1845 to about 1860. The first person to deal exclusively in Boots and Shoes in Bruns- wick was a Mr. Nichols, who kept a shoe store on Mill Street in 1823, and for a few years later. Of his successors ISIr. Lorenzo Day was doubtless engaged in the business longer than an}- other. The first person to deal exclusively in Dry Goods was Mr. Daniel Elliot, who has been in the business from 1838 to the present time. 588 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The late Alexauder F. Boardmau was in the business from 1840 until his death in 1876. Prominent among others in the business since 1840, and who are not now in trade, were Gould Jewell & Co., Henr^' Carville, and James G. Collins. The first Furniture Store was established about 1845 b}^ Robert L. Dodge, who subsequent!}' sold out to Harvey Stetson. The first person who engaged in the Millinery business in Bruns- wick is thought to have been a Mrs Mood}^, who had a shop as early as 1820, and perhaps earlier. In 1820, IMrs. L. T. Jack.son advertised that she carried on the straw manufacturing business in all its varie- ties, and that old bonnets could be made over. After her was Miss Mary Humphreys and a Mrs. Whitmore. From 1821 to about 1827, Miss Eliza Nichols had a milliner}' establishment, andlNIissM. Nichols in 1833 or thereabouts. About the year 182o, Miss Doroth}- Giddings and her sister, Mrs. Boardman, came to Brunswick, and opened a millinery store in a wooden building which stood on the north corner of Maine and Green Streets. Here the}' remained for at least five years, and then removed to a building which stood where the Mason Street Church now stands. Subsequently ]Mrs. Boardman moved into Dunlap Block, in the store now occupied by B. G. Dennison, where she continued for many years in the millinery and dress-making business, adding to her stock a large variety of dry goods. At the same time Miss Giddings, '' Dolly" Gid- dings as she was called, traded in an old building which stood on the corner of Maine and O'Brien Streets, where is now the residence of Mr. Benjamin Greene. Here she traded until her death in 1870. Her stock was always large and of superior quality, and comprised not only millinery goods, but almost every conceivable article of feminine apparel. Her counters and shelves were piled promiscuously with all sorts of articles and apparently in the greatest disorder, yet she could always quickly find any desired article, no matter how deeply it might be covered with other things. After her death the goods were sold at auction, and many were the articles of ancient costume which were brought to light and sold for a small sum, which once would have cost much and could have been purchased only by the more wealthy citi- zens. Of those at a later date Miss Harriet N. Houghton, about 1854, and Mrs. B. G. Dennison, 1838 to 18G0, should be specially mentioned. The first Tin Shop of which there is any record was that kept by G. W. Coffin, opposite the colleges, in 1821. After him were William Prescott, II. M. Prescott, Horace P. Hubbard, and others. Of all COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 589 who have been in this bnsiness in Brnnswiek, Mr. Benjamin Furbish is justl}' entitled to the first rank, he having been engaged in it from 1835 to 18G(;, a period of thirty-one jears. His business was, at first, that of the manufacture of tinware, to which was afterward added the sale of stoves, hardware, agricultural implements, crockery, and glassware. He was the inventor and manufacturer of one of the first cooking-stoves made in the country'. He was the first person in Brunswick to keep a general assortment of hardware. PEICES. An account of the various trades and occupations of the settlers having been given, it will be appropriate here to mention the prices which have prevailed, from time to time, of the necessaries of life and the wages paid for labor. The earliest mention of the price of live stock is in 1635. At this time the current price for good oxen, in New England, was £25 each, for the best. It is not probable that any were owned here at that time. The following inventor}^ of the Pejepscot proprietors' stock at Brunswick, their list of goods for sale, and the cost of the provision made for their cattle in 1715, will serve to show not only the cost, but the character of the articles in town at that date. Where more than one article of the same kind is given, the reader can make his own calculation as to the price of each. The lime which stands at the head of the list was sold in hogsheads (containing one hundred pounds, and the price was twenty-one shillings per hogshead, probabl}' exclusive of the barrel. The following is the list of the Stock at Brunswick : — ^ 40 hhdf of Stone Lime £50 4 4 2 Yoiie of Oxeu 29 1 Cart horse 750 Cart, Collars & tackling 8 12 2 Cows with Calf 900 4 Swine 700 1 Canoe & 2 boat oars 2 5 10 James Irish our Serv't man 9 16 Books of Accts & Records 12 6 1 Plow 20/ Timber chain 28/ 2 8 Silvanus Davis' Laud of Nelson 40 15 Axes 416 2 Iron Crows 150 1 Pejepscot Records. 590 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 6 hoes 25/ G Hatchets 21/ 3 Spades 22/G : 3 Shovels 12/ 4 mauls 10/ 1 fork &c 10/ 1 Grindstone 6/ Rope 30 2 Compasses 1 peck & i peck Cakgo for sale b}' proprietors at Brunswick, 1715 Smiths tools, as per bill Carpenters tools 1 Tierce Hum 1 bbl Molasses . 1 Tierce Sugar . 4 Jackets & Breeches 1 Watchcoat 1 bb : of roU'd Tobacco 2, 1, 12 of Iron at 40/ 10 cheeses . 2 Ijbs of salt 1 doz yarn hose 6 mill'd caps 2 gro. short pipes 10c hard soap Pkovision for Cattle &, Keeping this winter 3 Bundles screwed hay 4 load of salt hay 20 bushells oats . Keeping hogs in Town 1 hh<.' Indian Corn 1 hhd of Oats 2 bush. Corn & Bag . Getting Cattle on board Water hhds . (1 , £2 6 1 14 6 1 1 16 8 3 £178 13 2 . 1 £9 13 6 8 6 6 10 12 3 16 7 10 6 4 4 1 5 3 18 9 4 14 10 2 18 6 1 16 6 1 6 1 1 8 6 8 £64 10 2 15-16) : — 2 . £20 G 4 2 3 4 10 3 8 3 1 8 9 11 6 3 £14 16 4 On the cover of the Records from which the above is taken is the following, "4 Q"" F. C. 12/ ," which probably means " four quires of foolscap. i)rice 12/." This entry was probably made at the time of the purchase of the book, and shows the value of paper at that time. In 1730 the Pejepscot proprietors paid for lumber as follows : — Pejepscot Records. 2 Ibid. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 591 To 700 boards £2 2 To 600 feet Merbi" & 500 ft refuse boards 2 11 0' During Revolutionar}^ times it cost one man the labor of half a month in hajdng-time to buy a pair of shirts. Men made it a condi- tion in their contracts, at that time, that, if they hired near the falls, they should not have salmon to eat oftener than five da^-s in a week, or if they hired near the salt-water bays, that the}' should not have wild fowl, clams, or fish more than three fourths of the time."^ A similar statement is often made in relation to other towns, and it is not at all improbable that such provisions were often, in olden times, inserted into the contracts between laborers and their employers quite generally throughout New England. In 1777 a list of prices for labor, provisions, etc., was fixed by a committee chosen by the town in accordance with an Act of the Gen- eral Court of Massachusetts, entitled " An Act to prevent Monopol}' and Oppression." In order that the present generation luay know somewhat of the expenses and mode of life of their forefathers, this list is inserted in this connection, just as it appears upon the records : — " Common Labour from y^ first of April to the last of Nov 3/ pr day and found as usual, and at other seasons of the year in proportion. " Mowing and Reaping 3/8 pr day and found as usual. Carpenters «fe Joyners 4/ p"' day & found as usual. " Meti taylers 3/ pr da}' & found. " Oxen 2/8 pr day. ■' Good Marchantable Wlieet 7/6 per B'. Good Rye 5/ pr B'. Oates 3/ pr B^ " Good Indian Corn or Meal 4/4 pr B'. •' Good Slieeps ivool 2/ pr pd. '' English Hay S/ pr II"^. Salt Hay 2/ pr H^ " Good fresh jDork well fatted 6"^ pr pd. •' Salt Pork l^\)v\)d. " Good Beef Z^ pr pound and Beef of an inferiour kind in proportion. " Raw Hides 3*^ pr pd. " Calve Skins G*^ pr pound. " Sole Leather 1/3 pr pound and upper leather in proportit)n. " Good Marchantable Salt 10/ pr BU. Salt made from sea water in the State 12/. * Pejepscot Papers. 2 McKeen, MS. Lecture, 592 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. " Good West India Bum 6/8 by the IP including the Cask & 6/10 hj the Barrel! exclusive of the Barrell. 7/8 by the single gall and 2/ by the Qnart & so in proportion for a smaller quantity. " New England Bum 3/10 by the H'* or BU exclusive of 13/4 for the H** & 4/ for the Bll, 4/6 by the Gall with a reasonable allowance for transporting it from where it is Distil** & smaller quantity in proportion, " West India toddy 1/ pr mug. " Neio E. Do 9** pr mug. " Oates 3** pr quart. " Horse Keeping 1/10 pr night. " Good Flax 1/ pr pound. " Spa7ii!ih Potatoes 1/2 in the fall 1/6 in the Spring or Sum'. " Other Potatoes 1/6 in the fall & 2/ in the Spring or Summer. "• Gease 7/. " Beans (]/ pr B". " Bidter 10** p"' single p** & O** by the firkin. " Good Cheese manufactured in this State 6** pr pound. .,Good Broini Sugar S^ pr Hundred & 8^ pr the single p**. ''Molasses 3/4 by the Hog'' inclusive of the H"* & 3/8 by the B" exclusive of the B" and 4/ by the gallon. " Good Yarn StocJcens 6/8 pr pair. " Mens Shoes made of good neat Leather of the Best Common Sort 8/ pr pair and for others in like proportion according to their size and qualit}'. " Good Salt Beef:^h'^ pr pound. " Cotton Wool 3/8 pr pound. " Good Coffy\/\ pr pound. " Good yard ivide Cotton & Linen 4/ pr y"* and other widtlis in proportion. "• Good Mutton, Lamb & Veal 4'* pr pd. " Good White Pine Boards 36/ pr thousand. " Good Marchantahle White Pine Shingles 8/ pr thousand." Men were allowed for work on the highways thirty dollars each per day. The use of a plough* was five dollars per da}'. The price of a pair of army shoes was set by that of seven pecks of corn, and the price of a' blanket by that of four bushels of corn. In 1778 provisions were still dearer, and one man said that he had to pay three silver dollars for one bushel of corn.^ This excessive ^McKeen, Manuscript Lecture. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 593 price was not, it will be seen, due to the depreciation of the currenc}'. It was owing to the fear of a famine, aiid was not lasting. Yet there was a very great and rapid depreciation in the value of the currency between 1777 and 1781, which caused much financial distress. On January 1, 1777, one hundred dollars in silver was worth but one hundred and five dollars in currency. In 1778 the worth of the same silver had increased to $328 in currency; in 1779, to $742 ; in 1780, to $2,934 ; and^ in February, 1781, it was worth $7,500. The following bill for repairs, made upon the east meeting-house in 1785, is inserted in this place to show the cost of labor and the prices of carpenters' materials, etc., immediately after the close of the Revolutionary war. Mr. Peterson, who made, or superintended, the repairs, probably prepared the boards and other lumber used at his mill at New Meadows River. The amount charged for grog is quite reasonable, considering that the labor lasted for four if not five days, and that the customs of the time allowed an almost unlimited use of this beverage. " Ma3' ye 25. 1785 the town of Brunswick Dr to John Peterson for James Wookflelds Bill to 4 m of shingles at 12/ to d m of Claboard Nails 3/ . to h ra Uiible tens 7/ 500 board most Clear 30/ timber for the porch & scafi'old G/i Day work with team 6/ 2 m shingle nails at 4/ 300 feet Boards 12/ . paid for one & half Days work 10/ Grog for Carpenters 1/6 350 feet boards for staging 15/ 40 feet pine timber . hailing timber & boards 3/ 2 m shingle nails 8/ 1 m Claboard nails G/ 8^ pound of shingle nails 10/ 4i m of shingles at 12/ Si pomid Dubble tens 7/7 pound Shingle nails 8/ . 12 pound more of Shingle nails 3 & 4 m . 5 gU fish oyl at 2/8 3 Day work of my self & Weston at 3/ . 14 Day work more my self 2 mugs Grog for Carpenters 1/G l4 mugs more 1/2 3G 2 11 " A true Coppy from my book Drawn oflf this 5 Day of April 1790, by me " John Peterson." From a daj-^-book of Mr. Jotham Stone, kept in 1806 and 1807, the following interesting facts are obtained : — A common laborer, in those days, received seventy-five cents for a 20 17 5 2 11 C 1 17 12 1 11 G 1 1 11 16 2 17 15 14 13 4 18 6 2 8 ^ History of Concord, Mass., p. 123. 38 594 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. da^^'s work, — from sunrise to sunset. Female help received four shillings a week. A seamstress or dress-maker received twent3--flve cents a day ; a tailoress, two shillings. These avocations, with spin- ning and weaving, constituted the whole range of female labor. Ver}- few dress goods were sold ; people wore those of their own manufacture, of cotton and wool. A calico or a cambric were the go- to-meeting dresses for the masses. It was only tlie rich who sported silks, and those were heirlooms. The largest quantity' of calico sold b}' Mr. Stone to one person, dur- ing the year, was to Mr. Samuel INIelcher, twenty-three yards, at a cost of ten dollars and fift}* cents. 'J "his made four dresses^ — large jKitterns, too ! The onl}' readA-made clothing for men was dye-pot bine woollen pants (the^' were called trousers then) , just as the cloth came from the loom, at one dollar and sevent3'-five cents per pair. Among the goods sold b^' Mr. Stone were bonnets at from one dollar and twent3-fi\e cents to five dollars and fifty cents, muff's and tippets, laces and ribbons, silks, shawls, silk hose, books, hardware, provisions, groceries, and Avhat was then considered an indispensable necessary- of life and a test of hospitality in every house, rum, brand}', gin, and wine. Nearly every customer, from the Rev. Mr. to the tenant of the gutter, had it charged to him. Liquors were then cheap. Good old Santa Croix was onl}' one dollar and seven- teen cents, and brandy and gin one dollar and fifty cents per gallon. Next to hquors it is surprising to note the quantit}' of cheese sold at eighteen to twenty cents per pound. Sugar, tea, coffee, and tobacco were the next most prominent articles. There was a kind of tobacco done up in a cord and wound into balls, like wicking, wliich was called ladies' twist, and a coarser kind called pigtail, botli of which were sold by the yard. Of flour very little was sold. The people lived on home-grown grain. During the 3'ear there were but two whole barrels charged. One of these was to Reverend B. Titcomb, ten dollars and fiftj' cents ; and the other was to Reverend J. McKeen. Two half barrels were sold to two individuals ; two others bought each one dollar's worth, being fourteen pounds. Doubtless some flour was paid for on deliv- er}', but probably ver}' little, as nearly everj'bod}- had an account in those days. From the same day-book the following list of prices in 1806-7 is made up, which is compared with another list, obtained from the COMMERCIAL 'HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 595 Brunsimck Telegraph in 1853. The reader can make his own com- parison with the prices of the present day. Akticles. Batter, per pound . Corn brooms Broadcloth, per 3'ard . Bar soap, per lb. lieef, per cwt. . Pork, round hogs, lb, . Pork, clear lb. . Bi'own sugar, cwt. . Loaf sugar, lb. . llj^son tea, lb. . Souchong, lb. Bohea, lb Cheese, lb Tobacco, lb White lead, lb. . . . Linseed oil, gall. Spirits turpentine . Wrought nails, per 100 4p. and 6p. nails per lb. lOp. nails per lb. Cuba coffee, lb. India cotton, yd. British cotton, 3-d. . Eggs, doz Glass, per 100 ft. . . Glass, 8 by 10, per light Lamb and mutton, lb. Veal, lb Chickens, lb. ... Geese, lb Turkey, lb Salmon, lb Molasses, gall. . Vinegar, gall. Cotton wool, lb. . . Cask raisins, lb. PRICE CURRENT. 1806-7. 20-25 50 . . . . $4-8. 17 . . . . 4.50 10-12 20 . . . . 14. 28-30 . . . . 1.50 . . . . 1. 50 17-20 25 25 . . . . 1.50-1.75 . . . . 1.50 . . . . 1.00 17 . . . . .10 40 30 58 15-i7 . . . . 15.00 10 06-07 08-10 06-08 07 08 08 58 33 35 17 1853. .20-25 .20-25 ^2-4. .06-08 5-7. .07-08 .12 6-7.50 .09-10 .67 .33-40 .25 .10-12 .25 .08-09 .80 .75-80 .25 .05 .05 .10 .05 .13 .10-20 4.50 .03 .06-07 .06-08 .08-12 .08 .10-12 .20-25' .25' .17-20 .07-08 .12 596 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Akticles. 1806-7. 1853. Box raisins, lb .25 . . .17-20 Figs, lb 20 .17 Cranberries, qt .12j- .10 Corn, bnsh $1.00 Hay, 100 lbs 2.00 $1.00 Table-salt, bush 3.00 Saleratus, lb .25 .07 Nutmegs, per oz .67 .08 Lemons, cloz .75 .37 Rice, lb 08 .05 Starch, lb 50 .17 Lard, lb 18 .16 Oats, bush .79 .50 Dry cod-fish, lb .06 .05 Crackers, doz .17 .08 Potatoes, bush .50 .50 Barn shovels 1.00 .50-02 Hoe .75 .50 ^xe 2.00 .75 1.00 Hammer Cahco ■ . . . .56 .10 Black and white cambric .... 1-1.50 .17-50 Tallow candles .25 .17 Flour, bbl 10.50 6-8.50 The following was the price current in September, 1820 : — Apples (per bushel) ... 25 to 37 cents. Butter .... 14 " 16 " Barley . 16 " 70 '• Beef . 4 " 6 " Corn . 70 " 80 "• Cheese 6 " 10 •' Fo"o"s 10 -'-'»»'' Oats . 37 " 42 '' Pork, fresh 5 " 8 - Poultry . 6 " 10 '' Potatoes 28 " 33 " Lamb . 4 Wood, per cord . $2.00 Lumber, raer chani able . • $7-.0 t( ) 8.00 COMMERCIAL HISTORT OF BRUNSWICK. 597 According to tradition, tlie Indians used to come from tlie head- waters of the Kennebec, and even from Canada, to gather the bhie- berries upon our plains. This crop has always been a source not only of pleasure to the housewives of this vicinity, but of real profit to the town. How much the sale of this berrj' has aggregated dnring the past half-century it is impossible even to approximately judge, but the statement of the Brunswick Telegraph in 1872, that Mr. C\ E. Townsend alone had bought of one family, during the previous sum- mer, berries to the amount of one hundred and twenty-five dollars, will show that the value of the crop is by no means to be under- valued. In the earlier days of all our New England settlements tlie use ot ardent spirits as a beverage was a common habit with all classes, and the. town now under consideration offered no exception to the rule. On the contrary, the sale of liquors in this town was, as the following statement shows, immense. AMOUNT OF LIQUOKS SOLD AT BRUNSWICK FROM ArEIL, 1812, TO APRIL, 1813.1 Amount. Galls. iiigto John Swartkin sold iu one j^ear : — W. I. Rum 557 N. E. " 344 Brandy 126 Gin 80 Wine 176 1,283 = $2,292 00 D. & R. Duulap sold in one year : — W. L Rum 1,692 Gin 60 Brandy 30 1,782 = 2,382 00 Sold by N. Poor in six months : — W. I. Rum 125 N. E. " 120 Brandy 38 Gin 30 Wine 15 328 = 528 00 Capt. Tappan sold in one year : — W. I. Rum 215 N. E. " 105 Gin 96 Wine 64 480 = 651 50 1 This list is compiled from statements made hy each of tlie dealers named. The papers tvere found among those of Doctor Isaac Lincoln. 598 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. j\nionnt. Galls. ing to Amounts hrouffht forward, 3,873 $5,853 50 Sold by Nath. Badger in oue year : — W, I. Kuin 440 N. E " 500 Brandy 90 Gin 90 Wine 50 Cordials CO 1,230 = 1,599 00 Sold by J. Stone in one year : — . . . 432 432 = 530 00 Sold l)y D. Stone & Co in one year : — W. I. Kuni 819 N. E. " 585 Brandy 60 Wine 60 Gin 120 Sold by J. McKeeu in one year : — AY. I. Hum 505 N. E. " 692 Gin 52 Wine 92 Brandy 73 1,314 = 1,664 60 Thos. S. Estabrook sold in oue year : — . 100 100 = 400 00 -1,644 = 2,292 00 Total 8,593 = $12,339 10 In the opinion of the dealers, one third of the liquor sold was carried out of town. The foregoing statement was probably prepared at the instance of the Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell Society for the Prevention of Intemperance. In 1819 there were ten stores in the town, at all of which ardent spirits were kept for sale. It is said that " even respectable women claimed their right to take a social glass around the hogshead, turned up for a table, in the retailer's store." It must be remembered that this custom of public drinking prevailed at that time throughout the whole country'. A few years later, the respectable traders, with but one exception, quit the business. Captain Daniel Stone was the first one who refused to sell liquor b}' the glass. The first store where no liquor was sold was kept in about 1825 b}- Jesse Pierce, from Monmouth. The traders in Brunswick at this time were the raoue^'ed men. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 699 Nearly all the money of the place was in their hands, and consequently many young men, who came here between 1820 and 1830 to enter upon business, failed in consequence of giving their debtors too much scope. ^ POPULATION. Since the amount of business transacted in an}' town bears some relation to the population of the place, the number of citizens in Bruns- wick at different periods is here given, in order that the reader may be able to form a correct judgment as to the comparative prosperity of the town at different times. Two years before the incorporation of the town, there were between thirty and forty persons in town.^ Assuming the rate of increase to have been uniform between 1735 and 1790, the population of the town in 1740 may be set down at one hundred and sixty. The following is the census of the town for every 3'ear since 1740 that we have been able to obtain it, down to 1810. From the latter date to the present, the census is given for each ten years. In 1765 there were 173 families, 139 males under sixteen 3-ears of age, 149 above sixteen, 114 females under, and 98 over sixteen, and four negroes. The total, exclusive of Indians, was 506. In 1771 there were two slaves ; the number of whites is not given. In 1776 the population was, white, 867. In 1778 there were males above sixteen, 198; Revolutionary sol- diers (who enlisted for three 3'ears), 33. ^ In 1790 the population was 1,387 ; 1810, 2,682 ; 1820, 2,931 ; 1830, 3,547 ; 1840, 4,259 ; 1850, 4,976 ; 1860, 4,723 ; 1870, 4,727. VALUATION OF itEAL ESTATE AND PERSONAL PROPERTY. Under this heading is given the valuation of the town at such periods as we have been able to ascertain it. 'In 1758 the valuation of the east end of the town was : Polls, 44 ; real estate, £521 12s. 8cL ; personal property, £452 Is. Total, £973 13s. Scl. The richest man in that portion of the town was Aaron Hinkley, whose property was assessed at £91 4s. The valuation of the west end of the town was : Polls, 48 ; real estate, £820 3s. 4cZ. ; personal property, £652 4s. Total, £1,472 7s. 4d. 1 Griffin's Press of Maine, p. 72, note. 2 Williamson, History of Maine, 2, p. 101. note. 3 The above is from Massadmsctis Archives, Book 185, p. oiU. 600 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. The richest man in that section of the town, and in the town, was Samuel Stanwood, whose property was assessed at £151. !Next to him in wealth was John Minot, whose property" was assessed at £146 10s. Captain James Thompson, Cornelius Thompson, Nathaniel Larrabee, and Isaac Snow, at the east end, and John Smart, John Orr, the Widow Simpson, Samuel Clark, Thomas Skolfield, the Widow Dunning, Captain William Woodside, Robert Spear, and David Dun- ning, at the west end, were each possessed of property' valued at over £50.1 The total valuation of the whole town at this time was £2,560 Qs. Gd.' The following is an inventory of the taxable property in 1762 : — ^ East End. West End. Polls 71 71 Cows 60 152 Oxen 36 62 Horses 17 31 Sheep 47 263 Swine 41 109 Mar,sh hay ( ?) . . . 102 89 Mills .... . 4 2 The valuation of the town in 1765 was : Polls, 149 ; east end, £1,477 14s. ; west end, £2,292 5s. Total, £3,769 19s. As certified to by the assessors, it was £3,732 2s. ; but this difference is probably due to an error on their part in summing up their totals. Thomas INIinot was the richest man in town at that time, his prop- ert}' being valued at £123 6s. ^ The number of houses that jear was seventj'-three. In 1771 the valuation of the town was : Polls, 172 ; real estate, £422 2s. ; amount of mone}' at interest more than the parties paid interest for, £33 13s. 4(/. ; the value of personal propert}- not given. The valuation of the town in 1776 was : East end, £7,990 7s. ; Avest end, £11,960 13s. Benjamin Stone was the richest man in town at that time, his prop- erty being valued at £712 ; John Dunlap's at £700 ; William Stan- wood's at £605 ; Vincent Woodside's and Aaron Ilinkley's, each at £548 ; David and Andrew Dunning's, Samuel Stanwood's. Thomas Skolfield's, Cornelias and James Thompson's, George Coombs's, and Nathaniel Larrabee's, each at from £300 to £400. 1 Pejepscot Papers. 2 McKeen, iJS Lecture. ^ Pejepscot Papers. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK. 601 In 1791 the valuation for the east end was : Polls, 321 ; real and per- sonal estate, £0,934 16s. The richest person at that time in that part of the town was Captain John Peterson, whose property was estimated at £830 Is. Sd. The valuation for that year of the west end has not been found, but the following is an inventory of the taxable property of that sec- tion of the town that 3-ear: Polls, 87 ; houses, 44 ; shops, 3 ; barns, 43 ; mills (taxed here), 1 -f ; acres of tillage, 1661 ; of EngUsh mow- ing, 381 ; of fresh meadow, 5 ; of salt marsh, 53 ; of pasture, 306 ; of unimproved land, 4,279 ; tons of vessels, 400 ; horses, 48 ; oxen, 112 ; neat cattle, 237 ; cows, four years old, 191 ; swine, 77. Of the improved land Thomas Skolfield, Senior, Thomas Pennell, and Daniel Given each owned twenty acres. Captain Thomas Skol- field owned more unimproved land and pasture than any one else, his quantity being two hundred and seventeen acres. Of the horses, Doctor Goss, Thomas Pennell, Thomas Skolfield, and Benjamin Chase each owned two. Of oxen, Robert Spear, Thomas Pennell, Samuel Hewe}', John Crips, Benjamin Chase, Lewis Simpson, Joseph Melcher, and Vincent Woodside, Senior, each owned four. Robert Spear also owned fourteen neat cattle, eight cows, and five swine. Thomas Pen- nell also owned eight cows. The subsequent valuations of the town were as follows : — Year. Valuation. Polls taxed. 1810 .... $325,280 480 1820 .... 403,793 510 1841 .... 815,178 730 1850 .... 1,107,822 1860 .... 1,421,091 706 1870 .... 1,834,039 916 The most prosperous period in the history of the town, unless the present may be called so, was undoubtedly between 1820 and 1850. In 1820 there were more than twenty stores, well filled with goods, and numerous mechanic shops of different kinds. There were one hundred and twent3'-five houses in the village, besides five hotels and five places of public worship. ^ The eastern part of the town, New Meadows, was at that time gaining rapidly in commerce and fisheries. For the three years between 1820 and 1824, the number of buildings erected in the village was sixt3'-four. Probably this was as large a number, in proportion 1 Putnam, op. cit. 602 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. to the population, as has ever been erected here within that space of time. Of tliis number, twenty-three were handsome dwellings and seven were stores. The remainder were mechanic shops, etc. In 1S36, Brunswick Village contained the colleges, the cotton and woollen factories, nearly four hundred dwellings, fort}' stores, three printing-offices, two banks, two hotels, one iron foundry, two machine- shops, two flour-mills, and twentj' saw-mills. Seven stages arrived and departed daily, and often three or four extra ones. Union Street contained about a dozen houses ; O'Brien Street, three or four ; and Pleasant Street was filled nearly to Powder-House Ilill.i 1 Pioneer and Key, 1836. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 603 CHAPTER XXI. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. An account of the dams built across the river between Brunswick and Topsham has been given in the preceding chapter, but to that account it may be added that there is good reason for believing that what is called the long, or lower dam extended originally from Shad Island to the small island just west of whei'e it now ends, at the head of " the drain " on the Topsham side. The mills were built from the small island mentioned to the main island in Topsham, and the water came around the island, passing through the gate and under the mill. In 1807 a wooden sluice from the mill on the upper dam, across the island to the river, below the Granny-Hole Mill, was constructed b}' Mr James Rogers, of Phipsburg (father of the late Rufns Rogers), and Ezra Smith (father of St. John Smith, of Portland). At the Topsham end of what is now the factory dam, the ledge was blasted to a depth of about ten feet, through which the sluice passed ; thence it went along on the ledge just south of the Rogers house ; thence across the little cove at the foot of Rogers's hill ; thence across Jesse Wilson's garden and the sand-bed, to the island, where it passed under the road about midwa}- between the short bridge and where the black- smith's shop now stands, and thence to the river below. J^zra Smith, Cornelius Thompson, and others were incorporated on June 20 of this year, with all the necessary powers for constructing and using this sluice, under the name of " The Proprietors of the Topsham Sluiceway. "1 This sluice was destroyed by a freshet in 1814, but though it did not long serve for its intended purpose, the building of it proved of great value as the means of inciting to the study of an- other science the author of the first American work on mineralog}'.^ In 1871 a substantial stone fishway was made at the factoiy dam. 'I'o construct it the ledge on the northwest end of the dam was cut through. The fishway is on the Topsham side of the dam, at the ' Masi^achv setts Special Acts, 1K07. 2 Vide Maine Historical Collection, Vol. 7, Wood's Eidogy on Cleaveland. 604 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. lower side of the point. The lieight of the fall at tliis place is eigh- teen feet. A year or two later a wooden fishway was put in on the lower dam next to Shad Island. These were not, however, the earliest fishways, for as earh' as 1789 the fish-wardens were instructed b}' the town of Topsham to see that the dams were opened so that fish could pass.^ SAW-MILLS. From an entry made in the records of the Pejepscot proprietors, it would appear that the first mill in Topsham was erected as early as the year 1716. On September 10 of that 3-ear the proprietors desired Captain Peter Nowell to build a small house near their tniU at Cat- hance Falls, to clear sufficient ground for depositing logs and boards, to get logs cut, and to put the mill in the best condition. He was also desired to look out the two most advantageous places for building saw-mills, and to prepare " running Gear for one Mill with two Saw^s against the Spring." On November 28, Mr. Samuel Came otfered to build the running gear for a mill for two saws for £27, the mill itself for £30, and the dam, " at such a Fall as Cathance is described to be," for £30 ; and his otfer was, in part at least, accepted. On October 14, 1717, the proprietors agreed to let the Cathance Mill to Lieutenant Heath for three years. He was to run it and keep it in repair, and they were to have one-fourth part of the boards, plank, joists, and other lumber cut at the mill. It was also a part of the contract that no boards should be sold to persons outside of the pro- prietors' territory until all the settlers in it were supplied.'^ It would seem, however, that Lieutenant Heath either declined the contract or forfeited his right, for on November 11, 1719, this mill was sold to Messrs. Minot & Winthrop, in equal halves, for £90. The proprie- tors also A'oted at this time " that the two branches ^ of the western stream of Cathance River be assigned to Messrs. AVentworth & Noyes, the}' pi'oposing to build thereon," and that 1,000 acres of land should be laid out to each mill."* Nothing further is found in regard to the mills upon the Cathance until 1750. This j'car Samuel Winchell settled upon that river, and erected saw-mills. He acquired, with Jacob Eaton, a joint title to this property, b}- virtue of a deed from Isaac Royall, dated November 15, 1750. This deed conveyed five hundred acres, and all of Ro^-all's right in the stream. Winchell seems to have become one fourth pro- prietor of the Cathance Mill right, embracing 1,100 acres. ^ * Town Records, 1789. '^Pejepscot Records. ^In Bnvuhnnham. * Pejepscot Records. ^ Winchell Genealogy. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 605 On December 28, 1757, Samuel Winchell sold to Adam Hunter one hundred and twenty-five acres of land, one eighth of a double saw- mill, and a stream called the western branch of Cathance River.i James Hunter is a grantee in a deed from Stephen Gatchell, of Topsham, dated Jul}' 27, 1759, of one hundred and twenty-five acres of upland in the mill-right on the Cathance, and one fourth of the uppermost saw-mill. On June 15, 1761, Adam Hunter, Samuel Winchell, James Hunter, Samuel Staples, Joseph Graves, Samuel Graves, John Fulton, and John Patten purchased the Cathance mill-right, containing 1,100 acres, and the stream called the western branch of the Cathance, and a double saw-mill. Of this raill and stream Adam Hunter had one eighth ; Samuel Winchell, one fourth ; James Hunter, one eighth ; Samuel Staples, one eighth ; Joseph Graves, one eighth ; Samuel Graves, one eighth ; John Fulton, one sixteenth ; and John Patten, one sixteenth "^ On January 24, 17G4, Samuel Winchell gave a deed to William Thorne and Robert Clark of one fourth of a saw-mill and stream, "being the uppermost mills on Cathance," and also one fourth of a mill-right of thirt}- acres. On February 13, 17G5, W^inchell sold to James and Robert Fulton " one sixteenth of y* double saw and stream on y* lower falls at Cathance." 3 Of these two mills one was on the lower falls, where the mill is now, and the other upon the upper falls. The first mills in Topsham upon the Androscoggin River were erected prior to 1772. Merrill's map of Brunswick, of the above date, includes the river and shows one mill at the Topsham end of both the upper and middle dam, and one on the Granny-Hole Stream. The latter was the first one erected. It was built some time between 1751)^ and 1765.5 It was built by a Mr. Hodge, and the privilege is called the '• Hodge Mill privilege" to this day. The stream is that which flowed through the natural drain already mentioned This mill stood until it rotted down. It was rebuilt about 17.S9, but was burned in 1796 and rebuilt the next j'ear. In 1807 it was carried off by a freshet. A new one was built in the same place the next 3'ear, but was carried away in like manner in 1814. The next mill was built on the middle dam about 1770. It was called the " Patten Mill," and was owned by Captain Actor Patten, 1 Winchell Genealogy. ^Lincoln County Register of Deeds, 1, p. 90. 3 Winchell Genealogy. *PeJepscot Papers, Merrill's Statement. ^ Ibid., Haley's Statement. 606 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Pelatiah find John Ilale^', and at one time, in part, by Nathaniel Quint. It filled up the space between the mainland where the stone fishway now is and the island or rock op|)osite, and the head gate was where tlie present dam is. The mill was carried awa}^ in 1814 by a freshet, but was rebuilt about 1818, and was in existence as late as 1829. The Rogers INIill on the upper dam was built about 1770 and had at first onl}' a wing dam.^ This mill was carried away b\' a freshet in 1843, unless it had been previously carried away and rebuilt, but was rebuilt immediately. The new mill was destroyed b3' fire in 1850. The mills near the toll-house were first built in the summer of 1784,2 ]3y Brigadier Thompson and others. They were finished with four saws under one roof. They were carried away by a freshet the same 3"ear, but were rebuilt the next 3'ear under two roofs, from which thej' acquired the name of "The Double" or "Great" Mills, which name the}' alwa3-s retained. The changes that have occurred in mill propert}' have been too niimerous to be given in full, and therefore onl}- such will be men- tioned as have happened to come to hand. In 1798, Samuel Thompson sold to Benjamin Jones Porter and William King his share, or one-fourth part, of the Great Saw-Mill for $666.66.3 About 1800, Elijah Hall and Cornelius Hall, of Brunswick, owned or else leased the Great Mill. In 1804, Jairns Fuller sold to Gideon and Nathaniel Walker, for three hundred and fifty dollars, one-fourth part of one saw in the Great Mills. The owners of the rest of the saw privilege were William King and Thomas Thompson.'* 'I hompson sold his part to Roger Merrill in 1808. Besides the mills already' mentioned there was, at a later date, on the GranuA'-Hole Stream, about on the site of the present flour- mill, one called the new Hodge Mill. Next south of where the flour- mill stands was one called the Granny-Hole Mill, and next below that was the " P^mbargo " Mill, so called from its being built while the Embargo laws were in force. In 1791, llumphre}' Purinton came to town, and engaged almost exclusively in the lumber business, which he pursued until a few years before his death, in 1840. In 1817, the Great Mills were owned or occupied by Haskell «fe ^ Pejepscot Papers, Haley' s Statement, ^ P^epscot Papers. ^ Ihid. *Ibid. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 607 Bowman, Samuel, Enoch, Jabez, and Nahum Perkins, and John and William Barron. Most of these gentlemen continued in the business for many years. This same year Hugh Wilson and Major William Frost owned the Grann^'-Hole Mill, and James Rogers owned the Rogers Mill, on the upper dam. In the fall of this same 3'ear, David Scribner engaged in the business and continued in it, in Topsham, until 1838. James Haley and John Wentworth were also engaged in the business in 1817. About 1837, Nathaniel Green and others built and occupied a small saw-mill on the Granny-Hole Stream, near his residence. About 1845, Charles E. White sawed shingles and did a large busi- ness in the mill previously occupied b}' William W^hitten as a carding- mill. Others who were prominent in the business at different periods within this centur}' were Henr}- and Stephen Jewell, Gardiner and Nathaniel Green, Alfred and Sanford Perkins, Alfred White, and Rufus Rogers. The onl}' saw-mill now in operation is that of W. B. Purinton and D. A Hall. Valentine G. and Eben Colby commenced business near the Androscoggin Bridge, in Topsham, in Januar}', 1849, for the manu- facture of sash, doors, and blinds, under the firm name of V. G. & E. Colby. This firm continued in business until 1850, when the senior partner sold out to Sampson Colb}', and the business was con- tinued by S. & E. Colby until Maj- 27, 1859, at which time they moved to Brunswick. The building in which their business was carried on was afterwards moved across the street, and is now used as the machine and repair shop of the papex'-mill. GRIST AND FLOUR MILLS. According to traditionary accounts, there was a grist-mill on the Topsham end of the lower dam, previous to the erection of the Great Mills. There was one on the Granny-Hole Stream between 18021 and 1808,^ the machinery of which was in the Granny-Hole Mill. It was owned by Colonel Abel Merrill, Pelatiah Hale}', and Joseph Hale}'. This portion of the mill was used as a grist-mill until about 1854. Mr. Daniel Hall was the miller both befoi'e and for many 3'ears subse- quent to 1844. 1 Reminiscences of James Wilson and of Mrs. Nathaniel Greene. 2 Pejepscot Papers. 608 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In 1856, Francis T. Purinton built the Topsliam flour-mill. It was afterward owned b}^ Woodbury B. Purinton and Isaac P. Tebbetts, and then by Woodbury- B. Purinton alone. Mr. Jason Riple}', of Bruuswiek, was the contractor for the work, which cost over $10,000. This mill is thirty-eight b^- fort3--five feet, and is equal to three stories in height, with an attic and basement. In 1874 this mill passed into the hands of Purinton, Beaumont, & Co. Its capacit}' is sufficient for the manufacture of from 5,000 to 6,000 barrels of flour and 15,000 bushels of corn per 3'ear. It is well equipped with the necessar}' machiner}', of the best quality, for both merchant and custom grinding. WOOLLEN-MILLS. In 1802, and probal)l3' earlier, Joseph Haley had a fulling-mill in the basement of the Granny-Hole Mill. After a while he removed to the Patten Mill, on the middle dam, and the Grannj'-Hole Fulling- Mill was then occupied for some years hy John and Isaac Bi'o wn. Mr. Hale}' continued in the business at the Patten Mill until 1818, when he was succeeded by his son Abner, who carried it on until 1825 or 1826. Mr. William Whitten estabhshed, in 1828, a wool-carding mill on the Granny-Hole Stream, near its outlet, and ver}' near the residence of the late Nathaniel Greene, Esquire. Here he continued until 18-41, when he removed his.business to Brunswick. TOPSHAM PAPER-MILL. This mill was erected in the latter part of 1868, on the propert}' and under the superintendence of Sanford A. Perkins, for the Tops- ham Paper Companj-, a corporation of which Samuel R. Jackson was the president. This mill is from two hundred and twenty-five to two hundred and fifty feet long, and sixty-five feet wide. The main build- ing is three stories high, with an extension two stories high. This company failed, and the property was purchased at auction b}- W. H. & A. W. Parsons, September 16, 1874, for the sum of $80,000. An Act was passed by the legislature of Maine, February 4, 1875, incorporating the Bowdoin Paper INIanufacturing Company, with a capital not to exceed $150,000. This company' was organized on the nineteenth of the same month, aiid on the tenth of March the perma- nent officers were chosen. These were Adna T. Denison, treasurer, and F. C. Whitehouse, clerk. The mill contained at that time one Fourdrinier machine, four roll eiigines, one patent Jordan engine, one rotary, and two tub bleachers, and other machinerv necessary for a production of two and one half COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 609 tons of paper per day. There has been added since another fnll set of machinery, so that the mill now contains two Fonrdrinier machines (eightj'-eight and seventy-four respectively), nine roll engines, two patent engines, — one Jordan and one Kingsland, — two rotar}^ and two tub bleachers, with other machinery necessary for a production of five tons of paper daily, which the mill is now producing. Also the pres- ent company have fitted a machine-shop, put in wood and iron working machinery necessary for the mill repairs, and for the manufacture of an}' new machinery needed in the business. The compau}" at present employs fortj'-five males and thirt}' females. The}' manufacture book and wood newspaper. The stock of the company is owned by parties in New York Cit}- and Mechanic Falls, Maine. OTHER MANUFACTORIES. In addition to the foregoing mills there have been from time to time, or now are, manufactories. of various kinds, which cannot well be clas- sified and will, therefore, be mentioned alphabetically, as in the pre- ceding chapter. Brick-Yards. — The manufacture of bricks was carried on from about the year 1798, b}' Mr. David Flagg, on Summer Street, near Main Street, until 1847, when he was succeeded b}' his son Cyrus, who still continues the business at the same place. In some years 400,000 bricks have been made at this yard. About 18G5, Thomp- son & Blondell started a yard for brick and tile at the northern end of Pleasant Street. The business soon gave out, however, owing to deficiency and bad qualit}' of the clay. Derrick Manufactory. — In 1872 the Rowland Brothers estab- lished a shop for the manufacture of the Rowland Patent Car Derrick, which has met with good success. Feldspar Mill. — In 1869 The Trenton Flint and Spar Company, of Trenton, New Jersey, purchased the property where their mill now stands, and at the same time leased their quarries, then unopened. Work was soon after commenced and the quarries were operated. In 1872 a mill was built for grinding the feldspar. The ground feldspar is used in the manufacture of crockeiy by the various potteries at Trenton, New Jersey, to which place it is shipped. About a dozen men are employed in operating the quarries and grinding the spar. Mr. George D. Willes, of Bath, has been the superintendent from the commencement of operations until the present time. Marble Works. — For many years, up to as late a period as 1844, this business was conducted by Mr. Richard Adams. In 1845 he was 39 610 HISTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. succeeded by his son, Francis, who carried it on for a nnmber of 3'ears. The greater part of their business was the manufacture of gravestones. Match Manufactory. — Isaac Brown, about 1825, made matches and shipped tliem to other parties to be dipped. Nail Factory. — About 1815 or 1816 there was a nail factory on the upper side of AVinter Street, owned by Gardner Green. The brook furnished the water-power. The nails were cut b}^ a machine, but the heads were made b}' hand. Two men were emplo^'ed to do the work. Their names were Ives and Leach. Thej' are thought to have come from New Hampshire. This manufactory was run for a short time only. It was very nois}* in its operation. ^ Pitchfork Manufactory. — In 1845, James D. Simmons made and sold pitchforks in the building formerly occupied by William Whitten's fuUing-machines. These pitchforks were considered excellent at that time, though the}' would not compare well with those of the present day. Pottery. — As earl}- as 1796, Eli Cox had a pottery, and David Flagg worked at the business with him. It was situated at the foot of the hill on the south side of Winter Street. The stone for grinding the cla}- was at the brook near the road. A bridge crossed the brook at that place. In 1835 or thereabouts, a Mr. Barker had a pottery where Mallett's slaughter-house was at a later date. Shingle Manufactory. — About 1809 a Mr. Kelse}- invented a machine for cutting or shaving {not saiobuj) shingles. His machine was in the building at the end of the Granny-IIole Stream, which was at a later period occupied b}' William Whitten and Aaron Hink- ley. No description of this machine has been obtained, but it is remembered that a block of wood put into it was quicklj' cut into shingles. The machine was patented, and the mill bore the sign " Kelse3''s Patent Shingle Machine." It is said, however, that Kelsey failed and the macliine was run only a short time. There have been numerous shingle-machines in operation at a later date, but they hardly require particular notice in these pages. Tanneries. — About the year 1800, perhaps earlier, James Puring- ton had a tan-3'ard and a grist-mill on the brook that crosses the road just below the lower railroad bridge. In 1820 it was carried on by his son James, and the same spot is now occupied as a tanneiy l)y his grandson, Cyrus Purington. ' Reminiscences of Mr. James Wilson. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF TOPSIIAM. 611 From about 1.S25 till 1830, or later, Nalium Perkins kept a tanner}' and had a mill for grinding bark lor tanners' use, at the gully on AVin- ter Street. He sold out to Daniel Dennett. It is possible that some one preceded Mr. Perkins at that place. Tobacco Manufactorv. — Previous to 1815, Samuel Yeazie owned a tobacco manufactory on the north side of Winter Street, at the foot of the hill. How long the business was carried on is not known, TRADES. In giving an account of the various trades that have from time to time been carried on in Topsham and Harpswell, the same arrange- ment is used as in the last chapter. So far as practicable, the list is given in an alphabetical order, and first upon the list come Bakers. — The only bakery known to have been kept in this town was by Card & Gould, about 1800, on the corner of Main and Winter Streets, where Goud's store is now situated. Blacksmiths. — With the exception of farming, lumbering, and trad- ing, blacksmithing was the earliest business carried on in the town. Mr. John Patten, who came here about 1750, was a farmer, but had the trade of a blacksmith, and had a shop on his farm, where he emplo3'ed a portion of his time, and performed the blacksmith work of the vicinity. In 1802 there was a smith's shop about where Mr. Lar- rabee's house now stands ; also one kept by Francis Tucker, just south of what is now known as the Coffin house. Some time before 1812, Ezekiel Ilinkle}' began working at this trade in Topsham, and continued in it until about 1817, when he was suc- ceeded b}' his brother, Aaron Hinkle}', who carried it on till after 1840. In 1828 and subsequentl}' he occupied a portion of William Whitten's fulling-mill at the outlet of the Granny-Hole Stream, and had a trip- hammer, the only one, it is thought, ever used in this vicinitj". William Ellis carried on the blacksmithing business from 1822 to 1836, in a building which stood on the east side of the road on the island, not far south of the Grannj'-IIole Bridge. In 1836, Messrs. James Maxwell and Samuel Jameson commenced the business and carried it on until 1873, when the}' dissolved partner- ship, and the business has since been conducted by Mr. Jameson alone. Butchers. — The earliest persons known to have made it their special business to supply the citizens of this town with meat were Swett & Jaquis, in 1826. In 1849, Humphrey P. and William Mal- lett engaged in this business, and continued in it until 1862. Mr. 612 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARP SWELL. John Crowley has also been engaged in the business for a long time. Since l.Sfi2, Topsham has depended almost exclusivel}' npon the mar- kets of Brunswick. Cabinet-Makers. — Mr. Hugh Wilson, in 17G6, is the earliest cabi- net-maker mentioned.! In 1802 there was a cabinet-maker's shop where the Major Perkins house stands. It was kept by Luther Kim- ball. About 1825, Charles White and Isaac L. Cook went into the business. How long they pursued this occupation is not known. Carriage-Makers. — B. T. Bicknell, about 1837, commenced the manufacture of carriages. He continued in it here only a few years. Hatters. — The manufacture and sale of hats and caps was carried on in this toAYu by John Coombs, from about 1812 to 1820. He was quite celebrated in his business. He lived in the old red house in the Walker lot, and had his shop just below. At the time of the rush of emigrants to Ohio, he sold out and went to Cincinnati, where he became a rich and influential citizen. Subsequentl}' Jesse Richards was engaged in this business. The exact time Richards was here is not known, but it was probably between 1820 and 1830. He carried on business in the same place that Coombs did. Larrabee & Emery also had, at one time, a hatter's store where Robert P. Whitne}^ now keeps. Harness-Makers and Saddlers. — In 1850, C. A. Beny had a har- ness-maker's and saddler's shop in Topsham. Joiners. — In 1802, Samuel Towns had a joiner's shop in the yard now owned by Captain William S. Skolfield. Noah Tobe}' also had a shop in town at this time. Since then the number of carpenters and joiners has been too large to admit of their enumeration here. Shoemakers. — In 1802, there was a shoemaker's shop a few feet north of the residence of Mr Ephraim Griffin, and another about where the office of Mr. W. B. Purinton is now. The names of the proprietors are not known. About 1820, Andrew Dennison, who had made boots and shoes for some years previouslj-, was succeeded hy Samuel Knight, who con- tinued in the business until about 1838. At a later date Parker Nash carried on this business. Tailors. — The first tailor in Topsham to whom any reference has been found was Thomas Wilson, in 1775 and previousl}'. In 1802 a tailor by the name of Carr occupied a small house which stood just in front of where Deacon David Scribner now resides. Other tailors 1 Pejepscot Papers. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF TOPSIIAM. 613 known to have carried on business in this town were John Chambers, 1828; John Brown, 1840; Warren Hathorn, 1844; WilUam Heath, 1845 ; Frank T. Littlefield, 1850. Tin Shops and Stove Manufactories. — Mr. H. M. Prescott had a tin shop here as early as 1828, in a store which stood about where INFr. W. B. Purinton's office is now. In 1836, William H. Winslow had a tin shop and manufactured air-tight stoves for his customers. In 1844, H. P. Hubbard & Co. carried on the same business for several years. Weighers op Hay, etc. — Nathaniel Walker is supposed to have owned the first haj'-scales in town. They were of peculiar, though simple construction, as the accompanying engraving shows. The first patent scales (Fan-banks) were bought about 1839 by Gardner Greene, and were placed on the lot where the engine-house now stands. Isaac P. Tebbetts pui'chased the next scales, which were on Winter Street. TEADEES. There have never been in Topsham any stores devoted to a special branch of trade, unless the two first mentioned should be deemed such, but i\x&j have all been of the variety order, keeping a general assortment of goods. At the May term in 1761, William Wilson and Philip Higgins, both of Topsham, were licensed by the Court of General Sessions for 614: HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Lincoln County to sell tea and coffee. In 1764, William Reed, of Topshani, was licensed by the same court to sell tea Brigadier Thompson kept store near the site of the present depot, as early as 1790. It is probable that there were no regular stores in Topsham earlier than that date, but that the settlers relied on Bruns- wick for their supplies. In 1792, Joseph Hale}* was licensed as a retailer. Benjamin J. Porter and AViUiam King, under the name of Porter & King, kept near the southwest corner of \Yinter and Main Streets, from 1792 until 1802, or a few years later. Between 1794 and 1799, I^zra Smith, father of St. John Smith, of Portland, was in business here as a store-keeper, but not meeting with much success, moved awa}- about 1801. Isaac Johnson was also licensed as a retailer in 1792. About 1798, Kobcrt Labish and John Blanchard were engaged in trade here. Blanchard's store was on Green Street, about opposite Thompson Street. According to the statements of some of the aged people now living, these two were the first stores in town. In 1801, Ezekiel Winan, David Ilolden, Ezra Smith, James Cush- man, James Stone, John Morse, and Porter & King were all licensed as retailers. In 1802, James Stone, father of the late Colonel Alfred J. Stone, of Brunswick, kept store in a low, one-story building, on the spot where Mrs. Joshua Haskell now lives, on the corner of Main and Elm Streets. At that time there were woods back of it. Henry Wilson kept a store where Charles E. AVhite now does. James Cushman kept a store next south of AVhite's, and Thomas G-. & Nathaniel Sand- ford kept one where Mountford's shop now is, Thomas G. continuing in trade as late as 1829. Prior to 1815, Nathaniel Quint was in trade. His store was de- stroA'ed hy fire about the date given above. In 1819, Bowman & Haskell commenced to trade in the small house now occupied b}' Mrs. Berr^', opposite the blacksmith's shop on the Island, and continued for ten years or more. Between 1819 and 1829, and perhaps both earlier and later, George F. Richardson had a store in town. About 1820, Samuel and Nahum Perkins opened a general retail store. After a time Samuel sold out his interest to Nahum, who con- tinued it luitil 182G, when his store and stock were consumed b}' fire. He subsequently went into business again Green & Hallett kept store in 1820 in a wooden building where the bank is now. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. ' 615 From 1820 to 1834, Jonathan Baker kept store in a building which used to stand directly opposite the bank. The cellar of it still remains. From 1822 to 1825, perhaps longer, William Frost kept store in a building which stood about half-way between where W. B. Purinton's office now is and Summer Street. In the spring of 1825, John Tebbetts moved to Topsham, from Lisbon, and engaged in general trade, and also in the boot and shoe business. At first he was in partnership with Jeremiah Clough, under the title of Tebbetts & Clough, but the partnership was dissolved November 24, 1828, and the business was afterwards continued by Mr. Tebbetts alone. Ilis stock of goods is said to have been large and choice, and he carried on a ver}' extensive business for the place for man}' years therealter. In addition to those already mentioned, the following individuals and firms were prominent in general trade at or about the dates given : — In 1822, Gardner Greene, to 1829 or later ; Nathaniel Greene, to 1840 ; Ilallett & Brown, Charles Thompson, Samuel Veazie, to 1829 or later. 1824. Samuel and George Dennett, Frost, Swett & Co. 1825. George and William Dennett. 1826. Calvin B. Robbins & Co , William Dennett, the latter con- tinuing in trade for many j'ears. 1828. Jairus Fuller, Jr., Samuel R. Jackson & Co., Abel Merrill, Jr. 1829. Alfred White, and either alone or with others to 1857. 1830. Green and Barron. 1833. J. & B. Barron. 1836. Obed Frost, to 1849 ; Sandford A. Perkins. 1844. Frost & AYhitney, Isaac P. Tebbetts ; Tebbetts, Rowland, & Co. 1845. Clough & Thompson. 1850. A. G. Poland, George S. Holt. 1853. Lewis P. Work. 1855, Alexander Ridley. Some of the above-named traders were doubtless in business some years before the dates given, and man}' of them, after retiring for a while from active trade, recommenced either in partnership with others or siuglj^ At the present time, however, the greater number are residents of other towns or are no longer amongst the living:. 616 UISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. PRICES. The proximit}' to each other of the villages of Topsham and Brunswick affords of itself an assurance that the prices of standard articles of trade did not vary much in the two towns. The earl}' settlers in Topsham, and perhaps in Brunswick too, used to trade somewhat at Richmond Fort. From an account-book of Judge Minot, of Brunswick, who was stationed at that fort in 1732 and sutsequentl}', the following statements are taken: — In 1732, V/illiam Reed, of Topsham, was charged with 30 lbs. pork @ Is. 3c?. ; bread, 2s. ; rum, 5s. ; " phlip," Is. 2d. From 1736 to 1739 the following articles Avere charged to Jacob Clark, of Topsham : — 1736, May 20, 7^ yds. " Ozmb," 4s. ; rum to James, Is. 8cZ. ; rum, Is. Zcl. July 30, 6 yds. swan skin, 7s. 6cL ; IJ- yds. linen, 8s. April 15, 4 lbs. shot, Is. 3fZ. ; bread, 4s. ; thread, 4s, August 15, tobacco, Is. Scl. ; 3 galls, molasses @ 7s. 1739, 4 yds. linen, 7s. ; a pr. hose, 12s. Old. ; 2 prs. yarn hose @ 6s. ; 1 cap, 6s. 6f?. ; indigo, Is. ; 1 pint of nam, Is. Ad. ; 5 yds. swan skin @ lis. 6d. Thomas Thorne, of Topsham, also had a very similar account about the same time. In 1777 the selectmen, in accordance with an Act of the legislature of the Commonwealth, " To prevent Monopoly and Oppression," fixed the price of labor and of all articles in general use. The prices named were so nearl}' like those adopted by the town of Brunswick that their insertion here would be substantially a repetition of that list, and they are therefore omitted. BANK. The onl}' bank ever in operation in Topsham was the Androscoggin Bank. It was chartered in 1834. Charles Thompson was the presi- dent and John Coburn the cashier for the whole term of its existence. Its charter expired in 1854 and was not renewed The capital stock of this bank was $50,000. TOWN VALUATION. The earliest valuation of the town of which any record is to be found was made in 1 752. It was at this time as follows : — Polls, 28 ; property, £180 7s. The wealthiest man in town then was Lieutenant Adam Hunter, COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF TOPSHAM. 617 ■whose real estate was estimated at £1 15s., and personal propert}- at £18 4s. 1 The total valuation for 1758 was, polls 47; property-, £1,052 12s. Adam Hunter, then a captain, was still the richest man, his whole estate being estimated at £115.^ A new State valuation was completed in 1761, and " Topsham pre- cinct" was assessed but seventeen shillings. ^ The following is the valuation of the town in the j-ears named. "VVe have been unable to find the valuation for an}^ j-ear between 1771 and 1841. In 1771 the number of polls was one hundred and six ; per- sonal property, £21 lis. M. ; estates, £204 17s. 5d. In 1841, the val- uation of the town was $428,931. In 1850 it was $581,232. In 1860 there were three hundred and fort3'-five polls, and the valuation was $810,623. In 1870 the number of polls was three hundred and sixty-five, and the valuation was $879,051. The assessment of the town for county expenses was, in 1764, £6 10s. ; in 1787, £iS 12s. 6d. ; in 1807 it was $440.89 ; and in 1813, $245.58. POPULATION. The first regular census of the town, known certainly to have been taken was in 1765. At this time there were in Topsham fifty-four houses, fifty-two families, seventy-eight males under sixteen years of age, eighty-five males over that age, eighty-five females under and seventA'-eight over sixteen, and one negro, — a total population of three hundred and twenty-seven, exclusive of Indians. The population subsequently to the above date has been as follows : — ■ 1776 657 1810 1,271 1820 1,429 1830 1,564 1840 1,883 1850 2,010 1860 1,605 1870 1,501 1 Pejepscot Papers. 2 j^jd. 3 X7orth's History of Augusta, p. 71. 618 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. CHAPTER XXII. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL, The principal occupation of the first settlers of Harpswell is said to have been cutting cord-wood and shipping it to Boston, Salem, and other ports, althongli farming and fishing were doubtless carried on to some extent. Bailey's Island, which is now nearly barren of trees, was at that time densel}^ covered with wood. After a while the set- tlers devoted themselves almost exclusively to farming and fishing. FISHERIES. We have been unable to obtain any statistics of this business at an early date. At the present time there are caught, dried, and cured in Harpswell about 20,000 quintals of fish annuall}', consisting of cod, hake, haddock, pollock, and cusk. Smaller fish, such as mack- erel, porgies, and herring, are also caught in abundance. In the month of September the herring come in very plenty, and it is not uncommon to see, in Mackerel Cove and Jaquis' Harbor, from seventy-five to one hundred and fifty sail of vessels. Large quantities of the fish are taken to Portland, where they are packed and shipped to various parts of the countr}' as "Portland Herring." During the months of March, April, and May, most of the fishermen are engaged in the lobster fisher3^ The fishing smacks are so arranged that the lobsters are kept alive, and large numbers are shipped to Portland, Boston, and New York. In former years the clam business was quite an important branch of the fisheries, but it is not so now. About the 3'ear 18G3 there were put up, and sold at prices ranging from $8.00 to $14.00 per barrel, not less than 2,500 barrels. The principal dealers in fish are S. Watson, A. T. Trnfant, and Jolin Power, of East. Harpswell ; Smul- len «& Prince and J. M. Johnson, of Orr's Island; E. C. Simpson & Co. and J. B. Pinkham, of West Harpswell. MILLS. Owing to the fact that Harpswell possesses no streams large enough to afford sufficient water-power, but little attention has been given to manufactures in this town. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 619 Previous to 1758 there was a wind-mili in the town and a tide-mill called Jones's Mill.^ The location of the wind-mill is not known. The tide -mill was situated near the farm of Arthur Orr, and was at one time owned by him. It was originallj' built by a familj' of Quakers, by the name of Jones. Captain James Sinnett, of Bailey's Island, remembers a ver}' old mill at Widgeon Cove, which was standing as late as the 3'ear 1804. It was then owned, in part, by Silas Allen and Deacon James Wilson. About the year 1800 there was a wind-mill near Charles Meny- man's. It was built and owned by Major Paul Randall. The great shaft for the mill he hauled from Brunswick, and it was so heavj- he nearly broke the backs of his oxen drawing it over some of the hills. The mill did not do much business. It was situated down near the shore, instead of upon the ridge, which would have furnished more wind-power. The present saw and grist mill was erected about the year 18.30. It is owned in shares, about twenty in number. In 18").j, or thereabouts, there were two grist-mills on Great Island, one owned by Stephen Purinton, Esquire, and the other by a Mr. Ridley. SALT-WORKS. During the Revolution salt was very scarce. An Irishman on Great Island, who understood how to make salt from sea-water, sug- gested the building of salt-works on that island. A company was formed, a building erected, and kettles and other appliances were pur- chased. The Irishman, whose name was Milla}', had charge of the kettles. A yoke of oxen was employed to draw wood for the ovens, Sixt}' bushels of salt per week were manufactured, and it was sold in Boston for two dollars per bushel. TRADES. The population of Harpswell is so scattered that it has been found no easy thing to obtain an account of the various trades pursued in former times or at present. The following is all that we have obtained any information about. Bakers. — Early in the present or late in the last century a Mr. R^an had a bakery on Great Island. He moved to Brunswick in 1804 or 1805. Blacksmiths. — Nehemiah Curtis, whose shop was one mile above the Congregational Church on the Neck, was the first blacksmith in ' Memoranda of Reverend Samuel Eaton, in Pejepscot Papers. 620 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. town of whom we have any account. He was succeeded in the busi- ness by his son and grandson, of the same name. The grandson kept the shop until 1820. Somewhat later in the business were Ben- jamin Curtis, whose shop was half a mile northwest of the church, and Barstow Curtis, whose shop was where Abijah Stover now lives. Boat-Builders. — David Doughty was the first boat-builder on Great Island. He was engaged in this business as late as 1847. He, was succeeded in the business b}' William Doughty. Since then the business has been carried on by quite a large number of persons. Boot and Shof. Makers. — James Merr^-man, on the Neck, near the Baptist Church, and William Orr, on Orr's Island, were engaged in the boot and shoe business for some years. They moved away about 1847. Brick-Yards. — In 1805 there was a brick-yard owned b}' a Mr. Douglass, situated on the Neck, about three miles above the Congre- gational Church. It was in operation only a shoi't time. There was another one carried on b}' a Mr. Reed in 1812 to 1815, on Orr's Island. Carpenters and Joiners. — John Curtis, in 1802 to 1804, and Waitstill Webber, an apprentice of Curtis's, in 1804, worked at this trade. Their shop was on the Neck, about two miles above the Con- gregational Church. In 1806, John Bibber pursued this occupation. Gunsmiths. — A man b}- the name of Nason lived on Bailey's Island about 1856, and carried on the business of a gunsmith. His shop was where Prince & Smulleu's store is now. Harness and Saddle Makers. — A man b}' the name of Barstow carried on the above business for one j'ear in 1816 or 1817. Masons. — The only mason that we have received any account of was a man by the name of Ewing. He lived on Great Island, but at what date is not known to us. Surveyors. — The only survej-ors of land of whom we have any ac- count were Paul and Benjamin Randall, who lived about two miles and a half above the Congregational Church. Paul died about 1874 ; Benjamin, about 1847. Tailors. — From 1800 to 1806, D. Merritt carried on the tailoring business in town. He moved to Durham. Tanners. — In the early part of the century, Thomas Farr had a tanner}' in Stover's Cove, on the Neck, and Benjamin Dunning had one about three miles above the Congregational Church. In the east- ern part of the town, Stephen Purinton had one. COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF HARPSWELL. 621 TRADERS. Mr. James Booker kept store as early as 1752 and as late as 1762. About the latter date Andrew Dunning and Alexander Wilson were also in trade ; that is, the}^ were licensed retailers, and bad a stock of goods wbicb they disposed of to the settlers when called npon, but they probably did not confine themselves exclusively to that business. Joseph Coney came from Boston in 1795 and opened a store, which -was opposite the lower end of Orr's Island. It was afterwards occu- pied by Bruce & Everett, Silas H. Dodge, and Jacob Merryman. Joseph Eaton kept store near the Congregational Church until his death, about 1846. A Mr. Pinkham once kept store at the end of Potts's Point, but the date is unknown. In 1847, Washington Gar- celon, post-master, had one near Paul Randall's. Bailei/s Island. — The old store which once stood at the head of the cove, on the outer end of Bailej-'s Island, has been occupied by the following men in succession : Perry & Howard, of Brunswick, about 1800 ; Joseph Coney, Major John Rowe, Zachariah Lambert, and Captain David Johnson. The store now occupied b}^ Lubee was formerly owned b}- Ralph Sinnett. A Mr. Dana and a Mr. Twombl^^ both kept store on this island for a long time. The former was at the lower end. The date of their doing business is not known. Orr's Island. — In the early part of this century Edward Ingraham kept a store on the southwest end of the island, where Prince & SmuUen's store is now. He had a brother in business with him, who was probably Nathaniel. S. F. Merrill at one time had a store at Lowell's Cove. Great Island. — In the latter part of the last, or in the first of the present century, a Mr. Ryan had a store at Condy's Harbor. Esquire Snow kept a store for many years at his wharf on New Meadows River. ESTSURANCE COMPANY. On February 14, 1855, Paul R. Curtis, Shubal Merrj^man, Isaac A. Johnson, Thomas A. Estes, Thomas U. Eaton, Abram J. Allen, Simeon Curtis, L. H. Stover, Pennell Alexander, Thomas Alexander, and Abel Thompson were incorporated as the Harpswell Mutual Fire Insurance Company. The first officers were Thomas Alexander, president; Thomas U. Eaton, secretary; Abel Thompson, treasurer. The first Board of Directors were Stephen Purinton, James Orr, David 622 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Webber, Alcot S. MeiT^Tiian, Thomas U. Eatou, Thomas Alexander, and Henr}' Barnes. The losses of this company have been so little that there has never been a necessity for making an}' assessments upon the members. The present officers are Thomas Alexander, president ; William C. Eaton, secretary' ; Shubael Merryman, treasurer. The present directors are Thomas Alexander, Pennell Alexander, William C. Eaton, Shubael Merryman, Sylvester Stover, Stephen Purinton, and Samuel E. Smullen. PRICES. The following charges and credits are taken from various accounts in James Booker's account-book, and are copied verbatim : — 1750 to two pare of buckels o/i & oue pare of buttons 1/10 one pare of Shoes G/8 & oue pare of Stockens 3/9 two yards of striped huraspun Cloath & a half eiglit yards of Checkt humspuu Cloath . two pare of mittens 2/8 & thre pare of buttons -1/10 one Eaizer one pare mens shoes . one gallon Rum oue Ceutle of fish a Quarter of a thousand of pins half a pouud of powder . one Jarr of Oyl one pare of pomps one pare plush B riches six pound of Cotton Wool thirty one Cord of wood @ forty shillings one comb .... two quarts molases . oue peck Rie meal one pound of Coffy . one bushel Corn one hundred of nales one Sithe .... two pound of Chocolat . three pound of Shugar one load of hay five bunches Shingles half a dozen puter plates . one pare of silver buttons half a bushel of beans eleven yards of bed ticking half a pouud of peper Lawful money 1 10 10 5 G 8 1 1 4 7 6 1 4 G 2 8 9 3 7 1 9 4 G 8 1 4 1 8 8 5 4 1 1 1 4 11 1 4 2 4 1 8 40 iO, 2 1 17 4 10 8 13 4 3 2 2 2 1 18 2 1 4 COMMERCIAL HISTORY OF IIARPSWELL. 623 1750 oue barril of flower . two pare of woman's Shoes six pound & a half of tobacco one pair of bed blankets . four ounces of homspon thred eight pound of Shoot Quarter of a yard of Cambrick Broad Cloath & trimen for a Jacket Ten bizcake [biscuit?] one cap one thousand shingles one wheelbai'er Lawful money 1 11 11 9 4 2 7 1 4 2 1 2 8 2 4 1 19 1 10 2 4 10 8 9 4 TOWN" VALUATION. Our account of the valuation of Harpswell is very meagre, and down to 1840 we have no record of anything except the number of polls. The following is all we have been enabled to obtain : — 1773 . . 1780 . . 1790 . . 1800 . . 1830 . . 1840 .... " 289 ... . estates $250,335 1850 . ..." 328 ... . " 345,544 1860 . ..." 367 ... . " 410,566 1870 . ..." 404 ... . " 426,968 . polls 203 175 214 262 247 289 328 367 404 POPULATION". In 1765 there were in Harpswell fifty-five houses, one hundi-ed and eleven families, two hundred and twenty-four males under, and one hundred and eightj'-eight above sixteen years of age, two hundred and twenty-four females under, and one hundred and eighty-six females above sixteen, and fourteen negroes. The total population, exclusive of Indians, was eight hundred and thirty-six. Brunswick at this time had a population o^hni five hundred and six. In 1776, Harpswell had nine hundred and seventy-seven white inhabitants, while Brunswick had but eight hundred and sixty-seven.^ In 1778, Harpswell had twenty-seven Revolutionary soldiers, and one hundred and seventy-eight males over the age of sixteen.'-^ 1 Census of Massachusetts, 1765 to 1776. ^Massachusetts Archives, Book 185, p. 391. 624 HISTOIiY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ' The following is tlie population for the years in which we have been able to find a census of it : — 1810 1,190 1820 1,253 1830 1,352 1840 1,448 1850 1,535 1860 1,603 1870 1,749 It will be noticed from the census of the three towns, that while Brunswick and Topsham have lost in population since 1850, Ilarps- well has made a steady' gain from the ■very first, and in no decade has she lost in population. FORTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 625 CHAPTER XXIII. FORTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS IN BRUNSWICK, FORTS. F'oRT Andross. — The first fort ever erected upon the banks of the Androscoggin, by Englishmen, was undoubtedly that built by Gov- ernor Andross in 1688, which has since been called by his name. After King Philip's war, Andross, desirous of promoting the eastern settle- ments, came to Pejepscot in midwinter, with an army of 1,000 men, and on the now vacant lot adjoining the present store of J. T. Adams & Co., a few rods south of Bow Street, he erected a stone fort.^ It was large and in form xevy zigzag. In 1689 it was under the com- mand of Lieutenant Colonel McGregory and Major Thomas Savage. It was demolished about 1691:.- Fort George. — From about 1694 to 1715 the fort previously' men- tioned lay dismantled and entirel}" unfit for purposes of protection to the settlers. Accordingly, on Jul}' 28, 1715, the following proposal was presented to the House of Representatives by the subscribers : — '• Wee the subscribers Proprietors of the Lands in Brunswick and Topsliam, &c. being desirous to make such a settlement as may be able to sustain a war with the Indians, Do acknowledge the Favour of the General Court in their readiness to encourage and protect the intended setilements and particularl}- in the Repair of the Fort there ; Vet perceiving the House inclinable to a Wooden Fort on account of the cheapness of it : We being sensible that as this Fort is set so, as to be a Bridle to the Indians ; So if a War should arise, it may be expected, the}- will leave no means untryed to become Masters of it ; towards which the Remoteness from Succour will give them great advantage ; and considering how much the Lives and Estates there will depend upon the strength and security of that Fort : We have been induced to make the following Proposall. ' ' That whereas the Wooden Fort at Winter Harbour cost, as we are informed Four hundred Pounds, when Provisions and Labour were 1 Pejepscot Papers. 2 Massachusetts Historical Collection, od Series, p. 85. 40 626 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. mucli cheaper, than at this time ; we can't suppose such an one now would cost much less than five hundred Pounds ; and a Stone Fort supposed to be much more chargable : yet rather than the s*^ Fort should be of Wood, and so liable to be consumed b}' Fire, in case it should be assaulted by French as well as Indians. '•Wee offer. That if the Generall Court will please to allow Five Hundred Pounds, and let us now have the Fifteen men, which are designed for that Garrison, we will enter into Engagements to repair and finish the aforesaid Stone Fout : To be Fift}" Foot Square, as proposed, with Four Bastions, Two of which of wood on the Top of the Angle, at our own charge, although it should amount to more than that sum. And we shall set about it in a weeks time, if possible, and hope to finish it before winter, if not obstructed b}' the Indians. We desire to have Three hundred Pounds of the said sum, as occasion shall require, to provide Materialls &c. and the remainder when the work is finished. " Signed "Thomas Hutchintsgn. Adam Winthrop. Oliver Noyes. In hchalf of themschcs tV- partners. " INIemorandum. It is agreed that the foundation of the said Fort shall be Three Foot under Ground. Tliat the Wall shall be Three Foot thick at Bottom, and at least Tenn Foot High above the Ground, and laid in Lime Mortar, with Barracks for Fifteen men, to be built on or near the Spot where the Fort now stands." ^ The General Court accepted this proposal of the proprietors, and ordered the sums of mone}' asked for to be paid out of the treasury. At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietors, held August 2, 1715, it was voted : " That Capt. John Wentworth be writ to to despatch a Sloop from Piscatequa forthwith, with Four Thousand of Pine Plank and to fill up with good Boards to be landed at Pejepscot Falls. " That Capt. No^'es be desired to despatch a Sloop from Xewbury with Seventy or Eighty hogsh"^^ of good Stone Lime, llu; price here 21.S p. hhd. 100 gallons. "That a Sloop be sent from hence with Bricks, Shingles, Clap- boards, Nails, Provisions, a horse Team, Six Wheelbarrows, Arms, Crows, Pickaxes, Mauls, Shovels, Blankets, Kettles, Pails, Dishes, Horse Cart, Ox Cart, and a pair of Trucks." - * Pyepscot Records, 2 JUd. FORTS, GAIiRISONS, CFIURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 627 The erection of this fort was commenced by Captain John Gyles in the month of August, 1715, on the ledge of rocks at the northern end of Maine Street, about where two of the factory boarding-houses now stand. It was completed in the December following. Fort George, Brunswick. The walls of this fort were very thick and the stones were laid in mortar. It was finished with two bastions and two half-bastions, with flanks on the top sutBcient for cannon. There was a large two-&tory dwelling-house erected in the fort, the roof appearing above the wail. The flag-staflT was in the southwest corner of the southwest bastion . This fort effectually resisted the aggressions of the Indians, and protected all the dwellings within reach of its cannon. In times of alarm, however, the inhabitants usuall}' congregated inside its walls. To give an idea of the size and importance of this fort to the infant settlement, an illustration of it has been given, drawn originally from memor}' b^' Daniel Stone (the father of Narcissa and Daniel) ; and an account of the cost of the work, taken from the Pejepscot Records, is also inserted. "AN ACCrj OP THE CO ^r OF FORT GEORGE MASONS WOliK. Benj Swnhi 88 daics at 5/ 1 niyiit l/G Peter Herod 4/ . Ilanniwell & Negro 7/G Dutch 4/ Clark 4/ . . . . • CAItPENTKRS WOKK Beuj Haley & man 7/6 Kemball 4/6 . Wheeler 4/ . 22 1 6 15 18 27 !) 6 15 18 15 14 97 10 30 3 9 18 2 3 16 2 64 628 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARP SWELL. NIGHTS WOUK OF TKADESMEX as p acc' THE SOULDIEKS AS LABOURERS Niglits, Da.vs & Boatage Mr. Watts' Boy cooking the Pott at 1/6 . MATERIALL8 Shell lime 500 bush"» at 14'' 40 hhf? StoQe lime Boards 10821 feet . Pine Plaiili 4 M . Oak Plank . Shingles 10 M at 16/ Clapboards 12 at 7/ Bricks 11 M Nails Spikes &c . Glass Casmeuts . Great Hinges & Rivets Small Hinges Smiths Work Lariie Lock for Gate PROVISION ACC^'^ IN THE SEVERALL BILLS SLOOP HIRE & PILOTING. 58 4 4 6 7 6 64 11 10 29 3 50 4 4 23 IG 3 17 1 7 3 19 10 8 4 4 12 7 6 20 2 3 3 4 2 6 1 10 12 14 Mr Watts Bill Mr Winthrops Bill Mr Noyes' Bill Mr Rucks Bill Mr Miuots Bill Lowles Sloop Stephens Sloop Board Sloop Mr Watts Sloop LoTvd Piloting More Piloting &c Butler Boating Lime Do Piloting SMALL EXPENSES. Giv'n Gyles for dispatch Gett : great Boat from Mill pond Port^ & Cart* Reckonings & Small Charges . . . . 177 2 17 45 13 12 90 8 3 17 18 9 9 10 40 1 2 10 2 5 10 82 3 10 1 9 12 9 3 5 9 FORTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 629 Allowed Mr Watts his Trouble 30 Due to Mr Jno Miuot to 5"^ Nov 18 8 Charge eulistiug men 5 1 horse lost 9 15 James Irish's work ......... 4 Use of our Teams no Loss & AVear of Tools 2 99 3 Total £688 9 4i In the latter part of 1736, or early in 1737, the General Court of Massachusetts decided to dismantle this fort. This decision filled the settlers with dismay, and in consequence the following petition was sent to the legislature : — " To nis ExCELL'^ Jonathan Belcher Esq' Capt'' Genekall and Gov- EHNOUR IN Chief in and Over the Mashecusets bay. « " To THE Honorable Council and house of Representatives Mett in Generall Court. "THE HUMBLE PETITION OF BRUNSWICK & TOPSUM, WITH ALL THE SCATTRED SETTLERS UNDER THE COVERT AND PROTEC- TION OF FORT GEORGE. " Humbly Sheweth. •" That we j-oiir Excell'^' & Honours Humble Petitioners, filled with Inexpressible fears & discouragements upon a vote (as we are In- formed) pass'd both Honourable houses, of dismantling Fort George, beg leave in the most humble maner to lay our present Condition and circumstances before y^ Exceli'^ & Honours, which we claim not only as a right, but also gloiys in, as our precious mercy and priviledge, to have access to your Excell'* at the head of so man}- Honourable Patriots and fathers of our Contre}^ whose great care & prudence in securing the rights and priviledges of the Subject in most Crilicall Junctures, gives us hope that the revew of our case & Condition by the Golden Rule of righteousness will ^et move y'' Excell'* & Hon" to prevent our fears by Continuing with us the visible mark of protection absolutel}' necessary for the Incouragment & safty of these Infant Settlements, with which vew we conceive this fort was erected and since continued, supported & defended ; and if }''' Inducing reasons then were good. Just, and becoming the Wisdom of our Senators, they continue yet in unrepealed force & virtue and concludes now with more strength for the Continuance of it ; as there are manj' more lives and much more expensive labours and Industry under the covert & ' Pejepscot Records. 030 HIS'lORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HAEPSWELL. defense of it alone, its advantagious Scituation, being no less a terror & restraint to Enemyes, than an Inconragment and wSafe Eetreat to your petitioners, there being no other fort or Garisson from which an^' aid, Succour, or Relief can be expected in case of necessity, for as for Richmond, we only observe what your Excell'® and Several members of both Honourable houses are well acquainted with. It lies upon a direct line through a vast and almost impassible wilder- ness at or about 20 miles by a modest computation from us, and fur- ther bj' water, which passage is attended with unavoidable danger in case of extremity as many last war can witness from experience. So that there is more probability of our being relived b}* Castle William, than from thence, and further we beg leave to observe to y"" Excell"" & Hon" that Brunswick, time without mind, has been the place of the annual Randevouze of all the tribes, which always has been licentious, vilg, and Riotous, but now in a great measure broak by the prudent care and circumspection of the present Comander, in his civil & mili- tar^^ Capacity, the former useless were it not Joyn'd and Suported b}' the latter : what can y"" Petitioners expect, upon the dismanthng the fort, but to be the Melancoly Spectators, or rather the helpless miser- able Sufferers under the returns of their Avild extravigauces, to the great danger of our lives & libertyes. But should it be Suggested that our lives and libertyes are Secured by the peace, and So the Con- tinuance of the fort is an unnecesary Charge to the province, iu answer to which we beg leave to Observe to yf Exceli;*' & Hon" That this peace cost the province much blood & treasure ; & therefore the dearer bought, the greater care and caution is necessary to the preser- vation of it ; which is alwa3-s a posture of defence, & readiness to resent the violations of it, according to the genei'all maxims of policy, practised by all States, Kingdoms, & Comonwealths in the time of best concerted peace, always Jealous of their rights and Securing their fronteers, without whicii tlie publick faith in many Instances, has given way and yielded to the rapid Stream of Interest and ambition. " further, all the advantages our Infant Settlements in the east- ward have Receiv'd by the peace, are, under God, Owing to y' Excell'f & Ilon^ great Wisdom, Care, & Vigilance, and neither to the love nor faith of Indians, they being by the Victorious arms of the province forc'd into peace, & what How's not from Choyce but neces- sity, can onl}- be suposed binding till oportunit}' ofter. "That their love cant be depended upon is obvious to us, conversant among them, who look upon us, as unjust usurpers & intruders upon their rights and priviledges, and spoilers of their idle way of living. FORTS, GARIilSONS, CHURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 631 " They claim not onl}- the wild beasts of the forest, and fowls of the air, but also fishes of Sea & rivers, and so with an ill eye looks upon our Salmon fishery, and no doubt would disturb our fishers were it not under the Imediate protection of the fort, as Severall can witness who have fished in undefended places ; besides thej- Cant hide their spleen & Eesentment against those of our Setlers, who in the late war acted in the province Servise (a good man}* such we have) the peace has not secured some such from violent assaults, houses rifled, & peace purchased b}' gratifications pleasing to them, but with those vile abuses, & gross violations of peace we bore without giving y"". Ex- cell'f & Hon" trouble by complaints, while we Injoy'd the benefit of the fort, which cannot be expected when left as Catalans to the unbri- dled rage of such Enemyes, who Embalm's the memor}- of tlie vilest murtherers, transmits them to posterity, who are aml)itious eriough to Copy these heroick virtues in their ancesters ; their faith besides being the effect of force is under the Influence of that popish prin- ciple, of no faith to be kept with hereticks and the Sacraficing such has always been accounted meritorious, what can be more agreeable to them, than purchase Heaven hereafter, by raising their fame & rep- utations as Heroes here. " If such principles & practices promisses a longer lifed peace than opertunitj- offers, and whether the dismantling fort George gives not such an opertunity, by having So man}'' lives at their discretion, whose circumstances scarce alow two to be mutual aiding to one & otlier, we beg leave to Submitt to y''. ExcelP^ & Hon''f Serious thoughts, wisdom & Judgment. If we have forfeited our Claim and right to protection, we beg to be punnished according to the known equitable laws of the province, but we pray yl" Excell'f and Honours may not give us up to the rage of Enemves, tho' under the mask and varnish of peace, a punishment never yet Inflicted upon Brittish Sub- jects ; In which Circumstapces what sliall we do? tamely to Submitt to Salvage rage is beueath the spirits of fres born Subjects, to venture our lives in defence of our long toil & labour, tho' we shall be the first sufferers, it is easy to see the consequences will reach mucli farther, if we fly for Safety, Ave must leave our estates behind, which are the purchase of Industry in Subduing a wilderness, and then we become a burtheusome Charge to Charitable and well disposed Christians. " But we hope better things and such as are worth}^ 3'our Excell'* at the head of So man}- wise Senators, to whose wisdom we submitt our Condition and circumstances, Earnestl}- begging in the most hum- ble and dutiful maner, that your Excell'^ according to the great trust 632 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. reposed in 3'ou, and Roj'al power wherewith j'on are Cloathed, with the advice & concurrence of both Honourable houses, may prevent onr fears and give us a Reviving under the Continuance of the fort as the sensible pledge of 3'our Excell'^^ protection and Instance of their Mon''^ wisdom, care, & Goodness, in Securing the rights and hves of man}' subjects, and as in Duty bound " Your Humble Petioners Shall ever pray "We b}' apointment in behalf of ourselves & 20 families in Brnusvvick, Subscribes our names at Bi'uuswick meetiug-house this 25th of April 1737 " We by apointment in behalf of ourselves and 24 families in Topsum, subscribe our names at Brunswick meeting- house this 25"> of Aprill 1737 ^ C^^^ Q/ffiJ^ y^/Kn M " I by apointment in behalf of 15 Circumjacent families do sub- scribe my name at Brunswick meeting-house this 25"' of April 1737> Notwithstanding the foregoing petition the fort was soon afterwards > Pejepscot Papers. FORTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 633 dismantled, and the property reverted to the proprietors, who, Decem- ber 19, 17." 8, leased it, together with all the buildings and land con- nected with it, to Mr. George Harwood. He occupied the premises until November 1, 1761.^ At a meeting of the Pejepscot proprietws, held October 8, 1761, Belcher Noj'es was instructed to execute a deed of the old fort, with the buildings and land belonging to it, and the privilege of the stream at the falls, "• the one half to Jeremiah Moulton, Esquire, the other half to Captain David Dunning, they pajing unto the said Belcher iS'oyes the sum of one hundred thirt}' three pounds six shiUings and eight pence, lawful money, for which sum he is to account with the Proprietors." 2 This sum amounted to about £1,000 old tenor. 3 On November 19, 1761, Belcher Noyes gave Harwood a written order to surrender the fort a:nd buildings to either Moulton or Dunning."* The ruins of this fort, with some portions of the wall yet standing, were plainly to be seen as late as 1802, and Mr, Dean Swift distinctly remembers placing upon these ruins when a boy. That gentleman is authority for saying the materials of the old fort were used in the construction of the foundations of some of the dwelling-houses now standing, and that some of the stones of which it was built form parts of the cellar-walls of the house owned and occupied b}' the late Doctor John D. Lincoln, of the Dunning house on the brow of the hill near the First Parish Meeting-House, of the Tontine Hotel, and other old buildings. BLOCK-HOUSES AND GARRISONS. The first fortified places in this vicinity, other than the fort, were probably erected bj' the Pejepscot proprietors in 1716, unless there is reasq^i to suppose that Purchase, Stevens, and others of the ver}' earliest settlers had garrisoned houses. In the record of a meeting of the proprietors, which was held October 9 , 1716, the following occurs : — " Agreed with Mr. Benjamui Swain to build the Chimneys in our House at Maquoit, and in our House at Small Point : the stack in each house to have four Fires at Fourty Shillings pr Fire, Each Brick Arch under the four Chimneys to be at Fourty Shillings pr Arch : The Stonework to be Four Shillings & 6d pr Perch, the Stuff to be at the Place, s*^ Swain to allow Boston Price for what Labour he has done by our Hands." There is no positive evidence that the above were fortified buildings, but it is safe to presume so, since it is known that there were, in 1724 ^ Pejepscot Records. ^ Ibid. ^ Pejepscot Papers. ^Ihid. 634 IIIS'IOUY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. and siibscquenth', a block-house and a well-fortified storehouse at Maqnoit. Tiiic DuNxiNG Gauuison. — A short distance southwest of where the post-office now stands, in what was known as the Schwartkin garden, or in the rear of the McLellan building, where a white cottage now is, David Dunning erected a strong timber garrison or block- house. It was two stories high, forty feet long, and twenty-two feet wide. The second stor}- projected about three or four feet over the first, and the walls had loop-holes for the purpose of enabling the inmates to fire upon the Indians when necessity required. There was a tower on the top, from which the teams could be watched on their wa3' to and from the Merriconeag Marshes. The above-mentioned garrison was probably the largest one, but there are known to have been man\- others in different parts of the town, and there were probably some of which no account has been preserved. The location of all that were known will be given. The Giveex Gauuison. — On the elevation between New Wharf and Pennell's Wharf there was a garrison erected at an early date by David Giveen. The IIinkley Garrison. — There was a garrison in 1747 at New Meadows, which was built by Deacon Sanuiel Iliukle^' and two of his sons-in-law, named Thompson. It stood on the elevation in the rear of the barn now owned by IMr. Bartlett Adams, and the outline of the garrison is still easil}- traced. Ham's Garrison. — There was a garrison on Ham's Hill, near the head of New Meadows River, on the road to Bath. It was situated a few rods south of the road, on the top of the hill, on a ledge of rocks just back of the barn of Mr. Peterson, the present owner of the lot. It was near this garrison that Seth Ilinkley was killed, in INIaj, 1747. It was probably built or occupied by Joseph Smith, a tanner. No remains of this garrison are to be seen at the present day, though man}- of the large, square timbers of which it was composed remained on the site within the memoiy of persons now living. It was much exposed to attacks from the Indians on their route from Ncav Mead- ows to Pejepscot.^ McFarland's Garrison. — About 1730, James McFarland built a two-storv block-house on what is now the corner of Maine and JNIason Streets, where Day's Block now is. In this garrison Kevcrend Robert Dunlap lived for some years after he came to town.^ 1 McKeen, MS. Lecture. 2 p^epscot Papers. FORTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, ETC, IN BRUNSWICK. 635 This garrison was of hewn timber, forty feet long by twenty feet wide. It was taken down a short time before the close of the Indian war. Minot's Garrison. — John Minot had a garrison and a storehouse about five rods west of where the late Henry Minot's house stood at Mair Point. The date of its erection is not known. The Skolfield Garrison. — This garrison was situated near where Mr. Peter Woodward now lives. It was built and owned by Thomas Skolfield. I'he date of its erection is not known. The Gurnet Point Garrison is said to have been built and owned by Captain John Gatchell.^ The Spear Garrison. — Nearly opposite the old meeting-house which stood on the Maquoit road, about a mile from the colleges, was once a garrison built by William and Robert Spear, and occupied by the latter. The wall was sixty or seventy feet in circumference, and ten feet higli. Inside there was a one-story, gambrel-roofed house, which faced the east, and the back of which formed a part of the tim- ber wall. This garrison was once attacked hy the Indians. Mr. Spear had placed some loose boards across one corner of the wall. An Indian climbed up on this corner in order to get inside and unbar the gates, but the boards extending outside of the wall, his weight caused them to tip up, and he fell back into an old sleigh, the noise, of course, arousing Mr. Spear.- According to another account, the Indian fell back into a hog-pen, and it was the unusual grunting of its disturbed porcine occupant that awoke Mr. Spear. Besides the garrisons which have been mentioned were dwellings which the occupants made proof against bullets Ijy lining them with studs four inches thick. These houses had also apertures in different rooms, so that their owners might defend their own castle. Guns were kept in readiness for use in the house, and were carried b}' the settlers wherever they went. The Gun-House. — The old gun-house, which stood on Centre Street, on the lot adjoining that of the present school-house, was built in 1808, and was destroyed by fire in 1809. It was at once rebuilt, and was occupied as a gun-house for the Brunswick artillery for many years. It is now a dwelling on the southern side of Franklin Street, near its eastern end. The Powder-House. — The original powder-house was built in 1 McKeen, MS. Lecture. 2 Pejepscot Papers. G36 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 1804-5 hy Samuel Melcher, who agreed to erect it for twenty dollars. In 1805 it was examined bj' a committee, and declared h\ them to be worth onl}- four dollars and fift}' cents. This amount the town paid, but would not accept the building. In 181 G the town authorized the selectmen to build a new powder-house at an expense of one hundred and fift}' dollars. This building stood on the top of the hill on Pleas- ant Street, which gave to the hill the name of Powder-House Hill. Town-House. — For almost one hundred years after its incorpora- tion the town of Brunswick had no building of its own in which to hold its meetings, except the First Parish Meeting-House. The first movement towards a town-house was in 1835. At a meeting of the town, held April 27, of this year, it was voted to build a town-house without unnecessarj- dela}-. In 1836 seven hundred dollars was appropriated, and a building committee was chosen, who were authorized to borrow three hundred dollars additional. The house was built this 3'ear on land given b}' Reverend AVilliam Allen and David Dunlap, Esquire. It was built of brick, one story high, with fifteen-foot posts. The ground dimensions were sixty by fort3'-two feet. Richard T. Dunlap, Jacob Pennell, and Joseph McKeen were the building committee. The town voted to purchase a lot, at a price not exceeding fifty dol- lars, on the southeast corner of the lot on Avhich President Allen's academy stood. The lot was to be four rods in front and to run back ten rods. The building committee were authorized to obtain any other lot, if deemed more desirable. The}' selected the one already mentioned, and the house was built on Maine Street, about opposite the southern end of the college grounds. Between March 16 and the June following, in the year 1857, this building was burnt, and the town, at its next meeting, authorized the selectmen to dispose of the ruins and lot. Since that time the town has l)een without a town hall, and its meetings have been held in halls leased for the purpose. FORTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 637 MEETING-HOUSES. The first meeting-house of the First Parish was situated about a mile south of the present edifice of that parish. It was located in the road in front of the gravej'ard. It faced south, and the travelled part of the road passed by the west end of the building. The parsonage was a small, one-stor}' house, situated just south of the gravej'ard, and faced the road. In front of the meeting-house stood the stocks, and in the rear was the whipping-post. North of the graveyard was a pound, with a substantial fence, gate, lock, and ke}'. The boards for this meeting-house are said to have been brought from Richmond Fort. The interior was never finished ; the walls were left bare, and as there was no ceiling, the roof-timbers were exposed to view. The pews Avere large and square, with seats on three sides. Over the pulpit was a sounding-board, which was sup- ported by two iron rods running obliquely from the posts to the front of the sounding-board. During the Revolution the east end of the house, next to the roof, was partitioned oflT and used as a powder magazine. The building was never warmed b}' a stove or fireplace. In scA'ere weather man}' persons carried foot-stoves to meeting with them. First Meeting-House jn Brl'nswick. The municipal doings of the town regarding this building are of interest and are therefore inserted here. The first movement lookino- to the erection of the building was made in 1719, as will be seen from 638 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. the following extract ^ from the Records of the Toioishfjy of Bruns- wick : — "■ Att a Leagual Town meeting in Brunswick Jan'' 9 : 1719 Voted, That the Timber for a INIeeting House Be Prepared Raised & under- pin'^ as soon as may bee, Tliat whereas To methodize oversee & finish the work Capt Gjles, Elder Cochron, John Cochron, James Starrat & Joseph Heath are Chosen, This is Their authority for their proceed- ings in the S'^ work. And the Towns obligation to Discharge y* Debt Contracted b}' S'' Committee for y^ Compleating y^ above S*^ work Voted, That whereas it ma}- be an ease to Sum if the}' ma}' Dis- charge part of their Dues toward y* work b}' their own Labour therein as accation may Serve, The master Avorkman observing I-Cacli mans abillity & Labour Shall state their wages in proportion there unto y' So no injustice be Done "Joseph Hkatii Toion C'^" It would appear that little or nothing was done at that time, how- ever, as in 1721 it was voted : — " That the former Projections of raising a meeting house be revived. That thirty pounds monej' be raised by rate to carry on y^ S"^ work with a proviso that Each Inhiibitant ma}' be imploy*^ in the work so far as his ability' & proportion of y® S*^ Rate will alow Y"^ value of Each mans Daily labour to be Stated b}' the master workman & return"^ to y" Connnittee for over Seeing S^ work. Such part of the S*^ rate only to be Collected in mone}' as shall be soficient to pa}' the said master Workman his wages, and also the arrearages which Capt Gyles & Pleath Stand obliged to pay on y' Towns Account. The w^ork formerl}' Done in preparing Timber For y'^ S** House to be re- duised out of the rate of those who Did it. And Capt Gyles, Mr Wharton, John Cochron, James Smith, & Joseph Heath to be a Com- mittee to methodize y"' work." ^ The meeting-house was erected chiefly at the expense of the Pejep- scot proprietors, the agreement being that the inhabitants should erect the frame of the building and that it should be comi)leted I)}' the proprietors. Sashes, glass, doors, etc., were probably procured in Boston. The fulloAving account shows a part of the cost of the building : — ^Brunswick Records in Pcjcpscot Collection. ^Ibid. FORTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 639 The Gentlemen' Puopuietors of Brunswick To B. Laruabee July 28 1735 The account of stuff &c for the meeting house To 1070 ft Joyce Phiuk & Board @ 60/ p I\I 1438 ft Clear Boards at 80/ To fetching stuff fi'om y'= mill 3 men 2 daj's at 6/ . To Gundolow hire 2 days at 4/ .... To 4 days haling Boards Joyce & Shingles @ 15/ . To haling posts for scaffolds To 200U Clapboards (« 90/ To bringing them from Topsham 3 men 1 day . To 5 thick Boards for the Puli)itt .... To GOOO of shingles at 20/ To 2 1 80 feet of Joyce To 857 feet of 2-inch plank To .")00 Merchantable Boards To 1550 feet of Clear Boards ..... Septr To haling boards 3 days 2 men 4 oxen @ 24/ . To Boating Boards, Joyce &c from North Yarm 2 men days at 6/ Jan'y To half a thousand of Board Nails .... To l-i thousand of Clapboard Nails .... To treating the workmen To Gundalovvhire 15/1 man 2 days @ 0/ . . To 3 pair of rais'd Aches at 4/G .... To 200 ))oard Nails To 300 Clapboard nails To Spt'aks, brads, hangings for the Canopy To paid Capt Woodside for assisting in haling the Stuff To Banisters for ye Pews & Pulpitt stairs To paid Ml" Pearse for work done on the meeting house To paid said Pearse £3 5 1 3 D« 4 14 ]T IG 6 ■'; 10 15 13 10 4 3 12 IG 1 10 G G 1 7 12 G 6 G 5 6 3 15 15 4 1 17 G 123 2 5 £199 In 1755 the town voted to " repair the windows, long seats, and the underpinning of the meeting house." [1763.] In the year 17G3 the town voted to set off and sell thir- teen pews on the floor and sixteen pews in the galleiy of the west meeting-house, " 'Ihe oldest inhabitants that have no pews to have the preference in bn^'ing said pews." The proceeds were to be used to defray the expense of repairing and finishing the meeting-house. [17*J7.] Some difficulty appears to have arisen in 1797 in regard to the juris lictiou over and responsibility for the meeting-house, as in 640 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. March the town passed several rather contradictory votes in regard to the matter. In the first place it was voted that the town had }kj right to repair the west meeting-house, and that it ought to be repaired b}' the owners of pews.^ Then it was decided b}' vote that the irliole town should have all the privileges in the meeting-house that had been heretofore enjoyed. Third, that if there was an}' vacant space for pews, i\iQ proprietors had a right to sell it, and to use the proceeds for repairing the meeting-house. Finallj', it was voted that the owners of pews were not the sole owners of the meeting-house. The meeting-house was that 3'ear cut in two in the middle, one half was moved a few feet, and an addition inserted, the width of two pews. "2 It is not probable that any repairs were made to this building after this date, as in 1806 the First Parish erected a new building on the site of their present edifice. The old building was unoccupied for many years, excepting for occasional services. At one time, probabl}' about 1828, it was occu- pied for a short time by the Baptists. It was destroyed by fire in 1834, the fire being the work of an incondiar}'. The second meeting-house of the First Parish was erected at New Meadows about the year 1756. Previous to that time services had been held in a barn situated near the present residence of Bortlett Adams. In 1755 a proposition was made that the town should build a meeting-house at the east end of the town, but it was defeated. A connnittee was however chosen l)y the town to solicit subscriptions for this purpose, and the building was erected not long afterwards upon the ground now (1877) occupied by the barn of Mr. Ephraim Wilcox. Although the building was erected b}" subscription, yet inasnuich as those worshipping in it were members of the First Parish, and as the minister of the First Parish was instructed by vote of the town to preach at New Meadows a certain portion of the time, this meeting- house may properl}- be called the second meeting-house of the First Parish. This building stood unoccupied for man}' 3-ears, and was finallj' car- ried oflT piecemeal, from time to time, by those living in the vicinity, for fences, out-buildings, etc. The last remnant was carried away about the year 1834. The third meeting-house of the First Parish was begun in 1806, and was completed the next year. It was built by individuals who sold ' The Baptistff had ivithdraivn. 2 Mrs. Lamb, Dean Swift, and other ayed citizens. FORTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 641 the pews, and then the building was made over to the parish. The land was bought of Robert D. Dunning and William Stanwood, and not, as is believed by man}^ of the college. The college, however, contributed something towards the erection of the building, for the privilege of holding Commencement and other exercises in it, but has never had any other ownership in it than the right to the pews in the south gallerv. This meeting-house was built under the direction of Mr. Samuel Meleher, who was a superior workman. It is said that the underpin- ning for this meeting-house was brought here from Yarmouth, being hauled over Crip's Ledge. Reverend Samuel Eaton, of Harpswell, in his seventy- fourth year, and who had but just recovered from a fractured leg, made a prayer on the frame before it was raised. The outside was nearly finished before September 2, 1806, and the inside was fitted, temporarih-, for the 41 642 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. exercises of the first Commencement at Bowdoin College. The first bell ever rung in town was placed on this meeting-house. It was bought b}' subscription, but precisely when it was bought is not known. This meeting-house was also the first to be warmed hy a stove. In 1807 the building was dedicated. President Appletou preached the sermon from the text, " He hath loved our nation, and hath built us a s^'nagogue." In 18o;3 this building was remodelled and made more pleasant and commodious. In 1845 it was taken down, and the present edifice was erected upon its site. The spire of the present edifice was blown off in 186G. The Conference Room of the First Parish, on Centre Street, was erected in 1823. In 1841 it was sold with the land, and the building on Scliool Street, which w-as erected by the Second Baptist Society, and which had been occupied by them as their place of worship, was pur- chased and refitted for the Congregational vestry, and is still used as such. Baptist Meeting-Houses. — The first meeting-house erected by the Baptists was bviilt at Maquoit in 1798 or 1799. It stood about a mile below the old First Parish Meeting-House, on the right-hand side of the road where the old Maquoit burying-ground is. It was somewhat similar in appearance to tlie old First Parish Meeting-House, having no steeple, and being roughly finished. In 1853 it was sold to Samuel Dunning and moved to his ship-^-ard for a boarding-house. The next building erected b}' the Baptists w^as at New Meadows, in the 3-ear 1800. In 1848 it was taken down, and the present edifice erected on its site. The third Baptist meeting-house was what is now known as the Congregational Vestr}'. It was erected in 182G by the " Second Bap tist Society'," and occupied by them for about ten years. In 1841 it was sold to the First Parish. The fourth building erected b}' the Baptists was the one now occu- pied by the Catholics, on Federal Street. It was erected in 1829 by the Federal Street Baptist Societ}'. It cost about eight hundred dol- lars. It was sold to the Methodists in 1836, and w^as occupied by them until the erection of their present house in 18G6. Subsequently it was sold to the Catholics. The Maine Street Baptist Church was erected in 1840. In 1867 it was remodelled and greatl}- improved, at a cost of $2,000. The pul- pit and platform were remodelled and finished in black-walnut and FORTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, ETC., IX BRUNSWICK. 643 chestnut, to correspond with the newly arranged pews, which were also made of chestnut and without doors. The aisles were carpeted, the ceiling was frescoed, and gas fixtures were put in. Free- Will Baptist Meeting-Houses. — The first Free-Will Baptist Meeting-House was erected in 1810. It was a small, one-story build- ing, and stood quite near the Freeport line. What became of this building is not known. The society worshipping in it afterwards, in 1827, united with the Universalists and Congregationalists in building the Union Meeting-House at Growstown. The Village Church of the Free-Will Baptists, on O'Brien Street, was erected in 1876, the society having previously worshipped in Lemont Hall. The Uxiox Meeting-House at Groavstown was erected in 1827. This house was built jointly by the Free-Will Baptists, the Congrega- tionalists, and the Universalists. Reverend Sylvanus Cobb, a Univer- salist, preached the first sermon in it. It is still used by the Free-Will Baptists, and although it was built for a Union meeting-house, they have from the first had control of it for the greater part of the time. Uxiversalist ]Meeting-Houses — The first church edifice erected by the Universalists was situated on Federal Street, opposite the present High-School building, on the lot now owned bj* the Unitarians. It was built in 1828, and cost about seven hundred dollars, which in those days was quite a sum of mone}'. Mr. Anthony C. Raymond built the house, chief!}' at his own expense. When completed he sold pews to fifteen persons, and subsequently a few more pews were disposed of, but he was alwaA's the principal owner. The house was dedicated November 24, 1829. In 1847 or 1848 the building was sold to the Maqiioit Baptist Societ)', and it was removed to the junction of the old Harpswell and Mair Point roads, where it received the name of the Forest Church. In 1875 it was sold to the Grangers, moved back to the village, and placed at the corner of Union Street and Gilinan Avenue, where it is used as a hall. The second church building erected b}' the Universalists was what is now known as the Mason Street Church. It was built in 184G, the basement of the building and the land being the exclusive property of Mr. John L. Swift. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev- erend E. G. Brooks, of Bath (now Reverend Doctor Brooks of the Church of the Messiah, Philadelphia). The prayer of coiir=ccration was offered b}- Reverend George Bates, of Turner, recently deceased. Other parts of the services were performed by Reverend Giles Bailey, 644 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. the pastor, b}^ Reverend Seth Stetson, and b}' Reverend ^Y. C. George. The town clock and bell on this building were purchased chiefl}- by subscription, bj' citizens of Brunswick and Topsham, in 1847, the town of Brunswick appropriating, however, the sum of two hundred dollars toward the purchase of the clock. Colonel Andrew Dennison was the most prominently connected with the movement, and the sub- ject was started by him. He transacted the business, and the bills were made in his name as agent for the town. A bell weighing 1,700 pounds Avas purchased of Henry N. Hooper & Co., of Boston, but it was unsutisfactor}' in tone and was returned. Another bell was then purchased of George H. Holbrook, East Medway, Massachusetts, weighing 1,794 pounds, and costing $479.57. The same bell is now in use. The clock was purchased of Howard & Davis, Boston. It cost, including dial, hands, etc., and expenses of freight and putting up, $340.30. Methodist Church. — The Methodist Church on Pleasant Street is the onl}" one ever erected hy that denomination in BrunsM'ick. It was built in 1866. The society had previously worshipped in the building on Federal Street which they bought of tbe Baptists. The new edifice on Pleasant Street was begun in the spring of 1866 and was completed in December of the same year. It cost with the lot $9,000 ; nearly- the whole amount was raised l3y voluntary subscrip- tion and by the sale of pews. There was, however, a debt of about $1,000, which was finall}' paid in the year 1872. On December 5, 1866, the chapel was dedicated with the following services : — Invocation, by Reverend E. A. Helmershausen ; address, by Rever- end J. Colby; hymn (964th), by Reverend L. D. AYavdwell ; pra^'er, b}" Reverend D.B. Randall; reading of Scriptures, l)y Reverend C. C. Cone; hymn (968th), by Reverend Mark Trafton ; sermon, by the same, followed by an offertory, psalm of consecration, presentation, declaration, prayer of consecration, anthem, doxology, and benediction. In 1875 the church was thoroughly repaired, some marked improve- ments made, and the lot inclosed with a handsome and durable fence. The cost of these repairs and improvements was about six hundred and fifty dollars, which was promptly paid. St. Paul's Church, Episcopal. — This church was erected in 1844 and 1845, from plans furnished b}' Richard Upjohn, architect, of New York. The cost of the building and land was about $4,000, most of which was contributed by friends in Rhode Island, New York, and Philadelphia. It was consecrated according to the use and liturg}" of FORTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 645 the Pj-otestant Episcopal Church in the United States, on Friday, July 11, 1845. The deed of donation was read by lleverend Thomas F. Fales, rector of the parish, and tha sentence of consecration, by Reverend Robert B. Hall, of the Diocese of Rhode Island. Morning praj-er was conducted by Reverend Messrs. James Pratt, of Portland, and Alexander Burgess, of Augusta. The rector read the ante-commun- ion service, assisted b}' Reverend R. B. Hall, who read the epistle, and Reverend Francis Peck, of the Diocese of Mar^'land, who read the gospel. The consecration sermon was preached by Bishop Hen- shaw, of Rhode Island. Various changes have been made in the church. In 1858 the present arched ceiling was put in, under the open-timbered roof, to improve the acoustic properties of the building. Changes were made in the chancel furniture, but the most noticeable improvements were made by Reverend Mr. Taylor, in August, 1873, which have made the church so beautiful. The msmorial window to Bishop Burgess was placed in the chancel in 18G8, and that to Reverend Doctor Bal- lard in November, 1871. OTHER BUILDINGS. A description of the dwellings occupied by Thomas Purchase, Stev- ens, and others, among the ver}' earlj' settlers, would be interesting, but there is no record or tradition concerning them. The following account of ^1 Frontier Home, copied from Sewall's "• Ancient Domin- ions of Maine," will probabl}' give as good an idea of those ancient habitations as can now be obtained from any source : — "A simple structure of logs was reared from the buts of the an- cient trees, fallen b}' the pioneer axe on the spot where the}' were cut down for a clearing. The walls of a rectangular structure thus built were covered with bark or thatch. The enclosed earth was excavated for a cellar, which was un walled. The excavation was then planked over with riven logs of pine, and a trap-door in the centre of the floor- ing let 3'ou into the bowels of the primitive structure, consisting of a single room below and a garret above, to which a ladder led the ascent. In one corner of the log-walled room, a large fireplace opened its cav- ernous depths. The back and one side was built of stone, while a wooden post set the opposite jamb, supporting a horizontal beam for a mantel-piece. Through the bark, thatch, or slab roof, or outside and up the back wall of the building, was reared a bob-work of cleft wood, whose interstices were filled with mortar-cla}-, which, in place of 646 Ills TOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. biick and mortar, was called ' cat and clay.' On the hearth, usually a flat stone, an ample store of wood was heaped, which was felled at the door, while the capacious fireplace, glowing with light and heat from the blazing hearth-pile, not only illumined the whole interior, but afforded a snug corner for the indiscriminate stowage of a bev}" of little ones." Allusions to other buildings which are not now in existence, but the location of which is a matter of interest, will be found in other con- nections. What follows relates onl}- to such buildings as are known to have been built in the last centmy or in the early part of this centur}', and which are stiU in existence, either in whole or in part. Probabl}' the oldest house now standing in town is what is known as the RoBEKT Thompson House. It is on the south side of the road to Harding's Station, and is the first house to the east after passing Cooks Corner. It was erected by Cornelius Thompson, and has lieen owned in the Thompson family until 1S69. Cornelius Thompson owned the lot in 1738-9, and his first child was born in 1741. If, as is probable, the house was erected previously to the birth of this child, the liDuse is not less than one hundred and thirty-six years old. The chimney to this house is about four feet square at the top. The bricks are laid in day. The flooring boards are sixteen to eigh- FORTS, GARRISONS, CHURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 647 teen inches wide, and are treenailed instead of nailed. The west room, or parlor, is panelled on the sides and ends up to the windows, and is plastered above. The sides of the building on the north and east are bricked between the studs as high as the ceiling of the lower stor3'. This was done for warmth. In the corner of the parlor is a butfet with shelves, etc., elaborately moulded b}' hand. The frame of the house is of massive timber. The door-hinges are of wrought-iron, large, clums}', and of curious construction. The house faces the south. The present road north of the house was not in existence when the house was built. The occupants had a private road from the house leading southeasterly to the New Mead- ows River road, which was only a short distance off. The next oldest house in town is the IIinklet House, now owned and occupied by Chapin Weston. It is just north of the railroad, near Harding's Station. It was occupied b}' Doctor Dunken as early as 1775, and probably about 1770, as this latter was the date of his marriage. It was occupied, before Dunken had it, b}' Gideon H ink- le}'. Hinkley's first child was born in 1758, and his last one in 1770. If the house was built by Hinkley, it was probabl}' erected about 1756 or 1757, and on that supposition would now be one hundred and twenty years old. It may, however, have been built before Hinkley's time, as Thomas Westbrook owned the lot in 1737 ; and if the house was built by the latter, it would be nearly one hundred and forty years old, which would make it an older house than the Robert Thompson house just described. Jacob Weston, grandfather of Chapin, bought this house in 1783 or 1784, and it has remained in the Weston family ever since. It is similar in appearance and in construction to the Thompson house, and it does not therefore require a more particular description. The house now occupied b}' Deacon James Smith, at New Meadows, was built by Samuel Melcher prior to 17G8. The house once owned and occupied by Nathaniel Larrabee, and which was built somewhere about the time of the Revolution, is still in existence, and is owned b}' Grows & Bowker and used as a store- house. It is at New Meadows. The dwelling-house now occupied by the famil}' of the late Doctor John D. Lincoln is the oldest in the village. It was built in 1772 by Captain John Dunlap, who lived in it until the year 1800. During its occupation by Captain Dunlap it was a public house, and at one time Talleyrand was a guest in it. Between 1800 and 1806 it was occupied by Captain Richard Tappan. From 1806 to 1820, Henry Putnam, 6i8 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Esquire, lived in it. At the latter date it passed into the hands of Doctor Isaac Lincoln (whose wife was a daughter of Captain Dunlap), and from him it descended to his son, its late owner. There was a store in the yard south of the house, which was afterwards moved across the street, and is now occupied by Mrs. Griffin as a millinery store. What is now the town Poorhouse was built about 1775 by Thomas Thompson, a cousin of the brigadier, so that it is now over one hun- di'ed years old.^ The residence of Mrs. Joseph McKeen, on McKeen Street, was built in 1776, or soon after, by Samuel Stanwood, who occupied it until 1804, when he sold it to President McKeen. It was occupied b}' the latter from 1807 until his death, and has been occupied by the family of the late Joseph McKeen, Esquire, since that time. The building now occupied as an office b}' the Eastern Express Com- pany was built in the latter part of the last centur}- and was once used as a tol)acco manufactor}' b}' Coffin & Thurston. It then stood near the corner of O'Brien Street, where is now the residence of Mr. Benjamin Greene. It was afterwards removed by Daniel Stone and used as a store. The date of its erection and by whom it was built are not known. The building now standing on the northwest corner of Centre Street, occupied in the lower part by John II. Brackett, tailor, and by Larkin Snow, grocer, and the upper story of which is used as a tene- ment, was built with one stor}' in 1797 by Colonel William Stanwood. In 1804 he added another story to it and fitted it up as a law office for his son, David Stanwood, Esquire. The lower part was used for a store. This building stands within a few feet of the spot where McFarland's blacksmith shop once stood. The latter was torn down in 1797 and Stanwood's shop erected in its place. The house now occupied by Mr. R. T. D. Melcher, on Maine Street, was built in 1798 by Mr. Shimuel Owen, and afterwards was sold to Mrs. Greenleaf, and was subsequently sold to the present occupant. The next house north of the above, which formerl}^ stood very near to it, was bnilt b}* Shimuel Owen, and was occupied by him until he built the Melcher house. Colonel Estabrook lived in this house in 1802. Mr. Owen at length sold it to a Mr. Read, a brother-in-law of his wife. It was afterwards sold to Captain Samuel Dunlap. His ' Dean Swift. FORTS, GARBISOJSrS, CHURCHES, ETC., IN BRUNSWICK. 649 widow married Reverend George Lamb, whom she survived. She still owns and occupies the property. The house of Caleb Cashing, now owned and occupied by James Alexander, on Maine Street, was built in 1799. A portion of the residence of Mr. William Pierce, on Lincoln Street, is quite old. It belonged to a house which was originall}' hauled from Fish-House Hill by a tailor named Robinson. In 1801 Robert Orr, Esquire, had an office in it. It was afterwards owned aud occupied b}' Doctor Charles Coffin, who sold it to Captain Thomas Growse, and he, in 1810, sold it to Mr. Ebeuezer Nichols. Kichols kept it as a public house for a few years, and his widow afterwards occupied it. After she left it the building was occupied as a private dwelling until 1838, when it was purchased b}' Mr. L. T. Jackson, was taken down, and rebuilt as a part of Mr. Pierce's house. The white cottage between Doctor Palmer's and Mr. Benjamin Dennison's, on Maine Street, was built and occupied previous to 1802 by Mr. Aaron Melcher. It was afterwards owned by Isaac Gates, a lawyer, and was sold b}' him to Major Rowe, a Revolutionarj- soldier, who still later sold it to Mr. L. T. Jackson, b}' whose heirs it is still owned. The present residence of the Honorable Charles J. Gilman was built by Captain John Dunlap in 1800, and it was for many years one of the finest residences in town. It is still a handsome abode. The small dwelling-house in Mr. Gilman's yard was built previous to 1800, and was occupied for some j-ears b}^ a watch-maker named Bisbee, whose shop stood nearly opposite. The house erected b}' John Dunning, a few years later, is the one still standing on the corner of Union and Pleasant Streets, and is now known as the Samuel Jackson house. What is now the back portion of Mr, S. S. Wing's house, on O'Brien Street, once belonged to old Timothy Weymouth, a wheel- wright, and a very eccentric man, who lived in it about 1802. In 1806 this house was moved into the woods to make way for the then new meeting-house of the First Parish. It was afterwards removed below Mr. Daniel Stone's house, and still later was moved to its pres- ent location. The present residence of Doctor Nathaniel T. Palmer was originally a one-stor}^ building, erected by Ebeuezer Nichols, He afterwards added another story and lived in it, following the trade of a shoe- maker. It was afterwards purchased by Secomb Jordan, a deputy sheriff", who fitted it up and improved its appearance, and sold it to 650 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. David Stanwood, wlio continued to live in it until it was sold to Abner Bourne. From the latter it passed to Doctor Solomon Cushman, and from him to Doctor Palmer. The gambrel- roofed house on Centre Street, near Federal, now occupied hy Mrs. Pierce, was originally connected with the residence of Doctor Goss, at Maquoit. It was hauled to the village earl}- in this centur}', by Doctor Page, and was used b}' him as an office, and was then situated in his yard, just south of his house. It was afterwards removed to its present location. The house now owned hy the heirs of Rodney Forsaith, on Maine Street, w^as built, in 179J:, b}' Major Swift, father of Dean and John L. Swift. The house now owned and occupied by Captain L. J. Joyce, on Noble Street, was originally tlie old tavern which stood in the north- W'est corner of the college 3'ard, and was afterwards taken down, and rebuilt in its present location. It was originally l)uilt in 18U3. The old house just north of the residence of Theodore S. McLellan, on Maine Street, was moved there from Maquoit, previous to 1S02, b}- a tanner by the name of Heath. This old house has had many occupants. It is now owned b}' Mr. McLellan, and leased b^- him as a tenement. The Page house, next south of the Mason Street Church, which is now occupied as a boarding-house, wnth stores below, was built in 1804 for a store, and was occupied by Jacob Abbot and Gustavus Goss. It was subsequently owned and occupied \)\ Doctor Jonathan Page. The Cleaveland house, on Federal Street, now the summer residence of Honorable Peleg W. Chandler, of Boston, was built in ISOG b}- the late Professor Parker Cleaveland, then a tutor in Bowdoin College. There are doubtless other houses than those that have been enu- merated, which might be entitled to mention on account of tlieir age or because in some way noted, but the foregoing are all in regard to which any thing definite has been ascertained. FORTS, GARRISONS, ETC, LY TOPSHAM AND HARP SWELL. G51 CHAPTER XXIV. FORTS. GARRISONS, CHURCHES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS IN TOPSIIAM AND HARPS WELL. FORTS AND GARRISONS. There is a statement in the Pejepscot Papers to the effect that the first fort erected in this vicinit}- was on the Topsham side of tlie river, and tradition speaks of an Indian fort on the ledge at the end of the bridge near where the old toll- house now stands. In 1GH4 Wharton ratified his treaty with the Indians at Pejepscot Fort.^ This could not have been Fort Andross, which was not erected until KiS.S, nor Fort George, which was built still later. It is therefore not improba- ble that the Indians had a fortification at or near the spot npon which tradition says there was one, and that it was there that Wharton rati- fied his treaty. There is no evidence that there was an Em/lish fort here at that time, and there is nothing to warrant such a belief. The tradition in regard to an Indian fort on the Topsham Island is not only mentioned by Williamson and other earl}' writers, but is also con- tained in a statement made by John Merrill, Esquire, which is pre- served in the collection of Pejepscot Papers. His statement was as follows : — " In answer to the Several Questions asked can only answer at present : " I came to Topsham first in April A. D. 17C0. Tlie fort taken by Capt" Church, as I was informed by Mr. Samuel Wilson, was some- where near where the Bridge now is and he said he had seen some of the remains of said fort and / saw an old cellar on the Island near where the bridge is, supposed to be an Indian Cellar. There were marks of a settlement where Merrill point so called, now is, — I don't know what built of — where was part of a gun or guns and a number of Indian knives of stone, — near a dozen I think, — made veiy curi- ousl}', one of which I gave to Bowdoin College." I See Part 1, Chapter 2. 652 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. The stutement that the fort taken by Church was at Pejcpscot is proved by Church's own journal ^ to be an error. Williamson, McKeen, and otheis have made the same mistake. There were tbrmorl}- quite a number of garrisons in this town, though not so many as in Brunswick. Near the spot where Mr. James AVilson's house now stands, there was at one time a block-house which had a tower, in which the women used to sit and siiin while the men were at work in the fields. If Indians were seen approach- ing, the women would blow a conch shell to warn the men. Shot, weighing three or four pounds each, have been ploughed up at different times in the surrounding field. There were several garrisons on the " Foresido," near Merrymeet- ing Ba}', the precise location and date of erection of which are not positively known. One of these was erected in 1756 and was under the charge of Captain Lithgow. A garrison-house was built by a IVIr. Gore about where TNIr. Collins Purington now lives, near the railroad station. There was another garrison on the vacant lot east of the village burying-ground, in front of the residence of Mrs. F. T. Furinton, and one on the hill above the Free-Will Baptist Mceting-House. The late Mr. Kufus Rogers dug up numerous Indian arrow-heads and other implements of war near his residence. GuN-IIousE. — The gun-house of the artillery company, which was built about 1S()8, perhaps earlier, was, after the disbandment of that compan3', sold to the proprietors of the Topsham Academ}', and was used for a wood-shed until the destruction of the Academy b}' fire. in 1857, after which it was purchased by the late Reverend Doctor Wheeler, and was converted into the carriage-house connected with his residence, where it still remains. CHURCHES. In 1759 the frame of the first meeting-house in Topsliam was erected by the settlers. The agreement between the proprietors and the settlers was that the latter should erect the frame of the building and that the proprietors should complete it.- It was the wish of the proprietors to pay for the work of finishing the meeting house by the sale of lots, and owing to the difficulty in obtaining pay for their lots, the work upon the meeting-house was dela^'ed, and in October, 17G1, it had not been boarded over. At that time Dr. No3'es wrote Mr. ^Dexter, Church's " Philip's War," pp. 50 to 56 ^Pejepscot Records. FORTS, GAliRISONS, ETC., IN TOPSHAM AND IIARPSWELL. 653 Freeman, " I expect the meeting-house will be covered before winter. John Patten sent to me for 15M shingle nails which are sent pr Stan- wood. Nothing further, at present, is intended than to secure the frame. "^ In April, 1 763, Dr. Nojes writes, " I have the sashes for the meeting-house in my custod}-, but until I receive money due from the settlers 1 cannot get them done." In June, of the same year, he writes. " B3' repeated complaints of the people I do not find that John Patten takes any care about the meeting-house, that the window- frames have lain exposed to the weather, the shingle nails rusted, and 1 can't persuade him to act in this service as I expected from him. The men that undertook to shingle the roof have not yet completed it." '^ Precisel}' when the meeting-house was finished is not known, but it was probabl}' shingled and clapboarded and partially finished inside during the summer of 1 764. This building stood about two arid one half miles east of the village, on the road to Bowdoinham, where the old buiying-ground is. It was similar in construction to the meet- ing-houses of Brunswick and Harpswell. After the erection of the second meeting-house of the First Parish this building was allowed to go to ruin, and was carried off piecemeal by different persons for fences and other purposes. The second meeting-house of the First Parish was built in 1821. It stood on what i^ now the High-School lot. It was about on a line with the present residence of Deacon David Scribner and the Frank- lin Family School building. It was built mainly by individuals resid- ing in the village, and was presented by them, conditionally, to the First Parish. This meeting-house was, both externall}' and internally, very different from the old one. It was much larger, and had a tall steeple upon which was a handsome vane. The windows were large and long, so that they lighted both the body of the house and the galleries. The galleries extended the length of the building on both sides and across the north end. They were supported b}^ pillars. The north gallery was for the choir, and here, subsequently, was placed a really fine organ, which was presented to the society by Major William Frost. It was the first organ used in Topsham. The pulpit was quite high, being almost on a level with the galleries. A flight of stairs on each side led to it, and beneath, just in front, between the stairs, stood the communion-table and chairs. Behind the pulpit was a large window, hung with heav}' drapery, which opened into the ves- try. The vestry was a room over the entiy, and was reached by the ' Pejepscot Papers. ^Ibid. 654 mtsTORY OF Brunswick, topsiiam, and tiahpswell. stairway on either side that led to the galleries. The pulpit was of mahogaii_y, and was considered a nice piece of workmanshi[). There were two longitudinal aisles and one broad, transverse one in front of the pulpit. There were sixt}' pews in the body of the building, and about fort3--two in the galleries. Those in the body of the building were oblong box-pews, and the doors were fastened with brass buttons. 'J'here was one pew- in the gallery, occupied by Mrs. Fields, that was higher than the rest and had windows in front, over which curtains could be drawn. The gallery pews were nearly square. The aisles were nicel}' carpeted, and the house was wanned b}- two large box-stoves. In the centre of the ceiling was a large dome, which was always a source of wonder to the children. There were two doors to the meeting-house on the outside, and two to correspond to these on the inside. Ai-ound the front of the gallery extended an iron rod, upon which were slid- ing curtains, Avhich could be closed or opened by the occui)ants of the lower tier of pews. The belfry never contained a bell, tliat in the Court House near b}- being used on Sunda3's to assemble the congre- gation. The Court House bell was the first bell ever placed upon an}' building in town, and was purchased by subscription. There was a lightning-rod upon the meeting-house, which rod for many years the daring youth of that period, regardless of danger to life or limb, were wont to ascend. Some of the companions of his youtli still live, who will romem])er many an earnest conversation with the writer while he was seated upon the gilded ball above the bell-deck. Their conversation, it is perhaps needless to say, was usuall}- of a serious turn, the lofty situation not being conducive to levity. This meeting-house was, about 1855, taken down, and rebuilt at one of the Brunswick ship-^ards for a boarding-house for the workmen. In 1875 this building was taken down and from the material a double house was erected on the lot on the west side of Union Street, at the corner of McKeen Street, Brunswick. The present Congregational JMeeting-House was built in 1836. The meeting-house of the P'irst Parish having passed into the hands of Unitarians, the Orthodox Congregationalists, who composed a majority of the church of the First Parish, united in building a new meeting-house. The following is a copj' of the subscription paper which was signed by those who contributed to the erection of the new building : — " Whereas the First Parish in Topsham, in the County of Lincoln and State of Maine, are destitute of a suitable and convenient house of worship, and tlie Congregational Church therewith connected and FORTS, GARBLSONS, ETC., IN TOPSIIAM AND HARPSWELL. 655 others are contemplating purchasing a lot of land and erecting and completing a suitable and convenient house of public worship for the particular use and benefit of the Orthodox Congregational Church: and whereas in pursuance and in execution of an agreement hereto- fore made b}^ us and others for this purpose, a committee has been raised and appointed, consisting of John Barron, Nahum Perkins, John Tebbetts, Alfred White, Hugh Patten, and Given Jameson, who have already purchased materials and made other purchases, contracts, and arrangements to carry into execution the purposes aforesaid : " Now know all persons that we whose names are hereto subscribed do hereb}' severally, each for himself and not for the others, covenant, engage, and agree to and with said committee and the survivors of them and their legal representatives to take the share or shares herein by us respectively subscribed for in said meeting house, and to pay to said committee or any one of them, or other agent b}' them appointed, our just and respective proportions of the cost and expenses of pur- chasing a lot and building a house as aforesaid ; and we hereby au- thorize and empower said committee to go on with and complete the purchase of land and building a house aforesaid in such way and man- ner as the}- may think best, hereby ratifying and confirming whatever the}' ma}- do in the premises. " Witness our hands and seals at Topsham this ni neteenth day of October, A. 1). 183G, " John Barron, three shares. Nahum Perkins, ii " John Tebbetts, two Alfred White, four Hugh Patten, two Alfred S. Perkins, 1.1. Stockbkidge Howland, u Willis Sprague, i( Lemuel Thompson, u Matiiew Patten, one Joseph Patten, li Joshua Foy, u Isaac L. Cook, (( John IL Alexander, u John B. Larrabee, two Joseph Barron, (( James McKeen, a Given Jameson, a David Alexander, one '• James H. Sandford, two u 656 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. " A true copy of the original. "Attest: " Isaac P. Tkbbetts." Tlie bell on this meeting-house was the gift of General Yeazie. It cost about seven hundred dollars. Subsequent!}' it was cracked and recast. The first Baptist or " Old Yellow Meeting-IIouse " was Ituilt in 17!)o. It was situated about two miles west of the village in llie lot adjoining the old burjing-ground. It was forty feet long and thirty feet wide. It was built chiefl}' b}* Joseph Hale}', Cai)tain Actor Pat- ten, 1st, John Merrill, Telatiah Halej", and James Purington. It was unused for man}- years, and was finall}^ taken down, and rebuilt for a boarding-house at one of the ship-yards in Brunswiek. The Baptist Vestry was built in 1819. It was situated opposite the village burying-ground, on the corner of the grounds now occupied by the Franklin Famil}' School, and was built over the brook, which is still to be seen there. It was a long, low, one-story building without a steeple. In 1840 it was purchased hy the town for a town-house, and was used as such for man}' years. The present Baptist Church was erected in 1835. The first meet- ing held in it was in Maj' of that 3'ear. When first built and until 1870 there was a gallery' over the porch ; the pews were oblong with doors, and the pulpit was quite high. In 1870 the building was greatl}' improved both internally and external!}-, and it was enlarged b}' an addition of some five or six feet in front. Tlie gallery and l)u!pit were talvcn down and a new pul[)it erected, the pews were remodelled, and the l)ui!ding thorougldy repaired, at a cost of upwards of $2,.'J00. The bell on tliis church was purchased in 183G l)y sub- scription, tlie larger portion of the cost being paid by Deacon David Scribner. The Free Will Baptist Meeting-House was erected in 1837. The cost of the building was about S3, 000. It has been kept in good repair, but it remains to-da}' substantially as it was first built, having never been remodelled. COURT HOUSE. The Court House was built in the year 1800, It was situated about midway between the residence of Deacon David St libner and the Franklin Family School building. The illustration shows the appear- ance of the building previous to 1835, at which time it was remodelled. In 1848, Topsham being no longer a half-shire town, the building was FORTS, GARRISONS, ETC., IN TOPSIIAM AND IIARPSWELL. 657 sold to the proprietors of the Topsham Academy. It was again remodelled, and was used as an academy until a short time before its destruction l)v fire, which was on December 3, 1857. Court IIous-e. TOWN-HOUSE. In 1840 the town purchased of Joshua Haskell the Baptist vestry and lot for the sum of two hundred and twent^'-five dollars, and paid three hundred and seventy-five for finishing the building inside and outside, and also paid fort}' dollars for a stone drain, to secure the town-house and road from washing. This was the first and only town- house owned by the town, and its total cost was only six hundred and fort}' dollars. It was finally torn down in 1864, the town having made arrangements with the Sagadahoc Agricultural Society' for the use of their hall for town-meetings. OBSERVATORY. An observaoory was built upon Mount Ararat, at some time between 1830 and 1840. The project was started by the late Doctor James McKeen, and the structure was built by subscribers. The observatory was about fifty feet high. It was made of four trees, hewed, and set 42 658 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AXD IIARPSWELL. up slanting. The trees were fastened together with joists and were boarded over. Inside, a flight of stairs led up to the " lantern" or standing-place, which was large enough for three or four persons to occupy it at one time. From this observatory a fine view of Casco Bay could be obtained, and sometimes the "White Mountains could be seen from it. This structure remained standing some seven or eight years, when the stairs having become somewhat rotten, it was thought unsafe, and was consequenth' given to a poor man, who used a portion of the lumber for a pen for animals and the rest for firewood. OTHER BUILDINGS. The oldest house now standing in Topsham is probably the " Old Red House," about two miles from the village on the road to Bow- doinham. Precisely when this house was built is not known, but it " Old Red House." must have been previous to 1770, as it was at that time occupied by John Hunter as a tavern. The same grooved clapboards, split out by hand, which were originalh" used on it, are to lie found on it to-day. The interior, finished in panel-work, is novel to those living in modern houses. FORTS, GARRISONS, ETC., IN TOP SHAM AND HARP SWELL. G59 The Foster House on the "Foresicle" road, near the Narrows, was built in 1775, or very soon after, by Mr. Joseph Foster. The door fastenings and hinges were picked up b}' him in Portland, at the time that town was burned in 1775, and were used in tlie house that he was then building. The present Merrill Homestead was erected in 1 785 b}' John Mer- rill, and is 3'et in excellent condition. Previousl}' to building this house, Merrill lived in a log- house, which was situated a short distance in the rear of the present building. The log-house was built in 1760. The house now occupied b}' Swanzey Wilson, situated on the Bowdoinham road, just be3'ond C^'rus Purington's, was built about 1 79 1, b}' James Wilson, for Doctor Emerson, who occupied it for sev- eral ^ears. After him. Doctor Parker lived in it for a few j'ears. Another very old residence is on the baj', or " Foreside " road, about three miles from the village. It is now occupied by William Douglass. Whether or not it is the original house first built on the place is uncertain. The original house was once barricaded for pro- tection from the Indians. Another of the old houses is the Rogers Homestead, situated on the Bowdoinham road, about three miles from the village. The main house was erected about the year 1773, and was for some eight or ten 3'ears used as an inn. The huge chimney now standing, said to be the first brick one ever built in town, was put up by JMr. Andrew White- house, a mason of the first order. His plastering upon the walls excited the admiration of all who 'came from far and near to see it. This house was afterwards made into a double tenement, and occupied by his son, the late Honorable George Rogers, and is now occupied by tlie family of the late George A. Rogers. The house now owned and occupied by James Wilson was built b}' his father, James Wilson, previous to 1792. The Coffin House, on Main Street, nearly opposite the old bank, was occupied b}'- Francis Tucker as earl3- as 1800, and for many years after. It was originally a one-stoiy building, and Tucker added the second story when he converted it into a public house. The Major Frost House, now occupied as the Franklin Family School-house, was built in 1806 by Captain Daniel Holden, the Freemasons paying largely toward defrajing the expense for the privilege of having a lodge-room in it. Mr. Nathaniel Green kept a tavern in it, between 1831 and 1836, to accommodate persons attending court. Dancing-schools were often kept in the hall after it was vacated by the Freemasons. From Green's hands it passed to 660 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Major Willifim Frost. It was sold hj the widow of the latter, in 185G, to Warren Johnson, who converted it into a hoarding-school house. The house now occupied b3' Daniel A. Tlall, on Elm Street, was Ibrnierl}' the residence of Natlianiel Melcher, and was probably built previous to 1800. The Stockhridge Howland House, on Elm Street, was occupied by James Stone, father of the late Colonel Alfred J. Stone, in 1802. At the time of his residence there was open land, under cultivation, owned l)_v Gideon Walker, to the north and east of it. The date of erection of this house, and by whom it was built, is not known. What is known as the Rachel Patten House was formerly occu- pied by Joseph Swett, who married a daughter of Captain Actor Patten. It was built as early as 1800. The house now occupied by Collins Puuington, near the depot, was built in 1810, by Captain Ezekiel Pnrington. John Jameson was the master workman. The Charles Thompson House, on Green .Street, near its junction with Main Street, Avas built In* Isaac Johnson, not far from the A'ear 1800. The Porter House, on Elm Street, nearly opposite the gravej^ard, was built by Doctor Porter in 1802. When he moved to Camden in 1829 the house passed into the hands of Governor William King, who was his brother-in-law. AVhile Governor King oAvned it, IMrs. Field occupied it for some 3'ears for a school. In 1813, Francis T. Purinton purchased it. and it has ever since been occupied b^' his family'. It is on one of the best locations in town, and was, doubtless, at the time it was built and for many 3'ears thereafter, one of the finest homesteads in the village. The AValkkr Homestead, on the corner of INIain and F.lm Streets, was built, in 1809, by Major Nathaniel AValker, who was married and moved into it the following year, and resided there ever after until his death, in ISol. The French roof was placed upon it for a picture- gallerj', in 18G7, by the present proprietor, ' olonel Wildes P. Walker. Other improvements were also made upon the outside, and to the grounds, which render it now one of the handsomest residences in town and an ornament to the village. The interior has been pre- served substantially as it was originall3' built. There are probably other houses in town as old as those mentioned, but nothing definite has been learned concernintj them. KiRTS, OARRISONS, F/IC, IN TOPSllAM AXI> UMiP^^^VELL 6G1 c H W P> t) o CO p Q !> I— I 662 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. HARPSWELL. Forts and Garrisons. — The only fort ever constructod in Harps- well was made during the war of 1812, on the land now owned by Woodbury S. Purinton, at the mouth of New Meadows River. It was a simple earthwork, the foundation of which was made of logs. A mound of earth and a few decayed logs mark its location There was a garrison or block-house for defence against the Indians, on the north end of Bailey's Island. It was at the Narrows, between Garrison Cove and the main ba}-, within twenty feet of the shore. The stone foundations have been seen b}' some of the older inhabitants ; but when the land was put under cultivation, all the stones were rolled over the bank, and there are now no traces of the garrison to be seen. About 17G4, Joseph Orr built a large block-house on the farm now owned by Bradbury AVilson. It stood near the middle of Orr's Island, on the northwest side of the hill, northwest of the present house. This block-house was standing within the memor}- of Captain -James Sinnett, of Baile3''s Island. There is now no trace of it to be discovered. On the Neck, on the point of land now owned b}' Paul Stover, there was a block-house ; by whom erected, or at what date, is not known. It was taken down b}- Daniel Kandall and erected as a store- house, near his dwelling. In 1822 it was again taken down, and re- built as a dwelling, which is still standing. It is quite probable that there were other block-houses or garrisons on the Neck, and also on Great Island, but these are all of which we have an}' account. CHURCHES. The old meeting-house of the First Parish in this town was prob- ably commenced about the year 1757 or 1759. Elisha P>aton, son of the Reverend Elisha Eaton, who was a carpenter living in Boston, wrote in his diary, August 7, 1757 : — " getting stuff for window frames and Sashes for Meeting house which is for North Yarmouth 3'* sec'd Parish." " Sept. 21. Caping window frames for meeting house." "' 1759 June 13th. Puting sashes on board y^ vessel for Meeting house at Harpswell." " Octo. 6th, sail'd for Harpswell — arrived there y" 8th where I tarried until Nov. 27th." Altliough there is no proof, j^et it is quite likel}' that Mr. Eaton worked upon the meeting-house during his stay in Harpswell, and probably put in the windows he had been so long at work upon. FORTS, GARltlSONS, ETC, IN TOP^^IIAM AND HARPSWELL. 663 From an examination of tlie town records it appears that this house was a long time in being completed. At a special meeting of the town, November 14, 1774, it was voted that the " Advance ground in the Galleries and seats in the same shall be for the use of the Parish, except the Pew in the Front of the Front Gallery, the}' (the members of the Parish) paying the cost of the Same." And it was also voted "to put in the glass wanting in the meeting-house, mend the putt}', Prime the Sashes and window Frames." At another meeting held the same year it was voted to la}' a floor in the porch, build the stairs and doors in the porch, put up the breast- work in the galleries, and i)ut in the seats there, and to mend the windows. Nothing further seems to have been done until June, 1781, when it was voted to shingle the "four side" of the meeting-house, and to hang the doors. This completed the work on the church until January 16, 1792, when it was voted that there should be " four pews Iniilt in the body of the meeting-house on the Neck adjoining the pews now built, two on each side of the front allej'," and that the money arising from the sale of the same should be expended in repairing the meeting-house. Also, that the pew ground should be sold at auction. In November, 1797, the town voted to sell ten feet two inches of the pew space in each side galler}-, the purchaser to pay two dollars down and the balance in ninet}' days, or forfeit the whole. At the sale, pew No. 5 was bid off to William Dunning, Jr., at twenty-one dollars ; No. 4 to Walter Merryman, Jr., at twenty-five dollars ; No. 3 to Joshua Bishop, at twenty-six dollars and fift}' cents ; and No. 2 to Aleck Stover at the same price. This meeting-house was occupied b}' the Fii'st Parish until 1844. At a meeting of the parish held May 31, 1841, it was voted, "to take out the iusides of the meeting-house, as far as necessary, take off the porch, turn the house round end to the road, and rebuild the inside of the house," and that Joseph Eaton be a committee to consult an architect and estimate the expense. It was also voted that the meeting house should not in future be used for town purposes, and that Eaton should inform the selectmen of this vote. At a meet- ing held Jul}' 5, the parish committee were instructed, in case the selectmen thought the town had a claim on the meeting-house, to refer the matter to some legal authority, and the committee were emjjowered to sue, and to defend the rights of the parish. At a parish meeting, held March 26, 1842, it was voted to petition the District Court for leave to sell the meeting-house at pri\ate sale, 664 niSTOJRY OF Brunswick, topsham, and habpswell. or otherwise, with or without the land on wliich it stood, as might be thouoht advisable. The al)0ve illustration will convey a very good idea of the appear- ance of the pnlpit and the pews on either side, and of the gallery and walls. The last entry in the parish records is dated September 27, 184-2. It was called in the legal manner, and a legal return was made upon the warrant, and was signed by the person who notified the members and by the parish clerk. For some reason, however, it was not deemed legal by some. The entry reads as follows : — " At a certain meeting purporting to be a meeting of the First Parish in Harpswell held on the 27, of Sept. 1842, and which was called by Washington Garcelon, Jus. Peace, issuing his warrant to Thomas Alexander, voted as follows — Thomas Alexander, Modera- tor ; after which the meeting was objected to bv a member of said Parish, in behalf of the Parish, and they refused to act, as being ille- gal on account of its not having been notified by said Alexander. "Voted, that a Committee of three be chosen to remonstrate at Court against the Meeting House being sold. Voted, Joshua Stover, Rnfus Dunning and Simeon Stover 2d. be this committee. Voted, that this committee have power to call on papers and witnesses. FORTS, GARRISONS, ETC., IN TOPSHAM AND HARPSWELL. 665 Voted, that John Stover be an agent to cany the remonstrance to Court. Voted to pass over the 3d article in the warrant [to see if the parish would repair the meeting-house] . Voted, that all votes passed on the 26th of March last, concerning the sale of the Meeting House, be rescinded. Voted, that the Meeting House be occupied as it has been. Voted, not to assess an}- money for the support of the Minis- try-. Voted that this meeting be dissolved. "Attest. "William C. Eatox, P. Chrh:' After this date the meeting-house remained, for the most part, unused, until 1850, when it was taken possession of by the town as a town-house and selectmen's office. This Ijuilding, though proliabl^' one hundred and twenty years old, is still standing, and in use as a town-house, and is in a fair state of preservation. The boards, an inch and a half thick, and the l)irch bark covering the cracks beneath the clapboards, are still to be seen in it, as well as the curious lunges and the original hand-made nails. The old meeting-house of the First Parish, on Great Island, was built aliout 1770, and was taken down in 1843. It was similar, both externally and internally, to the old meeting-house on the Neck, and does not, therefore, require further description. The Centre Congregational Meeting-House on Harpswell Neck, directly opjiosite the old First Parish Meeting-House, was built in 1843. It was built by individuals who entered into the following agree- ment : — " We the subscribers being desirous to have a meeting-house built in the vicinity of the old meeting-house on Harpswell Neck, to be e\ er owned, managed, and conducted by the Congregational Society in Harpswell, with the privilege of its being occupied by others hold- ing evangelical sentiments, at the request of any pew-holder, when not occupied b}' the said Congregational Societ}'. To contain about forty- pews, with a belfiy and steeple, and to be of such dimensions as the building committee and some experienced joiner shall deem best. " And we hereby agree to take the number of pews set against our names, and to pay the assessments as agreed upon at any regular meeting of said subscribers, the first meeting to be called by the Imilding committee or any three of the subscribers, to choose such officers and 666 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. make such regulations as said meeting may think proper, and to determine the manner of calling future meetings. And the build- ing committee to be Silvester Stover, Clement INIartin, and James Stover. And all who can convenientl}', to pay in to the Building Committee. •' Silvester Stover . Joseph Stover . Dominicus Jordan George S. Dunning . James Stover Isaac Dunning . William Barnes . Joseph Eaton . Jacob Merryman "William C. Eaton Hugh Farr Elisha Allen, Jr. Abraham Allen James Dunning Simeon Orr Richard Orr, Jr. Stephen Sinnet, Jr. . Michael Sinnet . Norton Stover, 2d Clement Martin . George R. Skolfield . Daniel Randall . George Skoltield Mary Skolfield . At their first meeting the foregoing proprietors voted to purchase three sixteenths of an acre of land of Elisha Stover, for the meeting- house lot. At another meeting of the same, held June 30, it was voted, in explanation of one clause of their agreement, " that when the meeting-house is not supplied by Congregational preaching, it shall be opened on the Sabbath under the direction of the committee or agent having charge of it, and at the request of one or more pew- holders, for preaching b}' other authorized ministers in regular stand- ing, holding the sentiments commonly called Evangelical, such as the atonement, regeneration, the special influences of the Holy Spirit, 10 pews .. " FORTS, GARRISOXS, ETC., IN TOPSHAM AND HARPSWELL. 667 and future retribution. But for preachers of otlier sentiments than those referred to, and for all other public occasions and uses whatever, it cannot be opened except in the usual wa}-, viz., by the committee or agent acting under the direction of the Congregational Society." It was also voted at this meeting that Joseph Eaton, George R. Skol- field, and George S. Dunning be a committee to take measures in regard to forming a new^ parish, whenever it should be thought expe- dient. At a meeting of the proprietors, held September 25, George R. Skolfield, James Stover, and Daniel Randall were cliosen a committee of arrangements for the dedication. It was also voted, " That we, the proprietors of the new meeting-house recently built on Harpswell Neck, do hereby convey and transfer to the Centre Congregational Parish in Harpswell when formed, all our right, title, and interest in and to said meeting-house, authorizing said parish to give deeds of conveyance to any persons who may purchase pews in said bouse, and to do such other acts as ma}' be legalh' done by parishes in respect to meeting-houses." The Union Meeting-House on Harpswell Neck was built in 1841, and was dedicated by the Universalists on the twent3'-first of Septem- ber of the same 3'ear. It is situated near the academy in North Harpswell. The Methodist Church on Harpswell Neck was erected in 1854-5. Work upon the building was commenced in October, 1854, when there were but seven members in the society, which was then under the pastoral charge of Reverend George C. Crawford. Captains Norton Stover and Nathaniel Pinkham assumed the entire pecuniary re- sponsibility. The building was dedicated May 17, 1855, and on that day the pews were sold. The cost of the building was about S4,000. The Orr's Island Meeting-House, the first and only one ever built on that island, was erected in 1855, and is occupied one quar- ter of the time each by the Methodists, Free Baptists, Calvinist Baptists, and Congregationalists. The original owners were members of the three churches on Harpswell Neck, A Free Baptist Church was organized after the building was erected, and the above arrange- ment as to meetings was made. OTHER BUILDINGS. Probabl}' the oldest house now standing on Harpswell Neck is the one occupied b}' Horatio Toothaker. It is situated a short distance ijQS HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. east of the academy. It is a large, square-roofed liouse, and was built bv Deacon Andrew Dunnins: in Miu. The Andrew Dunning IIolse. The house now owned by Paul Randall, which is set in from tha road a short distance below the Baptist meeting-house, at Harpswell Centre, is of about the same age as the preceding, but the precise date of its erection cannot be ascertained. The ^i'Bi framed house on Sebascodigan Island was erected in May, 1764, by Colonel Nathaniel Purinton. It was a large two-story house. This house w^as taken down in 1850 and another erected in its place, but tlie barn, which was built the same year as the old house, is now standing, and has been in constant use for one hundred and twelve years. About 17G7, Reverend Samuel Veasey built a large two-story house on the lot a few rods northwest of the burying-ground on this island, which was afterwards sold to Captain Isaac Rich, and was occupied by his descendants until within a few 3-ears. It has recent!}' ])een taken down. About 17fi0 a one-story house was built on this island, near Condy's Harbor, by James Eastman. It is still standing, and is now occupied by Mrs. Adaline Elliott. The oldest house on Orr's Island and the oldest in the toivn is un- doubtedly that built by Josp:ph Okr. It is situated on a point of FORTS, GARRISONS, ETC., IN TOPSHAM AND HARPSWELL. 669 land about one half mile northwest of the middle of the island, and was probably erected about 1756. The sills are ten inches and the beams eight inches in diameter. Tliis house is now owned and occn- })ied by Bradbury and Elbridge Wilson. Another old house on this island is that built by Michael Sixnett. It was probably erected about 1777 or 1787. It is not unlikely that there are other very old houses still standing in Ilarpswell. A lack of personal knowledge of the town, however, and the great difficulty tbenrfs in determining the age of a building concerning which there is no documentary evidence, prevents us from mentioning others. 670 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, T0PSHA3I, AND HARPSWELL. CHAPTER XXV. INTERESTING RELICS IN BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. IN BRUNSWICK. The relics that will be mentioned in this chapter are of articles that originall}- belonged in this vicinity or that were brought here b}- the earl}' settlers. The christening basin of Robert Jordan, son of Reverend Robert Jordan who came to this country in 1640, was in the Jordan famil}' in this town until 1854 or 1855, when it was sold to Honorable Seth Storer of Scarborough. This basin was made of finely wrought brass, and was probably purchased about the j-ear 1G40 or 1650. A book entitled '• Burkett's Commentary on the New Testament," which is said to have been brought over to this countr}- in 1040 b}' Reverend Robert Jordan, is in the possession of Mrs. Narcissa Jordan, of Bath. Honorable Charles J. Oilman has, in a fair state of preservation, a Bible once owned by Reverend Robert Dunlap. It was printed in 1698. He also has a silver mug, of about a quart in size, which was the property of Captain John Dunlap, and is now over a hundred years old. It is of solid silver and very heavy. It was used for drinking flip. The late Doctor John D. Lincoln had the first silver dollar ever owned by his grandfather, Captain John Dunlap, who is said to have been at his death the richest man in Maine. The doctor had also a silver flagon with the arms of the Toppan familj' engraved upon it, which was the property' of his grandmother Dunlap, and is upw'ards of one hundred 3'ears old. He had also a fire-fender which once belonged to General Knox, and which is an elegant article. The doc- tor had also a collection of coins which is one of the finest collections in the State. There is in possession of the Woodside familj' a portrait of Rev- erend James Woodside, who preached in Brunswick in 1719. It bears date " 1720, by Gibson." RELICS m BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 671 The hat-box of William Woodside and a brass warming-pan once owned b^' him are now in the possession of the Woodside family. The hat-box is triangnlar in shape, each side being eighteen inches long, and the depth of the box is six inches. The box is covered with a figured paper, and is lined with newspapers bearing the date 1761. It was made to contain the triangnlar hat which Woodside used to wear. The church of the First Parish in Brunswick has in its possession nine pieces of sacramental plate, which were given to the church in 1737. Of these are two flagons, upon one of which is inscribed, '-^ Gift of Benjamin Larrabee Esquire, 1737"; and upon the other, Gift of C ipt. Jiihn Minot, Esq. 1737, To the Church of Christ in Brunswick." 'Ihe other pieces are three plates and four cups. Two pewter plates, a part of the wedding outfit of William and INIar}' S3lvester, who were married in 1736, and who moved to Harps- well soon after, are now in the possession of Mrs. George E. Springer, of Brunswick, who is their great-granddaughter. Mrs. Springer has also a wooden candlestick, made by Mr. S3'lvester with a jackknife. It consists of a wooden shaft about four feet high, an inch and a half in diameter at the bottom and for half its length, the upper half being about three fourths of an inch in diameter, and is cut like a screw. Upon this staff a cross-arm screws up and down. At each end of the cross-arm there is a socket for a candle, the screw allowing the can- dles to be raised or lowered as desired. In possession of the Maine Historical Societ}' is the gun which was captured from an Indian in 1725 by James Cochran. Mr. Chapin Weston has a basket made by bis great-grandfather, Jacob Weston, in 1775. It is what was called a bottle basket^ being made of the right shape anil size to carr}^ a large bottle. The dimen- sions are twelve inches deep, and six inches square across the top, tapering slightly towards the bottom. It is made of white-oak strips, and the handle is made without a splice. It is a nice piece of work- manship, and must have been a convenic'ut article in the days when a bott e was carried wherever one went. It might also have served in the place of the modern canteen. Mr Weston also has a three-dollar bill, Continental money, dated 1777, it being a part of w4iat was paid Jacob Weston for his services as a private in the Revolution. Mr. Samuel Adams, of Bowdoinham, has in his possession a blank book which was used for arithmetical problems by Samuel Adams, who was a private in Captain White's company, of Brunswick, in Washington's armj-, while encamped at Valley Forge. The cover is 672 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. made of a piece of his tent cloth, and the strings were torn from a piece of cloth of which his breeches were made. Theodore S. McLellan, of Brunswick, has an axe which was made b}' Thomas Stone about the year 1795. T. M. Giveen, Esquire, has a yerj formidable club, which, it is said, was 3-ears ago taken from a " j-agger''^ during a conflict with the students. It is of hard wood, sixteen inches in length and about an inch and a half in diameter. At one end is a huge knot, into which a hole was bored and filled with lead. Nails were also driven into this end of the club and filed off, leaving sharp points about half an inch in length. There are four of these iron points. At the opposite end a groove was cut, to which a cord was tied. In the hands of a strong man, this club would be a deadly weapon. IX TOPSHAM. jMr. David Work has several relics. Among them are two small, leaf-shaped dishes which belonged to "Skipper" INlalcom, and are now one hundred and ten years old. The}' were probal)ly used to hold the snuftings of the candles. He has also a tabk'-i)late of the " Skipper's." He has, too, a cup and saucer which belonged to Mrs. William Randall, and are now more than one hundred and ten years old. He has also a pewter spoon and an iron fork which he dug out of the cellar of the house in which Doctor Philip G. Hoyt once resided. The supposed age of these latter relics is ninet}' 3'ears. A candlestick purchased in Boston in 1770, by Brigadier Samuel Thompson, is now the property of Mrs. Robert Tate. The base is of mavl)le surmounted b}' two bronze statuettes holding the brass socket for the candle. It was doubtless considered, at the time it was pur- chased, a handsome and valuable article. Mr. James F. Mustard has a gun of French manufacture, which is supposed to be over one hundred years old, and a pair of saddle-bags of about the same age. The late Mr. Rufus Rogers had quite a number of Indian relics, such as tomahawks, arrow-heads, stone tools, etc., which are now in the possession of the Maine Historical Society. An Indian tomahawk was dug up In 18G3 in a field near the house of William Sprague. Several cannon-balls — four-pounders — have been dug up in Mr. 1 The name applied by the colleye students to the rowdies ivho lived at the north end of (he toivn. The ivord is probably a corruption of the German YiJyer, meaning a hunter. RELICS IN BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 673 James Wilson's field adjoining his house, where was once a block- house. Various Indian relics have also been dug up there. There is in the possession of Mrs. Samuel Douglass a set of silver sleeve-buttons which were worn b}' Captain John Rogers at his wed- ding, about the year 1775. Mr. AV. W. Patten has a foot-stove which was used earh' in this century, and perhaps previously, for keeping the feet warm '' in meeting." It is made of perforated tin, in which were placed live coals, the tin being encased in a wooden frame. It is about nine or ten inches square. Probalilj- there are quite a number of other foot- stoves in existence in this vicinit}-, but this is the onlj' one we have seen. The family of Major Joshua Haskell have in their possession the arms and equii)ments which he used while in service in the war of 1812. IN HARPSWELL. Owing to a lack of personal acquaintance with many of the citizens of Harpswell, and to the scattered situation of its inhabitants, it has not been found practicable to obtain accounts of many of the relics which are doubtless preserved in private families as heirlooms. A sword once owned by Captain Johnson Harmon, a hero of the Indian wars in the early part of the last century, and which was probably worn by him in his attacks upon the Indians, is now the property of Captain A. C. Stover. It is straight, single-edged, with a deer engraved on each side of the blade, about six inches trom the hilt. The handle is of buck-horn. Mr. Da^ad S. Dunning, of Portland, formerly of Harpswell, has a little pocket-compass which Captain Andrew Dunning bought of a French prisoner, whom he was conveying from Quebec to Virginia shortly after the capture of Quebec in 1759. Mr. Stephen Purinton, of Harpswell, has a warming-pan which was once the property of the wife of John Merrill, Esquire, of Topsham. Its age is not known, but it is probably over a hundred years old. The sword of Nathaniel Purinton, of Harpswell, an officer in the Revolution, is now in the possession of Charles E. Purinton, of Bow- doinham . Mr. Stephen Purinton has a stone gouge which he found on a shell- bank on his premises. It is of hard sandstone, and is about five inches long by two and a half broad. Quite a number of flint arrow- heads have been dug up in this vicinity. There is in the possession of James E. Skolfield a part of a gun and 43 674 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. a knife which were ploughed out where a house is supposed to liaA-e once stood, though there is no account, traditional or otherwise, of any resident at that place. Mr. Skolfield's wife has also a salt-cellar, in good condition, in the shape of an oak-leaf, which is over one hundred years old. There is in the famil}' of Charles N. Leavitt a white earthen plate which was his groat-grandmother's. It is over one hundred and Mi\ 3'ears old. The picture on the plate is a representation of a party at a festival in the cabin of a vessel. Under it are the words, " The Captains Cabin." It is reall}' a fine thing. Thomas S. Skolfield has a gun which formerl}- belonged to Thomas Spear. It was given to Skolfield b}- Spear more than seventy years ago, and is supposed to be about two hundred 3'ears old. The following account of the discovery in Harpswell of an old Indian burying-ground, with some curious ornaments found on or near some of the skeletons, is taken from some notes written by the late Reverend Edward Ballard, D. D. On May 24, 1861, seven skeletons, evidently Indian, were thrown up b}' the ploughshare on the farm of Mr. Henry Barnes, on the eastern side of Middle Bay, near the shore. They were about twelve or fifteen inches below the surface of the ground, and la^' in the direc- tion of northeast and southwest. In the ground near these skeletons Avere found the following ornaments : — 1. Three copper tube?, a little less than half an inch in diameter, one being over a foot long One of these was filled with decaj-ed twisted bark, which was probably used as a cord. Four others were found that were onl}' two inches in length, and a little more than an eighth of an inch in diameter. They were attached in couples, as pendants, to two strings of prepared deer-skiu, which were curiously knotted at their point of union. 2. Four other specimens were found, made of the same thin cop- per, but of a conical shape, nearly three inches in length, half an inch at the base, and tapering to a quarter of an inch at the top, which were unattached when found. 3. Two flat thin pieces of brass, about two and three quarter inches long, triangular, more than an inch and a half broad at the base, and diminishing to about a quarter of an inch at the top, Avhere they Avere rounded, and had a hole showing them to have been designed as pendants. 4. More than sixty white shell beads, each a fourth of an inch long and a little less than an eighth of an inch in diameter, were RELICS IN BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. 675 gathered from the same spot. A spiral groove around the sides showed that the}'^ were made from tlie shell-fish which the Indians called " Quohock" (Venus mercenaria). "A shell furnished onl}' one grooved bead, which was taken from the thickest part near the hinge and rubbed down on sandstones to the proper length and thickness, and in oi'der to preserve the size necessarily leaving the groove where the ligament Avas attached, that secured the shells at the hinges. Two of these beads were slightly colored, and somewhat smaller, plainlj' showing, however, they were taken from the edge nearest the anterior portion of the shell. Between each of the beads were thin circular plates of dark purple shell, perforated, and appearing to have been made of the thin part of tiie same shell. They were called ' Suckanhoeks,' and were twice the value of the white. Both kinds were used as money, and also for the decoration of the necks of the wives and children of the Indians. On the same skeleton where these various ornaments were discovered, was a portion of hair well preserved, somewhat long, and gathered in a wrapper in the best state of preservation about the neck, made of braided bark, like basket-work, which soon fell to pieces when lirought into the air." One of the remaining skeletons was that of a child about eight years old. The other four were those of adults, and were buried at short distances from each other, with no regularity, except in the similarity of the direction of their graves. They presented no objects of interest Iteyond the fact of their discover}'. Two iron axes of European man- ufacture, ground for use, were found on the same day b}* means of the plough, at a short distance from the skeleton, on the same swell. They have no head above the e^-e. " Axes of similar shape, with long handles for bush and brancli work, are still in use among the Micraacs. These implements, however, may have been lost on the place b}' the first settler, whose name was MacNess, and who occupied the shore with two dwellings about two hundred 3'ears ago, of which the places are indicated by the cellars, which were deep, at the distance of two or three rods from the deposit of the relics." 676 Hla TOR Y OF BE UXS WICK, TOPSHA M, AND HARPS WEL L. CHAPTER XX VI. MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. An account has alread}' been given, in Part I, of tlie several engage- ments that occurred in this vicinity during the period of the Indian wars, and of the troops that were stationed here, and a list, neces- sarih' incomplete, of the soldiers from these towns will be given in the Appendix. This chapter goes no further back than the war of the Revolution and the events immediatelv preceding it. For some 3'ears preceding the actual commencement of hostilities the danger of a conflict batween the colonies and the mother country- had been anticipated in each of the towns whose history is being nar- rated, and Committees of Safety- and of Correspondence were estab- lished in all three of them. As to what particular acts were done by those committees but little is known, as no records appear to have been kept by them. It is known, however, that they kept up a correspondence with similar committees of other towns, more espe- cialh' with Boston and the larger places, and w^ere thus made season- abl}- acquainted with the condition of affairs over the whole country'. The earliest movement of a militaiy character, in this immediate vicinity, having an}' bearing upon the subsequent war, was in 1774. This 3ear the supph* of powder in each town was increased, patriotic speeches were frequently' made by public speakers, and nearl}' all able- bodied men were engaged in studjing the manual of arms and practising the drill. Some time during this 3'ear, Reverend Jacob Baile}', of Pownalboro', noted for his Tor}- proclivities, was stopped at Stone's tavern, in Brunswick, on his way home from the westward. He was accused of being a Tory and was uiged to sign •' the League." On his refusal he was allowed to depart, but was notified that he would be visited at his home the next week.^ [1775.] On April 19, 1775, commenced the opening struggle of the Revolution, at Lexington. It took but a few days for the news to 1 North, History of Augusta, p. 119. MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 677 reach Bnmswiek and arouse its inhabitants. A town meeting was called b}' the selectmen, who issued the following warrant for its assembling : — " Cumberland ss. 'To THE Constable or Constables of the town of Brunswick, " Greeting; " You are hereby required forthwith to warn all the inhabitants of the said town of Brunswick, qualified to bear arms, to meet at the west meeting-house in said Brunswick, on Thursday, the 27th inst. at ten o'clock in the forenoon, with their guns and what ammunition they have, in order that it ma}' be known the state of the town for defence ; and to determine what measures shall be gone into by the town to fur- nish materials for defence against any enemy that may invade it, and to act and do everything necessar}' for security iu this alarming situa- tion of affairs. " Given under our hands and seal this 25th day of April, A. D. 1775. "Nathaniel Larrabee, Thomas Moulton, Selectmen of Brunswick.^^ This meeting " was full}' attended and was remarkable for its great solemnity. All seemed deeply impressed with the magnitude of the dangers which were hanging over them and the importance of pre- serving order and tranquillity. There were some who breathed nothing but war and revenge on Great Britain, but who, when the crisis came, when the burden of the contest was falling heavily upon the citizens, when soldiers, provisions, clothing, and money were wanted and must be furnished by the town, moved with their families from town into the woods — now Durham and Lisbon — and escaped the heat and burden of the war. It was said that twenty moved from Bruns- wick at this time to be out of harm's way and save paying taxes. The Quakers settled in Durham about this time from a different motive. Lemuel Jones, falling into Brunswick, suffered his property to be dis- trained in the payment of war taxes, as did others of the Quakers. i" Upon the reception of the news of the battle of Lexington, Captain Lithgow and Lieutenant George AVhite, of Topsham, at once com- menced to collect a company of soldiers, and were very successful. This company went to Portland and were, under the orders of Colonel ' McKeen, in Brunswick Telegraph, July 1, 1854. 678 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Mitchell, put at work erecting a fort.^ They were discharged in November, and many of them re-enlisted under White, who was then a captain, and who, the same 3'ear, was made major of the regiment of which Samuel McCobb, of Georgetown, was colonel, and Dummer Sewall, of the same town, now Bath, was lieutenant-colonel. This regiment was ordered to join the arm}- under Washington, at Cam- bridge. In 177G it was ordered to Rhode Island. In the latter part of April, 1775. Captain Nathaniel Larrabee and Lieutenant Isaac Snow went to Condy's Harbor, at Ilarpswell, with a company of men from Brunswick and Ilarpswell. The}- were emplo^yed in erecting a fort there and in building barracks. The}' had two " wall-pieces," that were brought from Fort Halifax, and two swivels. A wall-piece was stocked, like a gun, with a lock. It was ten or twelve feet long, with a bore of two and one half inches. It would send twentv musket-balls across to Bear Island, over a mile distant. This company remained here until Christmas, and during their sta}' the British appeared off the harbor several times and fired at them. The fire was returned with these wall-pieces. Three daj's after the burning of Portland, which occurred October 18, this com- pau}- was ordered to Portland, and were employed for two weeks, under Colonel Finne}-, in building a fort on Munjoy's Neck. The}' then returned to Sebascodigan Island. These men were not regular troops, but were "minute-men."^ On the twenty-ninth of April, the following account of the state of affairs in this vicinity was written by Brigadier Thompson. The let- ter bears no address, but was probal>!y directed to the governor of the Massachusetts Colony : — " I this minute have an opportunity to Informe you of the State of our affairs at the Eastw'ard : that we are all Stanch for County's Ex- cept three men and one of them is Deserted, the other two is in lorns ; as for the vessels which attem*pted to Convey Stuff" to our enemies are stop' and I am about to move about two hundred of white pine masts and other Stuff" got for our Enemies use. Sir, haveing heard of the Cruill murders they have dun in our Province, makes us more Reso- lute than ever and, finding that the Sword is drawn first on their side, that we shall be annimated with that noble Spirit that wise men ought to be, until our Just Rights and Libei'tys are Secured to us. Sir, my heart is with every tru Son of America, tho my Person can be in but one place at once, tho very soon I hope to be with you on the spot. ^ McKeen, MS. Lecture. ^Pejepscot Papers. MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. G79 if an}' of my Friends enquires after me, Inform them that I make it m}' whole business to persue those measures Reeomraendecl by the Congresses ; we being nppon the Sea Coast and in danger of being in- vaded b}' Piriats — as the 27th of inst. there was a boat or barge came in to our harbour and River, and sounding as the}' went up the river. Sir, as powder and guns is much wanted in this Eastern Parts and also Provisions, Pra}' Sir have your thoughts something on this matter against I arrive, which will be as soon as busnes will admit. Sir, I am, with the greatest Regard to the Country, at heart your Ready friend and Humble Serv'. " Samuel Thompson.^ "Brunswick, April ye 29tli, 1775." Some time in June following. Captain Philip C. Randall, of Harps- well, on his way to Salem in his vessel, was forcibly' taken therefrom by an armed vessel and carried to Boston.^ About the same time Robert Fulton, John and William Patten, Thomas Harward, Joseph Berr}-, and David Fowler, from Topsham, went in a vessel to the mouth of the Androscoggin for hay, and were taken by the English and carried to England. Robert Fulton and William Patten died there ; the others returned. At the annual meeting this year the town of Brunswick passed the following resolution : — " Voted., That if a number of men out of this town shall list as min- ute-men, and should they be engaged in the defence of our lives, shall recei\'e from the town eight dollars each as a bounty. If an}' others than such as list shall be equally engaged^ shall receive an equal bounty if they are legally called and should march, and Providence should order it that there should be an engagement, they are entitled to the above bounty. " Each man that lists as minute-man to meet three times a week, and to spend three hours each time to learn the manual exercise, and in consideration for such service shall be paid by the town two shil- lings eight pence per week. "■ Such as do not list as minute-men shall meet once a fortnight and spend half a day in learning the manual exercise, and shall be allowed one shilling and four pence for each time they meet." After the business of this meeting was concluded, Reverend Samuel Eaton, of Harpswell, who was present at the meeting, was invited to ^ Military Records in Massachusetts Archives. '^Guold, Burning of Falmouth, p. 11. G80 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. address the people. He did so and made a stirring and eloquent appeal to their patriotism. He so aroused the spirit and temper of the people, that, carried away by excitement, several of them, nnder the lead of the chairman of the mee'ing. Brigadier Thompson, seized Mr. Vincent Woodside, one of the most prominent and outspoken opposers, who held a commission under the king, and attempted to force him to renounce British rule. Finding that they could not intimidate him by threats, the}' even proceeded to bury him alive, and had succeeded so far as to cover all but his head with earth, when they were prevented bv the interposition of a few resolute and considerate persons from carrying their murderous design into execution. After Woodside's escape, the mob, for such it was, went to Mr. Boss's house and to Andrew Dunning's, but found them both absent. The}' si^oiled a lot of the king's masts that were in a lumber-yard near the present First National Bank. The king's agents, Messrs. Perr}- and Bamiard. had, liowever, gone to Georgetown. They then went to Topsham, and seized Mr. Thomas Wilson, whom they considered a Tory, though strictly speaking he was not one, handcuffed him and carried him over to Benjamin Stone's. One of his daughters followed him, got his handcuffs off" and threw them away. He escaped and returned home.^ At the close of a town-meeting in Topsham, called to pass resolu- tions in favor of a separation of the colonies from Great Britain, Mr. Wilson voted against them. He did so, not because he favored the course pursued by Great Britain, but because he believed too strong!}' in the power of that kingdom to subdue the rebellious colonies. Brigadier Samuel Thompson was much offended at the vote of Mr. Wilson and at the opinions expressed by him, denounced him as a Tory, and at one time meditated an attack upon him, and even went so far as to collect men together at Mr. Wilson's gate. A portion of the people went with Thompson to show their dislike, but the steadier portion of the community concluded that a tailor would be too great a loss if he should be driven away, and therefore induced the others to withdraw. The hostility thus engendered between the Wilson family and IVIr. Thompson was very intense, and each party had its sympathizers and supporters. John Merrill, Pelatiah Haley, Actor Patten, and Alex- ander Rogers favored Mr. Wilson, while Mr. James Purington was for the side of the brigadier. The older citizens of Topsham were not far from being equally divided in taking sides, though there was prob- 1 McKeen, MS. Lecture. MILITABY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 681 ably a slight preponderance of public sentiment in favor of the briga- dier. The new-comers, however, were for the most part in sympathy with Mr. Wilson. Such men as Merrill and Haley, although they thought the struggle with the mother country would probably be decided against them, yet energetically sustained the action of their fellow-countrymen. Mr. Wilson himself disclaimed the existence of any unpatriotic sentiments, and above all scouted the name of Tory. The brigadier, however, was of too fiery a temperament to be easily appeased, and continued hurling his " gall-bladder invectives " against all who failed to come up to his standard of patriotism. Some lines were written by Mr. Wilson's wife shortly after the intended attack upon him. They were designed chiefly as a satire upon General 'J'hompson. The}^ were as follows : — " There was a man in our town, I '11 tell you his condition, He sold his oxen and his corn, And bought him a Commission. " A Commission thus he did obtain, But soon he got a coward's name, At Bunker ne'er shewed he his face, Nor there his country's fame disgrace. "He came one day to the tailor's gate, Aud there his men assemble, "Who with his needles aud his shears, He made them all to tremble. " Some said they were all brave men, Some said that they could fight, sir, But all of them were made to run, And that by the tailor's wife, sir."i In May, 1775, occurred what is locall}' known as "Thompson's War." For some weeks previously Colonel Samuel Thompson, Colonel Purinton, Captain John Simmons, Aaron Hinkle}', Esquire, John Merrill, Esquire, Thomas Thompson, and James Potter had been holding secret meetings at the house of Aaron Hinkley, and had con- cocted a plan, first suggested b}^ Colonel Thompson, of seizing the British war-ship Canceau., commanded by Captain Henry Mowatt. Samuel Thompson was chosen colonel, and John Merrill and ^ Diary of James McKeeyi, M. D. G82 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWKLL. Thomas Thompson were chosen captains. Captain John Simmons was appointed commodore. To prevent a premature disclosure of their plans, all the roads leading to Portland were closely guarded and none allowed to pass unless sworn to secrecy. Notwithstanding this, some intimation of their design reached Mowatt's ears. The original plan was to procure a A'essel of suflicient size to carrj' a compan}' of some sixt}' or sevent}' men ; to disguise the A'essel as a wood-coaster ; to conceal the men in the hold ; sail for Portland in the night, go' alongside of the Canceau and board her immediatel}'. The rendez- vous was to be New Meadows. The disclosure of the plan altered their arrangements somewhat, but did not deter them from their design. Tiiey sailed from New Meadows on the night of JNIay iK\\ii(\ about the same time with John Reed, Thomas Wier, and perhaps others from this vicinity, whose fate was never ascertained. ^ [1779.] Four prisoners — when and where taken is unknown — were quartered upon the town some time in 1779, and Cai)tains Dun- lap and Thompson, Lieutenant Berry, and Mr. John Dunning were paid for the care of them. This year the Penobscot or "Bagaduce" expedition was begun. On July 3, 1779, the following order- was issued : — '■Major Larrabek, " Sir : I have orders to rase a Regement out of my Brigade to go to penobscot in order to Dislodge the Enemy there, 1 do therefore appoint you Second major of Said Regement and expect 3'ou will hold yourself In Read3'ness to march at the shortest notice. ••To M.v.iou Natul. Larr.vbek." In addition to Larrabee's company. Captain Actor Patten's com- pany from Topsham were in this expedition and engaged in the first fight. Captain Nehemiah Curtis also headed a company of men from Brunswick and Harpswell, and went to I'ortland and were placed under the command of Colonel Mitchell. Some of the men never received any pay.^ Captain Ilinkley also had a company in this expedition. He was killed while standing upon a large rock cheering on his men,'* and the command devolved upon James Potter, 2d. [1780.] The General Court in 1780 called for a supply of beef * Pejepscot Papers ^ From the origitial order. B Mr Keen, MS. Lecture. * History of Castine, p. 41, note. MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 687 for the needs of the arm}', and a committee was chosen by the town of Brunswick to obtain the amount required to be furnished by that town. As there was great difficult}' in obtaining the requisite quan- tity of lieef in this vicinity, the selectmen were authorized b}' the town to give mone}' in lieu of what they might be unable to obtain, provided it was equall}' acceptable to the General Court. This year, by a resolve passed December 2, the General Court made a requisition on the town of Brunswick for its quota of men for the arm}-. [17H1.] On the ninth of January, 1781, the town of Brunswick elected a committee to divide the town into classes or divisions in order to procure the men called for by a resolve of the General Court of December 2, 1780. At a meeting of the town held three days later, this vote was reconsidered, and a committee was chosen to procure the men called for as best they could. The action of this meeting appears, however, not to have been satisfactory, for at a subsequent meeting, held Jauuar}' 15. the method of classifying the town was again adopted, and it was voted " to choose a committee of one man out of each class to join in the whole as a committee, to pro- cure a man for the deficient class or classes ; that is to sa}', those that have not procured by the 19th inst. said deficient classes, to appl}' to said committee by said 19th da}', and the cost of procuring the whole number of men to be averaged on the whole town, as also all defi- ciencies or penalties accruing thereon ; that if any class being deficient shall neglect to apply to said committee by said 19th day, such class shall bear the penalty of the law." The town was divided into ten classes, and one member of the committee was chosen from each class. The committee were directed to meet immediately and adopt such measures as the}' should think best. The selectmen were also directed " to consider such as have done service for the town this present war and report at the next March meeting." [1782.] About the year 1782, though probably somewhat earlier,^ but still towards the close of the war, a daring and succesful exploit was performed by the patriotic inhabitants of Great Sebascodigan Island. For some years previously, several small schooners, acting as " tenders" to the English war vessels, had infested the waters of Casco Bay, landing at defenceless places and robbing the farmers and preying upon the fishermen. The inhabitants at last, incensed by these maraudings, resolved to retaliate. Knowing that the crew of dne of these vessels often came to Condy's to trade and to have a 1 McKeen dates the occurrence in 1776. MS. Lecture; also P^epscot Papers. 688 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. carousal at a store kept by a ]\Irs. Eastman (a noted Tor}-), they decided to capture the vessel and crew. Accordingly, not mau}^ weeks elapsed before one da}', late in the evening, notice was passed around that the Picaroon, commanded by one Linnacum, a Scotchman, was at Condy's, and for all who were willing to engage in the enterprise to meet at the house of Colonel Nathaniel Purinton, at ten o'clock, p. m., to organize for an attack. Thirty men responded to the notice, armed with sucli weapons as they could command, and made choice of Colonel Purinton as their com- mander. Upon arriving at Condy's Harbor, they found the enem}' had departed. Though disappointed, the}' did not give up, but deter- mined to follow in pursuit. A few of the men now left, but the others at once went on board a fishing-vessel called the Shavinginill, owned b}' Isaac Snow, Esquire. It was an open boat of about eight tons, fitted with sails and oars. Esquire Snow consented to the use of his boat and volunteered to go with them. At two o'clock in the morning they started in pursuit, having a light easterly wind and being obliged to use the oars. When off Small Point they exchanged the Shavingmill for the schooner America, of about fourteen tons, and partly decked over. The}' left two of the crew, who showed symptoms of cowardice, to take charge of the small boat, and again put to sea with eighteen men. At sunrise they sighted the Picaroon in the offing near Seguin Island, chasing a coaster laden with lime in the hold and cordwood on deck, which was ])ound from Thomaston to Portland. The Picaroon captured and transferred her guns, two "three-pounder" swivels, with her other effects, to this coaster, and mounted the guns on the outer tier of wood and threw the middle tier overboard, thus leaving a good breastwork. During the time of these preparations the America, was fast coming up, and when about three miles distant the English began to fire at her with their swivels. Colonel Purinton ordered his men to keep out of sight and not to fire a gun without orders. When within pistol- shot he ordered them to rise and fire by sections as quickly as possible. He instructed the sailing-master to strike the coaster on the quarter and at once make fast the two vessels. These orders were faithfully carried out, and about three o'clock the privateers boarded the enemy's vessel and found only two men on deck, one of whom was dead and the otlier shot through the knee. The others, seven in number, had gone below and were calling for •quarter. MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 689 Shepherd, the man who was killed, a few moments before he was shot, was warned not to expose himself to the fire of the Yankees, but replied, " I '11 be damned if I '11 dodge at the flash of a Yankee gnn ! " He fell, shot through the heart. He was at the helm at the time. He was from Haliftix, and was buried on a point of land at Condy's Har- bor, which is now known as Shepherd's Point. Colonel Purinton started for Condj's Harbor with bis two prizes, eight prisoners, two swivels, and some ammunition, and arrived there at eleven o'clock in the evening, having been absent twenty hours. The prisoners, who were mostly Tories, were sent to Portland under guard. Those engaged in this expedition were. Colonel Nathaniel Purinton, commander; Josiah Totman, sailing master; Isaac Snow, second officer ; and Henry Merritt, Elisha Snow, John Snow, Stephen Purinton, Elisha Hopkins, Peter Birthright, Nathaniel Hall, Joseph Hall, Abraham Toothaker, a Mr. Dolf, with four others, whose names are unknown. Stephen Purinton was then onl}' about nineteen years of age. His share of the prize money was twenty dollars. Of the two swivels, one was given to the Parsonfield Academy, about 1837, and the other was burst while firing a salute, July 4, 1869.1 [1783.] During the year 1783 a letter was received in Brunswick from the Committee of Correspondence at Boston, desiring to know the feeling of the town in regard to allowing the return to their homes of refugees and conspirators. The subject was discussed at town- meeting, and it was unanimously voted "■ That they ought never to be suffered to return, but to be excluded from having lot or portion in any of the United States of America." This is the last recorded action of either of the towns having immediate reference to the period of the Revolution. MILITIA COMPANIES. The exact time of the formation of an}- of the militia companies, subsequent to the Revolution, is not known. In 1788 the First Regi- ment of the First Brigade and Fourth Division of the Massachusetts Militia mustered for the first time where the Bath Hotel, in Bath, now stands. John Lemont, of Bath, was colonel, and John Reed, of Tops- .ham, lieutenant-colonel of this regiment. On the twentj'-ninth of Jul}-, 1794, the town of Brunswick voted to give each man that should enlist and equip himself as instructed by 1 The foregoing aecount is that given by Stephen Purinton, a participant in the affair, to his son Stephen, and furnished us by the latter. 44 690 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. the commander-in-chief, " so much as will make up, with what the United States give, ten dollars per month from the time he marches till he shall be discharged." It was also voted to pay each man that passed muster four dollars as a bounty. This call for troops was occasioned by Indian hostilities in the West. TOPSHAM MILITIA COMPANIES. The first Topsham militia company was formed, probably, prior to 1753. The earliest date given in the records of the compan}- is November, 1795, but the traditionary account is that it was organized earlier than this. The roster of its officers in 1795 was as follows : — Captain, Alexander Rogers; first lieutenant, Steele Foster; en- sign, David Patten; sergeants, William Graves, James Fulton, Thomas Hunter, Daniel Graves; corporals, John Jameson, Richard Knowles, John Riple}', Robert Malcolm ; fifer, David Reed ; drum- mer, Joseph Foster, 2d. The train band consisted of about fift}' members. The first training that is mentioned in the records was had November 16, 1795. In 1805 the compau}' numbered fifty-eight, rank and file. In 1808 it numbered sixty-one, rank and file. Nothing of especial interest is recorded concerning this company, except that on June 20, 1814, an alarm was given, and the compan}' marched to Bath and remained there two days. Inspections and reviews probably occurred each year, though the}' were not alwa^'s made matters of record. It is said that this compan}' was a very large one, and became disorganized at one time by elect- ing, in sport, unfit men for officers. At length the commanding gen- eral had to appoint competent officers, and Captain John Wilson, being placed in command, brought the company' up to a proper standard. The Topsham Artillery Company was formed in May, 1804, although no records of an earlier date than 1818 have been found. A muster-roll of the company has been preserved bearing date September 29, 1814, At that time it belonged to the First Brigade and Eleventh Division of the Militia of Massachusetts, and was called into service and stationed at Bath. The compan}' was commanded at the time by Captain Nathaniel Walker, numbered thiity-four, all told, and was in service from September 10 to 29, with the exception of three unfit for duty, four not notified, and ten on detached dut}' in forts, etc. According to traditionary accounts, Daniel Holdeu was the first cap- MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 691 tain, Stephen Bradford the lieutenant, and John Holland the first ensign. The by-laws of the compau}' were adopted Ma}', 1818. These bj'-laws required an annual meeting of the company on the first Tuesda}' of May. The uniform was a blue coat, white ker- sej'raere vest and pantaloons, black sword-belt, half-gaiters, neck- cloth faced, bound, and welted with red, Bonaparte hat, black cockade, and red plume. The orderl}' sergeant was required to have one gun fired and the colors hoisted at sunrise on all days of public parade, and to marshal the music at least one hour previous to the roll-call, and to jiiarch with it through the several streets of the village to the gun-house. On the decease of an}' member the company were required to attend the funeral under arms. To these b3'-laws some penal laws were annexed. B}' a brigade order, not dated, b.ut probablj" of date 1819, the uni- form of non-commissioned officers and privates was to be " a short blue coat, trimvied with red worsted cord, gilt buttons, short buttons, small round hats or caps with a front piece ornamented with a gilt eagle, black plumes, tipped with red, red waist-belts." The hostlers were to wear "gray coats trimmed with red worsted cord, and while vests " ; the rest of their uniform to be the same as that of the privates. In 1823 the compau}- A'oted that the alteration in their uniform " should consist of red morocco belts or leather painted red, to go over the shoulders and round the waist, a new round felt hat with small rim, large new frontispiece, and round cockade." In 1824, Joseph 8wett was appointed adjutant, and David Scribner, both of Topsham, quartermaster of the battalion. In 1831 the compau}^ voted, "' 'Ihat the officers should be ex- cused from furnishing an}' ardent spirit, on any occasion, for the company, and that the officers should pay four dollars to the benefit of said company, annually, for being thus excused." The last entry in the records was made May 2, 1846, and the disbandment of the company occurred May 19, 1851. The arms of the companj' were two brass four-pounders. Until the gun-house was built they were kept in Mr. James Wilson's barn. After the disbandment of the compan}' they were sent to the Portland arsenal, and the gun-house was sold. In 1836 the selectmen, in accordance with a law passed a short time previousl}', defined the limits of the two companies of infantr}'. The dividing line was Main Street and its continuance over Cathance River to Bowdoin. All west of this line was to be the limits of the 692 IlISTOIiY OF BBV^'SWICK, TOrSIIAM, AND ITARrSWELL. company conunandGcl by Lieutenant Alvali Jameson, and all cast to be the limits of the company commanded by Captain Ilolman Staples. BRUNSWICK MILITIA COMPANIES. The BnuxsAViCK Light iNFAXTra- was organized in Ma}-, 1,000. The town also, at this meeting, voted aid to the families of soldiers as heretofore, and to borrow $7,000 for the purpose. At a special meeting, held August 8, the selectmen were authorized to expend a sum not exceeding twentj'-five dollars per man, of the town's proportion of troops required b}' the call of July 18, 1864, in paying recruiting agents and other necessary expenses of procuring enlistments. It was also voted to pay each recruit raised to fill the quota of the town, under the last-mentioned call, such bounty as the recruit might be entitled to receive from the State, according to the terms of General Order, No. 27, issued from the adjutant-general's oflk'e, July 20, 1864, said l)ounty to be reimbursed to the town from the State treasury agreeably to the provisions of Chapter 227, of the laws of 1864. It was also voted to hire $1,550 for recruiting pur- poses and $12,000 for paying bounties. At anotlier meeting, held August 15, a bounty of five hundred dol- lars for tiu-ee years' men, four hundred dollars for two years' men, and three hundred dollars for one year's men, was voted to enrolled men fiir- vishing substitutes, inider the call of July 18, 1864. It was also voted to pay volunteers enlisting to fill the quota under said call the same sums as bounties as were paid to enrolled men furnishing substitutes, and to pay a bounty of three hundred dollars to men who may be drafted under that call. Voted to borrow $20,000 for the above pur- poses, and the selectmen were authorized to appoint recruiting agents to fill the quota of July 18, 1864. [1865.] At a special meeting, held February 11, 1865, the town voted to raise $1 ,300, to be expended in paying the expenses of recruit- 700 niSTOIiY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. iug to fill the town's quota of troops, under the call of December 19, 1864, It was also voted to pay each volunteer, each enrolled man furnishing a substitute, and each drafted man entering the service of the United States in person or by substitute, three hundred dollars for one 3'ear, four luuidred dollars for two j'ears, and five hundred dollars for three years. An additional bounty of fifty dollars was also voted to each veteran vohuiteer who had served at least two jears and had been honorably discharged, and twenty-five dollars to each volunteer who had served at least nine months. The town A'oted to raise $25,000 for the above bounties. At the annual town-meeting this 3'ear, it was voted to aid the families of soldiers and sailors as heretofore, and S7,000 was raised for the purpose. TOPSHAM IN THE WAK OF THE REBELLION. The earliest reference to this war found in the town records is dated Ma}' 1, 18GI. At a special meeting of the town held at this time, the selectmen were authorized to make proper provision for the support of the families of all persons having a legal residence in town, who might enlist in accordance with an Act of the State, passed at the extra session of the legislature, and approved April 25, 18G1, during their absence from the State, and whose families might stand in need of assistance, and the selectmen were authorized to borrow the money necessary for the purpose, or to assess the town therefor. It was also at this meeting voted to pay all persons who volunteered their services to the government, eight dollars per month while they were away on duty. [1862.] At the annual meeting in 1862, the selectmen were author- ized to raise money for the support of the families of volunteers. At a meeting held July 26 the town voted to give a bounty of one hundred dollars over and above the bounties paid b}' the State and the United States, for each volunteer who had enlisted "under the last call for troops," or who might enlist up to the time of drafting (dating from July 26, 1862), in either of the regiments of the State that was alread}- in the field, or that should be formed, provided he was finally accepted and mustered into the service of the United States as one of the quota of the town, under the recent call for troops. The selectmen were also authorized to hire 81,800 for the purpose, or so much of that sum as might be necessaiy. There being some question as to whether this action of the town would be legalized b}- the legislature, forty-six citizens pledged them- selves, to the amount of fifty dollars each, to indemnify the selectmen if the doiuas of the town were not legalized. MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 701 At a meeting of the town held August 29 it was voted to paj^ a bounty of one hundred dollars to each A-olunteer who would enlist in the service of the United States, under a call from the President for 3U0,000 men for nine months, and it was also voted to raise $2,500 for the purpose, or so much thereof as might be necessary. Sixty-five citizens pledged themselves to indemnify the selectmen in the sum of fift}- dollars each, should the action of the town not be legalized by the legislature. At a meeting held December 6 the town voted to reimburse all those citizens who had subscribed money for volunteers. The town also at this meeting voted to raise three hundred dollars for the need^' fami- lies of soldiers [1863.] At the annual meeting in 1863 the town voted to raise seven hundred dollars to be paid as bounties for soldiers. At a meeting held July 18 it was voted to pay drafted men, or those who provided substitutes, three hundred dollars each. At a meeting of the town, August 27, the selectmen were author- ized to pnj' drafted men, or those who provided substitutes, three hun- dred dollars each, and to procure a loan for the purpose, not exceed- ing $5,000, for a term of years, and bearing interest annuall}-. At a meeting held November 7, it was voted to pay each volunteer one hundred dollars, whether new recruit or veteran. The treasurer was authorized to raise by loan sutlicient money to pa\' this bounty for a number not exceeding twent^'-one volunteers. At a meeting on December 2, it was voted to pay two hundred dol- lars more in addition to the one hundred dollars voted in November for volunteers. The treasurer was authorized to borrow a sum not exceeding $6,300 for this purpose. [1864.] At a meeting held January- 6, the selectmen w^re in- structed to raise a sum of mone}', not tb exceed $1,000, for the purpose of obtaining and paying volunteers, and they were also instructed to take such measures as in their judgment seemed best to fill the quota of the town. In August it was voted to \ia.y a bounty of five hundred dollars to enrolled men furnishing substitutes previous to the draft under the last call (July 18, 1864) of the President of the United States for 500,000 men for three 3-ears, to pay a bounty of four hundred dollars to those furnishing substitutes for two years, and to pay a bounty of three hundred dollars to those furnishing substitutes for one year, to be paid after the substitutes were accepted and mustered into service on the quota of the town under said call. The selectmen were also 702 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. authorized and directed to pa}- volunteers, enlisting to fill the quota of the town under said call, the same sums as bounties, for the same pei'iods as are before stated, and to pay a bounty of tliree hundred dollars to men who might be drafted under said call, to be paid after such volunteers and drafted men were accepted and mustered into service on the quota of the town under said call. The selectmen were also authorized and directed to pa}' to men drafted under said call, and furnishing substitutes, the same sums as bounties, for the same periods as before stated, to be paid after such substitutes were accepted and mustered into service on the quota of the town. It was A^oted to raise by loan $15,000 for this purpose. [1SG.J.] At a special meeting, held January 21, 1865. to see if the tow^n would vote to accept the surplus men already enlisted and take measures to pay them, it was voted to accept them, and that the money raised August 17, 18G4, be appropriated to pay the men so far as was necessary. The selectmen were authorized to take such action as the}^ deemed best to provide men and means in case of another call, wliich was then anticipated. At tlie annual meeting, the town voted that the selectmen be author- ized to raise $5,000 to be expended in raising men for the govern- ment. [18G7.] At the annual meeting this year, the selectmen were authorized to raise a sum not exceeding $10,000, at not more than seven and three tenths per cent interest, to meet the liabilities of the town. It was also voted to fund the town debt and issue bonds to the amount of the debt, pa3'able, one fourth of tlie sum in five years, one fourth in ten years, one fourth in fifteen years, and one fourth in twenty Aears ; said bonds to bear six per cent interest, payable semi- annually, and to be disposed of to the best advantage by the select- men as fast as necessar}', to meet the liabilities of the town for its existing indebtedness. [1808.] At the annual meeting in 1808, the town voted that the sum to be raised to fund the debt of the town, as authorized by the town in 1807, be limited to $20,000. HARPSWELL IN THK WAR OF THE REBELLION. [1862.] The earliest action of the town of Ilarpswell having refer- ence to the late civil war was at a special meeting, held July 21 , 1862. At this meeting the town voted to raise money to induce men to enlist as volunteers in the army. They voted to raise $2,000, and pay each man who might enlist or be drafted one hundred dollars when mus- MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 703 tered into the service. A committee of four, namely, Albert T. Tru- fant, Lemuel H. Stover, Alexander Ewing, and Alcot S. Merry man, was chosen to procure the quota of men required from Harpswell, and to pa}' the same their bounty. The selectmen were also author- ized to furnish aid to families of volunteers at their discretion. There appears to have been a doubt as to the legality of the above action of the town ; and in order that the votes might be carried into effect, a number of prominent citizens signed a paper agreeing to indemnif}- the selectmen in case the action of the town was not legal- ized b}- the legislature of the State. The amount pledged was $3,270. On the fifth of September it was also voted to pay each man who should enlist into the United States service one hundred dollars as a bount}' for him to enlist as one of the nine-months' men, under the call of the President, of August, 1862, and to continue paying it until the draft was commenced, unless their quota should be full before. The bounty was also to be extended to those enlisting in old regiments, if reckoned as a part of ITarpswell's quota. It was also voted to extend aid to the families of those who enlisted, if in the opinion of the select- men any aid was needed. The selectmen were also chosen a commit- tee to solicit men to enlist and to pay the bounties. At a special meeting, held on September 12, it was voted to place the bounty at two hundred dollars per man, instead of one hundred, and the town treasurer was authorized to hire mone}' for the purpose of paying these bounties. [1863.] Several town-meetings were held in 1863. At one, held on June 29, the town voted to raise three hundred dollars for each drafted man in Harpswell under the Conscription Act, and to place the money in the hands of the selectmen to be used in paying the bounty to those who were mustered into the United States service, or in furnishing substitutes, or in paying fines for those who were liable to be mustered under said Act. The selectmen were authorized to hire the money for this purpose. At a subsequent meeting, held July 25, the above action of the town was reconsitlered, and the article in the warrant under which the vote was passed was laid on the table. A vote was then passed similar to the foregoing, except that instead of pa3'ing cash, the selectmen were authorized to give " town orders" for the amounts, the orders to.be on interest at six per cent, and to run for ten years, or at the discretion of the town for a less period. At a meeting held October 6, David Webber and Sylvester Stover were elected a committee to hire mone}' to take up the town orders. On November 7, Lemuel H. Stover was delegated to go to 704 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSUAM, AND IIARPSWELL. Augusta and confer with the adjutant-general and governor, concern- ing an enlistment of non-residents, and also in regard to having the enrolment reduced. On November 24 it was voted to raise $8,250, to induce men to enlist to fill the town's quota of volunteers, under the call of the President, dated October 17, 1863. The selectmen were instructed to hire the money, and to paj- each man two hundred and sevent^'-five dollars, or less, and if they could not fill the entire quota to obtain as many as the}' could. [18G4.] On March 7, 1864, a special meeting was called to see what method the town would take to answer the call of the President, of February, 1864, for more men, and whether they would vote to raise money for bounties, etc. This article was " dispensed with," and the meeting adjourned. At a special meeting, held August 1, Lemuel 11. Stover was chosen an agent to go to Augusta, and confer with the adjutant-general and governor as to the best method of fill- ing the quota of Ilarpswell under the call of the President, of July 18, for 500,000 volunteers. The meeting was adjourned to August 8, at which time it was voted to instruct the selectmen to issue to each enrolled man under the above call a town order of three hundred ■dollars when mustered into the service, the order to be on interest, and to be in addition to the State and United States bounties. The selectmen were also to ajjpoint an agent to procure recruits, and it was voted to raise eight hundred and sevent3'-five dollars to pa}- the expenses of the agent. This vote to issue town orders for three hundred dollars was, however, rescinded at a meeting held August 25, and it was then voted to raise $15,000 by issue of town notes to that amount, payable in five years (or at the option of the town in a less time) , the money to be disbursed by the agent as follows : Three hundred dollars to each man who should enlist or furnish a substitute for one year, four hundred dollars for two 3'ears, and five hundred dollars for three years, under the call of the President, of July 18. [18G5.] On January 17, 1865, the town voted that each enrolled man who enlisted upon the quota of Harps well, under the last call of the President, or any future call, should receive from the town the sum of three hundred dollars for one 3'ear, four hundred dollars for two years, and five hundred dollars for three ^-ears, either in scrip or money, at the option of the selectmen ; and each enrolled person who might have, or should furnish, two hundred dollars for the procure- ment of a substitute to represent him, in the armj' or navy, upon the quota of Ilarpswell, under the last call, or any future call, should MILITARY HISTORY OF THE THREE TOWNS. 705 receive from the town a sufficient snm for that purpose, either in scrij) or money, j^^'ovided it did not exceed three hundred dollars for a one- year, four hundred dollars for a two-years, or five hundred dollars for a three-3'ears substitute. L. H. Stover was chosen the tigent to pro- cure substitutes and to expend the money. At a meeting held Feb- ruarj' 20, the town voted to receive recruits to fill their quota from those who were not enrolled. It was also voted to raise $5,000 in addition to the sum raised on the twenty-fifth day of August, 1864. At the annual March meeting, it was voted " that the selectmen and treasurer of the town of Harpswell be authorized and instructed to fund the war debt of the town of HarpsAvell, which has already accrued, and also for what may be necessarj- to be raised to fill the remainder of the quota of the town under the last call of the Presi- dent, and issue town bonds with coupons attached, bearing six per cent semiannual interest. The funded debt not to exceed, under any circumstances, thirty thousand dollars, said bond to be given running not over twent}' 3'ears, and in such manner that at least fifteen hun- dred dollars of said bonds shall become due each successive 3'ear." For a complete list of the volunteers, drafted men, and substitutes in the army or nav}', from each town, the reader is referred to the Appendix. 45 PART III. BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL. CHAPTER I. BIOGRAPHICAL. In the following pages will be found brief biographies of some of the prominent citizens of Brunswick, Topsham, and Ilarpswell, who are not now living. It is probable that the names of some who were deserving of special notice have been omitted, and that some of the sketches are briefer than might be deemed desirable. Jf such be the case, it is because we have not found or been furnished with the requisite information for such sketches. There has been no intentional injustice done or par- tiality shown. In writing these sketches we have depended upon the communications received from the friends of the parties, and from information obtained from such printed sources as were accessible to us. Much assistance has been furnished by the files of {he Brunswick Telegraph, and in numerous cases we have not hesitated to make verbatim extracts from its columns. ABBOT, HONORABLE JACOB. Honorable Jacob Abbot was born in 1746. In 17G7 he married Lydia Stevens, and moved to Wilton, New Hampshire, where he made a farm from the forest. About 1776 he sold his farm to his brother Joseph, and bought in the middle of the town, and traded in goods. He built the first mills on Souhegan River, in Wilton ; was employed in town business ; was the first representative to the General Court, and the first justice of the peace in the town; was Justice of the Court of Common Fleas, and a Councillor of State. He moved to Andover, and assisted Honorable Samuel Phillips in his business, and was a trustee of Phillips Academy. In 1797 he moved to Concord, New Hampshire, traded in gooils, and represented the town in the General Court for three years. In 1802 he moved to Hallowell, Maine. In 1803 he removed to Topsham, and in 1804 or 1805, to Brunswick. He was a useful member of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin Col- lege, and a senator for the county of Cumberland in the legislature of 710 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IJARPSWELL. Maine. In the several offices which he sustained he was capable, faithful, and useful ; and in the several places in which he lived he was influential in promoting peace, good order, and prosperity. His mind was active, his perception quick, his memory prompt, his judgment sound, his disposition mild. He was facetious, afiable, and benevolent, and had a fund of anecdote. Early impressed with a sense of right and wrong, he was upright in his dealings, faithful in business. a firm friend and supporter of religion and religious institutions, and active in the cause of education. One son and seven grandsons have had a collegiate education. He died in Brunswick at the age of seven- ty-four 3-ears.i ABBOTT, REVEREND JOHN S. C. Jolm Stevens Cabot Abbott was a son of Honorable Jacob Abbot, and was born at Brunswick, Maine, September 18, 1805. He was graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825, and at the Andover Theologi- cal Seminary in 1829, and was subsequently settled at Worcester, Rox- bur}-, and Nantucket, in Massachusetts, and afterward at New Haven, Connecticut. " The Mother at Home" was written in 1833, and was his first work of any note ; and to the several European languages into which it was translated are added the Greek, Turkish, and Tamul languages of Asia. He has written several works of a moral and highl}' instructive order, and several biographies, but his greatest renown, at home and in France at least, is due to the history of Napo- leon and other works relating to the same subject, all of which are remarkable for a vigorous defence of that emperor. So effective, indeed, were his efforts in his behalf, that Napoleon, never too free with recognition of such service, acknowledged the handsome tribute not alone with formal courtesy, but by bestowing upon the author his warmest friendship, and many substantial proofs thereof. Mr. Abbotfs history of the late civil war and his other American histories comprise about twenty-five volumes. He died at his residence, in Fairhaven, Connecticut, in June, 1877. ADAMS, REVEI;END GEORGE E., D. D. The subject of this sketch was the oldest son of Deacon Eliashib Adams, and was born in Worthington, Maasachusetts, October 27, 1801. Two years later, his father removed to Bangor, Maine, with his family. The son fitted for Yale College, and graduated in 1821. He graduated also from Andover Theological Seminary in 1826, and 1 From AhhotVs Genealogical Register, 1847, A. and E. Abbott. . LP t ^ /^ c^t^-t^-t^t^. r/. BIOGRA PIIICA L. 711 was appointed the verj- next year Professor of Sacred Literature in Bangor Theological Seminary. He retained this position until 1829, when he was called to the pastoral charge of the First Parish Church in Brunswick. This charge he resigned in June, 1870, and assumed that relation to the Irinity Congregational Church in Orange, New Jerse}'. Although his health was failing, he continued to minister to that growing church, even after he had swooned awaj' in his pulpit with the exertion, until he was forced to yield to the effects of disease and suffering, and tendered his resignation in 1875. The church where his late labors had been so signally blessed clung to him with singu- lar affection. But he desired to come back to Brunswick to spend his last days. "■ This brief appearance among his old people and in his old pulpit seemed like the visit of an angel." Returning to Orange in the autumn, his health failed rapidly, and he passed away December 25, 1875. His funeral was held in his old church at Brunswick, where a large concourse of citizens testified their respect and afifection. A public meeting was also held, at which resolutions were passed expressive of a deep appreciation of his character and services. The doctor married early in life Miss Ann Folsora, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Having no children, they adopted Frances Caro- line Adams, daughter of Asher Adams, of Boston, and now the wife of General Chamberlain. They afterwards adopted Anna Delamater Davis, who married and died in this town, leaving one daughter, Georgie A. Atkinson. Mrs. Adams was a woman of remarkable character, and will long be remembered in this place. She died in 1850. Some years afterward Dr. Adams married Misg Helen M. Root, of Chicago. Their oldest child, George, died at an early age. The daughters, Sarah R. and Mary L., are with their mother in Orange, New Jersey. For forty years Doctor Adams filled the pulpit, which may well be considered a difficult and tr3ing one, with great acceptance, and managed a parish composed of strong and diverse elements, with consummate judgment and tact. The church grew under his hands by steady, regular increase. "Doctor Adams was not on\y a good pastor, he was also a good citizen, alive to the interests of the people among whom he lived, and his eminentl3' benevolent nature prompted him to the discharge of numerous trusts which did not legitimately belong to his calling. Doctor Adams, with great geniality of temper, possessed a reserved 712 nisroRY of Brunswick, topsham, and harps well. fund of humor, which rendered hira a charming companion in social life, and which gave to many of his fugitive addresses and writings a point and elegance that few could impart to such efforts. There was about the man so much that was genial and loving, so much of con- sideration for the rights and opinions of others, that even those who most differed with him could not fail to recognize his sincerity of pur- pose and his firm intent to do what he honestly regarded for the best." ALDEN, PETER O., ESQUIRE, Was the son of Joseph and Hannah [Mall] Aiden, and a descendant of John Alden, who came over in the Mayfloiver, in 1G20. lie was born in JMiddleboro', Massachusetts, August 20, 1772 ; was graduated at Brown University, in 1792 ; studied law with Judge Padelford, in Taunton, and came to Brunswick near the close of 179G or earl}' in 17i)7. lie was admitted to the Cumberland bar at the March term in 1797. He married, in 1801, Mindwell, a daughter of Doctor L^'man, of York, by whom he received some property. He was the onlj' lawj'er in Brunswick for a number of years after his admission to the bar. His business for a time was very good. He was well read as a law3'er, and had fiiir talents and information, but he was no advocate. He was very irritable in his temper, and his manner when he under- took to argue his cases was abrupt and disagreeable. Whene\er a shrewd adversar}- wished to gain an advantage over him, a certain way was to ruffle his temper, when I'eter would be sure to spoil his own cause. As competitors gathered around him, in Brunswick and the neighboring towns, his business declined, and he was left almost briefless. To make good the deficiencies arising from these causes, he engaged in commercial operations, which for a time were success- ful, but which w^ere suddenly and sadly blasted bj' the restrictions on mercantile transactions which took place prior to the war of 1812, The latter portion of his life was embittered by disappointment and poverty, which produced hj'pochondria, and left him a wreck. His death occurred February 14, 1843. His wife survived him a few years, and died among her kindred, in York. Mr. Alden was large and bulk}-, but not well proportioned. He was, as may be inferred from the faults of this temperament, unpopu- lar in the community in which his life was spent ; but by some reaction in 1826, perhaps from sympath}^ he was elected to the House of Rep- resentatives, and re-elected the three following years, growing each time in favor, Until his election in 1829 was nearly unanimous. ^ ^ Willis's The Law, the Courts, and the Lawyers of Maine. BIOGRAPHICAL. 713 ALLEN, REV. WILLI A.M, D. D. William Allen, D. D., an American clergyman and author, son of Thomas Allen, born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, January 2, 1784, died in Northampton, July 16, 1868. He graduated at Harvard College in 1802, and studied theology with the Rev. Doctor Pierce, of Brookline. After being licensed in 1804 by the Berkshire Association, he preached for some months in various parts of Western New York. Upon his return he was appointed a regent of Harvard College, and was also assistant librarian of the college. During this period he prepared the first edition of his " American Biographical and Historical Dictionary " (1809), containing notices of about seven hundred Americans. Tiiis was the first book of general biography issued in the United States. In 1807 he prepared the bio- graphical sketches of American ministers for the Reverend David Bogue's and Bennett's " History of Dissenters," published in London in four volumes. The second edition of his dictionary appeared in 1832, and contained more than 1,800 names. 'ihe third edition, publislied in Boston in 1857, contains biographies and notices of nearly 7,000 Americans. His connection with the uni- versity ceased in 1810, when he was ordained pastor of the Congrega- tional Church in Pittsfield, as his father's successor. The legislature of New Hampshire in 1816 altered the charter of Dartmouth College, and created in its stead a university, of which Doctor Allen was made president in 1817. Upon an appeal to the Supreme Court at Washington, the rights of the college against the State were maintained in 1819. In 1820, Doctor Allen was appointed president of Bowdoin College, Maine, and retained that position till 1839, when he resigned it, and retired to Northampton, Massachu- setts, engaging in various literary labors. Among these is a collection of more than 10,000 words not found in dictionaries of the English language; nearly' 1,500 being contributed to Worcester's Dictionary (1846), more than 4,000 to Webster's (1854), and about 6,000 to the new edition of Webster. His other chief writings are, "Junius Unmasked," to prove that Lord Sackville was the real Junius ; " Ac- counts of Shipwrecks"; "'Psalms and H^'mns," with man}' original h3'mns (1835) ; " Memoirs of Doctor Eleazar Wheelock and of Doc- tor John Codman" (1853) ; " Wunnisoo ; or. The Vale of Hoosatun- nuk," a poem with learned notes (1856) ; "Christian Sonnets" (1860) ; 714 niSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. " Poems of Nazareth and the Cross" (1806) ; and "Sacred Songs" (1876).! APPLETOISr, JESSE, D. D. Reverend Jesse Appleton was born at New Ipswich, New Hamp- shire, November 17, 1772. He married, in 1800, Miss Elizabeth Means. He died in Brunswick, NoAcmber 12, 1819. Reverend Mr. Appleton graduated at Dartmouth College in 1792, and subsequent!}' entered the ministr}-. He was elected president of Bowdoin College in September, 1807, and was inaugurated in Decem- ber following. He took an active part in the instructions of the col- lege, and was noted for his punctuality in the discharge of duty. ' ' Aside from the common routine of his college duties, as a gratuitous service, he composed, with great care, a course of more than fifty lectures on the most important subjects in theology. They were delivered once a week, in the chapel, to the whole college, and were always listened to with deep attention b}' the students. A part of them have been pub- lished in a volume with a few of his sermons, and in connection with his baccalaureate addresses, which are before the public in a separate volume, place him in the highest rank of the theological and ethical writ- ers of our country-. During his life, sermons, which he preached on sev- eral interesting and important occasions, were published. In truth, Pres- ^ AmeJ-ican Cyclopcudia, Vol. l,p. 330. BIOGRA PIIICAL. 715 ident Appleton lived not in vain. He was a most diligent stndent and a laborious man. His varied attainments in philology and criticism, of which, particularly in reference to our own language, he was very fond ; in mental and moral philosophy, to which his habits of mind were pe- culiarh' adapted ; and in theology, which was his favorite stud}', ail combined with a fine taste, admirably qualified him to preside over a lit- erary institution. When we add to these qualifications his uncommon dignity and courtesy of demeanor, and those traits of character which have already been mentioned, we cannot but regard him as one of the most able and most valuable among the presidents of our colleges." ^ BADGER, CAPTAIN NATHANIEL. Nathaniel Badger was a son of Joseph Badger, and was born in Gilmantown, New Hampshire, in March, 1789. He moved, with his father, to Franklin Count}', and afterward came to Brunswick. He married Jane, daughter of Philip Owen, of Brunswick. In early life he followed the sea, but afterwards for many years was a trader in Brunswick. " For twenty-three 3'ears Captain Badger was annually elected town clerk (1837-1859 inclusive), the duties of which oflfice he discharged with great fidelity, his record being ever clearly and intelligently made. He was also a conve3'ancer, and was remarkable for the accu- rac}' with which he performed his work, for the urbanity and courtesy which marked his conduct when transacting this class of business ; he was no less remarkable for the stern integrit}' of his character, for his rigid adhesion to all the requii-ed forms of business. For some time he was postmaster of Brunswick, and he filled this post to the full acceptance of his fellow-citizens. Genial in his temper, appreciative of the humor which warms but never stings, he was a most cheerful companion, his rich, merr}' laugh over a good story or witty saying being in the highest degree S3'mpathetic and encouraging. A man of rare good sense, his judgment upon public matters was greatly to be relied upon." He died September 13, 1866. BADGER, CAPTAIN JOSEPH. Joseph Badger, a brother to Nathaniel, was born in 1791. He was married to Eunice Noyes. In early manhood he was a sea-captain, afterwards had a large interest in navigation, and at the time of his ' History of Bowdoin College, Quarterly Register, 1H36. Packard. 716 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. death was president of the Pejepscot Bank. " A methodical man, he conducted his business with great exactness, was kind, charitable in his feelings, gave freel}', and in man}' instances with unusual liber- alit3% and ever manifested the liveliest interest in the comforts and pleasures of the young, doing his best to contribute to them." He died in Brunswick, March 27, 18G3. BAKER, WILLIAM. Mr. William Baker was born in 1811. He was an apothecar}' for many years in Brunswick. He was a man of a genial temper, of stern integrity of character, and of whole-hearted generositj'. He was a kind and generous husband and father and a good citi- zen. He was a Freemason, and acted as secretary of the Brunswick Lodge for about twelve years. For many years he was u member of the First Parisli Church, and in his relations of life observed a consistent Christian character. He died December 22, 1867. BALLARD, REVEREND EDWARD, D. D. The subject of this sketch was born at Hopkinton, New Hampshire, November 11, 1804. He died at Brunswick, November 14, 1870. He graduated at the General Theological Seminary, New York, in 1829, and was ordained a deacon of the Episcopal Church on July 5 of that year. Ho was ordained as priest September IG, 1830. From 1821) to 1832 he was a missionary and rector in St. Luke's Church, North Charlestown, and in St. Peter's Church, Drewsville, New Hampshire. He was rector of St. Stephen's Church, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, from 1848 to 1852. From 1852 to 1858 he was principal of the Llpiscopal Academy of Connecticut. He was received into the Diocese of Maine, June 22, 1858, and was made missionary and rector of St. Paul's Church, Brunswick, in 1858. He was secretary of the iMaine Diocese from 1860 to 1869, of which he was, at the time of his death, the Senior Presbyter and President of the Standing Committee. He was repre- sentative of this Diocese to the General Convention of Episcopalians, to the General Board of Missions, and to the General Theological Sem- inary. Doctor Ballard received the degree of Master of Arts at Dart- mouth in 1830, at Trinity in 1845, and at Bowdoin College in 1858. He received the degree of S. T. D. at Trinity in 1865. Doctor Bal- lard was much interested in educational matters, and especially in what is called the common-school system of the State. He was appointed BIOGRAPHICAL. 717 State Superintendent of Common Schools, and filled that office from 1SG5 to 1868. He was also interested in historical matters, as is seen from his contributions to the publications of the Maine Historical Soci- et}-, of which he was a member, and of which he served as secretary from 1861 until his decease. Reverend Doctor Ballard was a self-educated man, his earl}' advan- tages of education being slight. He was a tall, stout, and muscular man, but yet not ver}^ robust. He was esteemed as a faithful and lov- ing pastor, and was especially fond of children. " Humility, equanim- ity, gentleness, and fidelity were perhaps the most conspicuous virtues in his character. But firmness in his convictions and unwavering lo}'- alty to the church, under whose orders he served, were no less remark- able in his teachings and public action. His wisdom and moderation made him an excellent counsellor, his kindness, unselfishness, and ami- abilit}' the most desirable of friends, and I know not in what Christian attainment he was not a worthy exeiuplar. " His manliness was apparent, while there was a touch of womanly' tenderness in his character. Whatever responsibility was laid upon him was faithfull}' discharged. He was a large-hearted man, a gener- ous man, far beyond his means a friend of the poor." BARRON, HONORABLE JOHN. Mr. Barron was born in Dracut, Massachusetts, in 1792. He went with his father to Danville, Maine, about 1796, where he lived until he removed to Topsham, about 1813. He did not, however, establish himself there permanently until 1820. In 1817 he married Martha Crockett, of Danville. He died in 1860. During his fort}' years' res- idence in Topsham he was known as an active and influential citizen, and often filled offices of trust. He was a member of the State Sen- ate in 1850. The following is from an obituary notice b}' Reverend Doctor Adanls : — " For a long course of years Mr, Barron was extensively and suc- cessfully engaged in the lumbering business, and was one of the most industrious and enterprising of the many energetic and laborious men who in this occupation have contributed so much to the growth and prosperity of our State. " Being vigorously honest and of an excellent judgment, he pos- sessed the confidence of all who knew him, there being no man whose opinion in relation to the lumbering business was more sought after than his. And though unobtrusive and retiring, and not inclined to 718 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. volunteer unasked advice, he was ever ready to give good counsel where he thought it would be well received. He was a man of quick feelings and generous impulses, and man}^ are the deeds of his kind- ness, done quietly and unpretendingl}', by which, we trust, he laid up treasures in heaven ; a kind husband, an indulgent father, often speak- ing to friends, when absent from home, of his famil}-, and declaring it to be his chief object and desire to see his children started happily in life. His last illness, caused by an internal cancer, as supposed, was very distressing, continuing more than two ^-ears. In politics Mr. Barron was a Whig. In his religious views he was a Trinitaiian Con- gregationalist, uniting with the church of that denomination in Tops- ham, about 1840." BARRON, WILLIAM. William Barron was born April, 1797, and moved to Topsham about 1816. " For many j'ears, in company with his brother John, he carried on lumbering, and the firm, through its business energy and enter- prise, secured a handsome fortune to each of the brothers. William Ban-on, at the time of his death, was president of the Pejepscot National Bank, in Brunswick, a position that he filled with marked ability and acceptance. He ever sustained the character of an upright man, a good citizen, and a benevolent, Christian gentleman. He was one of the deacons in the Baptist Church, in Topsham." He died in Topsham, January IS, 1866. BOARDMAN, ALEXANDER F. Alexander F. Boardman was born at Aux Ca3'es, Ha3-ti, in 1819. He was educated principally at Hildreth Academx', at Derry, New Hampshire, but finished his studies at North Yarmouth. He entered Bowdoin College in the fall of 1834, but was compelled to leave in his Sophomore year, on account of weak eyes. He afterwards engaged in the dry-goods business in Brunswick, and continued in trade until the time of his death. He was among the first persons in Brunswick who dealt in dry-goods onh, and he carried on a large business. He was a kind father, husband, friend, and neighbor, known and esteemed by all. He died November 29, 1876. CLEAVELAND, PROFESSOR PARKER. The following sketch of this distinguished man is abridged from the eulogy of Reverend Leonard Woods, D. D., it being impossible for words of ours to add an^-thing of interest or value thereto. BIOGRAPHICAL. 710 Those who desire to read the full account of the life and character of this really remarkable man will find it in the eulogy referred to, which is published in the Collections of the Maine Historical Society, Vol. VI, pp. 381 to 432. Parker Cleaveland, M. D., of Byfield, Massachnsetts, the second son of Reverend John Cleaveland, was the father of the subject of this sketch. Doctor Cleaveland married, in 1773, Elizabeth Jackman. Their only child, Parkek, was born in Byfield, January 15, 1780. He was married in Boston, September 9, 1806, by Reverend John Elliot, S. T. D., to Martha Bush, who was born in Boylston. Massachu- setts, on August 19, 1787. They had five sons and three daughters. Professor Cleaveland died August 15, 1858. Professor Parker Cleaveland inherited the powerful intellect and the active and cheerful temperament of his father, and also somewhat of the ph3-sical and psychological infirmities of his mother, especially the electrical excitability of the latter, whom he is said to have resembled in the general cast of his features. During his childhood he gave many indications of that clearness and vigor of mind for which he was afterwards distinguished. On one occasion, when onl}- four years old, having answered a question which had been put to him with a wisdom above his years, and being asked who told him that, he replied, I told myself. He was remark- able, even at that age, for a certain constitutional timidity and for 720 HISTORY OF BRUKSWICK, TOPSUAM, AND HARP SWELL. great reserve in the expression of his feelings. Though he was known to have strong affections, he never showed them in the ordi- nary way. On account of his studious tastes and peculiar temper- ament, his father decided to give him an education, and therefore sent him to prepare for college to the fanpus Dummer Academy, which was situated in his native ])arish, on the Newbur}- side, about two and one half miles from his home. The preceptor of the academy at this time was Reverend Isaac Smith. He entered Harvard College in 1795, before he was sixteen years old, and became at once a gen- eral favorite. Though he was led by his high spirits and social nature to mingle freely in scenes of pleasure, there is ample evidence that he was never seduced into any neglect of his college duties, into any conflict with the college authorities, or anj' abandonment of the moral and religious principles in which he had been educated. If during the day and evening he indulged himself in the society of his boon com- panions, he would retire at night to his chamber, darken his window, and while supposed to be asleep, would push his studies far.into the morning. The natural sciences had so little place at this time in the college course that he did not then lay the foundation of his future success in this department. He was, however, a proficient in Greek. He was graduated in due course in 1799, enjo3-ing the reputation among his fellow-students of being the best general scholar and the man of most talent and promise, though not bearing off the highest honors of his class. In his Junior year he had taught school in vacation, in Boxford, and in his Senior j'car in Wilmington. After he left college, he taught for a few months in Haverhill. From thence, in March, 1800, he went to York in this State, where he taught the central town school for three 3'ears. As a school-master, he exhibited the same skill in teaching, the same strictness of disci- pline, the same power to attach his pupils to himself and to awaken their enthusiasm, which he displayed afterwards in the higher spheres to which he was called. Notwithstanding his eminent success as a teacher, he did not at this time think of taking teaching as a vocation. On his leaving college, it was his purpose to study law ; and accord- ingl}^ when he went to Haverhill to teach, he at the same time entered his name in the law office of Ichabod Tucker, Esquire. "When he moved to York, he engaged himself as assistant to Daniel Sewall, Esquire, who was at that time Clerk of the Courts and Register of Probate, and also village postmaster ; and during his vacations and at the intervals of his school hours, gave his aid in those several BIOGRAPHICAL. 721 offices. As Mr. Sewall's assistant, lie sometimes attended the courts, and was also occasionally engaged in justice business. Although thus engaged while at York, his intention of devoting himself to the profession of law was shalcen b^' his own distaste for the business, though not of the stud}' itself, and still more by the eainest desire of his parents that he should study divinity. For several 3'ears his mind was agitated about the matter, but he finally detcmiined in favor of the ministry, and placing himself under the direction of his uncle. Reverend John Cleaveland, of IS^orth Wrentham, he pursued his studies at his home in By field. While he was thus engaged, he received, near the close of October, 1803, information through President Willard that "he was chosen tutor of Harvard College, to succeed Mr. Emerson, in the department of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy." He promptl}' accepted the appointment, and commenced, November 23, with the instruction of the Senior class in P^nfield. About 1804 he made a public profession of religion in the church in which he had been baptized. In 1805 he determined to discontinue his tutorship and to enter upon a professional life. Although his religious views had not changed, he found the question of his future profession again unsettled, owing to his conscientious scruples about entering upon one to which he felt that he had no certain and unmis- takable call. He therefore again determined to enter the profession of law, and had some thought of settling in the then new town of Bangor. ' At a meeting of the Phi Beta Kappa Societj-, August 30, 1804, he was appointed, with Dr. Kirkland and others, to superintend the pub- lication of the " Literarj' Miscellany." To this he contributed two arti- cles from his own pen, viz., a review of Morss's " G-azetteer," and of Darwin's " Temple of Nature." The "Miscellany" did not continue its existence long after his connection with it ceased. Maj' 15, 1805, b^' the unanimous vote of both boards, he was chosen Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, in Bowdoin Col- lege. He at first declined it on tlie ground " that it would involve the sacrifice of the profession which he had chosen, and the time which he had spent in preparing for it." He was, however, prevailed upon to accept the appointment, though he took out certificates of qualification as far as he had proceeded in the law, and kept them for future use should occasion require. He was inducted into office October 23, 1805, being scarcely twent}'- five 3'ears of age. He entered at once upon the duties of his profes- 46 722 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. sorship, which he continued to discharge without intermission to the da}' of his death, a period of fifty-three years. During the early period of his professorship he paid some attention to the ancient classics, read the standard authors in P^nglish and French literature, and even indulged his poetic faculty. He is reported, on good authorit}', to have written, soon after coming to Brunswick, an ode on some public occasion, which was set to music and sung. There being no instruction at that time in Bowdoin College in any of the branches of natural science except those of mathematics and natural philosophy, Professor Cleaveland set to work to prepare himself to supply the deficienc}^ and in 1808 gave his first course of lectures on chemistry and mineralog}'. For this voluntary service he was after- wards paid by the Boards two hundred dollars, and this sum was con- tinued to him thereafter. From that time he bore, in addition, the title of Lecturer in Chemistry and Mineralogy until 1828, when it was changed to Professor in these branches. During this early period he wrote several papers recording certain meteorological, geological, and astronomical observations made b^- him, which were published in the third and fourth volumes of the Memoirs of the American Academy, The finding by the workmen in the Topsham sluice waj' excavation, in 1807. of substances entirely new to them, attracted his attention and led him to the stud}' of mineralog}', which he pursued so assidu- ously that in 1816 he published his "Elementary Treatise on Minei'al- og}' and Geology." This work, making its appearance at just the time when such a treatise was imperatively demanded, was a perfect suc- cess, and placed the author at once in the front rank of living miner- alogists. The work, the first of its kind in America, was immediately noticed in terms of high commendation by the leading literaiy and sci- entific journals at home and abroad, among others by Silliman's " Jour- nal of Science and Arts" and b}' the " North American " and " ^Edin- burgh Review." It was used as a text-book in Cambridge Universitj' ^England) . In 1822 a second and enlarged edition was issued. In rec- ognition of Professor Cleaveland's services, his name was given to a species of feldspar before known as albite, and to a compartment in the Mammoth Cave in Kentucky. He was noticed by the most emi- nent savans of Europe, including Goethe. He received letters of respect and congratulation from Sir David Brewster, Sir Humphrey Davy, and Dr. McCulloch, in England ; from Berzelius of Stockholm, Germar of Halle, Brouguiert, Baron Cuvier, and the Abbe Haiig, of Paris. He received visits of regard from Colonel Gibbs, Godon, Maclure, and many others devoted to this department of science. Pie BIOGRAPHICAL. 72d received diplomas of membership from sixteen or more literary- and scientific societies, including those established in the principal capitals of Europe. He received otters of professorships — some of them with offers of salary double his own — from Harvard College in Massachu- setts, from Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, from the Univer- sity of William and Mar}' in Virginia, from Princeton College in New Jersey-, from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, and from the University of Pennsylvania. He was later appointed one of the commissioners for the surve}^ of the New England bound- ar}' by President Van Buren, and Regent of the Smithsonian Institute by President Pierce. His reputation as a lecturer on chemistrj' extended far beyond the college walls. He was often urged to deliver his course of chemical lectures in several of the principal towns in Mafne and the adjoining States. In the winter vacations of 1818, 181^, and 1820, he did deliver the courses in Hallowell, Portland, and Portsmouth, but always after refused to deliver them away from his own laboratory. Upon the establishment of the Maine Medical School in 1820, he was ap- pointed Professor of Chemistrj- and Materia MecFica, and at the first meeting of the Medical Faculty he was appointed secretary. From this time forward his first thoughts and best endeavors were given to his chemical lectures. There was no confusion in his thoughts, and none in his discourse. By his calm and simple st3ie, and its easj' and uninterrupted flow, by his lucid order, by the earnestness of his manner, b^' the interest with which he seemed to regard the smallest and most common things pertaining to his theme, by his happy illus- trations and never-failing experiments, and by his occasional sallies of wit and good-humor, he carried along the delighted attention of his hearers without weariness to the end of his hour, making plain to them what had been obscure, investing even trivial things, b}' a sal- utary illusion, with an air of importance, and in short, accomplishing, in a manner which has never been surpassed, the great object of con- veying to the mind of the learner definite notions and useful knowl- edge on the subject under consideration. Such was Professor Cleaveland as a lecturer on chemistry. It is in this capacity, more perhaps than in any other, that he has been thought to have distanced all competition. It is in this capacity, certainly, that all his peculiar excellences appeared to the best advantage ; and it is, accordingly, as a lecturer on chemistry that he has been for many years priucipallj^ distinguished, and that he will be most distinfctly and gratefully remembered by his thousand admiring pupils. 724 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, lOrSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. In his external appearance and to a casual observer, Professor Cleaveland was stern and austeie. and on a sudden provocation or any obtrusive impertinence was sometimes passionate and violent. But underlying these rugged austerities on the surface of his character and constantly cropping out from beneath them, to use a term of his own, there was a large-hearted nature, an exhaustless vein of kindlj' and generous feelings. This essential goodness of heart was often repressed and concealed b}^ his constitutional reserve of manner, but not seldom did it break through the outward crust, and diffuse over his features a benignant expression, and give to the tones of his voice and to his manners a winning gentleness. It was manifested in his domestic relations, especially in the gentle courtesy with which he always bore himself towai-d the worthy partner of his life. It was manifested to his classes, in his friendly interest for them, in his earnest desire for their improvement, and in his frank and familiar intercourse with them out of the lecture-room. Though retired in his habits, he felt a lively interest in the general welfare, and, until overburdened with official engagements, took an active part in all measures for promoting the public good. In 1814 he delivered an address before The Brunswick, Topsham, and Ilarpswell Society for the Suppression of Intemperance, which was published by their request. In 1825, after the occurrence of the fire in which the factory and a large part of the adjoining district were consumed, he interested himself in organizing a fire companj', and was chosen its first commander. Though he was then in the zenith of his fame, and had declined the most distinguished offices to which he was called from abroad, he gladly accepted this village appointment, and held it, to universal acceptance, for twenty years. It is hardly necessary to sa^- that whenever a fire broke out, by night or b}' day, he was always first on the ground, always managed the hose-pipe, and alwa3s stood, when duty required, in the place of the greatest exposure. His general and excessive timidit}' cannot be passed over in silence. The stories which have been current for the last fifty years in regard to his fear of lightning, however apparently incredible, are yet sub- stantially correct. It is related b}' persons who were inmates of his house in the early period of his residence in Brunswick tliat during a thunder-stoim it was his wont to lie on a feather-bed, takiug care that the bedstead should be removed to a good distance from the wall ; and that a rising cloud, which gave signs of being charged with electricit}-, had, in some cases, kept him from his recitation-room, in others, driven him home from college or from church in the midst of the services, and BIOGRAPHICAL. 725 that it was not until his house was well protected by two lightning- rods that he was able, on such occasions, to maintain an}' tolerable tranquillity. But it was not in regard to lightning only that he was a timid man. It was this extremity of caution which prevented him from travelling, and finally circumscribed his motions within a few miles from his own door. Long before the stage-coach was supplanted bj' the railwa}' car, it had become too dangerous a vehicle for him. His last journey to Boston, now some twenty years back, was made in a one-horse chaise. It is no wonder that he never repeated the experiment, obliged as he was, on that occasion, to make a tedious detour through the upper counties, to avoid the long and dangerous bridges on the lower route. This infirmit}' was undoubtedly inherited from his mother, and had its seat in his physical rather than in his moral nature. He could be brave enough when he thought his duty required him to be. Another marked characteristic of Professor Cleavelanrl, which de- serves a passing notice, was his aversion to change, his attachment to a settled routine, his tenacity of the wa3's to which he had become wonted, iu short, his intense conservatism of character. Each duty of the day, from his rising up in the morning to his Ijing down at night, had its allotted time and place. But no proper estimate can be formed of Professor Cleaveland's character without taking into view its moral and religious elements. There are few men in whom the sense of duty has been higher or more active, or whose lives have been more strictly governed by it. It was his great endeavor in ever}' condition of life, and especially in his official relations, to be found faithful. His habitual and cheerful self-denial, his constant sacrifice of personal ease and comfort, his careful husbandry of time in Avhich even the fragments were gathered up, his stern disallowance of all light reading and unnecessary recre- ation, his midnight toils, his careful preparation for his recitations and lectures, his punctual and never-failing attendance upon them, and the earnestness which he carried into them, were all inspired and ennobled by his sense of oflScial duty. This, perhaps, more than any other iDrinciple, was the deepest spring and the crowning excellence of his character. COBURN, JOHN. The subject of this sketch was one of a family of eleven children. His parents. Captain Peter and Mrs. Elizabeth Coburn, resided in the town of Dracut, Massachusetts, where John was born, June 1, 1785. He was married in 1815 to Rachel, daughter of John Dunning, 726 HISTORY OF BEUXSWICK, lOPSHAM, AND IJARPSWELL. of Brunswick. She died March 30, 181(5, aged twent3'-eighl 3^ears, leaving an infant, John Dunning Coburn. INIr. Coburn married for his second wife Rebecca Dunning, a sister of Kaehel, March 11, 1823. She died in Topshani, January 3, IHoO, aged nearly seventy years. He died in Topshani, December 1, 18G5. The first fifteen years of Mr. Coburn's life were passed witli his parents, assisting his father in the labors of the farm. But having a delicate constitution, and not being thought to possess suflicient bodily vigor to prosecute with success the business of agriculture, he then left home in order to (jualify himself for mercantile pursuits. For some time he was a student in l^hillips Academy, Andover. Leaving Andover, he spent some time in teaching, after which he went into the store of Mr. Phik'mon Chandler, in Dover, New Hampshire, where he remained until he was twenty-one. The next year he was in ]Mr. Joshua Bradlej-'s store in Dracut, Massachusetts, and the next (1808) we find him at Brunswick. On his first coming to Brunswick he was concerned in business with his uncle, Nathaniel Poor. After that he went into business by himself. Then, for a time, he was connected Avith Hon. David Dun- lap, and still later with his brother. General Richard T. Dunlap, the term of his agreement with the latter expii'ing June 2, 1832. In the j-ear 1834, on the organization of the Androscoggin Bank in Topsham, he was appointed cashier, and removed his residence to that side of the river. He contiiuied to hold the same office in the bank until the expiration of its charter, in 1854. Mr. Coburn was always ready to do his full share in promoting the welfare of the conununity in which he lived, and enjoyed the entire confidence of his follow-citizens. While a resident of Brunswick, he interested himself in schools, in societies for mutual improvement, and was for man}^ years an active member of the Washington Fire Club. For some ten years he was town treasurer, and for several years assisted the late John Abbott as treasurer of Bowdoin College He held the office of justice of the peace for the county of Lincoln, and of notary-i ublic, was often arbitrator in the settlement of vexed questions, and executor and administrator of estates, in whom the widow and orphan found a wise counsellor and a kind friend. Once during the illness of the State treasurer, he performed the duties of his office. Lideed, that office was tendered to him by prominent members of the party in power, on condition that he would go over to their side, but he declined the offer, though he was at the time out of business. BIOGRAPHICAL. 121 "Mr. Coburn was a man of an amiable disposition, strong in bis attachments, thoughtful of others, fond of children, firm in his adher- ence to what he deemed to be right and strict in the observance of the Sabbath. He had a sound judgment and a benevolent heart. He was an honest man and one who would rather overpay than underpay one in his emplo3\ A few da^'s before his death he said what many men of colossal fortunes cannot say, and what others of equal integ- rity with himself have been pi-evented by misfortune from saying, ' I believe no man ever lost a dollar by me.' " In iiis religious views ]\Ir. Coburn was a Unitarian. When the church of that denomination was formed in Topsham, he was the first to record his name, and Avhen the society in Brunswick was consti- tuted he enrolled his name tliere. He always contril^uted according to his abiUty for the support of pul)lic worship, and for fifteen years he was never absent from a single communion service. CURTIS, CAPTAIN NEHEMIAH. Captain Curtis was ])orn in Hanover, Massachusetts, in 1733, and died December 2C, 181 G. He was a selectman, a member of the Committee of Safety, etc., and commanded the militia before and during the Kevolutionar}' war. He was an active patriot during that war, and did good service in defending the town of Harpswell from marauding bands of Tories who were not British soldiers. It is said that he killed and captured some of the leaders. His force consisted of volunteers fiom the citizens of the town. Captain Curtis led a company in the unfortunate " Bagaduce Expedition." He discharged with honor and fidelity the several offices he held. CIJSniNG, CALEB. Caleb Cushing was born in Coliasset, Massachusetts, April 2, 1777. When quite 3'oung he went to Boston and served apprenticeship in the tailoring establishment of Samuel Beals. He afterwards worked at his trade in Portland, then in Georgetown (now l*hips))urg). and in September, 171)7, he came to Brunswick, where he located himself permanentl}'. About 1800 he built a two-story frame shop on the west side of IMaine Street, and a two-story frame dwelling-house on the opijosite side of the street, next north of the Tontine Hotel, which he occupied till his death. About 18*25 he built a lai-ge frame building on the corner of Maine and Pleasant Streets, where Lemont Block now stands, which was occupied by himself and sons in trade for many years, and until within a few 3'ears the locality was. known as " Cushings' Corner." He married, in 1801, Mar}- Dunning, 728 IIISTOItY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HATiPSWELL. daughter of the late John Dunning. She died November 13, 1808, aged thirtj'-one years. He married again December 5, 1814, Dolly Owen, daughter of the late Philip Owen. She died in Augusta, April 29, 1865, aged seventy-eight 3-ears. Mr. Gushing was in 1817 elected chairman of the Board of Selectmen of Brunswick, and served for seven successive years. He was a genial man, possessing the confi- dence and respect of the communit}', maintaining the strictest honor and honest}' in his intercourse and dealings with all. He died quite suddenly April 14, 1838. DENNISON, COLONEL ANDREW. Andrew Dennison was born in Freeport, in 178G, came to Topsham in 1818, and to Brunswick in 1824. In his early daj's he was an active and energetic politician, but always fair and above-board. He possessed a most curious and inquiring mind , and was an ingenious mechnnic. For some time he acted as deputy sheriff of the count}'. During the war of 1812 he was orderly sergeant of a compan}' in garrison at Fort Preble. Such was the strength of his memor}', as he informed his sons, he could call everj' man upon that roll without once referring to his manuscript. He was afterwards a colonel of militia. He was mainl}' instrumental in procuring the town clock and bell on the Mason Street Church, and he was greatly inter- ested in having accurate time kept in the village, frequentl}' visiting the college sundial for that purpose, so long as it remained in order. Mr. Dennison was a man devoted to all matters of public concern and to the causes of temperance and antislavery. He was always courteous and gentlemanly, was a man of Christian character, of strict integrity, and was held in high esteem by^all. He died in Brunswick, July 3, 18G9. DUNCAN, DOCTOR SAMUEL. Doctor Duncan, or Dunkan, as he himself spelled the word, was set- tled for a short time as a physician in Bath, on High Street. He next lived in Topsham for a little while, and moved to Brunswick in 1770, and practised his profession there until his death. He lived in the old Gideon Hinkle}- house, now owned by Chapin AVeston, near Harding's Station. The north room of this house he used as his office, in one corner of which stood a skeleton which was the terror of all the chil- dren of the neighborhood as well as of man}' of the older persons. He was said to be very skilful in his profession, and had quite an extensive practice in West Bath and in Harpswell as well as in Brunswick. He received pay in 1770 from the town of Harpswell for attendance on BIOGRAnilCAL. 729 some of the poor of that town. lie was a representative to the Gen- eral Court in 1781. He died in 1784, in the prime of life, and was buried in the old burying-gronnd in West Bath. DUNLAP, REVEREND EGBERT. The Reverend Eobert Dunlap was a zealous divine of the Presbj^te- rian order. He was born in the North of Ireland, in the province of Ulster, county of Antrim, and parish of Barilla, within nine miles of Scotland, in the month of August, 1715. His father's name was John Dunlap and his mother's Jane Dunlap. They had but two children, — a son and daughter. Robert was the son ; the daughter, whose Chris- tian name is not known, was married to William Livingston, of Ireland. As he had a peculiar relish for scientific pursuits, having passed through the elementar}' part of education, he entered as a student of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, at an early age. During his connection with this institution he sustained an excellent reputation, and made rapid progress in the natural sciences. Having comjileted his collegiate course, he commenced the study of divinit}'. At the age of nineteen he was admitted to the degree of Master of Arts, and was immediateh" afterward licensed to preach the gospel, having been occupied for a considerable time in the study of theology. In the spring of the year 17.3G, with a number of his coun- trj-men, he embarked for America, and arrived in this countr}' on the nineteenth daj- of June following. During the voj'age the}' were overtaken b}' a violent storm, and were shipwrecked on the Isle of Sable, an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, ninety miles southeast of Cape Breton. There were on board about two hundred souls, ninety-six of whom, in the Aery bloom of life, perished in the waters. From some flax and candles that were washed on shore from the wreck the survivors were enabled to repair the long boat, in which they went to the Isle of Canso, twenty-seven leagues distant, and about forty leagues east by north of Halifax. By the direction of Governor Shelby they were taken in a small fishing-vessel, then at that place, and carried to Cape Ann in New Eugland. Reverend Mr. Dunlap went immediately to Boston, where he became acquainted with the Reverend Mr. Moorehead and the Reverend Mr. McGregor, two eminent divines of that daj', and joined the Presb3ter3' of which the}' were members. He soon left Boston, and was for a time at Dracut, Massachusetts ; from there he removed to Noblebor- ough, Maine. After this he resided for a time at Boothbay, then at Sheepscot Bridge in Newcastle, from which place he removed to Bruns- 780 HISTORY OF BliUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. wick. After some time spent on probation, the town agreed, in Decem- ber, 174G, to settle him as their minister, offering him an annual salary' of two hundred pounds, old tenor, and to hire him a house during the war. It was agreed between Mr. Dunlap and the people that he should be ordained in Boston, and Deacon Samuel Ilinkley and Mr. Ebenezer Stanwood were appointed as commissioners to repair to Boston on behalf of the town, and receive Mr. Dunlap as their minister. Accord- ingl}', during the summer of 1747, Mr. Dunlap was ordained in Boston in the meeting-house of Reverend Andrew LeMercier, a small brick church on School Street, b^- a Presbytery composed of Reverend Mr. LeMercier, of Boston, Reverend ]\Ir. Morton, of Coleraine, Reverend Mr. Davidson, of Londonderry, Reverend Mr. Wilson, and Reverend Mr. McLothlin. lie was the first regularl}' settled minister in the town, though there had been other preachers there before him. He dwelt at first in the garrison-house of McFarland, where Day's Block now is, and afterwards on the lot gi'anted to the first settled minister, near the old meeting-house. Mr. Dunlap continued the minister of Brunswick about thirteen 3'ears. Some difficulties having arisen between him and the people respecting the payment of his salaiy, a council was proposed to advise in the case. Reverend Messrs. Smith, of Falmouth, Morrill, of Bidde- ford, and Lorrain were invited. The result of this council is not now known, but it led to his dismis- sion, which took place in October, 17G0. Reverend Mr. Dunlap was never again settled in the ministry. He is said to have been vehement and pei'suasive in his style of preaching, and to have taken somewhat as a model the celebrated George "Whitefield, whom he became acquainted with soon after his arrival in this countiy. He resided in Brunswick until his death, which took place June 2G, 177G. DUNLA.P, CAPTAIN JOHN. Captain John Dunlap was a son of the Reverend Robert Dunlap, and was born June 19, 1738. His parents were poor, and when quite young he resolved that if energy and perseverance would accomplish it he would become rich. With this object in view he enlisted as a soldier in Fort George, but the remuneration was too small to satisfy his ambition, and he ace rdingl}-^ abandoned that calling and adopted that of a hunter. In this he was quite successful. He made long journe3's into the wilderness, and brought back huge packs of furs, which 3'ielded him a handsome remuneration for his labor, and gave him a fair start in the world. Durins; one of these excursions he BIOGRAPHICAL. 731 became acquainted with the famous Indian chief Sabaltis, who piloted Arnold and his army to Canada. Sabattis in his latter da^ys made frequent visits to Brunswick for the purpose of seeing Captain Dunlap. Later in life Captain Dunlap was a trader, and still later he was largeh' interested in the lumber business and in navigation, accumulating wealth, and fulfilling the ambition of his youth. In 1803 he had become the richest man in the then District of Maine. His personal property was estimated at $200,000. He was an active, enterprising business man and a man of unquestioned ability. He represented the town of Brunswick for six years in the General Court of Massachu- setts, from 1799 to 1805 inclusive. He married, for his first wife, Jenette Dunning, by whom he had five children, Robert, John. David. Samuel, and Mar^'. His second wife was Mary Tappan, whom he married in 1788, and by whom lie had four children, Richard T., Rob- ert, Robert P., and Marcia Scott, who became the wife of the late Doctor Isaac Lincoln. Captain Dunlap died July 30, 1824. DUNLAP, DAVID. David Dunlap was the third son of Captain John Dunlap, and was born in Brunswick, January 21, 1778. He married, in 1821, Nanc}' McKeen, daughter of Reverend Joseph McKeen, the first president of Bowdoin College. Mr. Dunlap represented the town of Brunswick in the General Court of Massachusetts five j-ears, between 1810 and 1817, and in the legislature of Maine in 1820 and subsequently. He was also called to fill various other public offices. He was for a long time a member of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College, and a member of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sions. He was a highly respected citizen, and was noted for his char- ities to benevolent objects. He died February 5, 1843. DUNLAP, GENERAL RICHARD T. General Richard T. Dunlap, son of Captain John Dunlap, was born in Brunswick, June 28, 1789. During the earlier part of his life he was engaged in mercantile business, and later in shipping and bank- ing. He was president of the old Branswick Bank for a number of years. He was a remarkabl}' clear-headed man, was w'ell ])Osted in the news of the day, well read in history, and familiar with the antiq- uities of Brunswick and Aicinity. He was exact and methodical in business. In politics he was an old-line Democrat, but a firm and un3-ielding Union man. He never, however, took an active part in 732 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IlARPSWKLL. political life. He died in Brunswick, October 26, 1863, at the age of seventy-four. DUXLAP, HONORAHLE ROBERT PINCKNEY. The sul)ject of this sketch was born in Brunswick, August 17, 1794, in the house now owned and occupied b}^ the family of the late Doctor Lincoln, in which he lived until ISOO, when his parents moved into a new house, now the residence of Honorable C. J. Oilman. He fitted for college under the direction of Esquire Hasey, of Topsham. He graduated from Bowdoin in 1815. He then studied law in Brunswick, with Honorable Benjamin Orr, and in Newburyport, JMassachusetts, jimder Ebenezer Morely, Esquire, and was admitted to the bar in 1818. He continued in the practice of his profession for many years, but his prefei'ence was for political life. He was an old-school Democrat. He served in both branches of our legislature, was a member of the exec- utive council, and in 1834 was elected governor of INTaine. He served four terms in the latter capacity. He served also for two terms — 1843 to 1847 — as a representative to Congress. He was warmly interested in the welfare of his Alma Mater, and filled for many years the office of president of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College. He had a strong regard and affection for the Order of Freemasonr}-, of which he was a distinguished member and in which he attained emi- nence. He clung to Masonry even during its darkest daj'S. He was several times Master of United Lodge, of Brunswick, was Grand Mas- ter of the Grand Lodge of Maine, and was for nine years the General Grand High Priest of the General Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the United States. On retiring from the last-named office he was pre- sented by the Masons of Charleston, South Carolina, with an elegant pitcher and salver. He was also a Knight Templar, and it is said that he attained the highest degree under the Scottish rite that had, at that time, ever been conferred in America. " As a presiding officer, whether in the Senate, the Board of Over- seers, the town meeting, or in political or philanthropic conventions, Mr. Dnnlap was hardly surpassed, conducting business with great accuracy-, promptness, and despatch, and at the same time with a dig- nified impartiality." Governor Dunlap was generous-hearted and liberal in his disposi- tion, kindly in his feelings to all, honest in his opinions, upright in his intentions, and manl}' and just in his conduct. For twenty-five years he was a consistent member of the Congregational Church, and was always friendly to the cause of temperance. He married, in 182o, BIOGRAPmCAL. 733 Lj-dia Chapman, who died January 29, 18GS. At the time of his death, October 20, 1859, he was the oldest surviving member of the American Bible Society. His burial was accompanied with more ceremony and was more fully attended than that of any other which has ever occurred in town. He was buried with Masonic ceremonies, and there were present two com- manderies of Knights Templars,^ with Chandler's Band, Montgomery Royal Arch Chapter, representatives of the Grand Lodge and ten sub- ordinate Lodges,^ with delegations from two others. ^ DUNNING, ANDREW. Andrew Dunning came from Ashburton, county of Devonshire, Eng- land. He married Susan Bond. In 1717 he arrived at Georgetown, Maine, and came to Brunswick the same year and settled at Maquoit on the lot former]}- occupied bj^ Master Samuel Dunning and now owned by Patrick McManus. He was a PresbA'terian in his religious belief, and was much respected for his integi'ity and uprightness of character. His children were all born before he emigrated to this countr}'. He is said to have been a blacksmith. He was buried in the old graveyard, and his gravestones are the oldest in the yard. (See epitaphs.) They were wrought and engraved by his son James. A few j-ears before his death, his house was burned, and his wife, in endeavoring to save some money she had laid aside, fell through the floor into the cellar and was burned to death. A negro slave, who was asleep in an arch in the cellar, was with difficult}' rescued by being dragged through the cellar window. DUNNING, ANDREW. Andrew Dunning, of Harpswell, was the son of William Dunning of York, and was born in 1727. In earl}' life he followed the sea and was master of a vessel. He afterwards abandoned this calling, and set- tled in Harpswell about 1758. He was a prominent man in Harps- well, and was town clerk for twenty-five years, 1758-82, and select- man in 1758, 1759, 1760, and 17G4. June 17, 17G7, he was chosen deacon of the church in Harpswell, and held the office until his death, which took place March 27, 1808. The following incident illustrates the energy and determination of his character : — 1 Maine Commandery, No. 1, and Portland Commandery , No. 2. 2 Portland Lodge, No. 1 ; Kennebec, No. o ; .'iolar, No. 14 ; Freeport, No. 23 ; Te7n- ple, No. 25 ; Village, No. 26 ; Jlermon, No. 32 ; Casco, No. 36 ; Lafayette, No. 48 ; Richmond, No. 63 ; besides United, No. 8, to which he belonged. * Tranquil, No. 29 ; Cumberland, No. 12. 734 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. He once went to Halifax with a cargo of provisions, etc., and was to take a cargo of coal from thence to Virginia. A wharf was to be erected, and the coal was to be on the wharf upon his arrival. The wharf was not, however, completed, in fact, it was but just begun when he arrived. Not wishing to wait the slow movements of the wharf- builders, he took a part of his crew, went into the woods and cut and hauled out logs and assisted in building the wharf, which was the first ever built in Halifax. DUNNING, BENJAMIN. Benjamin Dunning, of Harpswell, was town clerk in 1791 and 1792, justice of the peace, representative to the General Court in 1781, 1782, 1785, 1791, 1793, 1797, 1800, 1801, 1803, and 1806, and lieutenant in the Revolutionarj' war, and an overseer of Bowdoin College, the location of which at Brunswick he was instrumental in securing. He was a man who took a prominent part in the affairs of the town and a strong interest in education. DUNNING, DAVID. David Dunning was the son of Andrew Dunning, who came over from England. He married first a daughter of John Farren,^ and after- wards Mrs. Adam [Lithgow] Hunter, when she was over eight}' years old. He owned a large part of the laud where the village of Brunswick now is, and erected a block-house where the post-office now stands. He received the command of a company of soldiei's about 1740, and scoured the wilderness up and down the Andi'oscoggin in pui'suit of the Indians. He was one of the most active, enterprising, and respect- able men of his day. He died in 1799. EATON, REVEREND ELISHA. Reverend Mr. Eaton was ordained over the Third l^arish in Brain- tree, now Randolph, Massachusetts, June 2, 1731, and was settled there until 1750. Of his previous life but little is known, or in regard to his pastorate in Randolph. From the length of his settlement there, it is fair to presume that he gave good satisfaction. He came to Merriconeag by recommendation of Mr. Alden, the first minister of Cape l^^lizabeth, and was installed in 1754 over the First Parish of Harpswell, which was then the Second Parish of North Yarmouth. His salary was £450 old tenor, or £60 lawful money .^ ' McKten. 2 Pejepscot Papers. BIOGRAPHICAL. 735 Of Mr. Eaton's abilities as a preacher, or of his characteristics as a man, scarcely anything is known. That he zealously followed his chosen career is not to be doubted, but from the specimen of his Muse which was found in A book of records of baptisms performed b}' him, and which is the only literary specimen of his that we have seen, his theology would appear to have been of a very gloomy cast, unless the sentiment conveyed was that of an anatomist or artist, rather than of a theologian. We insert this poetical production as a fitting conclusion to this sketch. FINI3 LAVATIONTS. REV. E. EATON. NAM MORTE CORREPITUR. Ah ! lovely Appearance of Death, No Sight upon Earth is so fair ; Not all the gay Pageants that breathe, Can with a dead Body compare. With solemn Delight I survey The Corpse when the Spirit is fled; In Love with the beautiful Clay. And longing to lie in its stead. EATON, REVEREND SAMUEL. The subject of this sketch, a son of Keverend Elisha Eaton, was born in Randolph in 1736. He was fitted for college at York, by Master Moody, and entered Harvard. One of his Latin exercises while there was dated "Cambridge Collegge, 10 of November 1762, Wednesday eleven o'clock at night." He was graduated in 1763, and for the next year he taught school in Scarboro', boarding during the time at Mr. King's, the father of Honorable Rufus King.^ Rufus attended his school. W^hile at Cambridge, Samuel Eaton not only attended the theologi- cal course of study, but also attended medical lectures, and obtained a knowledge of the healing art that his excellent judgment afterwards enabled him to put in practice for the benefit of his people. He was ordained in 1764, and preached his first sermon at Mr. Elwyn's meeting-house in Scarboro'. He afterwards preached at Harpswell and New Gloucester, and had a call to settle at both places. He accepted that from Harpswell, and was ordained October 24, 1764, with a sahny of £66 13s. Ad. besides a settlement. Reverend Samuel Eaton was, prior to 1820, the onl}' resident of 1 United States Senator in 1821. 736 mSlORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND UATiPSWELL. ITaipswoll who hud ever received a, collegiate education. He was never nuirried, but in his later 3-ears he lived with a nephew whom he had brought up and educated at Fryeburg Academj-. He was a man of remarkable enei'gy, and when eighty-six 3'ears of age he not only attended to his ministerial duties, but also attended to the care of a barn containing eleven head of cattle, which he always fed before sun- rise in the morning. Samuel Eaton was a ripe scholar and a man of thought. His knowledge of religious doctrines was both thorough and discriminat- ing. He possessed great eloquence, and people tlocked from all quar- ters to meeting to hear him, notwithstanding his sermons were written with all the old scholastic divisions and repetitions. " He never sepa- rated religion from moralitj" in his catechisings, which all the children attended in the different school-houses. He impressed upon them not merely the doctrines of religion, but the practical duties of it. He was of most commanding presence, and possessed a natural dig- nity which was not diminished bj' the old dress and wigs that he never laid aside. For this reason and on account of a rare executive talent that he possessed, he was generally chosen to preside in all deliber- ative assemblies where he was present. His own people were jnstl}' proud of his abilities and fame. He was possessed of a keen wit and was never at a loss for a repl}'." He was also peculiarly fearless in the expression of his opinions. What he thought he never was afraid to abide l>v. In the war of the Revolution he was an ardent patriot, and exerted all his abilities in the cause of his country. \\\ that struggle he had the sentiment of the people with him, but in the war of 1812, he was in the minority, and opposed the war and its abettors with all his might. During the Revolutionary war a recruiting officer came to Harps- well, but failed to obtain any men. On Sunday morning he called at the parsonage and said, "Mr. Eaton, cannot 3-00 do something for me and the cause?" Mr. Eaton replied, " It is m^- communion Sab- bath, sir. I can have nothing to do with secular subjects, but if you will remain till night I will call the people together on the Common, and I will speak to them from the horse block." In 18r2, when he was being looked upon with some suspicion as regarded his patriotism, he referred to this meeting on the Common, in conversation with Reverend Elijah Kellogg, of Portland, and said, " When the services of the da}' were over I went to my house, opened the Bible, iand my 63-6 fell upon the words, ' Cursed be he that hold- eth back his sword from blood.' I spake an hour from those words, BIOGRAPHICAL. IZl and there were thirt}" men ready to march the next morning, and yet now they call me a Tory." Though like the rest of his party patriotic at heart, he was a Federalist in his political belief, and bitterly op- posed the embargo and the war of 1812. Preaching about that time at Freeport, he began his prayer thus, " Lord, thou hast commanded us to pra}' for our enemies, and we will commence with Tom Jeffer- son, if he is not beyond the reach of mercy." He proceeded in like manner to pray for each member of the Cabinet. According to the traditionary account of this service, the Secretarj' of State was pres- ent, being accidentall}' detained there over the Sabbath, while on a journe}-. In old times it was customary for judges of court to ride together over the circuit. Upon one occasion they reached Brunswick on Sat- urday evening, and concluded to remain until Sunday afternoon, and then proceed to Wiscasset, where the court was to be held. The First Parish in Brunswick was at that time without a pastor, and Parson Eaton was therefore sent for to preach in the forenoon. He did so, preaching a powerful sermon, and at the close of his remarks, knowing the intention of the judges was to proceed on their way in the afternoon, he alluded to their presence in his prayer, and thanked the Lord " that the magistrates of the Commonwealth cherished such respect for the laws and the Sabbath, that the}^ would not violate either by travelling on the Lord's da}-." The judges were so much interested b}' the sermon they had heard, and were so amused b}- the palpable hit given them b}' the pastor in his prayer, that they resolved to remain and attend service in the afternoon. During the intermission they sought an introduction to INIr. Eaton, and were much pleased with his conversation. On their wa}- to AViscasset the}' made a contriltution, and sent to Boston and purchased the wig, a ver}' fine one, of Judge Lothrop, who had recently died, and sent it to Mr, Eaton, as a testimonial of their esteem. The parson was buried with this wig on his head. As has been said, Mr, Eaton was a man of very commanding pres- ence, especially with this wig upon his head. He was once taken for an English judge, hy an Irishman in the emplo}' of President McKcen, This man, seeing him approaching with his cane, wig, and cocked hat, and fearing an arrest, dropped an axe which he held, and ran, and was never again seen in Brunswick, The following anecdote will serve to displa}' his ready wit. Upon one occasion he was chosen moderator of a public meeting. He declined, and nominated "Father" Scott, who was a man of small 47 738 IIISTOIiY OF BRVNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIAItPSWELL. stature, feeble voice, aud veiy retiring manner, in his place. Mr. Scott declined, saving, "Mr. Eaton, there is more dignity- in yoxxx wig than in my whole body." "Take the wig then," repUed Mr. Eaton, catching it off his own head and placing it upon Father Scott's. ^ ELLIS, EEVEREND JONATHAN, The subject of this sketch was born in Franklin, Connecticut, April 11, 1762. His father was Reverend John Ellis, a graduate of Har- vard, class of 1750, and a chaplain in the Revolutionary army. Jonathan fitted for college at New London, and graduated at Yale in 1786. In his Senior j-ear he received a prize for excellence in writing. He came to Topsham on probation in July, 1788 ; was ordained over the church and society of the First Parish, September 16, 1789, and was the first settled minister in Topsham. He remained over this societ}' ten j'ears, being obliged a portion of the time to teach school in addition to his parochial duties, in consequence of the inadequacy of his salary-. He was informally dismissed in Sep- tember, 1799. He I'emained in town, however, teaching school and occasionall}' preaching, until August, 1811, when he left his home and went to New York State, and afterwards to Delaware to teach. During his residence in Topsham, Mr. Ellis took a warm interest in educational matters and in town matters generally. He fitted quite a number of 3'oung men for college, among them John McKeen, Lithgow Hunter, Dean Swift, John Patten, of Bowdoinham, Joseph Sprague, Benjamin Randall, and others. He was a member of the original Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College, the first secretary of this board, and a member of the examining committee until he resigned these offices in 1811. Very little is known of him as a preacher, but he must have been, on the whole, pleasing to the majority of his people, or he could hardly have maintained his position foi- the length of time he did, over a society made up of somewhat discordant elements. In his theological views he was an Orthodox Congregationalist. Some of his leading parishioners were I'resbyterians, and it was doubtless chieflj' due to this fact that his connection with the parish as its pastor was sev- ered. His reputation as a writer and a scholar was excellent. He was a superior Latin scholar. He was also considerablj' interested in his- torical researches, and wrote an historical sketch of Topsham which ^ Fyepscot Papers mid Edlogy's MS. Lecture on JIarpswell. BIOGRAPHICAL. 73'J was printed in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Soci- et}'. In Februaiy, 1800, he delivered an elogy on AVashington at the old First Parish Church in Topsham. The manuscript of that elogy is now in the possession of his son, Doctor Asher Ellis, of Brunswick, and it shows that its author had a poetical talent of more than ordinary- merit. He was a member of the Massachusetts Gen- eral Court in 180G, and that year he delivered an oration on the Fourth of July, at the Court House in Topsham, " before the Federal Republicans of Brunswick and Topsham." The audience passed a vote of tlianks, and the oration was afterwards published at the office of the Portland Gazette. The following extract from his diary is inserted as an evidence both of the ability of the man as a writer and of his Christian char- acter : — " December 31, l&OO. This day we close the year 1800 and the eigtheenth centiuy. Great and important scenes have been disclosed on the theatre of human action in the past centurj', more especially in the latter part of it. The new empire formed by the Union and Independence of the American Colonies in this western world excited the attention of the European nations, which had scarcely subsided when the scene began to disclose in France which has greatly injured all and destroj'ed some of the nations of Europe and astonished man- kind. Where or when this scene of revolution and devastation will end God only knows. To the wise and good this reflection that lie governs the world, restraining the wrath of man and causing it to praise him, affords support and consolation. May I be ever under his fear, constantly devoted to his service, and be enabled to say with full consent of mind, Th}' will, O God, be done. Amen." EMERSOX, DOCTOR EBENEZER. Doctor Ebenezer Emerson came to Maine from Reading, Massa chusetts. The date and place of his birth are both unknown. He moved to Topsham, and occupied the house now occupied by Swan- zey Wilson. He mai-ried Sallj' Stinson, a sister of Captain John Stinson, of Woolwich, and afterward married Becke}', daughter of Reverend John Miller, of Brunswick. His intention of marriage to her was recorded December 20, 1792. His second wife survived him and married again. Doctor Emerson was a tall, raw-boned man. He was liberalh' edu- cated, but was an odd character. He kept a span of mules with which tie drove about to visit his patients. He died prior to 1798. 740 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ESTABROOK, COLONEL THOMAS S. Colonel Thomas S. Estabrook was born in Lunenbnrg, Massachu- setts, August 24, 1777. lie served his time as a baker at New Ipswich, New Hampshire, where he married Judith Nichols. He removed to Hopkinton, New Hampshire, where he lived two j'ears. In 1801 he came 'to Brunswick, where he ever after lived, with the exception of one year, 1817, when he lived at Norfolk, Virginia. At first he kept a bakery, but afterwards engaged in trade. He was one of the first mail-carriers between Brunswick and Augusta, and ran the first passenger coach between these towns. He was a Free- mason. He started the first light infantr}- company' and was its commander. In 1812 he was a major of militia. He was also a prominent fireman. For thirty years he was college marshal. He was an honorable, upright, and genial man, fond of joke and stor}', and an excellent citizen. EVERETT, EBENEZER, ESQUIRE. Mr. Everett was the son of the Reverend Moses Everett, of Dor- chester, Massachusetts, and was born in that place in 1788. He was of the sixth generation from Eichard Everett, the first American ancestor, who was one of the founders of Dedham in 1636. His father, and the Reverend Oliver Everett, father of those distinguished men, Alexander H. and Edward Everett, were brothers, and sons of Ebehezer Everett. His mother was Hannah Clap Gardner, the third wife of his father. Entering Harvard College in 1802, he became the companion and room-mate of his cousin, Alexander H. Everett, and pursued his studies with diligence and success, graduating with honor in 1806. After his admission to the bar he established himself in Beverl}", where he remained until 1817, and where he formed an acquaintance with the excellent lady. Miss Prince, who in 1819 became his wife. In 1817 he removed to Brunswick, where the remainder of his life was spent. He had several children, three of whom survived their childhood, Moses Everett, a young man of much promise, who died in 1840 ; Sarah Ellen Everett, a most estimable young lady, who died in 1847 ; and Charles Carroll Everett, now a professor in Harvard Universit}'. Of Mr. ICver- ett's abilities as a lawj-er, the late Honorable William Willis said : " As an advocate, Mr. Everett made no pretension, but as a wise counsel- lor and an upright and conscientious lawyer he had few superiors. He was often emploj^ed as a master in chancery and a referee, and by ^^^^-t-'KJL^ BIOGRAPHICAL. 741 his strict integrit}' and abilit}- he secured the confidence of the commu- nity and acquired a large and profitable practice. In m^' acquaintance with him of half a century, in most of which time we practised at the same bar, I never knew him guilty of an unworth}" or dishonorable action ; his conduct was without fear and without reproach ; it was not strained or put on for the occasion, but was inbred and natural. His countenance exhibited both firmness and benevolence, and his life did not betray this revelation." Mr. Everett's services were not confined to his profession, but were required in other departments. On the establishment of the Union Bank, in Brunswick, in 1825, he was appointed its first cashier, with David Dunlap, president. The duties of this office he discharged with great fidelity and promptness for fourteen years, at the same time con- tinuing the practice of his profession. In 1828 he was elected one of the trustees of Bowdoin College, and held the office thirtj'-six ^-ears, until compelled b}- the infirmities of age to resign. In 1838 he was appointed a commissioner, with Chief Justice jNIellen and Judge Samuel E. Smith, to review and codif}' the public statutes of the State. This important work constituted the first published vol- ume of the Revised Statutes, a valuable acquisition to the profession and the people. In 1840 he was chosen to represent Brunswick in the legislature, but politics and public life had no charms for him ; he preferred the quiet pursuits of private life to the nois}' and unsatisfactory' contests of the political arena. In politics he was an unwavering disciple of the Fed- eral school and of its successors, and was uniforml}' loyal to the true Republican principles on which our government was founded. During the civil war he gave substantial aid toward sustaining the cause of freedom and equal rights. In his religious views he was a Unitarian, conservative without dogmatism, liberal without radicalism. He was a public-spirited citizen, taking a lively interest in whatever atfected the welfare of the town. He died at his home in Brunswick, February 6, 1869. FIELDS, MRS. ELIZABETH. Mrs. Fields was the widow of Robert Fields, Esquire, barrister, in England, a lawyer of abilit}', who came to America and lived for many years in Boston, where he died in 1812. In 1831, Mrs. Fields came to Topsham, and opened a school for 3'oung ladies in the house now owned and occupied by Mrs. Susan T. Purinton. Of her earl}' life, before coming to this couutr^•, nothing is known. Although a woman 742 HISTORY OF BliUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. of marked ability and refinement, and fitted to adorn any station in life, her reputation in this vicinity was mainly due to her pre-eminent qualities as an instructress. Although she was apparently lax in dis- cipline, jei she allowed no shirking of duty or abuse of privileges. She alwaA's managed to know what was going on around her, and it was a common saying of her pupils. " Mrs. Fields can hear us think." She possessed a wonderful power of drawing out whatever latent power her pupils possessed. She was also very mindful of their physical needs. She followed the English customs in many respects, especially in requiring her household to tarry at their meals. Though herself adhering to the social etiquette of the English, she did not require it of her pupils, acknowledging its absurdity here. Although French was made a specialt}' in the school, she insisted upon the necessity of a thorough preliminar}' knowledge of English, and even "went so far as to insist upon a knowledge of American historj' before commencing that of England. She was extremel}- intolerant of shams. She was a good stor3--teller, and w^as wont to take pleasure in rehearsing tales of the exiled French nobility, man}- of whom she personally knew. Though not opposed to what she deemed real improvement, she was b}' nature conservative, and had a profound A'eneration for the great minds and thinkers of the past. She not only told anecdotes of exiled noblemen, but would occasionally' tell tales of her own youth, espe- ciallj' of her presentation at Court, and give her recollections of Mrs. Siddons and of the plots of foreign plays. She was stately in figure, and possessed a pleasant but dignified demeanor that was a comfort to her friends, but a terror to the evil disposed. She was ver}- charitable in her disposition, and always had two or three pupils at a time to whom she gave board, tuition, or both. FEOST, MAJOK WILLIAM. William Frost was born December 11, 1781. He was a trader in Topsham for many jears, and was also engaged in the lumbering and shipping business. He was the second president of the First Union Bank of Brunswick. He was chosen major of the militia, and was also a representative to the legislature in- 1823, 1824, 1828, and 1830. He was esteemed as a charitable, liberal, hospitable, and honest citizen. His religious views were Unitarian. He died January- 17, 1857. FURBISH, BEN.JAMIN. Mr. Fui'bish was born in Wells, Maine, May 2, 1807. He learned the trade of a tin-plate and sheet-iron worker, and worked a year or BIOGRAPHICAL. 743 two in St. Andrews, New Brunswick. In 1831 he went to Exeter, New Hampshire, and in 1834 married Mary B. Lane of Exeter. He moved to Brunswick in 1836 and continued in trade in Brunswick until January, 1866. His health was broken down early in life, but a strong constitution enabled him to battle with disease through man}- years. He was one of the earliest and most earnest supporters of the graded school sa's- teni in Brunswick, and a member of the first board of agents, in which position he served for a number of years. He was also one of the building committee for the erection of both the grammar schools and Union Street primar}- school-houses. He was a Freemason. He was a representative in 1854 and in 1861. selectman in 1851, and also town treasurer, and in the discharge of his public duties secured the full approbation of his fellow-citizens. " Mr. Furbish was a man who exhibited marked characteristics, a per- son of strong individualit}-, great frankness of expression, but toler- ant of the faith and opinions of others. He was reserved, uncommu- nicative at times, but still, beneath all this reserve, there flow^ed a vein of humor which rendered him a most desirable companion in social life, and which was the charm of home. He was keen in his criticisms, but no ill nature marked them. A man with a clear judgment, enlarged and lil)eral views of men and things, reading much, he proved an excel- lent citizen, read}' to promote any good object, with labor or purse ; and his fellow-citizens marked their appreciation of the merits of the man by repeatedly electing him to fill offices of honor and trust in this his home for many years. Of incorruptible integrity, dishonesty and low dealing he held in scorn, and all his transactions were marked by honesty, and a desire to do justice as between man and man. A mem- ber of the Congregational Church for many years, he maintained a Christian character, to the sincerity of which others have borne testi- mon}'." He died in Brunswick, February 27, 1873. GETCHELL, CAPTAIN JOHN. Captain John Getchell came to Brunswick from Spurwink, about the time of the incorporation of the town, and settled on Gurnet Point. He was said to be "a large, portly, venerable looking old gentleman, especiall}' when he made his appearance on the Sabbath, dressed in his white wig and triangular hat." Captain Getchell was a member of the board of selectmen in 1739 and in 1749. He was also the first captain of the militia, and served in that capacity for man}' 3'ears. His first wife's name was Elizabeth. It is not known with certainty whether he was married a second time. 744 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. GIDDINGS, DOROTHY. Miss Doroth}' Giddings was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, Janu- ar}", 1785. She came to Brunswick in 1812, and was Avelcomed to the hospitaUt}' of Captain Richard Toppan, a relative hx marriage. She was soon persuaded to undertake a private school for children, kept a part of the time in a back chamber of Captain Toppan's house, and then in a room in the house of Robert D. Dunning, Esquire. Her influence as a teacher was greatly valued. She joined Reverend Mr. Rowland's church in Exeter, and her hfe for more than sixt}' years tes- tified to the sincerit}' of the consecration she then made. She remained in BrunsAvick about three years, and for a time she was a respected and beloved inmate of the famil}' of President Apple- ton. In 1815 she left Brunswick, spending two or three j'ears with a sister in Newburyport, where she was highly esteemed as a teacher. In 1818, Miss Giddings, with a heart ready for anj' good work, was induced to undertake a mission in the neighborhood of Foxcroft and Brownfield. Her object was to open a school for chiklren and youth to fit them to become teachers, to open a Sabbath school, and to insti- tute other means of moral and religious instruction as she could. She lived and kept her school for some time in a log-dwelling, with- out a door to the rude abode, and she was charged with extravagance for having a cheap carpet on the floor. On the Sabbath she had her Sabbath school, which the parents of the children often attended, and if no minister or brother to conduct the service was present, she would, after the school exercises, read a tract or sermon, adding such words of instruction as she could. Besides her school work. Miss Giddings was a nurse for the sick, where she exerted her skill in the knowledge of disease. At one time she became so much oppressed with the poverty of the people, that she formed a scheme to travel on horseback from her "^ Iderness home to Exeter and Newburyport, to beg assistance from friends. She finally made that jourue}" of about two hundred and fifty miles on horseback, with saddle-bags. She returned to her people laden with gifts, disposed in the saddle-bags and on or about the horse. In 1824, Miss Giddings left her mission to minister to a dying sister in Newburyport, and then came to Brunswick, her abode for fort^'-six years. She opened a store, a well-known resort, in a building Avliich stood where the house occupied by Doctor Mitchell and Captain J. D. Pennell now stands. After some j^ears she removed to a building which stood on the corner of Maine and O'Brien Streets, on the site of the present residence of Mr. Benjamin Greene. BIOGRAPlllCA L. 745 Here the poor knew where to find heljj, the pastor or Christian brother or sister some aid in their Master's work, the inquirer a word in season. She was a woman of no common mould. Energy, decis- ion, determination, a deep fountain of benevolence, strong individual- it}- of character, were unmistakably revealing themselves in her daily life under the power of a thorough, overmastering faith. GOSS, DOCTOR EBENEZER H. Doctor Goss came to Brunswick soon after the Revolution. He married a sister-in-law of Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford. He lived at Maquoit until 1804, when he moved up to the village, and soon after moved to Paris, Maine, where he died. He is said to have had an extensive practice, but was a very eccentric man. He some- times indulged too frequently' in alcoholic potations, and it is narrated concerning him that on one occasion when he was inebriated some j'oung rogue got him and his horse into a cow-3'ard, and put up the bars. The doctor started for his home at Maquoit, riding, of course, around the 3-ard several times, and exclaiming with oaths that some one had fenced the road. GRAVES, JOHNSON. Johnson Graves was born February, between 8 and 19, 1732. He married, first, in Falmouth, Sarah, a sister of Stephen and Samuel Staples.. He married, second, June 23, 1803, Mrs. Susanna (Llobbs) Staples, formerly of Falmouth. He was grantee in a deed of March 4, 1763, from Samuel Staples, John Patten, and John Fulton, of lot No. 3, of fifty acres in the Cathance mill right. He was in the disas- trous expedition to Bagaduce (Castine) in the summer of 1779. He was a private in the compan}' under the command of Captain Actor Patten. After the defeat of the expedition, he travelled through the wilderness from the Penobscot, until he struck the Sebasticook, where he was Biet b}- his brothers Samuel and John, who, on hearing that the remnants of the ill-fated troops were endeavoring to wend their •way homewards, had started on to meet and relieve their suffering brother and his fellow-patriots. He was found b}' his brothers much fatigued and in want, but sorrowing most of all for the ill success of the expedition. He was among the troops who first engaged in battle in the attempt to land at Bagaduce. Of his private character nothing is known. GREEN, HONORABLE NATHANIEL. Nathaniel Green came to Topsham with his brother, Peter H. Green, in 1804. Thej' were engaged in lumbering and trade for a number of years, but after a time dissolved partnership. 746 IIISTOIiT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Nathaniel Green was a member of the convention that formed tlie Constitution of this State in 1820, was a member of the Senate from Lincoln Count}' five 3'ears, and a member of the House of Represent- atives from thj town of Topsham five or six years. He was sheriff of Lincoln County one 3'ear, register of deeds several 3'ears, and at the time of his death a member of the Board of Commissioners of Lincoln Count3\ As a politician, he was upright and honorable : as a citizen, respected and loved by all classes for his moral worth and public and private virtues ; and as a man and a Christian, the friend and counsellor of the poor and' unfortunate. He died in Topsham at the age of sixt3'-six 3ears. GREENLEAF, RICHARD. Richard Greenleaf was born in 1787. He was a man of acute men- tal powers, and was often consulted and cmplo3'ed in matters relating to the settlement of estates. He was a selectman for twelve succes- sive 3-ears (1842-G4) and also in 18.39, and held other public trusts. He was a member of the Masonic fraternit3\ He died in Brunswick, April 29, 18G2. GRIFFIN, JOSEPH. Sir. Griffin was born in 1798, and came to Brunswick in 1819, and set np a printing-oflice. His first work was the publication of the Baccalaureate address b3' President Appleton. He subsequentl3' printed the works of Professors Uphara, Newman, Sm3-th, and Long- fellow, the publications of the college for a long series of vears, and much other matter. He was a printer of judgment, taste, industr}', and fidelit}', and enjo3'ed the reputation of being the best printer in the State. In restricted quarters, and with few of the modern appli- ances and conveniences, Mr. Griffin accomplished an immense amount of work. His last elaborate work, " The Press of Maine," testifies to his nntii-ing activit3' and his interest in all that pertains to the craft. It is due to his earnest labors that so much that relates to printing in this State is presented in so enduring a form. The last publication which came from his hands was a catalogue for the Maine Historical Society. He opened the first bookstore in Brunswick about 1822, and continued the business until his death. He was interested in all matters pertaining to beautif3'ing the town, and took an active part in the work upon the Mall. Mr. Griffin was earnest and devoted in the cause of religion, which to him, in his later vears, was rather the out- {;. -n 'W -7 l\^ BIOGRAPHICAL. 747 growth of Christian love than of dogmatic behef. He was a man of strict integrity, and tlioronghlj' straightforward in all his dealings. He died November 18, 1874. GYLES, JAMES. 1 The subject of this sketch, one of the earh* settlers of Topsham, was undoubtedl_y a relative and is presumed to be a brother of Thomas Gyles, who died at Peniaquid. According to his own account, which has been preserved, he left the Downs, England, September 5, 1668, probably with his famil}', and arrived at Boston November 9. On November 30 thej^ went to Braintree, INIassachusetts, where they " hired a liouse until spring," during which time he took a voj'age eastward to look out for a place to settle. On May 10, 1669, the}* left Boston, and Ma}' 17 he says, "We arrived at Merriraathing in Kennebec River, and not liking that house, the fourteenth of October we removed from thence to Whidby,^ a house on the same river, and having lived tliere two years 1 bought a tract of land of the Indians, and having bought a house upon tlie same, October 31, 1671. we removed from Whidby to go into our own house ; but Muddy River being frozen over, we were fain to go into James Thomas's house. April 16, 1672, we removed from thence into our own house at Muddy River, and having lived there three 3'ears and four months," on account of the Indian outbreak they left their house and went to Samuel York's as a garrison, where the}' stayed a month, but the Indians molesting their cattle and plundering their houses, and having killed several in Casco Bay, some of their men became timid and left, so that they had but nine men in garrison. They accordingly left about the middle of September, and went to Arrowsic. They remained there until the last of November, when on account of the number of people in the house, the}', with five other families, went to Sylvanus Davis's house, " on the west side of the river" (probably in what is now the town of Phipsburg), where they stayed all winter. After the peace of April, 1676, he went to a Mr. Weaswell's house (which was empty), and planted some corn, intending to go up to Muddy River again; but on account of the attack on Arrowsic, August 9, 1676, they were forced to flee for their lives in a canoe, and went to Dara- ariscove, where they stayed a week, and then, August 16, sailed for Boston, where they arrived August 18. October 11, 1676, they sailed from Boston, and on the twenty-sixth arrived at Southold, N. Y. ' From Gyles Memorial. ^ Whidby or Whisgeag, near Stevens's Carrying-Place. 748 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. The}' sta3'ed there at the house of Rieliard Brown for one 3'ear, during which time he bought some land about fourteen miles west from there, and October 26, 1677, the}' removed to iMattelock, a house about two miles from his lot, where the}" stayed about a 3'ear. The land being poor, and he dissatisfied, April 7, 1680, the}' sailed for [New] York [City], where they arrived on the seventeenth. Ma}' 22, they went to Governor Andros's house on Staten Island, where thev remained four mouths. On September 7 the}' went to Mr. Witt's house, '' to look after liis land, until Sir Ednuiud could get a lot of laud laid out for me," but he being recalled to England, Gyles did not get as good a lot as he expected, and accordingly he sold it and bought a lot in New Jersey. October 14, 1681, he continnes, " AVe removed from Staten Island to Benj. Hull's house in Piscataway, where we stayed all the winter, until our own house was ready. April 6, 168i, we removed into , pur own house at the Bound Brook, upon liariton River, in Piscatav,/ji in the East Province of New Jersey." The reasons for supposing him to be a brother of Thomas are : -^r.. 1. They both cams from Eugland, — James from Kent, and It^is not certainly known what part Thomas came from, but probably from the same county. 2. James left Boston for Merrymeeting, May 10, 1669. Thomas Watkins's deed to Tho)iias Gyles was dated only two days before, viz., May 8. 3. They lived near each other while in Maine. 4. They both went to Long Island, N. Y., in 1676. 5. They both had interest with Governor Andros. 6. Thomas Gyles named his first son for himself, his third son for his brother John (probably), and his second son Avas named James. 7. Tradition. The negative testimony is that Thomas and John have left nothing in regard to him, and that there are no affidavits of the settlers as in the case of Tho}iias. GYLES, CAPTAIN JOHN.i The subject of this sketch, a son of Thomas who was killed at Pemaquid, was taken prisoner by the Indians at the time of his father's death, August 2, 1689, and was carried to tha St. John's River. He was with the Indians six years, and was then sold to a French gentleman in New Brunswick. He remained with the latter ^ From Gyles ^kworial. BIOGRAPHICAL. 749 until June 13, 1698, when he was gh'en his freedom and sailed for Boston, where he arrived on the nineteenth of June. He was in cap- tivitj' eight years ten months and eleven daj's. After reaching Boston he was employed the greater part of the time, by private parties and b}- the government, as an interpreter with the Indians, from June 28, 1G98, to April. 1706. This latter year he received a commission as captain, having previouslj* served as lieutenant. In 1707 he went to Port Royal under Colonel Salstonstall. In 1708, and again in 1709, he was sent to Port Royal with a flag of truce to exchange prisoners. Between 1709 and 1715 he resided in Salisbury, Massachusetts, and was an innholder there. In August, 1715, he received orders from Governor Dudlej^ to build a fort at Pejepscot. It was finished November 25, 1715. His pff\- was thirt}' shillings per week, and the proprietors gave him £5, w*^ich he was not altogether satisfied with. He was dismissed from t George, December 12, 1725, and the next da^' was commissioned .1 the garrison at St. George's River. November 28, 1728, he was ofiimissioned a justice of the peace. In 1737 he retired from the military service and removed to Roxbur^', where he died. "He was a man of stern, unbending virtue, a true patriot, and a sincere Christian, upright in the discharge of duty, both to God and man. He served his country faithfully on a dangerous frontier, and was just and kind, yet ever vigilant, in his transactions Avith the abo- rigines. He was a man of energy and activity, and became possessed of considerable propertv, as appears from his will and from man\- deeds on record." Many of his letters to the governor and his muster- rolls are in the Massachusetts State archives. We append a fac- simile of his autograph. GYLES, THOMAS.* Thomas Gjdes resided in Topsham until late in the autumn of 1674, when, on account of the death of his father, and not because he was driven away by the Indians, he went to England with his family. Having obtained possession of his father's property, he returned to New England, probably in the autumn of 1675 or spring of 1676. From Gyles Memorial. 750 mslORY OF BIWNSWICK, TOrsHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. He intended returning to Pleasant Point, Topsliam, but was prevented by the Indian war tlien going on. In the summer of 1G77 he returned there, but finding the place deserted, he went to Pemaquid. •' He was a maij of wealth. . . . He was also a gentleman of great personal worth, of high religious character, a strict, unbending Puri- tan, a careful observer of the Sabbath, faithful and fearless in the dis- charge of all his duties. As a magistrate ' and ruler, who must be a terror to evil-doers, as well as a rewarder of those Avho do well, he met with much difficulty in enforcing the laws among a people who had long been accustomed to live without restraint." GYLES, TH0MAS.2 Thomas Gyles, the son of the subject of the preceding sketch, was, without doubt, born in Topsham, as Lydia Felt, aged sixty-one, de- posed July 22, 1718, that she lived in his father's famih' and was there when Thomas was born. He was, so far as can now be determined, the first white child born in Topsham. He escaped from the Indians at the time of his father's death at Pemaquid, and went to Boston, where he probably lived the remainder of his da^'s. At any rate he was a ferry-man there in 17^7, and kept a retail store in 1730. On August 15, 1727, Thomas Gylos, ferry-man, John Gyles, gent.. Mar}' Brewer, widow, and Jonas Webber, lawyer (or sawj-er) , and Margaret his wife, all of Boston ("Thomas and John are sons, and Mary and Margaret the daughters of Thomas Gyles, late of Pemequid, deceased"), in consideration of sixt}' acres where their father's house stood in Topsham, and five hundred and fifteen acres on Cathance Point, relinquished to the Pejepscot proprietors their father's right in the neck of land on Muddy River Point, and all other lauds of their father in Topsham. T^ A.LEY, PEL ATI AH. Pelatiah Hale}- was born in Kittery, Maine, October 8, 1740. He married Elizabeth Ley|is, who was born April 9, 1743, and died Feb- ruary 19, 1836. He was called Captain in consequence of having, for a time, commanded a company of militia. His sister Susannah mar- ried John Merrill, Esquire, of Topsham. Captain Haley moved to Topsham in May, 1769, coming by water. Captain Hale}' was in the Indian campaign of 17.39 or 1760 ; in the French war, at Lake Champlain and Montreal, under Captain John ' At Pemaquid. - From Qijlcs Memorial. BIOGRAPHICAL. 751 Wentworth, of Kitteiy. The next year after the capture of Quebec (1760), he was engaged in battle at the taking of the Isle of Aux.^ He was one of the Committee of Safety during the Revolutionarj^ war, for three jears. He was also one of the part}' at the capture of Cap- tain Mowatt, at Falmouth, in May, 1775, He was an orderly- corpo- ral in Captain Actor Patten's company in the Bagaduce Expedition in 1779, and was in the attack at the landing of the troops. After the defeat of the Americans he, guided by a compass, penetrated the wil- derness and reached the Sebasticook, where he hired a canoe and thus reached home. He died in Topsham, October 29, 1819, HALL, PAUL. Paul Hall was the son of Hate-evil Hall, of Falmouth, now Port- land, and came to BrunsAvick in the latter part of the last century. He first lived for a while on a farm at Rocky Hill, and in 1798 moved to a house in the village that stood where the Pejepscot Bank is now. He afterward lived on Mason Street. He was at one time largel}' engaged in the lumbering business, and lost heavily' in the great freshet of 1808. The latter part of his life he was a survejor of lumber. He was a Quaker, an upright, houest man, who expected others to bo as honest as he was himself, a good husband, father, and Christian citizen. ■ He died in April, 1841. HASEY, BENJAMIN, ESQUIRE. Benjamin Hasey was a native of Lebanon, Maine. His father, Isaac Hasey, the first minister of that town, was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and graduated at Harvard in the class of 1762. He was settled in Lebanon in 1765, where his son Benjamin was born, Jul}' 5, 1771, and was named from an uncle, who took his degree from Cambridge in that year. His mother was a i , ghter of William Owen, of Boston, Mr. Hasey, like his father and uncle, was a graduate of Harvard, class of 1790. Mr. Hasey received L^s preliminary educa- tion at Dumraer Academy, vinder the tuition of the celebrated Master Mood}', and entered college in 1786. Soon after leaving college, he entered the office of Judge Thacher, in Biddeford, as a student, and was admitted to practice in April, 1794. In June of the same year he established himself at Topsham, 1 So Woodman smjs in his 3ISS. We can find no such island. The Isle of Aix, France, was the seat of a naval battle in IT-lT, hut this date is too early. 752 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. where he continued to reside until his death, March 24, 1851, a period of fiftj'-seven 3'ears, a single as well as a singular man. Mr. Hasey represented his town in the legislature of Massachusetts several _yeai's before the separation ; but he had no taste for politics, and he withdrew from all public emplo^'ment. He was, for fifteen years, one of the trustees of Bowdoin College. Reserved and retired in his habits, he became more so as he left the common highwa}' so much frequented by lawyers and politicians. It was not unnatural that a man of his sensitive nature should have shnifik from scenes which are often contaminated by low intrigues and self- seeking arts. Of the most rigid integrity, regular and quiet in all his modes of thought and action, nothing disturbed him more than the cant of demagogues. As maybe supposed, he was strong!}- conserva- tive ; change was distasteful to him. This ma}- be a reason wh}- he never married. For more than thirty-eight years he boarded in the same family, and for many years occupied the same office, to which he daily resorted until within a few da^-s of his death, in the same manner as when he was in practice. But with all his peculiarities, he was ever to be relied upon ; his word was sacred, his act just, his deportment blameless. As a counsellor, his opinions were sound and much val- ued, and for many 3-ears he had an extensive practice in the counties of Lincoln and Cumberland. He rarel}' appeared as an advocate, his natural diffidence and reserve disqualifying him for any displaj'. Many 3-ears before his death he left the active duties of his profession ; the innovations which were taking place in the manners and course of prac- tice at the bar were ill suited to his delicate and conservative feelings. The want of ancient decorum and respect, the absence of forensic courtes}-, fretted upon his nerves. The abolishing of special pleading annoyed him, and the revision and codification of the statutes thor- oughl}^ confused his habitual notions of practice, displaced his accus- tomed authorities, and cast him afloat, in his old age, on what seemed a new profession. He lived in the past and believed in it, and strove, as much as mortal could, to keep himself from the degenerac}' of mod- ern ideas. Mr. Hasey, at the time of his death, was the oldest sur- viving lawj-er in the State ; when he commenced practice the whole number was but seventeen, all of whom he survived except Judge Wilde, who had removed from the State. ^ The Honorable Frederic Allen, his contemporar}- in Lincoln County, has furnished the following well-considered estimate of Mr. Hasej-'s ^ William Willis's The Law, Courts, and Lawyers of Maine. BIOGRAPIIICAL. 753 character and standing : " He was well versed in the principles of the common law. His reading was extensive, both legal and miscellanea ous. His memory was tenacions, his habits studious. In his person, though very small in stature, he was of the most perfect formation, and always most neatly attired. He had much good sense, and was a strict adherent to the old Federal party, from whose leading opinions, so long as the party had a distinctive existence, he never wavered, and had little charit}' for those who did. He was not much employed as an advocate ; he generally argued not over one case a 3'ear, and that was done ver}- well. His address to the j^ny was brief, free from all rep- etition or copious illustration. He left the world in the same appar- ent quietude in which he had lived, leaving a name much honored and a character highly respected." In his religious views he was a Unita- rian. HASKELL, DEACOX JOSHUA. Deacon Haskell moved to Topsham, August 2, 1S18. He had been previouslj' engaged in the lumbering business on the Androscoggin River, and still continued at that occupation. AVhen he first came to town, he resided in the house recentl}' occupied by'Sandford A.Perkins. In about six months afterwai'ds he moved on to "the Island," and took up his abode in the Nathaniel Green house, recently" occupied by Captain Henry W. Green. At the time of his entering this residence, Mr. Henry Bowman, from Litchfield, moved in and occupied one half of the house. Eariv in 1819, Messrs. Haskell and Bowman formed a partnership in business and commenced manufacturing lumber, buy- ing logs at the head of the Androscoggin, which they drove down, in the spring of the year, into booms. They rafted and sawed boards, shingles, clapboards, and laths for many years with good success. They finally dissolved partnership, and Mr. Bowman moved to Gardiner, where he died. Deacon Haskell was also engaged in trade. The small residence now occupied by Mrs. Beny, opposite the blacksmith shop of Samuel Jameson, was for some years a store, bearing the sign of Bowman & Haskell. In 1826 he built the house now occupied by Ebenezer Colby, and moved into it in November of the same 3-ear. He afterwards removed to the house on the corner of Main and Elm Streets, where his fam- il}' still resides. He was made deacon of the Free-Will Baptist Church at its first organization. He was a captain of the Artillery Companj- for some years, and 48 754 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPSWELL. was afterwards chosen major. He served in the war of 1812, having Qplisted at the age of eighteen. Joshua Haskell was a man of enlarged views and a liberal disposi- tion. He was kind-hearted, unselfish, and benevolent. He was a man of the highest integrity of character and was a sincere Christian. He possessed a rare humor and was alwaj's good-tempered. He invaria- bly looked upon the bright side, and his cheerfulness was undiminished by loss of property or other dispensations of Providence. HINKLEY, JUDGE AARON. Aaron Hinkle}'^ was one of the noted men of Brunswick in his day. Of his personal appearance and manner nothing is now known, but he is said to have had but one ej'e. The tradition which accounts for the loss of the other eye is, that a " tame " Indian in the employ' of Aaron's father was one day holding him in his lap, and accidentally dropped a live coal from his pipe into the boj^'s eye, totally destroying the sight. He was a man of good judgment, and was often engaged in the ser- vice of the town, either on committees or as a selectman. He served in the latter capacity five several years, 1745, 1750, 1755, 1759, 1760. In 1775 he was one of the judges of the Court of Sessions for Lincoln County. When Topsham was incorporated, in 1764, Judge Hinkley was directed to issue his warrant for calling the first town meeting. In his religious views he was a Congregationalist, and was very severe in his opposition to Presb3'terianism. He lived where Ephraim Larrabee resided in 1854. HINKLEY, DEACON SAMUEL. Samuel Hinkley was born in Harwich, Februar}' 7, 1711. He moved to this State, and in 1729-30 is named as one of several persons asso- ciated together for the purpose of forming the First Church of Bidde- ford. On August 29, 1735, he purchased of James Kent, for one hun- dred and fifteen pounds, thirtj'-five acres of land in Biddeford. He was chosen a deacon of the church there. 4Ie soon after, however, moved to Brunswick, and settled at New Meadows. His wife's name has not been ascertained. He was selectman in 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, and 1743, and a representative in 1747. HUMPHREYS, GENERAL JOHN C. John Campbell Humphreys, the son of Lawrence and Frances (Campbell) Humphreys, was born in Georgetown (now Phipsburg), February 22, 1798. /^ J' a ^r^. BiOGRArmcAL. 755 His father afterwards removed to Topsham, and at the age of four- teen John C. entered the store of Jotham Stone, of Brunswick. Active, intelhgent, upright, and energetic, he soon won the confidence and esteem of his emplo^'er, and before he had attained his majority, Mr. Stone sold his stock to liim and Ephraim Brown, and the}', as Brown & Humphreys, continued the same business for several 3'ears. He afterwards formed a partnership witli A. B. Thompson, and for many years the firm of Thompson & Humphre3's were largely engaged in lumbering in the woods, and in manufacturing at their mill in the Cove in Brunswick. This connection continued until 1850. In 1848, General Humphreys, as he was then universally called, bought the Dunning farm, at the Narrows, and transferred his business to that location, building a steam saw-mill and a ship-yard. Here, in connection with his sons John H, and Charles C, he carried on the manufacture of lumber, and from the ship-^'ard were launched, in suc- cessive 3'ears, the ships Ophir, J. C. Humphreys^ Singapore, Mareny-'', and the bark Annie Kimball. In politics General Humphre3'S was a Democrat, and he held many offices of importance. He was a senator in the State legislature, high sheriff of Cumberland Count3' for several 3'ears, and collector of the port of Bath under President Polk. As a citizen he interested himself in all that related to public and town affairs. He took an active part in militar3' matters, and rose to the rank of major general of militia. He was chief warden of the fire department of Brunswick for many 3'ears. It was, however, as a Mason that he was probably most widel}' known throughout the State. He earh' took a deep interest in the subject of Freemasonr3', and was honored with the highest positions of the order in the State. In all his relations as a citizen, politician, Mason, and man, to use the words of a contemporar3', " he sustained a character above reproach." He married Angeliue Whitmore, daughter of John Whitmore, of Bath, December 31, 1823, b3' whom he had a large famil3' of children, five of whom survived him. His health, which had alwa3*s been remarkabl3' robust, failed him in 18G4, and he died June 18, 1865,'at the age of sixt3'-seven. He was buried with Masonic ceremonies, and his funeral was attended b3' a large representation of the Masonic order from different parts of the State. His wife survived him but a short time, and died October 14, 1866, at the age of sixt3'-four. 756 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. HUNTER, AD^M. Adam Hunter, a grandson of Captain Adam, and son of James, was named for his grandfather. He enlisted in the army in the \\q\- olutionar}' war, under Captain, afterwards Colonel, John Keed. He was but sixteen ^-ears of age at the time. He is said to have been under General John Sullivan when the latter laid waste the country of the Six Nations, about 1778 or 1779. The following traditional account of his capture at that time, and his subsequent escape, is given : — " Having been sent out on a scouting party, he was taken captive by the Indians. By them he was stripped of all he had, and was left with bareh' a blanket, or some such slight clothing. In his captivity he was associated with a Dutchman who lived among the Indians and was acquainted with their language. The pappooses, or young Indians, were in the habit of applying pointed splinters of pitch-wood, prick- ing him and tormenting him, and then laughing to see him dodge their mock assaults. The Dutchman, having been flogged b}' one of the squaws, resolved to attempt his escape, and communicating his purpose to Hunter, they contrived to quit them. Hunter carr^'ing his hat full of corn, which they had contrived to secrete for this purpose, and the Dutchman carrying a hatchet. With these slender means of sustenance and defence, after Hunter had been among them about three weeks, the}" made their escape. Their only food for eight days was the dry corn, about two quarts in quantity, which they took with them. At one time in .their wanderings the}' lost their way, and heard the ])arking of the Indians' dogs. The Dutchman was for sur- rendering himself again to the Indians ; but Hunter, contriving by some excuse to get possession of the hatchet, threatened to split his brains if he attempted to give himself up ; and at length they suc- ceeded in reaching the settlements at Harpersfield, New York, where Hunter was supplied with clothes, etc., and again joined the anny. At the time of tlieir escape it was in the montli of October, and Hunter said there was occasionally to be found some snow in the low lands. Hunter served three years and then returned home." After his return Adam went to scliool at Bath. While here, after much persuasion, he went on board a privateer. Some prizes were taken and carried into Salem or Boston, but at length he was cap- tured and carried into Halifax. His father and uncle went to Halifax to obtain his exchange, but before his arrival Adam, with about five hundred other American prisoners, had been put on board a vessel BIOGRAPHICAL. Ibl called the CormvaUis, to be conve3'ed to Boston. The vessel was lost, and Adam was never heard of afterwards. This was in the autumn of 1781.1 HUNTER, JAMES. The subject of this sketch, a son of Captain Adam Hunter, was one of the selectmen of Topsham in 1767, 1768, 1773, and 1779. He was chosen to this office again in 1780, but declined service. He was on the committee raised in February, 1781, to see to the procuring of seven men for the Continental arm}'. He is st3-led Major in the town records. His son John, called "Bald-headed John," stated, about 1833, that his father had been a major in the Revolutionary war, and that he was made a colonel about the close of the war, and that his commission was signed by Hancock. Bald-headed John also said that his father was under Colonel North (whom he called Judge North) of Augusta. He said that he had heard his father and the old soldiers speak of Judge North as colonel, in ridicule ; that they used to have a good deal of fun about Colonel North, and that the latter was nicknamed " Jo Bunker." When his son Adam (see preceding sketch) was carried to Halifax, James Hunter, with his brother Robert, procured two prisoners and went to Halifax to obtain an exchange. He was there detained and imprisoned about a fortnight, it being charged against him that he was a sp3'. He was liberated, however, and sent home in a schooner, one Captain Powell, master, who landed him at the mouth of the Kennebec River. He reached home about Christmas, 1781. The father of James Hunter's ^'ife was Thomas Williams, who came from England, February' 18, 1717, " when gooseberries were in blow," and reached Boston, April 17, 1717, " when the snow was very deep." He was employed in teaching Latin in Boston, and subsequently i-emoved to the part of Georgetown that is now Bath. It is said that he was a physician, and that he often expressed his regrets at having ever left England. Colonel Hunter died about 1809, at the age of seventj'-four, leaving a family whose posterity are still numerous in town. KENDALL, ELDER HENRY. Elder Henry Kendall was born in Sandford, July 3, 1774. He liad ten brothers and sisters. When he was ten years old he went to Wells and lived with Captain S. Hatch. When he was about thirteen 1 Fro]n Woodman's MS. Notes. 758 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. j'ears old his father deserted the family, and Henrj' went to Centre Harbor and was apprenticed to Mr. Marston to learn the tanner's and shoemaker's trade. He received only three months' schooling. In October, 1801, he began to preach. In 1802 he visited Mt. Vernon, Palermo, Belfast, Hallowell, Litchfield, Bowdoinham, An- giista, Bowdoin, Sidney, Bloomfield, and Mercer, preaching in each place, and returned to Litchfield, where he settled. In 1812 he was representative to the legislature from that town. March 18, 1818, he moved to Topshani and bought a farm. He was settled over the Baptist Church in Topsham for about ten 3-ears, and ever after made it his home, though he preached as a missionar3' over almost the entire State. Of his style of preaching but little is known, except that he was noted for the power and compass of his voice. It was once said by Doctor Porter, in reference to Mr, Kendall and one of the other ministers, that he could " sta}' at home and hear Elder Kendall, or go to the Orthodox Church and hear them both." The Baptist vestry was then opposite the present cemetery*, and Doctor Porter lived in the Purinton house near. KING, HONORABLE WILLIAM. "William King, the first governor of the State of Maine, was born in Scarboro', February- 9, 1708, and died in Bath, June 17, 1852. When nineteen 3'ears old a division of his father's property was made, and his share was a yoke of two-year-old steers. "With these steers he started east in the spring of the j'ear to seek his fortune. It was cold, but having neither shoes nor stockings, he went barefooted. He stopped at man}' houses on the wav, offering to work for his board. He finalh' reached Topsham and found employment in a saw-mill. He was industrious and frugal, and in a year and a half had laid by enough to purchase one half a saw, and it was not long- before he owned a whole saw, and finalh* a whole mill. After a while he formed a copartnership with his brother-in-law, Doctor Benjamin Jones Porter, under the name of Porter &King, and opened a store, Mr. King devoting his attention chiefly to his lumber interests, and Doctor I'orter assuming control of the store This copartnership existed for some 3ears after ]Mr. King's removal to Bath, which took place in 1800. Mr. King was one of the incorporators of the toll-bridge, and also one of the incorporators of the first cotton-mill in Brunswick. After -his removal to Bath he opened a store there. He was also extensively^ engaged in ship-building for manv years. He was at one time a BIOGRAPHICAL. 759 member of the Massachusetts legislature. In 1811 he was major- general of militia. In 1812 he was president of the Bath Bank. Wliile in the Massachusetts legislature " he was distinguished hy his efforts in behalf of religious freedom, and of securing to original settlers upon wild lands the benefit of their improvements. He was an earl}^ and ardent advocate of the separation of Maine from Massa- chusetts, and upon the consummation of that act presided over the Convention which met in 1819 to frame the Constitution of the new State. He was in 1820 elected the first governor of Maine, and after holding office a little more than a year, became one of the United States commissioners for the adjustment of Spanish claims. He also held other offices of importance under the general and State govern- ments, including that of collector of the port of Bath."i He was the first grand master of the Grand Lodge of Maine Freemasons. LARRABEE, CAPTAIN BENJAMIN. Captain Benjamin Larrabee came from Portland, then Falmouth, to assume the command of the fort in Brunswick about 1727. In December of that 3'ear he petitioned the General Court of Massachu- setts " for a recompense for services in going from Boston to Bruns- wick, the journej' having consumed one month." He lived in the fort for some years, and his children were born there. He afterwards lived at New Meadows, where the house of Andrew Thomas now stands. He was the agent of the Pejepscot proprietors, and before the incorporation of the town he had the principal management of the concerns of the township. In 1735 he superintended the building of the old WestMeeting-House, purchasing all the materials, attending to the transportation, etc. He died in 1748 and was buried in the grave^'ard attached to the fort. There are now no traces of this bury ing-ground . Captain Larrabee was a worthy man, much beloved b}- those inti- mately acquainted with him. He was 'considered a good business man and was much respected for his integrity and faithfulness to his trust. His posterity are numerous and highl}- respectable. His son Nathaniel was town clerk for thirty-seven years, from 17G6 to 1802 ; selectman from 1783 to 1800, and was otherwise prominent in town affairs. 1 New American Vydopcedia, 10, p. 167. For further particulars see also Popham Memorial volume, Maine Historical Collection, pp. 20G to 213. 760 HISTOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARP SWELL. LARRABEE, CAPTAIN NEHEMIAH. Nehemiali Larrabee was born in Brnnswick about 1800, and lived for man}' 3-ears on Federal Street. He began life as a sailor and soon obtained his title of captain. " Possessing a naturally strong constitu- tion, an active mind, an iron will, indomitable energy, and a persever- ance nothing could daunt, be won his waj' to a handsome competence. As a husband and father he was most indulgent ; as a friend, true as steel, and with a heart open as a child to all proper claims upon his time or means for the relief of the sick or suffering." He died May G, 1863. LEMONT, ADAM. Mr. Leraont was born in 1797, and moved from Bath to Brunswick about 1835. He was largely engaged in tlie lumber business and in trade as a member of the firm of Lemont, Forsaith & Hall. He wa§ afterwards president of the Brunswick Maine Insurance Company and of the Union National Bank. He was a director of the latter at the time of his death. He was a selectman in 1842, 1843, and 1844, and representative in 1844 and 1845. He was also largely engaged in ship-building. An active, energetic, and well-educated business man, he managed his affairs with great shrewdness and accumulated a handsome property. He was a most agreeable man in social inter- course, well posted in public affairs, an esteemed and valuable citizen. He died February 24, 1874. LIXCOLN, ISAAC, M. D. Doctor Isaac Lincoln was born in Cohasset, Massachusetts, in 1780. He fitted for college under the tuition of Reverend Josiah Crocker Shaw, of Cohasset, and of Reverend Kilburn Whitman, of Pembroke. He graduated at Harvard in 1800, and for two years afterward taught a grammar school. He studied medicine with Doctor Thomas Thaxter. In 1804 he settled as a physician in Topsham. In 1820 he married Maria S., daughter of Captain John Dunlap, and moved to Brunswick. In 1831 he received the degree of M. D. from Howdoin College, it being bestowed as a compliment. He was a member of the Medical Faculty of the Maine Medical School from 1820 to 1867. He was a member of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College, and it is said that he never missed a meeting of that Board for over sixt}' years. He was at one time chosen a member of the governor's council, but declined the honor. ^ -i^ CC CA^ ISAAC LUvXOilsr. 2v[.X). C^. Q^^^d^^T^ BIOGRAPHICAL. "> 761 Doctor Lincoln was a very pnblic-spirited man, and the result of his influence is still to be seen in Brunswick, The prominent traits of his character were his individuality and his positiveness. Though firm in his opinions, he never objected to hearing and discussing the views of those who difl'ered with him. As a man he was generous-hearted, kind, genial, and fond of children. He was a member of the F'irst Parish Church, and was a sincere Christian. In business matters he was upriglit, impulsive but honest, bold and independent. As a phy- sician he was very popular and had an extensive practice. It is said he particularly excelled in the difficult art of diagnosis. Certain it is that few difficult cases of disease occurred in the practice of his pro- fessional neighbors without his opinion and advice being invoked.. He died March 6, 1868. LINCOLN, JOHN D., M. D. '• Doctor Lincoln, more generally' spoken of as Doctor John in the lifetime of his father, the late Doctor Isaac Lincoln, was born and bred in the house in which he lived and died. He entered Bowdoiu College in 1839, graduated in 1843, and graduated from the Maine Medical School in 1846, and at once went into practice with his father. "The doctor won a large measure of success in the practice of his profession, working early and late, driving far and near, to meet the constant calls for his professional services. Even after his health had become seriously impaired, he was found making his daily calls upon patients, who comprised every class in the community, for the doctor was no respecter of persons. " He ranked high in the estimation of his professional brethren, and for years has often been called by them in consultation over difficult cases. His intercourse with them at such times was marked by cour- tesy and a gentlemanl}- regard for the rights of the profession. He won success as a practitioner, and he won it as well b}' his loving, genial, mirthful wa_ys in the sick-room. In this matter of kindly atten- tion to the sick, Doctor Lincoln had few if any superiors. "• He was well read in literature outside of his profession, interested in the discussion of the political topics of the day ; possessing a reten- tive memory and the keenest sense of humor, he was ever a most interesting companion in the social circle, enlivening it by his sallies of wit, and by the narration of anecdotes of the most vivacious descrip- tion. The same characteristics that he manifested in public endeared him to his famil}' in the privacy of home. He was greatly interested in the development and ornamentation of the village, and to his well- 702 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. directed efforts, preceded by those of his father, are tlie people largely- indebted for the present excellent condition of the Mall. He was remarkable for the conservative, peace-preserving element of his char- acter and for his great fondness for children. Doctor Lincoln was a member of the Snperintending School Conmiittee of Brunswick, a mem- ber of the Board of Overseers of the College, and a member of the Facultv of the IMaine Medical School. At a meeting of the Medical Faculty, resolutions expressive of respect and s^-mpath}- were passed." To this tribute to his memory it should be added that he was deeply interested in the preparation of this volume, and rendered much valu- able assistance, which Avas continued even after he had taken his bed in his last sickness. He once said to the writer that he desired to live long enough to write his reminiscences of fift3'3'ears' practice in Bruns- wick. He died June 3, 1877. LUNT, AMOS. Amos Lunt came to Brunswick soon after the Revolution, and built a grist-mill. At first he lived in the fort, but soon built a two-story house on the corner of Mill and Bow Streets, where he resided at the time of his death. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, enlisting soon after the battle of Bunker Hill. He served in the army eight years, and a part of the time was a sergeant. He was at Valley Forge in the memora- ble winter of 1777. He was also present at Cherry Valley, at the sur- render of Burgoyne, and also at that of Cornwallis, and was with Gen- eral Sullivan when he Avent into the Indian country. Mr. Lunt at first received no pension, but a few years before his death, the law regard- ing pensions having been changed, he received one hundred and fift}' dollars a jear. Mr. Lnnt was fond of company, especiall\- that of the joung, and took delight in rehearsing the stirring scenes of the Revolution, in which he had taken part. He was a good citizen, and always took a strong interest in public affairs. In politics he was a Whig, and never voted any other ticket. When too feeble to walk to the polls, he insisted upon being carried there as long as he was able to leave his room. McKEEN, REV. JOSEPH, D. D. The subject of this sketch was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1774, and immediately opened a school in his native town, London- derr}', which he kept for several 3'ears. F'ond of mathematics and philosophy, he, in the summer of 1780, pursued a course of study at BIOGRAPHICAL. T(i3 Cambridge, under Professor Williams, who then filled the chair of Matlieinatics and riiilosophy in Harvard Universitj-. lie then com- menced his theological studies under Reverend Mr. Williams, of Wind- ham, New Hampshire, the instructor of his youth. Before completing his preparation for the ministr\-, he was, for a while, an assistant instructor in the academy at Andover. While a candidate for settle- ment in the ministry, he preached with much acceptance to the society in Boston, collected by Reverend Mr, Moorhead, and which afterwards enjoyed the labors of the distinguished Doctor Belknap. In 1785 he was ordained pastor of the church in Beverly, Massachusetts. For seventeen years he discharged the duties of the ministerial ofhce, ever enjoying the respect, confidence, and atfection of his people, and sus- taining the reputation of a sound divine and an impressive preacher. {^^^ In 1800 he preached the sermon on the anniversary- of the gu1)ernato- rial election, a performance which added much to his reputation. About this time he was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, in whose transactions may be found papers com- municated hy him. In 1.S04 he was complimented by his Alma Mater with the degree of Doctor of Divinity. In 1801 he was elected presi- dent of Bowdoin College. In the midst of his labors. President McKeen, whose strength ©f constitution had given unusual promise of a long life of usefulness, perceived the premonitions of a disease which at length, after a pro- 764 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPS WELL. tracted illness of nearly two 3'ears, proved fatal. Just after Com- mencement, in the autumn of 1806, he took a short excursion to Bev- erly, the scene of his former labors, in the hope of removing the complaint which was fast wasting his strength ; but while he was there it returned with aggravated svmptoms. At first supposed to be a dis- ease of the liver, it at last assumed the form of drops}'. The most affectionate solicitude of friends and the most enlightened professional skill could not arrest its progress. Having waited calmly and patientl}- his appointed time, he died suddenly, as he was sitting in his chair, at the age of forty-nine years. The event caused deep grief throughout the community. In regard to the qualifications of President McKeen for the able and successful discharge of the duties pertaining to his exalted and respon- sible station, there was but one sentiment. His sound, discriminating judgment, his cool decision, his equable spirit, his manners, conciliat- ing and at the same time dignified, his kind feelings, his moral excel- lence, his reputation as a minister of the gospel, and the full possession of public confidence, combined with his love of science, fitted him in a high degree for the office he was called to fill. ' The genealogy of the McKeens may be found in the History of Lon- donderr}-. New Hampshire, pages 284-289. McKEEN, JOSEPH, ESQUITtE. Joseph McKeen, a son of Reverend Joseph McKeen, the first presi- dent of Bowdoin College, was born in Beverly, Massachusetts, 1787. He was a well-known business man in Brunswick, and was wideh' known throughout th(i State. He was a cashier of the first Union Bank from 1859 until it closed its affairs, and was a president of the second Union Bank for many years. For thirty-six years he was treasurer of the college, and his admin- istration of the office showed marked ability and thorough rectitude. He was also a director and trustee of the Kennebec and Portland Railroad Company, and for several years was its treasurer. He was a thorough business man, and exact and methodical in his accounts. He was well read in common topics and in some special departments of literature, including Biblical geograph}' and history'. As a compliment to his attainments he had bestowed upon him b}- Bowdoin College, in 1843, the honorary title of A. M. He was a nian of strong aftections, indulgent in his famil}', and kind and benev- ^From a Sketch 0/ Bowdoin College, by Reverend A. S. Packard, D. D. BIOGRAPHICAL. 7 G 5 olent to all. He was a member of the church of the First Parish, a teacher in its Sabbath school, and oftentimes conducted religious services on emergencies. '' He was a marked man, with a clear, unclouded intellect, of decided opinions, with an energy that no difficulties appalled, a determination that went straight to its work, and of unquestioned sincerity of pur- pose in whatever labor engaged. " He possessed a heart read}' to respond to the calls of benevolence and friendship, manifested in acts of great liberality and thoughtful- ness. The demands of dutj' did not overbear the claims of a common manhood." McKEEN, JOHN, ESQUIRE. John McKeen, a brother of the subject of the preceding sketch, was born in Beverl}', Massachusetts, December 21, 1789 ; came to Brunswick when about thirteen years old, and lived here for fifty- nine 3'ears. He fitted for college with Reverend J. Ellis of Topsham, and graduated from Bowdoin in 1811. He was for man}- ^ears a secretary of the Board of Overseers of the college. He was engaged in general trade for man}' years, and was much interested in the his- tor}' and welfare of the town. For twenty-three consecutive ^-ears he served as town clerk, and during this period collected many valuable papers. He was I)}- nature and training an antiquarian. The evidences of his research will be seen by the frequent allusions to his name in this volume. " He ever manifested a warm interest in whatever related to the aflJ"airs of the town, and his action was guided by a liberal judgment and a truly catholic spirit. Though devoting himself with untiring energy, and a perseverance that no obstacles could arrest, to a stud}' of whatever related to the past, he did not bury himself in the dead past, but lived in the present, holding, however, as his truest guides and safest counsellors, the memory and deeds of men who have long since mouldered to dust. At the same time that he proved himself the good citizen in the broader sphere of life, he was no less the chari- table and kind-hearted gentleman in all that concerned social inter- course. Of a hearty, genial nature, his face, always benignant, occa- sionally beamed with a smile of peculiar benevolence, and his address was always kindly and courteous. '' He was one of the founders of the Maine Historical Society, and no man has done more to promote the interest and efficiency of the institution. For historical investigations he possessed an apt- ness, a quickness, a penetration, and an entireness of appreciation 76() HISTORY OF BRUXSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. quite remarkiible. There Avas no brilliancy of intellect ; perhaps, upon ordinary occasions, his mind moved slowh' ; but when investigating New ILngland history there was no sluggishness, no inaction, and no failure to appreciate the subject in hand, however broadly extended, or how intricately related to matters which to the outside observer might appear as foreign altogether. The intellect went straight to its work, and the result reached never failed to secure respect for the man, if it did not alwa3's win the verdict of his opponents. " No man was so well acquainted with the records and doings of the Pejepscot proprietors, and he was regarded as standard authority in all matters of controversy' arising under these records and the deeds of these earh' proprietors of Brunswick. " In politics he was a "Whig of the strongest sect, a supporter of the Constitutional Union ticket of the last campaign, a supporter of measures of peace and conciliation until the sword was drawn ; then a firm supporter of the government in a vigorous prosecution of the war, but always after constitutional forms and in strict accordance with law. " A Scotch Presbyterian in matters of faith, he adhered with won- derful tenacity to the doctrines of his church, but as exemplified in his life they were divested of all their rigor and sharpness. His spirit was too catholic, his heart too true, his love of his fellow-men too earnest, and his charity too broad to bind him, or to lead him to act less nobly and earnestly than a Christian gentleman should act." He died December 2, 18G1. McKEEN, JAMES, M. D. Doctor James McKeen, a third son of President McKeen. was grad- uated at Bowdoin College in 1817. He entered upon the study of medicine under Doctor Matthias Spaulding, of Amherst, New Hamp- shire ; finished his course under Doctor John Ware, of Boston ; grad- uated at the Harvard Medical School in 1820, and at once commenced the practice of his profession in Topsham. In 1825 he was elected Professor of Obstetrics in the Medical School of Maine, and served in that office until 1839. During the two last years of his office he also lectured on the Theory and Practice of Medicine. He kept up a warm interest in this school and in the college dui*ing his whole life, and was for many years one of the overseers. *' During his college days," says an intimate friend of his youth, "• the civilized world was watching with deepest interest the movements of Napoleon Bonaparte, and no member of college, I am sure, knew so much of those stirring events BIOGRAPHICAL. 7G7 af5 3'onng McKeen, who followed the march of the contending armies with tlie best maps he could command ; as then, so ever after, distin- guished for his extensive and minute geographical knowledge. He took to astronomy when it came in the collegiate course. Late one starlit night, President Appleton descried from his window a light on the steps of the old college chapel. Apprehending some mischief at work at that late hour, he left his house and repaired with cautious steps to the spot, and, unnoticed by the supposed culprit, placed his hand on the 3'oung man's shoulder. It was McKeen, all alone, with a celestial globe and a light, observing the constellations in the heavens, ' Ah, McKeen,' exclaimed the astonished president, ' I am glad to find you so well occupied.' This interest in the science continued through life, a comfort and amusement in many a long night drive. He was fearless. Some thought him reckless when he crossed Merry- meeting Ba}' in earl}' spring, just before the breaking up of the ice, sitting up on the back of the sleigh, watching for holes in the ice and thus directing his horse on his perilous way. '' Doctor McKeen was of the strongest, deepest affections. How he loved his college classmates ! We recall, with delightful remembrance, his gathering the surviving members of his class to his house, from far and near, a few years ago, on the fiftieth anniversary day of their graduation, and there spending two days, brightest in their calendar, together^ and his inviting friends to sympathize in their gladness. With a most direct, downright, at times almost rough exterior of man- ner, few men were so easil}- moved to tears. " Doctor McKeen was not a mere professional man. No one could be conversant with him and not be impressed with the proof of his tenacious memor}- of men and events. In modern political history, whether of our own or other lands, few surpassed him in general state- ment or minute detail. He never made public profession of his relig- ious faith. An habitual attendant on public worship when his pro- fessional calls and his health would permit, uniformly contributing his influence and support to the claims of the sanctuary, he was reserved respecting his own personal religious experiences. He never, however, swerved from the faith of his fathers. He made the re\ealed word his companion, and of late j'ears seemed to be girding himself for the com- ing of his Lord, often apprehending the day of His coming to be near at hand, and during his last days and his hours of consciousness sup- plicating in repeated petitions with agony of spirit for mercy through, and solelj' for, the merits of a crucified Redeemer." Doctor McKeen, though gentle and kind in the sick-room, possessed 708 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. a wonderful ph3-sical energy, and had a rough bearing externally. lie was of a xGxy nervous temperament, which showed itself in his mode of diiving his horses. He has always been called a reckless driver, and so he was, as far as danger to pedestrians was concerned, rightly judging that the^' would give him a wide berth. So far, however, as pertained to the management of his steeds, he had no superior. He was a man of uncommon strength, and a lover of fair play. His bravery as well as his strength is shown in the following anecdote, ■vvhich he himself told the writer : Once, soon after settling in Tops- ham, he was summoned one dark night to Bath. He went by way of Brunswick. When near New Meadows, his horse was suddenlj' seized by the bridle and stopped. At the same moment a man stepped up to his carriage, presented a pistol, and demanded his mone3\ The doc- tor quietly reached out, took the man by the coat-collar, lifted him into the carriage, disarmed him, and then, whipping his horse, broke away from the man who was holding the bridle, and carried the man he had taken to Bath. While he w^as a professor in college, Doctor JMcKeen made the tour of Europe, studying in the hospitals. While he was at Dublin, it is related of him that, being one day on the outskirts of the city, he observed a very large man fighting with a small one. Without stop- ping to learn the nature or merits of their quarrel, he at once "pitched into" the large man, and was busilj^ engaged in the contest when he was arrested by an officer, and taken to Dublin. He escaped confine- ment by the assistance of the American consul. As a physician, Doctor McKeen possessed keen powers of discrimi- nation and good judgment, and was alwaj's fertile in expedients. The writer recollects, on one occasion, while a student in his office, going with him to visit quite a number of patients in the outskirts of Bow- doin, Bowdoinham, and Richmond. The doctor left home in haste, and forgot to take his medicine-bag with him. The patients were all of them far from any druggist, so that to leave a prescription would hardl}- have been satisfactory in any of the eases. The doctor was not, however, in the least disconcerted when he made the discover}- that he had no medicines with him, but proceeded to give the neces- sary advice in regard to diet, etc., and then instructed them how to obtain and prepare the medicines most appropriate to each case. The suggestions thus obtained have never been forgotten, and have often proved of service to the writer. SurgeiT was, however, the l)ranch in which Doctor IMcKeen partic- ularly excelled, and had he lived in a more thickly settled comnumity, BIOGRAPniCAL. 769 M-hero he would have had more frequent opportunities for practice, he would prol»ably have become eminent in this direction. As an instruc- tor of medical pupils, he had, in the earlier 3'ears of his professional life, an excellent reputation. Later, however, he left his stndents pretty much to themselves, merely advising them what to read, and in the latter part of their course occasionally taking them to see his patients. The instruction that he gave at the bedside was, however, very thorough. Doctor McKeen was, to the close of his life, an earnest student. He not onl}' kept up his interest in medical matters, but also in literary studies, and the last time the writer saw him he asked in regard to the correctness of some classical quotation that he was reading. Doctor McKeen had a livel}' sense of both personal and professional honor. Quacks and quackery he thoroughly and utterly- detested and despised. At the same time he himself, especialh' when he first com- menced, did not hesitate to put in practice a little harmless deception, such as being called from church when not needed, and especialh' a habit he never gave up, of driving furiously when first starting out. Among the citizens of Topsham, no one will be longer or more dearl}' remembered than he of whom it has been said that " upon his good name no stain ever rested." lie died in Topsham, November 28, 1873. McMANUS, CAPTAIN RICHARD. Captain Richard McManus enlisted as a soldier, at the age of eigh- teen, in Colonel McCobb's regiment, in the 3'ear 1813, and passed his time of service in the woods of Chateaugay (we suppose in New York, not far from Plattsburg) until December, 1814, when his term of ser- vice expired. Immediately after peace was declared, he shipped as a common sailor in Captain John Dunlap's emplo\-, and sailed with a Captain Growse. As a seaman he made two voj'ages with Cap- tain William Curtis. He then was promated to the office of mate, and in 1822 was again promoted to the office of master, and took charge of the schooner Exchange. From that time forward he succes- sively commanded different vessels, in the emplo}' of various parties, in 182G becoming interested as part owner with Messrs Washington & Jackson, of Philadelphia. Captain McManus made his last vo^-age in 1847, in the ship Mon- te reii h-omM6b'\\Q io lA\er\)Oo\ a.x\A back to New York. In 1854 he was appointed as agent for Maine for the New York Board of Under- writers, — a position of marked responsibility, demanding skill, judg- 49 770 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. inent, independence, and honest}' for a faithful discharge of dut}' ; this office he held for ten 3-ears, and we may sa}', we believe without a fear of contradiction, that the dut^^ was rendered to the entire satis- faction of the company, and to the great credit of the deceased. During his long and busy life, — for the captain was never idle .when work was to be done, — he amassed a handsome propert}', which, how- ever, the reverses of later years somewhat diminished. A gentleman who knew him well in Liverpool in his younger days, declares that he was one of, if not the finest looking ship-master that ever sailed out of that port ; he bore a close resemblance to E. K. (.ollins of New York, and the mistakes of identit\' were cause of merriment to both men. A remarkable thing for a sailor, Captain McManus never used tobacco in any form. In his long service on the sea, and in his ten 3-ears' work for the Board of Underwriters, Captain McManus had become more widel}"^ known than any other ship-master in New England, possibly than any in the United States. The deceased possessed a good knowledge of the common affairs of everv-da}- life, of the current politics of the day, and was thoroughl}' up in his calling as a ship-master and as a superintendent of the construc- tion of ships. Clear-headed, he was methodical in his business, prompt to meet his engagements, and honest in his dealings with others ; pru- dence and forethought marking his management of his business affairs. Captain McManus possessed a fund of animal spirits, proving him- self a most companionable man. He was free in his manners, strong in his attachments, and strong in his dislikes ; generous and hospitable in an eminent degree, his house and table were ever open to friends, and that hospitality was bestowed with an ease and cordiality that rendered it doubly acceptable to the recipient. Pie died in Brunswick, September 3, 1875.^ MARTIN, CAPTAIN CLEISIENT. Clement Martin was born in 1790. He was one of Brunswick's most successful ship-masters. Starting upon life with none of the advantages of modern days, he won his way to command and competent fortune through the exercise of an untiring energy, a cool judgment, and great l)usiness shrewdness and sagacity. Possessing a clear intellect, he observed closely, storing up many curious and interesting facts of men and things, incidents of his early life. He was a man of strong ' From the Brunsioick Telegraph. BIOGRAPHICAL. "ill impulses but of warm feelings, making close friends of those who knew him best. He died June 2, 1869. MERRILL, JOHX, ESQUIRE. Mr. John Merrill was a surveyor. Having been emplojed hy Sir William Pepperell to survej- some of his land, Pepperell was so well pleased with him that he advised him to move to the District of Maine, and it was doubtless through his recommendation that Merrill was employed b}' Governor Bowdoin, of Massachusetts, to survey his extensive tract of land. In 17G0, Mr. Merrill packed up his clothes and tools, and with his pack over his shoulder left Arundel, and started on foot for the Andi'os- coggin River. At North Yarmouth he met a man who had just arrived from Brunswick. He asked the man if there would be an}' trouble in finding the waj'. " Oh, no," was the repl}', " the waj' is prett}' well spotted out." He then asked him the distance, and the answer was, " The}' call it eighteen miles, but I will swear for it you will think it twenty-eight miles before you get there." After arriving at Topsham he began to look around for a farm, and finally made a selection of the old Merrill homestead, where he built a log-house in the rear of the sits of the present house. He was after- wards rallied by an acquaintancs upon what was deemed his lack of judgment in building so far off from the settlement. While in the employ of Governor Bowdoin he was accustomed each fall, after his season's work was over, to travel on foot, pack on back and staff in hand, to Boston, to render an account of his doings to his employer and receive his pa}'. Mr. Merrill was for many years the principal surveyor in Lincoln County. He was very careful and accurate, and showed a good degree of skill for those times. He was a public-spirited and patriotic man. He was one of the selectmen of Topsham in 1764, at the first organi- zation of the town after it was incorporated, and he held that office for eighteen years, at various periods prior to 1800. He was one of the Committee of Correspondence and Safety in 1776, and was one of the principal actors in the affairs of the town during all the period above named. At the June term of the Court of General Sessions of the Peaca, held at Pownalboro' in 1777, he took his place on the bench as one of the justices, and he also officiated as such in 1782 and 1783. In 1772 he was Kceused by the court as a retailer, and also in 1778. He was licensed as an innholder in 1774. At the town meeting Decem- ber 2, 1776, he was chosen as an officer to take recognizance of debts. 772 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL INIr. Merrill was a man of jiulgraent and moral worth. He was an ardent lover of books, and collected a large library at a time when books were both costly and diflicnlt to obtain. It is said that he bought the first Cyclopiiedia owned in the District of Maine. He was an indul- gent father, and it is related that on one occasion, when his daughter Susannah was onl}^ seventeen years of age, he yielded to her solicita- tions and allowed her to make a visit to Boston. She accomplished the journey, riding the whole way on horseback, under the escort of the different mail-carriers on the route. The sight of a beautiful and graceful, as well as daring young damsel, galloping along with her red cloak fluttering behind her, created a sensation in all the settlements and towns through which she passed, and one ardent swain was so smitten by her attractions at that time that he did not rest until he made her acquaintance. He at once proposed, was accepted, and the next spring the}' were married. MERRILL, COLONEL ABEL. Colonel Abel Merrill, son of John Merrill, was emphatically a public man in this communit}', Saj's one who knew him well : — " Endowed with good judgment and a thorough knowledge of human nature, superadded to a good education (self-acquired) and a noble mien, he stood foremost among his townsmen. During the war of 1812, and until its close in 1814, he commanded a regiment and did good service in the division of General King, who regarded him as one of his most efficient and accomplished officers. At the close of the war he resigned, and was called into civil service, representing his town in the House and his county in the Senate, besides holding other offices luitil he declined them altogether. Married 'to an estimable lady, and having a ftimiiy of eleven sons anil three daughters, all grown up, he, with ample honor and fortune, withdrew from public life to enjoy, with the wife of liis youth, a ripe old age in the society of their remaining children, near the church of which the}' had been active members for over fort}' years, •'As a Christian, a member of the Masonic fraternity, a politician, a husband and father, he had few equals, while hospitality has ever been an • heirloom ' at the Merrill homestead. He could say of his children, that some of them had visited ever}' quarter of the earth, and that neither absence nor distance ever severed the ties which bound them together." BIOGRAPHICAL. 773 MERRILL, CAPTAIN LEONARD P. Captain Merrill was graduated at Bowdoin College in 1842. He studied law, and practised awhile in Brunswick, He finally went to sea, shipping " before the mast." He rapidly rose, however, in his new occupation, until he came into the command of a vessel. At the time of his death, which occurred in New Orleans, November 1, 1871, at the age of fort^-nine ^cars, he was master of the ship Aitiity, of Bath. Captain Merrill was a good ship-master. He also possessed fine talents and a culti^■ated taste, and was a good musician. He was a man of thorough integrity of character, and of good judgmen'. and discernment. . MERRILL, CAPTAIN MOSES EMERY. Captain Merrill belonged to the Fifth Regiment, United States Infan- try. He was with General Taylor in Mexico, and participated in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and the capture of Monte- rey. He then joined Scott, and was at the taking of Vera Cruz, at Contreras, Cheruljusco, and at Molino del Rey, where he fell. His remains were brought to Brunswick for interment. " The conscientious, gallant, and noble Merrill was detached with the storming party, and fell early in the action, while waving his sword above his head, and urging on his men to the charge. He fell too soon for his countr}', but covered with glor}' acquired in many battle-fields." MILLER, REVEREND JOHN. Reverend John IMiller, of Milton, Massachusetts, received a call to settle in Brunswick in December, 1761, and was installed over the church of the First Parish in September, 1762. He was settled over this parish for about twentj'-four j'ears. During the early part of his ministry he apparently gave good satisfaction, and the church appears to have flourished. Towards the close of his ministry, however, con- siderable dissatisfaction was felt, charges were made against him, and efforts were several times made to dismiss him. As careful an exami- nation as can now be made into the merits of the case appears to show that the differences between him and a portion of the parish were originallj' owing to a variance of opinion in regard to matters of church polity. This was a subject upon which the residents of the east and west ends of the town did not harmonize ; the latter favoring the Presbyterian, and the former the Congregational form of church 774 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. gOA-ernment. Mr. Miller could not, of course, satisfy both sides, and after a while mutual criminations and recriminations occurred which rendered a settlement by an ecclesiastical council necessary'. Before, however, the matter was settled, Mr. Miller's death occurred. ScA'cral letters of Mr. Miller, and other papers relating to the matter, are pi'eserved in the Pejepscot Collection. Concerning Mr. Miller's abili- ties as a preacher, and the influence which he exerted, but little can now be said. Judging from his own writings, he was a strict believer in all the doctrines taught in the Westminster Catechism, and endeav- ored conscientiousl}' to act up to his i-eligious views. At the same time it is believed that he was charitably" disposed to those who differed with him in what he deemed minor matters of faith. MINOT, HONORABLE JOHN. At what time Judge Minot first came to Brunswick is xinknown. As earl}- as 1715 the proprietors voted that " Mr. Watts' discourse with Mr. John Minot about his sta3'ing there (Brunswick) this winter, if it be needful, to oversee our affairs, to keep our cattle emplo^'cd in hailing Timber, &c., and to forward the building of our Houses." AV^hether he spent that winter here or not is not known ; but he did not, in all probability, take up his permanent residence in the town until after the incorporation, as his name does not appear on the petition for the same, and for some time previously he had been in command of Richmond Fort, and had the control of the truck-house there. He appears, however, to have previously owned a farm on Mair Point. Judge Minot was town clerk of Brunswick in 1744, and that year recorded the names and ages of his children in the town records, the first entry of the kind that was made. He was a justice of the peace, and subsequently Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions. He also represented the town at the General Court for two or three years. He was chairman of the Board of Selectmen for two ^-ears, and was the man authorized b}' the General Court to call the first town meeting in Harpswell. Tradition describes Judge Minot as being distinguished for the mild- ness of his manners, the benevolence of his disposition, and for his anxiet}" to promote the peace and happiness of all around him. He was a iiseful citizen, and was alwaA'S active in his support of religious institutions. In his manner he was kind and courteous, and was highly esteemed and beloved b^- all, even by the Indians. It is related ' of * McKeen, MS. Lecture. BIOGRAPmCAL. 7 75 him that, as he was once passing Mair Brook, on his way home from Fort George, two Indians, concealed behind a tree, were just in the act of shooting him, when one of tliem recognized him, and exclaimed, " Justice Minot ! me no shoot him — he too good man ! " The account goes on to state that not long after, this same Indian came to the judge, and wanted some rum for having saved his life on that occasion. As regards Minot's judicial career but ver^- little is known. He evi- dentl}' kept his court records loosely, as some of them are still extant, entered in account books and diaries. From what has been said of him as a man, it is fair to presume that his decisions were generally equitable, whatever may have been his knowledge of law. NEWMAN, PROFESSOR SAMUEL P. Samuel Phillips Newman was born in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1797, was graduated at Harvard College in 1816, and died at Ando- ver, February 10, 1842. In 1818 he became a tutor at Bowdoin College, and the next year was chosen Professor of Ancient Languages. lu 1824 he was trans- ferred to the professorship of Rhetoric and Oratory. He resigned his office in September, 1839, on account of ill health, and removed to Barre, Massachusetts, where he took charge of the Normal School. For about three jears Professor Newman discharged the duties of the president of the college, during the illness of Appleton, the then incumbent. As a professor, he added greatly* to the rei^utation of the college, especially bj' the publication of his "Practical System of Rhet- oric," which, in this countrj- and England, passed through sixty-seven editions, and of his "Elements of Political Economy." " The chapter on Taste, in his work on Rhetoric, is the result of much reflection, as well as extensive reading, and, though necessarily brief, is one of the. most satisfactor}' treatises on this subject in the language. Mr. Newman devoted, during the last years of his office, much attention to the subject of elocution. He studied the principles developed by Sheridan, Rush, and other writers, with much care, and conducted this ditHcult and heretofore neglected branch with skill and success, " As a critic, he was discriminating, of pure taste, well versed in the laws of English composition, and apt in the application of them. In all his relations to the college he was of a ready apprehension, a perspicacious, able teacher, a wise counsellor, and a valuable friend. " Mr. Newman was never satisfied with supertieial or indefinite views. He was not of that number who gather up scraps of knowledge. 776 EISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARP SWELL. Heuce be was not discursive in reading. He souglit for principles. He investigated patiently and thoronghlj', and was not contented unless he had some important subject on hand for such investigation. He was endowed by nature in an unusual degree with the elements of a fine taste, a quick sensibilit}- to beauty, great simplicit}- of heart and character, and a strong aversion to whatever is show}' or affected. His writings were characterized by simplicit}^ and naturalness. " In tlie relations of private life Professor Newman gained the esteem and affection of all who can appreciate worth. His e^'e, ever read}' to kindle and to melt with tenderness, was a sure index of the warm affections within. How he was regarded as a fellow-citizen and a man, may be known from the general interest ever expressed for his welfare after his removal from his home of many 3'ears, and espe- cially during the progress of his long and distressing disease, by those of every condition who had long known him in the various relations of public and private life. " In 1820, Mr. Newman received a license to preach from the Cum- berland Association, and from time to time, as his official duties per- mitted, he preached with acceptance. As a Christian, he was ever advancing in the divine life. The close of his daj^s afforded a striking exemplification of the power of Christian faith to sustain the soul, and to impart that peace which passeth all understanding."^ O'BRIEN JOHN M., ESQUIRE. Mr. O'Brien was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, September 9, 1786. He graduated at Bowdoin in the first class that ever left that college, 180G, and at his death, in 1865, he was the last member. After graduation he is beheved to have studied law in the office of Chief Justice Parsons, of Newburyport. He practised his profession awhile in Boston, but about 1845, perhaps earlier, he removed to Brunswick. After coming here he paid little attention to law, but devoted himself to literature, science, and the mechanic arts. He possessed a remarkable inventive faculty. He had a refined taste, was well read in general literature, was a finished writer, possessed good conversational powers, and was a remarkably good extempora- neous speaker. In manner he was modest antl I'ather retiring ; in disposition sensi- tive, warm-hearted, and generous ; among his friends companionable ^Portland Advertiser, March 7, 1842. BIOGRAPHICAL. 777 and faithful. His -nife Hannah was born about 1756, and died Octo- ber 24, 1826 Mr. O'Brien died in Brunswick, December 10, 1865. 'ORE, BENJAMIN, ESQUIUE. Honorable Benjamin Orr, the son of John Orr. of Bedford, New Hampshire, was born in Bedford, December 1, 1772. He was for many years a resident of Topsham, and lived in the Ruth Thomp- son house. He was one of the most brilliant and successful advo- cates in the State. The following sketch is al)ridged from one prepared by Honorable William "Willis for another work.i When Benjamin Orr ai'rived at years of discretion he expressed a desire for a liberal education ; but his father, having eight sons to provide for, was not able to comply with his wishes, and apprenticed him to a house wright. He labored in this capacity for two or three years, when he i)ur- chased a release from his indentures, and worked on his own account, keeping steadily in view the prominent idea of his life, — to qualif}' him- self for a learned profession. With this intent his head and hands were constant]}' busy, working at his trade, pursuing a course of stud}', and keeping school. B}' keeping steadil}' in view his great plan of life, his mind was constant!}' educating itself amidst his daih" mechanical toil, by close attention and constant discipline, superior far to the mere formula and routine stud}' of schools. When in Port- land and other towns in which courts were sitting, he embraced the opportunity to spend what time he could spare in listening to their proceedings, hearing the arguments of counsel and the rulings of the court, and thus increasing his stores for improving the operations of his own mind. In his studies he received much aid from Paul Langdon, a graduate of Harvard, and some time preceptor of Fryeburg Academy, who gave direction to his preparatory studies. With such assistance, and his own unbending perseverance, he was enabled, in 17*J6, to enter the Junior class of Dartmouth college. While in college he studied law under the direction of William Woodward, Esquire, of Grafton. On taking his degree in 1798, he entered the office of Samuel Dinsmore, late governor of New Hamp- shire, and continued there something over a year, when, thinking ^ The Courts and Lawyers of Maine. < (ft HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. Maine would be the best field for his future labors, he proceeded to Hallowell, and placed himself under the tuition of the late Judge Wilde. In the autumn of 1801 he was admitted to the bar in Lincoln County, and immediately opened an offi3e in Top^him, where Mr. Hasey was then the solitar3' practitioner. In 1803 he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court, and from the position he at once took at the bar, his practice became very extensive in his own and the adjoining county of Cumberland. On one occasion he encountered the able and distinguished Jeremiah Mason, of New Hampshire, in a bill of equity- before the Circuit Court of the United States. The case was of great importance, as may be supposed by the engagement of such an advocate as Mason. His success was complete and trium- phant, and he was highly complimented hy Mr. Mason for the manner and ability with which he conducted the cause. In Chancery practice Mr. Orr became quite eminent, and is said to have been without a rival in the State. He pursued his lai-ge and successful practice without interruption by extraneous employments, except for two 3'ears from 1817, when he represented the Lincoln district in Congress. During the first session he did not much engage in debate. On the thirteenth of March he made an able speech in opposition to a resolution which declared that it was the dut3' and in the power of Congress to authorize the making of post, military, and other roads and canals within the several States. The resolution was, however, adopted, b}' a vote of ninet}' to seventy-five. At the next session Mr. Orr made a speech on the Massachusetts Claim, and he also spoke twice on a bill relating to the coasting trade. His remarks were characterized b}' sound sense, conciseness, and entire pertinenc}' to the subjects under discussion. Mr. Orr was a useful member, by his clear perceptions, his promptness and fidelity- to the duties of his station, and the ability with which he treated every subject to which he gave his attention. This was the last public office which Mr. Orr held. The practice of law suited him far better, and M^as better adapted to his powers, his education, and his inclinations. He sought it in its highest forms : it gave full scope to his clear and comprehensive mind and his severe dialectic talent, and he pursued it with elevated aspirations and lofty endeavors which would have no fellowship with meanness in any shape. As an advocate IMr. Orr was concise, logical, and forcible. He seized upon the salient points of a case, and pressed them with a power that was invincible. He did not waste his strength in efforts to sustain the weak points of his cause, but poured a concentrated light upon its BIOGRAPHICAL. 779 strong features. The manner in which he viewed this style of man- aging a cause ma}- be inferred from his repl}' to an anxious cHent, who, sitting b}' him as he was closing a splendid argument, in which, with conciseness and force peculiar to himself, he had presented his case to the jurj-, suggested to him some point w'hich he had not touched upon. " I have argued your cause, sir, and cannot stop to pick up the chips." As a lawj-er his mind was clear, discriminating, and exact. As he grew in experience and reputation, his business rapidlj' increased, and his services were called for in all parts of the State. Immediately after his death, Chief Justice Mellen, in a charge to the grand jiuy, September, 1828, spoke of him as one " who had long stood, confessedly, at the head of the profession of our State ; who had distinguished himself by the depth and solidit}' of his understanding, by his legal acumen and research, bj- the power of his intellect, the commanding energy of his reasoning, the uncompromising firmness of his principles, and the dignit}' and lofty sense of honor, truth, and jus- tice which he uniformlj' displayed in his professional career and in the walks of private life." Mr. Orr was appointed one of the overseers of Bowdoin College, and afterwards, in 1814, was chosen a Trustee, which office he held at the time of his death ; and during this time, for one or two years, he held the office of treasurer. Ills wife formerly' resided in Newburj-port, Massachusetts. She was a descendant from John Robinson, the Leyden pilgrim, and venerated pastor of the Pl3"mouth Church before its migration. Bj^ her he had eleven children. The death of this excellent lady, to whom he was most teuderl}' attached, struck a severe blow upon Mr. Orr, from which he never recovered. His letters to her, when he was absent in Con- gress or upon the circuit, were filled with ex|Dressions of anxious solicitude for her health, of deep interest in her comfort, pleasure, and welfare ; and when she was taken from him, he ceased to find conso- lation or support. He died in 1828. His sous, John and Hemy, were educated at Bowdoin College. John graduated in 1834, and entered the ministry-. Heniy graduated in 1846, and entered upon the practice of law in Brunswick, where he is still settled. OWEN, PHILIP. Philip Owen was born in Brunswick, in Februar}', 1756, and died May 28, 1849.' He was a soldier in the Revolutionar\' war, and a 780 HISTORY OF BHUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. member of the General Court in 1812 ami 1813. The following extract from a letter written b}' him, under date of June 14, 1843, to J. T. Buckingham, president of the Bunker Hill Monument Associa- tion, in response to an invitation to attend the celebration of the anni- versary of the battle of Bunker Hill, will best show his services. He was then in his eightj'-eighth 3'ear. and declined the invitation on account of his infirmities. " In IMay. 1 777, being then twent3'-one years of age, I went wiih the army to P'ort Ticonderoga, and was there when General Burgoyne came up the lake. Our arm}', three thousand in number, retreated from this post to Hubbardston, a distance of twenty-four miles, when General Frnzer came up in pursuit. I was in the engagement for a quarter of an hour at close quarters ; and when our army was obliged then to retreat, with a loss of two hundred and fifty men. Colonel Francis, of Beverl}', was shot, close behind me. after a gallant defence. I was also present at the battle of Stillwater, when General Frazer attacked Colonel Morgan. Tlie latter was reinforced by our soldiers, and the fight then became general, from two o'clock till dark. The surrender of Burgoyne took place three days after this, on the 17th of October. I also guarded the army's stores at Monmouth, New Jersey, in 1 778 ; and when the British Colonel Monkton was killed, his body was left in my care. " I was also a witness of the memorable execution of Major Andre on the 2d of October, 1780. Our army, under General Patterson, was then stationed at West Point. Having obtained leave of absence, I fell in with the guard who were appointed to attend Major Andre on that occasion, and thus had an excellent opportunity for witnessing the scene. The events of the day are still as fresh in my memory as those of yesterday. I saw him remove his stock, and prepare himself for his final scene, with as much composure as though attending to his usual emplo3'ments." pagp:, doctor Jonathan. Doctor Page was born in Conway, New Hampshire, in October, 1777. He came to Brunswick in the year 1795, and commenced the practice of medicine in 1800. His practice soon became extensive, and con- tinued increasingly so until the sickness which terminated in his death. Among the distinguished men in his profession, he held a highly respectable rank. He was well skilled in the principles and practice of his art, and was considered an eminently judicious and successful practitioner. BIOGRAPHICAL. 781 Doctor Page was favoralily and conspicuously known in public life, lie was for several j-ears a member of the Senate of Massachusetts, before the separation of Maine from that State. When provision was made for the separation of IMaine, and when, in connection with the assumption of rights of self-government, she was required to form a Constitution for herself, he was chosen a member of the convention to whom that important duty was assigned. To such an assembly, whose business it was to establish the fundamental law which should define and secure the rights of succeeding generations, it was no small honor to belong. He was subsequent!}' a member of the Senate of Maine. Intelligent and active, and ever taking a deep interest in what- ever came under his examination, he could not be for any length of time a member of any public body without leaving the impress of his character. He was one of the original members of the Maine Medical Society, and for man}' years a member of the Facult}' of the Maine Medical School connected with Bowdoin College. He was also for more than twenty 3ears a member of the Board of Over- seers of the college. In his private as well as his public and professional relations, he was highl}' esteemed and beloved, frank, sociable, and open-hearted in his intercourse with his family and friends, reatly to say and to do wiiat he thought was right. He died at Brunswick on Friday, November 18, 1842, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. PATTEN, JOHN. John Patten came to America, in company with his father, in 1727 ; landed in Boston, and thence came to Saco, Maine, where his father settled. He removed to Topsham about 1750, and settled on a tract of land, about two hundred acres, which was then a wilderness, but is now a fine farm, pleasantly situated in sight of Merrj-meeting Bay. He had the character of an honest and industrious man, who was upright in all the walks and relations of life. He was a farmer, and had also the trade of blacksmith, and had a shop on the farm, where he employed a portion of his time, and performed the blacksmith work of the vicin- ity. He was also engaged in the lumber business to a certain extent, and was a proprietor in the Cathance Mill right, and of one sixteenth of the saw-mill and stream. He was somewhat engaged, also, in ship-building and navigation, and he, with John Fulton, Adam Hunter, and WiUiam Patten, built the first vessel ever launched 782 nisToiiY OF beunswick, top sham, and ha UPS well. al)ove the "Chops," and the second built upon the Kennebec, above Bath.i By industiy and attention to business, he accumulated considerable propert}-, and Avas one of the most inMuential and useful members of society in his day, especialh' in town and parish matters. He was a man of good appearance, tall and well proportioned, of command- ing presence, active and quick in his movements, kind and affec- tionate to his famil}-, and to all within the circle of his acquaint- ance. He was religious from his youth, having always enjoyed the example and instruction of a pious father, and at the time of his death was a deacon of the Congregational Church in Topsham. He was astrict observer of the Sabbath, and a constant attendant upon the services of the day, though residing some miles from the place of public worship. He died April 7, 1795, aged seventy-seven years. PATTEN, CAPTAIN ROBERT. Robert Patten was the eldest son of the subject of the preceding sketch, and came to Topsham with his fivther while a bo}'. When about twenty- five years of age he married and settled on a lot of land about a mile from his father's. His farm and residence at that time was in Topsham, but by a change of the boundary line his farm after- wards came within the limits of Bowdoinham. Mr. Patten was an industrious, hard-working man, possessed of a great amount of perseverance in the accomplishment of whatever he undertook. His chief employment for some time was fanning. Besides the management of his farm he built, during his lifetime, a number of vessels, and was always more or less engaged in navigation. In his business concerns, while he met with much success, he also met with many losses. He was interested in six vessels, which were lost in the course of his business hfe. Of one of these he was sole owner ; of the others, part owner onl}-. Twice he suffered the loss of his dwelling- house by fire. Yet notwithstanding these serious checks to his pros- perit}', he succeeded in maintaining himself through life in good cir- cumstances as to propert}-, and died possessed of a considerable estate. The advantages for an education were of course verj- limited at that period. A few weeks' schooling was all that was enjoyed b}- the sub- ject of this sketch, when A'oung ; yet by his own application, with what aid he received from members of the ftimily. he nf(|uii('d a decent ' See Chapter X, p. 331. BIOURAPIIICAL. 783 education for that daj'. When abont the age of thirty he was chosen captain of a miUtia compan}' by bis fellow-citizens. This conntry being then under England, his commission was from the king's '' Council of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay," and was dated July 1, 1770, just three days before the declaration of our national independence. He was a person of remarkable health. He was never confined a da}' by sickness for nearly or quite ninety years, never took an}' medicine during that long period, and retained all his teeth, fair and sound, until within a short time of his death, in his ninety- eighth year. PACKARD, REVEREND CHARLES. Reverend Charles Packard, a son of Reverend Doctor Hezekiah Packard, a graduate and tutor of Harvard College, was born in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, April 12, 1801. The following year his father became pastor of the Congregational Church at Wiscasset, Maine, and there the boy spent his earlj' days and fitted for Bowdoin College. He entered, at the age of twelve, the class which was gradu- ated in 1 Probate Records, Lynn. A copy at Salem. 2 This letter, found among the Trelavmey papers, is noic in the 2JOSsession of J. Win- gate Thornton, Esquire. 3 Third Series, Mass. Hist. Coll., 8, p. 320. — Letter of Thomas Wiggin, of Dover, to Emanuel Downing, brother-in-laic of Winthrop, in Dover. BIOGRAPHICAL. 789 of this marriage cannot be ascertained with certaintj' ; hut it was prob- abl}' ver}' shortly after the death of his first wife, as in 1678 his son. in his petition with his mother to the Probate Court, calls himself '' a .young man," If his parents were married one 3'ear after the death of the first wife, he could only have been, at the time this petition was presented, twent^'-one years of age. By this second marriage there were five children. > Of these chil- dren onl^'the names of three have been preserved, viz., Thomas, Jane, and Elizabeth. Traditionary accounts place the date of Purchase's immigration all the waj- between 1G24 and 1635. The Waiiimbo deed makes it about 1624 or 1625. Mr. Frederick Kidder, in a letter to the late Rev- erend Edward Ballard, places the date at 1626, and refers to the " Xan-ath'e of the Plantation of Massachusetts Colony-, 1694, pub- lished b}' an Old Planter," pages 17 and 18. In Savage's " Genealogical Dictionary" the date is given as 1628, and this date is also given in the deed of John Blane}' and Elizabeth. The deed of Eleazer Way, however, gives the date as 1635. Folsom makes it about 1630. In the deposition of John Cozzen, it is stated that he came to Pejepscot in 1628, and that he came from Saco, where Folsom mentions his pres- ence, in 1630. He probably migrated to this country, ver^- likely coming first to Saco, about the 3-ear 1626. There is little doubt but that he came to Pejepscot in 1628. There is conclusive evidence that he was at Pejep- scot prior to the date of the grant of land that was made to him and Way. Probabh^ the four or five 3'ears of his early stay in that region caused him to become well acquainted with the value of the tract which he afterwards acquired. In the proceedings of the Plymouth Council in England, the follow- ing minute is entered : — "16 June, 1632. 8 Cat. I. The said Councill graunt certaine, called the River Bishopscott, unto George Wa}- and Thomas Purchase." The action of this Council in relation to the assignment of the terri- tory in question was also dated June 16, 1632, and is as follows : — " A Gi-aunt part to George Way and Thomas Purchase of certaine Lands in New England, called the River Bishopscotte, and all that Bounds and Liinitts of the Maine Land, adjoining to the said River to extend two myles : from the said River Northwards four myles, and 1 In 1741 the Pejepscot proprietors reserved seven hundred acres of land for the hevs of Thomas Purchase, i. e., "Elizabeth and her five children bij Mr. Purchase, and her son, Samuel Pike." 790 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. from the house ^ there to the Ocean sea with all other Profitts and Com- modities whatsoever, pa3'ing to the King one fifth part of gold and sil=- ver oare, and another fifth part to the President and Conncill, also paying twelve pense to the said President and Councill for every hnn- dred Acres of Ground in use, to the rent-gatherer for the time being, as b}' the same Graunt may appeare." - The location of Thomas Purchase's residence at Pejepscot is still a matter of doubt, notwithstanding that there are in the Pejepscot Papers over one hundred depositions in regard to it. The probabilities are greatly in favor of the supposition that he changed his abode several times. Both the late John McKeen, Esquire, and Reverend Doctor Ballard were of the opinion that his earliest residence was at ' ' Fish-IIouse Hill" in the present village of Brunswick. Joshua Fillbrook, who moved to Bath in 1738, has, however, left on record a statement to the effect that Purchase lived near the head of Stevens, or New Mead- ows River.-' Williamson ^ and Sewall ^ make similar statements. No attempt has been made to decide the question by making a count of the various depositions preserved in the Pejepscot Papers, for the reason that a mere numerical preponderance of testimon}' would have no weight unless those who composed the majorit}' of deponents could be shown to have more trustworthy sources of information than the others. Moreover, these depositions were probably not given to determine the exact abode of Purchase, but to put bej'ond cavil the fact that he had actually occupied the territory. Tiie}^ do, however, settle be3"ond a reasonable doubt the fact that he did, at different periods of his sta}' at Pejepscot, reside in two separate places. It is not, perhaps, possible, at the present day, to determine with certainty whether his earliest residence was at Fish-House Hill or at New ]\Ieadows. We incline, however, to the opinion that ]\IcKeen and Ballard were right in supposing it to be at the former locality, for the reason that ver^- early after his coining to the place, he engaged in the salmon fisher}', which was of course carried on at the falls, and he undoubtedly had his residence near. The evidence that he at some time resided at the Ten-Mile or Lisbon Falls is entirely traditional, but is not altogether improbable. Considerable confusion and uncertain tj' have existed in regard to the 1 The italics are ours. ^Sainsburi/, Colonial Papers, 1, No. 52, p. 7. ^ James Curtis' s Journal in Historical Library. * Hist, of Maine, 1, p. 33, iiote, and p. 69J. ^ Pophain -Memorial Vohime, p- ui2. BIOGRAPHICAL. 791 date of Purchase's death, and some have even supposed that there were more than two of that name at Pejepscot. AV. Neale and several others depose that he died about 1654. Sav- age, referring to other authorities, gives the date as 1678. The will on record in Probate Court gives it at 1677. A Thomas Purchase is mentioned in Savage's " Genealogical Dictionar}'" as having sailed on a voyage in 1681, and never after being heard from. R. Collicutt de- posed that he went to England about 1677. The recoi'd of the will is evidently more authoritative than all else. It is onl}^ necessary to show that it is the will of Thomas Purchase of Pejepscot, and not that of his son or of some other Thomas. The fol- lowing is a s3'nopsis of the statements in the will, which is preserved at Lynn, and a copy of which is in the Probate Office at Salem. Thomas Purchase, Senior, died in Lj'nn, May 11, 1676-7, aged one hundred and one years. Left a wife, Elizabeth, and five children. His son Thomas was appointed executor of his will. The overseers of the will were Mr. Henry Josselin, Cozen, Mr. Oliver Purchase, of the firm of Hamersmith & Co., and Mr. Edward Allen, of Boston. The widow, who was admin- istratrix, made oath to the foregoing in 1678. In November of that 3'ears he married John Blane}". The date of her death is not known. In an account of Samuel Pike against the estate he charged for board of Mr. Purchase for seven months, of two children for a year and a half, of one child for one year, and of one child for fifteen months. This will was without doubt that of Thomas Purchase, of Pejepscot. There is, however, in the same probate office, to be found the follow- ing document : — AX IXVEXTORY OF THK GOODS AND ESTATE OF THOMAS PURCHASE, DECEASED, TAKEN THE TWENTY-SEVENTH OF JUNE, 1685, AS FOLLOWS. Imp. to one fetlier bed and all the furniture belonging to it To 3 pillow Cases, 12 napkins, 3 table Cloths, 6 towels, . To 1 wasswl (wash bowl?) 10/ one cb cloth 5/ 1 pr. shelves 3/ is In plate apprised at To 1 pr. andirons, flreshovel and tongs .... To 1 Iron pot, brass Skillet & Iron hake at . To 3 pewter platters, 3 basins, 3 porenges & 2 Sases To earthen ware at To 1 pine table, 1 jug nd stove & G charge at . To 2 chests, 1 trunk, and 2 boxes at .... To 1 gun, 1 sword and belt at To one warming pan, small one, at To 1 mare and mare colt, 3 sheep and a lamb at To money and goods of Mr. Wharton .... 44 £7 18s. Qd. 1 %s. Od. 18.S. Of?. C 10 0. 13 0. U 6. 13 6. 3 0. 15 0. 1 0. 2 0. 7 0. 3 0. 18 8 0. 792 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. To 1000 acres of vacant land at eastward. [The value of which is not assigned.] Debts due out of the Estate is £2 13s. M. Debts due to the estate 2 50 Od. Elizabeth Purchase, Administratrix, presented this | Inventory of y« Estate of her husband, Thomas Purchase, deceased, Henry Skkxey, Jun'. with her oath | to itt & if anymore come John Blaxey. to her knowledge | to give accouutt of y^ same at Salem Court holden I June 30th 1685. Attest JoHX Appleton, Hm'^ of Court | On the outside of the schedule was written, in parenthesis, " Purchis Thomas to Elizabeth Williams, Thomas b. Jan. 29, 1G79." This inventory was, in all probabilit}', that of the estate of Thomas Purchase, Jr., who, it is to be presumed, went to England to obtain a copy of the patent, and was lost at sea. The inventory, it will be noticed, states the amount of land at Pejepscot at 1000 acres, which would be a reasonable amount of land for the son to own, but would be only a small part of the tract belonging to the father. The depositions of Neale and CoUicutt — the first that he died about 1654, and the second that he went to England in 1677 — are easil}' dis- posed of. Neale's testimon}' was only hearsay', and the mistake ma}' have occurred in consequence of the death of Mary, the first wife, which took place in 1656. Collicutt's testimony was to the effect that Thomas Purchase, Senior, told him, in 1677, that he was going to Eug- land to obtaiu a copy of his patent, and that he took him '' from the eastward to Boston," for that purpose. He says, moreover, that Pur- chase "took passage quickly after." There is nothing in this state- ment inconsistent with the supposition that Thomas Purchase, the first, of Pejepscot, died in 1766, and that his son was the one to whom Col- licutt referred, and who may have been lost at sea on his way back from England, in 1681, or who may have then been on his way thither. The ground taken in this sketch is further corroborated by a deed from Thomas Purchase, the grandson, to Samuel AValdo, in which he states that he is the only son of the Thomas Purchase who was the eld- est son of Thomas Purchase who occupied Pejepscot from the third year of King Charles the First until 1675. This deed i is dated 1734, and must have been of part of the land set off by the Pejepscot proprietors. Purchase, during his residence at Pejepscot, was probablj- engaged ' York Co. Records, Vol. 16, p. 1G2. BIOGRAPHICA L. 793 in different pursuits at different times. He is mentioned as a hunter, and trader witli the Indians, as being engaged in the sahuon fishery, and as a planter. The causes that led to his emigration can never be known ; but there is everj' reason for supposing that he came to Pejep- scot in pursuit of furs and peltr}', which he acquired partly by his own exertions in the chase and partly by traffic Avith the natives. He was also engaged for the whole period of his residence in obtaining salmon and sturgeon, and packing them for exportation to London, ^ and probabl}' collected a number of settlers near him. He also cultivated the soil, and at the time of the attack upon liis house by the Indians, in 167G, he was possessed of stock, and proba- bly had what in those days would be considered a respectable farm. His first house was destroyed by fire, and " by this disaster he lost in the flames the onlj' cop}' of the patent by which he held his prop- ert}'. The original had been left with Mr. Francis Ashley, in Eng- land." 2 It was ver}' likel}' soon after this fire that he changed his place of abode. At all events, he soon after erected " a small cottage for a present shelter," and it was while here that he was visited by Mr. Edward Rishworth.^ This structure was afterwards superseded by " a fair stone house," in which he is supposed to have lived during the remainder of his residence at Pejepscot. Thomas Purchase must have been a man well known in the colony. He not only held at different times offices of trust and responsibility, but also made, it would seem, a frequent appearance in court. The first account of him after his immigration to this countrj' is of his appearance at Saco in 1630. On June 25 of that year he was present with Isaac Allerton, Cap- tain Thomas Wiggen, and others, and saw Richard Vines take legal possession of the land granted him and John Oldham, on tjie south- west side of Saco River."* In 1631 he was at Pejepscot, where he was visited in July b}' Sir Christopher Gardiner, who remained with him about a year.^ In 1636 he was present as one of the commissioners, on March 25, at the house of Captain R. Boynthon, in Saco. His associates were Captain Bo^aithon, Captain W. Gorges, Captain Cammock, Messrs. PI. Jocelyn, E. Godfrey and T. Lewis. ^ 1 Doucjlass, Histonj. 2 Maine Hist. Coll. , 3, p. 330. ^Pejepscot Papers. ^ Folsom, History of Saco, etc., p. 30. ^Wivthrop, 1, p. (18. 3fassaclmsttts Historic al Colkctiov, Third iSeries, 8, p. 320. ^Folsom, Opus cit.,p. 49. 794 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. This was the first organized court within the limits of the present State of Maine. 1 On August 22, 1639, he made legal conveyance to John Winthrop, governor of Massachusetts, of all his land, and put himself under the power and jurisdiction of that colon}'. He reserved, however, such a claim to the ownership of the land as practically annulled that part of the contract.- In 1640, l*urchase again appears in court at Saco, but this time not on the bench but before the bar, and also as a jur3-man. There were five indictments against him at this court. On Jul}' 14 of this 3'ear he was summoned to appear at court on the eighth of September follow- ing, and an order was at the same time issued to Robert Sanke}' of Saco, the provost marshal, to bring him before the court on Septem- ber 8, to answer to divers complaints not specified, and particularly that credible information had been given that he had conve3'ed the greater part of his goods and chattels out of the province, in conse- quence of his indebtedness to divers persons ; or to take sufficient security for his appearance at the session of the council established for the province. On his refusal his property was to be attached and brought to Saco. The first complaint was brought b}' Giles Elbridge, of Pemaquid, in an action of debt. Purchase made his appearance, but for some reason the case was not tried. The second complaint against him was by Richard Vines in a simi- lar action. This case also was not tried. The third complaint was l)y Richard Tucker, of Casco, and was to the effect that nine years previously Sir Christopher Gardiner had borrowed a warming-pan of him in Purchase's name, which was worth twelve shillings and sixpence, and had kept it. Also that six months afterwards he had bought a fowling-piece for fort}' shillings, and would not pa}^ for the same, though often requested. The damages were placed at five pounds. Purchase denied that Gardiner did these things in his name, and declared that if he did he was not authorized to do so. Purchase further declared that the above facts were unknown to him, and that he had no recollection of any demand being made as alleged. " But Mr. George Cleaves had asked him causelessly for these articles ; but he being a partner with the defendant, had acquitted him from all causes of action whatever." The issue was joined, the trial took place, and the jur}' decided that Purchase should pa}' two pounds twelve shillings and sixpence for 1 Williamson, 1, p. 2fi5. "^ Folsom, 2^. 45. Williamson, l,p. 2!!0. BIOGRAPHIC A L. 795 the articles claimed, antl twelve shillings and sixpenee as costs of couit. Judgment was given and execution ordered by the whole court. Whatever became of the warming-pan is not known, but it will be noticed that there was one mentioned among the articles embraced in the inventor^' of 1685. The fourth complaint was a declaration of Arthur Browne, mer- eliant, accusing Purchase of falsely charging him with perjury and briber}'. Purchase denied the whole thing, but the jury brought in a verdict against him and fined him five pounds sterling, and twelve shil- lings for costs. The fifth complaint is not given, but it is stated that he was required, on the third da}' of August preceding, to enter into a recognizance with Reverend Robert Jordan, and that he appeared at conrt to answer to Captain Thomas Young, Messrs. Abraham Shurte, George Davis, Richard Tucker, and others. At this same court Purchase also served as a juryman in the case of Mar}- Purington of Agamenticus. In 1G45 he signed a letter addressed to Governor Winthrop, the deput}' governor, and court of assistants of Massachusetts Ba}', and was also the one chosen to present the same. This letter was in regard to trouble between the inhabitants of Rngbj^'s Province of L3'gonia, and Jocelyn and others, and was dated " Casco Bay, this 18th ftebr ; 1G45." William R3'all, Richard Tucker, and George Cleeve were the other signers. 1 In 1653 he was sued b}' the colony government, " as appears by a record of the General Court of that .year, and styled Of Pejepscot." What this suit was for we have not ascertained. At one time, date nnknown, his children were required b}' the council to be brought for- ward for baptism, and on neglect of the same he was to be summoned before the General Court. In 1654 he was chosen assistant to Prince, the commissioner at the first court ever held upon the Kennebec. There is no evidence, how- ever, that he ever held an assistant's court. In 1657 he was called to answer before the count}' court of York- shire, to an action brought against him by the Widow Elizabeth Wa}' for the purpose of determining whether Pejepscot was under the juris- diction of that court. After the restoration of Charles II to the throne of England in 1660, probabl}' in the year 1662, Purchase was commissioned as a magistrate under Gorges, or, at least, Mr. J. Archdale, agent of Gorges, oftcred him such a commission. ^ 1 Maine Historical Collection 1, pp 540, 550. 2 Williamson, 1, p. 403. 796 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. In September, 1675, his house was attacked by the Indians, an ac- count of which was given in Part I. The foregoing enumeration of the various events in the life of Pur- chase embrace a nearlj' continuous connection from the time of his migration to his death. It embraces a period of forty-seven years. During this long time the onl}' intervals of anj- length, in which we have no accounts of him, are between 1645 and 1654, and 1660 and 1675. It is possible that these gaps ma}- even 3-et be shortened. Whether Purchase was a man of much propert}" can only be sur- mised. It would seem that his opportunities of acquiring wealth were unusually good. He possessed a good field for traffic with the Indians, and had the monopoly of the best salmon and sturgeon fishery in New England. Notwithstanding this, the frequent suits brought against him show not onl}' " the litigious temper of the times," but also that he was deepl}' in debt, and that his creditors were uneas}'. Of his real character nothing is known more than may be gathered from what has already been stated. That he was a man of consider- able enterprise is^ evident. That he failed to wholly conciliate the Indians is evident not only from the fact that his house was selected as the first one to be visited by them, but also that he was deemed unfair in his dealings with them, one of them remarking that he had paid a hundred pounds for water " from Purchase his well." This water was, however, presumabl}' flavored with some alcoholic ingre- dient. Notwithstanding these facts, the Indians could not have been entirely at enmity with him. or they would not have let him off with the mere robber}- of his house when they had some of its inmates in their power. Thomas Purchase must have been a man of considerable ability, or he would not have held the offices he did. Williamson says of him that '• he was one of those flexible patriots who could accommodate his politics to the changes of the times. "^ This, it appears to us, is rather a- harsh judgment. To which administration did he owe alle- giance? The question may be easy to answer now, but was it so easy for him to answer it? It must be remembered that it was not until the present centurj' that the claim of the Plymouth Colon}- on the Kennebec to his tract of land was finally settled adversely'. That he did hold office under di9"erent and opposing governments is not to be denied ; A'et Robert Jordan, Henry Joscel3'n, and Edwaixl 1 Vol. 1, p. 690. d^^i (U^ f^ » t) t-AJuc^vXxrC^^ BIOGRAPHICAL. 797 Rishwortli did so likewise, though the author referred to does not speak of them in anj' such doubtful terms. ^ Considering the unquiet times in which lie lived and the little that is known against him, it is fair to presume that he was a man whose character was full}'^ equal to that of the great majority of his associates and neighbors. PURINTON, HUMPHREY. " Humphrey Purinton," sa^'s the writer of an obituary notice, " was one of our most useful and substantial citizens. As a man of business his conduct was alwa^'s marked b}^ the most scrupulous uprightness and integrity. With himself a verbal promise was as binding as a written obligation, and to others his word was as good as his bond. Occupied chiefly with his own affairs, and seeking his greatest happi- ness where he was accustomed to find it, — at home, — he mingled but little in general society, and concerned himself but little with political and other exciting topics of the day. " Yet he was b}' no means indifferent to the welfare of others. His loss will be very sensibly felt in the community, and severely felt in the immediate circle of his family connections, friends, and acquaint- ance. Correct in all his habits, unassuming in his deportment, benev- olent and kind in his feelings, sincere and conscientious in the discharge of his duties, a constant attendant upon public worship, and a liberal supporter of religious institutions, his meraor}' is one which the}" will all delight to cherish ; and his example in all these respects is one which may well be presented for general imitation." He died in Tops- ham, December 31, 1841, aged sixty-seven years. PURIXTON, FRANCIS T. The subject of this sketch was a native of Topsham, and a son of Humphrey Purinton. Though interested in various business pursuits, he had a particular fondness for agriculture, and did all he could to promote it. He was chosen president of the Sagadahoc Agricultural and Horticultural Society in 1855, and the following notice of him appeared in the report of that society next succeeding the date of his death, which occurred May 21, 1857 : ■ — " At the time he was chosen president of the society he was nearly forty-two years old, in the vigor and prime of his life. He had been, well educated for the time, had in his 3'oiith attended the academy at Farmington, and afterwards the seminar}- at Gorham. He early com- 1 Williamson, l,pp. 680, 682, C91. 798 HISTORY OF DRUXSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AKD HARPaWKLL. menced an active business life, however, and acquired the hirger part of his education in the discharge of its duties. He was first a trader ; then with his l>rother, Woodbury- B. Pui'inton, Esquire, succeeded his father in the hunber, ship-building, and general commercial business. He built the Topsham flour-mill, at the time one of the best in New England. In 1843 he purchased of Governor King the fine residence and estate of the late Doctor Porter, which became his home the remainder of his days. In 1853 he was president of the Lewiston and Topsham Railroad Company-, which led to the building of the Andros- coggin Road. '' After he was chosen president of the Sagadahoc Agricultural and Horticultural Society', he took a deep and lasting interest in agricnl- ture, — in the cultivation and improvement of his own farm, as well as of all othei's within the limits of the society. He was a friend to the farmer everywhere, and to improved farming. At the time of his death he was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Maine State Agricultural Society. His name, influence, and assistance were sought in various directions, and seldom or never did he withhold th jm from a good cause when he thought he could perform any real service. He was called away from this world in the prime of life, when he was only fort3'-four jears of age. He left a beloved wife and a large family of children. He was beloved and esteemed by all who knew him, for his indomitable energy, his inflexible integrity', and his large-hearted beneA'olence. He was one of the most public-spirited men of his town. He was a man of religious character, full of good works, free from bigotry, from env^', and self-love. He was a good citi/:en, and in the true sense an honest man. Frank and social in liis intercourse with others, he was fond of society, strong in his attachments to his friends, a good neighbor, an affectionate husband and kind father, a true and sincere man." PURINTON, NATHANIEL. Nathaniel Purinton was a son of Humphrey Purinton, of Georgetown, now Bath, and married Priscilla Woodbury, of Portland, about 1756, and about the same time moved to Harpswell Island. His occupation was farming and milling. He was a part owner in the saw-mills at Tops- ham. He is said to have built the first grist-mill and saw-mill in Harps- well, in the cove of his lot, which was the farm now owned b}- Stephen Purinton. He was a prominent man in town affairs, and was a select- man from 17G6 to 1769 inclusive, in 1778, in 1780, and from 1783 to 1787, inclusive. He died suddenly at Topsham, Fel)ruary U, 1788. niOGRAPIIICAL. 799 PURINTON, STEPHEN. Stephen Purinton, a son of Nathaniel Purinton, was born in Ilarps- well, Mji3' 7, 1764. He succeeded to his father's business of farming and mining, and also erected a tanner}-. He was also engaged in the West India business. It is said that when twent3'-one years of age, he went with tlie first team that ever entered the town of Bethel, hauling logs to the river to see if the}' would reach Brunswick. February 26, 1 789, he married Mar}-, daughter of John Merrill, Esquire, of Topsham. In 1816 he professed religion, and assisted in forming the first Free- will Baptist Church in Ilai'pswell. He was chosen deacon and church clerk, and held both offices until 1840. He was a representative in 1810, 1813, 1814, 1816, 1820, 1824. He was a man very generally esteemed in the community in which he lived. His wife died May 25, 1836. He died November 10, 1843. EEED, JOHN. John Keed was born in Ireland in 1747, and was married to Rachel, daughter of William Thorne, in March, 1769. He came to this coun- try with his father, and settled in Topsham. He went into the Revo- lutionary war as an ensign, in a company commanded by Captain Blaisdell, of Portland. He went to Ticonderoga, where Hammond, Ihe lieutenant, died, and was succeeded by him. He afterwards received a captain's commission, and served with reputation till obliged to retire in consequence of a wound received in an action a little preceding the capture of General Burgo3-ne's arm 3' (in 1777). He so far recovered his health and activit}' that he was elected to and sustained the oflflce of lieutenant-colonel till his death. He was lieutenant-colonel of the First Regiment, First Brigade, Fourth Divi- sion of the Massachusetts militia which mustered in Bath in 1788. He died October 20, 1797, and was buried with military honors. The Bath artillery with their guns, two companies of infantr3-, and a troop of horse attended the funeral. ROBBINS, AUGUSTUS C, ESQUIRE. Mr. Robbins was born in Union, Maine, in 1815, and was a promi- nent business man of Brunswick. He was appointed cashier of the Brunswick Bank on November 1, 1841, and served in that capacitv in the different banks in the town for eighteen years, with an interval of onl3- thirt3'-four daA's between his resignation in the Union and his taking charge of the Maine Bank. Durins all this time he never lost 800 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. a day b}' sickness, and was absent oul}' eighty days in the whole time. Mr. Robbins was a prompt, faithful, s3-stematic, and energetic bank oflicer, and was well liked In' the community. He was a man of fine education (a graduate of Bowdoin in 1835), and possessed a remarkabl}^ clear and logical mind. He was for several years one of the Board of Overseers of the college, and was alwa3's interested in its welfare. Common-sense was his predominating mental characteristic. Mr. Robbins was deeply interested in all town affairs, and especially in the welfare of the public schools. His efforts for the establishment of the high school and the grading of the village schools entitle him to the remembrance of the community. He had a fund of humor and read}' wit, and was fond of children. He was a member of the Congregational Church for twenty-eight years, and was held in general esteem for his integrity, industr}', and kindliness of character. He died December 31, 1868. IIOGERS, HONOKABLE GEORGE. Mr. Rogers was born in Topsham, November 18, 1785. He was a son of Alexander, and the father of the late George A, Rogers. He was educated in the common schools of the town, but made good use of such advantages as he had. He was a man of quick perception and inquiring mind, and steadily advanced with the times in which he lived. He took a warm interest in the public matters of the town and State. He served on the Board of Selectmen of Topsham for four- teen years, between 1836 and 1857. In 1819 he was chosen to repre- sent his town in the legislature, and in 1837 he was elected to the State Senate. In politics he was a Democrat, but he was oftentimes elected to office by the votes of those who affiliated with the opposite part}'. In his religious views he was a Baptist. "Although a man of rigid principles and soundness of judgment, his kind and genial manners won for him the respect of all who knew him. In early life he was twice married, but each of his wives died at an earl}' age. Of his family but one son survived him, the late George A. Rogers. "At nearly fourscore years, after a long and serene evening to a life of usefulness, devoted to the happiness of others, he passed away qui- etly at the old homestead where he had always resided." ROGERS, GEORGE A. The subject of this sketch was a native of Topsham. His education was obtained in the common schools and at the Maine Weslevan Som- BIOGRAPHICAL. 801 inar^- at Readfield, Maine. At the age of twenty he made a sea- voy- age to New Orleans, and thence to Europe. Receiving so much bene- fit from these voyages, he was tempted to become a sailor, and accord- ingly made one voyage " before the mast." His father discouraged his inclination towards a sea-faring life, and induced him to remain at home and turn his attention to agricultural pursuits. As a practical farmer, enlightened, and looking into the most essen- tial matters of the business of farming, he did much to promote its interests, both at home and abroad. He was long identified with the interests of the town, serving for many years as a member of the Board of Selectmen. Perhaps no more fitting tribute can be paid to his memory than that found in the recent " Historical Review " of the Sagadahoc County Agricultural Society, — he having been one of its earliest friends, serving in almost every capacity in which he could ren- der valuable assistance, " He represented the societ}' as a member of the Board of Agricul- ture for a period of seven years, and was one of the most useful mem- bers of that Board. For three years he was president of the Sagada- hoc Society, afterwards he was recording secretar}'. 'Yo the close of liis life on earth he was one of the most valuable members of the soci- ety. The society as well as the community needs more such men, — men who work from sincere regard for the interests of others. Possessed of a high moral, as well as a much religious character, Mr. Rogers was a true friend, a sincere and honest man. He served faithfullv the com- munity- in wliich he lived ; its interests were his interests, its welfare ever had his watchful care. Well may the societ}' long hold his name in remembrance and honor." He died June 30, 1874. ROSS, WILLIAM. William Ross lived, prior to 1749, at Sheepscot. He afterwards moved to Brunswick, where he built a house, bullet-proof, near the old meeting-house. Prior to his coming to Brunswick, he, with his two sons, John and Robert, was taken captive by the Indians and carried to Canada. He and Robert were soon liberated and returned home. John was such a favorite with the Indians that he was retained. Mr, Ross was subsequently captured again and carried to Quebec, AVhile there he became interested in a 3'oung man whom he met at a public place, the resort of those who desired to be exchanged. He volunteered to intercede for his release, inquired his name, and found him to be his son. The}' eflfected their release and returned home. 802 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. John was afterwards killed, or died, in war. Mr. Ross was a lame man. His disability was caused in the following manner. On one occasion, Avhile he was engaged in cutting wood west of Mair Brook, he disco A'ered a wounded bear making towards him. He at once com- menced to retreat backwards, defending himself with his axe, but was so unfortunate as to fall back over a log and hurt himself. The bear, unable to get over, reached under the log and bit him in the knee. Mr. Anthony Woodside, who had fired and wounded the bear, finall}' came up and killed it. RUTHERFORD, REVEREND ROBERT, Was a native of Ireland, and a Presbyterian. He came over with Colonel Dunbar, the celebrated surveyor of the king's woods in 1729, and preached at Pemaquid for four or five years. When Dunbar went to Portsmouth in 1 734, his house and farm were left in the care of Mr. Rutherford. In 1735 he was emploj'cd by the First Parish of Bruns- wick, and continued to preach there till 1742. After this he was engaged for a short time at Georgetown, and probabl}- returned to Pemaquid. From thence, on the marriage of Dunbar's widow with Captain Henderson of St. Georges, he removed to that place. It does not appear that he had a distinct pastoral charge, or that an}' church was gathered there during his life. He was a man of respectable lit- erary' attainments, and bore the character of a pious Orthodox minis- ter. He died in 1756, at the age of sixtj'-eight years, and was buried at the fort at Saint George's. His wife survived him twentj^-three years, and was buried in the same place. They left a family of seven daughters, whose posterity are numerous in the vicinity. ^ SKOLFIELD, THOMAS. Thomas Skolfield was a son of Thomas Skolfield, of England, who was an officer in King William's army in 1G90, when King James was driven from Ireland. The son, Thomas, received a liberal education at Dublin University, and shortly* after graduating emigrated to Amer- ica with the Orr family' earlj' in the last centuiy. Thomas remained in Boston with the Orr famil}' and taught a Latin school until the Orrs removed to the District of Maine, about the 3'ear 1742, when he and Susaa came with them. Thomas mariied Mar}' Orr, and settled in Brunswick near where Peter Woodard now lives (1876). He and the Orrs bought about 1 Annals of Tl a?Te?i and Greenleaf's Ecclesiastical Sketches. I ^^''^' ^p^^s^myu^. BIOGRAPHICAL. 803 three hundred and fifty acres of land, on which Thomas Skolfield settled. They paid for the land £85 old tenor. Mr. Skolfield was a very prominent man in town affairs. He was chosen, Ma}' 22, 1777, as an officer empowered to receive recognizances. In 1779 he was on the committee to aflfix the price of commodities sold in the town. He was on many committees to draw up resolutions, etc., during the Revolutionary war. He was town clerk from 1752 to 1 761, and again in 176-3 and 1765. He was on the Board of Select- men, and a great part of the time was chairman, for twent3--three years, — from 1744 to 1749, 1752 to 1754, 1756 to 1762, 1765 to 1767, 1772 to 1775, and again in 1782. His wife died August 1, 1771, aged fifty-seven j'ears. He died January 6, 1796. SKOLFIELD, GEORGE. " Master" George Skolfield was born July, 1780, in Harpswell, in an oM house standing upon the site of the one now occupied by Mr. George R. Skolfield, his eldest son. He began to build vessels when about twenty-one years old, and during his lifetime built nearly if not quite sixty vessels, all first-class, of the best quality of material and workmanship. At the time of his death he was one of the wealthiest men in Brunswick, and his wealtii was all earned through his own exertions and by his own business ability. He was kind in his famil}' and to his friends, and of a very hospi- table nature. " It was the delight of Master George to have the house full, and he was never in better spirits than when his friends fairly overran his rooms. A man of strong impulses, of prejudices, if you will, he never meant to be unjust. He was decided, firm in his convictions, and sternly resolute in the discharge of what he deemed his dutj'. That dut}' was done with a singleness of purpose worthy of all imitation. "VVe make no claim to perfection for the deceased ; but we record as the crowning glory of his long and active life, diversified by an intercourse with all classes and manner of men, his passing awa}', with never a man to question his scrupulous honesty in all his dealings with his fel- low men." He died March 13, 1866. SMYTH, WILLIAM, D. D. Professor Smyth was born in Pittston, February 2, 1797, and in his childliood his parents removed to Wiseasset, which was his home until about the time of his entering college. At the age of eighteen he 804 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. was bereft of both fiither and mother, and was left with a yovnig sister and bi'othor, and nothing but kind friends and himself to depend upon. He was for a time clerk for a Wiscasset merchant, but his ambition at that time was to qualify himself to teach school, and all his Sparc time was spent in hard study. He taught school for a few years, at the same time fitting himself for Bovvdoin College, the Junior class of which he entered in 1820. Such an example of student-life as was then exhibited is rare and worthy of record. He occupied, witli a townsman and classmate, Bo3'nton, a room in the building, afterwards burned down, which stood on the site of Mr. Henr}' C. Martin's residence, opposite the college halls. As the result of his former hard study, while in college he w;is com- pelled to wear a green shade and to study by another's e^-es. His room-mate read his lessons to him, he occasionally raising his blinder to glance for a moment at a mathematical formula or a diagram or a phrase. After getting settled in college life his independent, self- denying spirit led him to bring to his side his young brother, and sus- tain both as he might. This self-sacrificing college student often deprived himself of a dinner for the sake of that brother ; lived da}' after day on bread and water ; not unfrequently did not know one day where the next day's meals were to come from ; and thus, study- ing with the e3"es of another, often at his wits' end for supi)ort, with tliat care of the brother upon him part of the time, he soon took the lead of an able class and held it to the end, graduating with the I-Cnglish valedictor}' in 1822. After graduating, Mr. Snij^th taught a school for a short time in what used to be called President Allen's Academy, and then spent a 3^ear in the Andover Seminary. In 1823 he received an appointment from his Alma Mater as proc- tor and instructor in Greek ; then became tutor in mathematics and natural philosophy ; and in 1828 he was made professor in full of mathematics and natural philosophy. The first edition of his algebra, from the press of Mr. Griffin, of this town, appe;ired in 1830, received warm commendation from Doctor Bowditch, and was adopted as a text-book at Harvard and other insti- tutions. It passed through several editions, and then gave place to two separate works, the elementary and the larger algebra. Then followed an enlarged edition of the trigonometrj' and its applications to surveying and navigation, and treatises on analytic geometry', and on the calculus, the last being so clearly' and satisfactorily developed, and with so much originality', as to receive emphatic approval in high BIOGRAPHICAL. 805 quarters, particularly from the late Professor Baclie, and constituting, as has been said, quite an era in the means of instruction in this pro- found branch. When the project of graded schools for the large Central District of Brunswick was proposed, it engaged his earnest co-operation. He was chosen on the Board of Agents successively for seventeen 3'ears ; most of the time was chairman, and exercised vigilant supervision of the schools. The amount of liibor he performed in securing and per- fecting the system, in building the large brick school-house for which he furnislied the working plan, and in general superintendence, few can conceive ; and all with no other remuneration than the conscious- ness of rendering an important public service. He was for many years one of the trustees of the First Parish fund, and for forty 3'ears or more an active member of the Congregational Church and Society in Brunswick and a teacher in the Sabbath school. AVhen the present church edifice was erected he was the working member of the building committee, giving important counsel in its plan, even to the framing of the building, and constantly supervising the work. He also furnished the working plans for a spire which, for grace and beaut}', was not surpassed. The last public work of his life was the measures for erecting a Memorial Hall for the college. One even most conversant with him, and who had most free access to his thoughts, purposes, and plans, can scarcely enumerate the extent of his correspondence on the subject ; his journe3'ings to and fro from Bangor to New York for subscriptions, his long walks in Brunswick and its neighborhood to obtain contributions, to consult mechanics and contractors, or to engage hands for the work ; his visits to other towns to examine public buildings or to inspect quar- ries of building stone ; or his careful stud}' of architectural designs, sketches, and plans in the college library ; or liis personal labor in meditating and drawing plans himself, that architects might readily conceive the idea and object of the proposed structure. For the last two 3'ears of his life his mind and thoughts were intent on what he often said was to be his last labor. E\er3' dollar of the thirt}' thousand on his subscription book he soli- cited, and he collected nearl3' twenty thousand of the amount in person. Professor Smyth was among the first members of the temperance societ}' formed in Brunswick when Reverend Doctor Justin P^dwards promulgated and advocated with so much effect the doctrine of total abstinence from intoxicatinc; drinks. 806 inSTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. A debate in the Brunswick L3'ceiim made of him an anti-slavery man, or rather turned his thoughts to that subject, and inspired a sentiment and opinions whicli he maintained his life through. He never swerved, — no, not for an hour, — from his allegiance to the cause of human freedom and the rights of man. Though exposed to reproach and annoyances, to hard speeches and harder looks, he was not a man to be deterred from his pur- pose or to quail in whatever he regarded a matter of right, truth, and duty. His ability as a teacher was never called in question. In explana- tion he was precise, simple, and clear. He had great power of inspir- ing interest ; his own enthusiasm, which often kindled, especially in certain branches of his department, at the black-board, being communi- cated to his class. His mind was quick to kindle, and his powers to arouse themselves to seize on some engrossing subject, and while the occasion demanded, he was totus m illis. He was a whole-souled, large-hearted man. Personal interests occupied with him an inferior place. Any real object of philantlirop}-, of national or of town interest, anything that touched the life of the college, was sure to find one mind and heart read}^ to respond to its demands. Of the qualities of his mind no one conversant with him could doubt that his Creator endowed him with a power of intense application, of wide compass and great clearness of thought, of strong grasp of principles, and of exhibiting truth, often massive truth, with great precision and force. He had a peculiar facult}' of seizing on the salient points and the fundamental elements of any subject he api)roached. One could not but give him the credit of childlike simplicity. He was simple in his tastes, in his manners, and in his desires. There was no pretence or affectation in his nature. No charge of insincerity or false-heartedness was ever laid upon him. The facts of Professor Smyth's life reveal most clearly a singularly self-sacrificing spirit. What reward or remuneration, what personal advantage could he have expected from his labors for schools or for the church or for the Memorial Hall ? What self-interest could have prompted him to furnish working plans for school-house or church spire, — or to rise from his bed and go down to the school-house in a drenching storm to see that the rain did not undermine the wall or flood the cellar, — or at midnight, in a driving southeaster, to go over to the church, tlien in building, to make more fast an ill-secured transept BIOGRAPHICAL. 807 window, — or to serve as a tender to the mason who was putting up a chimney in the tower? His nature was profoundly sympathetic, and he was blessed with a genial, buoyant spirit. He never betraj'ed a moody or sullen temper. There was in him a vein of fine humor. He enjoyed it in others, and no one could turn a witticism or conve}" a compliment with more deli- cac3" or grace. It remains to bear testimom' to Professor Smyth as a Christian man. In this character he left the record of nearlj' fifty years in his daily life, in the free intercourse of friends, in the social meetings of the church, in college halls, in his relations to public phil- anthropic movements of his time, and in the pulpit of the sanctuar}'. Earlv in life he took his stand as a Christian young man, and became connected with the Congregational Church in Gorham. He seized with the strong grasp of his intellect and heart on what are termed the doctrines of grace. In 1825 he received license from the Cumberland Association, and for several 3'ears preached with acceptance in Bruns- wick and neighboring towns. His discourses were marked by weighty thought, clear exhibition of truth, simplicity and vigor of stj'le, and earnest and eloquent enforcement of the motives of the gospel and the issues of life and death. He died April 4, 1868. The foregoing sketch of this trul}' remarkable man is condensed from Professor Packard's discourse commemorative of Professor Smyth. ST AN WOOD, DAVID. David Stanwood, son of Ebenezer, was in the expedition to Louis- burg. While the army was there, some twenty or thirty men were desirous of taking boats and crossing to the opposite shore, where the}' expected to plunder some of the French settlers. The}' landed with- out molestation, went to one house not far distant, entered it, and brought the plunder to their boats. Not sufficient)}' satisfied with what they had obtained, they returned, without their guns, and while strip- ping the house still further they were surrounded and taken prisoners by the Indians, who had been on the watch for them. They were at once stripped, and severely tortured with spears. Mr. Stanwood attempted to escape, but a well-directed spear hit him on the shoulder, and so disabled him that he surrendered, and was again submitted to torture. He fled again and was pursued, fired at, and a ball hit him in the arm and broke it. He succeeded, however, in his escape, hid himself until search was ov^er, and when all was quiet, went to the shore opposite the army, and hoisted a handkerchief as a signal. It was seen, and, though fearful of a decoy, some of the men were at 808 HISTORY OF BliVNSWlCK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. length alloTved to go over for him, and he was rescued. Another account ' states that after he escaped the second time he came to a river and was shot while swimming across. His arm was afterwards amputated. STANWOOD, COLONEL WILLIAM. William Stanwood was the son of David Stanwood, of Brunswick, and was born in 1752. In his early da^'s he learned the trade of a blacksmith. He entered the Revolutionary army and was in the bat- tles of IMonmouth and White Plains. After the war he was made a colonel of the militia. After leaving the army he went to work at his trade, and afterwards engaged in the lumbering business and in ship- building in connection with Captain John Dunlap. He accumulated wealth, and owned three large farms, besides other real estate, but afterwards met with heavy losses in his shipping business. He built and lived in the house now owned by the heirs of the late A. C. Rob- bins, Esquire, on Maine Street. He was a prominent man in Bruns- wick, and was selectman for a number of jears, and a representative in 1794 and 1795. He was also a member of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College. He had three wives ; the first was Mary Orr, the second Hannah Thompson, and the third Ruth Thompson. He had eleven children. He died June, 1829. STETSON, REVEREND SETH. " Father" Stetson, as he was called, lived until he was seventeen j'ears of age in his native town of Kingston, Massachusetts. He then spent one summer in Bristol, Maine, one in Boston, and two in Charlestown, Massachusetts. He spent his winters during this time at home. He gives the following account of his life in a letter to the Gospel Banner in 1864 : — " Seventy years ago [1794] I first came to Bristol with m}- master ship-joiner. When free I came again. I wounded m^- ankle-joint, which laid me up many months, and gave me time to read and pra}'. Reverend Mr. Riddle invited me to stud}' for the ministry. 1 kept school in Alna, New Castle, and Bristol, and studied with Reverend Jonathan A^'ard, of New Milford. 1 was approbated to preach in the town of Winthrop, at Revei'end Mr. Bolden's, by the Lincoln Associ- ation of Congregational ministers. " I preached two j'ears in Norridgewock and other towns. In 1804 i Fejepscot Papi rs. BIOGRAPHICAL. 809 I had a call, and was ordained in South Plymouth, Massachusetts, ten miles from my native place. There I preached Hopkinsianism sixteen years. Then for four j^ears I was a AYorsterian. Then I became a Universalist, and preached in jCharlestown and Salem three j'ears, and in Boston a few months. Then in Brunswick, Bath, and Bowdoinham two 3'ears, and ever since all round the State, and in other States. The last year I have not tried to preach. " I grow deaf, and forgetful of names. M}' health is good. M3' wife is eighty-four years old. We have had twelve children, 'i'he three youngest onl}^ are living in this world." Mr. Stetson was born in 1776, and died in 1867. He was at his death, therefore, ninety-one years of age, lacking five daj'S. He was at that time the oldest Universalist minister in Maine. From a diary that he left, it appears that he came to Brunswick in a packet to Maquoit (Captain Simpson's) in 1828. He brought with him his wife and five children and household goods, paying for passage and freight, sixteen dollars to Maquoit, and four dollars from the latter place to his house. Mr. Stetson was well known throughout this entire community, and was much beloved by his parishioners, and esteemed bj' all for the purity of his life and character. STONE, COLONEL ALFEED J. The subject of this sketch was a son of James Stone, and was a native of Topsham. He settled in Brunswick, and lived and died in the dwelling on Mill Street which stands nearly on the site of the old Stone mansion which was erected by Benjamin Stone, the ancestor of the family in Brunswick. It is worth}- of mention that the property on and near the corner of Maine and Mill Streets, known as Stone's Corner, has been retained in the family for four generations. Colonel Stone was largel}- engaged in the lumbering business, owning a mill on the upper dam, and for many 3'ears did an extensive business. He was a colonel in the militia, and held various public offices, among them that of postmaster. He was a representative to the legislature in 1836. He was an influential and public-spirited citizen. SYLVESTEK, MARLBOROUGH. Marlborough Sylvester, of Harpswell, was a son of William Sylves- ter, and was born in Hanover, Massachusetts, in 1753. He was a man prominent in the affairs of the town, and held town offices for many years. He was town clerk from 1794: to 1799, inclusive, and in 1813, 810 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. selectman from 1797 to 1808, inclusive, and in 1815, and representa- tive in 1809. THOMPSON, GENEEAL ABNER B. Mr. Thompson was born in Middleboro', Massachusetts, September 22, 1797, whence in his youth he moved to Boston, and from that cit}', in 1817, to Brunswiclc, where he spent the rest of his life, en- gaged for a long series of years in the active pursuits of mercantile life, manifesting an energy and a' directness of application that con- stituted him a marked man among his fellow-men. General Thomp- son from his j'outh manifested a fondness for military life. As earl}^ as 1821 he received an officer's commission and held various positions in the militia, from lieutenant to that of major-general. In February, 1847, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Ninth Regiment, United States Infantry. From 1834 until 1841, General Thompson held the office of adjutant and quartermaster-general of the State, and was in command of the troops called into service on the eastern frontier. For three 3'ears he was State agent for the prosecution of the militar}- claim of Maine against the Federal government for expenses incurred in protecting ber northeastern frontier, and in prosecution of the business he passed a considerable portion of his time in Washington. He was in 1831 and 1832 State treasurer, and in 1856 a senator in the legisla- ture. As a politician, a Democrat of the old school, he was firm in the maintenance of the principles of the part}' in which he believed, swerving neither to the right nor the left, as party fancies might dic- tate, but always courteous and considerate to the views of an oppo- nent. His wonderful clearness of intellect, his ready power of expla- nation, his thorough knowledge of business details, gave him command over the minds of others which few men untrained to the professional arena possess. He had a wealth of determination, or power of will, which led him straigiit on in the path which he had marked out for himself. As a citizen, he held large and liberal views of public affairs, and his aid was always sought and granted in the carrying out of projects to promote the growth and prosperity of the town. He was a Freemason of high rank. He died August 4, 1871, and was buried with Masonic honors. THOMPSON, CHARLES. Mr. Thompson was a native of Topsham. When nine years of age he removed with his parents to the neighboring town of Lisbon. j e^^^ a, sl^4.jUJl uJiL. ^yflX^^s^t-j} J ( Vuxl V Ju) iA^ . BIOGRAPHICAL. 811 At the age of twentj'-one he returned to Topshara and engaged him- self as a clerk in a store. Economical and industrious, he soon acquired a sufficient sum of money to enable him to make an invest- ment in navigation, and, succeeding in his venture, he continued ever after to invest his funds in the same line of business, and generally' with a corresponding degree of success. When the Androscoggin Bank was organized, in 1834, Mr. Thompson, being one of the princi- pal stockholders, was elected president, and was continued in that position until the charter, by its own limitation, expired. Mr. Thompson was an ardent patriot, and served in the war of 1812. From 1812 to 1820 he filled the office of adjutant of the Third Regi- ment, First Brigade, Eleventh Division of State Militia. He was con- sidered so worth}^ of trust that, in 1814, the Circuit Court of Common Pleas, by an order issued at the August term, placed the entire control of the Court House in his hands, with authority to grant its nse for other purposes whenever he might deem it advisable. In 1831 he was elected as a representative to the legislature, and could have held the position longer had he so desired. Mr. Thompson was a man of strict integrity. He was a kind man in his family, and a lover of hospitalit}'. He was also a good neigh- bor and a wise counsellor. He was faithful to his engagements ; and masters of vessels, and others in his employ, if proving themselves worthy, were long retained. Though he never made any religious pro- fessious, he was a decided friend to the cause of religion and a liberal supporter of its institutions. He was warml}' interested in educa- tional matters, and was one of the chief supporters of the Topsham Academ}'. He also sent two of his sons to Bowdoin College. He had a clear and comprehensive intellect, was well informed in all ordinary matters, possessed sagacity and perseverance, was shrewd and calculating, had a large business experience, and was thoroughly posted in commercial matters. He was, at the time of his death, undoubtedly the wealthiest man in Topsham. He died October 4 , 1866. " He was a man of quick perceptions and a clear insight in regard to men and things, and one who often uttered his convictions in strong and decided language. He adhered to them, also, with pertinacity, even though they were sometimes formed upon insufficient data." THOMPSON, BRIGADIER SAMUEL. Samuel Thompson was born March 22, 1 735. He resided in Bruns- wick until after the close of the Revolutionarj^ war. He served on the Board of Selectmen of Brunswick in the years 1768, 1770, and 812 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 1771. He was a member of the Provincial Congress, and about the year 1774 he was appointed or chosen lieutenant-colonel of militia. He Avas afterwards colonel, and on Februar}' 8, 1776, he was chosen by the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts as a brigadier-general of the Cumberland Count}' troops. He was about this time at the head of the Committee of Safet}- for the district. He was elected, also, the same year, as representative to the General Court. About the 3'ear 1783, possibly in 1784, General Thompson moved to Topsham, where he afterwards resided. He was chosen as a representative from Topsham to the General Court for twelve terms, — each year from 1784 to 1788, from 1790 to 1794, and in 1797 and 1798. In 1797 he was also chosen senator to the General Court. Brigadier Thompson died in 1797, and was buried in an old burying- ground at Ferry Point, in Topsham. His remains were afterwards removed and placed in the same grave with those of Humphrey Thompson, his son, in the village burying-ground. Samuel Thompson was a man of some wealth, for the times. He was worth, according to the inventory of his property, some over $35,000. A little less than half of this amount was in real estate, of which he owned the most in Topsham, though he possessed consid- erable in Bowdoin, some in Bath, and an inconsiderable amount in Brunswick. In regard to his character, it is hardly possilile to render Brigadier Thompson exact justice. Nothing has Ijeen learned as to his private and social life. It is known, however, that his wife was, at times, insane, and it is said that on one occasion she killed an adopted son., of some five or six years of age, with a pair of steelyards. One of his children was also an imbecile. Under such circumstances, it is hardly probable that his home life could have been a happy one. In regard to his public life, it is not so difficult to form an opinion, though even here, owing to his outspoken and vehement manner, he. made so many enemies that it is difficult to know the truth of some statements made in regard to him. One thing is sure, that he was one of the leading men of his day, running over with zeal and patri- otism. The late Judge Freeman says of him, " He was a portly man, not of very tall stature, but somewhat corpulent, and appar- ently of a robust constitution, but not supposed to be possessed of much real courage. Nature had furnished him with strong mental powers and a capacity which, if it ha(J been rightly' directed and employed, might have rendered him a useful member of society, but BIOGRAPHICAL. 813 his mind needed cultivation." He was strictly a " self-made " man, and was particularly remarkable for his firmness of opinion — often amount- ing to obstinacy — and for his ready wit, which, when he was in the House of Representatives, often excited the mirth of his brother members. In his religious views Samuel Thompson was a Universalist, or rather a Winchesterian. He believed in the Trinity, in a day of gen- eral judgment for all mankind, and in the punishment of the wicked in a literal hell-fire, but he also believed in the final salvation of all. Tradition saj's that the brigadier died in great agony of mind, expect- ing to suffer for his sins in fire and brimstone for 50,000 3'ears. He also evidently believed in the doctrine of foreordination, as he was accustomed whenever anything went wi'ong to console himself with the reflection that " it is all right in the great plan." It is said that on one occasion, as he was going from Topsham to the General Court, he stopped at Nichols's in Brunswick for a pair of new boots. Not being so well suited with them as he desired, he complained to Nich- ols, who replied, " It is all right in the great plan." " N-n-nichols," said the brigadier, stuttering, ''the great plan has nothing to do with these boots." Samuel Thompson was a zealous Whig or Anti-Federalist. He was a delegate from Topsham to the convention that " convened at Boston, January 9, 1788, and continued until February 7, following, for the purpose of assenting to and ratifying the Constitution recom- mended by the Grand Federal Convention." On the question of rati- fication he voted na}^ A letter to Madison, quoted in a letter to Washington, February 3, 1788, contains the following: " The leaders of this party [Anti-Federalists] are Mr. Widgery, Mv. 'I'hompson^ and Mr. Nassow, from the province of Maine." As throwing some light upon the probable reasons for Mr. Thompson's negative vote, we quote the following extract from a letter of General Knox, bear- ing date New York, January 14 [1788?] : — " The second part}' in the State are in the province of Maine. This party are chiefly looking towards the erection of a new State, and the majority of them will adopt or reject the new Constitution, as it may facilitate or retard their designs, without regarding the merits of the great question." On this question of the adoption of the Constitution, Mr. Thompson made several speeches. His longest one was against the paragraph providing for a standing army. His remarks, especially those begin- ning, "O my country!" called out replies from the opposite side. 814 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSEAM, AND HARPSWELL. While discussing the fourth section in regard to elections, General Thompson said : — • "Mr. President, I have frequently heard of the abilities and fame of the learned and reverend gentleman [Reverend Mr. West] last speak- ing, and now I am witness to them. But, sir, one thing surprises me : it is to hear the worthy gentleman insinuate that our federal rulers will undoubtedly ))e good men, and that therefore we have little to fear from their being intrusted with all power. This, sir, is quite con- trary to the common language of the clerg}-, who are continuallj'^ rep- resenting mankind as reprobate and deceitful, and that we reall}' grow worse and worse da}^ after day. I really believe we do, sir, and I make no doubt to prove it before I sit down, from the Old Testament." On the question of considering the Constitution as a whole instead of by paragraphs, he remarked that, in his opinion, " the Constitution, and the reasons which induced gentlemen to frame it, ought to have been sent to the several towns, to be considered by them. M3' town considered it seven hours, and after this there was not one in favor of it. It is strange," he continued, " that a S3'stem which its planners say is so plain that he that runs ma}* read it, should want so much explanation." While the question of slavery was discussed, General Thompson exclaimed, " Mr. President, shall it be said, that after we have estab- lished our own independence and freedom, we make slaves of others? O Washington, what a name has he had ! How he has immortalized himself ! but he holds those in slaver}' who have as good right to be free as he has. He is still for self, and in my opinion his character has sunk fift}' per cent." When the paragraph in regard to the writ of habeas corpus was read, General Thompson asked the president to please to proceed. " We have," said he, " read the book often enough. It is a consistent piece of inconsistency." These extracts from his speeches show that though the brigadier was a bitter opposer of the Constitution, he possessed no mean power of debate, and could express himself tersely and vigorously. As a public speaker, we cannot with fairness judge Mr. Thompson by his harangues to the populace. In these he was impetuous, noisy, and sometimes even furious. The late Doctor James McKeen de- scribed his speech on one occasion in the following words : — " The brigadier was of too fiery a temperament to be either appeased or softened, but went on continually hurling his gall-bladder invec- tives against all who failed to come up to his measure of vehement BIOGRAPHICAL. 815 demonstrations." It is to be presumed that his manner in the House of Representatives was cahner and his speech more considerate. General Thompson, though perhaps not haugiity or overbearing in his manner, had a good deal of pride in his position as a public man and an officer. It is related that once, when a member of the Gen- eral Court, he tvas crossing a toll-bridge leading into Boston, when the toUman demanded toll. Toll not being required from members of the legislature at that time, the brigadier replied, with great dignit}', " I belong to the House, sir." " Belong to the House ! I should think 3-ou belonged to the ham" was the reply of the tollman, evidently induced b}^ his rustic appearance. As regards his military qualifications, Williamson describes the brigadier as bold and courageous, but as not possessing sufficient coolness, consistency, foresight, or intelligence to qualify him for a leader. In regard to his bravery there seem to be conflicting opinions. His exploit in regard to the capture of Mowatt has already been men- tioned, and some other facts connected with his military career would seem to show that he was not deficient in courage. The following anecdote, however, if true, would seem to indicate both cowardice and stinginess. It is related that on one occasion Captain John Ross, of Sebasco- digan, the master of a coasting vessel, was in Boston and ready to sail for home with'onl}^ two hands (Robert Gorden and William Coombs) with him. Just before the time for sailing the brigadier came on board and bespoke a passage. He brought with him a pil- low-case full of gingerbread and some molasses for his rations. They set sail and started on their homeward vo3'age. The bay was full of cruisers. When abreast of the Isle of Shoals Xhcy discovered a small vessel, apparently' a fisherman, inside. She soon, however, hoisted her canvas in pursuit. Captain Ross ordered the two swivels to be fixed on the windlass bits, loaded with powder and ball. Coombs was stationed at one, and Gorden at the other. The hostile vessel ap- proached rapidly, passed b}' the bows of the coaster, saw the swivels and the two men swinging their lighted ropes to keep them alive, and passed on her way and left them. All this time the brigadier, " ex- pecting death would be his portion, stood in the companion-way, out of sight, trembling with fear and suflEering the horrors of despair." When the privateer had passed by, the brigadier made his appearance in good spirits, and exulted that he had saved his gingerbread. Notwithstanding the anecdotes tending to throw ridicule upon him, and the animadversions of his enemies, it is evident that General 816 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HAEPSWELL. Thompson must have been in some respects a remarkable man, or he could not for so long a period have possessed the confidence of a majorit}^ of his fellow-citizens and have filled the responsible stations which he did. At all events, the strength of his patriotism ought to overshadow man}' minor defects of character. TITCOMB, REVEREND BENJAMIN. Benjamin Titcomb, fourth son of Deacon Benjamin and Anne Tit- comb, was born in Portland, July 26, 1761. He was educated at Dummer Academy', Newliurj', Massachusetts, and afterward at New- buryport ; served an apprenticeship in the art of priuting, establishing himself in the printing business at Portland. On the first day of Janu- ar}^, 1785, he "struck off" with his own hands the first sheet ever printed in Maine. About 1798 he left printing, and with no other preparation than that which the grace of God gives, began to preach to the small Baptist society then recently gathered in Portland, the first meetings of which' were at Mr. Titcomb's house. In 1804 he removed to Brunswick, and became pastor of the Baptist Church which had been gathered here by Elders Case and Williams. The meetings of this society' for several 3'ears were held at Maquoit, in the meeting-house wdiich was built by the society in the latter part of the last century-. In 1829 the meeting-house on Federal Street, ^vhich is now occupied by tlie Catholics, was built ; and in this Elder Titcomb finished his pub- lic labors, retiring from the pulpit at the age of eightj'-three, after a fort}' 3ears' ministry in Brunswick. In 1820, Elder Titcomb was elected a delegate to the convention that formed the Constitution of JNIaine ; and at the request of General King, opened the convention with praj'er. Not fond of political pre- ferment, he afterward declined office, which was several times oflTered him. He was one of the ofiginal trustees of Waterville College, now Colby University, and took great interest in that institution. He was a man of decision, " strong in faith," a ready speaker, preaching with- out notes. He retained his mental faculties in a good degree to the last, dying at his residence on Federal Street, September 30, 1848. ^ UPHAM, THOMAS C, D. D. Professor Upham was born in Deerfield, N. H., January 20, 1799. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1818. He then went through ^From Griffin's Press of Maine, p. 34. BIOGRAPHICAL. 817 three 3-ears of theological study at Andover, in which lie gained such distinction by his indefatigable stud}', his scholarship and attain- ments, that, after completing the course, he was selected by Profes- sor Stuart to assist him in the Greek and Hebrew instruction of the seminar}'. He subsequently became pastor over tlie church of his Rochester home, where he labored a 3'ear with characteristic ?eal and energ}', and to the great contentment of his people, until 1824, when he was chosen to the professorship of Moral Philosophy' and Metaphysics in Bowdoin College. In 1852, Professor Uphara spent a ^-ear in European and P^astern travel, visiting England and Scotland, France, Switzerland, Germany, and Ital}', Egypt and the Hoh' Land, his companion of travel being Reverend Mr. Thompson, then of the Broadway- Tabernacle, New York. One result of his tour was a volume, in which we have the impressions made on an observing, contemplative, highly- cultured, and poetic mind of the people and scenes he visited. This volume, of which a third edition has been printed, ranks high among the most thoughtful and instructive works of that class. He was a voluminous writer. A collection of his works would make at least twenty vol- umes. Among the better known of his writings are his treatises on mental philosophy and on the will. He also published a volume of minor poems, under the title, " American Cottage Life," which went through six editions. The variety and extent of the literary labors of Doctor Upham afford proof of the varied character of his erudition. He was indeed a devourer of books. He explored all the libraries of the college and visited those of other institutions. He read all works in his own department and biographies and books of travel, from which to draw manifold illustrations. " He was deeply read in European history. Probably the State could not have produced a man more conversant with the politics of Europe. Occasionally during the first two or three years of his professorship, he occupied the pulpit of the Bruns- wick church to the great gratification of his hearers. He supplied the pulpit in Harpswell for a season or two, and his active interes, and personal effort in encouraging that people and the jDeople of Topsham in maintaining the ordinances of God's house are held in grateful remembrance. In person he solicited contributions among the people of Harpswell toward their new church, and with success surprising to themselves. "■ All questions of public moment, whether regarding religion or 52 818 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND II ART SWELL. morals and mannevs, found him a vigilant observer and active partici- pant in all good measures. "Professor Upham's whole life was that of a true philanthropist. The famous line of Terence, Homo stim, humani nihil a me alienum puto, was illustrated in him as fully as in any human being. There was a fountain of kindness and good-will within him, ever full and overflowing. His domestic affections were deep and abiding Noth- ing could show more strikingly the love that was in him, seeking for objects on which to fasten, than the fact that, not being blessed with children of his own, he adopted children and loved and did for them as if they were his own. "■ The oppressed and down-trodden found in him a sympathizing, active friend. He was an earl}- and liberal patron of colonization, constituting himself a life meml)er of the societ}' b}' a contribution of $1,000. His name stands on the first roll of signers to the temper- ance pledge in Brunswick, drawn up immediately after the visit of the eminent Doctor Edwards. He watched with eager e^'e every move- ment for the ends of civil and religious liberty in Eui'ope or on this continent. He labored earnesth' in the cause of peace, and yet when the cloud of civil war hung over our land, his heart was stirred within him for the salvation and integrit}* of his bleeding country. To crown all, he was instant in season and out of season, in college, in the street, and from house to house, in the cause of his Master. No one was more sensitive to an^-thing which promised good or threat- ened evil to the interests of moral or of vital godliness. " There was not the shade of self-exaltation in anything he said or did. He was far as one could be from the appearance of being puffed up b}' his attainments or his wide reputation. His manner and bearing were not even what might have been excused in one who could not but be aware that he could sustain elegant and learned dis- course with any of the philosophers or statesmen or men of letters of the world. On the contrar}^ he could take the level of the most humble and illiterate, with no appearance of condescension, readil}- adapting himself to their apprehension, their prejudices, or their humors, thus in the best sense becoming all things to all men if he might therel)y win them to the right and the true." He died in 1872. VEAZIE, GENERAL SAMUEL. General Vcazie was born in Portland, Maine, April 22, 1787, and came to Topsham when about twent3'-one years of age, without cupi- BIOGRAPHICAL. 819 tal, and established himself in a smnll business. He afterwards en- gaged in the limiber Inisiness on the Androscoggin, and in ship-build- ing. He built a dozen or more vessels, equipped them, freighted them with his own lumber, and carried on a direct trade with the AVest Indies. In the war of 1812 he took an active part. In 1812 he was chosen ensign, and in 1819 captain of a Topsham company in the mihtia. He was afterwards promoted rapidl}*, until he filled the office of general. He is said to have been, though a strict disciplinarian, an efficient and beloved commander. " Identified with all the social, religious, and political interests of Topsham, General Veazie became one of its leading citizens. His liber 1 lit}' towards the church where he worshipped, the trees which he planted, and the good taste and improvements displayed, will not be forgotten in coming generations. " In 1826 the inducements of a larger field for operations, on the Penobscot, called his attention there, when he made valuable pur- chases in Oldtown, which became so important that he closed his business at Topsham, and moved to Bangor, in 1832. "The loss of such a citizen to Topsham was soon apparent in his operations at Oldtown and Bangor. " His comprehensive mind made him master of the situation, and while he continued to build ships and give employment to his old mechanical friends who followed him, his manifold lumbering inter- ests, at Oldtown and Stillwater, proved the wisdom of his invest- ments. Superadded to these he became noted as a banker, founding the Bank of Bangor, which was merged into the Veazie Bank, l)oth institutions ever having the confidence of the pulilic, based upon his capital and management. " The Bangor, Oldtown, and Milford Railroad becoming unprofitable to its proprietors, was sold to him, when, as if \>j magic, it recuper- ated, and became one of the leading arteries of Bangor. In 1855, having lost his wife, he moved to the then village of North Bangor, where he afterwards married. The citizens of that village petitioned the legislature to be incoi*porated as a town under the name of Veazie, which was granted, and here, some three miles from Bangor, he ever after resided. " General Veazie was a Je3ers3nian Democrat, a mm of great executive abilit}^ and financial capacity, had an iron will, accompa- nied by a resolute energ}' and inflexible integrity". He was a good husband, devoted parent, and an excellent neighbor. His word, like 820 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. the bills that bore his name, was never ' below par,' and he was always the 3'oung man's friend. Wielding a large influence, and although often solicited, he would never accept office, nor ever held one, as the writer believes, except that of councillor to the governor of the State. His life was one of incessant activity and usefulness to the day of his death, March 12, 1868, when, in the full possession of his faculties, surrounded b}' his family, he bequeathed to them a good name, and probabl}' the largest fortune in the State." WALKER, MAJOR NATHANIEL. Nathaniel Walker was born in Arundel, now Kennebunk, Septem- ber 25, 1781, and while a boy came with his father to Topsham, in which town he passed the greater part of his life. He was a warm-hearted patriot, and served in the war of 1812. He was captain of the Topsham artillerj' compan}- in 1814, when it was called out and ordered to Bath for the defence of that town, and was subsequently promoted to the office of major. He filled various public positions. He was town clerk for a series of 3-ears and post- master for some length of time. Major Walker was also a justice of the peace and an efficient member of the Citizens' Fire Company, in which he always kept up an interest. His chief occupation was that of surveyor of lumber, and he was also interested in the lumber busi- ness. He was an energetic and able business man. He had a strong constitution and was very healthy, never having been sick up to the time of his death. He built, in 1809, the AValker homestead, where he'lived until his death, whicli took place August 17, 1851. WHEELER, REVEREND AMOS DEAN, D. D. The subject of this sketch was born in Woodstock, Vermont, Decem- ber 13, 1803, and was the son of Amos Wheeler, Jr., and Lydia [Ran- dall] Wheeler. His father dying when he was three 3'ears old, he was adopted b}' James Udall, Esquire, of Hartland, Vermont, with whom he lived, until seventeen years of age, receiving instruction in the com- mon schools and at Thetford Academy. In 1820 he went to Leices- ter, jMassachu setts, where his relatives resided, and attended Leicester Academy- for a wliile, subsequently teaching school until he entered Williams College, from which he graduated in 1827. He then taught the academ}!- at Marlboro' foi* two 3-ears, at the expiration of which time he was elected principal of the Latin Grammar School in Salem. He remained in that position for three 3'ears, studying theology, mean- time, with the Reverend Charles Upham, D. D., who was then pastor ■J^' .MWJect, of high-toned character. He was not a man to kindle unkind emotions in any hreast. I do not believe he left an hos- tile or unfriendly feeling in an}' one, and 'we cannot help exclaiming with the Psalmist, ' Help, Lord, for the faithful fail from among the children of nien ! ' " Sa3"s a writer in the Christian R gister, " He was a man of larger natural endowment and more varied attainments than was generally known. Few of his contemporaries excelled him in mathematical scholarship. He kept well up with the college curriculum in all its departments. For man}' years he was a regular contributor of able articles to a journal of mathematical science. He had a poetic taste and faculty beyond the average of cultivated men. Few surpassed him in critical and thorough knowledge of the Bible, and in ready abil- ity to maintain his position by exact verbal quotations therefrom. Of clear mental vision and acute argumentative powers, he was strong as he was also fair and good-natured in general debate. " Calm habitually, even to sedateness, self-governed and judicious, the man of all around you to whom you would intrust any matter requiring sober and unbiassed deliberation, he could yet nuike merry with the gaN'est within the bounds of right and reason, was as tender in his feelings as a child, and his religious emotions were easily excited." His children will be pardoned if, from a filial regard to his memor}', they have allowed a disproportionate space to this sketch. AyiLSON, CAPTAIN THOMAS. Thomas "Wilson came from Ireland when he was about fifteen years of age, arrived in Boston, afterwards came to Topsham, and when the Indian war commenced returned to Boston again. On the return of peace he moved back to Topsham, and remained during the last French and Indian war, and until his decease. He was buried in the grave- 3'ard near the old meeting-house. He was the only one of his family who came to this country. He was a Scotch-Irish Presbyterian. BIOGRAPHICAL. 823 He was a noted hunter, and was one of the early explorers of what is now the town of Farmington. His house, a l^lock-house, stood a lit- tle west of where Mr. James Wilson's house now stands. His third son, I'hoinas, was in the English navy in the Revolution, and died in consequenee of wounds received in action. He \nw\ have l>een im- pressed into the British service, but the belief has always prevailed in the family that he entered it voluntarily. WOODSIDE, REVEREND JAMES. Reverend James AV'oodside was a clerg3'man of the Church of Eng- land. According to a statement in the Pejepscot Papers, he, with his son William, arrived in this country prior to the j'ear 1714. He remained at Falmouth with his family, and his son came to this town and took charge of the block-house at Maquoit in 1714. If the fore- going statement is correct, he must have returned to Ireland again, as he certainly left the latter country in 1718, as is shown b}' the follow- ing cop3' 1 of a petition of James Woodside to the king, 2oth June, 1723.: — "To THi: KiN'os Most Exci-.i.lkvt Majksty ix Couxcicl : — "THE HLTMULE MEMORIAL & PETITION OF .TAMES WOODSIDE, LATE MINISTER OF THE GOSPEL AT BRUNSWICK IN NEW ENGLAND "SlIEWETH, " That he with 40 Famil3-s, consisting of above IGO persons did in the year 1718 einbarque on a ship at Deny Lough, in Ireland, in order to ICrect a Colony at Casco Bay, in 3'our Maj't^'s Province of Main in Xew England. " That being arrived they made a settlement at a place called b}'' the Indians Pejipscot, but b^' them Brunswick, within 4 miles from Fort George, where (after he had laid out a considerable sum upon a Garrison House, fortifyed with Palisadoes & two large Bastions, had also made great improvements & laid out considerabh* for the benefit of that Infant Colony) the Inhabitants were surprised b}' tlie Indians who in the month of Jul}' 1722 came down in great numbers to mur- der j-our ^Majesty's good subjects there. " That upon this surprise the Inhabitants naked & destitute of pro- visions run for shelter into your Pet'rs House (which is still defended by his sons) where thej' were kindl}' received, provided for & pro- tected from the Rebel Indians. * Obtained by Reverend Doctor Woods from the Rolls Office in London. 824 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARP SWELL. " That the sd. Indinns being happih' prevented from murdering 3-our Majesty's good subjects (in revenge to your Pet'r) presently kiil'd all his Cattel, destroying all the moveables & provisions the}' could come at, & as ^'our Pet'r had a very considerable stock of Cattel he & his family were great sufferers thereby, as may appear 1iy a Cer- tificate of the Governour of that Province, a cop}- whereof is hereunto annexed. Your Pet'f therefore most humbly begs that, in regard to his great undertaking, his great losses & sufferings, the service done to the publick in saving the lives of many of Your Maj'tys subjects, the unshaken loyalty & undaunted courage of his sons, who still defend the sd. Garrison, Your Majesty in Councel will be pleased to provide for him, his Wife & Daughter, here, or grant him the post of Mr. Cummins, a searcher of ships in the Harbour of Boston, N. England, latel}' deceas'd, so that his family reduc'd to very low cir- cumstances may be resettled & his losses repair'd where they were sustain'd. " & Your Pet'r shall ever pray &c. " I do hereb}' certifie that the Rev'd Mr. Woodside went over from Ireland to New England with a considerable number of people, that he & they sate down to plant in a place called Brunswick in the East- ern Parts of New England, where he built a Garrison House, which was the means of saving the lives of many of his people in the late Insurrection of the Indians in July last That his generosity' is taken notice of by both Doctors Mathers &, that the Indians cutt off all his Cattle, whereby he & his family are great sufferers. " Copia vera. " Samuel Siiute. "London, June 25, 1723." In 1719 the proprietors united with the inhabitants, and in a joint letter in\ited him to preach six mouths on probation. The proprietors also provided that the house of Mr Baxter should be made habitable for Mr. Woodside. This house was on lot number six, on the south- east corner of Maine and Green Streets. During his period of probation Mr. Woodside did not give perfect satisfaction, although he had some strong friends. At the expiration of the six months, how- ever, the town voted •'• to continue him the same length of time again, provided those who were dissatisfied with his conversation can, by treating him as becomes Christians, receive such satisfaction from him as that they will hear him preach." The majority of the settlers were opposed to him. however, aud he only preached three months longer, BIOGRAPHICAL. 825 not being, it is said, puritanical enough. He returned to England soon after leaving this town, and it is thought that his son James fol- lowed him. Soon after his return he sent his portrait over to his son Wilham. It bears date "1726, by Gibson." Mr. Woodside corre- sponded with his son William for some j^ears afterwards, though the latest date is now unknown, as is also (to the writer) the date of his death. WOODSIDE, CAPTAIN" WILLIAM. Captain Woodside obtained command of the Block House at Maquoit in 1714, according to one account, but not until 1726 according to another statement.^ He was commissioned as lieutenant, but after- wards was made a captain. He bought a lot on what is called Whar- ton's Point, from its original owner, Thomas Wharton. He afterwards purchased the first of the regular lots laid out by the proprietors, towards the falls. He was a large, well-built, though somewhat corpulent, stout, active, and energetic man. The Indians, it is said, stood in fear of him. He was a trader with the Indians, and, it is alleged, usually got the best of a bargain with them. Esquire Woodside, as he was usually called, was with the expedi- tion to Louisburg in 1750. He received a commission as chaplain from Lord Loudoun. There are many anecdotes concerning him, which are current to this day. He had a number of encounters with the Indians, but always managed to escape, and sometimes inflicted a severe punishment upon those who attempted to molest him. He wore, as was the fashion at that time, a large three-cornered hat. " Early one Sunday morning he went, against the remonstrance of a number in the garrison, to a turnip-yard which he had a short dis- tance north from his house, on the road. The people in the garrison were suspicious that there were Indians about, because the dogs had been barking all night. When he got to the turnip-3'ard he put his hand on the fence and jumped over, and there were a number of In- dians concealed under the fence upon the lookout for him. He got back over the fence as quick as he could. The Indians pursued him, but he outran them, and when they found they could not catch him they fired at him, but his life was preserved while he received two or three balls through his hat. " Another time, when the Indians appeared friendly, he went into the wood to cut timber. Darkness overtook him before his return. When ^ " Gleanings," in Brunswick Telegraph, by McKeen. 826 HISIORY OF BRUNHWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. he arrived near home he came upon some Indians by surprise. They professed to be \qyj glad to see him, and tried to detain him so ear- nesth" that he was suspicious that there was some mischief going on. He went to the garrison and found all well. He then went to his barn and there found an Indian setting fire to his hay-mow. He caught him, gave him man}' severe blows on the side of the head with his fist, and left him, as he supposed, dead. In the morning he went out, and found that b3' some means he had been taken awaj'." ^ Captain Woodside died in 17G4. His will was written by Master George Harwood, and his son-in-law, Deacon Samuel Stanwood, was the executor. 1 Pejepscot Papers. FAMILY HISTORIES. 827 CHAPTER II. FAMILY HISTORIES. EXPLANATORY NOTE. In the following pages will be found a brief account of the origin and settlement here of some of the older families of these towns. Nothing further than this has been attempted. To bring the gene- alogy of so many families down to the present generation would involve a vast amount of labor, and would, of itself, make a volume. For the same reason it has been found necessaiy to limit the number of fami- lies mentioned by including those onl}' who settled somewhere in these towns prior to the year 1800, and whose descendants are still living in this immediate vicinit}'. The list of families mentioned does not, how- ever, include all who came here previous to l.SOO, as there are some such families concerning which sufficient information could not be obtained without the devotion of more time and labor to the work than the authors could afford. In some cases the omission is clue to the fact that members of the family, to whom application for information was made, have failed to make any response to the request. The following abbreviations are used : — abt. — about. dan. — daughter. b. — born. m. — married. d. — died. s. — single. ch. — child or children. (Biog.) — see Biographical sketch. bap. — baptized. wf. — wife. ANDERSON. Accordiug to traditiouary accoimls, Jacob Anderson came from Dimgan- uou, the home of the O'Neils, iu Ulster County, of Tyroue, Ireland. He emigrated to this country somewhere about the year 1710. He settled for a short time near Old Orchard, but soon moved to that portion of Freeport known as Flying Point. He built a block-house there and became a farmer, and somewhat noted Indian fighter during the French war. The Cumberland Registry of Deeds shows the sale to him of portions of the Dummer claim 828 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. iu (then) North Yarmouth, and the adjacent islands' off Flj'ing Point by Jere Powell, Epes Sargent, Tiniothj' Prout, and Abraham Pettengill, at various dates from March, 1759, to March, 17G4. Jacob Anderson, son of the above Jacob, was b. in Freeport. He left there to join Washington's army at Cambridge the next morning after the news of the battle of Lexington readied Maine. After the close of the war of the Revolution, he removed to Brunswick, and cleared a farm lying between the Woodside and Ross farms, on the main road from Brunswick to Freeport. His son, Martin Anderson, was born on the farm above mentioned in 1789. Subsequently to 1812 he removed to Freeport, and from there to Bath. He died at the house of his son, Reverend M. B. Anderson, D. D., Rochester, N. Y., Dec, 7, 1875. BABBIDGE or BARBIDGE. James Barbidge, orBABBiDGE, a husbandman residing at North Yarmouth, was born about 1G97, at Uft'culme, Devonshire, England, and was a son of James and Prudence Babbidge, wliose other children Avere a dau., Tampson, who m. John Brumfield, and sons Peter, Courtney, and William. ( From "Dep- osition of James Barbidge, of North Yarmouth, Maine, 1730.) (N. E. H. & G. Reg. Vol. 13.) The Harpswell town records contain the record of the death of a James Babbidge, August 11, 17G4, aged 78. He was therefore born 1686. It is not improbable that he is the James alluded to as haviug been born in 1697, and that a mistake has been made in one or the other statement. A CouRTNKV Babbidge m. 1st, Sai'ah, dau. of James Bibber, abt. 1754. They had ch. Sarah, h. No. Yarmouth, 1756; WiUiam,h. Harpswell, 1758; Stephen, b. 1760; Conrtney, b. 1761; Betty, b. 1763; Susanna, b. 1766. He m. 2d, Abigail, dau of Wm. Booker; ch., WiViam, b. 1769. BAILEY. Deacon Timothy Bailey, of Hanover, Mass., was a descendant in the 3d generation of John, of Scituate. He m. 1st, Sarah Buck, May 27, 1731, who d. Oct. 9, 1740 He m. 2d, Hannah Curtis, June 9, 1742, and with his wife was recommended to the church in North Yarmouth He settled on Bailey's Island, then a part of North Yarmouth. Ch. — Olive, b. May, 1735, d. May 26, 1736; Timothy, b. June, 1737, d. young; Sarah, b. March 13, 1739; ch. by second wife were : — Delight, h. June 12, 1745; Olive, bap May 15, 1748: Timothy, bap. Oct. 13, 1757. BARST0W.2 " Barstow, — Naburn Hall, York, Ermine on a ferre sable, three crescents, or, crest, a horse's head, couped or." This family came from the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. Four Ijrothers of this name came early to this country and settled at Cambridge, Watertown, and Dedham. Their names were George, Michael, John, and ' These islands are the Middle Brother, UpperBrother, and Sow and Pigs. "^See History of Hanover, pp. 208 to 227. FAMILY HISTORIES. 829 William. Of the male dcsceuclauts but one (James) is known to have settled in this vicinity. Mary, dau. of Joshua, b. in Hanover, Mass., in 1743, m. a Curtis, and settled at Harpswell Neck. James Barstow, son of Joshua, was b. in Hanover, Mass., Oct. 8, 1744, and ni. Agnes, daughter of Wm. Wyer, of Boston, and settled in Harpswell, and was the ancestor of all of that name in this vicinity, and d. Feb. 17, 1827. Ch. were: — Elizabeth, b. 1777; Joshua, b. 1781; Willinm, b. 1784; Eob' rt, b. 1785 ; Agnes, b. 1788. BERRY. Joseph Berry was b. at New Meadows, Brunswick, Sept. 26, 1740. His parents had previously resided at "Berry's Mills" in Bath, then called Georgetown. Nothing has been obtained as regards his ancestors. He m. 1st, Feb. 17G7, Jane, the second dau. of Capt. Adam Hunter, of Topsham ; 2d, Jennett, a dau. of Deacon James Henry, the cooper of Topsham. Ch. were by first wife, — Adam, b. Jan. 25, 1769, unmarried. Was lost at sea, date unknown; Jostph, b. about 1772, unmari'ied, d. in 1810. By 2d wife: — Jenny , m. CrLspus Graves, date of birth and death unknown; John, b. , ra. a Simpson, d. in Demerara, March IS, 1803 ; Hannah, d. in infancy; Bohert, b. April 28, 1786, single; was drowned at Cathauce, May 17, 18.j5; liiifas, b. May 25, 1789, — nothing else known; Josiah, b. March 22, 1792; single, drowned near Seguin, Sept. 27, 1817, as he was coming from Portland in a small boat; Harvey, b. Sept. 19, 1798, — nothing else known. Joseph Beriy, either prior to or after his marriage, settled in Topsham. During the last Indian war he is said to have been captured by the Indians and carried to Canada It appears from an entry in the office of the Registry of Deeds that Dec. 28, 1768, he received of James Hunter one hundred acres of the N. W. parts of lots Nos 30 and 31 in Topsham. He was one of the Committee of Correspondence and Safety in 1785. BISBEE.i The common ancestor of all of this family in New England was Thomas Besbidge, as the name was formerlj^ called and spelled. He came from England in the spring of 1634. He is known to have had three children, viz. : Elisha ; Alice, who m. John Bourne ; Mary, who m. William Brown of Sudbury. Oliver Bisbee, of the sixth generation from Thomas, was b. in Duxbury, Mass., June 10, 1762 He was a ship-carpenter. He m. 1st, Huldah Simmons, of Duxbury, and, prior to 1790, he moved to Brunswick and settled at New Meadows. His ch. was, by 1st wf. : — Huldah, b. Oct 4, 1791, m. Edward Mclutire. He m. for 2d wife. Persis Simmons, a sister of his 1st wf., Sept. 22, 1792. Ch. were : — Bufus, b. Jan. 12, 1792 ; Studley, b. July 10, 1795 ; Hannah, b. April 18, 1797, single; William, b. July 4, 1799, m. Hannah Prior; Aaron, b. Oct. 10, 1802, m. Nancy Conley ; Seth, b. Sept. 27, 1804, m. Maria Larrabee ; Sarah, b. Aug. 3, 1806, m. James Tebbetts. Charles Blsbee, Jr., of the sixth generation from Thomas, was b. in 1757, and m. Desire Diugley, of Marshfleld. He was a jeweller and watch repairer, ' For full genealogy see Bisbee Family Records. 830 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. and worked some time at his trade in Brunswick. He subsequent!}' moved witli his family to Indiana, wliere he d. June 11, 1833. BOOKER. This famil)' is of English origin, the name being quite common in England. John Booker came from England about 1707 and settled at York. It is probable that he was accompanied by a brother who settled further east. He m. Hester, dau. of Thomas Adams of York, by whom he had eight ch., in York, between the years 1713 and 1728. James Booker, the sixth ch. of John of York, was b. Dec. 18, 1723. He m., in York, Mercy Young, dau. of Benaiah Young, Nov. 11, 1747, and settled on Harpswell JS'eck, near the old meeting-house, soon after his maiTiage. He was a deacon of the Congregational Church and was a selectman in 17G2. He ran a freighting vessel from Harpswell to Boston and the intermediate ports, carrying largel^^ wood and bringing east general merchandise. Pie was the progenitor of the Bookers now residing in Brunswick and vicinity. Ch. were: — James, h.DQC. 2o, 1748 0. S. ; Jotham, b. Julj^ 3, 1750 O. S. ; Buth and Joseph, b. May 27, 1753, N. S. ; Miriam, b. June 23, 1755; Daniel, b. Nov. 14, 1756; Mercy, b. May G, 1758; Daniel, b. Feb. 25, 17G0; Isaiah, b. Jan. 5, 17G2; William, b. Oct. 9, 1763; Ester, b. Nov. 21, 1765. CHASE. The first of this name to whom reference has been found was Ji'dah Chase, who settled in Brunswick a])out 1752. He was the ancestor of the Brunswick family of that name. His wife's name was Margaret. He d. in 1804. Ch. were : — Anne, b. Mch. 3, 1753 ; James, b. Mch. 23, 1755 ; 3Iari/, b. Aug. 5, 1757 ; Isaac, b. Aug. 27, 1759; William Vincent, b. Nov. 2, 1761; Anthony, b. Oct. 2, 17G3; Judah, b. Nov. IG, 1765; Margaret, b. Nov. 7, 1767; Nathaniel, b. Jan. 17, 1770; Jean, b. Apr. 18, 1772. CLARK. Samuel Clark and his wife Martha were both born in Ireland, but may have been m. in Boston. He settled at Middle Bay, Brunswick, about 1739. He was a deacon in the First Parish Church in BrunsAvick. Ch. were: — Jo/in, b. Dec. 11, 1730; 31ary, b. Nov. 1, 1732; liobert, b. April 18, 1735; iSamuel, b. May 22, 1737; Nathan, b. July 2, 1739; Margaret, b. Aug. 1, 1741; James, b. May 19, 1745; David, b. Mch. 29, 1748; Nathan, b. Feb. 5, 1751 ; John, b. Oct. 27, 1754. COOMBS. The name of the fother of the first of the family who came to this vicinity has not lieeu ascertained ; but he was a Frenchman, who settled first in Plym- outh County, and subsequently lived in Newburj'port. He is known to have had children, — Peter, Anthony, and John. Peter Coombs came to Bruuswick about 1730, and settled first on Howard's Point, a short distance below the Bartlett Adams place. He afterwards moved to the Freeman Gross Place (near Harding's Station), where he remained to his death. Ch. : — George, Peter, Samuel, and Caleb. FAMILY HISTORIES. 831 Conceruing Anthony Coombs nothing- is known, except that he settled on the James Larrabee Place. John Coombs settled on Great Island, Harpswell, and was the grandfather of Elisha, Anthony, John, and Isaac. CURTIS.i Arms : Arg. a chev. sa. betw. thi'ee bulls' heads, cabossed, gu. Crest : A unicorn pass or betw. four trees ppr. The Curtis family are descended from an ancient English family settled in the counties of Kent and Sussex. William Curtis, the ancestor of nearly all of that name in New England, came over in the Lion in 1632. David Curtis, of the third generation from William, m. Bethia Sprague, of j^<' Duxbury, Dec. 14, 1732. Moved to Harpswell about 1744. He was the ances-""^' -^ tor of all the name in this vicinity. Ch. were (b. in Hanover, Mass.) : — Nelie- miah, b. 1733; Eztkiel, b. 1735; Paul, b. 1737; 3Iichael, b. 1739; David, b. 1741; liuth, b. 1743. GUSHING. The ancestor of all of this name in this vicinity was Matthew, who, with his wife Nazareth, his sons Daniel, Jeremiah, Matthew, and John, his daughter Deborah, and his wife's sister, Francis Ricroft, widow, sailed from Grave- send, April 26, 1638, in the ship Diligent, and arrived in Boston, Aug. 10. Caleb Cushing (see Biog.), s. of Timothy, was b. in Cohasset, Mass., April 2, 1777; came to Brunswick in Sept., 1797. He m. in 1801, Mary Dunning, dau. of John Dunning. She d. Nov. 13, 1808. He m. again, Dec. 5, 1814, Dolly Owen, dau. of Philip Owen. She d. in Augusta, April 29, 1865, aged 78 yrs. He d. April 14, 1838. Ch. were : — Buf us lung, b. July 23, 1802; Louis TiU'ston, b. .Tune 24, 1804; Francis Dunning, b. Jan. 20, 1807; John Schicartkin, b. Sept 12, 1808. It is said to be a curious fact that through the whole genealogic line of the Cushing family a strict adherence to Scripture Christian names has been observed, and that the first middle name occurring since 1638 was that of the oldest son of Caleb. DOUGLAS. " In the year of our Lord 770, in the reign of Solvathious, king of Scotts, one Donald Bane of the Western Isles, having invaded the Scotch territories and routed the royal army, a man of rank and figure came seasonably with his friends and followers to the king's assistance; he renewed the battle, and obtained a complete victory over tlie invader. The king, being desirous to see the man who had done him so signal a piece of service, he was pointed out to him, by his color or complexion in these words of the old Gallic or Celtic language, — SholtoDu Glas, in English " Behold that black or swarthy colored man," from which he was named Sholto the Douglas. The king royally rewarded his great services, and gave him a grant of several lauds and large possessions in the County of Lanark, which were called Douglas ; and from hence came the surname of the family." (From " Scottish Peerage.") 1 he first of the name in New England is said to have been John Douglas, who was b. in Scotland about 1695. At the age of 12 he was kidnapped by the ' See History of Hanover, Mass. 832 HISTOEY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPS WELL. crew of a man-of-war, aud brought to Boston. He m. and settled iu Middle- borough, Mass. Children were: — Elijah, John, and Oi'orge. Elijah Douglas, s. of the above-named John, was b. in Middleborough in 1720. He married (1st) April 27, 1742, Phebe Taylor, she died about 1749. He m. (2tl) Elizabeth, dan. of Edward and Patience Estes, of Harpswell. Soon after the death of his first wife, in 1750, Elijah, with two sons, moved to Maine, and bought with Benj. Wiuslow one lialf of New Damariscove Island, iu Casco Bay, then a part of North Yarmouth, but now belonging to the town of Harpswell. The deed bears date Jan. 30, 1750-1. He subse- quently bought a fivrni of Mary Hais, on Merriconeag, and built a log-house near what is known as Hais Brook. The farm is now owned by Henry Merry- man. He engaged in shipping wood from Birch Island to Boston. He is said to have been the first of the name to join the society of Friends, having united with them at Falmouth, June 29, 1754. In 1775 he removed to Royalsborough, now Durham. He d. iu 1814, aged 94. Ch. by first wife were: — Daniel, b. 1747; and Cornelius, b. Middle- borough, Mass., Sept. 12, 1749. Ch. by second wife were : — Joseph, b. in Harps- well, April 8, 1753, — an eminent minister of the Friends, — d. in Durham, Dec. 22, 1821; Job, b Oct. 9, 1754; Israel, b. July 17, 1756; Sarah, b June 13, 1759, m. Benj. Doughty, of Brunswick; Patience, b. Mch 24, 17G1; Mary, b. July 10, 17(;3, m David Booker, of Harpswell; Elijah, b. June 23, 17C8; John, b. Nov. 8, 1774. DUNLAP. Rkv. Robert Duxlap (see Biog. ), the ancestor of all the Brunswick Dun- laps, Avas b. in Ireland, in the county of Antrim, Aug. 1715, came to America, 173G, aud to Brunswick, 1747. He m. Jane Allison, who was b. 1711, and d. in Brunswick, Mch 31, 1797. His mother's maiden name was Nelson. The family is of Scotch-Irish descent. Ch. were: — John, b. in Dracut, June 19, 1737; Elizabeth, b. in Nobleboro', in 1742, m Deacon Andrew Dunning; Samuel, b. iu Boothbay, in 1745, d. in Brunswick, July 28, 183G; Robert, b. in Newcastle, in 1747, was shipwrecked and lost on Hampton Reach, Dec. 25, 1776; Jane, b. in Brunswick, in 1749; Hugh, b. in 1751. Robert Dunlap, the ancestor of the Topsham Dunlaps, came from Ireland aliout 1730, when his son John, his only son, was nine years of age. Other ch. were: — Jane, m Daniel Eaton, Brunswick; Margaret, m. James Potter, the eldest. DUNNING. Andrew Dunning, the ancestor of all the Dunnings in this vicinity, and, it is believed, of all the family in the State of Maine, came from Ashburton, county of Devonshire, England, in 1717. He landed at Georgetown, Maine, where he remained a short time, and came to Brunswick the same year aud settled at Maquoit on the lot recently occupied by master Samuel Dunning and now owned by Patrick McManus. He brought with him his wife, whose maiden name was Susan Bond, antl five sons, who wei'e all b. before he emi- grated to this country. Ch. were : — William, settled in Yoi-k, Me ; David, b. 1705, settled iu Brunswick Village; Andreio, b. abt. 1702 and Robert, who were killed l)y Indians while crossing Androscoggin River; James, b. 1691, lived in the homestead at Maquoit. FAMILY HISTORIES. 833 The Harp.swell Dnnuings descended from William of York, whose sons Andrew and Benjamin moved to Harpswcll a short time previous to the incorporation of the town. Some members of the Dunning family claim that Andrew left a son in England named John, Avho had a son John, who became a celebrated lawyer and was made Lokd Ashbukton. Others say that there is no evidence that Andrew left a son in England. There is some probability, however, that Lord Ashburtou belonged to the same English family, and it is not at all unlikely that he was a grandson of a brother of Andijew. He left a large estate, supposed to be valued at .$50,000,000, which, it is said, still awaits an heir male. EATOK This family is of English origin, but the connection with the first settlers of the name, in this country, has not been traced. Reveukxd Elisha E.vtox (Biog ) was b. in 1702. He m. Mrs. Catharine [Belcher] Clough, moved to Harpswcll, and was settled as pastor of the church in that place in 1754. He d. in Harpswcll, .\pril 22, 1764. Ch wei'e : — Elisha, b. Sept. 12, 1732, d. in Boston; Samuel (Biog.) b. in Randolph, Apr. 3, 1737; 3Ianj, b. Dec. 1, 1738; Elizabeth, b. May 9, 1740; Hmnah, b. May 30, 1742; Thadd'Vf!, b. Apr. 1, 1744, d. in infancy. The daughters lived and died in Harpswell. The Harpswell family of Eatons is a distinct family, or at least a distinct branch from the Brunswick family. SAi\ruEL Eaton, the ancestor of the Brunswick family of this name, came to Brunswick from Salisbury, Mass., early in tlie last century, and built a house on what is now the southern corner of Bank and Maine Streets, where the billiard saloon stands. He had two ch. and perhaps more. One of his ch., Samuel, was a soldier in Fort George in 1722. He was the one sent to George- town with a letter to Capts. Harmon and Moody. The letter was tied in his hair. When it was not safe by land he took to the water and swam. The other son, Moses, was taken prisoner in June, 1722, cruelly mutilated, and carried to Pleasant Point, where the Indians killed him. ELLIS. This family is of English origin, but we are unable to trace its connection with the first settler of the name in this country. Caleb Elt.is, of Cambridge, Mass., was the father of John, who was b. in Cambi'idge in 1727. Rev. John' Ellis, son of Caleb, was graduated at Harv. Coll. in 1750. He was ordained at Norwich (Franklin), Conn., Sept. 5, 1755. He was a chap- lain in the Revolutionary armj'- all through the war. He was installed at Rehoboth, Mass., Mch. 30, 1785. He Avas dismissed in 179G, and returned to Norwich, whei'e he d. Oct. 19, 1805. Rev. Jonathan Ellis, son of Rev. John, was b. in Franklin, Conn., April 11, 1762, settled in Topsham in 1784. He m. in 1790 Mary, dau. of Robert Fulton, of Topsham. She d. in Upper Stillwater, Maine, Mch. 11, 1860, aged 91 years less one week. The date and place of his death are both unknown. Ch. were : — Samuel Deane, b. Aug. 17, 1791, sailed from Bath in 1810, 53 834 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. entered British navy and was never heard from; Mary, b. April 9, 1703, m. Charles White in 1839, d. Oct. 26, 185G; Bethiah, b. Feb. 24, 1795, m. in 1^21 to Chas. White, d. Dec. 20, 183(J ; John, b. Feb. 10, 1797, sailed from Boston, Oct. 2, 1815, and was never heard from; Daniv/, who m 1st, Thomas Buckminstcr, of Saco, m. 2d, Dr. Shannon, of Saco, and d. at Passa- dumkeag, of croup, in Jan. 1834; Abigail, who m. William Tate; Jane, who m. Jonathan Marston, of Monmouth; Lebecca, who m. Robert McLellan, of Gorham ; Hugh, who m. Lucy Green (sister of Nathaniel and Gardner Green) ; Itachel,vi\\o d. single; William, \y\iO was a sea-captain; Margaret, who m. 1st, Joseph Swett, and 2d, Noah Melcher. PENNELL. Thomas Pennell fcUd two of his brothers came to America from the Isle of Jersey, in the English Channel, about the year 1740. They are supposed to have descended from a Huguenot family, Avho fled from France on account of religioias persecution. It is said that these three brothers were orphans who had some property in England, and were sent here by their uncle, who had charge of the property, under pretence of giving them an education, and that the}' landed at Scituate, Mass., without any money. After stopping there awhile they moved to York, and from there to Capisic (near Portland), where Thomas and one of his brothers bought, each, a farm. Thomas is said to have lost his on account of an incumbrance upon it when he purchased it. The brother who bought a farm there also remained, and his descendants are scattered over Gray, Westbrook, Portland, and neighboring towns. The other brother went to Kingston, Canada, where his descendants are to be found. Thomas m. Rachel Riggs. He moved from Capisic to Gorham, and afterwards, in 1760, to New Meadows, Brunswick. He d. Nov. 12, 1812. Ch. w^ere : — Matthew, b, in Capisic, 1748, d. in Portland, 1817 ; Thomas, Jacob, John, !^tephen, and several daughters, one of whom m. a Mr. Ham, whom she survived, and afterwards m. James Merryman, of Harpswell. PERRY. The ancestor of at least one of the families of this name now residing in Brunswick was N.^thaniel Perky, who emigrated from England about 1680. His son John, of Rehoboth, Mass., Avas b. in 1770. John Perry, grandson of the John named above, was b. in Rehoboth, Dec. 3, 1772. In 1798 moved to Brunswick. He m. in 1802, Jane, dan. of Col. AYm. Stanwood. He d. in Bangor, March 18, 1846. Ch. were : — John A. ; Octavia Jane ; Isabella Hunt ; Martha Stanwood ; William Stanwood ; Hannah L. W. ; Jesse Appleton. PETERSON". The name of the first American ancestor of this family has not been ascer- tained. The earliest known was Joseph Peterson, of Duxburj^ Mass., whose son Jonathan d. in 1750. John Peterson, grandson of Jonathan above named, and the ancestor of all of the name in this vicinity, came to Brunswick about 1783, and settled at New Meadows. His wife's name was Sarah. They lived in the house now occu- pied by Bartlett Adams. He kept a store in the building opposite, and also 848 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, T0PSIIA3T, AND HARPSWELL. in a building near the river. He built vessels, had a mill, and was one of the most enterprising citizens of the time. All of his children but the last three were b. in Duxbury. Ch. were: — Jahii, b. July 30, 17(57; Levi, b. Nov. 7, 1769; James, born Dec 30, 1771; Nanoj, b. Mch. 20, 1774; Charles, b. Aug. 20, 1776; Hcwctt, b. Sept. la, 1778; Sarnh, b. Jan. 20, 1781; Daniel, b. Oct. 28, 1783; Abif/ail, b. in Brunswick, Sept. 17, 1786; William, b. Mch. 4, 1789; Liiei/, b. April 27, 1791. POTTER. The name of the ancestor of the Potter famil}' in this vicinity has not been ascertained. He had three sons, William, James, and Alexander, who all set- tled in Topsham, about 1740. AViLM.'VM Potter m. Catherine Mustard (tradition says). She afterwards m. Edward Cunningham, of Bovvdoiu. He was killed by the Indians in 1747. Ch. were : — James, called the second ; Alexander, who m. a lady by the name of Snipe, of Georgetown; John; David, who m. Ruth, dau. of Caleb Curtis, of Ilarpswell; Samuel, who was drowned; Josej^h, Avho lived at Moose Island, Eastport; Matthew, whom. Isabel Heddrean, Sept. 1787; William. Jamks Pottku settled on Lot No. 41, in Topsliam. Ch. were: — William, who lived in Litchfield ; John, who also lived in Litchfield ; Samuel, b. in 1746, m. April 21, 1778, Elizabeth Dunlap, and d. about 1800; Heioeij, who lived in Gardiner; Joseph, \\\\o lived in Ohio; James, ^^•\\o m. April 8, 1784, Jenny Mallet; Andreiv, wlio lived in Gardiner; Christian, who m. Jan. 6, 1777, Eben- ezer Dunlap, of Litchfield; EUzaheth, who m. Nov. 26, 1782, James Dunlap ; Jane, who m. April, 1787, Nathaniel Marston, of Gardiner. Ai.EXANDEii Potter b. in 1711, d. April 14, 1800. Ch. were: — Alexander, who m. in 1782, Abigail, dau. of Ezra Randall; Mary, who m. April 18, 1777, Hatherby Foster, of Georgetown ; Jrt/«^, b. in Topsham, Dec. 11, 1743, m. John, son of William Rogers. PUKINTON. Humphrey Purinton came from Cape Cod, about the time of the last Indhui war, to the New Meadows River, settling on the Bath side, near the present railroad bridge. His ch. were all born before he came here. They were : — Nathaniel, b. 1731 (or 1736) ; Abial, who m. Brig. Sam'l Thompson; Joshua, who lived in Bath; Hezekiah ; James, h. in Truro, Mass., April 9, 1742; Hnmphrei/. He was the ancestor of all the name in this vicinity who spell the name as above. RANDALL. William Randall emigrated from Bristol, England, and settled in Scituate, Mass., about 1660. He was the father of Joseph, who Avas the father of Benjamin. Ezra Randall, son of Benjamin above named, settled in Topsham, but afterwards moved to Bovvdoinhara. He is called a shipwright in a deed to him dated Oct. 15, 1761, fi'om Jacob Eaton, of a lot numbered 18, in the town plau.i May 7, 1762, he also bought lots 13, 14, 15, and 16, of Michael Mal- * Lincoln Registry Deeds, Lib. 1, p. 144. FAMILY HISTORIES. 849 colra of Georgetown, aud Maj- 14, 1762, he sold lots 13 and 14 to his brother Paul.^ June 4, 1766, he sold to liis brother William fifty acres of laud.'' He is said to have been addicted to drinking liquors, and to have soon squan- dered his property. He m. Margaret . He d. in Bowdoinham, aged 88. Ch. \vei*e : — Isaiah, b. Nov. 4, 1772; John, b. Feb. 24, 1769; Nabbtj, who m. John Mustard, Jan. 22, 1778; Joseph, who ni. Martha Reed, about 1778; Heatherby, b. Aug. 26, 1766; Ezra, b. Aug. 28, 1764; Margaret, b. Aug. G, 1762, m. Alexander (son of Alexander) Potter, of Bowdoin ; Isaac, b. June 1, 1776; Elizabeth, b. Nov. 28, 1779. Paul Handall, sou of Beujaniin and brother of Ezra, b. in Scituate in 1736 ; settled in Harpswell. He m. Molly MoFarland. Ch. were : — Paul, aud probably others. William Randall, also brother of Ezra, was b. in Scituate, Mass., Jan. 1, 1743. He m. Jane Patteu, to wliom his intention of marriage was published, July 23, 1783. He settled in Topshani, later than his other brothers there. He bought fifty acres of Ezra, and together with Daniel, eighty-five acres of land of his brother Paul, and fifcy acres of Williaiu Tuorue, Jr. (See deeds referred to.) He was one of the selectmen in 1776, and one of the Commit- tee of Correspondence and Safety in 1778 and in 1785. He d. in Topsham, June, 1826. Ch. were : — Jane, b. April 28, 1784, m. James Jameson; WiUiam, b. Aug. 21, 1785, who was father of Elbridge; Benjawin, b. Nov. 14, 1789, graduated at Bowd. Coll. in 1809. Daniel Randall, brother of Ezra, m. a Widow Kemp, and moved to Harpswell, where he d. He bought laud, with his brother William, of Paul, Ezra, and William Thorue. Ch. was : — a dau., who m. Capt. Norton Stover. RAYMOND. Paul Rayimond came from Dorchester, Mass., or vicinity, to Harpswell, previous to 1770. He had ch. : — Edward, b. iu Harpswell, Dec. 5, 1771; m. Lydia Coombs, dau. of Anthony, who came from Dorchester; moved to Brunswick (Growstown), iu 1799. Paul, who m. Abigail, dau. of Wm. Thompson, of HarpsweU. REED. The name of the ancestor of the Reed family, of Topsham aud Harpswell, has not been ascertained, but the family is of Irish descent. Three brothers, David, John, and William, settled iu Topsham about 1731. David Reed m. Anna Rogers (the sister of John who was the father of Hugh). He lived on what is now known as the Willis Sprague farm. He was licensed May 26, 1761, by the Court of Sessions, as an innholder, and also in 1762, '63, '64, '66, '67, and in 1771,- as a retailer, and again as an inn- holder in 1772, '73, and '74. He was a lieuteuaut, under Capt. Actor Patten, at the Penobscot expedition, and was a captain in 1783. He was one of the Committee of Correspondence and Safety in 1776, '81, and '83. He removed to the Penobscot about 1790, aud was oue of the earliest settlers of Stillwater. He is said to have built the first mills there. Ch. were : — Deina, b. July 12, i Opus cit., pp. 187 and 188. 2 Qpiis cit.. Lib. 5, p. 6. 54 850 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 1760; 3Iarii, b. July 8, 17G2; Margaret, b. Aug. 20, 1769; Aima, b. July 22, 1766; Darid, b. Mch. 7, 1769. Jonx Eeed was b. iu Ireland about 1719. He d. Jan. 12, 1795. Ch. were: — John, b. in Ireland about 1747; Jane, who m. Joseph Foster, of Topsham; Martha, who m. Joseph, son of Ezra Randall; Hannah, m. Eobert, son of Rev. James Potter; Charity, who m. 1st, Benjamin, son of Ezra Randall, 2d, a Prescott (who ran off and left her), and, 3d, John Hern, of Ireland, after- wards of Whitefleld; Svsan, Avho d. single. William Reed was b. abt. 1691. His wife's name was Mary. He d. iu July or Aug. 1773. Ch., if any, are unrecorded. RICH. The earliest known ancestor of this family was Richard Rich, a mariner, who went from Dover, N. H., to Truro, Mass., aud was admitted as a freeman in 1681, and d. iu 1692. His son liichard was father of Obadiah. Isaac Rich, sou of Obadiah aud Polly [Cobb] Rich, of Truro, Mass., moved to Harpswell and settled on Great Islaud in 1797, bringing with him a numerous family. He was the ancestor of all of the name iu this viciuitj\ Of his ch., Zaheth, m. Mary, dau. of Capt. Sam'l Snow; Isaac, m. Sarah S. Small, who still survives ; David, m. Betsey Rich, of Truro ; Reuben, settled in West Bath, where his descendants still reside. RIDLEY. James Ridley came from Truro to Harpswell before the Revolution, but precisely when is not known. He m. Mary, dau. of Samuel Small of Truro. Ch. were: — Mark, b. 1757; Daniel, b. 1759; Bachael, b. 1763. ROGERS. William Rogkrs, the ancestor of all of that name in this vicinity, was b. in Ireland. Nothing more than this fact and the names of his children have been ascertained concerning him. Ch .were : — John ; George, who. d. in Freeport ; Thomas, who d. in Georgetown; Hugh, who d.ln Georgetown; William, who d. in Freeport; Ann, whom. Benjamin Kendall; Margaret, who m. Rev. John Miller, of Brunswick ; Robert, who d. iu Phipsburg. John Rogers, son of William, Sen., was b. in Georgetown, June 20, 1746, OS. He m. Jane, dau. of Alexander Potter, of Topsham. He probably moved to Topsham about 1768, as there was a John Rogers there at that time. The last-named was a sea-captain during a portion of his life. He was one of the selectmen in 1790, '91, and '92. He was town clerk in 1797 and '98. Ch. of John and Jane were : — John, b. Aug. 30, 1771, lost his leg in Jan. 1836; Wil- liam, b. June 2, 1773; Jenny, b. Nov. 15, 1775, m. Ephraim Larrabee ; Alexan- der, b. March 13, 1778, moved out West; Dinah, b. April 1, 1781, m. Nahum Houghton; Hugh, b. Feb. 9, 1785, d. April 30, 1867. Alexander Rogers, son of George aud grandson of William, Sen., was b. iu Georgetown in 1754 ; moved to Topsham, but precisel}' when is not known. He m. Margaret [Wilson] Hunter, widow of John Hunter, and settled on the farm which was occupied by the late Hon. George Rogers, and which is now FAMILY HISTORIES. 851 occupied by the family of the late George A. Rogers. He was the father of George aud grandfather of George A. ROSS. The earliest reference to this family which has been found is contained in Vol. I, Me. Hist. Coll., p. 314", where allusion is made to a James Koss, as follows : — " Jamks Koss was born in Falmouth, 1G02, son of James. He was taken pris- oner with his father's family in lG7r), and again in 1G90. He was a shoemaker by trade, and occupied his father's farm, or part of it, at Back Cove. His mother was Ann, the eldest daughter of George Lewis. On his return from his second captivity, he resided at Salem. His father was here [Falmouth], about 1657. He was living in Salem in 1724." lu 1720 a James Ross pur- chased of the Pejepscot proprietors a lot of land in Topsham (probably lot No. 18), and built a house upon it, and resided there for some time. After his death, which was previous to 1761, his heirs sold their rights to the land. (See Line. Co. Reg. Deeds, Vol. I, p. 170.) It is not improbable that this James may have been a son of James of Falmouth, but the connection has not been traced. The first of the family in Brunswick of which we have found any record Avas William Ross, who was b. July 15, 1747. He Avas probably son of William, of Sheepscot. His wife's name was Jennett. She was b. Nov. 12, 1752. Ch. were: — William, b. Nov. 15, 1773; Jennett, b. Aug. 3, 1775; Martha, b. Mch. 27, 1777; Elizabeth, b. Mch. 22, 1777; Anna, b. Oct. 11, 1781; Eobert, b. Oct. 7, 1783; James, b. Mch. 27, 1785; Sarah, b. Apr. 21, 1790. SIMPSON. William Simpsox, the ancestor of all of the name in this vicinity, came from the southern part of Ireland (probably from the county of Clare) about 1735, and bought the farm at Maquoit where Robert Chase lived in 1859. He returned to Ireland and brought back his wife and two daughters, but left one son there. Both of his daughters married and went to Sheepscot. One, Jane, m. a Hopkins, and lived, it is said, to be 102 years old. His wife's name was Agnes. Ch. b. in America were: — William, b. Nov. 17, 1738; Itobert, b. Oct, 30, 1740; Lewis, Josiah, and two other sons. All but Lewis and Josiah settled at Sheepscot. Josiah settled on the homestead. He m. 1st, Elizabeth, dan. of Robert Spear, Jr. ; 2d, a dau. of James Potter. He d. Dec. 25, 1819. Lewis m. Martha Skolfleld. SINNETT. Michael Sinnett, the ancestor of all by that name in this vicinity, was born in an inland town of Ireland. After serving his time as an apprentice, he, in company with one or two fellow-workmen, went to Dublin in search of employment. They had been in Dublin but a few days when, as they were loitering about the wharves, looking at the shipping, which to them was a novel sight, they were accosted by a well-dressed man of pleasant appearance, who, after some conversation, invited them to go down the harbor in a ves- sel which was about to sail, assuring them that they could return with the pilot. They, without suspicion, accepted the invitation. As soon as the 852 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. city was fairlj^ left beliiud, Mr. Sinnett and his conipanious were taken before the captain, who informed tlieni Unit they must go to America with liim, and that I'esistauce would be of no avail. They were thunderstruck, but resolved to make the best of their unlucky situation. When the vessel reached Boston, public notice was given that Sinuett and his companions, having embarked of their own free will, and having no money to pay their passage, would be sold to pay their passage fees. Jbseph Orr, who with his brother Clement had purchased Orr's Island, paid the passage money for Sinnett, and took him home with him and set him at work upon his farm. AVhat beeame of Sinnett's companions we do not know. When Sinnett had served for a length of time sufficient to reimburse Orr for tlie passage-money paid ])y the latter, he was a free man. Soon after gain- ing his freedom, he married a woman whose relatives lived in Hingham, Mass. Mer full name we have been unable to learn, but her Christian name was Mary. Shortly after his marriage, Sinuett went with his wife to what is now Boothbay, where he built a small house and began to clear up a piece of land. By and by a coaster came along, bound for Boston. Mrs. Sinuett thought it a good opportunity for her to visit her relatives, and Mr. Sinnett assuring her that he could got along alone for a few weeks, she concluded to make the journey. She had l)een gone but a few days when a press-gang came ashore and carried him to New York, from whence he was marched, ria the Lakes, to Quebec, to join Gen. Wolfe's army. He continued in the service until after the capture of Quebec, when he was discharged. Moiuitime his wife had returned to their dwelling at Boothbay, and finding it deserted she picked her way, as best she could, to Orr's Island, and told her story to Joseph Orr. He took pity on her, and promised to take care of her. He and she then went in a boat to Boothbay, and brought back to Orr's Island what few things of value were left in the house. When her husband was discharged, he, with others Avho had been impressed into the service, picked their way l)ack to Maine. He came directly to Josepli Orr's, where he found his wife. Mr. Orr then sold to Sinuett thirty acres of land, for which the latter was to pay, and did pay, in days' work. On this lot he built a house, and it stands to-da^^ in good repair, a monument to his industry and perseverance under difficulties. Ch. were : — Stephen, b. 17GG; James, b. 1770. SKOLFIELD. The first of the name of whom there is any knowledge was Thomas Skol- fleld, of England, who was an ofliccr in King William's army in 1690, when King James was driven from Ireland. He was granted a tract of land for his services, and settled in Ireland. He had four ch. :— Thomas, George, Elizabeth, and Susan. Thomas, George, and Susan came to America early in the last century. George settled in Philadelphia. Thomas and Susan settled in Bruns- wick. The latter m. John Orr. Thomas Skolviuld (see Biog.) was b. in Ireland in 1707. He settled in Brunswick on the farm now owned by Peter Woodard. He m. Mary Orr. He d. Jan. 6, 1796. She d. Aug. 1. 1771, aged 57. Ch. yyeve: — Eebecca, b. July 8, 1737; Richard, b. Sept. 6, ]7.'?8; Clement, b. June 1, 1740; ^nne, b. May IS, FAMILY HISTORIES. 853 1742, m. Robert Spear, Jr.; Thomas, b. June 8, 1744, in Brunswick, m. Ann Anderson; Mary, b. Feb. 10, 1748, m. Captain Robert Given; Stephen, b. July 8, 1751; Martha, b. Mch. 19, 1753, m. Lewis Simpson; John, b. June 13, 1755; Jose2)h, b. Mch. 1, 1757; William, h. Aug 27, 1760. SMALL. The ancestor of this fanillj', in Ilarpswell at least, is believed to have been Taylor Small, who was b. in Truro, Mass., and moved to Harpswell, between 1750 and 1755. He m. Thankful, dau. of Thomas Ridley. Ch. were : — Deborah, b. 1743; ThayikfnJ, b. 1745; Taylor, b. 1746; Joseph, b. 1748; David, b. 1750, — all b. in Truro. The following were b. in Harpswell: — Thomas, b. 1755; Samuel, b. 1757; Ephraim, b. 1759; Lydia, b. ll&\;Mark, b. 1763. SMITH. Joseph Smith was one of the early settlers of Brunswick. lie settled at New Meadows iu 1739. His wife's name was Susamiah. Ch. were : — Thomas, b. Feb 22, 1754; Samuel, b. Oct. 10, 1756; Molly, )>. Mch. 22, 1758. Thomas was killed by the Indians wJien fourteen years old, i. e., in 1768. He was going after the cows, and when near the tan-pits the Indians intercepted him. His father saw the Indians and shot one of them. They then shot Thomas, and his father killed another of them. SNOW. Nicholas, Anthony, and William Snow are reported to liave come over early. The two former brought ftimilies. William was an apprentice and set- tled in Duxbury. Anthony settled first at Plymouth, and then, in 1642, in Marshfield. Nicholas, who came over in the Ann in 1623, settled in Eastham. From one of these probably sprang the Snows of this vicinity, but the con- necting links are missing. The ancestor of the Snow family of this vicinity was Isaac Snow, who set- tled in Harpswell early in the last century. His wife's name was Affler. Ch. were: — John, b. July 25, 1734; Isaac, b. May 18, 1736; Elisha, b. March 26, 1739; Joseph, b. Oct. 2, 1740; Ambrose, b. Mch. 20, 1742; Elizabeth, b. Nov. 3, 1743; Samuel, b. Feb. 28, 1745; Mercy, b. Dec. 8, 1751; Hannah, h. Oct. 30, 1756. Samuel, John, and Isaac are said to have once owned all the land on the east side of Great Island, Harpswell, north of where Mark Small now lives. SPEAR. RowijeT Spear, one of the early settlers in Brunswick, was b. abt. 1682. He may have been son or grandson of George, of Braintree, who was made a freeman in 1644. He lived a Utile west of where the old meeting-house stood. His house wa? a garrison, protected by a timber fortification. Mr. Spear is supposed to have m. a Finney. His wife d. in 1781, aged 85 years. He d. in 1763. Ch were: — Robert; William; a dau. who m. John Given; another dau. who m. William Ross. 854 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. SP HAGUE. This family is doubtless clescended from Francis Spraguk, who arrived in this country in 1G23, and settled in Duxhury about 1G32. Capt. JosKi'ii Si-HAGUK cauie to this vicinity from Duxbury in 1787. Set- tled first in Bowdoinham ; moved to Topsham in 17!U or 1792. He was b. in 1757; m. Ruth Hunt, of I)uxl)ury. Ch. -were: — James, b. in Weymouth, Oct. 5, 1783; OnA-man, h. hi Duxbury, Oct. 4, 178(>;' Jo spj^h, b. in Uowdoinham, Au;;:. 16, 1788; Elimhcth, b. in Bowdoinham, Aui;. 1, 1700; linth, b. in Tops- ham, June 29, 1792; Marij, b. Aui,'. 27, 1794; ,Samud, b. Apr. 1, 1796; Willis; David; Frances. STAN WOOD. Ebenezkr Stanwooi), or Staxdwood, as he himself spelled the name, was the ancestor of all of that name in tiiis vicinity, if not of all of the name in the country. He came IVom Ireland, and settled in Brunswick in 1719. He was a lieutenant in the Indian wars, and was a selectman for two years. He was b. about 1695, and d. July 21, 1772. Ch. wvix--. — Da rid, m. Mary Beed, of Topsham; William, b. 1726, ni. Elizabeth l?eed, of Topsham; he d. 1797. Samuel, m. 1st, Jane [Lithj^ow], widow of Jolni McFarland, 2d, Mary Wood- side: he d. 1790; Susan. STAPLES. This family is understood to be of Eni^lish origin. One or more of the name came early to this country. The connection between the first of the mime to settle in '['opsliaiii and those who first came to America has not been traced. Samuel Staples was b. April 19, 1733. He settled in Topsham as early as 1768 and probably earlier. He m., 1st, Sib])el , who was b. Oct. 31, 1737, and d. in 1778. He m^, 2d, Lydia Wells, of Falmouth. Their banns were published July, 1779. Ch. by Sibbel wcvq : —Dorcas, b. Dec. 9, 1783, m. 1st, James, son of Stephen Staples, and, 2d, a Houdlette; Slej^hen, b. Nov. 6, 1756, m. a Coombs, lived and died in Lisbon; ^fanJ, b. Jan. 31, 17G0, m. a Hobbs; Elizabeth, b. July 16, 1762; Sibbel, b. Mch. 23, 1764, m. a AValker; Charitij, h. April 20, 1778. Ch. by Lydia wevp : — Jeremiah, h. June 9, 1780; Winslow, 1). Mch. 30, 1782; Li/dia, b. Mch. 28, 1784, m. James Wain; Eleanor, b. June 4, 1786, m. Dec. 1802, Nathaniel Quint; Lucij, b. Dec. 8, 1789, d. single. Stephen Staples was b. Mch. 27, 1739, settled in Topsham al)out 1758. He ni. 1st, Jude , who was b. Nov. 15, 1738, d. Oct. 6, 1763. He m. 2d, Susannah Hobbs, of Falinoutii, about 1764. Intentions were recorded Aug. 11, 1764, she survived him and m. Johnson Graves. Ch. by Jude were:' — Lucij, b. Nov. 8, 1760 (probably the one pul)lished to Hatevil Laten, Fal- mouth, Jan. 13, 1781); Joseph, b. Aug. 12, 1762. Ch. by Susannah were : — Ephraiiii, b. May 28, 1765, lived in Gray; Anne, b. April 15, 1767, m. Alexan- der Howland, abt. 1787; Jude, b. May 9, 1769, m. George Potter, of Bow- doin; John, b. July 27, 1771 ; Josiah, b. May 2, 1774; Daniel, h. April 19, 1777; James, b. June 2, 1779; Mar;/, h. July 7, 1782, d. single; liobert, b. May 6, 1788, lived in Bowdoinham. FAMILY HISTORIES. 855 STONE. Si.MON Stonk iind liis brother Grkooisy were ainouc: the early settlers of Watertowu, and from them are descended most of the very numerous fami- lies of that name iu New England. Gregory moved to Caml)ridge about 1G37. Bknjamin Stonk and w., llebecca Littlefield, came from Kennebunk iu 1700, and settled iu Brunswick. At first he lived in the fort, afterwards built a large house near the corner of Maine and Mill Streets, which he occu- pied as a tavern. lied. 180G. Ch. were: — Lydia, b. 1758, m. Joseph Holt Ingraham, of Portland; WllUam, b. 17G1, d. at sea, unmarried; Benjamin, b. 17(!;5, m. Klizabetli McLellau, of Portland, d. at sea; James, b. 17(U, m. Han- nah Walker, of Topsham, d. in 1802; liebecca, b. 1706, m. Joseph McLellau, of Portland, moved to Brunswick in 1819, and d. in 1825; John, b. 1708, d. at Brunswick, 1787; Theodore, b. 1770, never m., d. at Baring, Me., in 1839; Daniel, b. 1772, ra. Nancy Hinkley, of Brunswick, d. 1825; Mathias, b. 1774, d. iu Brunswick, 1793; Hannah, b. 1776, m. Joseph E. Foxcroft, of New (Gloucester, d. in 1810; Jotham, b. 1778, m. 1st, Bridget Walker, of Concord, N. 11., 2d, Nancy Whitwell, of Boston, lie d. at Brunswick in 1824. STOVER. (STAFFORD?) John Stovicu, the ancestor of all of that name in Harpswell, was b. in 1709, iu the town of York. It is held as a fanniy tradition, handed down for mauy generations, that when he was niue years old his parents and all his brothers and sisters were killed by the Indians ; that he escaped by hiding under a pile of brush ; that when he was discovei'ed by the whites he had been so terribly frightened that he was not sure of his name, but thought that it was Stafford; and that he was adopted by a family named Stover. (It has been ascertained that two t)rothers named Stafford emigrated from England, one of whom set- tled iu Providence, R. L, and the other iu York, Me.) He m. a dau. of Captain Johnson Harmon. lie moved to Harpswell, probably not later than 1730, and settled on a spot about half-way between the present highway and Norton Stover's ship-yard. He d. about 1786. Ch. were: — John, who d. at home ; Wanton, who settled in Portland; Joseph; AJcott ; Johnson; Abigail, whom. a Varnum, and moved to Bowdoin; Maru, m. a Wheeler, who lived where Robert Stover now does. SWETT. Aims. — Gules, two chevrons between as numy mullets in chief and a rose in base argent, seeded or. CuKST. — A mullet or, pierced azure between two gillyflowers, proper. According to Burke, the Swutk or Swktt family was formerly of Trayne in Edward Vl's time, and subsequently of Oxton, in the county of Devonshire, which furnished many colonists to New England. John Swktt, admitted to the freedom of the Mass. Colony, 18th May, 1642, was one of the grantees of Newl)ury as early as Dec. 7, 1642. John Swktt, probably a descendant of John of Newbury, came to Bruns- wick in 1788. Ch. were : — William; John; and James. 85(! niSTORY OF BHUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. SWIFT. William Swikt was au early settler ou Cape Cod. He d. iu Sandwich in 1642. His descendants ai'e very numerous. Major Lemuel Swift, probably a descendant of William of Sandwich, came from New Bedford, and settled in Brunswick in 1790. He was a hatter by trade, and a major in the militia. He d. June 30, 1820, and was the first person bui'ied in Pine Grove Cemetery (the village burying-ground). Ch. were: — Z»mw, b. Feb. 16, 1791, d. Nov. 1877; 3Iary Jane, b. Sept. 19, 1810; John Liifkin,h. Jan. 1, 1813; Siran Dincen, b. Mch. 3, 1815. SYLVESTER or SILVESTER. Arms. — Ar. an oak tree, eradicated, vert. Crest. — A lion's head, erased, vert. This name appears to be of French origin ; and iu the French language, Sylvestre signifies a tree, whence the coat of arms repreoents an oak-tree in the shield, being a parlant or speaking coat, descriptive of the name. We find the ftimily settled in England not long after the Conquest, and the ancestor probably went over in the army of William, in 1069. Stephen Silvestre was among the gentry of Norfolk. Gabriel Sylvester, D. D., was Prebend of Weeford, Litchfield,' in 1506. The family is highly respectable iu the old countrjs and is numerously represented in the United States. (See Hist, of Hanover, Mass.) The first of the name in New England was Richard, who was of Wej'mouth, 1633, and of Scituate, 1642. William Silvester, of tlie third generation from Richard, was born in Hanover, Mass., Feb. 25, 1708; m. Mary Barstow May 12, 1736. She b. in Hanover, May 20, 1717. In his diary is the following entry : — "May 25, 1762, then we left Hanover and came to Hingham that day shipped our goods on board the Grayhound, Courtney Babbidge, Commander, and we sailed tliat night about 10 o'clock. The 26 day we went ou board. 30 we came to anchor and landed our cattle. 31 we landed our goods and took possession of our house in Harpswell the last day of May." This house was on the lot now (1877) owned by Rev. Elijah Kellogg. Ch. were:— William, b. 1737; Charles, b. 1739; Ilei'cy, b. 1741; Elijah, b. 1744; Isaac, b. 1746; Hannah, b. 1748; Deborah, b. 1751; Marlboro, b. 1753, d. 1829; Huhlah, b. 1755; Barstov.\ b. 1757; Stephen, b. 1759. The four ch. last named came to Harpswell with their parents. Some of the other ch. died young, and others, it is probable, settled somewhere in Mass. Another branch of this family is found in Durham. TARK. This family is prol)ably descended from Richard Tarr, of whom tradition states that he was born iu the West of England about 1660, and settled in Marblehead soon after 1680, where he m. He had a son named William, who m. in 1708, and had several ch- He also had a nephew named AVilliam. Some of this family are known to have moved to Maine. FAMILY HISTORIES. 857 A William Tarr settled on Merricoueag: Neck prior to 1753, and was prob- ablj'^ the ancestor of those now living in this vicinity. He was probably a son of William named above, bnt the connection has not been traced. The earliest record of the ftiniily in the Harpswell town records is the following : — Capt. William Tarr m. a dau. of Josiah Claris of Harpswell. Ch. were : — Bichard, b. 1783 ; William, b. 1785 ; Catherine, b. 1787 ; Betsey, b. 1790 ; Mary, b. 1793 ; Clark, b. 1795. THOMPSON. According to the family tradition three brothers of this name, Ben.tamin, Thomas, and James, came to this conntry from Ireland. Benjamin and James settled in York. Thomas, in 1718, settled in Biddeford. James Thompson, son of the James above mentioned, was b. in Kittery, Feb. 22, '17C7. He came to Brunswick from Biddeford about the year 1739, and settled at New Meadows. He m. 1st, Reliance Hinkley, Apr. 13, 1732. She d. iMay 23, 1751. Ke m. 2d, Mrs. Lydia [Brown] Harris of Ipswich, Dec. 13, 1751. She d. Feb. 10, 1764. He m. 3d, Mary Iliggins, Mch. 22, 1764. She d. May 23, 1790. He d. in Topsham, Sept. 22, 1791. ( h. by first wife : — Elizabeth, b. Mch. 13, 1733, m. Daniel Weed; Samuel (Biog.), b. Mch. 22, 1735, was brigadier-general in the Revolution; James, b. Feb. 7, 1737, d. in infancy; Beliance, b. June 27, 1738, m. James Edgecomb ; Adrian, b. Mch. 29, 1740; liaehel, b. June 3, 1741, m. James Curtis; linth, b. May 27, 1743, m. Daniel Curtis; Aaron, b. May 29, 1745, sailed for Ireland at age of 22, and never heard from ; Isaiah, b. April 17, 1747 ; James, b. May 22, 1750. Ch. by second wife were: — Benjamin, b. Oct. 26, 1753; Jemima, b. Oct. 18, 1755, m. John Ham, son of Tobias Ham; Ezekiel, b. Sept. 16, 1757, ra. Priscilla Purin- ton, of Harpswell ; Sarah, b. Sept. 16, 1760, m. Theophilus Hinkley ; Euth and Barhel, b. Dec. 29, 1763: Rachel d. in infancy; Ruth m. Robert, son of her father's brother, Cornelius Thompson. By reference to the list of early settlers in the Appendix, it will be seen that there were several others of tlie Thompson family who settled at New Mead- ows in the same year. They were probably either brothers or cousins. James and Cornelius were brothers. Alexander Thompson was b. at Arundel Aug. 27, 1757; m. Lydia Wildes, of Arundel, April 8, 17^4. Moved to Topsham in 1785. He d. Feb. 23, 1820, shed. April 8, 1864. Ch. were: — Jane, b. Nov. 7, 1785, m. Maj. Nathaniel Walker; Eunice, b. March 17, 1788, m. Gen. John Wilson; Lydia, b. April 17, 1790, m. Elias Pierce; Hannah, b. June 1, 1792, m. Calvin Fairbanks; John, b. Aug. 11, 1794, m. Mary Mustard; Alpheus B., b. Jan. 24, 1797, m. at Santa Barbara, Francisca Carrillo; 3Iary, b. Apr. 9, 1799, single; Wildes T., b. March 20, 1801, m. Wealthy Robinson; Bixey W., b. May 2, 1803, m. Sarah E. Purinton; Francis A., b. June 27, 1807, m. at Bath. There are other branches of the family in Topsham and Brunswick of which no account has been furnished us. TOOTHAKER. Tradition says the Toothakers were originally Whitakers, and that, ni)on coming to this country, they changed their name in order to avoid being im- 858 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND EARPSWELL. pressed into the British service, they having fled from England, probably on account of religious persecution. The earliest of the name in this vicinity of whom there is any record were Ebenkzeu, Setii, and Axdiiew, who settled in Harpswell about 1737 or 1740. No record of their children has been found. The following, from the Harps- well town records, are the earliest records of this family which we have seen : — GIDEO^f TooTiiAKER, m. Abigail . Ch. were: — Andrew, b. April 10, 1776 : Abigail, b. Nov. 22, 1779 ; William Bodick, b. Feb. 19, 1782. AbramToothaker, m. Mary . Ch. were : — Alexander, b. Sept. 7, 1771 ; Abram, b. March 16, 1774; Elizabeth, b. July 14, 1777; Bebecca, b. June 3, 1783; Isaac, b. Aug. 22, 1785 (the foregoing b. in Harpswell) ; Bebecca, b. in Brunswick, May 2'^, 1789; Jenny, b. June 19, 1792. VEAZIE. This family is probably descended from William Veazie, who was of Brain- tree in 1643. There was, however, a George Veazie in Dover in 1659. Kev. Samuel Veazie came to Harpswell from Nantasket, near Boston, in 1767. He purchased a lot of land on Great Island, adjoining the old meeting-house, cleared it, and built a house upon it. He m. 1st, Deborah Sampson; and 2d, Sarah Jones. He had ch. by 1st wife : — John, who settled in Portland and was father of Gen. Samuel Veazie of Topshara ; /Samuel, settled in Harpswell ; Bebecca, m. Jonathan Ilolbrook ; Deborah, m. Robert Jordan. By 2d wife, he had two ch., both of whom died young. WALKER. The first Anglo-American ancestor of this family has not been, and probably cannot be, determined with certainty. There is, however, little doubt that the family is of English origin. John Walker was admitted a freeman of Mass., Apr. 4, 1634, and Augustine Walker in 1641 ; both settled in Charles- town. Capt. Richard Walker was one of the first settlers of Lynn in 1630; admitted as a freeman in 1634. John Walker, the ancestor of the Walkers of Topsham, was b. in Newing- ton, N. H., in 1692. June 1, 1717, he bought what was known in 1845 as the "Walker Field" in Kittery, where he afterwards resided. He m. Oct. 21, 1717, Mary, dau. of John Bickford, of Newingtou. He d. June 8, 1743. Gideon Walker, son of John, of Newington, was born in Kitterj^ Oct. 12, 1719. He was apprenticed to a tanner in Rowley, Mass. He m. 1st, Hannah Palmer of Rowley, Feb. 3, 1741 ; and 2d, Mrs. Hannah Lossell. In 1741 his fiither bought him a homestead in Arundel (Keunebunkport), where he moved with his first wife in 1745. Gideon Walker, son of Gideon, of Arundel, was b. in Arundel, July 8, 1751. He m. Mary, dau. of Thomas Perkins, of that town, Nov. 2, 1777. She was b. Jan. 16, 1758, andd. Mch. 1, 1845. He moved to Topsham, Dec. 3, 1789, and d. there May 5, 1828. Ch. were : — Hannah, b. Jan. 2, 1780, m. 1st, James Stone, 1797, and 2d, Johnson Wilson; Nathaniel (Biog.), b. Sept. 25, 1781, and d. Aug. 17, 1851 ; Lucy, b. June 29, 1786, d. Dec. 19, 1802; Susanna, b. FAMILY HISTORIES. 859 Mch. 29, 1792, cl. June 27, 1852, m. Samuel Veazie; two ch., who died in infancy. - - WEBBER. No account of this family has been found of an earlier date than 1738, when Waitt Webber settled on Meniconeag Neck. No record of his ch. has been found, but Josiah, David, and Daniel were probably his sons. JosiAii Webbeu had ch. : —Elizabeth, b. 1750; Sarah, b. 1751; Patience, b. 1753; Josiah, b. 1754; Abigail, b. 1757. D.wiD Webbeu had ch. -. — Bichard, b. 1769; Charles, b. 1772; Susanna, b. 1775; Eleanor, b. 1777; Jeremiah, b. 1779; David, b. 1781; Phinehas, b. 1784; 3Ieraj, b. 1786; Jane, b. 1790; Lucy, b. 1793. Daniel Webbeu had ch. -.—Joseph, b. 1763; Hannah, b. 1766; Daniel, h. 1768; Deborah, b, 1770; William, b. 1772; Martha, b. 1774; Waitstill, b. 1779; Abigail, b. 1781; James, b. 1784; Robert, b. 1786; Patience, b. 1789; Betsey, b. 1792; Martha, b. 1796. WESTON. The ancestor of this family was Edmuxd Weston, who came in the Wil- liam and An7i, from London to Boston in 1635, and settled in Dnxbury. Jacob Weston came from Duxbury, Mass , to Brunswick in 1783 or 1784, and bouglit the house at New Meadows which had been occupied by Dr. Duncan, and still earlier by Gideon Ilinkley. Mr. Weston was a sliipwright by trade. He built a number of vessels and sailed in some of them himself. He was also a house-joiner, and there are specimens of his handiwork still remaining in the eastern section of the town. He m. (it is thought) Alice Southworth, 1784. No record of his ch. has been furnished us, and we are not positive that he m. as above stated. WHITE. Several persons of this name came from England at different times in the seventeenth century and settled in different places. William White, with his wife and five ch., came over in the Mayfloxcer In 1620. Another White came from England and landed at Ipswich in 1H35. The first of the name in this vicinity was S.vmuel White, who between 1717 and 1722 took up a lot in Topsham (the sixth above John Merrill's). He, however, forfeited his lot and it passed into other hands, and no record has been found of his having taken up another. Hugh White settled at Middle Bay, in Brunswick, in 1739. His wife's name was Jane. Ch. were -.-John, b. Ort. 14, 1738 ; Martha, b. Oct. 3, 1740; Jean, b. Dec. 23, 1742; David, b. April 25, 1745; Mary, b. Sept. 2, 1747; Hugh, b. Sept. 2, 1749. The first of the name in Topsham to whom reference has been found was Deacon Elijah White, who was b. July, 1761, and d. Oct. 16, 1854. Ch. were: — Polly, b. Sept. 7,'1788; Elijah, b. Dec. 31, 1791; Judah, b. Sept. 16, 1793; Jane, b. Oct. 28, 1795; William, b. Aug. 26, 1797; Sally, b. Oct. 27^ 1799; Joseph, b. Dec. 19, 1801; Doreth'i, b Dec. 12, 1803. Geouue White, of Topsham, had his intention of marriage to Lucy Thorne of Topsham, recorded Oct. 19, 1771. No record of their ch. has been found. 860 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. WHITNEY. It is probable that most, if not all, of the families of this name, in New England at least, are descendants of John and Elixor Whitney, of AVatertown, who came over from Ipswich, England, in the Elizabeth and Ann in 1G35. Samukl Whitnfa' settled at New Meadows in 1730. His house stood opposite the Cornelias Thompson house, which is still standing a short dis- tance west from Harding's Station. He was a deacon of the old Congrega- tional Church. His wife's name was L3-dia. Ch. Avere : — Samuel, b. Sept. 15, 1732; Jonathan, b. Dec. 21, 1734; Lydia, b. Feb. 20, 1735; Susannah, b. July 25, 1738; Lettis, b. June 27, 1742. John AVhitney, probably brother of Samuel, also settled at New Meadows in 1739. His wife's name was Lettis. They had Benjamin, b. May 22, 1725^ and perhaps other ch. WRITTEN. The name of the Anglo-American ancestor of this family has not been ascer- tained. John Whitten, the first of the name to settle in this vicinitj% was b. in Arundel in 1734, and m. Hannah Walker of that place. He came to Topsham about 17(;4, and settled in the western part of the town, above John Merrill's. He d. in 1802. Ch. were : — Mnses, who d. at West Point during the Kevolu- tion; John, b. Dec. 14, 1758; Hannah, b. April 20, 1761; Ruth, b. March 12, 1763; MoUy, b. Jan. 18, 17—; Joshua, b. Oct. 28, 1768; Samuel, b. Mch. 8, 1771; Joseph, b. July 28, 1774; Sarah, b. Aug. 26, 1776; Eleanor, b. Feb. 22, 1779. WILSON. Among the early settlers of Topsham were Hugh, Samuet., Egbert, Wil- liam, and Thomas Wilson ; and an Alexander Wilson settled at HarpsAvell. Hugh, Samuel, Robert, William, and Alexander were probably brothers. Thomas, according to family tradition, was of no relation to the others of the name. A James Wilson is called ' the father of Ilur/h, and so was probably father of Robert, Samuel, William, Alexander, and Jane, who in. William Alexander of Topsham, afterwards of Harpswell. Hugh Wilson, son of James, was b. about 1729. About 1763 he bought 100 acres of land at Cathance. He had his leg broken among the logs on the eastern branch of the Cathance. An amputation was made by a physician from Casco (Portland), but he did not long survive the operation. He m. Elizabeth Hewey, who survived him and ra. Timothy Weymouth. Ch. were : — IIu(/h ; James, who d. s. in 1786 ; William, Avho m. Sarah Chase ; Betsey, who ID. Jessie Davis, of Lisbon; Martha, who m. Eljenezer Farrin. Samuel Wilson m. 1st, Mary Keed; and 2d, Elizabeth [Snow] Ilolbrook. He was licensed as an innholder at Topsham, by the Court of Sessions for Lin- coln County, in Oct. 1762, and for each successive year down to Sept. 1766, ' Lin. Reg. Deeds, Lib. 1, p. 262. ' FAMILY mSTOniES. 861 Avhen his last license was granted. He removed to Lisbon prior to 1790, and lived and d. on the farm owned in 1835 by Charles Thompson. Ch. by first wife yvere : — Hannah, b. Oct. 27, 17G2; James, b. July 2, 1764; Susannah, b. May 18, 1766; John, and WiUiam. No ch. by second Avife. William Wilson settled in Topsham ; m. a Larrabee. Ch. were : — 117/- liam; John; Samuel ; Elizabeth; Isabella ; Hannah. Alexander Wilson m. Catharine, dau. of Kobert Swauzey. Settled on Merriconeag Neck (Harpswell). She d. 1764, aged 37. Ch. were: — James, b. 1747, d. 1838; Mary, b. 1749; Elizabeth, b. 1751; David, b. 1754; Esther, b. 1756; Jennet, b. 1757; Alexander, b. 1759; Swanzey, b. 1761; Catherine, h. 1763. Thomas Wilson, of diflferent parentage from the foregoing, came to this country from Ireland when a boy. He m. Ann Cochran of Londonderry, N. H. Settled in Topsham in 1752. Ch. were : — William,\>. in Boston in 1741, m. Mary Patten of Arundel in 1769; James, b. 1744; Thomas, who went to sea and was never heard from, said to have been a Toiy ; Lettice, m. a Martin, of Brunswick ; Margaret, who m. 1st, John Hunter, and 2d, Alexander Eogers ; Mary, who m. June 18, 1776, John Saudford; Elizabeth, who, in 1772, m. William Torterfleld. Mr. James Wilson, now residing in Topsham, and who was born in 1789, is a grandson of Thomas, Sr. WINCH ELL. This name is, without doubt, of early Saxon origin. It signifies " an an- gle," and was probably derived from some Saxon town situated on the angle of a river. The name has been spelled in various ways, at difl'erent periods and in difl'erent countries. The eai'liest mention of tlie name as a proper appellation which has been found is Feb. 13, 1293, when Kobert Winchelsey was elected Archbishop of Canterbury. Kobert Wixchell was probablj' b. in the South of England, but perhaps in Wales. He was at Dorchester, Mass., as early as 1634, and removed to Windsor, Conn., about 1635. Samuel Winchell, of the fourth generation from Robert, of Windsor, was b. at Windsor, Mch. 15, 1711 ; m. Sarah McNess of Harpswell, about 1738 ; d. Topsham, Feb. 4, 1783. He settled in Harpswell as early as 1738. His brother Ebenezer accompanied him, but subsequently returned and settled at ToiTiugton, Conn. In 1740, Samuel removed to Topsham and settled near the Cathance Mills, of which he became one fourth owner. He was also owner of a large tract of land in the vicinity of the mills. He was a prominent man in the town, and must have been a man of considerable wealth. It is said " he kept the first public house, — not a tavern, — but his house was deemed the first in town, and for it strangers used to inquire." Ch. were : — John, b. in Harpswell, May 2, 1740; 3Iartha, b. in Topsham, May 14, 1742, was pub- lished to Benjamin Barrens of Harpswell, in May or June, 1768, who was afterwards killed in Bowdoiu by a falling tree; Salome, b. July 8, 1744; Samuel, b. Oct. 25, 1746, and James, were both drowned (though as only one body was found it was supposed the other person had been captured by the Indians); Ebenezer, b. May 15, 1749; Ann, unmarried; Sarah, b. in 1750, m. Arthur Hunter, Feb. 16, 1775; Silence, whom. James Puriugton, of Topsham, 862 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Nov. 23, 1786; Mary, who ni. Johu Given, Aug. 8, 1771; Hannah, b. in Tops- ham in 1759, d. there July 29, 1823, s. WOODSIDE. Eev. James Woodside, .a clergyman of tlie Church of Enghind, came to this countiy, with his son William, prior to 1719. He preached for a while to the church in Brunswick, but prior to 172G he returned to England, leaving his sou in Brunswick. Wii,Li.4Jvi WooDsiDE, son of Rev. James Woodside, m. Ann Vincent, of Brunswick. He d. 17G4. Ch. were: — James, b. July 18, 1121 -, Vincent, b. Sept. 25, 1729; Anna, b. Aug. 19, 1731; William,' h. Oct. 11, 1733; Mary, b. Jan. 20, 1735; Mary, h. March 5, 1738; Anthony, b. May 23, 1740; Jean, h. May 14, 1742; Sarah, b. Jan. 13, 1744. WOODWARD. Samuel Woodward settled in Brunswick, near Buuganock, in 1738. Noth- ing relative to his ancestry has been found. Peter Woodward settled at New Meadows about 1750, possibl}- earlier. His wife's name was Judith. Ch. were: — Samuel, b. Nov. 22, 1749; Peggy, b. April 7, 1751; Ebenezer, b. Feb. 28, 1755; Peter, b. Feb. 25, 1759; Joseph, b. Nov. 25, 1761. WYER. This family is of Irish descent. The first of whom we have any account was William Wyer, of Boston, whose widow came to Harpswell in 1762, with her son Bohert 3i\x6. daughter Agnes. The latter married James Barstow. The mother married Joseph Orr. Robert Wyer was b. in Boston, Apr. 22, 1754. Ch. were: — Lettice, b. May 27, 1777; William, b. Nov. 14, 1779; David, b. April 18, 1783; James S. b. Aug. 27, 1785; Joseph, b. March 27, 1788; Margaret, b. Aug. 5, 1790; Mary, b. March 17, 1793; Jane E., b. Nov. 4, 1795; Lucretia, b. April 17, 1797. APPENDICES. a.fpendice:s. A LARGE amount of interesting matter was collected for appendices, among which were ancient deeds, depositions, and other documents ; a list of vessels built in the three towns ; a verj- full and complete list of the flora of this vicinity', etc. ; which, much to our regret, we are obliged to omit. APPENDIX I. A LIST OF EARLY SETTLERS OR LAND-OWNERS IN BRUNSWICK.' Name. Year. Locality. Adams, John . . " Nathan . " Thomas . Allen, Beuoni Anderson, Martin Andrews, Stephen Aubens, Philip . Anstiu, Benoui . Baker, . . Barrows, .John . Bennett, Andrew Berry, Thomas . Beverage, . Beverly, Abraham " .James . Bisbee, Oliver . Booker, .John . . Bump, .Jos i ah . . Bunker, Benjamin Burrill, AVilliam Bury, Joseph . . Casida, Charles . Chase, Judah . . Chesman, Samuel Chismore, .Jacob Clark, Robert, . 1737 I7;57 17r,2 I7.->2 17.H9 1752 17.J2 1737 1700 1738 1 730 ] 7r)2 1717 . 1717 to 1790 1737 1742 1740 1739 1739 1739 1752 1739 1739 1752 New Meadows. do. West End. East End. Bunganock. East End. do. New Meadows. Lot 55. " 31&32. Head of Merriconeag. Kew Meadows. Lot 25. New Meadows, do. Head of Merriconeag. New Meadows, do. New Meadows. West End. New Meadows. West lind. 1 Compiled from Pejepscot Records, old deeds, and other sources. The date given is the earliest knoivn. 55 866 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. Name. Year. LocAiiixr. Clark, Samuel . Clough/ Samuel Coolirau, John . Coombs, Anthony " Caleb . " George »< John . " Peter . " Samuel Cornish, Ciprou. " Simon . Cotton, Thomas Cowell, Thomas Curtis, . . Dodge, Phiueas . Doughty, David. Drisco, Joseph . " Moses . Drummond, Patrick Duulap, llev. Rol)er Dunning, Andrew " David. " James. " Robert " William " John , Eaton, Daniel . . " Jacob . . " Samuel . Elliot, James . . Earrin, Jolin . . Finney, Robert , Fleniin,^ Thomas Fuller,- Joshua . Gardner, Isaac . " Richard Gatchell, John . " John, Jr " Samuel " William Graffam, Jacob . Gray, Joseph . . " Thomas . Gross, . . . Gyles, John . . Giveen, David . " John . . " Robert . Goddard. Robert Gowen, Lemuel . 1739 bet. 1717 & 1722 , bet. 1717 & 1722 , . 1739 1752-7 . 1739 1752-7 . 1730 1752-7 . 1730 . 1739 1752-7 7-1722 . 17G0 bet bet bet bet 71 1739 , 1752 , 1739 , 1739 1738 , 1747 . 1717 1730 , 1739 , 1722 1739 , 1757 , 1752 1737 1722 1752 1755 1739 1717 1717 1745 7 & 1722 173G , 1739 , 1739 1757 1735 1752 1739 1760 7 & 1722 1719 1757 1757 1771 1740 Middle Bay. New Meadows, do. do. do. do. do. do. East End. New Meadows. East End. New Meadows, do. Maquoit Road, do. West End. Lots 2G & 27. AVest End. New Meadows. Village. West End. Lot 15. Lot 47. " 3. New Meadows. do. do. East End. Lots 5 & S. Middle Bay. do. do. Near Freeport Line. ' Forfeited his title. * Lots forfeited. APPENDIX I. 867 Name. Year. LOCALITV. Hacker, . Haiaes. Peter bet. 1717 Ham, Tobias . . Hamilton, Patrick " Kobert " Kobert, Jr Handsard, William Harding, . . Harwood, Benjamin " Edward Hewey, James . . Hinckley, Aaron . " Ebeuezer " Edmund " Edward " Gideon . " Samuel (Deacon) " Samuel, J Seth . . " Shubael Hinney, Joseph . How, Israel . . Hunt, Jolin . . . Jenkins, David Jenkins, Philip Jones, Lemuel Jordan, James Jordan, John . Larrabee, Benjamin " Nathaniel Lemont, . . Low, . . . Lumber, Sara'l . Malcom, John . " William Mariner, John . Martin, John . . " Thomas Mason,' Samuel . McFarland, James McGregor, Thomas McKenny, Isaac McManus, James Melcher, Joseph " Samuel Miles, Henry . . Minot, George . " Capt. John " Tliomas . Mitchell, Israel . Morely, Rebecca Morse, Anthony " Joseph . . 1773 . &1722 . r73t» . . 1717 . 1717 . 1717 , . 1717 . . 17G0 , 1752-7 . 1752-7 , . 1789 , . 1789 . 1757 , . 1739 . 1739 . 1739 . 1739 . 1739 . 1789 . 1739 . 1739 . 1732 1752-7 1752 , 1739 , about 1773 . 1739 , 1739 , about 1727 , . 1752 . 1738 , . 1722 , . 1752 , . 1728 , . 1737 . 1766 . 1749 . 1749 . 1717 . 1717 . 1749 . 1728 about 1764 , " 1760 , 1767 , 1717 , 1742 1730 1757 , 1728 , 1751 , about 1775 " 1775 , Lot 40. New Meadows. Lot 28. " 18. " 27. " 2. East End. do. Middle Bay. New Meadows. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Lot 9. West End. New Meadows. do. AVest End. New Meadows. do. Fort George. East End. New Meadows. East End. Village. West End. do. Lot 10. Village. New Meadows. West End. do. New Meadows. Lot 7. Mair Point. do. New Meadows. do. Non-resident. West End. do. 1 Lot forfeited. 868 niSTORT OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HAIiPSWELL. Name. Year. Locality. Nevers, Phiueas 1752 Norton, Kowlaiid 1717 Nortou, (.'aleb 1717 , Noyes, Cutting about 1780 Orr, John 1742 Parker, Benjamin 1739 Pennell, Tlionias 1760 Peterson, John 1783 Preble, Collins 1752 East End. Lot 4. Lot 4. Villaire. West End. East End. do. New Meadows. East End. Ring, Batcheldor 1771 Ross, AViiliam, Jr 1772 Savage* (the widow & son) 1717 " Nicholas 1717 Say ward, Jonathan 1740 Skolfleld, Clement & Richard . . . .1757 " Thomas 1739 Smai't, John & Thomas 1752 Smith, James 1717 Smith, Joseph 1739 Snow, Elisha 1757 " Isaac . . • 1739 " Isaac, Jr 1757 , Spear, Robert 1738 , " William 1735 , Stanwood, Ebenezer 1717 William 1752- Starbird, John 1752 Stevenson," James 1717 " =■ John 1717 " "Robert 1717 Stinson, James 1721 " John"-' 1721 Robert^ 1721 Stone, Benjamin 17C0 Strattou, Samuel — Swett, John 1788 Swift, Lemuel 1790 Thompson, Alexander 1739 , " Benjamin 1739 , " Cornelius 1739 " James 1739 " Joseph 1739 " Peter 1717 " Samuel 1752 Thornton,^ James 1717 Tibbets, Samuel 1757 Tibbetts, Timothy 1739 Trego weth, Thomas 1717 Trescott, • . 1722 Tyler, Alexander 1740 Near Durham line. West End. Lots 12 «& 13. " 30 & 16. Lot 13. West End. Lots 31 & 32, IG & 17. Lot 55. New Meadows. Lots 10, 17, 20, 21 & 22. " 14, 15, 18 & 23. West End. Lot 19. " 50. " 1. " 43. " 42. " 1. " 5 . " (). Village. Lot 2. Village. New Meadows. do. do. do. do. Lot 0. New Meadows. . Lot 40. New Meadows. Lot 9. ' Forfeited. ^ Title forfeited. 8 He resigned it. APPENDIX I. 869 Name. Tear. Locality. Vincent, William 1752 .... West End. Washburn, Thomas 1739. . . . New Meadows. Watcrhoiise, S • 1757 .... Watts,' John 1717. . . . Lot 1. Wensley,* George 1717. . . . do. Weston, Jacob 1784 .... New Meadows. White, Hugh 1739 ... . Middle IJay. " Samuel 1717 .... New Meadows. Whitney, John 1739 ... . do. " Samuel 1739 .... do. Woodart, Peter . 17r)2 . . . . East End. AVoodman, P 1 739 ... . Woodside, llev. James 1717 ... . Maquoit. " William 1717 .... do. " Vincent 1717 .... do. Woodward, Samuel 1734 .... Bungauoc. A LIST OF EARLY SETTLERS OR LAND-OWNERS IN TOPSHAM. Addison, James before 1731 .... Lot 67. Allen, Samuel 1752 .... Alexander, J 1738 .... " Robert before 1768 .... ♦' William 1731 .... Cathance. Ball (or Barr), Thomas 1731. . . . Lots 28, 29 & 80. Baxter, Reverend Joseph 1717 . . . . " 14, 15 & 16. Bennett, Thomas 1731 , . . . " 41 & 48. Beveridge, James 1758 . . . . " 7. Beveridge, Samuel 1752 . . . . " 3. Beverly, .Tames 1717 .... " 40. Bradley, John 1731 .... Campbell, Alexander 1741 ... . Lot 37. Carr,3 Daniel 1717. . . . Lots 12 & 13. Clapp, Stephen 1768 N. W. part of town. Clark, Samuel 1737. . . . Lots 13, 14, 15 & 16. Corney (Captain) 1731 .... " 45. Craiu, Richard 1731 . . . . " 32, 33, & 69. Danforth, Enoch — . . . . Lot 62. Dennison, .Toseph 1768 .... "72. Doar, James 1731 . ..." 77. Dockley, Samuel 1731 .... " 32. Douglass, James 1752 .... " 52 & 53. Drinkwater, George 1731 .... " 52. Drinkwater,'* Warren 1731 ... . "4. Drummond, Alexander 1738 .... Cathance. Dunlap, John about 1738 .... Lot 60. Duulap, Robert 1731 . ..." 61. Eaton* (Lieutenant) 1717. . . . Lot 2. " Daniel 1752 .... " Jacob 1737. . . . Lots 18, 23 & 24. ^Forfeited. ^ Ibid. ^ Occupied less than three years. * Forfeited. ^Ibid. 870 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. Name. Year. Locality. Elder, Robert 1731 Ellis, Rev. Jonatliau 178!) . Evaus, Alexander 1752 , " Johui 1717 " Joseph 1752 , Fulton, Gowen 1749 , " James 1751 , " Johu . 1752 , Gatcliell, Stephen 1758 , Gates' (Captain) 1717 , Gower, Robert 17(!G , Graves, Johu 1709 " Johnson about 17(1-1 , " Joseph about 1770 , " Samuel about 1770 , Gyles (Doctor) 1746 , " Johu 1717 . Haley, Joseph 17(58 , " Pelatiah 17()1 . Hamilton, John 1731 , Harper, James' 1717 Joseph' 1717 " Moses 1717 " William' 1717 Heath, ^ Joseph 1717 Henry, James 17G3 Holmau, John — Hunter, Adam 1717 " Andrew 1731 , " Isaac 1717 " James' 1717 " John' 1717 . Lot 75. East End. Lot 28. Cathance. Lot 74. Cathance. Lot 9. " 50. Lot 1. do. Near Merrill's. Lot Cu. " 8. " 34. " 32. " 25. " 31. " 17. East part of town. N. W. part of town. Lots 30, 31, 34 & 35. " 34 & 35, , " 37. , " 35&36. . " 38. Ingram, Henry 1731 .... Jack, Andrew about 1738 . " Joseph 1758 . Jackson, Francis 1731 . Johnson, John 1731 , Johnson Robert 1731 . Jones,' Phineas 1731 . , Jones, Stephen 1731 . Jouxsou, Thomas 1731 . Kennedy, Andrew 1731 King, Edward 1731 Knowles, Richard 1755 La Berry, David 1731 Lamoss, (the widow) 1758 Larrabee (Capt. B.) 1731 Lemont, Robert 1731 Lithgood (or Lithgow) , Robert . . .1717 Lot 59. " 59. '* 54 & 56. " 51. " 13. " 2&37. " 58. " 74. . Lots IG & 43. " 62. " 8&9. , Lots 39 & 55. Lot 11. " 44. " 20. ' Forfeited. APPENDIX I. 871 Name. Year. Locality. MacFarland, James Mackcallini;, . Malcom, Joliii . . Malcom, William . Mallett, John . . . Meius, Thomas . . Merrill, John . . . Merryman, Thomas Merryman, Walter Miller, James, . . Miuuery, Dr. Hugh Miuot, Stephen . . Moffltt, Archibald . Moffltt, John . . . Morton, James . . Mustard, James . . " John . . William . 1717 to 1722 .... 1731 1717 to 1722 . about 17i58 , . " 1738 . .... 17-19 . . . . 1758 before 1768 1717 to 1722 1717 to 1722 . . . . 17G9 . about 1738 about 1763 . . . 1741 Lot 29, 30, 46, 47 & 71. , " 6. " 22 & 39. " 19, 20 & 21. Cathauce. Z''^' Lots 64 & 68 & Island. Lots 44 & 45. " 33. " 9 & 24. " 2 A. Lots 48, 49. 50. " 26 (Ministerial lot). Cathance. Lot 36. " 37. Orr, Robert 175^ Patten, Actor . . " John . . " William . Pattison, John . Pattison, Thomas Potter, Alexander '* James . . " James, Jr. " Joseph . " Katheran Prince, Benjamin . . . 1760 . . . 1749 . . .1749 . . . 1731 . , . 1731 . . . 1752 about 1738 . . . 1758 . . . 1768 . . . 1752 . . . 1731 Cathance. Near Little River. Cathauce. Lot 40. Cathauce. Lot 41. " 38 & Isl'd in Narrows. West of Cathance R. Lot 59, Randall, Ezra Reed, David " John " William " William, Jr Robinson, Charles . . . . " Moses Rogers, John Ross, John " James, alias Thomas . . . . 1761 .... 1758 .... 1758 . . . . 1731 . . . . 1752 . . . . 1731 . . . . 1731 . about 1768 . . . . 1731 1717 to 1722 Spear, Robert . . , " William . . . Sprague, Francis . . Springer, David . . " Thomas . Stanwood, Samuel . Staples, Samuel . . Stephen . . Stinson, William . . Stoddiford, Ephraim Stuart, Charles . . . . . . . 1731 . . . .1731 . . . . 1791 .... 1758 . . . . 1758 . . . . 1746 , . . . . 1768 . . . . 1758 1717 to 1722 . . . . 1731 . . . . 1717 Taller (William?) Tarp, John . . . 1717 1735 Lot 18. East End. Lots 5 & 6. " 2, 3, 4, & 50. East End. Lots 12 & 47. " 12. East End. Lot 70. " 18 & 19. Lots 15 & 17. " 49. East End. Lots 24 & 25. " 65. above Cathance Mills. Lot 30. " 38. " 5 & 6. Lots 3 & 4. On Merrymeeting Bay. 872 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. Name. Year. Thomas, Benjamiu " James . . Thoms, William . " William, Jr. Thompson, Benjamiu " Samuel Thorn, Thomas . . " William . . Vincent,' John . . " William Walker, Gideon . Wall, Patrick . . . Ward, William . . Washburne, Thomas Watson, William . Watts, Samuel . . White, Samuel . . Whitten, John , . Wilson, Alexander ' ' George '^ . " — iHugh . . ' ' Roi)ert «t ".^ Samuel , " Thomas . " _ AVilliam . Winchell, Samuel . Woodburn, Georee Woodside (Captain) Work, James . . . Wormegum, John . York, Samuel . . . Young, John . . . 1755 1755 1752 1752 al)out 1738 1773 1717 1731 1717 1731 1780 1735 1731 1731 1731 1731 1717 17(;4 1717 17('.3 1758 17(13 1752 1758 1740 1717 1731 1738 1717 1717 about Lots 28, 29, 42 to 45, 62, 63. Lot 6. " 10. " 7. " 48, 49, 52, 53 " 1", 18, 23, 24, 63, 72 " 22, 23, 63. Lot 11. " 10, 11, -3. Village. On Merrymeeting Bay. Lot 10. " (iO. " 46. " 61. " 2 A " 66. " 56. " 10 or 1] . Cathance. Lots 54, 55, 70, 71. " 56. " 7 A. " 21. " 33 & 34 " 27. " 51. Lot 26. A LIST OF EARLY SETTLERS OR LAND-OWNERS IN HARPSWELL Adams, Nathan prior to 1755 . Allen, Elisha 1740 . . Merriconeag Neck. . Lot 46. Babbidge, James about 1750 .... Bailey, Deacon Timothy .... about 1742 .... Bailey's Island. Barnes, Nathaniel 1735 .... Merriconeag Neck. Barstow, James prior to 1777. . . . Sebascodigan Island. " Sanuiel 1738. . . . Merriconeag Neck. Booker, James 1748 .... Ilarpswell Centre. Boone, Samuel 1720 .... Merriconeag Neck. Brewer, James 1738 .... do. Byles," Rey. Mathew 1760 .... Orr's Island. Cady, William 1733 .... Sebascodigan Island. Carman, Francis 1738 .... Merriconeag Neck. " Thomas 1738 .... do. Carter, John prior to 1755 .... Sebascodigan Island. * Occupied less than three years. ^Forfeited. ^Probabli/ not a resident. APPENDIX I. 873 Name. Year. Locality. Cole, Nicholas 1720 Coiuly, William 1733 Conner, Gideon 1731 Cook, Elislia prior to 1748 Cook, Middlecott 1748 Coombs, John prior to 1740 Cromwell," Joshua 1737 Curtis, David about 1744 Denslow, Benjamin 1740 Douglass, Elijali 1750 Dunning, Andrew 1757 Dyer, 1752 Eaton, Rev. Elisha 1754 Merriconeag Neck. Sebascodigan Island. Merriconeag Neck. Orr's Island. do. Great Island. do. Merriconeag Neck. Merriconeag Neck. New Daniariscove Island. Merriconeag Neck, do. Merriconeag Neck. Farr, Thomas before 1775 Fayrweather, John 1743 Fitzgerald,'^ before 1748 Gatchell, Moses 1731 Gibson.i" William 1740 Orr's Island. Orr's Island. Merriconeag Neck. On William Orr's lot. Haines, Samuel 1738 .... Merriconeag Neck. Hais, Kichard 1738 Hall, Isaac 1738 " Isaac, Jr 1738 " John 1738 " Nathaniel 1738 Harmon, Colonel Johnson 1727 " Joseph 1741 Hasey, William prior to 1755 . Hinkiey, A 1747 , " Samuel 1747 Holbrook, Jonathan prior to 1770 Jaques, Eichard 1727 Kenney, Elisha 1738 Leavitt, Daniel prior to 1755 Lewis, Job 1743 Lindsay, John 1740 Linscott, Joseph prior lol755 , • Merriconeag Neck. do. Sebascodigan Island. Orr's Island. Merriconeag Neck. Sebascodigan Island. McGregor, Thomas 1738 . McNess, William 1738 . Madbury, Theophilus .... prior to 1747 . Magray, William 1740 . Mathews John 1740 . Melone, Edward 1738 . Merriman, Walter prior to 1776 . Moulton, Job 1728 . Merriconeag Neck, do. On Norton Stover place. Merriconeag Neck. do. do. Sebascodigan Island. 1 Vacated in 1742. * Died alone in a camp in the field. 2 Traditional. Pejepscot Papers. 874 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND IIARPSWELL. Name. Year. Locality. Negro, A i: r.5> Orr,' Clcmont . " Clomeut, Jr. " .Tolin^ . . . " Joseph ■• . . 1742 1742 1742 1742 Pinkliam, . . . . , Piirintou, David . , Niithaniel 17.Vi bet. 1720 &17.")5 17(30 Quingham, Edward 1740 Raukin, Jamos Raymond, Paul Rich, Isaac . . Ridley, Jaincs Ross, John . . " John, Jr. prior to 1747 " " 1770 .... 1797 . about 1757 prior to 1747 .... 1740 Searl, John . . . . Sinnett. Micliael . Small, Taylor, • . Smith, James . . . Suow, Elisha . . . " Isaac . . . " John . . . . Starl)ird. Richard . Stover, John . . . Sylvester, William . . . . 17.38 before 1775 " 1755 , . . . . 17;?5 . . . 17()(> before 1747 . " 1771 , . " 1755 . . . . . 1727 . . . . . 1702 . , Lot 3G. , Merriconeag Neck, do. do. do. , Lots 37, 38, 40. Sebascodigau Island, do. Merriconeag Neck. Sebascodigan Island. do. do. do. do. Merriconeag Neck. Merriconeag Neck. , Orr's Island. Sebascodigan Island. Merriconeag >;erk. Several small islands. Sebascodigan Island. Long Island. Merriconeag Neck. do. do. Taller, William . . , Tarr, William. . . . Thomas, William W. Thompson. Josejih . Tibbetts, Timothy . Toothaker, Andrew . " Ebenezer " Seth . . .... 174S , prior to 1753 , .... 1738 .... 1747 . before 1755 , , . . . . 1737 . . . .1740 . . . .1740 Veazie, Rev. Samuel 17G7 Orr's Island. Merriconeag Neck. do. Sebascodigan Island. (( (( Merriconeag Neck, do. do. Sebascodigan Island. Warren, . . . , Watts, .... Webber, Wait , . Weeks .... Whelan . . . , Willson. Alexander Winchell, Samuel . Wyer, Mrs. William Young, Abijah . . . i: .... 1752 .... 17.38 prior to 1747 , .... 1752 , .... 1747 .... 1740 .... 17G2 Lot 47. , " 48. , Merriconeag Neck. Sebascodigan Island. Lot 33. , " 32. Merriconeag Neck. Orr's Island. prior to 1755 .... Merriconeag Neck. 1 Removed to Orr's Island ahottt 1748. 8 Removed to Brunswick about 1742. •^Ibid. * Removed to Orr's Island about 1748. APPENDIX II. 875 APPENDIX II. A LIST OF THE SOLDIERS FROM BRUNSWICK AND TOPSHAM IN THE SEVERAL INDIAN WARS.* 1733 and 1724. John Giles's Company. Name. Time of Service. Remark-- Bevorliu, James Hnidhury, Wyman Cochran, James . " John . " William « Cowell, Thomas, '^ Dunning-, Andrew " Andrew, " David* inner " Robert'' . . J5aton, Samuel, Serg't. 1723 — 11 1723-4 — 37 1723-4 — <;9 1723-4 — 37 1723-4 — fi!) 1723-4 — 37 1723-4 — (;y 1723-4 — 25 1723-4 — 22 1723-4 — t;'J — 3 weeks, 2 days 2 " Thomas Gardiner, Isaac, Lieut. . . Giles, John, Capt Ilarpci-, James, clerk . . . " John-* " Moses " AVilliam Lithgow,- R()l)ert McBride, Jaines McCluer,2 David Malcom, John MLtchell, Henry Hugh ...... Norton,'' Rowland, drummer Stauwood, Pvbenezer . . . Stevenson, .Tames " .lames, Jr.'' . . " William .... " William, Jr.^ . . Tregowcth, Thomas (written Frigoatli) Wells, Luke . 1724 1723 1723-4 1723-4 1723-4 1723-4 1723 1723-4 • 1724 1723-4 1723-4 1723-4 • 1723-4 1723-4 1723 1723-4- 1723-4 1723-4 ■ 1723-4- ,s ) ). > Serg't 1723 1724 47 20 ■r>0 31 • r.y •04 • 22 05 ■40 •()!) ■ no 37 0!) •09 4 37 0!) CO 09 22 12 Son of John. (Ireland.) (Boston.) (Ireland.) (Ireland.) An- drew's son. (Salis])nry.) Prom, tolicut.in 1724. (Salisbury.) (Salisbury.) ,Jreland.) Prom, to clerk. (Ireland.) Capt.'s servant. (Ireland.) (Salisbury.) (Ireland.) The name is Stin- son in one roll, i The last was J sou of James. (Amesbury.) ' From Rolls in Massachusetts archives and other sources. 2 Detailed for duty under Col. Westbrook's order. ^ 876 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 1727. William Woodside's Company. Length of Service. Beiiuet, Andrew 33 weeks, 4 daj^s Peter 52 " 3 " Browu, John 48 " 4 " (Had care of a Province gun.) Burnett, John 52 " 3 " Denny, Owen 52 " 3 " Dunnini;, James 3 " 6 " Eaton, Samuel, Lieut 29 " 8 " Eaton, Samuel (Sentinel) 22 " 2 " Fitzgei-ald, Maurice 27 " Frazler, Thomas 52 " 3 " (irimes, Thomas 52 " 8 " Haynes, Daniel 32 " 5 " (Had care of a Province gun.) Lindsey, John 52 " 3 " Lithgow, Robert 52 " 3 " McCoshlin, James 19 " 5 " McFarlan, Samuel 23 " 2 " Noble, Arthur, Lieut 22 " 2 " Simpson, James 31 " 6 " Spear, Robert 18 " 6 " Stevenson, William 52 " 3 " Wells, Luke 52 " 3 " Woodside, William, Capt 52 " 3 " [ 1730. Benjamix Larrabee's Company. Barick, Robert 19 weeks, 2 days Bradbury, Wvman, Lieut 19 " 2 Cassidav, Charles 19 " 2 Eaton, Jacob 19 " 2 " Samuel 19 " 2 Erazier, Tliomas 19 " 2 Lane, Thomas 19 " 2 Larrabee, Benjamin, Capt 19 " 2 William 19 " 2 Lithgo, Robert, gunner 19 " 2 McGregor, Thomas 19 " 2 Pompey (Capt. 's negro servant) .... 19 " 2 Robinson, Nahum 19 " 2 Sergeant, David, Corp 19 " 2 Washburn, Thomas 19 " 2 Wells, Luke 19 *' 2 1735 1748. Ben'jamin Larrabee's Company. Yeak. Allen, Daniel 1740-2 Austin, John 1748 Barrick, Robert 1735-7 Bradbury, Wvman, Lieut. . 1735-7 Bridges, Daniel 1739-42 30s. 50s. 30s. 38 to 45s. oOs. per m. 50s. 30s. 45s. 30s. £4 Total Pat.j £12 17s. 2d. £19 5.5. M. £12 17s. 2d. Pat 23 weeks, 5 days . . 40s. per m 11 " — . 31s. M. " 79 " 5 " . . 40s. «' 85 " 1 " . . 53s. id. (1 107 " 5 " . . 40s. (( APPENDIX II. 877 Name. Year. Length or Service. Pat. Briggs, Josiah 1748 Boyd, James 1748 Cassidav, Charles 1735-7 - Coney, Philip 1748 Eatou, Jacob 1 7;3r)-40 - Eaton,' Samuel 1735-42- Frazier, Thomas 1735 7 - Haynes, Samuel 1742 Hayward, George 1748 Herring, John 1748 Hinckley, Aaron, Lieut. . . 1748 Holmes, iS'athaniel .... 1748 Jack, Joseph 1748 Jelson, Benjamin 1742 Jordan, Joseph 1748 .Joseph (Indian Scout) . . •1739-40- Laue, Thomas 1735-42 - Larrabee, Benj., Capt. . . . 1735-48 - " Benj., drummer , 1748 " Nathaniel .... 173G-48 ■ " William 1735-37 ■ Lithgow, T{o])ert 1735-37 ■ McGregor, Thomas .... 1735 Martain, John 1742 Moffltt, Samuel 1748 Patten, AVilliam 1735 --Potter, Alexander . . . . • 1735 Pompey (negro servant) . . 1735-48 • Robinson, Nahuni 1735-37 • Rutliss, Kobert 1740-2 Sergeant, David, Corp. . . 1735-48 Smith, John 1735 Smith, Eben 1739-42 Stoddard, Thomas 1748 "Washl)urne, Thomas . . , 1735-37 Wedge, Joshua 1737 Wells, Luke 1735-42 Willson, Robert 1748 " William 1748 Wooden, James 1748 11 weeks . 31s. M. 2() " " 47 u 4 . 40s. 11 " — .31s. 3cL 157 " 2 . 40s. 239 " 3 . " 85 (( 1 . " 27 a 2 . " 37 " — .31s. 3(7. 36 " 1 <' 37 " — . 47s, Gd. 37 " — . 31s. 3d. 37 (1 — II 21 " 2 . 40s. 11 " — . 31.S. M. 02 (( 1 . 13s. 4c?. 241 " 4 . 40s. 329 " 5 . £4 11 11 — . 31s. 184 11 5 . 31 to 40s 75 11 1 . 40s. 85 11 1 , " 33 11 — , " 25 11 6 , «' 37 11 — .31s 3d. 24 " — . 40s. 7 " 1 , " 290 " 3 11 85 11 1 II 10 II 1 . " 297 11 4 11 10 It — . " 73 11 3 11 37 11 — .31s. 3d. 85 11 1 . 40s. 18 " 4 . 13s. id. 293 " G . 40s. 37 " — . 31s. 3d. 11 II — " 37 11 — i( per m. 1T46. William Burns's Company. Andrews, Isaac IG weeks, 5 days Black, Enos 16 " 5 Burns, William, Capt 16 " 5 Chase, Judah 16 " 5 Clough, Isaac 16 " 5 Dunning, David, Lieut 16 " 5 " Robert, Corp IG " 5 Genneys, William 16 " 5 Hnnter, Adam, clerk 16 " 5 Jackraan, John 16 " 5 Lumbar, Parker 16 " 5 Lumbard, Samuel 16 " 5 31s. 3d. per mo 31s. 3d. G2s. dd. 31s. 3d. 31s. 3d. 47s. 6d. 40s. lOd. 31s. 3d. 41s. 3d. 31s. 3d. 31s. 3d. 31s 3d. il)iedml742. 878 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSTIAM, AND HARPSWELL. Name. Length of Service. McNeal, Richard 1{> weeks, 5 Malcom, William Ifi " 5 Mustard, .Tames 1(5 " 5 Pageuot, Samuel 1(> " 5 Perry, Kichard 10 " fi Preble, Joseph IG " 5 Reed, John, Corp 1(1 " 5 Spear, William KJ " 5 Warrack, IkMijamiu, Corp IG " 5 AVeed, Jonathan 1(> " 5 Wickwash, Sylvauus 1(! " 5 Winston, James K! " 5 Wood, John (5 " 5 days . 31s. M. per . 31s. M. . 31s. 3(7. . 31s. M. . 31s. 3d. . 31s. 3d. . 40s. lOd. . 31s. M. . 40s. 10(?. . 31s. M. . 31s. ■M. . 31s. ■dd. . 31s. 3d. 1756-1757. Samuel Moody's Company. Harwood, George 48 weeks, — days . . 24s. Moody, Joshua 48 " — " . . 24s. " Samuel, Capt 18 " 2 " . . £4 " Samuel, Sergt 47 " 6 " . . £1 10s. " Samuel, Jr 48 " — " . . 24s. " William, Capt.'s servant .... 48 " — " per m. Dunlap, Jonathan. " Robert. Jaquith, Richard. Jordan, 1735-1749. Other Soldiers. Lindsey, Samuel. Morburn, Capt. Stan wood, David. Stauwood, Samuel. " William. Vincent (Ensign), Wm. Captain John Getciiell's Company. 2 Adams, Thomas. Andrews, Stephen. Carney, Michael. Chase, Judah. Clark, Samuel, Jr. Coombs, Caleb. " George. •' Samuel. Dunlap, John. Dunning, Andrew. " James. " John. " Robert. Elliot, Adam. " James. Getchell, John, Jr. " William. Giveen, Robert. 1757. Giveen, William. Graj% Thomas. Hacket, John. Ham, Tobias. Hicks, Barnabas. Hinkley, Ebenezer. " Edmund. Howard, Edward. Jenkins, David. Jordan, John (Ensign). Larral)ee, Benjamin. Maker, Michael. Martin, John. " John, Jr. Miuot, Thomas. Moorey, Ezekiel. Simpson, William, Jr. Skolfleld, Clement. ' ' Richard. Smart, John. " Thomas. Smith, .Joseph. Snow, Elisha. " Isaac. " Isaac, -Ji". Spear, Robert. Standwood, Ebu'r (Lieut.) Thompson, Alexander. " Cornelius. " .Tames. " Samuel. Tibbetts, Samuel. AVhitney, Jonathan. Woodard, Peter. ' From traditionary sources. 2 Fro7n Rolls in Massachusetts archives. APPENDIX II. 879 Captain David Duxnixg's "Alarm" List. Clark, Samuel. Coombs, Peter. Jr. Giveeu, John (^Eusign). Gray, Joseph. Hinkley, Aaron. Larrabee, Nathaniel (Ensign). Lumber, Samuel. Minot, John (Ensign). Nevei's, Dr. Phineas. Skolfleld, Thomas. Spear, William. Standwood, William. Thompson, Capt. James. Vincent, William. Whitney, Deacon Samuel. Woodside, Vincent. William. " William, Jr. Captain Adam IIuntkr's Company and "Alarm" List. 1757. Alexander, William. Allen, Samuel. Beveredge, James. Douglass, Andrew. " James. " Robert. Dunlap, John. Ewings, Alexander. " Joseph. Fultou, James. " John. " ]{obert. Hunter, James. Jack, Joseph. Knowles, Richard. McFarland, James. Malcom, William. Mallet, John. Moftett, Archibald. Mustard, James. Patten, Lieut. John. Patten, William (Clerk). Potter, Alexander. " James. " James, Jr. " John. " William. Reed, Davicf. " William, Jr. Robinson, Charles. William. Springer, David. Thorne, Thomas. Tibbetts, Andrew. Warriugham, Thomas. Wilson, Hugh. " Robert. " Sanmel. " William. Winchell, John, " Samuel Work, Ebenezer. " James. Dunlap, Robert. Eaton, Jacob. "Alakm" List. Fulton, Go wen. Gatchell, Stephen. Reed, William. Willson, Thomas. 880 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. ATPENDIX III. LIST OF EEVOLUTIONAKY SOLDIERS ARRANGED ALPHABETI- CALLY BY COMPANIES. 1 BRUNSWICK MEN. CvrxAiN James Curtis's Company. Date of Enlistment. Rank. Time of Service. Months. Days. 1775. July 17. Jiuie 10. July 1 7. May " July May July " May (1 " JlllV " May July June July (1 (1 '• Juuc 1. " 1. Austin, BtMioni . . . Brown, Daniel . . . Coombs, Benjamin . Fields . . . " Ilezekiali . . " Natluiu . . Curtis, James . . . . Duncan, .John . . . . Duiuiing, James . . . " John . . . Ham, Tobias . . . . Hinlhuryport, Captain Tracy. APPENDIX IV. 887 APPENDIX IV. A LIST OF THE SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF 1812-14. I. FROM BRUNSWICK. Brunsavick Artillery,' in Service at Bath. 1814. Name. Rank. Alden, Peter O captain. Eastman, Robert 1st lieutenant. Marsh, Moses M 2d " Peuuell, Tliomas .3d " Stetson, Harvey clerk and sergeant. Welch, Edward sergeant. Dunham, Johnson " Stetson, Charles «' Hedge, George drummer. Carey, James " matross " = private. Curami^gs, Samuel S fifer. Danforth, Isaac mati-oss. Dillingham, Ammi driver. Dunlap, Joseph matross. Given, William, Jr " Gray, Uriah " Hali, Robert hostler. Hunt, Jeremiah matross. Hunt, John " Kimball, Dean " Kiucaid, Patrick, .Tr hostler. Larral)ee, William driver. Littlefleld, Moses matross. Luut, John '< Merrill, James " Morse, Ephraim " Morse, Lemuel " Murray, True worthy " Nelson, .James n Osgood, Eliphalet " Owen, John, 2d <' Owen, Philip, .Jr n Pattee, William << Pierpont, Edward '< Powers, Paul <■>■ ^From Treasury Departmenl, Washington. 888 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. Name. Rank. Pray, Edmund matross. Rowe, Amos " Simpson, Thomas " Stanford, Warren waiter to lieutenant. Stanwood, Thomas matross. Tootliaker, Andrew driver. Toothaker, Cliarles matross. Tootliaker, William hostlei". Todd, John captain's waiter. Welch, Reed matross. Wilmot. Orlando " Wing, Allen ■ ' Captain Richard T. Duvlvp's Company,' Lieutenant Colonel Charles Thomas's Regiment, in Bath. 1814. Dunlap, Richard T captain. McManus, Richard 1st. lieut. Sherwood, David, 2d 2d. " Titcomb, William orderly sergeant. Merriman, Nathaniel sergeant. Badger, Nathaniel " Badger, Joseph i " Privates. Adams, Charles. Gray, John. Blake, Samuel. Given, Thomas. Bowker, Washington. Giveii, Thomas, Jr. Bi-adley, Foster. , Growse, Tliomas. Brown. Isaac. <^^ Hall, Hammond. Campbell, John. Hall, Johnson. Carey, Alanson. Hall, William. Caswell, Wilbur. Herrick, Benjamin J. Chase, Enoch. Hiukley, Noah. Clarke, Alfred. Hunt, John. Clarke, John. James, William. Clarke, John, 2d. Keith, Isaac. Coombs, Abner. Kimball, Joseph. Coombs, Joseph. Kincaid, David. Coombs, William S. Lambert, James. Cowing, Daniel. Lemont, Adam. Cox, James. Litchfield, Waid. Cox, Isaac. Littlefield, James. Curtis, Joshua. Lovejoy, Odiorne. Curtis, William. Lowell, John. Dailey, Silas. Lowell, Simon. Eatoii, Abner. Lunt, Joseph. Eaton, Charles. Lunt, Josiah. Eaton, Daniel, Jr. McLellan, Alexander. Eaton, John. McManus, Cliarles, Jr. Elliott. James, 2d. McManus, James, 2d. Ford, Daniel. McIVIanus, Jolin, Jr. Graffiim, David. McManus, Richard, 2d. Grant, John. Jlayhew, Zaccheus. Grant, Unite. Melcher, Abner. Fro7n Treasury Department, Washington. APPENDIX IV. 889 Melcher. Samuel, 3d. Merr,vnian, Thomas, 2d. Merry man, Timothj'. _ Merritt, Henry. Merritt, Jesse. Minot, Geoi'ge. Moore, Samuel. Morse, Benjamin. Morse, Lemuel. Morse, Paul, Jr, Noyes, James. O'Brien, Jeremiah. Os,a:ood, Theodore, Otis, James. Owen, Jeremiah. Owen, Samuel. Pattee, William S. Pinkham, Stephen. Ransom, David. Robertson, .John R. Rodick, William. Ross, James, 3d. Ross, John. Ross, Robert, 2d. Ross, William, 2d. Hyan, Charles. Sampson, Alexander. Simpson, William. Skolfleld, John, 2d. Skolfleld, Joseph. Sloan, Robert. Snow, Abiezer. Stan wood, Philip. Starbird, William, Jr. Swift, Dean. Taylor, Phineas. Thomas, Ephraim. Thompson, Pelatiah. Titcomb, Benjamin, Jr, Toothaker, Abi*aham. Toothaker, Alexander. Toothaker, Isaac. Towns, Aaron. Townsend, Aaron, Towuseud, Henry, Turner, James. Woodward, Martin. Brunsw'ick Light Infantry,' in Colonel Thomas's Regiment, Bath. 1814. June 20 to SSd and September 10th to 39th. Name, Rank. Dunning, Robert D captain. Owen, John lieutenant. Coburn, John ensign. Brown, Eliphalet sergeant. Dunning, Aaron " Dunning, John, 3d " Noyes, Joseph " Given, Samuel musician. Eaton, Edward " Robertson, Isaac O corporal, Herrick, Joshua " Brown, John " Shaw, David " Privates. Baker, Zachariah. Hall, Neal. Bradley, Foster. Hammond, James R. Brown, Gardner, '^^ Hunt, William. Clark, John, 2d. Kidder, Jonathan, Davis, Joseph W. Lock, Abraham. Dinsmore, James. Moore, Richard. Dnnlap, Robert. Moulton, Samuel. Dunning, Joseph N. Mullen, Thomas. Elliot, James. Mustard, William. Flood, Henry. Noyes, James. Fuller, Ira. Osgood, Theodore. Grafl'am, Thomas. Owen, Samuel. Grows, John. Ross, James, 3d. 1 From office of adjutant-general of Maine. 890 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. Sampson, Alexander. Shaw, John. Titconib, John L. Toothakei*, John. Win:?, Calvin. Woodside, George. Staff Roll of Colonel Thomas's Regiment. Name. Rank. Thomas, Charles . . Estabrook, Thomas S. Poor, Nathaniel . . . Coombs, John E. . . Sewall, ■\Yilliam . . Badger, Nathaniel . Thomas, Charles, Jr. Herrick, Jacob . . . Page, Jonathan . . , Holbrook, Moses . . Anderson, Martin . . Dunning', John . . . It. -colonel major u adj utaut paymaster chaplain ■ surgeon surgeon's mate sergeant-major quartermaster Brunswick. Durliam. Brunswick. Captain Joseph Dustin's Company,' at Bath, in Col. Thomas's Regiment. Rank. Dustiu, Joseph captain. Pennell, William lieutenant. Dmming, John ensign. Brown, Benjamin sergeant. Given, Thomas " Dunning, James, 2d " Lewis, Jazzauiah " Messerve, Jesse corporal. Anderson, Charles " Dunning, Thomas " Given, John, 3d drummer. Simpson, Robert tifer. Privates. Blaisdell, Jonathan. Morse, Adam. Chase, George. Morse, Anthon}^ Jr. Crips, John. Morse, James. Curtis, Abiezer. Morse, Joseph, Jr. Curtis, Calvin. Moseley, William. Curtis, Melzer. Parsley,^ Eliphalet. Given, Benjamin. Pennell, Jacob. Given, David, Jr. Pennell, Robert. Given, John, 2d. Skolfield, Jacob. Gould, Joseph. Simpson,* Lewis. Graft^im, Sanmel. Simpson, Matthew. Hodgdon, Jeremiah. Stanwood, Benjamin. Hunt, William. Stanwood, David. Mariner, John, 3d. Stanwood, James, 3d. Miller, William. Stanwood, Judah. Minot, Vincent. Stanwood, Robert. 1 From Treasury Department, Washington. 2 The onhj members noiv living. APPENDIX IV. 89] Stevens, Reuben. Stilke}', George. Woodside, Robert. Woodside, Stinson. Woodside, Williiuu. Woodward, Nathan. Captain Jordan's Company,' in Colonel Thomas's Regimknt, in Bath. 1814. Name. Rakk. Jordan, Peter, .Jr captain. Woodward, Isaac lieut. Toppan, Josiali F sergeant. Jordan, Henry " Bisbee, Rufus " Snow, Jordan " Mariner, Thomas corporal. Leavitt, Caleb " Peterson, Benjamin " Bates, James. Bisbee, Studley. Cook, Eli. Coombs, Asa. Coombs, Charles, Jr. Coombs, Joseph, Jr. Coombs, Samuel. Cotton, Levi. Crawford, Charles. Crawford, John. Crowell, John. Danforth, Abner. Danforth, Enoch. Davis, Miab. Davis, Uriah. Donnell, Abiel. Donuell, John. Doughty, Jacob G. Doughty, Stephen. Doughty, William. Estes, John. Parrin, David. Parrin, Winthrop, Jr. Gatchell, Aaron. Gatchell, Benjairiin. Harding, Nehemiah. Jordan,'' Robert. Privates. Holbrook, John. Holmes, William (waiter). Hyde, Jude. Jordan, Abijah. Jordan, Jesse. Larrabee, James. Lewis, Jabcz. Lewis, Nathan. Linscott, Abijah (waiter). Linseott, Abraham. Linscott, Joseph, Jr. Low, Samuel. Marr, Joseph. Mariner, LTnite. Melcher, John. Peters, Simeon. Peterson, John. Pollard, George. Smiley, David. Story, William. Thomas, William. Wallace, John. Winslow, Job. Woodward, Ebenezer. Woodward, Samuel. Cavalry. Weston,^ Jacob. In Colonel McCobb's Regiment, in Neav York. 1813. McMamis,'' Richard. ^ From TrPMSury Department, Washington. ^ Traditional. 892 insTORY OF Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. II. TOPSHAM MEN. Captain Patten's Company,' at Bath, in Colonel Meruill's Regiment. 1814. Name. Rank. Patten, George F captain. Rogers, George lieutenant. Perry, Joseph M ensign. Hunter, Charles sergeant. Brown, Ezekiel M " Thompson, Daniel " Rogers, Hugh " Sampson, Henry fifer. Privates. Abell, Jehiel. Berry, Josiah. Berry, Robert. Brown, Jeremiah. ■ Card, Francis. Chase, John, Jr. Coombs, Abner, waiter. Cummings, Jacob. Foster, Joseph, 3d. Foster, Philip H. Foy, Henry. Foy, Joshua. Given, Samuel. Graves, Daniel. Graves, Ebenezer. Graves, Jacob. Graves, Levi. Graves, Moses. Graves, Samuel. Heal. Gilbert. Howland, A))raham. Howland, Benjamin. Howland, George. Howland, John. Hunter, Adam. Hunter, Alexander. Hunter, Arthur, Jr. Hunter, Benjamin. Hunter, David. Hunter, Lithgow. Hunter, Samuel. Huntei-, Thomas, 3d. Mallett, William, .Jr.^ Mallett, Collamore. Patten, Adam. Patten, James F. (waiter). Patten, Matthew. Potter, Jesse. Randall, William, Jr. Rideout, Jacob. Rogers, William. Sampson, James, Jr. Sauford, .John, Jr. Small, Francis. Smith, Joseph. Stockman, Jesse. Taylor, John. Wade, Abner. Wade, Luther. Whitmore, Creighton (waiter). Winchell, Robert. Work, David. Topsham Artillery Company,' at Bath. 1814. Time of Service. Name. Rank. Remarks. 19 days. Walker, Nathaniel . . captain " Cook, James .... 1st lleut. " Perkins, Nahum ... 2d " " Perkins, Samuel . . . ord. serg. 1 From Treasury Department, Washington. 2 From original roll. APPENDIX IV. 893 Time of Sekvice. RA^K. Remarks. 19 days. Wentworth, .John -^ Pluniiuer, Nathaniel 19 days. Pluinmer, Moses . " Haley, Abuer . . " Wilson, John, 4th " Hlnkley, James , " Holbrook, Jesse . " Stone, Alfred . . " Cook, Lincoln . . " Kimball, Abraham " Alexander, David — Baker, Jonathan . 19 days. Brown, Robert . — Crosby, Ebenezer — Crosby, Sharon . 19 days. Dennett, William " Green, Gardner . 7 days. Grey, Solomon . — Haley, James . . 19 days. Haynes, Reuben . •' Harding, Richard C. — Hinkley, Ezekiel . — Hodsdon, Silas . — Hanniford, William — Jack, John . . . 4 days. Plumnier, Lemuel D — ' Rollins, Aaron — Thomas, Consider — Thomas, George . — Towns, Samuel . — Tuttle, Josiah 19 days. Ware, William . — Weymouth, Moses sergeant corporal musician hostler waiter private private absent on duty in fort. for captain. " 1st lieutenant. " 2d excused from duty. absent C did not } " I serve. 5 detached from infantry as instructor, absent in fort. absent in fort, did not serve, absent in fort. sick; discharged, did not serve, absent in fort. lame ; did not sei've. absent in fort. absent in fort. Cavalry. Erost,' William. From Other Towns. Haskell,* Joshua. III. HA HP SWELL MEN. Captain Johnson's Company.^ 1814. June 20 to 35 and September 19 to 21. Name. Hank. Johnson, David captain. Curtis, Peleg lieut. Cui-tis, David . . •....'... ensign. 1 Traditional. ^Ibid. 8 From Treasury Department, Washington. 894 HISTORY OF Brunswick, topsham, and harpswell. * Name. Merrymau, Janu's, 4th sergeaut. Kandall, Benjamiu " Sylvester, Isaac " Wier, James S " Curtis, Eheiiezer corporal. Merrymau, Thomas '• Keed, John, Jr " Orr, Simeon " Dunning, James drummer. Merrymau, Jacob flier. Esthmiau, Fryeholt " June Sept. June Sept. June Sept. June Sept. June Sept. June Sept. Sept. Sept. June Sept Juue Sept. Sept. June Sept. June Juue Sept Sept. Sept. June Juue Sept. June Sept. June June Sept. June Sept. Juue Sept. Sept. Sept. Juue Sept. June Sept. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 10 to 29. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 10 to 29. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 10 to 29 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. Alexander, Hugh. Alexander, Isaac. Alexander, Joseph. Allen, Ephraim, Jr. Barstow, Robert. Barstow, William. Bibljcr, Courtney. Blake, .John (waiter). Blasland, Wm, (wr.) Booker, Daniel, Jr. Clark, David. Clark, Paul (waiter). Curtis, James. Curtis, John. Curtis, Paul. Curtis, Simeon. Douglass, George. Douglass, William. Ewiug, James, Jr. Ewing, John. Earriu, Wiuthrop. Gardiner, Robert. Ilersej', John. Hodgkins, Benjamin, lugalls, John N. Jordan, William. Kemp, Silas. Matthews, Samuel. Private^. June June Sept. Sept Sept. June Sept. Sept. June Sept. June Sept. Juue Sept. Sept. June Sept June Juue Sept Juue Sept. Juue Sept. June Sept. Juue Sept. June Sept. Sept. June Sept. Sept. June Sept. June Sept June Sept. June Sept. June Sept. 20 to 25. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 10 to 29. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29 20 to 25. 10 to 29. 20 to 25. 10 to 29. Merryman, Benjamin. Merrymau, .Tames, 3d. Merrvnian, John. Merrymau, Mich'l, Jr. Merryman, Samuel. Merrymau, Waitstill. Jklerryman, William. Orr, David. Orr, William. Perry, David. Pinkham, Richard. Reed, William. Sinnet, Hugh. Skolfleld, Samuel. Stevens, William H. Stover, Daniel. Stover, David. Stover, John. Stover, Joseph. Stover, Joshua. Stover, Paul. Stover, Theophilus. Sylvester, Johu. Sylvester, Marlboro'. Sylvester, William. Thomas, Jesse. Toothaker, David. APPENDIX IV. 895 June 20 to 2r>. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 29. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 21). Totuian, Levi. Wel)bcr, Charles. Wheeler, John. Jniic 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 21). Wheeler, Simeon. June 20 to 25. Sept. 10 to 21). Wilson, John. Captain Snow's Company.' September 10 to SO, 1814. Names. Rank. Snow, Stephen captain. Snow, I'tuil lieutenant. Merritt, William ensign. Merritt, Stephen sergeant. Holbrook, Jonathan " Coomlis, Elisha " Thomas, Williams " Toothaker, Saimiel corporal. Tootliaker, Cornelius " Eastman, Kingsbury " Hopkins, Simeon " Sawyer, Daniel musician. Green, Joslah " Privates. Alexander, John. Otis, Samuel, Jr. Aublns, George. Prior, Leonard P. Aubliis, Humphrey. Purrington, Joshua. Blackmore, James (waiter). Purinton,''' Nathaniel. Blake, Samuel (waiter). Rich, Benjamin. Coombs, Jesse. Iticli, David. Dingley, Spencer. Rich, Isaac. Dresser, Ebenezer. Ridley, Mark, Jr. Eastman, James. Small, Israel. Holbrook, Israel. Snow, Isaiah, Jr. Hopkins, Elisha. Snow, Jesse. Kemp, Timothy. Snow, .Jesse, Jr. Leavitt, George. Snow, Samuel. Lorey, James. Toothaker, .John. Lunt, Isaiali (waiter). Wilson, Alexander. Merritt, Isaac. Wilson, Seth. Merritt, Samuel, In Companiks, etc.. Unknown.^ Dj-er, George. Raymond, Paul. Dyer, Leonard. Purington, Robert. ^ From Treasury Department, Washint/ton. 8 All the latter are frotri, traditional sources. 2 Afterwards prom to lievt. 896 HISTOBY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSUAM, AND EARPSWELL. I— t Q Ph -^ H o O 3 to .s , ^^ .^1 P " s S - « cp; S 'c •^ S S -^ •= 2 fe :* tn "-"^ t.';zo . •^ — S >, >. 3-65 o .to CO -w ^ -U -O -2 — _ 2 tX)^ M-a — '* ^ Qj o «. r " C t_r tT? ^ o « c^c „ U m ^ ■ H tH S 'I' C C O.^ u li 3 i o 2 g .2 S .£ S t^^ 5 ra ^ -e t? ^ , «'3 " M-3 ; es tjji; S° ifl -3 3 CPlhQ S O X ^55 13 -S S 9 3 "^^ '-^ ^ # K SfB' CI CI i-H -< — -f -< ^ CI Cl CI CI CI u- lO — ^ CO !i -O -o ^ --i -O «C :o -C; :C V2 VD ■-£ t£ ^ O COXXXOCXX XXXXXXXX XX !c -o S33 cc X « X 00 fl^ t-H tH ai Q S T3 02 C» 02 Q !Zi -^ -^ r^--^xai3l^leo^5 CI CI -H CI CJ CI --I r-l t5 f4 ti bb ti*f M t; |§^ 3 3 -J3rt . o o a 15 M C 3.3- OJ o i> q'q'pq' W W eM-WWo'tilM P^r&q" MQ" pf«:2" 5« O 13 C) CI ■ P - 3; ■* i-i 02 „ .J ■«-»iCt^OOO»3»0 13-M •^ r-( — . C) CJ CI 1-1 r-( 1-10 v.ifi, '^ :^ 3 *-■ £5! 32 ; <^ -1 ?: - C '•5 ^ ;-£ *i =2 .-/I r-( •■' XJ-cj D C,)>C ir T^ ' O >i E-i rt 5 o — ;5 13 -a !2 ^- rr TS : g o 2 25oSx.2 = _;r3i3 coOtrjOr-i To — ^S^ S •£ •- ^N CCS SS'2 .^£ I -gSrS^ ^ .1,: -• -r^ ^°-?o ;t ^ HCS?-,P-<::i :^S^ X "y ."■ rS — ?J rt S; ?2 r* n; :* S rS axxxxxxxxxxxx 11 X X X X X X X XXXXXOOXX r. -t- M M ic X o r> r; M o ■* x ci -"t i-i -m ■* m -* m n c5 r-. ?-. c: n i-i ^^ rl — 1 , g cu cs c3^ rt +J rt ^ ^ , ^ ., ^ -M.^^--.?^ -- •c O S !-l IH l£ •S.2 O M P^ 002 Pi Ph fiH^:) Ph CP+ K . S 03 &< oTtn tj) ^ g; S>H C.a 5 SfH . O ^CM ..^^ rfl '^ O s^ri -^ ^1 ^ o r^ £7 2 > a o o > 2 5 ^aa^S-^.S>^.=s-^E53'3 O ortrtrtrt-----0000-0 ticj eS32,a!n't;53 «P53oO0O0j5 ^'Pi -rt .„__,— _tH--rt^Hr«i-on rt,a ,c^.i;oooo oooooooo oo « PQ Kjiq ;:; p; p; pq pq s: s: P5 P5 pq co oowoooo oooQOOOO oo 898 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARPSWELL. p o" >o wi? •^ ?"H (S> oc s >> ffis «^ lii X . ^- — ;3k '"' thI-5 . . CjC L—J ^ GO *i la xj S,Sij fi 03 s s 2 c « s ^-i s-i i-i . aj p =1 o o . '"!. X ""^=3 ci ■ 00 -5 cc . -^ ^ x> C4 o o 5 J |p S2 •42 "S .0 2 S""* a; -rH .3 _' « 2 2 - |22-= 1 1 X j^-o T-i ~-j sr.ti 'ij « .'S t-C '"' *^ -2 -2 •*-! — — -^ >i>-.'0 X .2 o a 5 c -cs' -s 'd be 5 -^ TS^-^ 2 2 K « a C||| r3 J:^ ii t:^ a ij cr^ -d OJ -w ■" . = 3 8-5 3 -i^ ?,5 ^ — -/ 1 1 1 O ^ 0) ;-i M a '^ -^-'.— aoaS" 05 S — • 5;^ ^■^Z,'A'^'A7^^ ^ S^^^H^cciii^ii^SH^SS^ 5 HH Ch 2j 25 ^1 ^3 /3 r; rt i2 rS .":: r: J3 n; "J KS ?a ?J Cld Tt*^ ^^1—1—4 ^— CO O r-c2 ^■-^■-a CC t^ c o « CCKXXXXXX X xxxxxxxxxxxxxSc GO X 00 CO CC 00 X X 00 '-*'"-, " , r-. -- r-l , o E :r' -f-TtT-M-^i' — -o ■£ — =■- -f' ;i -h'-^'ci CI L-fr-f o"— "ci" cTt^ cfo t-T r:"* ci ?j M — CI ri II 5i -^ C» C> C> Cl C) Cl ^ C) C> M c^ 04-^—1 M Q=5 fiH ^ -5 a 02 -: Cl S < ST® = a; — !-; - 6 (rcQ-cTs^e^'B^^^s" k> Ma'aa~d'^'KWi45=H'wVa ^S^ KQ s^ o ^ c 0) H o ,f3 "3 > CO 0! > > a HH cS « -J * a J *J5Z « s^ . . -^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _-CKt» rT -T a "S ~ ta i-~ '^ o o o o c-i 1-: *- r; -] ^ *i rt r; o — ci >- ~ ?iti^ Cr, lO IC "-I ^ — ' "-1 ■M ■M ^ CT. rl^ t- X c" ^ „ - . - Jij 2 -i i £ i g 0> i % 2 of ^ , . .2 :i 2 :S - - eS X a Cm ^Q Q W aj t-i iT P^ .-^ J^„t'=':i5^«iJStfsc=(^S^fei'3 - ,^ if ^ S ■« "^ "' ^ • .^ :=: ./"o s , , >i i o ;J 2 J _^- -c -r -- * ,7" -^ = s -3 2 :: ~ 3 M ST If il 45 S. = 3 e S 3 «i APPENDIX V. 899 a> w > o 45 U S o *3 *j w ^ +3 53 5 +^ '" i^" '•'^ = O X X 'a I— , +3 +3 +3 ic -O +3 > bf> - £<> •'- - > = --^a t«£!-( Ot^ <-f ®tH Ph OjPh O Ph Ph WCM - ^-2 --=00. - . ,o,a-,:;5,&:: -^ „SS >' ^"^ ^^ ^o ^ '5 3" S' s <; ^ w--• i-h ? •» (>h o -^ ^i -m -^-^ -^ -^ -w -t-* a ajrt i)tH>. o3s a o ooaoaooorto a .« cs « rtKctcj Q QQ PPPQafl P « fififipppfifipfi p p H W WWi;fi3 b r, - 900 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. ' ■3 ^i 5 5 o ill 1 -3 rr-f ^ -25 o o 5 s^ 1 1 ^I5 13 O cS a! E a « c CS 5 c ^ o 2 o c o >?. £> =" o r- -r^ O 9 ! oc '^ o 1^ |i .11 "S id ^—5 'C oc 5^ CO 2 co-lM^g 2 ^ ^^ c 1-1 S « . Sow CO lO ^ 3 Pi S oc ^__p aj u o o 61) u ci 5 If. o . .^'-x ^ 2f|l^;§|| IS ?l ^"^ i 1 ic "3 oc Ji >.»^ Or§ ^- gC4 ^ - o o ^• = - '3 "S - p^-g ';i O c <«^ > l> Q S o _ ^ _ „ , _ ^ , , ^ , ^ , „ ^ v\ ■*':»<" 1-1 T-T— -T-rr-'cffJ (M 52 rS r? rt rt M CJ CI T-t o <:= CS cc cc CO o CC CC CC CC CC c; CO s2 CO <« ^ ao 00 oc oc f^ 1— t oc oc oo 00 X cc X. X cr. xx X 3c oB 5c oc CO X X 00 00 o 2 - - , - ^ „ ^ o S cT CO cft-^ T*r io"T*r ■*" ci c-f of c-i t' •* c? iC cc cc r-t s; o fie ci I-( (M C-1 T-(C1 5SW ^ jj via ^ - - -,c^^ ,K;I ^• C/l'tH (» „ „ is ■ cc ^ _r^ ^ ,C ^^^^ *f 55*e ■^ -M -M .• 4^ ,c ^ C5 PS »o ccio w 7; +i +j *i o CO o 05 ~. C". C; CI rH CI +J W CO -^ ^ P^P lO CO £f ^ „ J4 -2" s -2 1 2" 2 c5 z *!» O o : o :: z :: z z ~ (^ ii o z cS r 0^ ^' U PH O w w 15 02 O s 2 a - _o.2 •-5 c £ Pi (-T tn" o ■> ?; T! c - "c ^ |4 s ,W H ^ ;-! fill 1) rs^ O w ^ * CO aj CS O 35 2 d o o cS 1-5 i 1 o 03 >'^i c "^ ^ 1.,- -^ O O x-5^ . . © 0) aj 3 +3 +.3 ^ r- " -J = ^-^ ^-rt o ^-^.ss o o " «^ = si ^' 3 * S '* J, ii t^ 5* 5 =• ° ? a s S s rt « ^ Q^H f=5H C-H H P-i P-i Ph <=; <^ ,*HCH i: ""■ £■ o "^ «S F'j ^ '5 a; aj m flj o ^^ s^ ;-. ^^ aj '^ fc- '-H a)"-, l- t^ „„,-l ,-,,-1 _,,_(,_< _, (M'M'M'MIN C<:TtlO^:C-1"*-*'rf* IC O CO t£ --O ^ tC -O CO CC' 'i -o ■— -o to " cc ;s ■-£ ;c --O 'O to '-O ^ 00COXX30 ocxcoxoocooooc x x 00 a 6 o 6 > li > (5 6 ^^ M-t^ += o ^' XJ '^ 1^" ■^" 6 4^ 3 O ^15' d d > c d u asajic »o sroaj.a> asa~rr' ajSijS ST'S'i^ ^ s S ar"aja)Caaja) h t^^ t»>>>t-: t^ >, >- f^ 1-1 ,c-a^" ci > „ .rTjf js'jfja" a a Ci ^ "3 > ^S?,2t2t3t^t3 ,H-,rH ^ rH '^ CO 10 10 t-OCrH.-l.-(i,-— rH c „ C „ aj .5 oT CJ aT C aT 5 a;) rt fli .§^. rf. ^ ., , rt, ^ fs c3 «s^ „ ^ ct.2 rt V.----. ajcS^ .^- - "S..& ^ SPh P- OAh Ph CmSPh 03 PM chell, Roswell E. ffin, Timothy, chell, John E. & chell, Jesse H. chell, Josiah. Bfin, Charles H. 5" ss, Joshua F. ws, George E. ves, Aljihens M. enleaf, Chester A. rish, Edward F. nud, Charles, rant Marshall, reen, William S, etchell, Andrew, reen, Natlianiel, rows, Jolm W. rows, James W. rant, Daniel, de, Robert, rmon, George L. dgdon, Daniel R. dgdon, William B. ole Thomas G. mmond, Henry W. rmon, Albert, wes, J. V. tchinson, Albion D. mmond. David N. rmon, Joseph P. ■*-• .^ +^ p-s 4-3 -^ .,_, *t c p ce a; in >5tS oocscjopcise OCO CO 000 00000 00000000 RhCiK wkkwkkww 902 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPSWELL. |W i M S ?*--'i i tXrt ^6 i6 '3 > 1:^ c ^ 'o 3 X 1 1 35 o" > > 1^5 1 o -a 5 o CI '3 o <0 C3 5 ^ s 3 O CO 1 2 rH p a c 13 c S^ 3 4^ C3 1 3 5 1--5 1 3" 'E 1^ X ct" 2 2 Q 3 o 3 'a O 2 1 5 CC;ff o S M i 1 ?2 g' S ^ J5 S ^2 22«i2 irs to '^ Is 1 ? "So 3: '-' rH -, >»^ c3 _ o - 4J *" ^ 5 -a ID C 22" 5 c 2" 2'S'«'?52- ^c-i >> bi) S >-. t- '7^ ^ "^ '^ _2 rt c5 •-5 r-H H;, •< u_, ^ ^ X rH C3 > c ^ ?C " £f -a" 5 ^ 3W 2. ^ , 5 ^ •^ *^ x ^ 'U "o P^-^^ t» «l ^ >' 4J * 3 01 CO o — : c 1 O ^"" O C C O o c3 ^"3 -f MO g.'g 5.S ;: 2^ +j a +j o s a a ii *" ^ r— '^ r— •^ 'C O -c -75 r= 15 -C 1l 5 s = Oh^ c o ^ ^ 2 ^ ? 5 ^ o _« o 0) o o a t- 'i (H t-. tH fc< t- 0)— < a; 5j aj o o 1 a) CI ® 4j +3 ■♦J rt-S -w -M o tc c ■W ,w -1^ -W +i -1^ +^ __ ^' '3j o .5)" rt JJ "^ u-4 Cj ,£" +2 5 5 ^ X^'^'^Vl 5t •rS"^ jf 4^^ _r x'^'-a' O »^ O 10 c^i !^^ c5 :o ^ H^ IQ CI ~ O Ifl S *2 CJ 'a +j +j -fj (M C^ iM I'l iri l-H CI r4lO ■* Cl fClOlQ X H „ _ j3 a • £■ 5 <^ 2 C^i CO o tj ^ n3 s *?. tars .d &. -A - S .00 •;: 4^ ^ •-—'•-I — cl'MCI'M-tH-h-^tO'f'M ,-1 — ^._ ^ ^_^,__H— •!-!_-.,-( CI CI CI CI -H -I-IO cs w '.£ -^ vc X -.T tr 'i '-c cc '^ ~ '-i tr "^ •.£ s o 5£ '^ cc ::; cc — ^ cc -i , ^ o OT .ti P> 03 .-e ""^^.bi* ^^ ^'■^ h^ k! >-^ 1-^ t-^ 1-5 1-1 M h-1 1-1 H? 1-3 1-^ 1-^ !5i<=iSr^ 5 B:^ l§^ai 1^ ody, Al lidav, J tcheil. C see, Jos Donoug rrill, Ja rrill, Al ore, Gee ody, W chell C rrell. ^^ ler, Wi rse, Joh Icher, S OT CK— KOOajOO .t: c .- oi a ^ ^ ^ f^ f^ f!!^ f^ ,S, ,1!^ <^<-i<;^ ^S 904 HISTOIiY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. t» 0) >o o5 CD CO c TS 2 c 1 a E "2 la c o . a) la > 00 r- CO .2 S C4-J C 1 >-3 1 . be . 5 -1 c 5 ^ 5 s 1 5 o Q u o Sf OS 1 s o 1 CO' !2 T-H ^5■ 6J3 O o 1 9 cc 5i f^ "t i Mo" t- '"' « i^ »•- . - s £ 3 (M ill be i MS c 5 2 S 6 -52 'S ^. 3 - 5 c -; - 'H S Q -2 5" o ^3 2 — g s '0 X a; r^ 5 aj 13 ijn Ms bX) i c ^ 5 re -1^^ "^ (Tj Q> W: ,^ rii S 3 S S £2-2 22 £/-■ 03 0) CJ s^ ^^<^ogc= W. tB H ^'^ := S 2 £ i ■s S i £ s Q CPh H 5 f^ pc5P-i?^ ££i3 - «CH^ai SP5 ^S ^ ^ „ ^ ^ , „ , s"s' IC S3 (M Tt^ cf I-l c-f th"— 10~ r-T— ( cf cf-M" cg'c-i" fo'co" •^ tC«3 tCCC r^ CT '-C' -O s CC CO « -JT CO ■" 1 oc oc X 00 CO X CO CO CC CC CO OC OC 00 00 1-1 OC OC OC OC 5C CC 35 S) 00 o 5 m'r-I cc co' ^ t-T t-T c-'s-'ci" c(?f'-^' t-" c-f ■^'icsToT C5 cT cTc^ ■S « (N (M 1—* > S ly^ > i«s S o C3 K c3 _ »— ( ■*-3 4^ ?; It? >>> M .-M ■— ^ ^ ^ ■^ ^ ^ X ^ J » .x:x^,a -C.3 X-C -^ -M ji ^ -^ j; 4- ij « +:< oiS .^ Tf P C Oi-O +3! Ov ic 10 10 "O ii '-^ C^l ■^ "^ C-l C-1 CI 10 ■* --i 00 c. -- i-i e-i c-i C-4 C-I . +i . - . ji 2 3 .2 sT |2 I2 2 i a - g rt H^ > - rt. bri- rt c - - - cc^ ee^ - n Ih "3 tH o's t^ IH fc Ph ^Oh cc^ Ph 00 0- u oj E ffi K^"u '^ tn of p- ^ '3 .5 -' > t4 ■5 >-> ST ^-^ C oi o-cSS.2 1? Is 2 o 5 S ^ i« CJ 0) C -^ ^^^ _„-^-^->^'^- ^- ., «_ P3^.„.^. i^iJJtJt) - - '^ ^ ^ ,s ^ -— — » • w — . . -- — -r- — -— -. w. w ^^ — 1i +3 'S o o ci 'C lo t- "O C) CI CO T-H i-t i-H .- ic -tl t- •* -H i-H CI Cl »0 lO X X ^ '-' ^ CI ci ;.=! -d J1 M ^ i(»5 siciai vate, 6 ® g 2 Is is 2»S^ z : :: :: cS- S§^ ?- :.;3g .. X » s. V (D c3 s. r - :: ti£ ^ ^<'Z S£ Dh 'u 3 ?l;£: OiP-l hs Pm a, 0^ pL^ PL A, piH p; P5 pq p:j pq Ph p^ Ph cctj ccco mmv^xjimtn aixn ccasajcoaico 906 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARP SWELL. U3_r 2 >> ^s a> o K^- 13 . S c-i tt 00 ? ^ 00 1-H CO -H o ^ ;., CO ..^■ ►^ ^t -/ CO G c^ ^ w - X 00 n3 5c oc tT ? s < o'o 2 o' 'S .>- o *4-j >> t* >- ^ OS 6 P ^ rr "1 ^ ^ .^ 3 ^ +i 1". O O 0) OJ V C S D o s p S :« O) cj 03 «5«5*5 s ^ P »ft CSHQBQ ,_•"*< ~ '2 "S "Q i.o °^ ^ ^^ r— '^ rH >r= t-i -2 ,-; S « ;h ^n - — ' l-c <5 'T- «!5 O .2 W O di o o J" c3 * P O -U p dJ _ 'S d _; 3 0) g 5f3 5 p 2 2 -<^ S X « -_ c3 o — *; C-. O , CJ ;:x.,^% 'O 3."^ ci TS 5 "T*; - 03 5'w -_>is; r- ^ k;«oc ;-i h — X X 03 m<%mH «tcx »_r ^x si b o « -c "^ O — r, — '!5£t=, ^ ■- 7 3 "^ ,::? o .2 i S '£ O o GQ M of C-l C-1 Ol tc cr -o cT cf cf cT cf CO CO -£ CO ^T -5 ;£ co" ^j 1.0" 15 cj xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxoox cf X tH CI CI CI CI — •+ •* -ti i£ -.3 -.3 -^ --Z -.3 ■— -O xxxxxxxx X (N c4m 4J += +i 03 03 03 ODMCC Sept. 29 Sept 29 Sept. 29 Sept. 29 Sept. 29 Aug. 18 Dec. 29 Jan. 6 Dec. 29 Sept 15 April 19 Feb. 24 Aug. () Sept. 23 Feb 10 April 25 Aug. 29 Aug. 29 Aug. 29 Se[it. 29 Dec. 21 Jan. 16 April 21 April 21 d q"po" CI W« WP" > +3 i:^ -i^ § » aJaJ o S n CO CS r-l ^t^!-3 00 '^'32 ^tH>^ r-TSc ^. 13 3 3 .a Pe-enlist Re-enlist at Jan. 0, '. 2, 18(53. 3 o o 2^'||2^ ^ 25 S c- - .."5; o -/" ° Oji-H -r; ^ ^O c-' ?i ^ -C •S N t* S 3 OJ 2 stered d at B datN 111. cor <4H O E3 St. out St out m. cap d in re =2.2.2 2 S 2 t.1 H 3 s 2.2 APPENDIX V. 907 'Q -tt «^ tc -U ic 'c -if cC OC^OO CC3»5; Q 00 a, » , 03 . *:ro;fl;-;0^ 3 tH K cc aj r-)_>) 2 5 "l-SsiifSg 'r.S a, ..2.2» 2 ®" ©2 ^.ti3J=^ 22.2 3^- ^-3-^2 -c ^ in^ S5c2 2'3r-^,o' 3 . o O! ?«-.^'^® -Sail •■3rt._^0?3dsSo3Pr3. -^ 3?3 .03 t5'5'g8§^^3"^5.S'S;5§i Jill's ll-B ^t^^3'3_ .'3a>'^'^- 303^45 '^21' -Ct? ,? 3-^ 3^-Siit^'o'3 2 S3t^3ig SSt^ 03 ^ ,_!—.,-( -H iM M -t< _H rt « ~1 i-H — •* — I rH — . 10 10 IC CI '+I — M C-l ?! -t< C-l C-l C-1 i-HCl — < C3 C3 tC -.3 " '.C O :0 O ■- -3 t3 ?3 CC C£ 13 CC 'w C3 CC "3 "^ O CC :3 '.C -.3 tC '.3 ;3 C3 CC CC CC 00 X 00 CC X OC OC 00 00 CC 00 00 X 00 00 ai CO X 00 X 00 00 CO OC OC CC X CC X 00 CO XXX Nc-it-c; — "-I -H -t<-t3;-* i-ie-iiO'rH — nco(Mcicccoc;iocc ,-i— . o in ciO'mi (M r-(r-l ,-, C-1 r-l CI ?i ^ CI ^ Cl CI CI rH rl rH r-l CI rH r-l CI CI CI CI rJ CI CI &« OJ o 03 3 d Q June June Dec Aug. b &=*^- 3 SP -'.3 d d -S -i « c yi j^c3u33^uOJOJ3'^oJ:3 <5SO^ > 5th, 5th, 13th, Kith, 2d, 1st, 11th, 5th, 7th, 15th, 15th, 15th, 5tli Kith. 1st Cavalry, 15th, litth. U. S. Navy, U. S. Navy, 20th, 25th, CI ill oT Private, Lieutenant, Corporal, ^ - Ph :: Ph Priv Cor] Ass' Priv It C!ha] Thayer, Pliny M. Tarr, John, Thompson, Simon B. Toothaker, Levi, Tliompson, Albert V. Toothaker, Seth, Taylor, Calvin G. Turner, George, Vickery, Albert, Vickery, Charles B. Varnei', Almou L. Varney, Edward L. Wilson, Asa, AVilliams, A. A. C. Williams. John, Whitney, Dunham, Wentworth, Alfred D. Welch, Milton W, Ward, Hugh H. Ward, Albion, Ward, Joel, Walker, William A. Walker, George A. Williston, George, Jr. Ward. George C. Whittlese.y, Eliphalet, Walker, George A. Wilson, Elbert, Whitney, William H. Wentworth, John T. CO o a York, Abizer, York, Charles L. Y'"ork, Charles D. 908 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. rt C-l •+ I-* rl* •1^ t-l !2 « oc X Ci OC X X X X X T-H X ^- r— ^-» ^^ -3 - ^ r ' "^ --T '^ ^ •a ., C-1 •- ^ ci ^ — --^ .3 Bf ^ >5 -3 >■. 2 £ M ci ^ 1-5 t> ■3 M "2 3 ^'o rt ;;) ^ ^ »-5 '^-:-t> xn rt ^ pC >s 3 - -w 1— 1 ■^ g 5 X ^ rr rr IS '*=> >-. >,-3 Q »l5 •0 2 n -M ^ „ ^ii :^ X !2 rt 2 o >o c kil-rrs ^ ^H 5" 3 . T-i .-1 3 oc-"^ -2 -f^" ^ X ';: ■^ ^ - Sh 1^2^ 2 *=i 2?? .'s'S £| i .0 S S '^ -2 w^ . c 3 iti ■*=-■""* -t .2 =» =2 >r-" SJ 6 1.-5 1^ ^ ^ JTi S 2S ■3' ^ .^*^ t-:S-=-3 5J . ■^'C% <^ X S >.'3 1 r^ scc^-'^r-rg ,Hf^ "ct 'B -3 — c-l _ .y .^ M«cc^' -;3 ^ ""_ a: 2 g 2 c '^ • ? -J -SI 3 is s fe "S s 5 .s c .j; .b c "^ •" 3 ■3 cs 5 c ^ - -^ > S ^2 "g ^ ^ 2; ~ _. -iS +3 ^ j3 '5 '-^ ^ ?|d^S3 -2 3 £ "^ ? _2 •" £ S s c 3 OJ *^ -t-^ — Cj ■3 •3 ''^Sssc^ ^ ■3 •£ £ '^ ^ „ - •. ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^ r; _r jf ?f IQ" 1-2 T^^'^sS STsf r£ ^"T-ri-f rTcq ?i ri Tl CJ I-l S3 ^ ?J cr " ■■: ■- .3 oc X ^ 5c 5 X cc X X X S X CO cc « X X X X X X X X 05 35 00 «»-. T, 1— 1 ^^ »— T— 1 T— ( — i-H ;= £ -1^ cTiS -- ^f © >* r-TtC l-'-rTlo'rH s>:s2g 1^ ir* *-4"^- .-T ,- X 1-- ■^ X M i=i !N '-' -H (M (N (M fl (M (M cqci^rH^ r-- ri CT %6^^^c 3 tjc-g^ W) -• ^ c5 £ 2 -^ *= -: bJc ti^ ^ ^■ ^ -i bJ3 S OJ = e3 3 <^-<^OQ c ;2 aT ^ ^ 3 5 3 ►^C^-^OS^'-i t-s^acci-j ^5 0) > '5) •p 1 -.:S^— "^.c"^ » ^ -^"^'?t» ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ j: ^ ^j£ ^ _ ^ ^ -3 I? 2? 3 . t- m --H :- — ' -J •s "5 '5 ^ '^ » « « ■* " " *;-l o £ 6^ O'-i Pm U :;^rH H >^' 9 ^ £ mi P cjH £ S fin" . • !-* -s 5 >! 5^.2 ■a « " r-" 3 pill Em to eg is'i i^'^ •1 br^By^r: ^ c ce rt ts £ s5 S % ^ c; c c S ^^<;<^-< 3 p:p;;;s3s:c; ;j;^oou oouou oy APPENDIX V. 909 00 55 o i t-5 f*i ^ 1-1 - ir; M o- . ^ b rn S "^ >! s 5 -^ ^^ r^i-l ►^ 2,2 '3 o J* a; CI g CO 1 "3 > CI ^ •N a> 3 "3 "3 1* CO* CO >0 cc'io'ic co" CI C-4 CI tH tT s ^ 3 2 JO o .1) <1) CO '%4 1 o > > W) O O O 3 o C o o P 3J O 5j 9 •-5 > d o > > > > cS rt cj 1st C Kith, aj .» j- 3 © c; aj S « rt i5 ^6^ Q y .8 22>^ <3y 1^2^ Sr,S o !^ -TT! 1^ £coo3-i;c3cs42o o SSSS i: S a '^ '^^ ^.-^ ^ ?6.t^X-csg o3£o 910 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND HARPS WELL. ^ t-- IC « to (M «-s 5/ 00 O « ^•^ ^> <4-i 1 > M ^ ;-! ci § ^' a 8 "2 S 2 -.• ^1 6C ■a T-l c^ ■^ « x^ C H S .s rs*^ rn J Vi o -^ ^ -' 1 a "O o > C |?S-+ .*•... 8) £^f^. |s5o||2 ^2^ pill "3 5 3 1^ 'A 3 o . . o o c t; -s lis 5 ti;>> o o III aJ . ^— m '"' 3^ •" ••• J- _r ■B w = "? III! ►^^ i K ci.'" i 'J^IJ^III-^ S S ? i2 si fe! 5 O o 5 5 S D ^1 a a a "^ mil o S 2 5 3C ^'VZJ'^ZJI.Z'^ a 2 a t; mil CHO fiC £1:? M?-SSPSSSP OOCH HCS^ ssss^ ri Tt'-^"-* « rl ^ —1 ~ ~ rr n! ~J ?l! ?J /^ ^ rtrtj.-t •+ yH C) — . L-; :j ir: i~ -f< cc ^ X ^ CO cc ac » ■JO x X XX X X ^ X y: -JC X :c w X cc ^ X X X X x> co'cTi-T •*-)<" •^'tjT cf jf c-i" •^jT-jT is'io r-Tw 1-1 r-< --C OS cTt-^cT'^ lo rc'cT-* >a C^ICICO CI C-l C<1 (M C) CI I-) i-l(M C^ rH ^ COCO C<( CI r-( Cq CI Cl rl C<1 Tl C) 5 O 5 © 2 2 o J* - "^ = 5f S? ^« > 5 5 :r o t^sst?? <:2;<^ ►^•^ ►^■^ ^iKM-^-^-^C-^Ol^-^^l.xl^i O^lS-lS d ^"a p-Q p-tt2;SM'5^''^''. >^>, J« c^ ^ M 'zihi s s "5) > > ?- > ffj S :S :3 1 o s 2 oiaiai^/j ^ ^ » - - - -^^.s.^^ aiaizii^ 05 ---r . C3 -;; rs „ r-T-^ . « -tj jq C ~ +J 2^ P^:::ip CO O o S t~ c; ~. o — » ^' " CI ?i 6'p6'~> i-, ir; -^ ^ P l-H Cl o ;^?i--::iS hb M oT o C a -> a " c3 ^ ■f^ ■w c3 +^ "n *^ 5 rt. rt p rt a i cs .H c3^ , , >- -::.::-- > m> > 3 > 'P S'S PhUPh S^ ;2; c 5 1— 1 1— 1 .2^55 O 03 O O H-l Sirs 1- s = 1111 ^^ X ^ '^_'^. - a > aj a; >'^ r> g282 13 APPENDIX r. 911 a Q c 2 .a ■i X 5 T^'^. Vi'^ 01 = .i^^co ^ 2 ••=-'?- X xO -o ^-H jX 1-1 i-l CO 2 CO ^TS H d. 7, •-' 3 - ajij H JS -g S^-c s •^' s S S -TS a g^ g.S 5 i 2 Ph Pm S Ph OS S !-i -O _- .'i = =c ^ >» oj ci a; , cS ■ H p Oi n .2 0.2 n c 00 C-1 o -^ &1 •^ •;; 2 X a> t; p-o c o CO CI rH X > o M)> o aj s o CI CI C. rH rH rH rH CO CI CI CI »H rH T-l .xcBH S-. -tl r-l rH CI ■ . ■ 'O q" c£ ^i" c: «&;;« > > > > > aj 55 ce rt rt r. ~ CI CI CI 7-1 •— ' hJ t-J i-J ^ ira PM O Pu, fi< Ph += ^ a; rt bX)>- cofw s\.- S X cS ? 2 ^ "o 'o S % '^B. 5 "aj 8 S — "^ 2 ? £=-5|ssS i r, Lorenzo, Samuel E. IS, Charles Thomas, a 1-H l' n .2 bb 1 '6 OK2 "^ Ij o ^ "t 2 ® -tf « 1 CO •£- Y^ g i:''B =^' g c^i 1 S ll . t 2 If -^^ i « P o g S CO - .20 S <] _j =-^ u- .,• 2: « L^- ^ rj . ■ f2 s !2 lo lo i .i 1 5 o Q O '-' 5E' jZi .ti '^ « '^.,2 ^ '^"' 53 it's 1 ,— Si— i— — "s; » "^ z.'~ o-a V y ^ " fe r-Sc-Sft.M.ii'a'a g ■^-'O cif' tit's T- k- 1 "w ^S '5 c 2 -■ " i: 2 «• -c i; i: 2 9 K S 'O o K K 5 x x tn be go sir* OJ "S ~ Si c 5-^ S'c'o'c "^ M ^ o2 0. " rt; .^ i^ .ii .2; .± 5 S _r- 1-1 T^ "-Tc-f C-Tl-rcr rt-'-tio" -+ r-T ^- - 1— « r-1 1— 1 rH O CI :M C^l !M TP ^- SSSSSSS sSS gS g S llllllllll 11 T— 1 T-t rH T^ w c-1 ri i=( ^ S '"' M ?5 OO •* (M ^ ■<*! rj< C-1 « 1- !-■ ^ ~ CC ■S -g (MN (M N CI C-5 CI C) i-( 1-1 CI CI > •a .5) 'v3 es OS -»,-"'-'' ^^ - s _- . . . ^- -- - - - cc 02 ^''^'■^"'^'~^'^« §s ~ ■s -*" ^ ^ •^ — •^55*^*^ -s • ■ iSioOioicSl^ Otrt!^ S iS L- IC 35 1-f ri c?! c^i C) P P ^ o 3 oT ^5 4)" c rt o rt « _>-h-3_>'-- -:::; :: - - s >:3r:r;r 'C r— 'C o 'C ^ ciAh O Plk ft K^2'^S six CO II CO .s u i .5 c S i|llMi=K' W - rn ^ r/, C S - O c c ft, aj ^ CJ s 02 OQ CC O! CC CC CC CC CC 02 i 2 ^ APPENDIX V. 913 .JS, CO •2 1-1 eS g bO tH •g _P u •a 3 tH % 0! .s « a 'a a •o •-» g ID § o rH c3 ,a ID >^ r- CO 'C O o ^ ^ p £ rH 5 1 (4 o en ^^'%^ 1-5 ti ^2 S| l-H . >,'=.;2o5 u a ,a 5 o i2|| «sa si w m ■^ O i4 t-i (D vr ill 0) - © |||t _ illli ■2 c '^^ OCT 2 ri th a 1-5 '-sS 1 m O c^ o <2 -a o rt IdJj^ 3 a . o a. rt C «? O CD 5 m £ £ to ^ « K ® o 5 ^ t,^o g u SaglSlllg a a ,a ,a oj o o ^ II SJ -• OJ P3:>Q = ^2 o S X "-I SSh *. •« •. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - - fc ^ 11 CI -M CI (M oi cTc-i cT cl cfcf cf CI cT ci ic li^r cfcf ^1 to CO III llll III 1 1—1 1 S 'i S s^ •V *S *. "S -s -s -s ^ -s - - ^ .S -V ^ ^ C5 00 10 1*© O OS CO GO X Ci Ci c; 3i i:^ cT t^co' c* .22 (M r-{ r-< (MM TH CI C-1 CI CI O CI CI CI CI fin H 4i ■» aj < a WQ i > > > > > > > 'Efi e3 irS ,A.'^ eS eS c3 e3 cS c3 ej !2;izi I^IZi ^ IZi "A 55^ 5^-'^*'^' t>a2 05 32 ^-^ ^ rT ^ ^ -s -c *a m m S ££'n tZJOJ +3 ^ "^ ^ ® 00 tJ H> ^^ Pt^li t- O O O iO O lO rH CI CI C-1 CI CI CI tS P ist^ Uii M a 1 S i .2" -2 & c3 « « ^ « < ■• .. C3 '*'*■' ^ * " * Pi Ph Ph fi £ Q a - w ID.-=.J^ S .s«5 .WKp; W 4 Ph" w ■ a £3 If P5PQ Ph3S« o o O 3 .sags .^-2 a c3 o 3 rt3 $ a B S 0 ©■ ^'2 3 '3 ■■P 5 O ma i: c CC a) Is "■S'Sm ill 1^ Bt^-g-a 3.25 g 3 3.2 .23 ^ fe .ij g Pl C^SSS ^Sa HP5 SPhSSP pSp HH e? t-Tc-t" (n irfs 3 nf?' {>t" c-fcf cf c-f lo'i-T ?J rT T:f !2 !2 ^ * ^ CO 35 2 CO ■t-i CO cc 00 3E ^ T-l rl tH rH T-l 1 T-H tH r-l 1-1 I-H oc o5 So 00 55 * T-l rH t-H i-l rH T-l o a cT Ti? jT cTcroTsrsr C5 c-roT-r cfcf cTcTotCC ■^T-T ?f§^-^ ss (T^ (M (M CI C^ CI M CI CI M CI CI C5 CI 1-1 CI 1-1 4i St p p 5 3 * p ^"£.a 4^ « a?^5 ,1' »2 ® OQ cc ^ fa »&; fe 3|^ If to ^<<^, tA >i l^t>^S? > > > > >• > ■a CS 03 03 e3 c3 :8 M ^ 2i ^ ;2h^;z5 ^ __■« ^"^"^"^""^ cd ^ ^^^ 05 05 - .CJS ^^^JS ^^^c/iaiza s s s . ^ in 13' s 10 10 5 b PS »C '3 t^ 10 »0 SS2PPP (M CO c-i (M .P > 'C-t^'E Ph P- Ph P^ fHr^P. Ph UPh Ph . ^ 02 13 J8 < m" o B « i a •§ Is 3 -W „ - . - 3 '« 3 C >:'B ^ 2 S S t^ - rt 0) aj :S 1 1 a .2^ ^P.> := =" £ 1 « 3 la tn C 3 |S 1= tl '3 « 5 D y oj es K bios'? cs.s 3 3 5 p;(i;p^p;p^p^ •^•-5 b"o SP^ p 3 aj P " C,3 C5 C^ APPENDIX y. 915 O^ f^lO 00 >iS rH « 30 . © J>1 sabili 4or 1 titute, ,2 '5* S pi ^5 u-^% B9 +3 O fl W K S «4-l .rH ^ 5Q t^ o -a-a 2 cS 0) T) &s,s >» i c8 tS "^ § A 1 1 H fiQH „ , ^ ^ ^ S s N C-l lO cc ;c --o 00 00 00 00 r-^ rH rH rH ,H (O S Oio; t- '"' (M C<)(NiM ft ^SPX! MM £ on d unning. Joseph C. Given. 1857. Joseph Lunt, 2d. John L, Swift. Gardiner G. Frost. 1858. Joseph Lunt, 2d. John L. Swift. John S. Gross. 1859. Richard Greenleaf. William S. Given. Nathaniel Badger. I860. John L. Swift. Leonard Townsend. Augustus F. Cox. 1861. John L Swift. Leonard Townsend. Augustus F. Cox. 1862. Leonard Townsend. Augustus F. Cox. Francis Owen. 1863. Leonard Townsend. Augustus F. Cox. Francis Owen. 1864. Leonard Townsend. Augustus F. Cox. Francis Owen. 1865. Joseph Lunt, 2d. John L. Swift. Leonard Townsend. 1866. Joseph Lunt. Augustus F. Cox. John L. Swift. 1867. Joseph Lunt. Augustus F. Cox. Chas. C. Humphreys. 1868. C. C. Humphreys. J. C. Given. Henry Carvill. 1869. C. C. Humphreys. J. C. Given. Henry Carvill. 1870. Henry Carvill. Joseph Lunt, 2d. Lyman E. Smith. 1871. Henry Carvill. Lvmau E. Smith. Chas. N. Bates. 1872. Henry Carvill. Lyman E. Smith. John Crawford. 1873. Lyman E. Smith. Thomas U. Eaton. Larkiu D. Snow. APPENDIX VII. 925 1874. La^rkin D. Snow. Samuel S. Wing. Geo. P. Simpson. 1875. Samuel S. Wing. Geo. P. Simpson. Horatio A. Patten. isre. Lyman E. Smith. Samuel S. Wing. Thomas U. Eaton. 1877. Lyman E. Smith. Thomas U. Eaton. Sumner L. Holbrook. Town Clerks of Brunswick. Nathaniel Badger, from 1837 to 1859. Wimond Bradbury, 1741, 1742. Charles Coffin, 1803. David Dunning, 1762. Robert Fiuney, from 1744 to 1751. J. W. Forsaith, 1865 to 1867. Daniel Given, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820. Samuel Hinkley, 1739 Benjamin Larrabee, 1740, 1743. Nathaniel Larrabee, from 1766 to 1802. John McKeen, from 1821 to 1836. Johu Perry, 1809. Nathaniel Poor, 1814. Thomas Skolfield, from 1752 to 1761 and 1763, 1764, 17G5. Jotham Stone, from 1804 to 1808. Leonard Townsend, from 1860 to 1864, and from 1868 to 1877. Selectmen of Topsham. 1764. John Fulton. John Heed. John Merrill. 1765. No record. 1766. Adam Hunter. James Hendry, John Fultou. 1767. James Hunter. John Merrill. John Winchell. 1768. John Fulton. James Hunter. Johu Merrill. 1769. William Thorne. James Henry, Sen. Actor Patten. 1770. Joseph Graves. James Mustard. John Morrill. 1771. John Merrill. William Reed, Jr. James Fultou. 1773. John Fulton. John Merrill. James Potter, Jr. 1773. John Merrill. James Hunter. Samuel Graves. 1774. Thomas Wilson. James Beverage. John Winchell. 1775. Thomas Wilson. James Beverage. John Fulton. 1776. John Fulton. William Randall. Actor Patten. 1777. John Merrill. James Potter. James Fulton. 926 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOP SHAM, AND HARP SWELL. 1778. John Merrill. James Potter. James Fultou. 1779. John Merrill. James Hunter. W^illiam Wilson. 1780. John Merrill. James Fulton. William Wilson. 1781. John Merrill. Arthur Hunter. Jonathan Berry. 1782. Arthur Hunter. John Eeed. James Wilson. i-^ 1783. Arthur Hunter. James Wilson. John Sandford. 1784. John Fulton. James Wilson. Arthur Hunter. 1786, John Fulton. James AVilson. Arthur Hunter. 1786. John Fulton. James Wilson. Arthur Hunter. 1787. John Fulton. James Wilson. Arthur Hunter. 1788, John Fulton. James Wilson. Arthur Hunter. 1789, John Fulton. Jonston Graves. Ezekiel Thompson. 1790. William Wilson. John Kogers. Ezekiel Thompson. 1791. William Wilson. John Rogers. Ezekiel Thompson. 1793, William Wilson. Ezekiel Thompson. John Rogers. 1793. John Fultou. William Wilson. John Merrill. 1794. John Merrill. John Fulton. William Wilson. 1795. John Merrill. John Fulton. William Wilson. 1796. John Merrill. John Fultou. William Wilson. 1797. John Merrill. John Fulton. William Wilson. 1798. John Merrill. James Wilson. Alexander Rogers. 1799. William Wilson. Alexander Thompson. Robert Patten. 1800. John Merrill. Arthur Hunter. John Fulton. 1801. John Fulton. Arthur Huuter. John Merrill. AP PEN nix VII. 927 1803. Arthur Hunter. Johu Merrill. Alexander Rogers. 1803. John Merrill. Johu Fulton. Alexander Thompson. 1804. Alexander Thompson, Sen. Ezra Smith. John Rogers. 1805. John Merrill. Johu Rogei's. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. 1806. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Actor Patten, Jr. Crispus Graves. 1807. Actor Patten, Jr. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Crispus Graves. 1808. Actor Patten, Jr. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Crispus Graves. 1809. Actor Patten, 3d. Crispus Graves. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. 1810. Actor Patten, 3d. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. William Graves. 1811. William Graves. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. James Fulton, Jr. 1813. William Graves. Pelatiah Haley. Jr. James Fulton, Jr. 1813. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. William Graves. James Fulton, Jr. 1814. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Alexander Thompson. William Graves. 1815. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Alexander Thompson. William Graves. 1816. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. Alexander Thompson. William Graves. 1817. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. William Graves, Johu Rogers, Jr. 1818. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. William Graves. John Rogers, Jr. 1819. Pelatiah Haley, Jr. William Graves. George F. Patten. 1820. Benjamin J. Porter. David Foster. Arthur Huuter, Jr. 1831. Pelatiah Haley. John Rogers, Jr. William Graves. 1833. Pelatiah Haley. William Graves. John Rogers. 1833. Pelatiah Haley. William Graves. Capt. John Rogers. Pelatiah Haley. William Graves. Capt. John Rogers. 1825. Pelatiah Haley. William Graves. John Rogers, Jr. 928 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. 1836. Pelatiah Haley. Capt. John Rogers, Jr. Isaac ThompsoD. 1827. Nathaniel Green. Capt. John Rogers, Jr. John H. Thompson. 1828. Nathaniel Green. John H. Thompson. John Rogers, Jr. 1829. Nathaniel Green. John H. Thompson. Josiah Saudford. 1830. Nathaniel Green. Josiah Sandford. Isaac Thompson. 1831. John H. Thompson. Josiah Saudford. Samuel Perkins. 1832. John H. Thompson. Josiah Sandford. Samuel Perkins. 1833. John H. Thompson. Josiah Sandford. Samuel Perkins. 1834. John H. Thompson. Josiah Sandford. Samuel Perkins. 1835. John H. Thompson. Josiah Sandford. Samuel Perkins. 1836. John H. Thompson. George Rogers. Joshua Haskell. 1837. John H. Thompson. George Rogers. Joshua Haskell. 1838. George Rogers. Joshua Haskell. David Scribuer. 1839. Nathaniel Green. David Scribner. Benjamin Thompson. 1840. Nathaniel Green. David Scribner. Benjamin Thompson. 1841. David Scribner. Benjamin Thompson. Alvah Jameson. 1842. Nathaniel Green. Josiah Sandford. Francis T. Purinton. 1843. Nathaniel Green. Josiah Sandford. F. T. Purinton. 1844. Nathaniel Green. Francis T. Purinton. Matthew Patten. 1845. Alvah Jameson. George Rogers. Benjamin Thompson. 1846. Alvah Jameson. George Rogers. Uriah Jack. 1847. Alvah .Jameson. George Rogers. Uriah Jack. 1848. George Rogers. Uriah Jack. John H. Thompson. George Rogers. Uriah Jack. Charles E. White. APPENDIX VII. 929 1850.1 George Rogers. < !aleb Killgore. John H. Alexander. 1851. Geoi'ge Rogers. Caleb Killgore. John n. Alexander. 185S. George Rogers. Caleb Killgore. John Alexander, 1853. "William Dennett. Calel) Killgore. Humphrey F. Mallett. J 854. William Dennett. Humphrey P. Mallett. Holmau Staples. 1855. William Dennett. George Rogers. Aaron Hiukley. 1856. George Rogers. John H. Thompson. Robert Tate. i85r. George Rogers. Joshua Haskell. Robert Tate. 1858. Humphrey P Mallett. Joshua Haskell. Holmau Staples. 1859. George Rogers. Fred W. Dearborn. Charles T. Patten. I860. H. P. Mallett. Francis Adams. Given Jameson. 1861. H. P Mallett. Francis Adams. Given Jameson. 59 1863. Humphrey P. Mallett. George A. Rogers. Charles W. Purinton. 1863. H. P. Maliett. Given Jameson. David Work. 1864. H. P. Mallett. Given Jameson. David Work. 1865. H. P. Mallett. Given .Jameson. David Woi'k. 1S66. H. P. Mallett. Given .Tamesou. David Work. 1867. Francis Adams. Given Jameson. George A. Rogers. 1868. Francis Adams. George A. Rogers. Joseph H. Purington. 1869. Fi'ancis Adams. George A. Rogers. Joseph H. Purington. 1870. George A. Rogers. William E. Graves. Joseph H. Puriugton. 1871. George A. Rogers. William E. Graves. Joseph H. Purington. 1872. William Flye. David Work Charles W. Purinton. 1873. David Work. Charles W. Purinton. Joseph H. Purington. 930 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELL. i8r4. George A. Rogers. Cliaries W. Piiriuton. Isaac E. Mallett. isrs. Charles ^Y. Purintou. Isaac E. Mallett Charles E. Haskell. 1876. Isaac E. Mallett. Charles W. Puriiiton. Frederick W. Dearborn. 1871. Charles W. Pariutoii. Isaac E. Mallett, Frederick W. Dearbora. Town Clerks of Topsham. James T. Adams, 1861. James Harrou, 18G4. Bela T. Bicknell, 1842, 1843. William Dennett. 18:50, 1837. Alfred W. Dennett. 1874. Obadiah E. Frost, 1838, 1839. Robert Gower, from 1767 to 1772. Nathaniel Green, 1840. John Hnnter, 1773, 1774, 1775. Robert Hnnter, from 177G to 1793. Benjamin .Taqnes, from 18G5 to 1870. Gould Jewell, 1841. F. T. Littleficld, 1861. Abel Merrill, 1819. John Morse, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806. Benjamin Jones Porter, 1794, 1795, 1796. Abner W. Pnriugton, 1850, 1862, 1803. John Rogers, 1797, 1798. George Rogers, from 1S13 to 1818. Thomas E'^Sandford, 1812 Ezra Smith, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802. John H. Thompson, from 1829 to 1835, and 1852, 1853, 1854, 1859. William Thorne, 1764, 1700. Nathaniel Walker, from 1820 to 1828. Charles E. White, from 1843 to 1849, and 1857. 1858, 1871, 1876. 1877. Robert P. Whitnejs 1850, 1851, 1800. Henrv Wilson, from 1807 to 1811. L. M". Work, 1855. Charles W. Wilson, 1872, 1873, 1875. SULKCTMEN OF HaRPSWELL. 175^. David Cnrtis. Isaac Hall. Andrew Dunning. 1759. David Curtis. Andrew Dunning. Paul Raymond. 1760. Edward Easters. Jonathan Flint. Andrew Dunning. Paul Raymond. Isaac Snow. 1761. Jonathan Flint. P.ml Raymond. Walter Merriman. 1763. Jonathan Flint. Walter Merriman. James Booker. 1763. Capt. William Sylvester. Lieut .Joshua Berstow. Paul Raymond. 1764. Andrew Dunning. Nehemiah Curtis. Paul Raymond. 1765. Pan! Raymond. Nehemiah Curtis. John Roduck. 1768. Nehemiah Curtis. John Roduck Nathaniel Purintou. 1767. Nathaniel Purintou. Nehemiah Curtis. John Roduck. APPENDIX VII. 931 176S. William Sylvester, Esq. I'^dward Ciiniiigham. Nathaniel Puriutou. 17G9. William Sylvester, Esq. Edward Cimiugham. Nathaniel Puriuton. 17 70. Paul Raymond. Capt. John Stover. Ezekiel Cui'tis. 1771. William Sylvester. Ezekiel Curtis. Paul Raymond. 1773. William Sylvester. Ezekiel Curtis. Isaac Snow. ' 17T3. William Sylvester. Isaac Snow. Ezekiel Curtis. 1774. William Sylvester. John Snow. Ezekiel Curtis. 1775. Lieut. John Roduck. Anthony Coombs, Jr. William Sylvester. 1776. William Sylvester, Esq. Lieut. John Roduck. Ensign Anthony Coombs, Jr. 1777. William Sylvester, Esq. John Roduck. Anthony Coombs, Jr. 1778. William Sylvester, Esq. Nathaniel Puriuton, Esq. Capt. Nehemiah Curtis. 1779. William Sylvester, Esq. John Roduck. Simeon Hopkins. 17S0. John Roduck. Nathaniel Puriuton, Esq. Ezekiel Curtis. 1781. John Roduck. Lieut. Beuj. Duuing. Dea. Isaac Snow. 1782. Capt. Isaac Snow. John Roduck. Lieut. Benj, Duuing. 1783. William Sylvester. John Roduck. Nathaniel Puriuton. 1784. John Roduck. Nathaniel Puriuton. Ezekiel Curtis. 1785. John Roduck. Nathaniel Puriuton. Ezekiel Curtis. 1786. Nathaniel Puriuton. John Roduck. Ezekiel Curtis. 1787. Nathaniel Puriuton. John Roduck. Ezekiel Curtis. 1788. John Roduck. Ezekiel Curtis. Anthony Coombs. 1789. John Roduck. Anthony Coombs. Ezekiel Curtis. 1790. Isaac Snow. Daniel Randall. Ezekiel Curtis. 1791. Joliusou Stover. Jahn Rodick. Stephen Puriutou. 932 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSIIAM, AND IIARPSWELL. 1792. Johnson Stover. John Hodick. Isaac Snow. 1793. John Eodick. Ezeklcl Curtis. Stephen Purinton. 1794, Joseph Carr. Johnson Stover. Capt. Nehemiah Curtis. 1795. John Rodick. Ezckiel Curtis. Lieut. Antliouy Coombs. 1796. John Rodick. Kzekiel Curtis. Lieut. Anthony Coombs. 1797. Samuel Snow. John l^odick. Marlborough Sjivester. 1798. Samuel Snow. John Rodick. Marlborougli Sylvester. 1799. John Rodick. Marlborough Sylvester. Charles Ryan. 1800. Paul Randall. Marlborough Sylvester. Antliony Coombs. 1801. Anthony Coombs. M arlborough Sylvester. Capt. Nehemiah Curtis. 1803. Anthony Coombs. Marlborough Sylvester. John Rodick. 180.3. Capt. Samuel Snow. Marlborough Sylvester. Paul Curtis. 1804. Marlborough Sylvester. John Snow, Jr. Johnson Stover. 1805. John Snow, Jr. Marlborough Sylvester. Capt. Johnson Stover. 1806. Marlborough Sylvester. Capt. Johnson Stover. Capt. John Snow. 1807. Harrison Cleaves. Marlborough Sylvester. Paul Raymond. 1808. Marlborough Sylvester. Alcot Stover, Jr. Paul Raymond. 1809. John Curtis. Alcot Stover, Jr. Paul Raymond. 1810. John Curtis. Alcot Stover, ,Tr. Paul Raymond. 1811. John Curtis. Paul Raymond. Alcot Stover, Jr. 1812, John Curtis. Alcot Stover, Jr. Paul Raymond. John Curtis. Stephen Snow. Alcot Stover, Jr. John Curtis. Alcot StoA'er, Jr. Paul Raymond. 1815. Marlborough Sylvester. Alcot Stover, Jr. Anthony Coombs. APPENDIX VII. 933 1816. Alcot Stover, Jr. John Curtis. Paul Raymoud. 1817. John Curtis. Alcot Stover, Jr. Paul Raymoud. 1818. Benjamin Randall. John Pennell. Paul Raymond. 1819. John Curtis. Benjamin Randall. Paul Raymoud. 1830. Georg-e Skolflcld. l^enjamin Randall. Stephen Merritt. 1821. Paul Raymond. Joliu Curtis. Capt. Peleg Curtis. 1833. John Curtis. Paul Raymond. Benjamin Randall. 1833. Isaac Sj'lvester. Benjamin Randall. Paul Raymond. Isaac Sylvester. Samuel Toothaker. Capt. Peleg Curtis. 1835. Peleg Curtis. Isaac Sylvester. Samuel Toothaker. 1836. vSamuel Toothaker. Paul Randall. Peleg Curtis. 1837. Sylvester Stover. Paul Raudall. Samuel Toothaker. 183". Benjamin Randall. Samuel Toothaker. James Merymau, '6(\. 1839. James Meryman. ikl. Benjamin Randall. Samuel Toothaker. 1830. James Eastman. James Meryman, od. Benjamin Randall. 1831. Peleg Curtis. James Meryman, 3d. Simeon Ori". 1832. Paul Randall. John Stover. Simeon Orr. 1833. Paul Randall. Benjamin Wandall. Samuel Toothaker. 1834. Peleg Curtis. James Meryman, 3d. Samuel Toothaker. 1835. Isaac Stover. Paul Randall. Stephen Snow. 1836. Isaac Stover. Paul Randall. Samuel Toothaker. 1837. Isaac Stover. Paul Randall. James Eastman. 1838. Benjamin Randall. Thomas Alexander. James Eastman. 1839. Thomas Alexander. William Randall. Simeon Orr. 934 HISTORY OF BRUNSWICK, TOPSHAM, AND HARPSWELI. 1840. Washington Garcelon. Thomas Alexandei*. Simeon Orr. 1841. Benjamin Kandall. James Moryman, 3d. Simeon Orr. 1843. Paul Randall. Isaac Stover. Sanmel Toothaker. 1843. raul Randall. Isaac Stover. Sanmel Toothaker. 1844, Paul Randall. Harry C. Martin. Simeon Hopkins. 1845. Isaiah Snow. Paul Randall. Washingtcni Garcelon. 1846. Alcot Stover. Robert Pcniiell. Robert Stover. 1847. Isaiah Snow. Alcot Stover. Robert Peunell. 1848. Isaiah Snow. Robert Pcnnell. James Stover. ' 1849. James Stover. Isaiah Snow. Robert Peunell. 18.50. Robert Peunell. James Stover. Isaiah Snow. 1851. James Stover. Isaiah Snow. Robert Peunell. 1852. Robert Pennell. Isaiah Snow. James Stover. 185.3. Thomas I". Eaton. Simeon Hopkins. David Webber. 18.'>4. Thos. IT. Eaton. David Webber. Simeon Hopkins. 1855. Thos. U. Eaton. David Webber. Isaiah Suow. 1856. Thos. U. Eaton. Alcot S. Merry num. Alexander Ewing. i85r. Henry Barnes. Lemuel H. Stover. Alexander Ewing. 1858. Henry Barnes. Lemuel II. Stover. Alexander Ewing. 1850. Thos. U. Eaton. Wm. Randall. Joseph Orr. 1800. Thos. IT. Eaton. Wm. Randall. Joseph Orr. 1861. William Randall. Paul A. Durgan. Isaiah Snow. 1863. Isaiah SnoAV. Hutson Merriman. David Webber. 1863. Geo. R. Skolfield. Lemuel II. Stover. Joseph D. Wyer. APPENDIX Vll. 935 1864. Lemuel H. Stover. AVin. C. Eaton. Samuel S. Toothaker, 1865. Wm. C. Eaton. L. H. Stover. Samuel S. Toothaker. 1866. Thos. Pennell. E. C. Simpson. Stephen Purinton. 1867. L. H. Stover. William C. Eaton. Charles E. Trufant. 1868. "William C. Eaton. L. H. Stover. Eraucis J. Orr. 1869. L. H. Stover. William C. Eaton. S. S. Toothaker. 1870. Isaac Merrymau, 2d. Sylvester Stover. S. S. Toothaker. 1871. David Pennell. L. H. Stover S. S. Toothaker. 1873. James Alexander. E K. Hodgkins. S. S. Toothaker. 1873. Thomas E. Skolfleld. Moses Bailey. S. S. Toothaker. 1»«74. Thomas E. Skolfleld. Moses Bailey Samuel S. Toothaker. 1875. Thomas E. Skolfleld. Moses Bailey. Charles E. Trufant. 1876. Thomas E. Skolfleld. Elijah K. Hodgkins. Charles E. Trufant. 1877. Thomas E. Skolfleld. Elijah K. Hodgkins. Charles E. Trufant. Town Clerks of Haupswell. Anthony Coombs, ,Jr , 1783, 1793. Andrew Dunning, from 1758 to 1782. Andrew Dunning, from 1814 to 1820. Benjamin Dunning, 1791, 1792. Wiliian Dunning, Jr , from 1800 to 1811. Joseph Eaton, from 1821 to 1825 Thomas U. Eaton, from 1853 to 185", and in 1859, 1860 Washington Garcelon, 1844, 1845. James Meryman, 3d, 1833, 1834, 1835 Robert Pennell, from 1846 to 1852. Paul Pandall, from 1820 to 1832 (supply James Mervman, q.v ), and from 1836 to 1843. Elisha S. Stover. 1863, 1864, 1865, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877. Lemuel H. Stover, 1858, 1861, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871. Sylvester Stover, 1862, 1866. Marlborough Sylvester, from 1794 to 1799, and in 1813. William Sylvester, from 1784 to 1790. GE:NrERAL IISTDEX. A. Abagadusset Point, 3, 27, 28, 82. Abagadusset River, 3, 21, 76, 82. Abenaki, The, 1,3. Aboriginal Inhabitants, 1-6. Academical Institutions, 475-7 486-7 496-7. Accidents at Mills, etc., 318. Accidents by Stage, 325. Accidents, Curious, 208. Accidents, Fatal, 229, 316-19. Accidents from Lightning, 317. . Account-Book of Elisha Eaton, Docu- ment from the, 443-4. Account-Books. See Dav-Books. Account of the Settlements made on Wharton's Lands, 19-21. Account of a Barge ordered off from Bailey's Island, 695. • Acts of Annexation, 109, 156-8. Act of Incorporation, 36, 38, 84, 85 ; of Brunswick, 106-7, 150. Act of Incorporation of Harpswell, 161-2. Act of Incorporation of Topsham, 182-3. Actions at Law, lo. Adams Hall, Bowdoin College, 518. Address to Senators, 141. Adventures of Molly Phinney, 67-8. Advocate of Freedom, The, 308. Agreement of the Continental Congress, 122-3. Agriculture, 215. Agricultural and Mechanical Association, The, 238-9. Ah-me-lah-cog-netur-cook, 4. Alder, 99. Alewife, 94. Amasaquanteg, 4. Amascongan, 4. Amazonian Spar, 97. Amitigonpontook, 4, Ammunition, Town Stocks of, 119, 121 124, 167, 173, 184, 189,695. Amphibians, 92-3. Amphibite, 98. Amusements, 206-7, 222-5. Analytical Laboratory, Bowdoin ColIe"-e 518, ■ " ' Anasagunticook, The, 1, 4. Anconganunticook, 4. Androscoggin Bank, The, 616. Androscoggin Bridge, The, 80, 548. Androscoggin Falls, The, 14, 107, 554. Androscoggin Fire Company, 275-6. Androscoggin Fire-Engine' No. 2, 231, 275. Androscoggin Free Press, The, 307. Andrcscoggin Indians, 2, 49, 50, 52, Androscoggin Kiver, The, 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 13, 30, 52,"58, 75-8, 82, 83, 94, 96, 107, 110, 1.32, 133, 187. Anecdotes, 88-9, 212-13, 219, 221, 223, 241, 299, 320, 365-6, 372, 385-6. Annexation, 115, 117, 132, 183-4, 187-8. Antislavery Society, 233. Apatite, 97. Apothecaries, 587. Appleton Hail, Bowdoin College, 518. Appropriations for the "War of tlie Rebel- lion ; in Brunswick, 696, 700; in Harpswell, 702-5; in Topsham, 700-2. Arbor-Vita;, 99. Areas, 25, 28, 30, 43, 75, 104. Arnold's Men quartered in Brunswick, 683. Arockamecook, 4. Aroostook, 91. Arundel, 11, 34. Ash, 99. Ash Cove, 87. Assistant to the Government, 18. Associations, 233, 238, 256, 372. Atkins Bay, 7, 13, 14. Attack upon the Indians, Harmon's, 55 Attack upon Mr. Wilson by Gen. Thompson et ah., 680. Attack upon a Picaroon at Harpswell, 685. Atictioneers, 577. Augusta, 75. Aurora, 101. Autographs, Fac-Similes of, 632, 748. B. Bagaduce Expedition, Order to raise a Regiment for the, etc., 686. Bagadu.sset, 3. Bailey's Island, 75, 84-7 Bakers, 577-8, 611, 619. Bald Rock, 83. 938 GENERAL INDEX. Balls, 231. Bandhox jManufactory, 568. Band, Brnuswick Brass, 246. I?aiiks, r)75-7. Bank Street, 5,59. Baptisms, 368, 370-1, 405, 424, 426, 432, 442-3, 446. Baptist Societies, 377-388. Baptist Church, Brunswick, 380 ; Ilarps- well,384; Federal Street, 384; Tops- liam, Predcstinarian, 421 ; Church Society, To])shani, 423-6. Bapti.'^t Churcli and Society, Brunswick, Maine Street, 387-8 ; Second, 383. Baptist Church and Society, Harpswell, First, 44C)-7 ; Second, 447-9. Baptist Preaching in Bruiis\yick, The tirst, 377-8; iu Topsham, 419; in Harpswell, 446. Baptist Eeligious Society in Bruus\yick, Harpswell, and Bath, S78. Baptist Keligious Society of Bruns^yick, 382, 383 ; of To])sh'ani, 420-3. Baptist Society, at JMaquoit, 379 ; in Brulls^vick, First, 381, 383 ; Second, 383, 386; Federal Street, 386-7 ; in Topsham 411, 419-23. Baptist Societies, Differences hetween, 383. Baptist Societies, Separation from, 423. Barhers, 578. Barne's Island, 87. Barometrical Statistics, 101. Bass-Viol in Church, 389. Bath, 69, 75, 76, 84, 144. Bath, Maine Enquirer, 310. Bath Street, 539. Baxter's Island, 42, 81. Bay Bridge, 81, 322. Bear Bay, 5. Bear Place, 5. Bears, 88-9, 220. Bears, Anecdote about, 83. Beayer, 88. Beech, 99. Beech Island, 78, 85. Beef for the Army, 129, 185-C, 68C-7. Bell, Tlie First Church, 145, 371 ; other Bells, 373. Berwick, 57. Beryl, 97. Bible of Rev. Robert Dunlap, 670, Bight, The, 11. Bill for l»e])airs ni)ou East Meeting- Ilouse, 593. Biographies, 709. Bioiite, 97. Birch, 99. Birch Island, 75, 87. Birds, 90-2. Bislio]>sc(jtto, The Riycr, 9. Bismuthonite, 98. Bison Teeth, 96. Blackiish, Capture of, 93-4, Black Point, 2. Blacksmitlis, 578-9, 611, 619-20. Blank Book of Samuel Adams, 671-2. Block Houses, 57, 69, 633-5, 651-2, 662. Blnefish, 94. Boat-Builders, 579, 620. Boody Street, 539. Bookbinders, 579. Bookstores, 587. Booms, 563. Boom, Androscoggin, 563; carried oil by Freshet, 564. Boot antl Shoe Dealers, 587. Boot and Shoe Makers, 579, 612, 620. Bolt to mark the Beginning of Lots and Roads in Brimswick,537. Bomazeen Island, 56, 87, 89. Boston, 19, 31, 32, 39, 44, 47, 48, 119, 121, 125, 128, 134, 187. Bottle-Basket, 671. Boundaries, 23-4, 7.5, 106-7, 119, 126, 144, 155, 180, 184. Bounties, 126, 169, 170, 696-7, 698-700, 700-2, 702-5. Bow Street, 51, .539. Bowdoiu, 26, 75-6, 144, 202. Bowdoinham, 25, 35,44, 7.5-6, 82, 184, 188. Bowdoiu College, Act in Regard to, 510- 12. Atlienasau Society of, 505-6. Beneyolent Society of, 507. Buildings of, 501, 504, 50S-9, 513. Calnyian Society of, 507. Colored Graduates of, 510. Decision of Court in Regard to, 511-12. Douations to, 500, 509. Effect of Act of Separation on, 507-8, 510-12. Fire in, 509. First Commencement at, 503—4. Graduates of, 517. Inaugurations at, 502, 505. Incorporation of, 499. Land (irants to, 499, 500. Libraries of, 517. Museum of, 97. Qyerseers of, 499, 500-1, 508. Petitions for, 498 Peucinian Society of, 501, «0'625- 35; in ^Topsliam, 651-2; in Slarps- well, 662. Fort Andro.ss, 51-2, 54, 625 ; at Casco, undermined, 52; at Pejepscot, 15. Fort George, 32, 35, 38-9, '54, 56-7,62, 65, 66,'68, 70, 107,110,117,206, 209, 625-33 ; Ruins of, 633 ; Cost of, 627- 9 ; dismantled, 68, 625, 629 ; lea.sed, 68, 633 ; Petition against dismant- ling of, 629-32. Fort Right, The, 556, 559. Fort, an Indian, 52, 651 ; at Harpswell, 694. Fort Riclimond, 57-8. Fort Saint George, 7. Foundries, 570. Fourth Indian War, 53-6. Foxes, 90. Franklin Family School, 239, 487,659-61. Franklin Street, 540. Freeport, 19, 67, 75, 77, 83, 134, 144. Freeport Road, 90. Free-Will Baptist Societies in Brunswick, 388-91 ; in Hari^swell, 449-50 ; iu Topsliam, 426-9. French and Indian War, 65-70. Freshet Rock, 79. Freshet, The Great, 320-1. Freshets, 187-8, 319-22. Freyer's Island (or Friar's), 81. Friends in Harpswell, 436. Friends, Society of, 388. Frogs, 93. Frost, 101. Frost-Fish, 94. Fulton's Point, 18, 54, 81. Funerals, 208-9. Funerals, Metliod of conducting, 339. Furniture Store, 588. Furs, Trade iu, 552. G. Galenite, 97. Gales, 102. Gardiner, 96. Garnets, 97. Garrison at.Maquoit, 633; The .Dun- ning, 634 ; TheKJiveeu, 634 ; The > Gurnet Point, 635 ; The /Hinkley, 634; 'Ham's, 634; ■.McFarland''s, 634-5 ; 'Minot's, 634 ; tSkoltield's, 635 ; tSpear's, 635;' James Wilson's, 652; at/ Foreside, 652; Thd'Gore, 652 ; on Bailey's Island, 662 ; ou Orr's Island, 662 ; on Harpswell Neck, 662. Garrisons, 37, 43, 68-9, 209, 633-5. Gas Manufacture, 570-7. Geese, 47, 92. General and Social, 205-56. General Court of Massacliusetts, 10, 17, 21-2, 25, 27, 29, 35, 36, 50, 61, 63, 104, 106, 109, 112, 114-21, 124-5, 128-32, 134, 156, 160, 162, 184-90. Geological Features, 95-6. Georgetown, 39, 112. Gift of God, The, 7. Gilman Ayenue, 540. Glaciers, 95. Gneiss, 95. Goat Island, 78, 102. Gohnite, 98. Golden Pipe, 80. Goose Island, 85, 87. Goose Rock, 78, 545. Gore, The, 19. Goslings, The, 85, 87. Granite, 95. Grant of the Proyince of Laconia, 26. Grant to Purcliase and Way, 9. Grannv-Hole Bridge, Mill, and Stream, 79-80. 944 GENERAL INDEX. Graveyaril at Grow.sto-\vn, 341 ; ITarps- well, 341) ; Ma.jnoit, 341 ; Xew Mead- ows, 341, 346 ; in Topsliam Vill^se, 348; of First Parish, I5ritj)s«ick,340 ; of First Parish, Tojjsliam, 347 ; Piue Grove, 341-2. Great Fire, The, 259, .561. Great Islaud, Harpswell, 5, 1 1, 44, 75, 84- 7, 93. Great Island, Topsham, 80. Great Jel)eagLsland, 11, 44. Great Plague, The, 314. Greene, 26, 88. Green Street, 540. Grosbeaks, 91. Grouse, 90-1. Grove Street, 540. Growstown, 83. Guard left on Bailey's Island in 1812, 694-5. Guide-Boards, 534. Gulf Dam, 79. Gulls, 92. Gun of James Cochran, 671 ; of Thomas Spear, 674. Gun-Houses, 635, 652. Gun-House struck by Lightning, 102. Gunpowder, Appropriation for, 134, '685. Gunsmiths, 581, 620. Gurnet, The, 87. Gurnet Bridge, The, 56, 87. Gyles's Point, 81. H. Hackmatack, 99. Hacks, 338. Haddock, 94. Hail, 101-2. — Hake, 94. Halifax^ 68. Hallowell, 134, 189. Halls, Puldic, 204, 292-8, 301. Ham's Hill, 16, 84. Hanover, 85. Harding's Station, 63. liares, 90. Harness-Makers, 583, 612, 620. Harpswell Academy, 496-97 ; a District, 162; a Precinct, 160; and Bruns- wick Church, 378, 384, 446-7 ; Ban- ner, 310; Church, 378, 384, 446-7; first District Meeting of, 162; first Officers of, 162; first Town Meeting of,169 ; Harbor, 84, 87 ; incorporated, 155; in War of Bebellion, 702-5; Island 5, 98, 245; Island Meeting- House, 89 ; Militia Companies, 693 ; Nameof, 162 ; Keck, 5, 17, 18, 41,44, 75, 84, 85, 87, 98 ; Kepresentation of, 174, 176; under Common wcaltli of Massachusetts, 155-73 ; under State of Maine, 173-9 ; Street, 540. Harraseekit Bay, 101 ; Landing, 77. Hartford, 8, 12. Harvard College Claim, 17, 45. Harwood's Brook, 82. Ha.skeirs Island, 75, 85-6. Hat and Cap Makers, 581-2, 612. Hat-Box of William Woodside, 671. Hawks, 91. H.ay Scales, The first, 142, 584, 613. Hay sent td Brunswick, 28. Health, Board(or Committee) of, 175,315. Hearse jmrchased, etc., 142, 151, 154, 175, 200, 204. Height of Falls, 78. Hematite, 98. Hemlock, 99. Heron, The Great Blue, 92. •Herring, 94. High-Bank Brook, 5. High Head, 87. High Street, 540. Highways, 196. High W'ind, 322. Hodgkins's Hall, 294, 297. Hoe-Land, 4. Hoeg Island, 18. Hogs, 221. Home, A Frontier, 645-6, Horse Blocks, 219-20. Horse-Chestnut, 99. Horse Island, 87. Hospitalities, 315-16. Hostilities. See Settlers, Attacks upon. Hotels, 290-302 See also Taverns. Houses, Old, 219-20, 645-50, 658-60, 667-9. House, The Alexander, 649; Cleaveland, 650; Coffin, 659; Douglass (Wm.), 659; Dunlap, 647-8; Dunning, 649; Dunning (Andrew), 667-8; Fastman (James), 668; F^stabrook, 648-9; Forsaith, 650; Foster, 659; Fro.st (Major), 659-60 ; Oilman, 649; Goss, 650; Jackson, 649; Hinkley, 647; Howland (Stock- bridge), 660; Jovce, 650; McKeen, 648;'McLella)i, 6.50; Melchcr, 648- 9 ; Merrill, 659 ; Old Bed, 658 ; Orr (.Joseph), 668-9; Page, 650; Palmer. 649-50; Patten (Pachel), 660; Pierce, 649 ; Porter, 660; Pn- rinton (Collins), 660; Purinton (Na- thaniel), 668 ; Bandall (Paul), 668; Eogers, 659; Siniiett (Michael), 669 ; Thompson (Charles), 660; Thomp- son (Robert), 646-7; Yea/ie, 668; Walker, 660 ; Weymouth, 649 ; ^\'ilson (.James), 659 ; Wilson (Swanzey), 659. Houses, burnt in Brunswick, 257-67 ; in Harpswell. 271 ; in Topsham, 267-70. House of Correction, 283. Humphrey's Hall, 297 ; Ship-Yard, 81 ; Steam-Mill, 81. GENERAL INDEX. 945 Hunnewell's Cove, 155. Huuters, 209. Hunter's Island, 81. Hydraulian Fire Company, 272. Hydrauliau Fire-Engine, 272. Ice a Sculptor, 96. Illuminations, 232. Incorporation of First Baptist Church and Society, Topsham, 411, 419- 23. Incorporation of Towns. See Act of. Indenture between Purchase and Gov. Wiuthrop, 9. Indian Attacks, 207, 208; Deeds, 12-16; Hunting, 52; Language, 3 ; Marks, 15; Names, 3-5, 84; Point, 547; Point Landing, 6 ; Pace of Lt. Woodside with, 206-7 ; Relics, 673, 674-5;. Trails, 205; Village, 1, 6; Wars, 2, 37, 43, 49-70, 207. Indians, The, 1-6, 19, 24, 30, 43, 47, 49- 70, 81, 114, 206-7,209. Inhabitants, First Meeting of, 104; Pub- lic Meetings of, 104-5, 108-12. Inns, 190, 229, 230, 290-302. Also see Taverns. Insane Persons, 201. Insanity, 316. Insects, 92. Installations to the Ministry, 372, 426, 431. Instructions to Representatives, 116, 126. Insurance Company, The Brunswick Mutual Marine, 577 ; Harpswell Mutual Fire, 621-2. Inventory of taxable Property in 1762, 600-7. Ipswich, 43. Irish, 205. Irish, " Wild," 205. Irony Islands, 87. Iron Pyrites, 97. Island, The, 80. Islands, 42, 44, 46-8, 75, 78, 80-1, 84-7, 121, 132, 145, 183-4, 186-7. Island Street, 541. \ ^ -^ Jaques's Harbor, 87 ; Island, 86.-* ^'■' Jay Point, 53. Jay, The Blue, 91 ; The Canada, 91. Jenny's Island, 86. Joiners, 612. Journal of Capt. Gatchell's March up the Kennebec, 58-60. Juniper, 99. Jurisdiction of Territory, 23, 26 Juvenile Key, The, 308. Juvenile Watchman, The, 309. 60 K. Kennebec Company, 7, 17, 24, 25, 36, 44; Fire-Engine, 273-4 ; Indians, 52; Journal, 309 ; River, 1,10, 13-14, 18, 24-5, 27, 50-1, 76, 82, 155. Kingfisher, 92. King Philip's War, 18, 49-51. King William's War, 51-2. King Chapel, 77, 513, 518. Kingston, 44. Kittery, 11, 18, 57, 84. Kiver, 94. L. Laconia, Province of, 26. Lake of New Somersett, 76. Lamps and Candles, 221. Land Claims, 17, 45, 48; Owners, 865; Sales, 11-12, 19, 21, 23-4, 35, 37, 42, 44, 47. Landing in Brunswick, The, 80. Larches, 99. Lawsuits, 45, 201, 379. Lawyers in the three Towns, 287-9. Lav Exhorters, 370. Leases, 38, 42, 45, 46. Lectures, 225-7, 245. Lecture on — An Interior World, 225; A General Description of Inverte- brates, 227 ; American History, 226 ; Astronomy, 226 ; Common-Sense, 227 ; Education, 226 ; Electricity, 226 ; Explosions of Steam-Boilers, 226 ; Graharaism, 225 ; Hygiene, 226 ; Iceland, etc., 227 ; Macchiavelli, 226 ; Methods of reckoning Time, 227 ; Nationality, 226 ; Natural His- tory, 227 ; Natural Histor}' and Fine Arts, 227 ; Origin, etc., of the In- dians, 226 ; Physiology, 226 ; Popu- lar Education, 226 ; Primary Schools, 226 ; Rags and Paper, 227 ; Read- ing, 226; Steam-Enginery, 226; Storms and Meteorology, 226 ; The Acadians, 227 ; Past, Present, and Future of Maine, 227 ; Relation of Natural History and Religion, 227 ; The Saracens, 226 ; True Enterprise, 226; Vegetable Life, 226; Walking, 227. Lectures, Antislavery, 233; Temperance, 250. Leda Truncata, 96, Leeds, 26. Lemont Hall, 298, Length of Rivers, 76. Lepidolite, 97. Letters from Aaron Hinkley, 119-20; Isaac Hinkley, 60-61 ; Jolm Minot, 119; Moses Getchell, 45-6; Mrs. Wilson to Thorn, 286 ; Proprietors, 33, 35-6; of Brig. Thompson in 1775, 678-9 ; of Instruction to Larrabee, 946 GENERAL INDEX. 31 ; to Committee of Correspond- ence, Boston, 131 ; to Town of Brnns-vvick from Mr. Duulap, 361-2. Lewiston, 4, 25, 26, 75, 144. Lewiston Bridge, The, 95. Libraries, 244. Library of Dr. Woods burnt, 266. Lime Quarry, 571. " Lining ont " the Hymns, 213. Liucohi Fire Club, Topsham, 275. Lincoln Street, 242, 541. Ling, 94. Liquor Licenses, 149, 174-5, 177, 202, 254; Traffic, Statement of, 250,597-8. Liquors, 221-2; Amount sold and Price of, in 1812, 250, 597-8. Lisbon, 25, 26, 75, 78, 144. List of early Settlers and Land-Owners, 865. Litchfield, 76, 144. Literary Banner, The, 310. Little Birch Island, 86-7. Little Irony Island, 87. Little River, 8, 186. Little Sebascodigan. See Orr's Island. Lizards, 93. Loan to Kennebec R. R. Co., 152 ; Protest against the, 152. Lobsters, 93, 1 75-6. Localities, 78-88. Locomotive, The first, 326. Long Cove, 87 ; Dam, 79 ; Ledge, 86 ; Reach, 87. Lookout Island, 87 ; Point, 86, 87. Loons, 92. Lots, Apportionment of, 28-30, 32, 34- 5; Prices of, 31-2, 39. Louisburg, Expedition to, 57-8, 64. Loup Cerviers, 88, 90. Lovewell's AVar, 6, 53-6. Lover's Lane, 543. Lower Carrying-Place, The, 6. Lumber Business, Statistics of the, 560-2. Lygonia, Province of, 26. Lynn, 12, M. Machines, Planing, 561. Maciiine Shops, 571. Mackerel, 94. Mackerel Cove, 87. McKeen Street, 541. McLellan's Hall, 298. Magistrates, 278, 280, 282, 289. Magnetite. 97. Mail-Carriers, 302 ; Route, 70, 303 ; Stages, 303 ; first daily, 303. Mails, 302-3. Main Street, 544-5. Maine, Baptist Herald, 307 ; Intelligen- cer, 306-7 ; Ilall, Bowdoin College, 517-18 ; Historical Societies' Rooms, 517-18; Province of, 7, 11-12, 17, 26, 50, 52, 53; State of, 1, 143; Street, 32, 51, 89, 154, 242, 541. See also 12-Rod Road. Maine Bank, The, 575 ; Cotton and Woollen Factory Company, 564-5. Mair Brook, 62, 83, 209; Point, 1-18, 20, 21, 28, 37, 50, 52, 83-8, 102, 107, 109, 155. Malachite, 98. Mall, The, 32, 538-9. Mammalia, 88-90. Management of the Tongue and Moral Observer, The, 306. Manners and Customs, 206-22. Manufactories of various Kiuds,5Gl, 568- 74. Maple, 99. Maps, 40, 72. Ma(juoit, 1, 5, 6, 13-14, 18, 20, 31-2,39, 51-2, 54, 56-7, 62, 66, 68-9, 83, 88, 98, 101, 104, 107, 117, 133, 155, 188, 205. Marble Works and Workers, 582,609-10. Marine IMammals, 93. Mark Islands, 86. Marsh, The, 134. Martins, 91. Mary and John, The, 7. Masons, 582, 620. Mason Rock, 80, 81, 188. Mason Street, 541 ; Religious Society, 396-7 ; Ladies' Association of the Society, 397. Masonic Hall 239, 240, 297; Journal, 309 ; Lodge, 239-41. Massachusetts — Colony, 26 ; Common- wealth of, 38, 51 ; Militia, 52; Hall, BoAvdoin College, 517. Massacre of Thomas Means, 67 ; of oth- ers, 69. Ma,sts, The Royal, 574. Match Factory, 571, 610. May Trainings, Burlesque, 224-5, 696. Measles, 314. Mechanic Fire-Engine, Tlie, 271. Medianic Yohmteers, 695. Medfield, 81. Medical College, 102, 518, Medical School of Maine,518-20; Forma- tion of the, 518 ; Graduates of the, 519; Professors, etc., of the, 518-20. Meeting, Going to, 212, 214-15. Meetiug-House at New Meadows, 380; burnt in Brunswick, 260, 640 ; Cath- olic, 405 ; of Centre Cong. Society, Harpswell, 451, 453 ; Subscription Paper for Latter, 665-7; lieated, 371 ; Lot, Ownership of, 372; of Baptist Societies, Topsham, 420, 423-4, 656 ; of Federal Street Societies, Bruns- wick, 385 ; of Free-Will Bajjtist Soci- eties, Brunswick, 388, 391, 642-3 ; of GENEEAL INDEK. 947 Free- Will Baptist Society, Topsham, 427-8, 656; of Free- Will Baptist Society, Harpswell, 449; of Orr's Island, 449-50, 667 ; of Methodist Society, Brunswick, 400, 402, 644 ; of Methodist Society, Harpswell, 454, 667 ; of Orthodox Society, Topsham, 429, 432 ; Subscription Paper for building the Last, 654-6 ; of First Parish, Brunswick, 54, 102, 116, 220, 354, 358-60, 365, 371, 373, 637-42; of First Parish of Harps- well, 436, 445, 662-5 ; of First Par- ish of Topsham, 190, 214, 406, 413- 4, 652-4 ; of Unitarian Society, Brunswick, 394, 398, 643-4 ; of Uni- tarian Society, Topsham, 433-4 ; of Universalist Society,Brunswick, 393, 396, 643-4 ; of Universalist Society, Harpswell, 450; Old Yellow, 420, 656 ; of St. Paul's Parish, 404, 644- 5 ; Union, at Growstown, 643 ; Un- ion on Harpswell Neck, 667 ; West, 228. Meetings, Public, 337. Meetings of Baptist Church Society, Topsham, 423-4 ; of Orthodox Soci- ety, Topsham, 429, 450. Members of Brunswick Religious Soci- eties, etc., 381, 383, 392-4, 403-4; of Topsham Keligious Societies, 415-21, 427 ; of Harpswell Religious Societies, 451-2. Memorandum of Deeds, 38-9. Memorials to the General Court, 63-5, 136-8, 184, 194-6; to the President of the United States, 191-2. Memorial Hall, Bowdoin College, 515, 517, 518. Menhaden, 94. Merganser, The, 92. Merriconeag, 5-6, 11, 13-14, 17, 19, 20, 30-1, 44-8, 75, 77, 84, 107, 155-6, 158, 160. Merrill's, 6. Merrill's Island, 78. Merrymeetiug Bay, 5-6, 10, 13, 14, 18-20, 28-9, 42-3, 54, 58, 60, 63, 69, 75-8, 81, 92, 107, 119, 132, 245. Meteorological, etc., 99-103. Methodist Church, Society, etc., in •Brunswick, 398-401 ; in Harpswell, 454-5 ; in Topsham, 435. Mica, 95, 97. Mice, 90. Middle Bay, 18, 37, 66, 83, 85, 87, 88, 98, 155. Middle Rock, 80, 211-12. Middle Street, 541. Mild Winter, A, 102. Military History of the three Towns, 676-705. Military Resolutions, 679. Military Stores carried up the Kennebec in Gondolas, 683. Militia. See Soldiers. Militia Companies, 689-96. Millinery Stores, 588. Mill Privilege, 32, 556, 559, 604-5. Mill-Pond Basin, 87. Mill Street, 541. Mills, 35, 604-9, 618-9; burnt in Bruns- wick, 259-64, 266, 269-70. Mills, Grist, 32, 555-7, 607-8; at New Meadows, 557 ; Maquoit, 557 ; Mair Brook, 557 ; in Brunswick Village, 557 ; Purinton's, 608 ; Scribuer's,558. Mills, Saw, 558-62 ; at Bunganock, 558- 9 ; at Cathance, 604-5 ; at N. Mead- ows, 559-60 ; Bourne, 561 ; early, 558-60 ; Embargo, 606 ; Folly, 559- 60 ; Goat Island, 321 ; Granny-Hole, 605; the Great, 319, 321, 606; Hodge, 321, 605 ; Hodge (New), 606 ; Humphrey's 561 ; Nye, 559, 562 ; Page's, 561; Patten, "^320-1 , 605-6; Perkins, 322 ; Perry, 562 ; Pike & Co.'s, 561; Purinton, 321-2; Rogers's, 321, 606; Shad Island, 560; Tide, 619; Wind, 619. Mill, Paper, 322. Milton, Town of, 11. Minerals, 14, 46, 96-8. Mines, 14, 46. Minks, 90. Ministerial and Minister's Lots, 27, 134, 357, 360, 407, 414. Ministerial Taxes, 364. Ministers, 109, 115, 116, 212, 454; Settle- ment of, 109, 115-16; Maintenance of, 22-3, 27, 116. Minot, 26. Minute-Men, 678. Missionaries to Indians, 352-4. Mobbing of Mr. Wilson, 680, 683-4. Moffitt's Point, 82. Moles, 90, Mollusks, 93. Molybdenite, 98. Molybdite, 98. Monhegan, 7. Moore, 88, Mortality, 311. Mount Ararat, 76. Muddy Riyer, 6, 21, 43, 76, 81. Municipal History of Brunswick, 104- 54; of Harpswell, 155-79; of Tops- hana, 1 80-201. Murders, 285, 287, 3 IP. Muscongus Compaiiy, 7. Music, Instrumentai, 214. Musical Jourual, The, 309. Muski'nt«, 90. Mussel Beds, 96. Mustard-Mill, 571. Mustard's Island, 81 ; Tavern, 102. 948 GENERAL INDEX. Musters and Parades, 695-6 ; Burlesque, 696. N. Nagusset Point, 3. Nail-Makers, 582; Factory, 610. Narrative, John Dunlajj's, 209-11. Narrows, Audroscoggiu or Pejepscot, 11, 81, 184. Navigation, 330-7. Newbury, 52. New Casco, 101. New l^amariscove, 18, 21. New England Farmer, 308. New Haven, 19. New Marbleliead, 57. New Meadows River and Settlement, 6, 8, 10, 18, 31-2, 38, 50, .58,6.3, 66, 75- 7, 84, 90, 97-8, 107, 119, 132, 205. New Plymouth Company, 7, 17. Newspapers, etc., 306-10; in Brunswick, 306-10; in Harpswell, 310; in Topsham, 310. New Stvle of reckoning Time, 108. New AViiarf, 83, 87. Niagara Engine Company, 273. Niagara Fire-Engine No. 3, 272-4. Noble Street, 541. Norridgewock, 55, 57, 86 ; Indians, 64. Northeast Boundary Question, 148. Northern Iris, 307. North Yarmoutli, 10, 47, 60, 85, 107, 109, 118, 155, 158, 160, 162-4; Island, 856. Notable Features of the Country, 76-8. Nucleus Club, 242-4 ; Officers of the, 243-4. O. Oak, 99. Oak Hill, Brunswick, 77, 83 ; Topsham, 82, O'Brien Street, .541. Obsequies of Lincoln, Observance of, 232-3 ; of Washington, 227-8. Observatory, 77, 657-8. Odd Fellows' Hall, 242, 297. Oil-Mill, 571. Old Feldspar Quarry, 97-8. Old Style, 108. Old Sunday, 81. Orations, etc., 228-31, 240, 245. Orchards, 98. Ordinations in Brunswick, 358-9, 363, 366, 370, 372, 381-2, 389-90, 397 ; in Topsham, 410, 416-7, 421, 425, 429; in Harpswell, 436-7, 445-6. Organ in Brunswick, The first, 372 ; Speech against, 372-3. Organization of the Baptist Church, etc., in Harjjswcll, 447-8; of Methodist, in Brunswick, 399-400; of Free- Will Baptist, in Topsham, 427. Origin of the Pejepscot Company, 21-3, 27. Oriole, The Baltimore, 91. Orr Street, 545. Orr's Island, 47-8, 75, 84-7, 93. Orthodox Church, etc., Topsham, 439- 32; Confession of Faith of, 429; Statistics of, 432. ' Otter, 88. Owen's Hall, 297. Owls, 91. P. Page Street, 541. Pail Manufactory, 571. Painters, 582-3. Paper-Monev, 133,188; Depreciation of, 188. Paper-Box Manufactory, 572-3. Paper-Staining Manufactory, 573. Paper-Mill, Topsham, 608-9. Parisli, The Centre Cong, of Harpswell, 451-4; Communion Service given to, 453 ; Constitution of, 452 ; Votes of, 453. Parish of Brunswick, The First, 354-65; established, 354 ; Church of, 365-77 ; Fund of, 377. Parish of Harpswell, The first, 436-46 ; Church of, 436-46 ; First Minister of, 436 ; Votes of FirstChurch of ,438-40, 441, 445; Eecords of, 444 ; Separa- tion from, 446. Parish of Topsham, The First, 406-19, 432-5; Business Meetings of, 411, 412, 415; Church of, 407, 410, 429- 32 ; first Minister of, 406 ; Fund of, 413-15, 434-5 ; Votes of, 407-9. Parish, Membership in a Poll, 418-9. Parish, St. Paul's. See St. Paul's. Parisli in TopsJiam, The Second, 413-14, 419-23, 426-9; Votes of, 420-1. Parish in Topsham, The Third, 423-6. Partridges, 91. Pastors, Lists of, 375, 429, 454-5. Patents,. Old, 9. Patent to Purchase and Way, 7, 12, 29. Patten's Point, 81. Pauper's Cemetery, 146. Pauper, The first in Topsham, 190. Peace, 51-2, 56, 62, 69. Pearl Street, 541. Peat, 98. Peeking through the Door, 205. Pejepscot, 49, 51-2; Bank, 576; Com- pany, 24-5, 27, 34-6, 42 ; Agent of Company, 31,33-4,37-8, 127 ; Falls, 8, 25, 104; Fort, 15; Indians, 1; Journal, 309; Papers, 19, 29, 47; Papers, how obtained, 149 ; Proj)rie- -" tors, 17, 19, 21-5, 27-34, 33, 37, 43- 7, 53-4, 68, 96 ; Doings of the Pro- prietors, 27-35, 48, 53, 96, 126, 131 GENERAL INDEX. 949 556, 558-9 ; Votes of Proprietors iu ' Regard to Mills, 556, 558-9 ; Votes of Proprietors iu Regard to Preach- ing, 357-9 ;-JPurchase, The, 7-26, 75, 83; Records, 8, 31, 33; River, 5, 9-11, 13-14, 20, 25; Settlement, 49; Tract, 3, 12,18-19,22-3, 26, 51, 75. Pennacooks, The, 2. Pemaquid Company, The, 7, 47, 52. Pennellville, 83. Penobscot Indians, 2, 52, 64 ; River, 1-7. Perambnlation of Town Lines, 147, 154. Perch, 94. Perkins Hall, 301. Petitions, 105-6,109-11, 113-14, 117-19, 121, 130, 132, 135, 143-4, 151, 156, 158, 160, 183-8, 201,352,461-2, 465, 466-7, 629-32. Petition against dismantling Fort George, 629-32 ; for Annexation of Harpswell to Brunswick, 156-7, 159-60 ; for Incorporation of Towns, 105, 106, 180-1 ; for Incorporation of School Disti'icts in Brunswick Village, 465 ; of Warumbo Manu- facturing Company, 466-7. Phippsburg, 76, 144. Phlozopite, 97. Photographers, 581. Physicians iu Brunswick, 311-13; in Harpswell, 314 ; in Topsham, 313-14. Picaroon, Attack upon a, 685. Picaroon at Harpswell, Capture of a, 687-9. Pickerel, 94. Picnics, 232, 245. Pigeons, Wild, 91. Pine, 99. Pine-Grove Cemetery, 341-2. Pinnacle, The, 82. Pirates, 34. Piscataqua, 51. Pitchfork Manufactory, 610. Plague, The, 2. Plate of Chas. N. Leavitt, A White Earthen, 674. Pleasant Point, 10,36, 54, 68, 81. Pleasant Street, 32, 154, 541, 545. Pleasure Boat, 337. Plough Manufactory, 573. Plovers, 91. Plymouth Claim, Bounds of the, 34. Plymouth Company, 7, 17, 25, 33, 35-6, 39, 49. Pneumonia, 314. Pocket Compass of Andrew Dunning, 673. Poems, 226, 230-1, 245. Point Agreeable, 3. Poland, 26. Pole Island, 86. Pollock, 94. Pond Island, 86 ; Town, 36. Ponds, 76. Poorhouses, 134, 143-5, 149, 151, 176-8 203-4, 648. Poplar, 99. Population, 43, 48, 116, 118, 599,617, 623-4. Porgy, 94. Porpoises, 93. Portland, 52, 68, 75, 77, 102, 127, 132, 189, 199; Road, 83. Portrait of Rev. James Woodside, 670. Portsmouth, 52. Postage, 305-6. Post-Offices, 303-6; in Brunswick, 303 (burnt, 259) ; in Harpswell, 305 ; in Topsham, 304. Postmasters in Brunswick, 303-4 ; in Harpswell, 305 ; in Topsham, 304-5 ; Inconie of, 304. Potatoes, 220-1. Potter Street, 541. Potters, 583, 610. Potts 's Point, 19, 29, 85-7. Pound, 164, 171. Powder House, 635-6 ; Hill, 77, 95. Pownal, 144. Pownalboro', 184. Praying- Ho use. Petition for a, 352. Preachers in Brunswick, 355-8, 362-5, 371, 377-8,380-4, 387-404 ;iu Harps- well, 436, 446-50, 454-5 ; iu Tops- ham, 406-9, 412-3, 419-20, 426-^32, 435. Presbytery, 359. Presentation of Flag to Volunteers, 236. President's Reply to Memorial, The, 192. Press, Printing, 306; of Maine, 306, 310; Works from the, 306-10. Prices, 589-99, 616, 622-3. Price Current, 127, 128, 591-2, 595-6. Price of Lumber, 591 ; paid for Harps- well Neck, 11 ; paid for Sebascodi- gan, 16 ; of Liquor sold in Bruns- wick, 597-8. Prices regulated, 185, 188. Priests, Catholic, 415. Prince's Point, 84. Prisoners, British, 127, 686, 689. Prize.?, 231, 276. Privateers, 686. Processions, Public, 228-31. Prongs, The, 86. Proprietors' Stock at Brunswick, 589-90. Protector Engine Company, 273 ; Fire- Engine No. 4, 272-4. Protest against Call to Mr. Urquhart, 409 ; against Elections, 190-1; against Vote of Town, 202. Public Dinners, 229-30. Public Meetings, 17, 30, 232-8; Anti- slavery, 233-5 ; Anti-War, 237 ; Temperance, 251-4 ; War, 236-7 ; 950 GENERAL INDEX, for Aid to Freedmen, 237 ; for Aid to Sufferers from Portland Fire, 238 ; for City Charter, 236 ; Location of Agricultural College, 237 ; orna- menting Village -with Trees, 235 ; Eelief of the Greeks, 233; in Eegard to Brooks's Attack on Sumner, 235; of Soldiers of the devolution, 233 ; to extend an Invitation to Presi- dent Jackson, 233. Publishment Box, 417. Public Lands, 521-8. Puggymuggy Eiver, The, 39. Pulp Company, 274, 573 ; Manufactory, 573. Pulpit Island, 21. Punch, 222. Purchase's House, 8. Purpooduc, 60. ■ Pythonian Library, 244 ; Society, 244. Q. Quabacook, 5. Quails, 91. Quahaugs, 93. Quahauir Bay, 86-7, 93, 1 55. Quakers, 42, 164, 388, 436 ; fined, 164. Quarries, 14, 571. Quartz, 95, 97. Quebec, 67. Queen Anne's War, 52-3. Quick Carrying-Place, 5. R. Eabbits, 90. Eaccoons, 90. Eagged Island, 86. Eaid on the Indians, 145-6. Eailroads, 245, 325-30; Credit to, 326. Eailroad Company, The Androscoggin, 329 ; Atlantic and St. Lawrence, 327-8 ; Brunswick, 325 ; Kennebec and Portland, 326 ; Lewiston and Topsham, 329 ; Maine Central, 329; Portland and Kennebec, 329. Eailroad, Construction of, 326 ; Depots, 328 ; Fares on the, 327 ; fir.st Trip on, 326 ; Headquarters of the, 327-8 ; Travel on the, 329-30. Eain, 100-1. Eaw Island, 86. Eeach, The, 69. Eebellion against the Proprietors, 35. Eebellion, War of the, 6?6-705. Eecognizee A, 125. Records of the Baptist Church, etc., in Harpswell, 447-9. Eecords of the Universalist Society in Harpswell, 451. Eecords of the Topsham Artillery, 691. References to Map, 41, 73-4. Eegattas, 224. Eegimental Officers, 695. Eegulator, The, 309. Eelics, Interesting, 670-5; of Mrs. Ean- dall, 672 ; of Skipper Malcolm, 672. Eeligious Eevivals, 387. 401-2, 423-4, 455; Services, 108; Societies, 134. See also Denominational Names. Eelinquishment of Accounts bv Samuel Eaton, 442 ; of Civil Contract, 442. Eemonstrance against Eepeal of the Act creating Village School District, 465 ; in Eegard to Annexation, 202 ; in Eegard to Election, 190; in Eegard to tlie County Jail Yard, 174. Eeport of Committee to Communication from Boston, 165-7; of Eev. Sam- uel Eaton, 443-4. Eepresentative, The first, 111, 164; others, 125, 131, 174, 176, 188-90, 202. Eesignation of Eev. Dr. Adams, 373 ; of Samuel Eaton, 442 ; of Mr. Go.ss, 417 ; of Dr. Wheeler, 396. Eesolutions, 122-4, 128, 130, 132, 135-6, 138-41, 144, 147, 178-9, 191-4, 196- 9, 232, 234-6, 251, 254, 286, 429, 485, 679, 685, 697-8. Eesolutiou to support Congress, 685 ; in Eegard to a Statement of W. S. Lindsey, M. P., 697-8. Eevision of Constitution, 133. Eevolutionary War, 676-89. Eheumatism, Acute, 314. Eiding to Church, 212. Einging the Town Bell, 146, 151. Eiver Eoad, 82. Eoads, 32, 117, 119, 128, 164, 205, 528- 38, 542-6. Eoads in Brunswick, 528-38 ; Twelve- Rod, 528, 534-38; Four-Eod, 528; from Fort to Town Landing, 528 ; from N. Meadows to Twelve-Bod Eoad, 529 ; from Stephens's Carry- ing-Place to Coombs's Point, 530; from Gurnet northerly, 530 ; from Old Meeting-House to Middle Bay, 530; from Brunswick to George- town, 530; from N. Meadows to the Androscoggin, 530; from Nathan Woodward's to N. JNIeadows, 532 ; from Maquoit to Bunganock, 532; on Mair Point, 532 ; from Alexaniler's to Eaymond's, 533 ; from Bath to Freeport, 534 ; from Cook's Corner to Bath, 532-3; from Oak Hill to Bunganock, 533 ; the Pennell, 532; the Durham, 532; the Freeport, 532 ; Friends, 533 ; New Wharf, .533 ; Otis, 533 ; Shunpike, 533 ; Turnpike, 533. Eoads in Harpswell, 545-6 ; from the Ferry, 546 ; on Great Island, 546 ; GENERAL INDEX. 951 on Orr's Island, 546 ; on the Island , the Main, 545; on the Neck, 545; purveyed, 545-6. Roads in Topsham, 542-5 ; County, 544 ; Foreside, 543 ; from Bowdoin to Bowdoinham, 544 ; from Elm Street to River, 544 ; from Isabella's Barn, 542 ; from Little River to Bowdoin Road, 544 ; from Main Street to the Landing, 544 ; from Narrows to Cathance, 542-3 ; from Rufns Rogers to Andros R. R. Bridge, 545; Lower to Bowdoinliam, 543-4 ; Main Street, 544 ; Meadow, 544-5 ; over Goose Rock, opposed, 545 ; to Bow- doin, 544 ; to Bowdoinham, 543. Roliertson's Hall, 297. Robin, The, 91, Rocamoco, 53. Rock Cod, 94. Rocky Hill, 77, 82, 97. Rogue's Island, 86. Roxbury, 20, 44. S. Sabattis's Visit to Brunswick, 68. Sabbath-Breakers, 213. Sabbath School, History of the first, 374-5. Sabbath School of the Free-Will Baptist Society, in Brunswick, 390-1. Sachems, 2, 10. Saco Independent, The, 307 ; Indians, 52 ; River, 1. Sacrament, Administration of the, 370- 1, 410, 417. Sacramental Plate of First Pari.sh, Bruns- wick, 671. Saddle-Bags, 215. Saddlers and Harness-Makers, 583, 612, .620. Sagadahoc Agricultural Society, 204 ; Hall, 204, 301. Sagadahoc River, 1, 7, 10, 13, 18, 51. Sagamores, 2, 3, 10-12, 15, 52. St. Francis Indians, The, 6. St. George, The River, 1, 7, 57-8. St. Paul's Parish, 402-5 ; a Mission, 403; Baptisms in,405; Burials in, 405; Confirmations in, 405 ; Communion Set, 404 ; Ladies' Society of, 404 ; Marriages in, 405 ; Organ of, 404 ; Rectors of ,403-4 ; Wardens of, 403-4. Salamanders, 93. Salaries relinquished in Revolution, 683. Sale of Liquor prohibited, 203. Salem, 123. Salisbury, 16, 21, 55, 68. Salmon, 94, 552 ; and Sturgeon Fisliing, 8, 13-14, 38, 82, 211, 552 ; Island, 79. Salt Works, 573, 619. Sandpipers, 91. Sand Plains, 96. Sandy Gully, 82. Sanitary Condition, 311, 314. Sapsucker, The, 91. Sash and Blind Factory, 607. Satire upon General Thompson, 681. Sawacook, 5. Scales and Weights, 164. Scarborough, 2, 18. Scenerv, 76-8, 82, 86. Schools, 116, 134, 145, 204; Provision for early, 457. Schools in Brunswick, Public, 457-60, 461 ; first Teacher in, 457. Schools in Brunswick, Private, 477-81 ; MLss Buss's, 477-8 ; Mrs. Putnam's, 478 ; O'Brien's, 478 ; Miss Chap- man's, 478 ; Smith'.s, 478 ; Preble's, 478 ; Jones's, 478-9 ; Dodge's, 479; Adams's, 479 ; Miss Lee's, 479 ; Misses Owen's, 479 ; WoodhuU's, 479; Baker's, 479; Miss Folsom's, 479 ; Miss Dunning 's, 479 ; Miss Hinckley's, 479-80; Pike's, 480; Kendrick's, 480. Schools in Harpswell, 493-7 ; Private, 497. Schools in Topsham, 482-92; Private, 487-92 ; Thompson's, 487 ; March's, 488 ; Miss Eastman's, 488 ; Mrs. Fields's, 488-91 ; Mi.ss Wheeler's, 491-2; Miss WiLson'.s. 492; Nut- ting's, 492 ; Wood.side's,492 ; Frank- lin Family, 487 ; Topsham Female, 488. School Districts in Brunswick, 458-9 ; Votes of, 460-2. School Districts in Harpswell, 494-5 ; in Topsham, 483, 484. School District in Brunswick, The Vil- lage, 460-75 ; Act of Legislature in Regard to, 462, 467 ; Board of Agents of, 463-4, 467 ; Depositions concern- ing, 466 ; Doings of, 463, 467-75 ; first Meeting of, 463 ; Formation of, 460-7 ; Petition for, 461-2, 465 Schools in, 463-4, 473-5. , School Books adopted in Topsham, 485. School for Indians, 457 ; High, Topsham, 484. School Fund of Topsham, 483-5. School-Houses, 165, 486; in Brunswick, 459-60; burnt, 261, 266, 269, '271 ; in Harpswell, 493, 495-6 ; in Tops- ham, 486. School Lots, 27, 189, 457, 459, 482, 483; Sale of, in Topsham, 483. School-Masters, 112, 115, 119, 125, 458, 460, 477-81, 482, 486, 495, 497. School, Negroes in, 459. Schools, Special, in Brunswick, 480-1 ; in Topsham, 492. School, Special, for Dancing, 481 ; Em- broidery, 481 ; Instruction in Fancy 952 GENERAL INDEX. Painting, 481 ; French, 481 ; Music, 481 ; Navigation, 481 ; Singing, 481, 492 ; Writing, 481, 492. School, Supervisors or Committee of, in Topsham, 484 ; in Harpswell, 494-5. Schools, Votes of Erunswick in Regard to, 457-9, 461 ; Votes of Proprietors in Regard to, 457. School Street, 541-2. Scragg Island, 87. Sculpin, 94. Seals, 93. Sea Point, 83. Seat of Government, 144. Sebascodigan, 5, 6, 11-4, 17-9, 30-1, 46, 48, 75,84-5, 155, 160, 164. Second Adventist, The, 310. Second Adventist Church, etc., Tops- ham, 435. Second Indian "War, 51-2. Second Union Bank, The, 575. Selectmen, Brunswick, 104-5, 108-11, 118, 160; Har])s\vell, 162; Topshain, 183. Seminary, The Brunswick, 476-7 ; The Plea"sant Street, 476. Separation from tlie Town, 119, 143; of Maine from Massachusetts, 132-3, 142-3,171-3, 186-9, 191, 199. Sermons, 212. Settlements, Abandoned, 37, 52 ; under the Proprietors, 37-48. Settlement of Rev. Mr. Clement, 431 ; Coffin, 365, 370; Elislia Eaton, 436; Samuel Eaton, 437 ; Ellis, 409 ; Goss, 416; Harlow, 445; Kellogg, 453; Kendall, 422; Lamb, 449; Lord, 429; Mead, 372; Miller, 362-3; Moore, 364; Pinkham, 448; Potter, 446 ; Rice, 433 ; Rutlierford, 355 ; A. D. Wheeler, 433 ; Samuel Wheeler, 408; Wilde, 431; Woodside, 354. Settlers, Attacks upon the, 49-56 58, 60- 3, 66-8. Settlers, Earlv, 3, 7-26, 27, 37-9, 41, 43, 47-8, 69,'205, 805. Sextons, 121. Shad Island, 78-9 ; Mill, 79. Sliapleigh's Island, 20. Sheep stealing, 283. Slieldrake, The, 92; Point, 21. Shells, 96. ShelUn- Island, 84. Shingle Manufactory, 610. Sliip burnt, 268. Shipwrecks, 332-4. Sidewalks autliorized, 152. Singing in Churcli, 363, 370. Sixth Indian War, 65-70. Skeletons, 674. Skunks, 90. Slaves and Slavery, 205-6. Sleeping in Meeting, 212-3. Sleeve-Buttons of Capt. John Rogers, 673. Sluicewav, The Topsham, 603. Small Island, 86. Small Point, 13, 14, 19, 20, 22, 28. Small-Pox, 314-16. Smelts, 94. Smith's Journal, Extracts from, 60. Smithsonian Institution, Report of, 99- 101. Smoking Fish Point, 18. Snakes, 92. Snipes, 91. Snow, 100, 102 ; Island, 8. Snow's Pond, 59. Soap Factory, 573. Societies, Bowdoin Temple of Honor and Temperance, 256 ; Brunswick and Topsham Athenaeum, 242, 245; Brunswick Brass Band, 246 ; Bruns- wick Division Sons of Temperance, 255 ; BrirhsM'ick Humane Society, 241; Brunswick Linnanxn, 245-6; Brunswick Lyceum, 244-5 ; Bruns- wick, Topsham, and Harpswell, for tlie Suppression of Intemperance, 250-1 ; Brunswick Total Abstinence and Charitable, 252; Brunswicic Watch Association, 247-9 ; Cadets of Temperance, 255-6 ; Castalian, of Brunswick, 245 ; Hayden, 246 ; Joshua Nve Lodge, Good Templars, 256 ; Ladies' Soldiers' Aid, 242 ; Lib- erty Association of Brunswick, 247 ; Martha Washington, 254 ; Mozart, 246 ; Nucleus Club, 242-5 ; Patrons of Husbandry, 239 ; Peace, 246 ; Pejepscot Division Juvenile Tem- perance Watchmen, 255 ; Pejepscot Lodge, Odd Fellows, 242; Pytho- nian, 244 ; Reform Club, 256 ; Saga- dahock Agricultural and Horticul- tural, 238-9 ; Sawacook Division Sons of Temperance, Topsham, 255 ; The Temperance, 255 ; Temper- ance, of Brunswick, 251-2; Tem- ])erance, of Bowdoin College, 252 ; Temperance, of Harjxsw ell, 256 ; Temperance Watchmen, 255 ; Tops- ham Antislavery, 246-7 ; Topsham Temperance, 252 ; Town Ilistory and Natural Ilistory, 246 ; True Washingt onian Temperance, of Topsham, 254-5 ; United Lodge Free Masons, 239, 241 ; Washington Fire Club, 244-5 ; Washington Temper- ance, 252; Washington Total Alisti- nence, Brunswick, also of Tojisham, 252-3 ; Young Men's Temperance, 252 ; Young Men's Washingtouian, 254. Soil, 98-9. Sokokis, The, 1. Soldiers, 30-50, 51-2, 54. 57, 60, 62. 66, 114, 117, 124-7, 1 ,■■' ■■-> . :ir-.0, 172, 174, 186,200, ( • i'Ny-i, t ,5 GENERAL INDEX. 953 Soldiers' Monument, 154. Somerset Point, 36, 82. Spaleuite, 980. Spanish War, 57-65. Sparrows, 92. Spawell, 62. Speeches, 232-7, 250, 679-80. Sprague's Quarry, 97-8. Spring Street, 542. Spruce, 99. Spruce Company, The, 682. Squirrels, 90. Stable Keeper.?, 583. Stage Companies, 323-5. Stage Drivers, 323-5. Stage House, 292-3. Stage Eoutes, 302-3, 323-5. Stages, 323-5 ; Fares on, 324. Statement of Pejepscot Title, 23-6. Statistics of Church-Goersiu Brunswick, 405. Stave Island, 11, 81. Steamboat Navigation of the Kennebec, 143. Steamboat, The first, 335-6; Flushing, 336 ; Kennebec, 336 ; Patent, 336 ; Eough and Ready, 245, 336; Tom Tliumb, 336 ; Victor, 336-7. Steamboats, 245, 335-7. Stetson Street, 542. Stevens's Carrying-Place, 6, 8, 19, 39, 107, 119. Stevens's River, 39, 76. Stocks, The, 111, 115, 120, 280-2. Stoddard's Hall, 297. Stone's Hall, 297. Stores and Shops, 584-9 ; burnt, 258-65, 268-70. Store-Keepers, 584-9. Storms, 101-3. Stove Manufactories, 613. Stow, 122. Streets named, 539-42, 545 ; Signs erected, 545. Students' Pranks, 223. Sturgeon, 94, 552. Sucker, 94. Suicides, 318; Punishment of, 282. Sununer Street, 80, 545. Sunfish, 94. Sunset Hill, 77. Superstitions, 220. Surplus Revenue Money, 150-1, 175, 201-2. Surveyors, 620. Surveys of Land, 29-30, 35-6, 75, 126, 148, 172, 189, 525. Suspender Factory, 574. Swallows, 91. Swamp, Depot, 32. Swan Island, 20-1, 27-8; Pond, 76. Swivels captured from Picaroon, 689. Sword, John Harmon's, 673 ; Nathaniel Purinton's, 673. Sword-Fish, 94. Tailors, 583, 612-13, 620. Tanager, The Scarlet, 91. Tanners, 583-4, 610-11, 620. Tar box Quarry, 97-8. Tariff, 147. Tavern, Encouragement to keep a, 290. Taverns and Public Halls, 34, 290-302. Taverns burnt, 260, 268, 271. Taverns in Brunswick, 290-7 ; in Harps- well, 301-2; in Topsbam, 298-301. Taverns, American House, 294 ; Bailey's, 301 ; Baker's, 300 ; Blanchard's, 299 ; Bowdoin Hotel, 296 ; Brunswick House,294-7; Chase's, 292 ; Cleaves's, 296 ; Coombs's, 290 ; Curtis's, 291 ; Dennetts', 300; Dinsmore's, 300; Dnnlap's, 291 ; Elm House, 301 ; Eastman's, 301 ; Gatchell's, 296 ; Green's, 300 ; Half -Way House, 296 ; Haynes's, 300; Hebberd's, 300; Ho' gkins's, 294, 323 ; Hunter's, 298- 9; Hunter's (Widow), 299 ; in Fort, 291 ; Jack's, 300 ; Jewell's, 302 ; Lin- coln House, 294, 300 ; Maine Hotel, 294 ; Mansion House, 302 ; Merrill's, 299 ; Moorhead's, 292-3 ; Mustard's, 300 ; Nichols's, 292-3 ; Mrs. Nichols's, 292 ; Old Wheeler's, 296 ; Pejepscot House, 294 ; Pumpkin, 293 ; Puring- ton's, 299 ; Reed's, 298 ; Richardson's, 300; Rogers's, 299; Ross's, 291; Sager's, 300; Sandford's, 300; Spear's, 290; Starbird's, 301 ; Stinch- field's, 294, 296, 323 ; Stoddard's, 293; Stone's, 291 ; Storer's, 296 ; Temper- ance House, 300 ; Thompson's, 290 ; Thompson's (Brigadier), 299; Til- tou's, 299 ; Tontine Hotel, 294-6 ; Tucker's, 300 ; Union House, 301-2 ; Veazie's, 300 ; Walker's, 300 ; Walk- er's (Elijah), 302; Washington Hall, 292 ; W^ashingtonian House, 301 ; Whitney's, 299; Wilson's, 298; Winchell's, 298 ; Wvman's, 299. Taxation, 36, 115-17, 121, 129, 132, 184- 8, 190, 203. Teal, The, 92. Telegraph Companies, 337-8. Telegraph Company, American, 337 ; Atlantic and Pacific, 338 ; Interna- tional, 337; Maine, 337; Western Union, 337, Telegraph Line, 329, 337-8. Telegraph Offices, 329, 337-8. Telegraph Operator, The first, 337. Temperance, Addresses, 250, 253 ; Ban- ner, 253 ; Pledge, 251, 253 ; Reform, 249-56. 054 GENERAL INDEX. Temperature, 100-1. Ten-Mile Falls, 8, 56, 65. Terraced Land, 96. Terramngus Cove, 10, 80. Territorial Limits, 26. Theatre, 224. Third Indian War, 52-3. Thompson's Brook, 84; Island, 80; Street, 542. Three Years' War, 53-6. Thrnshes, 91-2. Thunder-Storms, 102-3. Tin Shops, 588-9, 613. Titanite, 98. Title of Andrew Lee's Sermon, 410. Titmouse, The Black-Cap, 92. Toads, 93. Tobacco Manufactory, 584, 611. Toll-Bridge, 93. Tom-Cod, 94. Tontine Hall, 297. Tontine Hotel Company, 294-5. Tool Manufactory, 574. Topsham Academy, 486-7, 657 ; burnt, 269. Topsham Artillery Company, 690-2. Topsham, First Meetino; of" Town, 183 ; First Officers of, 183 ; in War of Rebellion, 700-2; Inhabitants of, 33-6; Militia Companies, 690-2; named, 180; Plan of, 185; settled, 130; under Maine, 200-4; under Massachusetts, 180-200. Topsham and Brunswick Twenty-five Cents Savings Bank, The, 576-7. Tories, 676, 689. Torture of Moses Eaton, 55. Tourmaline, 97. Town Clock purchased, 151. Town Fund, 114. Town Houses, 150, 1.54, 177, 204, 636, 657,665; burnt, 153, 263. Town Line, 147. Town Meetings held in Taverns, 290, 299; Warrant for, in 1775, 677; illegal, 200. Town Officers, Election of the first, 104. Townships laid out, 22, 27, 29, 34. Trades and Traders, in Brunswick, 577- 89; in Harpswell, 619-21 ; in Tops- ham, 611-15. Traditions, 65, 69-70, 78-81, 84-5, 92, 259, 683. Trails, Indian, 6. Train Band of Topsham, 690. Transfer of Islantls to Topsham, 145, 183. Trial for Barn burning, 284 ; Breach of Promise, 285 ; Murder, etc., 283, 285-7. Trial of — Boone v. Woodside, 278-9; Capt. William Woodside, .278; Clark V. Dole, 283-4 ; Jenny Eaton r. Rogers, 282 ; First Parish Bruns- wick i'. McKeen, 284 ; Giles v. God- dard, 278 ; McNess v. Smith, 279 ; Orr V. Woodside, 280; Smith v. McNess, 279 ; Smith v. Vincent, 279 ; State v. Crips, 286 ; State v. Dudlev, 286-7 ; State v. Miller, 287, State v. Thorn and Wilson, 285-6; Veazie v. Jewell, 284-5 ; Village School District v. Titcomb, 470-2 ; Pres. Allen v. State, 511-12. Triconnick, 56. Trou])le between the Proprietors and Town, 113. Tungstite, 98. Turnip Island, 86. Twelve-Rod Road, 83. Twentv-Mile Falls, 25. Twins," The, 84. Tything-Men, 213-14. U. Uniforms of Topsham Artillery, 691. Union National Bank, The, 576. Union of Religious Societies, 396-7. Union Street, 32, 542, 545. Unitarian — Bible Class, 394 ; Church, Topsham, 433-4 ; Preaching in Brunswick, 394-5 ; Preaching in Topsham, 433 ; Second (Congrega- tional) Society of Brunswick, 394-5 ; Society of Brunswick, 397-8 ; So- ciety of Topsham, 432; Fund of Topsham, 434-5 ; Society removed to Brunswick, 434. Universal Cliristian Society in Bruns- wick, 392-3. Universalist and Unitarian Societies, 391-8. Universalist Preaching, The first Efforts for, 391-2 ; in Harpswell, early, 450 ; in Topsham, 434. Universalist Societv — of Brunswick and Topsham, 393-4, 395-6; in Harps- well, 450-1 ; Constitution of, 450-1 ; reorganized, 451. Upper Carrying-Place, The, 6, 11. Uppermost Falls, The, 13. Urquhart as a Preacher, 409. V. Vaccination, 175, 196, 200, 31.5-16. Validity of Claims to Land, 23-4. A'aluation of Real Estate, etc., 599-602, 616-17, 623. Ventriloquism, Exhibition of, 224. Vessels, 164, 330-7; seized on the Ken- nebec, 684; List of, 330-7; Acc(mi- modation, 335 ; Alice, 335 ; Ambi- tion, 333-4 : America, 333,688 ; Bos- ton, 335 ; Caroline, 335 ; Defiance 331 ; Elijah Kellogg, 337 ; Eliz- abeth, 333; Eliza, 333; Friendship GENERAL INDEX. 955 335; a Gunboat, 333; Hannibal, 332; Hope, 332, 335; Industry, 331 ; Iris, 332 ; Jobn Adams, 332 ; Maine, 333 ; Maquoit, 330, 335 ; Mer- rj'meeting, 331; Orlando, 335 ; Pejep- scot, 330 ;"Sbaving Mill, 688 ; Speed- well, 331 ; Statira, 333 ; Susan, 333 ; Union, 335; Unity, 331. Visit from Talleyrand, 291 Visit of Soldiers to Mr. Wilson, G83. Visit of Mob to Mr. Wilson, 683-4. Vocal Music, 224. Vote of Towns for — Aroostook E. E., 154; Postmaster, 204 ; Sliire Town, 203 ; in Eegard to First Parish of Harpswell, 437; Liquor Law, 154; Settlement of Eaton's Accounts, 442 ; to support the Constitution, 133. Votes, Congressional, 133 ; for Presiden- tial Electors, 132, 188-9; for State Officers, 129, 143, 170, 174; in Ee- gard to Formation of Baptist Soci- ety, 411; in Eegard to settling Mr. Ellis, 409-10; on Amendment to Constitiition, 151-2, 202-3. Votes of Brunswick in Eegard to Eeturn of Conspirators, etc., 689. Votes of Harpswell, 163, 166-79; of Topsham, 183-99, 202-4. Voting, Disorderly, 190. Voyages of Discovery, 7. W. Wagons, 216. Waldo Company, The, 7, Wales, 144. Walrus Tusk, 96. Wampum, 11. Warming-Pan, John Merrill's, 673. Warnings from Town, 120. War — of the Bebellion, 696-705; of 1812, and Preparations for, 196, 693- 5 ; of Eevolution, 676-89 ; Thomp- son's, 681-3. Wars, Indian, 49-70. Warumbo Manufacturing Company, 566. Washington Fire Club, 271-2. Washington Hall, 292-7. Washiugtonian House, 230. Watch, The, in Brunswick, 247-9; Eecords of, 249 ; By-Laws of, 247-9 ; organized in Harpswell, 167. Watches, Invention of Machine-made, 569-70. Water Street, 542, 545. Water Power, Survey of the, 554. Wawenocks, The, 1. Weasles, 90. Weddings, Accounts of Singular, 216-18. Weighers of Hay, etc., 584,6 13. Weights and Measures, The first, 118. Wells, The, 44. Wells, Town of, 114. Wescustego, 155. West Bath, 75-6, 204. Western Bay, 11. Whales, 93. Whaleboat Islands, 75, 85, 87. Wharton's Deed, 12-16. Wharves, 334. Wheelwrights, 580. Whigby, 19. Whipp'ing-Post, 115, 280-1. Whiskeag, 19. White Bull Island, 102. White Mountains, 77. White's Hall, 301. AVhite's Island, 18, 86-7. Widgeon Cove, 11. Wigwam Point, 6, 32. Wild-Cats, 88, 90. Wild Fowl, 92. Will Gut, 87. Willow, 99. Will's Island, 84-5. Wind, The, 100. Winnegance, 18, 20. Winnisimmet Ferry, 21. Winter Street, 551. Winter Harbor, 52. Winthrop Hall, Bowdoin College, 577. Winthrop Ponds, 58-9. Witches, 220. Wolves, 85, 114-15, 130, 186, 220; Anec- dotes about, 88-9. Woodchucks, 90. Woodcocks, 91. Wooden Pegs instead of Xails, 216. Woods burned, 257-8,261-3, 266-7, 269. Wood Thrush, 91. Wood Trade, 574. Wool Braiding, 219. Work-House, 1.34, 171. Worumbo Deed, The, 12-16, 24-5. Wrentham, 184. ' Yagerhamer, The, 309. Yaggers and Eowdies, 222. Yagger Club, 672. Yankee-Killer, The, 50. Yarmouth, 19, 62. York, 45, 47. York County (or Province) Eecords, 16, 21. INDEX OF N^^lMES BIOGEAPHIES AND FAMILY HISTORIES. Abbot, Hon. Jacob, 709-10. Abbott, Rev. John S. C, 710. Adams, Rev. George E., 710-12. Aldeii, Peter O., 712. Allen, Rev. William, 713-14. Anderson, Jacol), 827-8. Appletou, Rev. Jesse, D. D., 714-15. B. Babbidge — Betty, Courtney, James, Sarab, Steplien, Susannah, and Wil- liam, 828. Badger, Capt. Joseph, 715-16. Badger, Capt. Nathaniel, 715. Bailev — Delight, Olive, Sarah, and timothv, 828. . Baker, Willuun, 716. Ballard, Rev. Edward, 716-17. Bari'on, Hon. John, 717-18. Barron, William, 718. Barstow — Agnes, Elizabeth, George, James, John, Joshua, Michael, Rob- ert, and William, 829. Berry — Adam, Hannah, Harvey, Jenny, John, Josiah, Joseph, Robert, and Rufus, 829. Bisbee — Aaron, Alice, Elisha, Hannah, Huldah, Mary, Oliver, Rnt'us, Sarah, Seth, Studley, Thomas, and Wil- liam, 829. Bisbee, Charles, 829-30. Boardman, Alexander F., 718. Booker — Daniel, Ester, Isaiah, James, John, Joseph, Jotham, Mercy, Mir- iam, Ruth, and William, 830. Chase — Anne, Anthonv, Isaac, James, Jean, Judah, Margaret, Mary, Na- thaniel, and William Vincent, 830. Clark — David, James, John, Margaret, Mary, Nathan, Robert, and Samuel, 830. Cleaveland, Prof. Parker, 718-25. Coburn, John, 725-7. CoomI)s — Caleb, George, Peter, and Samuel, 830. Coombs — Anthony and John, 831. Curtis, Capt. Nehemiah, 727. Curtis — David, Ezekiel, Michael, Paul, Ruth, and William, 831. Gushing, Caleb, 727-8, 831. Gushing — Daniel, Deborah, Erancis Dunning, Jeremiah, John, John Schwartkin, Louis Tileston, Mat- thew, and Rufus King, 831. D. Dennison, Col. Andrew, 728. Douglas, John, 831-2. Douglass — Cornelius, Daniel, Elijah, George, Israel, Job, John, Joseph, Mary, Patience, Sarah, 832. Duncan, Dr. Samuel, 728-9. Dunlap, David, 731. Dunlap, Gen. Richard T., 731-2. Dunlap — Jane, John, Margaret, and Robert, 832. Dunlap — Elizabeth, Hugh, Jane, John, Samuel, and Roi)ert, 832. Dunlap, Capt. John, 730-1. Dunlap, Hon. Robert P., 732-3. Dunlap, Rev. Robert, 729-30, 832. Dunning, Andrew, 733, 832-3. Dunning — Andrew, David, James, Rob- ert, and William, 832. Dunning, Deacon Andrew, 733-4. Dunning, Benjamin, 734, 833. Dunning, David, 734. E. Eaton, Rev. Elisha, 734-5, 833. Eaton, Rev. Samuel, 735-8, 833. NAMES IN BIOGRAPHIES AND FAMILY HISTORIES. 957 Ellis — Caleb, Elisha, Elizabeth, John, Haunali, Mary, Samuel, and Thad- deus, 833. Ellis — Almira, Asher, Benjamin, Bethiah, Daniel, John, Mary, Eobert Fulton, Samuel Deane, and William, 833-4. Ellis, Kev. Jonathan, 738-9, 833. Emerson, Dr. Ebeuezer, 739. Estabrook, Col. Thomas S., 740. Everett, Ebenezer, 740-1. Farr — Elizabeth, Henry, Isaac, Jenny, John, Lorauey, Mary, Michael, Noah, Thomas, and Thomas, Jr., 834. Farrin (or Ferrin) — David, Ebenezer, John, Eichard, William, and Win- throp, 834. Fields, Mrs. Elizabeth, 741-2. Frost, Major William, 742. Fulton — Gowen, James, John, and Eobert, 834. Furbish, Benjamin, 742-3. G. Gatchell (or Getchell) — Abigail, Dorcas, Hugh, John, Jude, Mary, Moses, Nathaniel, Eobert, Samuel, Susan- nah, and William, 835. Gatchell, Capt. John, 743, 835. Giddings, Mrs. Dorotliy, 744-5. Giveen (or Given) — David, David, Jr., Jane, Jolm, Martha, and Eobert, 835. Goss, Dr. Ebenezer H., 745. Gower — Edward, George, James, John, Eobert, Samuel, and William, 835. Graffam — John, Josepli, Mary, and Ee- becca, 836. Graves — John, 835-6. Graves — Crispus, Daniel, Elizabeth, John, and William, 836. Graves, Johnson, 745, 836. Graves — Ann, Daniel, Ebenezer, Eliza- beth, Esther, Jabez, Jacob, John, Johnston, Joseph, Levi, Molly, Sa- rah, Susan, and Thomas, 836. Green, Hon. Nathaniel, 745-6. Greenleaf, Eichard, 746. Griffin, Joseph, 746-7. Gyles, James, 747-8. Gyles, Capt. Jolm, 748-9. Gyles, Thomas, 749-50. Gyles, Thomas, Jr., 750. H. Haley, Pelatiah, 750-1, 836. Haley — Elizalieth, John, Mary, Pelatiah, and Susannah, 836. Haley — Abigail, Abner, Esther, James, John, Jesse, Joseph, Joshua, Mary, Moses, Eebecca, Euth, Samuel, Sa- rah, and Susannah, 836-7. Hall, Hatevil and John, 837. Hall, Paul, 751,837. Ham — Benjamin, John, Joseph, Judith, Nathaniel, Eeuben, Thomas, Tobias, and Tobias, Jr., 837-8. Harmon — Hannah, Johnson, Johnson, Jr., Joseph, Martha, Mary, Miriam, and Zebulon, 838. Hasey, Benjamin, 751-3. Haskell, Deacon Joshua, 753-4. Henry — Ann, Betty, James, James, Jr., Jennett, Mary, and Sarah, 838. Hinklev, Aaron, 754, 838-9. Hinkley, Samuel, 754, 838-9. Hinkley — Edmund, Experience, Mary, Mehitable, Eeliance, Samuel, Seth, and Shubael, 838-9. Holbrook — Abizer, Deborah, Hannah, Israel, Jonathan, Jonathan, Jr., Polly, Priscilla, and Eebecca, 839. Humphreys — Daniel, Eliza, Lawrence, Margaret, Marv, Nancy, Sally, and William, 839-40. Humphreys, John C, 754-5, 839^0. Hunt — Charles, Clarisse, Daniel, David, Ebenezer, Ephraim, Hannah, James, Jennet, Jeremiah, John, Lydia, Martha, Mary, Sarah, and William, 840. Hunter, Adam, 756-7, 840-1. Hunter, James, 757, 840-1. Hunter — Arthur, Elizabeth, James, Jane, John, Margaret, Mary, Eobert, Susannah, and William, 840-1. Jaques — Benjamin, Miriam, Richard, and Susannah, 841. Jordan — Dominicus, Jedediah, Jeremiah, John, Eobert, Robert, Jr., and Samuel, 841. Jordan — Fields, John, John, Jr., and Peter, 841. K. Kendall, Eev. Henry, 757-8. King, Hon. William, 758-9. L. Larrabee, Benjamin, 759, 841-2. Larrabee — Abigail, Benjamin, Elizabeth, Hannah, Isabella, James, Mary, Nathaniel, and Stephen, 841-2. Larrabee, Capt. Nehemiah, 760. Lemont, Adam, 760. Lincoln, Dr. Isaac, 760. Lincoln, Dr. John D., 761-2. Lunt, Amos, 762, 842. Lunt — Frederick, Harry, Henry, and Joseph, 842. 958 NAMES IN BIOGRAPHIES AND FAMILY HISTORIES. M. McKeen, Dr. James, 7GG-9. McKeen, John, 765-6. McKeeu, Rev. Joseph, 762-4. McKeeii, Josepli, 764-.5. McMauus — Daniel, James, James, Jr., John, Richard, and Robert, 842. McManus, Richard, 769-70, 842. Mariner — John, Samuel, and Sarah, 842. Martin, Capt. Clement, 770-1. Martin — Elizabeth, Ephraim, Jennet, John, John, Jr., Rebecca, and Sam- uel, 843. Melcher — Aaron, Abner, Eliza])eth, John, Josiah, Joseph, Lois, Mar}% Nathaniel, Noah, Rachel, Rebecca, Reliance, and Samuel, 843. Merrill, John, 771-2, 843. Merrill, Col. Abel, 7 72,. 843-4. Merrill, Leonard P., 773. Merrill, Capt. Moses Emery, 773. Merrill — Abel, Daniel, Hannah, Hum- phrey, John, Joseph, Mary, Obed, and Susannah, 843-4. Merryman — Hugh. James, Michael, Thomas, and AYalter, 844. Miller, Rev. John, 773-4. Miuot, Hon. John, 774-5, 844. Miuot — George, Hannah, John, Mehit- able, Mercy, Stephen, aud Thomas, 844. Morse — Adam, Anne, Anthony, Ben- jamin, Ephraim, Hannah, James, Joseph, John, Margaret, Martha, Mary, Sarah, and Susannah, 844-5. Mouutford — Edmund, Ester, Hannah, Margaret, Mary, William, aud Viu- ceut, 845. N. Newman, Prof. Samuel P., 775-6. Noyes — Cutting, Harriet, James, Jane, Joseph, Mary, aud Nicholas, 845. O. O'Brien, John M., 776-7. Ori', Benjamin, 777-9. Orr — Clement, John, Joseph, Lettice, Marv, and Richard, 845-6. Owen, Philip, 779-80, 846. Owen — David, Dorothy, Gideon, Han- nah, Hugh White, Jane, Janney, Jo- anna, Jeremiah, John, Lucy, Mar- garet, Martha, Philip, Rachel, Thomas, and William, 846. P. Packard, Rev. Charles, 783-5. Page, Dr. Jonathan, 780-1. Patten, John, 781-2, 846. Patten, Cai)t. Robert, 782-3, 846. Palteu — Abigail, Actor, David, Dorcas, Elizabeth, Hannah, Hugh, Jane. John, Joseph, Margaret, Mary, Matthew, Rachel, Robert, Rebecca, Sarah, Thomas, and William, 846. Pennell — Jacol), John, Matthew, Ste- phen, and Thomas, 847. Perkins, Major Nahum, 785-6. Perry, John, 786, 847. Perry — Hannah L. W., Isabella Hunt, Jesse Appleton, John A., Martha G., Octavia Jaue, and Nathaniel, 847. Perry, William S., 786-7, 847. Peterson — Abigail, Charles, Daniel, Hewett, James, John, Jonathan, Joseph, Levi, Lucy, Nancy, Sarah, aud William, 847-8. Porter, Dr. Benjamin Jones, 787-8. Potter — Alexander, Andrew, Christian, David, Elizabeth, Hewey, James, Jaue, John, Joseph, Matthew, Mary, Samuel, and William, 848. Purchase, Thomas, 788-97. Purinton, Humphrey, 797, 848. Purinton, Francis T., 797-8. Purinton, Nathaniel, 798, 848. Purinton, Stephen, 799. Purinton — Abial, Hezekiah, Humphrey, James, Joshua, aud Nathaniel, 848. R. Randall — Benjamin, Joseph, and Wil- liam, 848. Randall — P^lizabeth, Ezra, Heatherby, - Isaac, Isaiali, John, Joseph, Mar- garet, and Nabby, 848-9. Randall — Benjamin, Daniel, Jane, Paul, aud William, 849. Raymond — Edward and Paul, 849. Reed — Anna, Charity, David, Deina, Hannah, Jane, John, Margaret, Martha, Mary, Susan, and William, 849-50. Reed, John, 799, 849. Rich — David, Isaac, Obadiah, Richard, Reuben, and Zabeth, 850. Ridlev — Daniel, James, Mark, and Rachel, 850. Robbins, Augustus C, 799-800. Rogers, Hon. George, 800, 850. Rogers, George A., 800-1. Rogers — Alexander, Ann, Dinah, Hugh, Jenney, John. Margaret, Rob- ert, Thomas, and William, 850. Ross, William, 801-2, 851. Ross — Anna, Elizabetli, James, Jennett, Martha, Robert, Sarah, and Wil- liam, 851. Rutherford, Rev. Robert, 802. Simpson — Jane, Josiah, Lewis, Robert, and William, 851. NAMES IN BIOGRAPHIES AND FAMILY HISTORIES. 959 Sinnett — James, Michael, and Stephen, 851-2. Skolfield, George, 803. Skolfield, Thomas, 802-3, 852. Skolfield — Anne, Clement, Elizabeth, George, John, Joseph, Martha, Mary, Rebecca, Richard, Susan, Thomas, and William, 8.52-3. Small — David, Deborah, Ephraim, Jo- seph. Lydia, Mark, Samuel, Taylor, Thankful, and Thomas, 853. Smith — Joseph, Molly, Samuel, and Thomas, 853. Smyth, Prof. William, 80.3-7. Snow — Ambrose, Anthony, Elisha, Eliz- abeth, Hannah, Isaac, John, Joseph, Mercy, Nicholas, Samuel, and Wil- liam, 853. Spear, Robert and William, 853. Sprague — David, Elizabeth, Erances, James, Joseph, Mary, Oakmau, Robert, Ruth, Samuel, William, and Willis, 85.3-4. Stanwood, David, 807-8. Stanwood, William, 808. Stanwood — Charity, David. Dorcas, Ebenezer, Eleanor, Elizabeth, Jere- miah, Lydia, Lucy, Mary, Samuel, Sibbel, Stephen, Susan, William, and Winslow, 854. Staples — Anne,Daniel, Epliraim, James John, Josepli, Josiah, Jude, Lucy, Marv, Robert, and Stephen, 854. Stetson, "Rev. Seth, 808-9. Stone, Alfred J., 809. Stone — Benjamin, Daniel, Gregory, Hannah, James, John, Jothani, Lydia, Matthias, Rebecca, Simon, Theodore, and William, 855. Stover (or Stafford) — Abigail, Alcott, John, Johnson, Joseph, Mary, and Wanton, 855. Swett — James, John, and William, 855. Swift — Dean, Jane, John Luf kin, Lem- uel, Mary, and Susan Dincen, 856. Sylvester, Marlborough, 809-10. Sylvester — Barstow, Charles, Deborah, Elijah, Gabriel, Hannah, Huldah, Isaac, Marlborough, Mercy, Rich- ard, and Stephen, 856. T. Tarr — Betsey, Catherine, Clark, Mary, Richard, and William, 856-7. Thompson, Abner B., 810. Thompson, Charles, 810-11. Thompson, Brig. Samuel, 811-16, 857. Thompson — Aaron, Adrian, Alexander, Alpheus, Benjamin, Dixey, Eliza- beth, Eunice, Ezekiel, Francis A., llaunah, Isaiah, James, Jane, Jemi- ma, John, Ljdia, Mary, Rachel, Re- liance, Ruth, Sarah, and Wildes T., 857. Titcomb, Rev. Benjamin, 816. Toothaker— Abigail, Abram, Andrew, Alexander, Elizabeth, Ebenezer, Gideon, Isaac, Jenney, Rebecca, Seth, and William Rodick, 858. U. Upham,Prof. Thomas C, 816-18. V. Veazie — Deborah, George, John, Re- becca, Samuel, and William, 858. Veazie, Samuel, 818-20, 858. W. Walker — Augustine, Gideon, Hannah, John, Lucy, Richard, and Susan- nah, 858-9. Walker, Nathaniel, 820, 858-9. Webber — Abigail, Betsey, Charles, Daniel, David, Deborah, Eleanor, Elizabeth, Hannah, James, Jane, Jeremiah, Joseph, Josiah, Lucy, Martha, Mercy, Patience, Phineas, Richard, Robert, Sarah, Susannah, Waitt, andWaitstill, 859. Weston — Edmund and Jacob, 859. Wheeler, Rev. Dr. Amos D., 820-2. White — David, Doretha, Elijah, George, Hugh, Jane, Jean, John, Josepli, Judah, Mary, Martha, Polly, Sally, and William, 859. Whitney — Benjamin, John, Jonathan, Lettis, Lydia, Samuel, and Susan- nah, 860. Whitten — Eleanor, Hannah, John, Jo- seph, Joshua, Molly, Moses, Ruth, Samuel, and Sarah, 860. Wilson, Thomas, 822-3, 860-1. Wilson — Alexander, Betsey, Catherine, David, Elizabeth, Ester, Hannah, Hugh, Isabella, James.Jennet, John, Lettice, Margaret, Mattliew, Mary, Robert, Samuel, Susannah, Swan- zey, Thomas, and William, 860-1. Winchell — Ann, Ebenezer, Hannah, James, John, Martha, Mary, Rob- ert, Salome, Samuel, and Silence, 861-2. Woodside, Rev. James, 823-5, 862. ■ Woodside, William, 825-6, 862. Woodside — Anna, Anthony, James, Jean, Mary, Sarah, Vincent, and William, 862. Woodward — Ebenezer, Joseph, Peggy, Peter, and Samuel, 862. Wyer — Agnes, 1 )avid, James S., JaneE., Josepli^ Lettice, Lucretia, Margaret, Mary, Robert, and AVilliam, 86^. // A (y^y-