r 
 
 JVonArKmusmY 
 
 OFTHE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 
 
 ITS POSSI Bl LIT! ES FOR PROFITABLE PURSUIT 
 
 
The Imperial Hotel, Portland, where the Convention 
 was held. 
 
 Published by the Northzuest 
 Angora Goat Association, in con- 
 nection zvith the Passenger Depart- 
 ment of the Oregon- Washington 
 Railroad & Navigation Co., and 
 Southern Pacific lines in Oregon. 
 
THE ANGORA AND MOHAIR 
 
 INDUSTRY IN THE 
 
 NORTHWEST 
 
 ALSO 
 
 A FULL REPORT AND PROCEEDINGS OF 
 
 THE FIRST ANNUAL CONVENTION 
 
 OF THE NORTHWEST ANGORA 
 
 GOAT ASSOCIATION 
 
 HELD IN 
 
 PORTLAND, OREGON, JANUARY 4-7, 1911 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 NORTHWEST ANGORA GOAT ASSOCIATION 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 E. A. Rhotf.n, Salem, Oregon, President 
 
 E. L. Naylor, Forest Grove, Oregon, Vice-President 
 
 Alva L McDonald, Secretary-Treasurer 
 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
 
 G. W. McBee E. L. Naylor J. Hanks C. B Guinn 
 
 Alva McDonald E. A. Rhoten W. C. Harkness 
 
 COMPILED BY 
 
 Alva L. McDonald, Secretary-Treasurer, Hamilton Bldg., Portland, Oregon 
 
b^"> 
 
 E. A. Rholen, President. 
 
 Alva L. McDonald, Sec.-Treas. 
 
 E. L. Naylor. Vice-President. 
 
 Officers of Northwe^ Angora Goat Association 
 
The cut on the title page of this Booklet is a fine repro- 
 duction of the Grand Champion Buck at the 
 Northwest Angora Goat Show at Portland, January 
 4-7, 191 I. He was pronounced the finest specimen 
 ever handled by the judge, and fittingly illustrates 
 the possibilities for Angora culture here. The hair 
 on this animal was of an average of over 20 inches, 
 some of it measuring 24 inches, and was valued at 
 approximately $ICO.OO. He belonged to the cele- 
 brated Angora breeders and exhibitors, Wm. Rid- 
 dells & Sons, of Monmouth, Oregon. 
 
N. A. Gwin, Lawrence, Kansas. 
 President American Angora Goal Breeders' Association 
 
 John W. Fulton, Secretary American Angora Goat 
 Breeders' Association, Helena, Montana. 
 
 Officers of American Angora Goat 
 Breeders' Association' 
 
Prefatory 
 
 IN presenting this booklet to the public, we 
 do so without any hesitancy whatever. 
 The making of books is without number 
 and the reading public is confronted with the 
 problem of picking out the wheat from the chaff. 
 It is therefore necessary for the reader to exer- 
 cise intelligence in the perusal of the books and 
 pamphlets exploiting the various lines of indus- 
 try. The Angora goat and mohair industry has 
 reached a stage where it is now one of the 
 established branches of livestock husbandry, and 
 a study of the following pages will convince 
 the most skeptical that it is one of great profit. 
 The demand for mohair goods is growing to such 
 an extent that there is need for a great deal 
 larger production. To encourage this and to 
 set forth the assured profits to those who con- 
 template engaging in the business, is the purpose 
 of this booklet. In the United States and Can- 
 ada there are millions of fertile acres of com- 
 monly termed "logged off" lands that would be 
 worth millions of money for agricultural pur- 
 poses, if cleared. In the western part of Ore- 
 gon and Washington there are thousands of acres 
 overgrown with underbrush and what is termed 
 "second growth" timber. Out of these tracts 
 could be hewn numberless farms and homes. 
 They can be purchased very cheaply, but the 
 cost of clearing the land is an obstacle to sale 
 and settlement. The Angora goat has in a large 
 measure solved this problem. The inherent ten- 
 dency to browse — as the deer — has been a 
 blessing in disguise, for this undergrowth and 
 brush is to the goat a delicacy and the utiliza- 
 tion of it a habit. Hence, we reiterate that the 
 propagation of the Angora is one of the most 
 profitable of the livestock industries in the North- 
 west. 
 
 In order to show to the homeseeking farmer 
 and stock raiser the advantages offered in this 
 field of almost unlimited scope, and to the own- 
 ers of these immense tracts how they may be 
 turned to good account, increasing the amount 
 of acreage adaptable to agricultural pursuits 
 
 and stock raising, it was decided by the board 
 of directors of the Northwest Angora Goat 
 Association to issue this report of the first 
 annual convention, which was held in Portland 
 January 4-7, 1911, and to use as its principal 
 subject matter the papers read before this meet- 
 ing. 
 
 The articles, papers and speeches herein 
 found are all from practical men who are ex- 
 perts on their particular subjects and the state- 
 ments contained herein may be accepted in the 
 assurance that they are proper and conservative 
 statements of facts and a proper criterion by 
 which to judge of the merits of the Angora goat 
 and mohair industry in the Northwest. 
 
 It has been the effort of the compiler to avoid 
 "booming" the industry. It requires nothing 
 of this nature, for the hundreds of successful 
 breeders who have been engaged in the industry 
 for the past twenty years have proven its worth 
 without any recourse to exaggeration or the re- 
 cital of happenings other than facts. 
 
 It is simply desired to show the advantages 
 of the industry, and in doing so we divide it into 
 three classes, viz. : The clearing of brush lands, 
 the growing of mohair for commercial purposes, 
 and the animal, as a delicacy for the table. It 
 is maintained that the Northwest is ideal for the 
 purpose, and that we can engage in all three 
 branches of the industry with abundant profit. 
 We have here men of national reputation, who 
 have achieved wonders, who have amassed 
 much money and who have built up a most lu 
 crative business in the growing of Angora goats 
 simply for the profits accruing from the sale of 
 mohair, and this on high priced land. Greater 
 profits can be made when one may raise the 
 same class of stock and produce the same grade 
 of mohair on land that is worthless for any other 
 purpose. 
 
 It is hoped that this publication will be of 
 benefit to those who are in the Angora goat 
 business, to those who have such tracts of lands 
 such as are mentioned, and to those who desire 
 to buy cheap lands and engage in a business 
 at once profitable and interesting. 
 
 5 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORJHWEST 
 
 In the perusal of the booklet the reader will 
 find information dealing with all phases of the 
 industry — the growing of stock, the production 
 of mohair, suggestions as to the utilization of 
 logged-off lands, and experiences of practical 
 men who have been m the business for years. 
 
 The time is coming and will soon be here when 
 cheap lands will be hard to secure. At present 
 there are cheap but rich lands awaiting the set- 
 tler, and the Angora goat will be a prime factor 
 in converting these now waste places into some 
 of the most profitable lands of the Northwest. 
 
 Greetings 
 
 IN presenting this booklet to the public the 
 Northwest Angora Goat Association does 
 so hoping that it will be read by interested 
 parties and particularly by those desiring infor- 
 mation along these lines. 
 
 The Angora industry in the Northwest is 
 of great importance, but should be a much 
 greater industry. Not only is there a field for 
 parties to engage in the business exclusively and 
 keep large flocks, but there is a place for a 
 small flock on nearly every farm on the north- 
 western coast. 
 
 The common impression that the goat is hard 
 to fence is erroneous, for while it is a great 
 climber and will climb any slanting rail fence, 
 it is no jumper and will not attempt to jump 
 an ordinary woven wire fence. 
 
 The goat's chief diet is largely made up 
 from what would ordinarily not only go to 
 waste, but would be a detriment to the farm, 
 so the income is largely profit, when the range 
 or pasture is not overstocked. 
 
 New fields of usefulness are constantly be- 
 ing opened up for mohair and the prices are 
 such that a neat income can be derived from 
 a flock of Angoras. 
 
 This booklet is designed to furnish infor- 
 mation about the Angora, but if any point is not 
 fully covered, any officer or member of this 
 association will gladly lend every assistance to 
 any inquirer. 
 
 E. A. Rhoten, 
 Pres. Northwest Angora Goat Association. 
 
Hi^orical 
 
 THE Angora breed of goats originated 
 in the vilayet of Angora, in Asia Minor, 
 but it is not known when this was. Some 
 have ventured to say that it was 2400 years ago. 
 There is pretty strong evidence which goes to 
 show that they were a distinctive breed when 
 Moses was leading the Israelites out of Egypt. 
 Goats' hair was spun by the Israelites for cur- 
 tains and other purposes for use in the temple. 
 The story recorded in I Samuel (chapter 19) of 
 the artifice of Michael in deceiving the messen- 
 gers of Saul by placmg an image in the bed in 
 place of David and giving it a pillow of goats' 
 hair, is believed by Pennant to refer to a pillow 
 made of the A.ngora fleece. 
 
 The city Angora, or Enguri, the capital city 
 of the vilayet of Angora, is the ancient Ancyra, 
 and is located about 220 miles south by south- 
 east from Constantinople. Angora was the 
 seat of one of the earhest Christian churches, 
 which was probably established by the Apostle 
 Paul. The province is mountainous to a con- 
 siderable extent and furrowed by deep valleys. 
 It is about 2900 feet above the level of the sea. 
 It was here that this famous goat reached its 
 perfection. That the altitude, the soil, or the 
 climate, or all of them together had much in- 
 fluence in producing this fleece-bearing goat, is 
 supported by strong evidence. Dr. John Bach- 
 man and the Encyclopedia Britannica both state 
 that the fineness of the hair of the Angora goat 
 may perhaps be ascribed to some peculiarity in 
 the atmosphere, "for it is remarkable that the 
 cats, dogs, sheep and other animals of the coun- 
 try are to a certain extent affected in the same 
 way as the goats." The same opinion was 
 expressed by Captain Conolly, quoted by 
 Southey (1848) : "It is remarkable that wher- 
 ever these goats exist the cats and greyhounds 
 have long silky hair also — the cats all over 
 their bodies, the greyhounds chiefly on their 
 ears and tails. " These statements led Schreiner 
 to the conclusion that the atmosphere is the chief 
 factor. — By Geo. Fayette Thompson, M. S., in 
 "The Angora Goat," U. S. Dept. Agriculture 
 Bulletin 27. 
 
 The history of the Angora goat in the United 
 States dates from 1849 (see Practical Angora 
 Goat Raising, by C. P. Bailey & Sons). Dr. 
 James B. Davis, of Columbia, South Carolina, 
 was presented with nine choice animals by the 
 Sultan of Turkey. The Sultan had requested 
 President Polk to send a man to Turkey who 
 understood the culture of cotton. Dr. Davis 
 was appointed, and upon his return to America, 
 as a courtesy, the Sultan presented him with the 
 goats. 
 
 Col. Richard Peters, of Atlanta, Georgia, in 
 1854, secured most of these goats, and in 1885 
 made an exhibit of their progeny at the New 
 Orleans World's Fair. These were followed by 
 the Chanery importation in I 86 1 , the Brown & 
 Diehl 1861, and it was from some of these 
 that the famous flock of C. P. Bailey & Sons 
 was started. 
 
 Then followed the Eutichides importations of 
 1873, the Hall & Harris of 1878, the Jenks in 
 1880, and the Bailey importation of 1893. In 
 1901 W. C. Bailey imported two bucks and 
 two does from Asia Minor direct, and in 1901 
 Wm. Landrum imported two bucks from South 
 Africa, and Hoerle in 1 904 imported about 1 30 
 head from South Africa. 
 
 At the present time it is highly improbable 
 that any more importations can be made, as a 
 royal decree prohibits exports from Asia Minor 
 and a prohibitive duty in South Africa of 
 $486.65 has destroyed any hope of a suc- 
 cessful importation from that country. 
 
 However, as it is now generally conceded 
 that our flocks are of as high a quality as any 
 there, we have nothing much to lose by these 
 restrictions. 
 
 THE INDUSTRY IN THE NORTH- 
 WEST. 
 
 The Angora goats of the Northwest are of 
 a particularly good type, the foundation stock 
 being the high grade Angoras introduced fifty 
 years ago. 
 
 In 1872 or '73 Mr. Landrum exhibited a 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTUWEST 
 
 small flock of Angoras at the Oregon State Fair 
 at Salem, and the following year brought an ad- 
 ditional ten animals for exhibition. His first 
 flock pastured in a brushy enclosure near 
 Salem, having created a great interest in Angoras 
 throughout that section, a large sale flock was 
 brought into the Willamette Valley by him in 
 1874 or '75. 
 
 According to Mr. George Houck, writing in 
 the Oregon Agriculturist and Rural Northwest 
 (November 1st, 1897), the first Angora goats 
 brought to Oregon came from California about 
 1867. The band, consisting of one hundred 
 and fifty-two animals, was from the flock of 
 Thomas Butterfield, a former associate of Wil- 
 liam M. Landrum, the pioneer breeder, who first 
 introduced Angora goats in California. 
 
 These were brought here by Mr. A. Cantral, 
 and he was one of the first, if not the first, 
 to introduce them into the Willamette Valley. 
 They were fifteen-sixteenths and thirty-one- 
 thirty-seconds Angoras. There were 1 50 ewes, 
 which cost Mr. Cantral $12.50 each, and a 
 pure-blooded buck and one pure-blooded ewe. 
 For these two he paid Mr. Butterfield $1500, 
 this being the highest price for two Angoras by 
 an Oregon breeder at that time of which there 
 is any record. 
 
 Mr. Cantral located near Corvallis, Oregon. 
 Some of the older Angora breeders still re- 
 member when he made an exhibit at the Oregon 
 State Fair. 
 
 Most of the goats of the state of Oregon are 
 descendants from this Landrum stock, their rec- 
 ord of breeding being traceable through the 
 Peters flock to the animals of the original Davis 
 importation from Turkey. Many other flocks 
 have since been brought into the state, notably 
 that of John S. Harris, a later importer of An- 
 goras from Turkey, until today, as the out- 
 come of forty years experience with this class 
 of stock, the Oregon breeders have developed a 
 very fine type of Angora goats — rugged, robust 
 animals of large size and densely covered with 
 mohair of good quality. 
 
 With such stock for foundation, our present 
 breeders have from year to year by intelligent 
 breeding and patient care, combined with a 
 knowledge of climate and local conditions, de- 
 veloped a quality that is the envy of the world 
 and a source of pride to the state. 
 
 We have today men who have achieved a 
 national reputation through their interest and 
 development of the Angora and mohair in- 
 dustry. Men like Wm. Riddells & Sons, of 
 Monmouth, Oregon; U. S. Grant, of Dallas, 
 Oregon; J. B. Stump, of Monmouth, Oregon, 
 and E. T. Naylor, of Forest Grove, Oregon, 
 are known from coast to coast and are entitled 
 to the gratitude of the public for the incalculable 
 good done by the exploitation of an industry that 
 has added millions to the wealth of the state. 
 
 From the initial importation fifty years ago 
 the industry has flourished and broadened out 
 until there is scarcely a county in the state in 
 Oregon where they may not be found, and the 
 State of Washington is taking thousands there 
 to put to work on her waste lands. Polk 
 county, Oregon, has been and is still the "Blue 
 Ribbon " county for Angoras. There will be 
 found the famous flocks of Grant, Farley, Guth- 
 rie Bros., Riddell & Sons, Stump, McBee and 
 others, and for years the sale of bucks has been 
 a source of profit to the owners, aside from the 
 annual sale of the mohair, which averages about 
 150,000 pounds. 
 
 Angora husbandry in Oregon now ranks 
 well in importance with the livestock pursuits of 
 the state. Oregon is second if not first m num- 
 ber of Angora goats and production of mohair 
 in the United States, the annual clip from its 
 flocks of Angoras running in value well toward 
 $50,000.00, while the value of their yearly 
 increase approximates $400,000.00. More 
 than half a million dollars of new wealth is 
 added annually to the yield of Oregon farms 
 from Angora goats. Oregon mohair ranks with 
 the best in the eastern markets and commands 
 the highest market prices. 
 
The Objed of the Association 
 
 By Alva L. McDonald, Secretary. 
 
 OWING to the fact that there are pres- 
 ent with us today many men of national 
 reputation who are experts in the industry 
 which we represent here, I am not going to 
 occupy any more time than will be sufficient to 
 enable me to state briefly just how and why 
 this association came into being. 
 
 From an imaginary line away up in Canada 
 to away "down South," not where the cotton 
 but where the orange blossoms grow, bounded on 
 the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the east 
 by the universe, we have territory that is unique 
 in many respects. The unknown millions of 
 acres in this district lying idle and unused, over- 
 grown with brush, a menace to those living in 
 the vicinity as a firetrap, fostering and always 
 providing a source for starting fires, and the 
 very nature of this isolation making it well-nigh 
 impossible to ward off or to fight this common 
 foe, these millions of acres known as "logged- 
 off lands" have been for a long time truly a 
 burning question. These tracts have burned 
 and in doing so have burned their way into pub- 
 lic attention, and many who have experimented 
 with them have been in a measure scorched. 
 
 Angora goat culture has furnished in a way 
 a solution of the logged-off land difficulties. 
 The industry has been a profitable one for a 
 number of years and its possibilities have awak- 
 ened a new interest among those who have 
 large tracts of these logged-off lands. In fact, 
 the industry is no longer an experiment, and this 
 association is formed for the purpose of aiding 
 and abetting the business and for the purpose 
 of disseminating knowledge of the same. 
 
 The devastation wrought by forest fires dur- 
 ing the past year has aroused the public attention 
 to the fact that something must be done to com- 
 bat the awful results in consequence of the 
 flames. In the Angora goat a way has been 
 found by which the danger has been greatly 
 lessened and a good profit has been made at 
 the same time. 
 
 To show the wide interest there is abroad 
 
 concerning the industry, I wish to state that 
 in the last year there has been to my knowledge 
 dozens of new firms started in Angora business, 
 and inquiries which our books will show have 
 reached me from every section of the North- 
 west and California. Information as a general 
 rule is what is needed by them, and I have 
 been hard pressed to keep up with these re- 
 quests. The absence of ready printed matter 
 has entailed voluminous correspondence. There- 
 fore it is my opinion that we should get out a 
 booklet dealing with the conditions here in the 
 Northwest, which would facilitate matters ex- 
 ceedingly. 
 
 In arranging the program I have endeavored 
 to cover the field and enable those here assembled 
 to gain an insight into the various ramifications 
 of the industry at large. I trust that much good 
 will be accomplished. There is a wonderful 
 amount of work yet to be done to place this 
 industry on the plane to which it belongs. Many 
 of those present were at the meeting in Dallas 
 one year ago, when this organization was formed, 
 but for the benefit of those who were not there 
 I will quote from the minutes of the first meet- 
 ing of this association. 
 
 "Saturday, January 8th, 1910, representa- 
 tives from most of the Angora goat centers of 
 the Northwest met in convention to discuss and 
 formulate plans looking toward the organization 
 of a permanent association. The object, as 
 stated, was to promote the industry, to get the 
 breeders in a position so that concerted action 
 can be taken on those matters affecting the 
 industry, to secure adequate recognition from 
 our state legislature and public officers, to pro- 
 vide for a comprehensive plan of publicity, to 
 collect statistics and data for the purpose of 
 disseminating information respecting this very 
 profitable branch of the livestock industry in 
 the Northwest, to hold Angora goat conventions, 
 and in general to contribute to the prominence 
 of this great Northwest as an Angora goat 
 breeding center. It was the unanimous senti- 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 ment of the convention that the prime object 
 of the association will be to hold a great Angora 
 goat show in the fall of 1910, time and date 
 to be decided later. Addresses were made by 
 U. S. Grant, president of the National Mohair 
 Association; Wilson A. Ayres, Wm. Riddell, 
 Alva L. McDonald and others on matters of 
 interest pertaining to the industry. Officers were 
 elected as follows: President, G. W. McBee, 
 Dallas; vice-president, E. L. Naylor, Forest 
 Grove ; secretary-treasurer, Alva L. McDonald, 
 Portland; board of directors, W. A. Ayres, 
 Dallas; J. Hanks, Ellensburg, Wash.; C. B. 
 Guinn, Oakland, and W. C. Harkness, of 
 Idaho. Altogether it was one of the most en- 
 
 thusiastic meetings that the Angora goat men 
 have ever held in this part of the country. An 
 intense and earnest disposition was manifest to 
 get together and work together and push for the 
 upbuilding of the Angora goat industry, and 
 all through the convention much harmony pre- 
 vailed." 
 
 The meeting today, gentlemen, is the result 
 of that meeting. In the past year we have 
 taken in as members all the leading breeders in 
 the Northwest. We have just had a most 
 successful show. - '-ave aroused much needed 
 
 interest in the industry and we have before us 
 a very hopeful outlook for the industry. 
 
 -J^.-' 
 
 An Angora Display at the Washington State Fair at Yakima, 1910. 
 
 \Phoio b\) Alva L. McDonald 
 
 10 
 
A Pradical Farmer's Experience with 
 
 Angora Goats 
 
 Read by J. R. Springer, Holly, Ore., at the First annual meeting of the Northwest An- 
 gora Goat Association. 
 
 I have been asked to read a paper on my 
 experience with the Angora goat. Possibly my 
 experience has not differed from others in the 
 same calling and may not offer anything but 
 that which is common property with you all, but, 
 thinking that there may be some here at this 
 convention who contemplate engaging in Angora 
 husbandry, I have consented to read a paper on 
 the subject. 
 
 In 1 892 I settled on a homestead away up in 
 the foothills in Linn county about 1 000 feet 
 above sea level, where the timber and brush 
 were so thick that the only way I could look out 
 was skyward, and in many places the sky was 
 obscured. 
 
 It was a pretty big undertaking to hew out a 
 home at the age of forty, but I was home hun- 
 gry. Therefore I slashed timber and brush and 
 went to burning logs and stumps to clear a place 
 to grow something upon which to live. 
 
 I followed this plan to clear the land for 
 several years, but made slow headway, until I 
 finally saw that the sprouts that came up were 
 going to smother out what grass I had sowed 
 and I was about to give up in disgust and sell 
 
 "Looking Across the Valley." Note the absence of 
 brush. The Angoras did it. 
 
 to the first buyer, when two of my neighbors 
 went over to Dallas in Polk county and bought 
 some Angora goats and brought them into the 
 neighborhood. 
 
 I watched their work for that season and 
 liked it. I then bought ten of the first kids 
 that one man raised — five does and five wethers 
 — for which I paid $30.00, brought them home 
 at weaning time and put them to work. They 
 and their progeny have cleared over 40 acres 
 clean and I have part of that under cultivation 
 and the rest is seeded to grass. They are now 
 at work on the rest of the 90 acres I have cut 
 and fenced. 
 
 I am not so anxious to destroy the brush now, 
 for the goats bring me the easiest money I make. 
 They work for nothing, largely board them- 
 selves the entire year, and return a handsome 
 profit in kids and mohair. 
 
 I do not know how much the mohair has 
 brought me, for sometimes it has brought 2 1 
 cents and sometimes 32 cents. When it was 
 low we pooled and then the buyers pooled and 
 agreed on a price, and until this year our clip 
 did not hardly average $1.00 per fleece; but 
 since the growers have organized things are 
 coming our way again and the industry looks 
 very encourapip" once more. 
 
 I started with pretty good goats, for my 
 neighbors said they got the best they could find. 
 I am o.uite sure mine were good, for I sent 
 some mohair down to the Lewis and Clark Fair 
 and got a gold medal. 
 
 Shortly after that fair one of my neighbors 
 brought a buck from Wm. Riddell home with 
 him and I watched for results. I had been told 
 that kids from full-bloods were hard to raise, but 
 when I saw that my neighbor got abng as well 
 as I did, I bought the buck when he was through 
 with him and I raised 46 kids in the two years 
 
 11 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 I had him. I had been getting from one and 
 one-half to three pounds per fleece from my kids, 
 and when I got five pounds from some of the 
 earliest I was indeed surprised. 
 
 I then got a registered buck from the Craig 
 brothers at Maclay, and the animals of the 
 second cross are beauties. 
 
 Fearing my neighbor was getting the better 
 of me, I thought I would go him one better, so 
 I purchased some registered does. My neighbor 
 has sold his goats, but not because I got ahead, 
 but on account of so much loss from coyotes. 
 I also lost my first full-blood buck kid that way, 
 but am not discouraged, for it is the mohair I 
 am after principally and I find that at the price 
 of mohair this year I only have to get one pound 
 extra on 36 fleeces to pay for a $20.00 buck. 
 
 I find that they eat everything that grows on 
 
 goats this year and have 53 head left of my 
 youngest and best. 
 
 I have also had experience with early kids 
 and I do not like them. I don't Hke to get 
 out of a warm bed at one or two o'clock (and 
 the colder, the more sure one is to have to get 
 out) and go to the goat shed and bring in a half 
 dozen half frozen kids and build up a fire and 
 warm them. 
 
 I have an improved method for raising large 
 kids without their being born so early in the 
 season. I sow vetch and oats early in the 
 fall, and along about the first of April it is 
 large enough to turn in the kids. This gives 
 them a start so they catch up with those born 
 earlier. 
 
 I find that goats will not do well in the mud, 
 but will get sore feet. If any do get footsore in 
 
 While they were at it. After They Were Through. 
 
 Seen: from Farm of J. R. Springer. 
 
 my place and it takes from three to five years 
 to kill out any kind of brush if the goats are 
 confined to the one pasture. 
 
 A year or two after I got my first goats I 
 bought some Shropshire sheep and kept them 
 two or three years, until I saw they would kill 
 out what grass I had, and I then sold them. 
 The sheep had their noses on the ground all the 
 time and the goats had theirs up in the air after 
 leaves on the brush. My cows could not get 
 along with the sheep, but did and are still doing 
 well with the goats. I was sorry I could not 
 keep sheep, as I value them highly for their wool 
 and mutton. 
 
 I have sold over $100 worth of mohair and 
 
 winter, I keep a bottle handy (with a crease 
 in the cork) with a str^mg solution of blue vitriol 
 to put between their hoofs and that corrects the 
 trouble. 
 
 For a feed rack I put a 1 2-inch board on 
 the ground and leave a 7-inch space for them to 
 put their heads through to eat and so prevent 
 waste. They are a very clean animal and will 
 not eat anything that has been mussed over. 
 
 They make about the same round every day 
 and return home at night. They take a little 
 from each bush each day and finally the bush 
 gives it up and dies for the lack of leaves. 
 
 They eat thistles, dog-fennel, flag, ferns of a 
 half dozen kinds, Oregon grape, sal-al, buck 
 
 12 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 brush, wild rose (and they are the only animal 
 or anything else that will kill the dewberry, com- 
 monly called wild blackberry), chinkapu, hazel, 
 alder, elder, dogwood, squawberry, fir, willow, 
 maple, vmemaple, horehound and catnip, and 
 in fact any living shrub or tree and grass will 
 
 grow up with them. The fact is that when the 
 brush is gone it is time to get rid of your goats, 
 and I will say in conclusion that any one with 
 a patch of brush cannot afford to do without 
 them. 
 
 The Utilization of Logged- Off Land for Pa^ure 
 m We^ern Oregon and We^ern Washington 
 
 By Byron Hunter, Agriculturist, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, in charge of Farm Manage- 
 ment Investigation in Oregon and Washington. 
 
 Byron Hunter, Department of Agriculture, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 At the present time there are approximately 
 3,000,000 acres of unimproved logged-off land 
 in Western Oregon and Western Washington. 
 The area of this land is also increasing very 
 rapidly. In 1 908 the I 9 counties of Washing- 
 
 ton west of the Cascade Mountains had a total 
 of 5,179,995 acres of assessed standing tim- 
 ber. By the close of 1910 this was reduced to 
 4,397,580 acres, a decrease of a little more 
 than 39 1 ,000 acres per annum. A decrease 
 in the area of standing timber means a corre- 
 sponding increase in the area logged off. 
 
 These logged-off lands are being cleared and 
 brought under cultivation very slowly when 
 compared with the area stripped of its merchant- 
 able timber. In 1 908 these 1 9 counties of 
 Western Washington had 433,022 acres of 
 assessed cultivated or improved pasture land. 
 By 1910 this had increased to 627,723 acres. 
 From these figures it will be seen, therefore, that 
 the area stripped of its merchantable timber, i. e., 
 logged-off, exceeds the area cleared and made 
 ready for the plow or improved for pasture pur- 
 poses by 293,857 acres per year. The reason 
 for this difference is very apparent. To clear 
 this land and bring it under a good state o\ 
 cultivation is very expensive. In most instances 
 the cost of the raw stump land plus the cost of 
 clearing it exceeds the value of the land after 
 it is under cultivation. For this reason the 
 bulk of the logged-off land has been permitted 
 to lie unused and unimproved since the timber 
 was removed. In the meantime it grows up to 
 ferns, underbrush and thickets of young ever- 
 greens. In this condition logged-off land yields 
 nothing to the owner, and becomes a drawback 
 to the community. During the summer months. 
 
 13 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE N0RTH:^EST 
 
 when the logs, tree tops and other rubbish on 
 the surface of the ground becomes thoroughly 
 dry, uncontrollable fires not infrequently sweep 
 over these waste areas. In this way logged-off 
 land becomes a menace to the adjacent standing 
 -timber and the homes and property of the settlers 
 who are making farms on these cut-over lands. 
 
 The rapid increase in population of both 
 Oregon and Washington during the last decade, 
 especially of the cities, has made a great de- 
 mand for farm produce. To meet this demand 
 it has been necessary to ship into these two states 
 enormous quantities of food supplies. This in 
 turn has caused a great demand for farm land 
 and has brought the question of utilizing logged- 
 off land prominently before the people. Owing 
 to the rapidity with which the timber is being 
 cut and the heavy expense connected with bring- 
 ing logged-off land under cultivation, it is very 
 evident that it will be many years before the 
 bulk of this land will be cleared and used to pro- 
 duce farm crops. If allowed to lie unused 
 it produces a growth of underbrush and young 
 trees. It therefore becomes very difficult to 
 clear the land as the years go by. 
 
 The climate of Western Oregon and Western 
 Washington is well adapted to the growth of 
 grasses and clovers and my purpose in appear- 
 ing before you today is to show ( 1 ) how these 
 cut-over lands may profitably be used for pas- 
 ture, and (2) how, under proper management, 
 the use of these lands for pasture purposes will 
 materially lessen the cost of clearing the land 
 and largely decrease the danger of forest fires. 
 Preparation of Logged-Off Land for Pasture. 
 
 Under modern methods of logging there is 
 usually an enormous amount of debris left on 
 the surface of the ground and in which fires 
 frequently break out during the dry season. In 
 order to protect the standing timber it has be- 
 come quite generally recognized that logged-off 
 land should be burned over at such time and 
 under such condition that the fire be kept under 
 control. 
 
 The Time to Burn. 
 
 There is considerable difference of opinion 
 regarding the most desirable time to burn. On 
 the one hand, the timbermen, who look largely 
 to the protection of the standing timber, gener- 
 ally favor burning about the first of October 
 
 or during May, i. e., at a time when fire will 
 not run in the standing timber. While burn- 
 ing during the late fall or spring will afford 
 considerable protection from forest fires, it is 
 also well understood that it is very seldom that 
 a thorough, complete burn is secured. On the 
 other hand, those who intend to clear the land 
 or improve it for pasture purposes almost uni- 
 versally favor burning during the last of August 
 or early in September, that is, just before the fall 
 rains begin. At this season of the year every- 
 thing is dry, and the fire consumes the greatest 
 possible amount of the coarse material. The fire 
 also runs in the fine material which lies on the 
 surface of the ground, burns over the greatest 
 possible area, and leaves a bed of ashes in which 
 the grass seed may be sown. 
 
 If the land is burned over during the dry 
 season it is necessary to comply with the state 
 fire law and to use much greater precautions 
 foi keeping the fire under control. Where the 
 land is to be seeded to grass and used for pas- 
 ture for a number of years, we firmly believe 
 it will pay to do this. 
 
 Preparing for the Burn. 
 
 In order to get the greatest amount of pas- 
 turage from logged-off land it is sometimes 
 necessary to do considerable work befor-e th"? 
 burn takes place. While evergreens may be 
 slashed any time during the year, deciduous 
 trees and saplings should be cut in the lite 
 spring or early summer, when the leaves are 
 out and the sap is flowing. If cut at this season 
 of the year the roots, it is claimed, will die better 
 and the leaves will dry and make a hot fire. 
 The slashing should be done early enough to 
 give the material cut time enough to dry. In 
 order to get the material cut to lie closely to- 
 gether and make the hottest fire, it should all 
 be felled in the same direction as nearly as pos- 
 sible. Cutting the large limbs from the tree 
 tops left by the loggers will also aid in getting 
 a complete burn. If the large and partly de- 
 cayed logs are bored and split with a small 
 amount of powder and allowed to dry for sev- 
 eral weeks, they will be more nearly consumed 
 by the fire. To guard against the fire being 
 carried by the wind the old dead trees and snags 
 should be cut down. While this preparation for 
 
 14 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 the burn is necessary in order to get the greatest 
 amount of feed from the pasture, some men 
 claim it will not pay to do any slashing between 
 the cessation of loggmg and the time of the 
 burn. This is a matter that must be decided 
 by each individual. 
 
 Since the land to be burned over is to be used 
 for pasture, it will " be necessary to fence it. 
 If a fence row 1 or 12 feet wide is cleared 
 around the margin of the area to be burned 
 it will greatly help m controlhng the fire. It 
 will also make it much easier to keep the fence 
 in repair, for a horse can then be ridden entirely 
 around the pasture. As a further precaution 
 several barrels of water may be hauled and 
 placed at the most dangerous points. 
 
 Time to Set the Fire. 
 
 The wind is usually highest from 10 A. M. 
 to 5 P. M. The safest time to start the fire, 
 therefore, is in the late afternoon or after the 
 sun has gone down. It is safest to back fire, 
 that is, start the fire on the side toward which 
 the wind is likely to blow, forcing it to burn 
 against the wind. 
 
 If logged-off land is burned over as indi- 
 cated above — just before the fall rains begin — 
 the ground is usually left in good condition for 
 seeding. If the burns take place during Octo- 
 ber or in the late spring, the fine trash on the 
 surface of the ground is usually too wet to burn 
 sufficiently to give a good stand of grass. The 
 surface of the ground must be completely burned 
 over and covered with ashes in order for the 
 seed to germinate well. 
 
 Pasture Mixtures. 
 
 Since the stumps and unburned tree tops in 
 most instances will remain on the land for sev- 
 eral years, there will be but little opportunity 
 to renew the stand of grass. For this reason 
 the pasture will usually be permanent and great 
 care should be exercised in selecting plants for 
 the pasture mixture. The ground will either 
 be occupied by the grasses sown or by weeds. 
 It is evident, then, that a part of the mixture 
 should consist of plants which germinate easily, 
 make a quick growth, and which will occupy 
 the ground immediately. Since the pasture is 
 to be used for many years without renewing, it 
 
 is also essential that the mixture contain plants 
 which will last a long time, stand tramping and 
 close cropping, and which will make as much 
 growth as possible 
 
 The plants which make up the pasture mix- 
 ture should be determined ( 1 ) by the condition 
 of the soil, whether it is low and wet or whether 
 it is well drained upland, and (2) by the life 
 of the pasture, whether it is to be permanent or 
 temporary. If the land is to be used for pasture 
 for only a few years and then cleared and put 
 into cultivation, the seed of plants which germi- 
 nate well and which produce abundantly from 
 the beginning should be sown. If, on the other 
 hand, the land is to be used for pasture indef- 
 initely, with the stumps and tree tops remaining 
 on the land, the mixture should contain both 
 quick growing and hardy, long-lived plants. 
 The following mixtures are suggested: 
 
 I . Mixture for Wet Land — 
 
 Italian rye grass 8 lbs. per acre 
 
 Red top 5 lbs. per acre 
 
 Timothy 3 lbs. per acre 
 
 Alsike clover 3 lbs. per acre 
 
 White clover 1 lb. per acre 
 
 Since Italian rye grass, timothy and alsike 
 clover are all quick growing plants, they will 
 form the principal forage for the first few years. 
 If not reseeded alsike clover will disappear in 
 three or four years and the timothy will gradu- 
 ally become thinner. Red Top, white clover 
 and Italian rye grass will eventually form the 
 chief herbage. 
 
 2. Mixture for Moist Land — 
 
 Italian rye grass 6 lbs. per acre 
 
 Orchard grass 4 lbs. per acre 
 
 Kentucky Blue Grass 2 lbs. per acre 
 
 Timothy 2 lbs. per acre 
 
 Red clover 4 lbs. per acre 
 
 White clover I lb. per acre 
 
 In this mixture Italian rye grass, timothy, 
 and red clover furnish the bulk of the feed for 
 a few years, after which the timothy and red 
 clover will disappear. Orchard grass, Ken- 
 tucky Blue Grass and white clover will grad- 
 ually gain possession of the land and furnish 
 the larger part of the forage. 
 
 15 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 3. Permanent Mixture for Upland — 
 
 Italian rye grass 8 lbs. per acre 
 
 Orchard grass 6 lbs. per acre 
 
 Kentucky Blue Grass 4 lbs. per acre 
 
 Red clover 4 lbs. per acre 
 
 White clover I lb. per acre 
 
 This mixture is intended for land that will 
 be used for pasture for many years without 
 improving the land very much. Red clover 
 and Italian rye grass are the quick, rapid grow- 
 ers of this mixture, while Orchard grass, Ken- 
 tucky blue grass and white clover are the en- 
 during, long-lived plants. Italian rye grass will 
 last well also. White clover and Kentucky 
 blue grass will form a good turf that will stand 
 much tramping and close cropping. Red clover 
 will soon disappear and for this reason many 
 would omit it from the mixture. White 
 clover will usually come of its own accord in a 
 few years and many who have had experience 
 with logged-off pasture land think it unnecessary 
 to add it to the mixture. The importance of 
 having a clover well distributed over the pas- 
 ture, we think, justifies sewing a small amount 
 of white clover seed. 
 
 4. Temporary Mixture for Upland — 
 
 Italian rye grass 8 lbs. per acre 
 
 Timothy 3 lbs. per acre 
 
 Orchard grass 8 lbs. per acre 
 
 Red clover 5 lbs. per acre 
 
 White clover 1 lb. per acre 
 
 This mixture is intended for land that will be 
 pastured with Angora goats for a few years 
 to kill the brush before the land is cleared. 
 Since it will require from 4 to 6 years to de- 
 stroy the brush and rot the roots enough to per- 
 mit plowing the land, it is necessary to place 
 orchard grass and white clover in the mixture, 
 for the timothy and red clover will ma'ie but 
 little feed after two or three years. 
 
 Opinions differ considerably amorr men who 
 have had experience in seeding burned over 
 logged-off land as to the amount and kind of 
 seed to sow. Some hold that more feed will 
 be produced if the stand is comparatively thin, 
 so that the plants will have plenty of room to 
 stool and root deeply. Others believe in using 
 a liberal amount of seed because it is sown on 
 
 the surface of the ground with no chance to 
 cover it. Of the grasses here recommended 
 Italian rye grass and orchard grass are very 
 popular with those who have tried them. Dr. 
 D. F. Francis, manager of the Chehalis River 
 Lumber Company, has been seeding logged-off 
 land for 8 years. He has tested most of the 
 common grasses and clovers and now has 1 700 
 acres seeded. He now recommends Italian rye 
 grass, orchard grass, and white clover of the 
 uplands and Italian rye grass, red top, and 
 white clover for the wet lands. 
 
 WHEN TO SOW THE SEED. 
 
 When to sow the seed will depend upon the 
 time the land is burned over. If the burn 
 occurs during July, August, or early in Sep- 
 tember, the seed should be sown in the early 
 fall before the ashes have been settled by the 
 rains. If sown in the unsettled ashes, the first 
 rains that come will then cover the seed suffi- 
 ciently to insure good germination. 
 
 If the burn occurs so late in the fall that 
 the seed can not be sown until during Octo- 
 ber, it will usually be best to sow the true 
 grasses then and wait until in February or 
 March to sow the clovers. The heaving of the 
 soil during the late fall and winter, a condi- 
 tion caused by the alternate freezing and thaw- 
 ing, often destroys young clover unless it is sown 
 early enough in the fall to get a good start. 
 If the fall sown clover is destroyed in this 
 way it may be resown during the early spring. 
 
 MANAGEMENT OF THE PASTURE. 
 
 Because of the difficulty of improving or re- 
 newing the stand of grass, logged-off pastures 
 should be so carefully managed that they will 
 remain in a high state of productiveness for 
 many years. The pasture should not be closely 
 grazed for at least two reasons. In the first 
 place stock does poorly when the feed becomes 
 scarce, and unless thrifty, stock is seldom 
 profitable. In the second place, close grazing 
 materially lessens the amount of feed produced 
 and shcrtens the life of the pasture. Our pasture 
 plants must be allowed to produce a considerable 
 quantity of green leaves if they are to be strong 
 
 16 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 and vigorous. Pastures should be allowed to 
 get a good start before the stock is turned in. 
 Especially is this true if the pasture is new. Land 
 that is sown in the early fall usually is not in 
 good condition to be grazed until late the follow- 
 ing spring. 
 
 Experience has thoroughly demonstrated that 
 pastures are most successfully managed when 
 well fenced and divided into a number of sub- 
 divisions. This makes it possible to restrict the 
 stock to any enclosure and to change them from 
 one pasture to another as the feed becomes 
 plentiful or scarce. By changing the stock in 
 this way, the grass has a chance to become re- 
 newed in vigor, growth and freshness. 
 
 While the climate of Western Oregon and 
 Western Washington is especially adapted to 
 
 during the autumn months. In the late fall, the 
 stock is turned in to feed upon this growth 
 during the winter. This necessitates the sub- 
 division of the pasture. 
 
 THE KIND OF STOCK TO PASTURE. 
 
 There are two important problems which 
 must be taken into consideration in using logged- 
 off land for pasture purposes. The first of 
 these is the strong tendency of the underbrush, 
 briars and weeds to occupy the ground and 
 crowd out the pasture plants. The second is 
 the difficulty of maintaining the pasture in a 
 productive condition where the stumps and so 
 much timber are to remain on the land. In 
 deciding the kind of stock to be pastured, these 
 two problems should be carefully considered. 
 
 Fig. I . — The merchantable timber was removed from 
 the land on each side of the fence in this figure 
 durmg 1902. In the fall of 1903 the land was 
 burned over. Orchard grass was sown m the ashes 
 on the right side of the fence, but not on the left. 
 Smce the spring of 1904 the land to the right of the 
 fence has been pastured with Angora goats, cattle 
 and horses. From a glance at the picture it will 
 be seen that the cost of clearing the land that has 
 bean pastured would be much less than the cost of 
 clearing that which has not been pastured. 
 
 the growth of pasture plants and while much 
 winter grazing may be done, stockmen must 
 count on doing considerable winter feeding. The 
 necessity of this, however, may be greatly re- 
 duced by providing good winter pasture. This 
 is done by removing the stock early in the sum- 
 mer and allowing the pasture to produce the 
 greatest possible amount of leaves and stems 
 
 Fig. 2. — The land on each side of the fence in this 
 figure was logged over in 1895. A second growth 
 of young trees and brush was permitted to spring 
 up during the next years. The second growth on 
 the left of the fence was slashed (cut down) in 
 the spring of 1903. During the following Septem- 
 ber the slashing was burned and 10 pounds of 
 orchard grass seed per acre was sown in the ashes. 
 Since the spring of 1904 the pasture has been grazed 
 with Angora goats, cattle and horses. The under- 
 brush and young trees on the right of the fence 
 represent a growth of 1 5 years. It will be clearly 
 seen that the land on the left of the fence, which 
 has been used for pasture for 7 years, can be cleared 
 and brought under cultivation much cheaper than 
 that on the right of the fence. 
 
 The first of these problems may be met sat- 
 isfactorily by. the use of Angora goats. By 
 nature, these animals are browsers. They eat 
 very little grass unless compelled to do so. They 
 
 17 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTJ^WEST 
 
 thrive on weeds and the leaves, buds, twigs and 
 bark of brush, a class of vegetation that other 
 domestic animals rarely eat. By their use the 
 underbrush may be either held under control or 
 completely destroyed. 
 
 If the primary object of pasturing Angora 
 goats on logged-off land is to kill the brush, 
 thereby lessening the cost of clearing the land 
 very materially, they are confined to certain 
 areas until the brush is destroyed. This will 
 require from 2 to 5 years, depending upon the 
 kind of brush to be killed and how closely it 
 is kept browsed. After the brush is destroyed, 
 it requires 2 or 3 years more for the roots to rot 
 
 that the brush may not be browsed closely 
 enough to be destroyed. If provided with suit- 
 able shelter and a good winter brush pasture, 
 that is, a pasture that was not used during the 
 previous season. Angora goats require very little 
 other feed during the winter. Proper shelter, 
 care and good feed during the severest weather, 
 however, will keep them more thrifty and in- 
 crease the quantity of mohair produced. 
 
 The second problem, that of maintaining the 
 pasture in a productive condition, must be 
 largely met by carefully guarding against over 
 grazing and by pasturing the kind of stock that 
 is least severe on the stand of grass. Properly 
 
 Fig. 4. — An excellent stand of grais amongst the stumps 
 and logs. This land was burned over during the 
 summer of 1909 and seeded in the fall of 1909. The 
 grass in the foreground is mostly Italian rye grass. 
 
 Fig. 3. — A good bed of ashes in which to sow grass 
 seed; the result of slashing and burning a growth 
 of brush 20 years old. The second growth is shown 
 at the right. 
 
 sufficiently for the land to be plowed. In order 
 to destroy brush uniformily with Angora goats, 
 it is often necessary to cut the saplings that are 
 too large to be bent over or ridden down by the 
 goats, for all of the leaves and twigs must be 
 within their reach. After the brush has been 
 killed, it IS very probable that other kinds of 
 stock will be found more prohtable than Angora 
 goats. 
 
 In some instances Angora goats will be pas- 
 tured solely for the mohair produced and the 
 increase of the herd. When this is the primary 
 object instead of clearing the land of the brush, 
 it will be desirable to keep the pasture in the 
 best possible condition for goats. In order to 
 do this, they are rotated from pasture to pasture 
 
 managed, the Angora goat meets this problem 
 perhaps the best of any of our domestic animals. 
 If the pasture is so handled that the brush will 
 be held under control instead of being killed, 
 the land may be used as a goat pasture almost 
 indefinitely. 
 
 When the land is burned over and seeded as 
 previously indicated, there will usually be a 
 great deal more grass and clover produced than 
 goats will consume in connection with their 
 browsing. Some other kind of stock may profit- 
 ably be run with goats to consume this surplus 
 feed. That both sheep and horses are more 
 severe on pasture than cattle is well known. For 
 this reason, the latter is the more satisfactory 
 class of stock to pasture with Angora goats on 
 
 18 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 Scene on "Goat Heaven Farm, Spangle, Wash. 
 
 logged-off land. The rapidity with which the 
 population of the Pacific Northwest has increased 
 during the last decade has built up a strong de- 
 
 mand for both beef and dairy products, espec- 
 ially the latter. A statement from the State 
 Dairy and Food Commissioner shows that the 
 State of Washington is importing approximately 
 $7,000,000 worth of dairy products annually. 
 In addition to the shortage in dairy products in 
 both Oregon and Washington, there is a cor- 
 responding shortage in good dairy cows. There 
 are few localities in the world wtiere dairy cows 
 and dairy products can be produced so cheaply 
 as Western Oregon and Western Washington. 
 The moist, mild climate of this region makes 
 it possible to graze cattle during the greater 
 portion of the year and there is no reason why 
 logged-off land can not be used successfully in 
 this way. 
 
 Mohair Industry 
 
 By U. S. Grant, President National Mohair Growers' Association. 
 Paper Read at First Annual Convention of Northwest Angora Goat Association. 
 
 grower must work for the points that the manu- 
 facturer sets forth as imperative, for if the 
 mohair is unfit for manufacturing purposes, it is 
 obvious that the grower will be the loser as well 
 as the manufacturer; so the relationship between 
 the grower and the manufacturer is very close ; 
 in fact their interests, for the most part, are 
 identical. 
 
 In the first place there are several important 
 characteristics that the manufacturer must insist 
 upon. What he is most pleased to receive in 
 mohair is soft, delicate curly hair. We see so 
 little of this nowadays that it is almost a curios- 
 ity ; and because of its scarcity and a constant 
 call for it, the price paid will always be high. 
 I will quote a prominent manufacturer of mohair 
 goods, who says, "First of all, we want fine 
 mohair ; mohair that will spin to fine yarns. The 
 demand for low mohair is uncertain and the 
 market is fluctuating; for this reason the price 
 can never hold good. A large proportion of 
 the mohair handled is low and coarse and such 
 grades go for cheap and rough goods; a certain 
 amount of the low mohair is needed, but for the 
 In order to produce the best mohair and to most part the manufacturer wants you to raise 
 receive the highest possible prices, the mohair the standard; if you do but know it, fineness 
 
 19 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 is more desirable than weight. One of the chief 
 features of mohair is its high lustre and because 
 it is usually absent in wool it becomes peculiar 
 to mohair. We claim our mohair goods to be 
 bright and lustrous and even call them 'Bril- 
 liantines.' Mohair that is dull and dead to the 
 eye is greatly decreased in value. Mohair is 
 known as being the most lustrous fiber of any 
 animal material grown, and in fact is notorious 
 that it loses none of its 'shine' as it goes through 
 the various processes of manufacture. 
 
 "Any amount of scouring, drying, singeing 
 and dyeing has no effect on the lustre of the 
 mohair fiber. Plushes, used for furniture and 
 portieres, which undergo exceedingly vigorous 
 treatment, are placed on the market with the 
 same brilliant gloss that the breeder delights in 
 seeing on the backs of his animals. 
 
 "You have heard about the subject of kemp 
 until you are doubtless tired of it. Neverthe- 
 less, it IS too vitally important to omit in any 
 treatise on mohair or the Angora goat. Perhaps 
 the most serious draw-back to mohair is the 
 persistent presence of kemp; and mohair growers 
 should never cease their efforts to eliminate it. 
 Why is it not desirable? Mohair dyes do not 
 act on kemp and neither do dyes prepared for 
 kemp have any effect on the mohair fiber. For 
 example, when mohair plushes are dyed, the 
 kempy substance, however little or much there 
 may have been, shows up clearly in tiny white 
 streaks on the face of the dyed goods. In the 
 mills there are two distinct processes for the 
 purpose of extracting kemp; expert mohair 
 sorters who work by hand, and the combing 
 process which takes out as much as possible of 
 what is left. Some kemp, however, flies off the 
 bobbin in the spinning, though this proportion is 
 small. In sorting mohair, every man watches 
 for the kempy portions which generally occur at 
 the base of the staple, and can best be seen on 
 the wrong side of the fleece. All this is thrown 
 into a basket by itself (it is impossible to pre- 
 vent some good mohair from going with it) 
 and IS considered waste, though it sometimes 
 goes for the manufacture of carpets and cheap 
 rugs. combs. The gill boxes serve to straighten out 
 
 "After the mohair is scoured and dried, it is the fibers in parallel position while the combing 
 put through what they call gill boxes and the does much the same work, together with the 
 
 Long Mohair. 
 
 [Courtesy Oregon Agriculturist 
 
 20 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 fascinating process of extracting the noil (the 
 short and waste). The gears on the combs are 
 set with respect to the amount or length of noil 
 to be taken out. Since, fortunately, there are 
 more short, kempy fibers than long ones, many 
 of these fibers are carried along with the noil 
 and are disposed pf as waste. So it is plainly 
 seen that the more kemp we find, the more ex- 
 pense and trouble it causes. \Ve feel that the 
 greatest responsibility in this matter rests with 
 the breeders, and the growers of mohair. The 
 less kemp, the more you get for your mohair. 
 
 "You have all learned that short mohair is 
 not in active demand today in the manufacturing 
 market. There have been seasons, however, 
 when short hair was used and was bringing good 
 prices ; the grower must be reconciled to the 
 caprices in fashions ; short mohair brings not 
 even the price proportionate to the price of long 
 mohair, as the market dictates today. It is too 
 bitty to comb and must go for the same cheap 
 prices and purposes for which the noils go. 
 
 "There is one mohair industry that the gen- 
 eral public knows very little about and that is the 
 manufacture of wigs, known as human hair 
 goods, for both ladies and gentlemen. It is safe 
 to say that ninety-nine percent of all false hair 
 is made of mohair. Mohair that is suitable for 
 wig making, brings from $2.00 to $15.00 per 
 pound. 
 
 "In conclusion, just a few words in relation 
 
 to the National Mohair Growers' Association 
 which was organized at San Antonio, Texas, 
 November, 1 909 ; this is what we are now able 
 to offer the mohair growers of the United States: 
 Complete up-to-date warehouse facilities for stor- 
 ing, sorting, grading and marketing the mohair; 
 expert graders and salesmen have charge of the 
 warehouses ; money to advance every shipper 
 who desires it — 75 per cent cash on conservative 
 market values when received, with 6 per cent 
 interest. All mill credits guaranteed to the 
 Association ; all to be done by our bonded 
 agents in Boston under the supervision of our 
 selling committee, so that every member is fully 
 protected. 
 
 "Join the National Mohair Growers' Associa- 
 tion and become identified with an association of 
 mohair growers organized and managed by and 
 for the benefit and protection of Schedule 'K.' 
 As long as it is within the power of the mills 
 to make prices, it is safe to say they will continue 
 to be low; all that we want is a fair deal, we 
 feel entitled to the protection intended by the 
 tariff, even higher than Schedule 'K.' 
 
 "It is, therefore, the purpose of the American 
 Angora Goat Breeders and National Mohair 
 Growers' Associations to further plans designed 
 to improve the marketing conditions for all 
 Angora products and our influence is being felt 
 with increasing strength. " 
 
 Extrads from Address 
 
 Of D. O. Lively, Vice-President and Manager Union Stock Yards, Portland, Oregon, 
 At Angora Goat Association Convention, January 6, 1911. 
 
 Your indefatigable secretary has asked me 
 to say a few words about the market for goats 
 at North Portland. He has not confined me 
 to that topic, but has suggested that I might 
 also state what I know about the use of goats 
 for clearing cut-over lands in the timber section 
 of the Pacific Northwest. The experience of 
 owners is of more value than anything I could 
 say along this line, and I may say, that Mr. 
 
 Byron L. Hunter, who represents the Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture, is preparing a bulletin which 
 will go into every phase of the utilization of cut- 
 over lands. Every breeder of Angora goats 
 should have a copy of this bulletin when it ap- 
 pears, and Mr. Hunter, who is pres ent, will 
 advise you about when and how it can be 
 secured. 
 
 The market for goat meat is limited under 
 
 21 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 ^-^..^ 
 
 D. O. Lively. 
 
 that name, but under the title of lamb chops, 
 saddles of mutton and lamb stew, there mas- 
 querades to the delight of the consumers, younger 
 members of the goat family. There is no reason 
 why this should be so, except in the lack of in- 
 formation the general public has as to the 
 delicacy and tastefulness of the meat of kids. 
 Down m Louisiana and Texas, the rice 
 farmers, in order to create a demand for their 
 product have mstituted "Rice Day" throughout 
 the United States, and on that day every hotel, 
 dining car and restaurant in the United States 
 is asked to include rice in the menu. In Cali- 
 fornia they have "Raisin Day" and I suggest 
 to the members of this association that they will 
 provide a fund to be used by the secretary in 
 promoting the consumption of goat meat. If 
 this IS done, instead of securing 2|/2 cents 
 per pound for your live animals for meat pur- 
 poses, you can sell them along side the best 
 lambs and get two and one-half to three times 
 what is now offered. 
 
 Clearing Land Cheaply 
 
 Finding ourselves in possession of a large 
 tract of Yakima River bottom land covered 
 for the most part with brushy thickets almost im- 
 penetrable, and finding the cost of clearing, grub- 
 bing and plowing this to be about $40 per acre, 
 we were forced to some slower and cheaper 
 method of clearing and improving it. We are 
 yet in the process, writes J. Hanks, of Ellens- 
 burg, Wash., in Breeders' Gazette. 
 
 We bought a small band of sheep and a few 
 head of pure-bred Angoras for the purpose of 
 cleaning out the undergrowth of rose briar, buck 
 brush, service berry, thorn, wild cherry, currant 
 and sprouts of willow. Sheep could do no good 
 in producing wool, mutton and lambs on these 
 rations, and required pasture additional, but the 
 goats are perfectly at home contented and pros- 
 perous on this diet. 
 
 We have now had three years of experience 
 with them and pronounce them the most econom- 
 ical and effective remedy for such a situation as 
 described. Their increase and fleeces have paid 
 well. We have not lost one from disease or 
 
 sickness of any sort ; have had money enough 
 from prizes, sale of bucks and fleeces to pay all 
 first costs, including bucks purchased for breed- 
 ing, and our flock is three times the original 
 number at present. The brush is a little hard 
 on their fleeces but it is good for the goats and 
 the brush too. 
 
 They hold down the sprouts and the ever- 
 lasting browsing winter and summer kills them 
 off. We feed in winter alfalfa hay and grain 
 and at kidding time a little grain. They are 
 good leaders for the sheep both outward and 
 homeward bound. They never have shown any 
 disposition to be ugly toward the small children, 
 but now and then give the dogs a gentle re- 
 minder and fight quite a little among themselves 
 when closely confined. They are quite sociable 
 in their work afield, half a dozen combining to 
 ride down and strip some conifer or willow. 
 Their enterprise is remarkable. Always they 
 are on the move and in the direction of least 
 resistance and largest prospect for feed. Our 
 six-wire fences, three-board panel and wire, and 
 
 22 
 
TF'E ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 woven wire all restrain them, but the panel and 
 wire is best, as they never force their heads 
 through as with the meshes of a woven fence. 
 1 he rigid boards are better than yielding wire of 
 any kind. 
 
 We do not worship them. At times we think 
 — ^yes, speak — in ^ no way complimentary to 
 them when they mount to the top of a hay stack, 
 stand on their hind feet and eat the horses' 
 grain from the boxes or scale the wood ricks. 
 But for brush clearmg and rescuing waste places, 
 paying an income the while, they have exceeded 
 our expectations. Our climate has dry winds, 
 cold but bracing. There is abundant pure run- 
 ning water from the mountains the year round, 
 and they thrive. 
 
 R. G." writing to the Breeders' Gazette, 
 February 23, 1910, says: 
 
 Having in 1907 made inquiry as to the value 
 of Angora goats as scavengers and not being 
 able to find them near home, I went to Texas 
 and found a flock of 800 wethers. I bought 
 and shipped in April. 
 
 During the summer the goats cleaned up 
 about 400 acres. Much of this land had been 
 burned and chopped over and was covered by 
 a dense growth indigenous to this soil. In it 
 
 one could not have seen a cow four rods away. 
 By fall a rabbit could not find hiding except 
 under rock or logs. In one of the pastures were 
 20 acres of meadow across which they traveled 
 each day in going from one wood to the other, 
 and except for the trails one would scarcely 
 suspect it was pastured until late in the season, 
 when they were compelled to eat it for feed. 
 On getting the goats back I do not like to dwell. 
 Fortunately there was a large patch of sumach 
 in the valley and when the 800 hungry goats 
 struck it you should have seen them eat! If 
 there is one thing that a goat likes better than 
 an orchard it is a nice bunch of sumachs and 
 they will take bark and all. The first places 
 they cleared were the rocky points ; they would 
 stand on the edge of overhanging cliffs where 
 there were sheer drops of I 00', reach out and 
 bend limbs and strip every bush and bough 
 within reach. Not until they had cleared every- 
 thing would they feed on the lower lands. 
 
 While goats have their choice of feed they 
 will eat every kind of tree or shrub excepting 
 shellbark hickory and all weeds but May apple. 
 They seldom bark any of the forest trees that 
 are over 3" or 4" in diameter, slippery or red 
 elm excepted. They will bark these even if 
 3' through and dig in the ground for the roots. 
 
 23 
 
Mohair and A^ngoras 
 
 By Wm. Riddells, Monmouth, Ore. 
 
 Wm. Riddells. 
 
 As shearing time is approaching again we 
 think a few words in regard to the proper hand- 
 ling of the mohair would be timely as a large 
 part of the Oregon clip will likely be pooled in 
 the usual way and clipped and packed in sacks in 
 any old kind of weather, rain or shine, as suits 
 the convenience of shearer or owner. 
 
 But to the careful and painstaking breeder 
 who handles both his flock and output of mohair 
 in the most progressive and up-to-date way, we 
 can predict a period of good average prices, 
 there being more mohair used as its merit be- 
 comes more widely known. The strength and 
 elasticity and fine spinning qualities of mohair 
 will always make its position sure in the textile 
 world. This is a splendid time now for goat- 
 men to improve their flocks, when goats are at 
 bedrock prices. Let them cull out all old wethers 
 and does that shear a light fleece of inferior 
 quality and sell them on the market for Angora 
 mutton. When the packing plant at Portland 
 starts operations they will likely buy goat meat, 
 as it will be the equal to any kind of meat for 
 packing. 
 
 By a systematic method of selecting out the 
 culls the standard of our mohair in Oregon could 
 be increased 50 per cent in one season and we 
 
 would soon be getting double the prices which 
 we now receive (some of the progressive breeders 
 have been getting 38 and 40 cents, while the 
 open market or pool price has been 24 cents), 
 which all goes to show what a little lack of 
 push and enterprise loses the goatmen of this 
 state. 
 
 Another source of loss that is overlooked 
 among the goatmen is in the shearing capacity 
 of the animals, many also making the mistake 
 of thinking that to have a gooci heavy shearing 
 the animal must necessarily have a coarse fleece. 
 A dense fleece of fine fiber will always outshear 
 a long thin coarse fleece, there being three and 
 four times as many hairs in the dense fleece. 
 Here is where good judgment in the selection 
 of bucks comes in, many buyers overlook the 
 fleece and will go on a foretop. It seems to be 
 an indisputable fact that a coarse haired buck 
 or doe will carry a more beautiful foretop than 
 a fine haired animal, the latter being denser and 
 shorter is more woolly and has more of a tend- 
 ency to shed. An Angora that shows a good, 
 dense and heavy growth with a dark fleece show- 
 ing the yoke is undeniably the kind of Angora 
 for this wet country and especially so when we 
 have a comet to contend with. It will be the 
 wise thing not to begin shearing too early this 
 season as the goats will carry their fleeces longer 
 than usual and will most likely need them for 
 some time yet for protection from cold and rain. 
 
 The long mohair business is also something 
 that is going to be worth some breeder's atten- 
 tion and time, one good shearing animal will 
 bring in from $75 to $100 for an 18 months' 
 growth of hair. So if a man has 20 goats that 
 will carry their fleece it can easily be seen how 
 he can make some easy money. The main 
 trouble is evidently to get the goats that will 
 carry their fleeces. There are, however, a few 
 in this state among the best breeders' flocks, 
 and there will always be more as they are bred 
 higher and the South African blood becomes 
 more prominent in our flocks. 
 
 24 
 
Moh 
 
 air 
 
 From a Manufacturer's Standpoint. 
 
 Read Before the First Annual Convention of Northwest Angora Goat Association. 
 By John E. Young, Treasurer and Manager of the Multnomah Mohair Mills. 
 
 The successful development of the manufac- 
 turing end of the mohair industry depends in 
 the first place very largely on the grower. The 
 manufacturer begins with what is the growers' 
 finished product. At its best it is not a product 
 that is easily handled. The difficulties that 
 arise in the processes of manufacture are from 
 the peculiar nature of the mohair fiber, very 
 different from, and not quite so easily over- 
 come, as those associated with most other textile 
 fibers. When, to these natural difficulties are 
 added those following the receipt of an imper- 
 fect product from the grower, you will under- 
 stand that the manufacturer's task is not an 
 easy one, and sympathize with him in his anxiety 
 to receive the product from the grower's hands 
 in as perfect a condition as possible. 
 
 There was a time when there was a strong 
 tendency amongst the wool growers, and per- 
 haps the tendency hasn't altogether disappeared 
 yet, to label their product simply as wool. 
 Perhaps they didn't add to the label — "just 
 as good as anybody's," but they invariably 
 thought so, and any suggestion that it might not 
 be quite as good as their neighbor's, was an in- 
 vitation to trouble. Lest there may be some 
 tendency along that line, even amongst the more 
 progressive element that has gone in mohair, I 
 would like to point out now that from the manu- 
 facturer's standpoint there may be a very great 
 difference between your product and that of 
 your neighbor. 
 
 Of course, in all clips, there are some faults 
 that are more or less present and in some clips 
 all the faults are somewhat more present than 
 less. Perhaps the simplest, most apparent, and 
 most easily overcome defect in the clip as it 
 comes to the manufacturer lies in the tying up of 
 the fleeces. Why, for that purpose, should so 
 many use sisal or hemp twine? It may sound 
 
 unreasonable, but it is nevertheless true, that 
 this alone will reduce the value of a clip 25 
 per cent, with absolutely no saving or gain to 
 the grower. There are manufacturers who 
 would not take as a gift a bag of mohair having 
 in it one fleece tied with sisal, provided they 
 had to use it themselves. The fibers from the 
 sisal get caught and mixed in such a manner 
 that it is impossible to see and remove them all, 
 and such fibers as are not removed go through 
 with the mohair, being split and separated in 
 their passage into many smaller ones. These 
 fibers are too long to be taken out by the comb, 
 and continue into the top and yarn, ultimately 
 finding their way quietly and unobtrusively in 
 the cloth. After the cloth is dyed, however, 
 they are neither quiet nor unobtrusive. They 
 stand out against the glossy black of the finished 
 goods in very apparent white streaks. The re- 
 sult is equally apparent, the value of the cloth 
 is reduced by a half, and even at that cannot 
 be easily handled in the market. Sisal will not 
 take a dye, and as it clings to the mohair it is 
 almost impossible to remove it all by any known 
 process. A very few fibers of sisal will scatter 
 through many yards of cloth. 
 
 Straw mixed with mohair will have prac- 
 tically the same results, but, fortunately straw is 
 more easily seen and picked out. If, however, 
 one straw, a few inches long, gets properly 
 started, it is a powerful instrument for evil. In 
 going through the preparers and combs it will 
 be split into a hundred shreds. These being 
 about the length of the mohair, are not combed 
 out, but go along with the yarn into the cloth 
 with the same results as in the case of sisal, 
 a fiber most as bad, if it gets into the cloth, 
 but cotton twine is not so likely to get into the 
 yarn, as it does not have the clinging qualities 
 of sisal. In any case, however, the best way is 
 
 25 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 not to tie the fleeces with anything at all, but 
 to follow the practice of the best growers, who 
 hold a fleece together by rolling it and twisting 
 the ends. 
 
 In the actual operation of clipping there is 
 generally room for a good deal of improvement. 
 Many of the fleeces are not clipped evenly, 
 quite often the same fibers have been clipped 
 twice and it is not by any means an unusual 
 thing to find tucked away in the fleece a fair 
 sized portion of the goat's hide. Now I think 
 any fair mmded man will be willing to concede 
 
 any other vegetable matter. The picking out 
 of these things in the sorting room by expert 
 graders who work by hand only, is an expensive 
 operation, and naturally this extra labor cost 
 has to be met by the grower by his getting that 
 much less for his clip. 
 
 The faults already mentioned are entirely 
 the faults of the grower, for none of them is 
 the goat in any way responsible. But there is 
 another class, which is due principally to the 
 breed of the goat, and to correct which will 
 take a longer time and some little expenditure 
 
 Dick and Holmes Imp. by Landrum, 1901. 
 
 [Courtesy Oregon AgricullurisI 
 
 that these pieces of hide will give more comfort 
 to the goat than they will profit to the manu- 
 facturer. Uneven clipping, and clipping the 
 same locks twice, results in an increased per- 
 centage of short hair that does not go through 
 the combs. All of this comes out as waste, 
 thereby lowering the value of the clip to the 
 extent of the extra loss. 
 
 Another point in this connection is that the 
 clipped fleeces should be kept in a clean place 
 where they cannot accumulate straw, hay, or 
 
 of money. Kemp is the technical name for soHd 
 or dead hair. This is probably the hardest 
 element to deal with in the process of manu- 
 facturing. Kemp will not take any dye, and, 
 as it is impossible to remove long kempy hairs, 
 they show up in the cloth as white as when on 
 the goat's back. While every animal will have 
 some kempy hairs in its fleece, a well bred 
 Angora has a comparatively small percentage 
 of them. What kemp a young, well bred goat 
 has, is likely to be short and can be removed 
 
 26 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 with the noil by combing. The short kemp 
 therefore only reduces the value of the clip by 
 the extra waste that it makes, whereas the value 
 of the clip having long, kempy hairs in it must 
 not only stand this very material reduction for 
 waste, but must also stand an additional greater 
 reduction to cover the fact that any cloth made 
 from it will have scattered through it fibers that 
 cannot be colored. Every year a goat is clipped, 
 the hair becomes coarser, and like every other 
 animal, the older it grows the more kemp or 
 dead hair it grows. Constant attention to breed- 
 ing up, getting rid of the older animals, and 
 taking care of the flock itself will soon effect a 
 radical improvement in this respect. Increased 
 luster and fineness are other very important re- 
 sults that follow from the same care and it is 
 also evident in the length, strength and evenness 
 of staple. In an ordinary fleece of twelve 
 months hair there are a great number of short 
 hairs two inches long or less which are removed 
 by the comb as waste. From one hundred 
 pounds of hair of an ordinary breed of goats, 
 forty pounds of these short hairs and kempy 
 hairs are often combed out, while from the same 
 weight of mohair from blooded stock possibly 
 only fifteen pounds are combed out or lost. This 
 illustrates a considerable saving due to length 
 and freedom from kemp produced by good 
 blood, but, if even a well bred flock has had 
 a hard time during the growth of the fleece, 
 it often shows by an uneven, weak, lusSeless 
 spot on each hair. Such a clip shows a heavy 
 loss in combing, as the hairs break at the weak 
 place and the shorter ends resulting go out as 
 waste. Outside of having as few very short 
 hairs as possible in a clip, most manufacturers 
 do not care for more than the ordinary length 
 of staple. Extremely long hair breaks in work- 
 ing, and if mixed with shorter hair prevents the 
 spinning of good, even yarn. 
 
 Heretofore, some growers have not seemed 
 to realize the great difference breed will make 
 in the returns obtained from a clip. For in- 
 
 stance, last spring we bought on the same day, 
 two clips from identically the same sized flocks. 
 One clip weighed only a little over one-half of 
 what the other did, and brought only 3 1 cents 
 per pound. The other weighed nearly twice as 
 much, brought 40 cents per pound, and from the 
 manufacturer's point of view, this was the 
 cheapest buy of the two. In this case the re- 
 turns per head were over twice as much for the 
 one flock as for the other. Breeding up the 
 flock brings a double profit to the grower — it 
 produces more weight to the goat and more 
 money per pound for the mohair. 
 
 Oregon is conceded to have one of the finest 
 climates in the world for the goat industry, the 
 cool, even summers and warm, open winters 
 allow the animal to live a normal outdoor life, 
 and added to this, the wooded, hilly slopes give 
 them their natural feeding and ranging condi- 
 tions. Without the extreme heat of the Southern 
 states, the hair can be allowed to remain for a 
 full year's growth, making less work in clipping 
 and increasing very considerably the value per 
 pound of the clip over that of the countries 
 where semi-annual clipping is necessary. The 
 value of the goat for clearing land is far 
 greater here than elsewhere, as the rank under- 
 growth of the Coast Range is very hard to keep 
 down and while growing a fleece, the goat often 
 earns good wages by his labor; wages which the 
 owner is never called upon to pay. But from 
 the various practical points which I have brought 
 before you, I think that you will realize that 
 it won't do to put it all up to the climate, to 
 the natural conditions, or to the goat itself. To 
 all of these must be added the intelligent efl^ort 
 of the grower. The result, measured by the 
 commond standard of dollars and cents, will 
 more than justify the efl^ort, and to that material 
 result will be added the satisfaction of knowing 
 that he is turning over to his successor in the 
 work a finished and as nearly as possible, a 
 perfect product. 
 
 27 
 
Regi^ered Angora Goats 
 
 By John W. Fulton, Secretary of the American Angora Goat Breeders' Association, Helena, 
 
 Montana. 
 
 It is particularly true of Angora goats that 
 "The best pay best " and the most profitable 
 flocks today are those of registered goats. 
 
 The registered Angora of the present day is 
 a vastly different anim.al from the goat com- 
 monly termed the "Angora " ten years ago. A 
 great improvement has been made in the breed 
 by the practical animal husbandmen of this 
 country who have well applied their skill in the 
 development of a better Angora. 
 
 The quality of the clip has been greatly im- 
 proved and the weight of the fleece materially 
 increased so that the return from the mohair of 
 a flock of the improved Angora of today is 
 from three to five times the value of the fleece 
 obtained from the Angora flock of ten years ago. 
 
 The American Angora Goat Breeders' Asso- 
 ciation was organized in 1 900, and has ever 
 since maintained the only pedigree registry of 
 Angora goats in the United States. The original 
 foundation flock record was established by selec- 
 tion of individual animals upon examination by 
 deputized inspectors whose selections were made 
 from the best flocks of that time in Oregon, 
 California, Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, 
 the section of the country where Angora hus- 
 bandry had even in those days received much 
 attention and where the greatest number of 
 goats were to be found. 
 
 After several years of this method of selection 
 of individual animals by inspection, the founda- 
 tion flock record was closed, and since then the 
 pedigree register has been open for the entry of 
 only worthy and meritorious animals as are 
 from registered sires and dams. 
 
 The association has assisted in no small de- 
 gree in bringing about the present favorable de- 
 velopment of the Angora in this country by its 
 annual patronage and encouragement of fully 
 fifty competitive Angora exhibits held in all parts 
 of the United States and also through the annual 
 exhibit held under its auspices at Kansas City 
 as a national competitive show — an Angora 
 
 Court of Final Appeal — where the prize winners 
 of the different states may vie for the greater 
 honors conferred by the awards of a competitive 
 exhibit that is national in its scope. 
 
 Aside from the benefits derived by ambitious 
 breeders through the opportunity afforded for 
 comparison of animals at these exhibits, the pub- 
 licity given the flocks represented in the com- 
 petitions tends to create new and increased in- 
 terest in the breed and favorable opportunity is 
 given exhibitors to demonstrate the value of 
 "Angoras of the Right Kind" on the average 
 farm whether it be in the North, South, East or 
 West. 
 
 The association membership is comprised of 
 Angora breeders of nearly every state in the 
 union and Canada as well. Eight states are 
 represented on its board of directors. 
 
 Through its publications, news items and arti- 
 cles in the farm and live stock journals, by its 
 encouragement and patronage of Angora goat 
 exhibits and in various other ways the American 
 Angora Goat Breeders' Association is promot- 
 ing greater interest in Angora husbandry through- 
 out all parts of the country and is materially 
 assisting in the development of this most promis- 
 ing American live stock industry. 
 
 The charter of the association wisely prevents 
 the organization from engaging in the strictly 
 commercial work of buying and selling goats 
 or marketing their fleece or pelts and thereby 
 enables it to possess and exercise a greater and 
 more beneficial influence as an advisory, helpful 
 and protective body. It is ever ready with its 
 co-operation to assist in the furtherance of plans 
 that will so improve the marketing of Angora 
 products as to result beneficially to American 
 Angora husbandmen. 
 
 It particularly advocates greater familiarly by 
 all Angora goat breeders with mohair market 
 conditions and prices and with the general news 
 appertaining to the industry, which can now 
 readily be had by subscription to the journals 
 
 28 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 Ivnown to have an Angora goat department in 
 their issues. Through these papers, one may 
 learn the market prices of goats, mohair and pelts 
 at any time and what is, too, of great interest to 
 American mohair growers may know the current 
 weekly quotations of mohair in Bradford, the 
 world's greatest mohair market, and thus be ad- 
 vised of the prices American mills are com- 
 pelled to pay in addition to the duty and freight 
 charges in their necessary importations to meet 
 the deficiency in our home production. 
 
 It is firmly believed a better understanding by 
 American Angora husbandmen of conditions 
 prevailing in all branches of their industry will, 
 in itself, exercise a great and most beneficial in- 
 fluence in upholding prices of Angora products 
 and in securing best results from American 
 flocks. 
 
 In bringing about a still further development 
 
 of the breed, much is expected from the small 
 flocks of registered Angoras of which an an- 
 nually increasing number is being started on 
 American farms with each succeeding year. 
 These will receive greater care and attention than 
 given the range bands of grade goats and being 
 decidedly profitable and beneficial stock on the 
 farm and as well intensely interesting and attract- 
 tive animals, they will elicit the attention and 
 skill of our animal husbandmen to a degree 
 bound to show equally as wonderful develop- 
 ment in the breed during the next ten years as 
 has been shown since the organization of the 
 American Angora Goat Breeders' Association 
 m 1900. 
 
 Again we say to all contemplating a purchase 
 of Angoras — "The Best Pay Best" — the reg- 
 istered Angora is indeed "The Kind to Buy" 
 for greatest satisfaction, benefit and gain. 
 
 Registered Angoras from Maple Springs Farm, Scio, Oregon. Exhibit at Scio Fair, 1910. 
 
 Photo b^ Alva L. McDonald] 
 
 29 
 
Angora Pelts 
 
 The Possibilities in this Branch of the Business. 
 By John W. Fuhon, Secretary American Angora Goat Breeders' Association. 
 
 That there are interesting possibihties in the 
 dead Angora as well as in the live one readily 
 becomes apparent upon learning of the many 
 serviceable articles now made from Angora 
 skins, in which manufacturers and dealers are 
 enjoying an annually increasing trade. 
 
 As the attractiveness and serviceability of 
 Angora rugs in the home become better known 
 they are bound to come into more general use. 
 They are now made in various sizes, in square, 
 rectangular and animal shape, of which the lat- 
 ter is the most popular. They are finished white, 
 black and in various other colors. Some diffi- 
 culty, however, has been experienced in satis- 
 factorily dyeing the Angora pelt black as an 
 expensive and somewhat intricate process similar 
 to that used in the dyeing of seal skin must 
 be followed to secure a fast jet black. But few 
 tanneries are prepared to apply this process sat- 
 isfactorily, though it IS reasonable to expect an 
 increased demand will eventually prompt others 
 to undertake this work. The black rugs soil 
 less easily than the white ones, though by fol- 
 lowing the directions given by an extensive man- 
 ufacturer and dealer the latter may be readily 
 and easily cleaned without damage to the skins 
 or to the linings. 
 
 Though the lining of Angora skins to be used 
 as floor rugs adds upwards of one dollar to 
 their cost, they are not only made much more 
 attractive in this way, but their serviceability 
 is, as well, increased. The lining increases the 
 size of the rug, prevents rolling or curling at 
 the edges and also prevents tearing the skin in 
 the usual snapping it receives when shaken to 
 free it from dust. 
 
 The Angora pelt acts differently from that of 
 sheep as a rug, as the hair does not mat down 
 as does wool, and furthermore, by occasional 
 shakings, the hair or fleece is readily brought 
 into its original condition, and, too, is more 
 easily freed of the particles of dust, dirt, lint. 
 
 etc., that usually accumulate on a floor mat or 
 rug. This is a peculiarity of mohair and is an 
 advantage noticeable in the various articles made 
 from the Angora skins as well as in mohair 
 fabrics. 
 
 With the passing of the King of the Prairies, 
 the buffalo robes, so common in the past, have 
 become so expensive that dealers have been 
 forced to seek a substitute. Angora skins ad- 
 mit of the best imitation, and nothing can re- 
 place the buffalo robe as satisfactorily as the 
 carriage and seligh robes now made from well- 
 selected Angora pelts. 
 
 Chaparejos, with either black or white Angora 
 fronts, are the "chaps " dear to the heart of 
 every range rider in the cattle sections of the 
 West. When made from well selected Angora 
 skins they are indeed a most serviceable and at- 
 tractive article of the rider's equipment and a 
 means of great comfort and satisfaction to him. 
 The sale of "chaps, " however, is a limited 
 one and does not offer the possibilities in con- 
 suming a large quantity of skins, and thereby 
 favorably influencing the value of Angoras fitted 
 for slaughter as do the other articles that will, 
 when popularized, appeal to a far greater number 
 of purchasers and users in all parts of the 
 country. 
 
 Robes for baby carriages made from kid skins 
 offer great possibilities in this respect, as they 
 can be made in a great variety of styles and 
 colors. One bidding fair to become very popu- 
 lar is now made with an opening or pocket ad- 
 mitting of the complete covering of the child, 
 yet providing an opening which can be folded 
 away from the face, or closed very snugly 
 around the neck if so desired. Still other arti- 
 cles that promise to enjoy general popularity 
 are the inexpensive children's and misses' furs 
 made from Angora skins into scarfs and muffs 
 that are admittedly much superior in durability 
 to Thibet and equally as attractive. 
 
 30 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 As it is well known that mohair does not soil 
 readily and is remarkably peculiar in this re- 
 spect, fear that white Angora rugs, robes and 
 furs will soon soil and become unattractive from 
 even most careful use should not be entertained. 
 Should they become soiled, they can be readily 
 
 and easily cleaned without removal from the 
 linings. The moth proof properties possessed by 
 articles made from properly tanned Angora 
 skins offer still another peculiarity in favor of 
 the eventual general popularity of these Angora 
 products. 
 
 The Intere^ of the Agricultural Press in the 
 
 Angora Industry 
 
 By C. D. Minton, Editor Oregon Agriculturist. 
 
 The Agricultural Press of this great North- 
 west has a vital interest in the Angora in- 
 dustry. 
 
 We, of the Northwest, have become ac- 
 customed to look upon the Angora as a valuable 
 adjunct to every farmer. 
 
 The reasons for this are varied and manifold. 
 When we start to the pasture to bring the 
 horses, sheep or swine to the barns we are al- 
 most invariably accompanied by a Collie dog 
 of some degree of fine Collie sense. We may 
 ask why is this? 
 
 Two reasons may be assigned. Man is a 
 creature of association or companionship; he is 
 also a creature addicted to allowing others to 
 do what he might do himself. For these two 
 reasons he owns and cares for a Collie. Com- 
 panionship and a willingness of the dog to per- 
 form labors that the owner finds irksome or 
 impossible. He says to his Collie, "bring them 
 up, Shep," and immediately Shep proceeds to 
 round up the stock and drive them to the barn 
 which if left to the labor of the men would take 
 them several hours. 
 
 So it is with the Angora. Most of us who 
 have had experience in grubbing land, and that 
 includes the speaker, can find more congenial 
 occupations and are not loath to turn this work 
 over to others. With this in view we purchase 
 a band of Angoras to eat the brush as it starts 
 to grow, to eat the sprouts that come up from 
 the stumps of trees that have been cut down. 
 
 and allow the sap to sour in the roots, hastening 
 the decay so that they will be more easily 
 burned out or taken out with a stump puller. 
 
 Again, our fields are filled with noxious 
 weeds. It is impossible to pull them, and it 
 being pasture land, we cannot plow it. The 
 Angora is again turned upon this pasture, and 
 shortly the weeds disappear owing to the desire 
 of the Angora for a coarser food than the 
 succulent grass affords. With the disappearance 
 of the weeds comes more grass for the cow, 
 which means more milk and butter, more beef 
 with no more expense and a better looking 
 farm, which means more valuable land. 
 
 With the steady growth of the country only 
 can the agricultural press prosper, and along 
 with its prosperity comes a duty that it must 
 perform in aiding the farmer to plan and ex- 
 ecute his work better, to furnisn him reliable 
 information that will tend to build for him 
 better homes and make for him, if possible, a 
 better income from the acres which he owns. 
 
 How better can he do this than to tell the 
 truth, and only the truth about this, one of 
 the most faithful and hard working friends of 
 the farmer and stock raiser. There is, perhaps, 
 no other animal on the farm that can do so 
 much for the farmer as the Angora. There 
 is no other animal that is so far reaching in 
 all branches of the farm life as this pure white 
 four footed friend. As a kid, he becomes a 
 playmate for our children. As a grownup, he 
 
 31 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 becomes an assistant to the farmer by doing his the side of our bed as we arise of a cold morn- 
 hardest drudgery, as a helpmate for the dairy- ing and place our feet upon it. 
 man he eats the weeds and allows more grass And through all this time he has been fur- 
 to grow to provide butter-fat for the creamery, nishing us with a steady income each year 
 and when he becomes old, too old to work, so from his fleece of mohair which he annually 
 
 C. D. Minton. 
 
 old in fact, that his teeth drop out, still with a 
 little extra gram ration he makes delectable 
 Angora venison and his pelt nicely tanned be- 
 comes a thing of beauty when laying upon the 
 hearthstone or an article of comfort when by 
 
 yields. All of these things the agricultural 
 press are mterested m, and many more. There 
 IS perhaps not a subject with which the press, 
 especially of the Northwest and other newer 
 centers, has to deal but what has a direct con- 
 
 32 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 nection with the Angora industry. If the 
 owner of the farm has not become a purchaser 
 of a band of Angoras, it is his loss. If the 
 press have neglected the Angora industry, they 
 have failed to impart much useful information 
 to their readers and have not come up to their 
 possibilities as agricultural papers. 
 
 The Angora is becoming more fixed with us 
 each day. Starting in with us when we start 
 to build the farm, and we say build advisedly, 
 he IS with us even to the furnishing of our 
 homes and his hair is manufactured into the 
 finest of fabrics for our wear. We predict for 
 the Angora the greatest of futures and wider 
 interest in the agricultural press. 
 
 [No industry succeeds to a great extent with- 
 out the publicity and encouragement of some 
 publication. In this regard the Oregon Agri- 
 culturist has been a potent factor in building 
 up the Angora industry. For years, under its 
 former editor, H. M. Williamson, it was prac- 
 tically the only organ of the goatmen, and 
 it is no less so today, under the present editor- 
 ship of Mr. C. D Minton, whose cut accom- 
 panies this article. The great strides that this 
 industry has made and the great popularity 
 that has come to the Angora has been at all 
 times ably assisted by this medium. 
 
 Secretary.] 
 
 Pasha Columbia 
 
 33 
 
^71 [pml (mi 
 
 (c^^(L^j ] \g^ \&Sinr\ 
 
 ^^ZllS^ 
 
 a 
 
 y 
 
 ID 
 
 In looking over the Angora field 
 in the Northwest, it is interesting to 
 notice those who have contributed 
 to the upbuilding of the industry and 
 who have been the means of placing 
 the business on the high level to 
 which it has attained. 
 
 In covering the field and in writ- 
 ing up the situation as we now find 
 it, we do not think that we can do 
 better than to interview these gentle- 
 men and have a look at their flocks. 
 These men are representative of the 
 class now found doing business here 
 and who have made a success of it. 
 
 
 
Wm. Riddells & Sons, Monmouth, Ore. 
 
 James Riddells 
 Their start in the Aneora business was in 
 
 a part of the Shaw flock originally imported to 
 Oregon by Colonel Landrum. They con- 
 tinued to use bucks of the Landrum strain in 
 this flock till the year 1902, when they got 
 possession of the Harris tlock of pure bred 
 Turkish Angoras, and began to use bucks from 
 the latter flock on their original flock. 
 
 The bucks from the Harris flock made a 
 big improvement in the kids and were used ex- 
 clusively as sires up to 1 904, when they pur- 
 chased a buck from the Hoerle importation and 
 used him and a Harris buck that year. This 
 buck, "Hobson," has proved himself to be a 
 grand sire and has undoubtedly sired more prize 
 winners than any buck ever used on this conti- 
 nent. His get are very much alike and keep 
 the crimp in their mohair till well along in 
 
 the year 1891, from a purchase they made of years, something very unusual. In 1906 they 
 
 Champion Angora Doe at the Northwest Angora Goat Show, Portland, Oregon, Jan. 4-7, 1911, belonging 
 
 to Wm. Riddells & Sons, Monmouth, Oregon. 
 
 Pbolo b\) Alva L. McDonald] 
 
 [Courtesy Oregon Agriculturist 
 
 35 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORT-HWEST 
 
 purchased another South African buck. King 
 Arthur II, the highest priced buck of the Hoerle 
 importation ($600), and used him for two 
 years with very good results. He proved him- 
 self exceptionally strong as a breeder of non- 
 shedders, but not the quality of Hobson's 
 breeding. 
 
 For the 1 909 season they bought another 
 old buck of the original Hoerle importation, 
 ''Kaffir Chief," and used him along with Prince 
 Arthur, another buck of the King Arthur strain. 
 This latter buck proved a very good sire, his 
 get having exceptionally long hair and the locks 
 being very clean and well defined. 
 
 Kaffir Chief has proved himself to be the 
 kind of a buck they have long tried to get hold 
 of, being very fine haired, and his kids having 
 mohair of that peculiar fineness and soft feel- 
 ing characteristic of the pure Turkish mohair, 
 just what the mills want. The bucks they have 
 sold have always proved themselves strong 
 
 breeders, special care being taken in selecting 
 these bucks for quality and fineness of hair and 
 freedom from kemp. 
 
 The firm of Wm, Riddells & Sons consists of 
 Wm. Riddells, Sr., and seven sons, five of whom 
 are seen in the picture on another page. To- 
 gether they operate an immense farm situated 
 a few miles west of Monmouth, Oregon, that 
 beautiful little village, the seat of the Oregon 
 State Normal School. James Riddells generally 
 takes the lead in handling the Angoras, but he 
 is ably assisted on the fair circuit — a thing they 
 never miss — by Dave and John Riddells. They 
 have won the American Angora Goat Breeders' 
 Association cup for several years at the Oregon 
 and Washington State fairs, and won the grand 
 championship at the recent Angora show held 
 in Portland. They have probably stocked more 
 farms with bucks in the Norttiwest than any 
 other breeder in the business. By a careful 
 study of type and breeding they have developed 
 
 'We know that we are having our pictures taken." 
 
 Pholo b^ Ed. Riddells 
 
 36 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 a decided "Riddells" strain, and this strain can 
 be found in every nook and cranny of this 
 great country. 
 
 The large, old fashioned but commodious 
 homestead lies back from the road somewhat, 
 but is easily seen from a distance. Visitors are 
 always made to feel at home, and one of the 
 "boys" will always be ready to show you 
 
 around and afford you an opportunity of see- 
 ing their pride, their Angoras. 
 
 They are leading members in the Northwest 
 Association. Wm. Riddells, Sr., is vice-presi- 
 dent and member of the board of directors of 
 the National Mohair Growers' Association, and 
 is one of the veteran members of the American 
 Angora Goat Breeders' Association. 
 
 n 
 
 37 
 
U. S. Grant, a Breeder of Pure Bred Reg- 
 
 i^ered Angoras 
 
 The celebrated buck "Sanford, " named after Sanford 
 Mills, at head of U. S. Grant's flock. Grand 
 Champion Eighth Annual Angora Show at Dallas. 
 
 Among the Oregon breeders who have 
 achieved a national reputation the name and 
 fame of U. S. Grant stands out prominently. 
 He has been connected with the mohair industry 
 locally and nationally ever since its inception. 
 In season and out, in dull times and in good, 
 he has preached the gospel of Angora culture, 
 and in doing so has crossed the continent many 
 times. He first began to "preach" when he 
 discovered the marvelous value there was in the 
 Angora goat as a "brush cleaner," and in that 
 section of the country where he iived (Polk 
 county) in an early day there was a super- 
 fluity of brush and undergrowth that eternally 
 and persistently hampered the settler in making 
 any headway in the hewing out process of mak- 
 ing himself a home. To look at that region 
 today one would nevtr i^uess that these smooth, 
 clean farms, set out to prune trees and all man- 
 ner of fruit, was at that time a wilderness of 
 
 brush and fern. Yet such it was, and then it 
 was that Mr. Grant began his campaign of 
 education. That he was successful and con- 
 A erted many is proven by the fact that Polk 
 count)'' today is the leading Angora county in 
 the West, in the number of Angoras and also 
 the number of pure blooded Angora breeders 
 there. 
 
 He soon recognized also that "quality" ex- 
 isted in Angoras as well as any other animal, 
 and that good mohair could be grown as cheaply 
 as poor stuff. Hence he set himself to building 
 up a strain that would be the equal of any in 
 the United .states. He succeeded and his fam- 
 ous buck "Sanford," named after Sanford 
 Mills, represented the acme of perfection in an 
 Angora goat. 
 
 "Sanford" was the champion South African 
 buck at the eighth annual Angora goat show 
 at Dallas. One of his get was the champion 
 
 38 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 of the ninth annual show. Sanford is noted for 
 his luster and freeness from kemp. Also for the 
 size of his offspring. The entire flock, how- 
 ever, is strong in South African blood. 
 
 He makes it a rule to keep nothing but regis- 
 tered stock, and by sending a guarantee out 
 with every buck sold he has established a repu- 
 tation second to none in America. He has 
 shipped a large number of animals east, south 
 and north, and his operations on the west have 
 only been checked by the obstinacy of the roll- 
 ing Pacific. 
 
 Only recently he shipped a number to Mr. 
 H. G. Hunter of Moreland Stock tarm, Han- 
 
 over county, Virginia. They were entered in 
 every class they could compete in at the Vir- 
 ginia State fair and won first in everything they 
 were entered in, besides both championships and 
 reserve champions. 
 
 Mr. Grant was a leading factor in organ- 
 izmg the National Mohair Growers' Associa- 
 tion, which has a membership of over 500 in 
 the United States. He is one of the selling 
 committee, a member of the board of directors, 
 and president of the association, and a self- 
 appointed member of a committee of one to 
 look after and euard the monair business. 
 
 A. M. Gray 
 
 An Amateur with Professional Ability as a Showman. 
 
 The recent show was the first show for Mr. 
 Gray, and he stated afterwards that he had 
 hsd some hesitancy in making his bow to the 
 public as an exhibitor. However, after ll.e ice 
 was broken he found that he had done well. 
 The experience of Mr. Gray should be an in- 
 centive to others who are in the Angora busi- 
 ness to take a little more interest in exhibits. 
 
 The ease with which this flock won shows the 
 splendid opportunity for success in Angora cul- 
 ture in this country, as fully evidenced in the 
 various accounts of conditions recounted m an- 
 other part of this booklet. Mr. Gray has been 
 in the business for a number of years, but did 
 not take up the registered stock end of business 
 until recently, as compared with some of the 
 veteran breeders. He started right, however, 
 by getting some of the best bucks that could be 
 obtained, and by intelligent breeding and strict 
 attention to detail he has produced a flock that 
 in the recent show got into the winnings twice 
 and won the special cup offered by the Pacific 
 Homestead for best Angora goat exhibited by 
 an amateur. 
 
 Mr. Gray lives up the St. Marys River 
 about three miles southwest of Philomath, in 
 the edge of the foothills, and there is building 
 up a flock that in only a short time will be the 
 pride of the country around old historic St. 
 Mary's Peak. 
 
 39 
 
Guthrie Bros. 
 
 Guthrie Bros., who have made a phenomenal success 
 in the Angora Business. 
 
 A few years ago a mention of Guthrie Bros, 
 would have awakened no interest in the reading 
 
 pubhc. Today it is different. These boys 
 have a large farm about three miles southwest 
 of Dallas on the Salem and Falls City Rail- 
 road. A few years ago they went into the 
 Angora business. 
 
 They had ideal range, plenty of water and 
 a superabundance of brush, and with a start 
 from the Riddells flock of Monmouth they 
 have gone steadily onward, with the result that 
 for two years they won the prize for the cham- 
 pion buck at Portland and Salem, and this year 
 won first prize in aged buck class. In fact, 
 they broke into most of the classes at the recent 
 show, and in most cases got into the money. 
 Since starting in the business they have sold a 
 number of bucks for breeding purposes, and 
 they have not shipped one but what has given 
 entire satisfaction to the purchaser. TWu is all 
 the more remarkable when it is remembered 
 that the average breeder in the Northwest is 
 pretty well versed on the fine points which a 
 buck should have. One of the pictures shown 
 was taken at the Oregon State Fair in 1910, 
 and the other one at the recent Angora show at 
 the Armory, Portland. 
 
 Elmer Guthrie and two of his prize winners at the 1911 Show at Portland. 
 
 41 
 
C. B. Gui 
 
 uinn 
 
 In calling attention to the Angora goat in- 
 dustry we can not state or express anything that 
 will add anything to what Mr. Guinn has 
 favored us with in the following article. We 
 deem it of such value that we will quote Mr. 
 Guinn throughout. Oakland, Oregon, has re- 
 ceived some very good advertismg because of 
 his operations, and as the conditions there are 
 ideal for all manner of stock, Mr. Gumn's ex- 
 perience will be of unusual interest. He is an 
 active member of the local "Boosting Club," a 
 member of the board of directors of the North- 
 west Angora Goat Association, and a gentle- 
 man worth while to meet. He says: 
 
 "I moved on the farm in 1903. After a 
 
 year I bought a small flock of grade does which 
 looked good to me at that time. In the spring 
 they sheared three pounds each. I went to the 
 State fair and saw how much better the regis- 
 tered Angoras were ; came home, sold my 
 grades, and bought some pure breds of South 
 African strain. Since then I have bought the 
 best bucks I could buy. Last spring my entire 
 flock of 200 head, does, kids, wethers and 
 bucks, averaged five and one-quarter pounds. 
 Some of my bucks sheared eleven and one- 
 quarter pounds, and I have several does that 
 shear nine pounds and better. 
 
 "But there are points that are more impor- 
 tant than weight — freeness from kemp, fineness 
 and luster. I think it is possible for us to have 
 
 The two-year-old Doe, belonging to C. B. Guinn, that was the sensation at the First Annual Show, Portland, 
 1911. She won the Multnomah Mohair Mills Cup for carrying the finest fleece. The scoring was done 
 as follows: Freedom from kemp, 40 per cent.; fineness, 30 per cent.; lustre, 20 per cent.; weight, 10 per 
 cent. She scored 96 out of the 100. She comes of the Riddells strain and was shown by the latter at the 
 A. Y. P. E. at Seattle, 1910, where she was champion. 
 
 42 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 goats that will grow hair that will make dress 
 goods that will be difficult to detect from silk. 
 I am sure our home market, our Portland mills, 
 will pay enough more for our hair if it has the 
 three points named above, to more than make 
 up for what little it may lack in weight. I am 
 
 sure the best pays the best. So, brother goat 
 men, let us keep striving for better Angoras." 
 
 It was to this flock the sensational doe be- 
 longed that took the Multnomah Mohair Mills 
 cup at the recent show, scoring 96 out of a 
 possible 100. 
 
 Herman Metzger Sees Big Future in the 
 
 Mohair Indu^ry 
 
 An interesting side light into the industry is 
 furnished by a glance by the career of Herman 
 Metzger. It was in 1876 when a representa- 
 tive of the Sanford Mills of Saaford, Maine, 
 was in Portland and called on this firm and 
 noticed some bales of mohair in the warehouse 
 and asked what they did with it. He was in- 
 formed that most anything was done with it in 
 order to get rid of it, as at that time it was 
 not considered of much value. This gentleman 
 instructed Mr. Metzger to forward all that he 
 
 could obtain to the mills, and he would see that 
 he would realize a profit on it. 
 
 This was probably the birth of the mohair 
 industry in the Northwest. Seeing that the 
 country offered unlimited means for the success- 
 ful propagation of the industry, Mr. Metzger 
 went out into the country and gave much en- 
 couragement to the farmers to improve and en- 
 large their flocks. 
 
 He took a lively interest in the improvement 
 of stock and encouraged registration as a means 
 to that end. 
 
 43 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 He saw the flocks that were imported from 
 Cahfornia by Cantrell and later by Mr. Lan- 
 drum in the early '70s, and saw the vast differ- 
 ence that existed between the natives and the 
 imported ones. He posted himslf on the breeds 
 as found in Angora, in Asia Minor, and South 
 Africa, and instructed the growers how to breed 
 up and in the care and management of flocks. 
 
 From the nucleus thus started by the gentle- 
 men mentioned he has seen the business grow 
 from a matter of a few dollars to the present 
 magnitude, having a money value of nearly a 
 million dollars. 
 
 Mr. Metzger talks entertainingly of the times 
 past, when he saw the industry grow and flour- 
 ish. In all that time he has seen the proverbial 
 seven fat and lean years. It must be said, how- 
 ever, that Mr. Metzger's interest never flagged, 
 for in the times past he has seen prices drop to 
 a low level, so low, in fact, that the industry 
 was threatened with extinction. However, his 
 philosophy was not to "kill the goose that laid 
 
 the golden egg, " and it is a matter of record 
 that he paid during these lean years a price that 
 enabled the grower to keep on doing busmess 
 until the pinch was over. 
 
 Thus it may be said that through times of 
 great adversity and through periods of affluence, 
 Mr. Metzger has stood by his guns, and through 
 it all has shown his unfailing faith in an indus- 
 try that has contributed largely to the upbuilding 
 of the livestock industry of the great Northwest. 
 He believes in the future of the Angora and mo- 
 hair husbandry, and after nearly a quarter of a 
 century of experience during which he has be- 
 come acquainted with conditions both in this 
 country and foreign lands, he says that without 
 any hesitancy that this is the greatest section of 
 the world for the successful culture of Angora 
 goats. 
 
 Mr. Metzger is now getting along in years 
 and has turned a great deal of the heavy bur- 
 dens of his large business over to his son, Mr. 
 Henry W. Metzger, who has taken a great in- 
 terest in the work which his father has fostered. 
 
 C. H. Cannon, A Noted Angora Breeder 
 
 The Celebrated Angora, "Grandpa Hobson," belonging 
 to C. H. Cannon, of Turner, Oregon. 
 
 All over the Northwest stock will be found 
 that has been purchased of C. H. Cannon of 
 Turner, Oregon. Mr. Cannon has been breed- 
 ing Angoras ever since they were brought into 
 the country and in that time has learned enough 
 about them that he may well be called an expert. 
 In mentioning this gentleman our object is to 
 refer any who would desire any special in- 
 formation to write him. This flock is now 
 headed by Imp. "Grandpa" Hobson, one of the 
 best of the Hoerle importation. 
 
 This flock is noted for its constitutional vigor, 
 freedom from kemp and heavy shearing. Owing 
 to the fact that "Grandpa Hobson" has been on 
 the place for some time, Mr. Cannon will soon 
 have to part with him. 
 
 Parties desirous of having some first-hand 
 information pertaining to Angora culture can do 
 no better than write Mr. Cannon. 
 
 44 
 
(( 
 
 Oak Knoll Farm 
 
 fi 
 
 i?, 
 
 i I 
 
 f t 
 
 ^ .Mtt-t,.^ 
 
 ^.rr:?,^ 
 
 One of the two Lady Breeders of Angoras in the 
 United States, Mrs. W. J. Farley, of Dallas, 
 Oregon, taken with two of her beauties, Prensoelte 
 and King Arthur, Jr. Taken on the Court House 
 grounds at Dallas. 
 
 The exhibit by Mrs. W. J. Farley of Dallas, 
 Oregon, at the National Mid-winter Sheep and 
 Goat Show at Portland attracted more atten- 
 
 tion than any other, for with one exception she 
 is the only woman in the United States who 
 makes a business of raising and exhibiting regis- 
 tered Angoras. This was Mrs. Farley's initial 
 appearance in the show ring, but from the list 
 of awards it will be seen that she is raising the 
 right kind of stuff and will rapidly assume a 
 place among the "tcpnotchers." 
 
 Her farm, "Oak Knoll Farm," near Dallas, 
 Oregon, is now the home of about seventy-five 
 registered Angora does, and the flock is con- 
 sidered one of the finest on the Coast. The 
 flock was founded by "Judy," a Harris & Early 
 buck, which at that time was the best buck in 
 the Northwest and was probably the sire of 
 more blue ribbon goats than any buck in the 
 United States. 
 
 Her buck, "King Arthur, Jr.," which is at 
 the head of her flock, was sired by "King 
 Arthur 11" and is a grandson of Imported 
 'King Arthur." He was grand champion buck 
 on the Northwest Fair Circuit of 1 908. 
 
 Prize winning Doe of Farley & Cline at the Portland Show, 1911. 
 
 45 
 
Spring Brook Farm 
 
 Thos. W. Brunk, a noted Angora goat judge and 
 breeder. 
 
 The gentleman whose photograph is found 
 on this page needs no introduction to Angora 
 breeders in the Northwest, and very httle to 
 any in the United States. 
 
 Mr. Thos. W. Brunk has been identified 
 with the Angora and livestock industry of the 
 Northwest for twenty years or more, and in 
 that time he has built up a reputation as a 
 breeder and judge second to none in the entire 
 country. Mr. Brunk is a lover of fine stock and 
 has never had any other than registered animals. 
 He is numbered among the pioneers in the 
 business, and as a judge of Angora goats he 
 has traveled the Coast country thoroughly, and 
 in that time must have placed, in his official 
 capacity, enough ribbons to have put a band 
 around the country of the Northwest represented 
 by Oregon, Washington and Idaho. The 
 colors in this band would not be all blue, how- 
 ever, as Mr. Brunk is a most discriminating 
 
 judge and has never been known to place a blue 
 where a red would have fitted the candidate 
 better. 
 
 Many a would-be Angora aristocrat has had 
 to take a place down the line when the eye 
 of Judge Brunk fell on him, but this, however, 
 has had a good effect on the industry in that the 
 "undesirables" have been successfully weeded 
 out and relegated to the Angora junk shop. 
 Thus the standard has been continually raised, 
 which accounts for the extraordinarily fine ex- 
 amples of the animal found here in the North- 
 west. 
 
 Naturally, Mr. Brunk, knowing the fine 
 points of an animal, has used his knowledge in 
 his own flock, with the inevitable result that the 
 Spring Brook flock is at the top in point of 
 excellence. Spring Brook Farm is in Polk 
 county, about three miles west of Salem, Ore- 
 gon, and is the mecca for stock men and a show 
 place for visitors. 
 
 46 
 
W. J. Warfield in the Alsea Country 
 
 W. J. Warfield.— Mr. Warfield can tell all about 
 conditions on the Coast Country, where he has 
 been most successful in the Angora Business. 
 
 At the eighth annual show at Dallas m 1907 
 there was a gentleman who occasioned a great 
 deal of interest owing to the fact that in coming 
 sixty miles across the mountains he had, and 
 would in returning home, consume more time 
 than would the secretary, Mr. Fulton, who had 
 come all the way out from Helena, Montana. 
 This was W. J. Warfield, and he lives away 
 over in the Alsea country on the Coast. How- 
 ever, a railroad is building that way, and it 
 will only be a short time until the distance will 
 be quickly traveled and the country settled with 
 home builders. This is a great and growing 
 country, and one that will, when the road ar- 
 rives, be one of the finest stock raising sections 
 of Oregon, on account of the moisture and 
 equable climate. 
 
 Owing to the thick and luxuriant growth of 
 brush, ferns and foliage of all descriptions, it 
 has always been considered a veritable "goat 
 heaven." Stock practically require no feeding 
 
 during the year, going out each day and par- 
 taking plentifully of the native growths. When 
 once cleared up, the lands have more than 
 doubled in value, for there is no more produc- 
 tive land in the West. No one can tell a story 
 as well as the man acquainted with the facts, so 
 we have incorporated this account in his own 
 words: 
 
 "Oscar Tom had been in the Angora busi- 
 ness about twenty-eight years when I bought 
 from him. He had used bucks from such men 
 as Harris, Landrum and Bailey. 
 
 "He had spent as much money as any one 
 in the State to breed them up. He did not 
 care for expense so long as he could get a goat 
 that suited him. 
 
 "The last few years he kept them he was 
 getting too old to look after them properly, with 
 the other work he had to do, and wild animals 
 got among them and killed a great many. So 
 he decided to sell the registered ones to me. 
 After I had used the $65 buck for two years 
 I decided he was not good enough, so I sent 
 to Landrum for one of his best buck kids and 
 used him. two years, and then bought a South 
 African, 'Hobson's Choice,' from Taylor & 
 Lockwood, and paid $500 for him and used 
 him two years. I now have a South African 
 buck from Taylor & Lockwood that they were 
 using on their own flock. 
 
 "I have sold $935 worth of mohair and goats 
 this year, not including long mohair, as I have 
 not sold it yet, and I have ninety-five head of 
 Angoras left. 
 
 "There are thousands of acres of vacant land 
 in the mountains in Alsea that were burnt off 
 fifty years ago, and there are all kinds of small 
 brush, thimble berries, briar?, wild rye grass and 
 fern on it. It is the ideal place for range goats. 
 Much of this land can be homesteaded. 
 
 "I am breeding my Angoras for good con- 
 stitution, good covering, good luster, and as free 
 from kemp as possible." 
 
 We do not think that the true situation con- 
 cerning the Angora industry has been so clearly 
 put as in the foregoing. 
 
 47 
 
Toggenburg Milch Goats 
 
 By Albert Teal, Dallas, Oregon. 
 
 A "Toggenburg" belonging to Albert Teal. 
 
 While the question of "Tuberculosis" and "Sanitation," 
 "Balanced Rations" and Politics" are playing 
 havoc with the dairy interests, Ye Toggenburg 
 takes no interest whatsoever, but quietly and unos- 
 tentatiously goes about her business and gives milk 
 all the while. 
 
 These goats are scarce in the West and con- 
 sequently bring an unusually high price. De- 
 spite this they are sold as rapidly as they can 
 be grown. This particular flock has been at 
 Dallas for eight years. Mr. Teal has pur- 
 chased goats from all who had good ones to 
 sell. He says that in order to get quality one 
 must needs exercise a great deal of discrimma- 
 tion, as the types of milch goats are as various 
 
 as those of the sister breed, the Angora. Mr. 
 Teal says: 
 
 "Two years ago I bought three Toggenburg 
 goats, two does and one buck, and crossed all 
 of my scrub stock, and I am now getting a 
 herd of three-quarter Toggenburgs. They do 
 fine in this part of the country. My ranch is 
 two miles south of Falls City, Oregon ; elevation 
 1,000 feet. It is part brush, and I find that 
 they brouse the same as Angoras. I also find 
 that they give more and better milk on grass 
 and bran. I have two half-breed Toggenburg 
 does, first kid. The 1 4th of this month they 
 gave three pints. Now they will easily give two 
 quarts. I like the business very much, now that 
 I have got started right." 
 
 The picture shows a half Toggenburg doe, 
 two months after kidding. She was giving two 
 quarts at this time. The Toggenburg gives as 
 high as four and a half quarts at a milking, 
 the milk being more valuable for infants as it is 
 easily digested and is pronounced by many as 
 being entirely free from tubercular germs. The 
 goat itself is supposed to be immune from the 
 disease. 
 
 Mr. Teal has fifty head and is saving up all 
 his does to increase his herd. 
 
 A type of the Warfield Stock. 
 
 48 
 
$1,000,000 for Oregon Mohair 
 
 
 
 
 
 '^ # 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wm. Brown is probably the best known mohair 
 buyer in the State of Oregon, having bought a 
 large part of the clip for the last twenty years, 
 and having been actively interested at all times 
 in bettering the condition of the hair and the 
 breed ol the goat. 
 
 It is estimated that more than $1,000,000 
 in cash has been paid to mohair raisers in this 
 state by Mr. Brown since he began handling 
 the haif. It is also a fact that Mr. Brown 
 has never handled anything but "Oregon hair," 
 and by systematic advertising and square deal- 
 ing he has established an enviable reputation 
 with growers and manufacturers as well. 
 
 Mr. Brown has offered the growers some 
 good advice in the following article which he 
 is publishing in the newspapers. 
 
 "Very much depends on you, and the way 
 you shear and pack your mohair will determine 
 
 to a great extent what you will receive for it. 
 The Oregon clip is considered as a whole by 
 the manufacturer rather than the individual 
 clips, and if you all take pains in packing your 
 mohair you will raise the standard of the clip 
 for the entire state, and we shall surely see 
 better prices as a result. 
 
 "Be sure that your shearing pens are clean 
 before you put the goats in ; sweep off the plat- 
 forms carefully and see that no straw or dirt 
 of any kina gets into the hair; pack all tags 
 and stained locks separately, and be sure that 
 your goats are absolutely dry before shearing. 
 Damp mohair will spoil m the bags. Put your 
 hair in a neat white bag, which adds to its ap- 
 pearance. If all would follow these simple 
 suggestions closely we could easily raise our 
 standard for the clip and realize better prices." 
 
 49 
 
Angora Goats for Profit for Over Twenty Years 
 
 Geo. Houck. 
 
 Among the men who have been interested in 
 the Angora goat business on a large scale we 
 find George A. Houck of Portland and Omer 
 E. Trout of Monroe. Mr. Houck started in 
 business m I 889 with a band that was bred up 
 by Ari Cantrell from stock that came from the 
 Butterfield flock in California in the early '70s. 
 
 New blood was added regardless of expense, 
 even durmg the dull times, the constant aim 
 being to get a better fiber on a good frame, 
 fitted to stand the conditions of ordinary range. 
 
 The fact that the entire clip has been sold 
 for several years to the same factory at fancy 
 prices shows that it has paid to build up the 
 quality. 
 
 During the last twelve years Mr. Trout has 
 been interested with Mr. Houck, and the flock 
 has ranged from 1,000 to 2,000 head. 
 
 During that time they have sold carload ship- 
 
 ments of good grades to Washington, Montana 
 and Canada, and to many parts of Oregon, be- 
 sides many smaller shipments of registered 
 stock, some of which have formed the founda- 
 tion for prize winners. During the past few 
 years they have handled choice grades of 
 mohair of known quality, but have never en- 
 tered the field for the inferior grades. 
 
 Mr. Houck says that if there had never been 
 a cent of profit from the mohair or the goats 
 themselves, the increased value of the land 
 cleared by them would be a handsome profit on 
 the investment. He also says that the field for 
 profit in the business is much better than when 
 he commenced, because the beginner has the ex- 
 perience of others as a guide. 
 
 The only advice that he will give is "Get 
 good blood, no matter what the cost, and don't 
 starve it." 
 
 50 
 
What a Buyer Thinks of the Mohair Trade 
 
 Bernheim, "The Mohair Buyer," and two very inter- 
 ested parties in Angora Culture. 
 
 Mr. Theo. Bernheim of 247 Ash street, 
 Portland, has been in the buying business for 
 thirty years and states that at no time has he 
 seen it have a better outlook than at present. 
 The firm of Bernheim & Co. has been a large 
 handler of the staple for so many years here 
 that expressions of this sort carry much weight. 
 Mr. Bernheim says we should go back up into 
 the hills here and put a band of Angoras at 
 work in clearing up. "You fellows produce 
 the hair. We will buy it. You have seen how 
 the price has advanced, slowly but surely, in 
 the last few years. One great drawback is that 
 you have failed to keep the quality up while 
 you have been increasing the clip. Grow more 
 mohair, but don't let the quality run down. " 
 
 This is good advice, and it is the advice of 
 all those connected with the industry who are 
 in a position to know anything about it. Mr. 
 Bernheim is not only well posted in mohair mat- 
 ters, but knows how to take care of Angoras 
 and can give much valuable advice to any who 
 will write him in regard to his experience. New- 
 comers in Portland should call on Mr. Bern- 
 heim if interested in goats or mohair. 
 
 "Just Kids." Scene on Ed. Naylor's Farm, Forest Grove, Oregon. 
 
 51 
 
Multnomah Mohair Mills 
 
 The entrance of the Muhnomah Mohair 
 Mills into the local field has had a decided 
 effect on the mohair business. While buyers 
 have not been lacking in the Northwest, the 
 manufacturing end has been confined to the 
 East. Much of the mohair is still shipped 
 there. However, the mills being established 
 
 from Liverpool and Bradford, England. The 
 heavy looms and other machinery necessary to 
 a business of this magnitude were shipped 
 around Cape Horn and installed in the factory, 
 where all arrangements had been made. The 
 mills now turn out a variety of cloths of so 
 many and various grades that they are now 
 
 The building on the left is the Weave Shed, containing the Looms. In the center is the Warehouse, back 
 of it (not showing) is the Power House, and in the distance the Chemical Warehouse. The "L" shaped 
 building contains the Combs, Preparers, Spinning Frames, Finishing Machinery, etc. Attention is called to 
 the main line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, in the extreme left, and our private side track leading 
 from it. 
 
 here are beginning to make inroads on the an- going into the market for all grades of mohair, 
 
 nual output, and it is thought that it will be a thing which in its early infancy they were 
 
 only a short time until the demand will over- unable to do. 
 
 balance the production. The demand is for the best clip, and as the 
 
 These mills are equipped with all the latest uses of mohair goods become more popular and 
 
 machinery, having imported most of it direct insistent this demand will increase, as where 
 
 52 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 there is one grade of cloth made of kempy 
 mohair, there are a dozen calls for the finest. 
 
 Out at Sellwood, where the mills are located, 
 a scene of great activity is present, and the 
 humming of the busy machinery adds materially 
 to the hustle and bustle of the manufacturing 
 side of Portland. 
 
 These people are going to make a strong 
 bid for the Northwest business. The intentions 
 
 Mr. Young informs us that upon the receipt 
 of shipments they will forward to the shipper 
 their check. If upon receipt of the check the 
 shipper is not satisfied with the price, they can 
 in ten days notify them to that effect and they 
 will hold the shipment for thirty days, and will 
 then forward it to any other place you wish to 
 send it, making no charges for warehousing, 
 etc., and will only expect a refund of the 
 
 The above shows a corner of the Preparing and Combing Department, the Noble Comb in the foreground 
 being the only one west of the Mississippi River, and one of the most interesting machines in the mills. 
 
 and purposes of the company are to handle the 
 very best grades of mohair, and to get it they 
 are willing to bid high for it. All mohair arriv- 
 ing at the mills will be graded, and they figure 
 that they can make a better offer for it than 
 any mill in the United States, because of the when in the city, 
 short haul in transportation. 
 
 freight charges which they will have paid. Their 
 railroad spur and yards are at Willsburg on the 
 Southern Pacific, and their city offices are at 
 71 I and 713 Couch building, Portland, where 
 they will be glad to meet all mohair producers 
 
 53 
 
The Northwe^ Angora Goat Association's 
 Fir^ Annual Convention and Show 
 
 The Imperial hotel was overrun January 6 
 and 7, in Portland, with Ladies and Knights 
 of the Angora cult. Bits of mohair, to which 
 were attached ribbons of gay colors, bearing an 
 inscription which heralded to the world that the 
 wearer was a member of the Angora Associa- 
 tion, were in evidence at every angle of the 
 large hotel, and when all were assembled in 
 room 209 there was just room for the speakers 
 to hold sway. 
 
 Present were men representative of all 
 branches of the industry. Pioneers, who, like 
 Riddell & Sons, J. R. Springer, J. B. Stump, 
 U. S. Grant, etc., who sat with elbows touching 
 with the younger breeders, such as Guthrie 
 Bros., C. B. Guinn, A. M. Gray, Cline & 
 Farley, etc. On the speaker's platform were 
 such noted men as Byron Hunter, of the agricul- 
 tural department, Washington, D. C. ; Jno. W. 
 Fulton, president of the American Angora Goat 
 Association; A. B. Rintaul, of the Multnomah 
 Mohair Mills, Portland; U. S. Grant, president 
 of the National Mohair Association; D. O. 
 Lively, of the Union Stocks Yards, Portland, 
 and C. D. Minton, editor of the Oregon Agri- 
 culturist, Portland; Dr. Lytle, State Veteri- 
 narian of Oregon; Prof. McDonald, of the De- 
 partment of Animal Husbandry, Pullman, 
 Washington, and Frank Meredith, secretary 
 Oregon State Fair Board. 
 
 The papers read and the speeches made were 
 long and interesting. During the past year, in 
 the life of the Association, there have arisen 
 many important problems, and these were 
 brought into the convention for the purpose of 
 arriving at some conclusions in regard to them. 
 Probably chief among these is the question of 
 properly utilizing our logged-off and waste lands. 
 To the Angora breeder this question does not 
 bother him, as he has learned long ago that the 
 Angora goat will solve all difficulties so far as 
 clearing it and producing a profit at the same 
 time. However, this knowledge is not so uni- 
 versal as it should be, and in a country where 
 there are millions of such acres, most of it adapt- 
 
 able to good grazing and farming purposes, the 
 gospel of Angora culture should be more widely 
 spread. That the matter was of vital import- 
 ance, and that more earnest effort should be put 
 forth to acquaint the owners of these tracts, to 
 the end that our wild and waste districts be re- 
 claimed and increased in value by turning it 
 into grass lands and eventually into valuable 
 farms, was the earnest sentiment of the con- 
 vention. However, it was admitted by many of 
 those present that the Angora men had not done 
 all that was possible to do. In the future it 
 was decided unanimously to take steps to ac- 
 quaint the public with facts concerning the in- 
 dustry, and as a first step in this direction, it 
 was voted to provide funds for the publishing 
 of a booklet on the industry in the Northwest 
 and giving a report including the papers read 
 at this convention. Steps were taken at once 
 in regard to this matter, and before the meeting 
 had adjourned three-fourths of the amount was 
 subscribed. 
 
 The paper, "Utilization of Logged-off Lands 
 for Pasture Purposes, " by Byron Hunter, was 
 of especial value to those present who had never 
 given this phase of the question any particular 
 thought. D. O. Lively followed by showing 
 the value of stock raising on these same waste 
 lands after they had once been cleaned and 
 cleared off. J. R. Springer told of the prac- 
 tical side of the business, drawing on his own 
 fund of practical experience. He showed sam- 
 ples of over 30 varieties of brush that were a 
 delicacy to Angoras, but were a nuisance on a 
 new farm. He showed that a man could en- 
 gage in the business for two reasons, to clean his 
 land, or grow them for the profit from the mo- 
 hair, but the ideal situation was found when 
 they were raised for both purposes. 
 
 On Saturday, the convention, after hearing 
 U. S. Grant on "The National Mohair Asso- 
 ciation," got down to business matters. An ex- 
 change department was established for the pur- 
 pose of listing animals for sale, so that buyers 
 may through this agency find what they need, 
 and empowering the secretary to act in an of- 
 
 54 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 ficial manner between buyer and seller, and to 
 generally facilitate this end of the business. 
 
 Those wishing to do so, may also Hst their 
 mohair. This department is expected to oper- 
 ate towards gettmg those interested closer to- 
 gether. 
 
 Ringing resolutions were adopted dealing 
 with the tariff on mohair. It being the senti- 
 ment that the rate on the "raw" product was not 
 fair to the grower; that if there was a tariff of 
 1 2 cents on wool, that on mohair should at 
 least equal three times that amount. 
 
 Condolences were sent to E. L. Naylor, who, 
 on account of an assassm's bullet, was mca- 
 pacitated and unable to attend. i hanks were 
 also extended to Wm. Riddell & Sons, Mrs. 
 W. J. Farley, American Angora Goat Asso- 
 ciation, the Multnomah Mohair Mills, L. Le- 
 vussove, the Angora Rug Co., of Salem, the 
 Oregon Agriculturist and Pacific Homestead 
 for the valuable and beautiful premiums offered 
 as specials. 
 
 The annual election of officers then took 
 place and the following were elected: 
 
 President, E. A. Rhoten, Salem, Oregon; 
 Vice-President, E. L. Naylor, Forest Grove, 
 Oregon ; Secretary-Treasurer, Alva L. McDon- 
 ald, Portland, Oregon. 
 
 Board of Directors— G. W. McBee, Dallas, 
 Oregon; C. B. Guinn, Oakland, Oregon; J. 
 Hanks, Ellensburg, Washington, and W. C. 
 Harkness, Oroflno, Idaho. 
 
 The meeting was then adjourned to meet 
 again at Salem during the week of the State 
 Fair. 
 
 In the show ring at the Armory were seen, 
 without question, the finest among the Angora 
 aristocrats. The exhibitors were: Wm. Riddell 
 & Sons, Monmouth, Ore. ; J. B. Stump, Mon- 
 mouth, Ore.; Guthrie Bros., Dallas, Ore.; Mrs. 
 W. J. Farley, Dallas, Ore. ; C. B. Guinn, Oak- 
 land, Ore.; A. M. Gray, Philomath, Ore.; 
 J. R. Springer, Holly, Ore., and Albert Teal, 
 Dallas, Ore., with milch goats. The judge 
 was Thos. Brunk, of Spring Brook Farm, 
 Salem, Ore., and we do not believe that there 
 was as hard a worked man on the grounds. Mr. 
 Brunk is a capital judge and has the happy 
 abihty of placing the awards right and keeping 
 the boys well satisfied all the time. In some 
 classes were all of a kind. Long and earnestly 
 the judge worked, alternating between Rid- 
 dells and Guthrie Bros, in the kid class, Rid- 
 
 dells finally taking first and second and Guthrie 
 Bros, third. In the aged buck class it stood 
 between Guthrie Bros, and C. B. Guinn, the 
 former's entry took first, which was champion 
 last year at Portland and Salem, and Guinn 
 took second. 
 
 In the aged doe class there was still closer 
 competition. A. M. Gray had a wonderfully 
 fine animal. She is well built, strong and vig- 
 orous, with fine lines and carries an extraordi- 
 nary fine fleece. However, her fleece was not 
 up to the one showed by C. B. Guinn, and it 
 was therefore awarded first with Gray second. 
 This doe eventually turned out to be the sen- 
 sation of the show. Among the special pre- 
 miums was one offered by the Multnomah Mo- 
 hair Mills for the finest two-year-old fleeces, to 
 be scored as follows: Freedom from kemp 40 
 per cent, fineness 30 per cent, luster 20 per cent, 
 weight 1 per cent. 
 
 This prize was probably one of the most 
 sought after in the show, as it was the first time 
 that an expert grader was brought into the 
 ring. This gentleman was Mr. Greenwood 
 Bently, grader for the Multnomah Mills, and 
 is perhaps one of the best experts on mohair in 
 the United States. He was selected for his 
 fitness in this respect, and his work was eagerly 
 watched by every breeder who could possibly 
 be present that day without exception; all of 
 the exhibitors had entries, 22 being the total. 
 In the minds of all those present there was no 
 certainty just where the plum would fall. Back 
 and forth down the long line worked Mr. Bently, 
 scoring here and cutting there. And when the 
 finals were totaled C. B. Guinn owned the ani- 
 mal. She scored 96 out of a possible 1 00, 
 it being his first prize two-year-old doe. The 
 glad hand was at once extended C. B., for all 
 the fellows rejoiced with him. The placing of 
 this animal we believe will be a criterion to go 
 by in the future. 
 
 Mrs. W. J. Farley exhibited a fine pair of 
 Angora kids, which were the synosure of many 
 eyes when they were led out. She also took 
 third on flock. J. B. Stump was out into the 
 show ring again after a spell at home, and his 
 flock at once drew the attention of many who 
 had been familiar with his show in former years. 
 Perhaps no one breeder in the West is better 
 acquainted or better known that J. B., and 
 when the boys gathered around and took a look 
 
 55 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 at his show the general opinion was that J. B. 
 was "back again." 
 
 It was a great show and marks an epoch m 
 the industry that will have lasting effect. Wm. 
 Riddell & Sons carried off the champion buck 
 and doe, and this capped what was without 
 doubt the most interesting and instructive ex- 
 hibition ever yet held. 
 
 Resolutions adopted at the First Annual 
 Convention of the Northwest Angora Goat As- 
 sociation: 
 
 "In view of the fact that the Portland Com- 
 mercial Club has extended every courtesy to this 
 Association, and the National Woolgrowers' 
 Association has given the meeting and the An- 
 gora goat industry great publicity; therefore, be 
 it 
 
 "Resolved, That a vote of thanks be ex- 
 tended to them for favors given. 
 
 "The American Angora Goat Association, 
 through its worthy secretary, John W. Fulton, 
 has done all in its power to aid this meeting and 
 show, sending a letter of invitation to every 
 breeder in the Northwest to attend ; therefore, 
 be it 
 
 "Resolved, That a vote of thanks be ex- 
 tended to said associaton through its secretary. 
 
 "Resolved, That a vote of thanks be ex- 
 tended to the following for special premiums 
 offered at the recent show: American Angora 
 Goat Breeders' Association, John W. Fulton, 
 Multnomah Mohair Mills, L. Levussove, Wm. 
 Riddell & Sons, Mrs. W. J. Farley, Oregon 
 Agriculturist, Pacific Homestead and the An- 
 gora Rug Co. 
 
 "Resolved, That a vote of thanks be ex- 
 tended to all those that assisted in the program 
 of this meeting. 
 
 "In view of the fact that one of our promi- 
 nent members has been stricken by an assassin's 
 bullet and we have missed him very much in 
 this meeting; therefore, be it 
 
 "Resolved, That we extend Edward L. 
 Naylor, vice-president of this Association, our 
 sympathy in his misfortune and hope for his 
 speedy recovery. 
 
 "In view of the fact that the Oregon State 
 Fair has the best livestock exhibit of any fair 
 in the West and that more admirers of goats 
 and possible customers attend than any other 
 fair; therefore, be it 
 
 "Resolved, That the members of this As- 
 
 sociation do all in their power to make the Ore- 
 gon State Fair of 1911 the best ever held. 
 
 "Resolved, That we reaffirm our belief in 
 the American system of protection and unequiv- 
 ocally indorse the application of its principles as 
 embodied in the present arrangements of sched- 
 ule 'K,' but as applied to mohair we believe 
 that there should be a higher tariff on the raw 
 material, and recognize that every time depart- 
 ure has been made from the principles therein 
 contained serious disaster has befallen the in- 
 dustry of mohair growing." 
 
 DISPLAY OF MOHAIR PRODUCTS. 
 
 The Association had a display in one corner 
 of the great Armory devoted exclusively to 
 Angora goat products and mohair goods. 
 
 Chaps and rugs, plushes, etc., were donated 
 by the Geo. Lawrence Co., Breyman Leather 
 Co. and W. H. McMonies Co. These goods 
 were of great educational value in showing the 
 size and quality necessary for their make. 
 
 The Multnomah Mohair Mills, under the 
 direction of Mr. Jas. Coulton, superintendent, 
 had on display mohair cloth alongside the raw 
 material, i. e., mohair from the goat's back. 
 Various grades of mohair were arranged side 
 by side, showing very fine grades and free from 
 kemp with goods showing fine in quality and 
 finish. These grades ranged down to coarse 
 kempy stuff, and the goods made from such 
 were likewise coarse and cheap, showing the 
 kempy, as no amount of work or dyes will elim- 
 inate it. The whole was to show the grower 
 why the mills desired the better grades, as the 
 demand for their goods was for such and not for 
 the coarse cloth. 
 
 Each exhibit was properly tagged and the 
 whole constituted a study and was the cause 
 of much comment and comparison during the 
 week. 
 
 The Angora Rug Co., of Salem, had on dis- 
 play eight varieties of rugs made from Angora 
 skins, and the Silverfield company had an ex- 
 hibit of furs and a line especially for children, 
 which was very fine and attracted an unusual 
 amount of attention from the ladies and little 
 folks. All these goods were from the backs 
 of Angoras. 
 
 The following are the awards in full: 
 
 Wm. Riddell & Sons, Monmouth, Ore., 
 buck 1 year and under 2, first; buck kid, first 
 
 56 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 and second; doe 2 years and over, third; doe 
 1 year and under 2, first; doe kid, first, second 
 and third; get of sire, first; pen of four kids, 
 first flock, first ; champion buck and champion 
 doe. 
 
 C. B. Guinn, Oakland, Ore., buck 2 years 
 old and over, second ; doe 2 years old and over, 
 first ; doe 1 year old and over, second. 
 
 J. B. Stump, Monmouth, Ore., buck 1 year 
 old and under 2, second; buck kid, third. 
 
 Guthrie Bros., Dallas, Ore., buck 2 years 
 old and over, first; buck kid, third; get of sire, 
 second ; flock, second. 
 
 A. M. Gray, Philomath, Ore., doe 2 years 
 old and over, second. 
 
 Mrs. W. J. Farley, Dallas, KJre., get of sire, 
 third; four kids, third; flock, third. 
 
 Special premiums offered at the First Annual 
 Show of Northwest Angora Goat Association: 
 
 Northwest Angora Goat Association trophy, 
 for best exhibit by an amateur (an amateur be- 
 ing defined as one that had not showed on the 
 Northwest fair circuit for the past two years), 
 won by C. B. Guinn, Oakland, Ore. 
 
 Twenty-five-dollar cup given by J. W. Ful- 
 ton, secretary of the American Angora Goat 
 Association, for best four kids, get of one sire. 
 
 won by Wm. Riddell & Sons, Monmouth, Ore. 
 
 Cash prize by J. W. Fulton for best buck 
 kid, first to Wm. Riddell & Sons, second to 
 Guthrie Bros., third to Mrs. W. J. Farley. The 
 same prize duplicated for best doe Kids going to 
 the same parties. 
 
 Levussove cup for best long mohair, won by 
 Wm. Riddell & Sons. 
 
 Multnomah Mohair Mills' cup for the high- 
 est scoring mohair on animal 2 years old or 
 over, considering the length, fineness, luster and 
 weight, won by C. B. Guinn, score 96. 
 
 Riddell & Sons offered two $50 doe kids, 
 one for best doe kid, one for best buck kid, 
 from stock purchased from them; both prizes 
 won by Guttirie Bros. 
 
 Pacific Homestead $25 cup for best goat 
 won by A. M. Gray, of Philomath, Ore. 
 
 Oregon Agriculturist cash prizes for best 
 pair Angoras, won by Wm. Riddell & Sons. 
 
 v^regon Agriculturist cash prizes for best 
 buck kid exhibited by an amateur, first to J. B. 
 Stump, second to Mrs. W. J. Farley. 
 
 Angora Rug Co., Salem, Ore., $16 goat 
 rug for largest Angora, won by Gutnrie Bros. 
 
 57 
 
Northwe^ Angora Goat Association 
 
 The Association was organized January 9, 
 1910. 
 
 As stated in the preamble of the constitution 
 adopted, the object of the Association is "To 
 promote the industry, to get and hold the breed- 
 ers in a position so that a concerted action can 
 be taken on those matters affecting the indus- 
 try, to secure adequate recognition from our 
 state legislature and public officials of our needs. 
 
 to provide for a comprehensive plan of pub- 
 licity, to collect statistics and data for the pur- 
 pose of disseminating information respecting 
 this very profitable branch of the livestock in- 
 dustry in the Northwest, to hold Angora goat 
 conventions, to hold annually an Angora goat 
 exhibition and in general to contribute to the 
 prominence of the great Northwest as an An- 
 gora goat breeding center. 
 
 INFORMATION BUREAU. 
 
 The Association maintains a bureau for the 
 purpose of aiding and assisting those wishing in- 
 formation concerning the industry, prices of 
 land adaptable to the purpose, prices of stock 
 and where they may be obtained, and the mar- 
 ketable value of mohair. 
 
 The secretary will at all times be willing to 
 give such information to the end that parties in- , 
 terested may be made acquainted with condi- * 
 tions without bias and without cost. 
 
 EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Association has established an Exchange 
 Department where members may list their stock 
 for sale and parties wishing to purchase stock 
 can, by writing the secretary, secure all infor- 
 mation obtainable concerning such stock for 
 
 sale. Intending buyers will secure such infor- 
 mation and may make his purchases through the 
 Department without any cost whatever. Simply 
 write to the secretary stating what you want. 
 
 MEMBERSHIP. 
 
 All persons interested in the Angora and mo- 
 hair industry are eligible to membership. The 
 membership now represents every section of the 
 Northwest and represents in money value a sum 
 of over one-half million dollars. 
 
 There are no membership fees. The dues are 
 50 cents per year. 
 
 ALVA L. McDonald, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 5S 
 
Where Cheap Lands Can be Found 
 
 Geo. Martin, who has made cheap lands a sludy — 
 particularly the logged-off lands. 
 
 In the perusal of this booklet the reader has 
 doubtless become interested in the lands men- 
 tioned as adaptable to Angora goat culture or 
 lands that are to be had cheaply. When we 
 say cheap we do not mean cheap in quality, but 
 cheap in price; lands that have all the requisites 
 of climate, soil, moisture and location, but ow- 
 ing to the difficulty in clearing have remained 
 at a low value. These are what we term "cheap 
 lands," and they are, when considering their 
 agricultural value and the price which they 
 command. 
 
 To those who are conversant with the foot- 
 hill lands it is a well known fact that they are 
 very productive. Many prefer them to valley 
 lands. Every known variety of vegetable 
 thrives there. Fruit orchards that are now in 
 bearing prove their worth, and no dairying 
 country in the world is better than the foothills 
 
 of the Willamette valley and the Coast country. 
 
 Why then are these lands so cheap? 
 
 The answer is that immigration has been to- 
 wards the low lands where cultivation was easy 
 owing to the fact that the breaking up process 
 was easy. Hence these lands were taken first, 
 but now the eye is turned towards the foothills, 
 and to show how these lands may be used is 
 only the object of this booklet. 
 
 The lands found in Lincoln v^ounty, Oregon, 
 are typical of those found all over the North- 
 west, especially so of the western part of Ore- 
 gon and Washington. For instance, near 
 Toledo, Nashville, Fddyviile and Elk City, on 
 the west slope of the Coast Range on the Cor- 
 vallis & Eastern railroad, are thousands of very 
 fertile acres that today is almost uninhabited. 
 The land is rolling but only about ten per cent 
 of it is steep. Between these hills are beauti- 
 ful valleys, the richness of the soil not sur- 
 
 Wm. Ritchie, a man closely acquainted with the land 
 conditions of the Coast Country. 
 
 59 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 passed anywhere in the world. Through these 
 valleys trickle numberless streams, murmuring 
 their way to the ocean, which is only a short 
 distance away. 
 
 The gentle sloping hills that stand back from 
 these valleys are rich in value for agricultural 
 and grazing purposes. Fruit of all kinds does 
 well because of the shelter afforded. Vege- 
 tables of every description thrive because of the 
 sunny climate which in the springtime is habitual. 
 
 Here is where the Angora goat has proved 
 of such inestimable value. These lands at one 
 time were covered with a dense growth of mar- 
 
 shadow of a doubt but what they will be in as 
 great demand as valley lands. 
 
 Seventy-live per cent of these lands are adapt- 
 able to cultivation, of the balance none is too 
 steep but that it is ideal for grazing purposes 
 when the brush is cleared off, and this is what 
 the Angora accomplishes. Because these "57" 
 varieties — and there are about this many — of 
 brush is his special delicacy and if kept close 
 enough to it will clean it thoroughly. 
 
 However, it is possible that 50 per cent of 
 this land is not covered with brush owing to the 
 fires that have gone through it, and these same 
 
 Aijoras at Work in Lincoln County, near Elk City. These Angoias have Ju^ been Sheared 
 
 ketable timber, but the hand of the woodman 
 has laid these noble kings of the forest low and 
 commercialism has swept the hillside bare. 
 What IS left is the naked land. It is overgrown 
 with brush, briars and what is commonly known 
 as "second growth." The cost of clearing 
 these lands retarded their cultivation until the 
 value of the Angora was recognized, and when 
 it was these lands began to be in demand, and 
 as their value becomes better known and their 
 proper utilization is understood, there is no 
 
 fires have eaten out and destroyed the stumps 
 that once stood as an obstacle to their cultivation. 
 When one considers that centuries have come 
 and gone depositing their accumulation of de- 
 cayed vegetation and ashes, why should it not 
 be rich in productiveness? And these hills and 
 glades only await the settler, and all that is 
 needed is that the prospective homeseeker will 
 stop and consider the advantages thus offered 
 before he settles on higher priced lands where 
 their value is no greater, and in many instances, 
 
 60 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 not equal to these when once converted to ag- 
 ricultural purposes. 
 
 Here every vegetable known to the vegetable 
 world will grow, and grow in abundance. And 
 last but not least it is pronounced one of the 
 greatest bee countries in the United States. This 
 IS due to the fact that vine maple and other 
 sacharrine producing plants and shrubbery pre- 
 dominate. Vine maple is most numerous, and 
 as all beekeepers know, is most to be desired in 
 bee culture. 
 
 Such, briefly, is the country where we would 
 direct the intending homeseeker. 
 
 Railroads already traverse the entire section 
 and another one is building. 
 
 This association has no land for sale, but 
 will answer all inquiries cheerfully, or parties 
 interested may obtain all information by writing 
 Wm. Ritchie, of Albany, Oregon, or Geo. 
 Martin, 716 Yeon Bldg., Portland, Ore- 
 gon. These gentlemen have made a study 
 of the foregoing facts and can give expert in- 
 formation and data concerning such lands. On 
 much of the land there is sufficient timber stand- 
 ing to pay for it, selling it as cordwood, and all 
 of it has sufficient for fuel for years to come. 
 The price ranges from a few dollars up, and 
 there is an almost endless variety to select from. 
 
 Varieties of Brush Found in the Northwe^ 
 
 The following is a list of the various shrubs, 
 varieties of brush and bushes that goes to make 
 up the brush family in the Northwest that are a 
 a nuisance to the farmer and stock raiser, but a 
 delicacy to his lordship, the Angora. Com- 
 piled by J. R. Springer, Holly, Oregon: 
 
 1 
 
 Sarvis berry, 
 
 2 
 
 Seven bark. 
 
 3 
 
 Oak. 
 
 4 
 
 Pine. 
 
 5 
 
 White hr. 
 
 6 
 
 Yew. 
 
 7 
 
 Wild crab. 
 
 8 
 
 Chittim. 
 
 9 
 
 Alder. 
 
 10 
 
 Buck brush. 
 
 11 
 
 Oregon grape (state flower) 
 
 12 
 
 Willow. 
 
 13 
 
 Wild currant. 
 
 14 
 
 Chinkapin. 
 
 15 
 
 Huckleberry. 
 
 16 
 
 Vine maple. 
 
 17 
 
 Douglas fir. 
 
 18 
 
 Hazel. 
 
 19 
 
 Squaw berry. 
 
 20 
 
 Hard hack. 
 
 21 
 
 Sal lal. 
 
 22 
 
 Dewberry. 
 
 23 
 
 Fern. 
 
 61 
 
American Angora Goat Breeders' Association 
 
 Resident office of the secretary, Helena, 
 Montana. 
 
 President — N. A. Gwin, Lawrence, Kansas. 
 
 Vice-President — Wm. Riddell, Monmoutfi, 
 Oregon. 
 
 Secretary-Treasurer — John W. Fulton, Hel- 
 ena, Montana. 
 
 Executive Committee — N. A. Gwin, Law- 
 rence, Kansas ; Frank Landrum, Laguna, 
 Texas; D. C. Taylor, Lake Valley, New Mex- 
 ico ; R. C. Johnston, Lawrence, Kansas ; John 
 W. Fulton, Helena, Montana. 
 
 Board of Directors — N. A. Gwin, Lawrence, 
 Kan.; Wm. Riddell, Monmouth, Ore.; Perry 
 C. Witt, Montell, Texas; R. C. Johnston, 
 Lawrence, Kan. ; Aubrey Gist, Carlsbad, N. 
 M.; J. Robertson, Del Rio, Texas; U. S. 
 Grant, Dallas, Ore. ; J. F. Holder, Sheldon, 
 Ariz. ; Dr. W. C. Bailey, San Jose, Cal. ; E. P. 
 Cohill, Hancock, Md. ; J. D. Pepper, Rock 
 
 Springs, Texas; M. L. Conklin, Newville, Cal.; 
 John W. Fulton, Helena, Mont. 
 
 The American Angora Goat Breeders' Asso- 
 ciation was organized in 1 900, and maintains 
 the only record of pure bred Angora goats in 
 America. 
 
 It is the national organization representing 
 and championing this breed of live stock in the 
 United States. It has 500 members, repre- 
 senting nearly every state and territory. 
 
 It is the purpose of the association to encour- 
 age the raising of Angora goats in the United 
 States and to bring about improvement in the 
 breed. 
 
 Through its literature, contributions to the 
 press, patronage of Angora goat exhibits and 
 otherwise, the association is promoting greater 
 interest in Angora husbandry throughout the 
 country and is materially assisting in the devel- 
 opment of this promising American live stock 
 industry. 
 
 National Mohair Growers' Association 
 
 President — U. S. Grant. 
 
 First Vice-President — J. b. McCarty. 
 
 Second Vice-President — ivirs. M. Armer. 
 
 Third Vice-President — W. C. Bailey. 
 
 Fourth Vice-President — O. F. Webster. 
 
 Secretary-Treasurer — S. O. Baker. 
 
 Executive Board — U. S. Grant, Wm. Rid- 
 dell, W. C. Bailey, O. F. Webster, S. W. 
 Holder. W. A. Heather, W. R. Lockwood, 
 S. O. Baker, Mrs. M. Armer, J. E. McCarty, 
 F. O. Landrum, Perry Witte, J. D. Pepper, 
 J. W. Garrett, A. B. Collms, J. N. Ross, 
 N. A. Gwin, Aubrey Gist. 
 
 Finance Committee — W. A. Heather, Wm. 
 Riddell, A. B. Collins. 
 
 Selling Committee — U. S. Grant, W. R. 
 Lockwood, F. O. Landrum. 
 
 Selling Agents — Brown & Adams, Boston, 
 Mass. Warehouse 274 Summer St., Boston, 
 Mass. 
 
 The National Mohair Growers' Association 
 was organized for the benefit and protection 
 of the Angora husbandry, and while not yet 
 eighteen months old, it has met with such grand 
 success that its future is no longer in question, 
 for the breeders have awakened to their own 
 interest at last, and are co-operating for their 
 future protection. 
 
 The big advance in mohair prices the past 
 six months has demonstrated to the breeders 
 what can be done by organization, and shows 
 plainly that the low prices of the past were 
 simply due to manipulation by the manufac- 
 turers, and they have been reaping the benefit. 
 Without any attempt to go into details, it is 
 now shown that the manufacturer can pay bet- 
 ter prices than in the past and still make a living 
 profit from his product, while on the other hand, 
 the poor goatman cannot live at the prices of the 
 past few years. 
 
 62 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 This Association is purely co-operative, and 
 does not have in mind any attempt to corner 
 the mohair market, but to handle our own pro- 
 duct in a businesslike way that will command a 
 fair and reasonable price for our labors. 
 
 Under our system of grading, every clip is 
 sold on its merits, and every breeder gets his 
 just dues for his labor in breeding up his flocks 
 so as to produce good mohair, and he is not 
 obliged to take the same price as the breeder 
 of low grade mohair as when sold in the pools. 
 
 Pooling has been the death of the mohair 
 market, as has been demonstrated by the grad- 
 ing of mohair the past year in the national ware- 
 house. There has been no incentive for a 
 breeder to infuse new blood into his flocks. 
 
 All this is now changed, and the demand for 
 
 good bucks and breeding stock is the best to- 
 day it has been for years. 
 
 If you want the top price for your mohair, 
 raise good mohair. 
 
 No other raw material in this country shows 
 such a wide variation in grades as mohair, and 
 therefore grading is essential to produce best 
 results. 
 
 It is the duty of every breeder to join the 
 association and assist in protecting his interest, 
 and especially the tariff fight that will soon 
 confront us. We must prepare for it, and need 
 the assistance of every breeder. 
 
 Remit $3.00 for membersnip and annual 
 dues to S. O. Baker, Secretary, Silver City, 
 N. M. 
 
 63 
 
Members of the Northwe^ Angora Goat Assn. 
 
 G. W. McBee, Dallas. Ore. 
 
 E. L. Naylor, Forest Grove, Ore. 
 
 E. A. Rhoten, field editor Pacific Home- 
 stead, Salem, Ore. 
 
 U. S. Grant, president National Mohair 
 Association, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 W. A. Ayres, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 H. M. Williamson, ex-editor Oregon Agri- 
 culturist, Portland, Ore. 
 
 Guthrie Bros., "Oak Hill Farm," Dallas, 
 Ore. 
 
 C. D. Minton, editor Oregon Agriculturist, 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 Alva L. McDonald, field representative, 
 Oregon Agriculturist, Portland, Ore. 
 
 C. B. Guinn, Oakland, Ore. 
 
 Wm. Riddells, Monmouth, Ore. 
 
 Jas. Riddells, Monmouth, Ore. 
 
 John Riddells, Monmouth, Ore. 
 
 David Riddells, Monmouth, Ore. 
 
 Albert Teal, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 J. G. Van Ordell, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 H. G. Campbell, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 Herman Metzger & Co., Front Street, Port- 
 land, Ore. 
 
 J. Hanks & Son, Ellensburg, Wash. 
 
 Frank Welch, Salem, Ore. 
 
 J. A. Herbert, Junction City, Ore. 
 
 G. F. McBee, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 W. P. McBee, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 J. I. Chapman, Wilbur, Ore. 
 
 A. M. Baxter, Eddyville, Ore. 
 
 N. A. Gwin, president American Angora 
 Goat Breeders' Association, Lawrence, Kan. 
 
 I. Carnon Carson, Steilacoom, Wash. 
 
 J. Veit, Eddyville, Ore. 
 
 Jno. B. Stump, "Fair Acres Stock Farm," 
 Monmouth, Ore. 
 
 P. A. Miller, Pioneer, Ore. 
 
 W. D. Cline, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 Mrs. W. J. Farley, "Oak Knoll Farm," 
 Dallas, Ore. 
 
 Wm. Brown & Co., Salem, Ore. 
 
 Jno. W. Fulton, secretary American An- 
 gora Goat Breeders' Association, Helena, 
 Mont. 
 
 Brannin Bros., Melville, Mont. 
 
 Calvin Phillips, California Bldg., Tacoma, 
 Wash. 
 
 L. Levussove, 152 3d St., New York City. 
 
 L. L. Paget, Gaston, Ore. 
 
 C. C. McBride, Eddyville, Ore. 
 
 C. p. Bailey & Sons, "Angora Counsellors," 
 San Jose, Cal. 
 
 C. H. Marsh, Molalla, Ore. 
 
 Wm. Eagan, Gervais, Ore. 
 
 Niver Hengeman, Alsea, Ore. 
 
 W. J. Warfield, Alsea, Ore. 
 
 E. W. Rivers, Skidoo, Cal. 
 A. M. Gray, Philomath, Ore. 
 
 J. A. Munday, Vancouver, Wash. 
 
 W. C. Harkness, Orofino, Idaho. 
 
 J. J. Long, Oakland, Ore. 
 
 Roche Harbor Lime Co., Roche Harbor, 
 Wash. 
 
 Geo. Houck, Labbe Bldg., Portland, Ore. 
 
 J. R. Springer, Holly, Ore. 
 
 Fred Curry, Juntura, Ore. 
 
 Bernheim & Co., 247 Ash St., Portland, 
 Ore. 
 
 W. C. Kenyon, Aurora, Ore. 
 
 Miss Melvina Kenyon, Aurora, Ore. 
 
 A. L. McDonald, Chitwood, Ore. 
 
 J. H. Porter, Silverton, Ore. 
 
 Zack Davenport, Silverton, Ore. 
 
 C. H. Wain, "Maple Springs Farm," 
 Thomas, Ore. 
 
 F. B. Wait, Sutherlin, Ore. 
 
 C. R. Thompkins, Cottage Grove, Ore. 
 
 H. D. Runkle, Asotin, Wash. 
 
 P. H. Brown, Sublimity, Ore. 
 
 J. W. Lee, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 E. L. Bolen, Cresswell, Ore. 
 
 E. N. Parvin, Dexter, Ore. 
 
 G. G. Belts, "Edgewood Farm," Harris- 
 burg, Ore. 
 
 J. W. Creamer, V. S., 5th and Taylor Sts., 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 W. O. Cockerm, Oakland, Ore. 
 
 V. D. Hendt, "Goat Heaven Stock Farm," 
 Spangle, Wash. 
 
 Fred Tharp, Spangle, Wash. 
 
 64 
 
THE ANGORA GOAT INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHWEST 
 
 C. B. Burrows, Junction City, Ore. 
 
 J. W. Hockings. D. D. S., New Westmin- 
 ster, B. C. 
 
 C. E. Holtgrieve, Cully Lane, Portland, 
 Ore. 
 
 N. C. Maris, Editor Rural Spirit, Port- 
 land, Ore. 
 
 Thos. W. Brunk, "Spring Brook Farm," 
 Salem, Ore. 
 
 W. O. Cline, Eddyville, Ore. 
 
 F. W. Beaver,, Cresswell, Ore. 
 
 Abel White, Spanaway, Ore. 
 
 J. C. Surritt, Delphi Star, Rt. Olympia 
 Wash. 
 
 Edgar Steven, Scappoose, Ore. 
 
 Geo. Boothby, Monmouth, Ore. 
 
 Will Purdy, "Riverside Farm," Ferry, 
 Wash. 
 
 Jno. Luchinett, Kellogg, Idaho. 
 
 Phil S. Bates, publisher Pacific Northwest, 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 Mrs. F. A. Pierce, Galesville, Ore. 
 
 Frank Meredith, secretary State Fair Board, 
 Salem, Ore. 
 
 S. F. Zysett, Scio, Ore. 
 
 Wm. Ritchie, Albany, Ore. 
 Geo. Martin, Yeon Bldg., Portland, Ore. 
 Porter H. Pleasants, Willow Ranch, Cal. 
 Omar E. Trout, Monroe, Ore. 
 
 F. A. Link & Son, Airlie, Ore. 
 Oscar Tom, Alsea, Ore. 
 
 C. D. Nairn, Ballston, Ore. 
 A. R. Fanno, Beaverton, Ore. 
 J. B. Smith, Dallas, Ore. 
 Harry Starr, Dayton, Ore. 
 L. M. Jacques, Drew, Ore. 
 Thos. Carmichael, "Wapato Lake Farm," 
 Gaston, Ore. 
 
 J. A. Ridings, Marquam, Ore. 
 H. C. Martin, The Dalles, Ore. 
 Fred H. Coad, Toledo, Ore. 
 E. E. Heater, Snohomish, Wash. 
 Foster Grant, Kelso, Wash. 
 
 G. H. Knight, Hailey, .uaho. 
 Solon McCoy, Nampa, Idaho. 
 H. O. Bergh, Somers, Mont. 
 
 Geo. M. Cornwall, publisher The Timber- 
 man, Portland, Ore. 
 
 M. Bixby Jr., Kelso, Wash. 
 C. H. Cannon, Turner, Ore. 
 
 65 
 
Appreciation 
 
 In the compiling and arranging of this book- 
 let, considerable painstaking care has been nec- 
 essary, in order to bring out all the important 
 features of the industry and to arrange it so 
 that the reader may with ease grasp all its ad- 
 vantages without going too much into detail. 
 To do this, care has been exercised to eliminate 
 everything that would not bear the closest scru- 
 tiny relative to facts connected with the busi- 
 ness. For the invaluable advice and the many 
 appropriate hints and suggestions, thanks are 
 most cordially offered to Mr. John W. Fulton, 
 secretary of the American Angora Goat P "feed- 
 ers' Association, Helena, Montana, whose 
 counsel and leadership in the industry has at 
 all times been of incalculable benefit to the 
 industry in a national sense. The same sense 
 of obligation is felt to Wm. Riddells & Son, 
 whose assistance in gathering data and infor- 
 mation has made it possible to put forth many 
 facts that have not been common knowledge 
 heretofore. For the many cuts and photographs 
 that adorn these pages, many thanks are justly 
 due The Oregon Agriculturist, through its able 
 editor, C. D. Minton, whose unfailing faith in 
 the industry has caused him to spend much time 
 in assisting the work along and in gathering 
 the data herein found. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, whose help has 
 not only been of an advisory capacity, but 
 whose financial help has been most material, 
 the compiler, the association and the industry 
 at large is forever indebted to the following, 
 whose aid and financial help has made this 
 publication possible: 
 
 U. S. Grant, president National Mohair As- 
 sociation, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 Guthrie Bros., Dallas, Ore. 
 
 C. B. Guinn, Oakland, Ore. 
 
 Mrs. W. J. Farley, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 Albert Teal, Dallas, Ore. 
 
 A. M. Gray, Philomath, Ore. 
 
 C. H. Cannon, Turner, Ore. 
 
 J. B. Stump, Monmouth, Ore. 
 
 W. J. Warfield, Alsea, Ore. 
 
 Multnomah Mohair Mills, Portland, Ore. 
 
 S. O. Baker, secretary National Mohair 
 Association, Silver City, N. M. 
 
 Herman Metzger & Co., Portland, Ore. 
 
 Bernheim & Co., Portland, Ore. 
 
 Wm. Brown & Co., Salem, Ore. 
 
 Wm. Ritchie, Albany, Ore. 
 
 Geo. Martin, Portland, Ore. 
 
 Geo. Houck, Portland, Ore. 
 
 66 
 
A Dairy Scene in, Lincoln County 
 
 ( 
 
Index to Articles 
 
 Page 
 
 Grand Champion Angora Buck Outside Cover 
 
 Prefatory 5 
 
 Greetings — By President E. A. Rhoten 6 
 
 Historical 7 
 
 Object of the Association — By Alva L. McDonald. . 9 
 A Practical Farmer's Experience — J. R. Springer. .. I 1 
 Utilization of Logged-off Lands — Byron Hunter.... 1 3 
 
 Mohair Industry — U. S. Grant 19 
 
 Extracts from Address of D. O. Lively 21 
 
 Clearing Lands Cheaply 22 
 
 Mohair and Angoras — Wm. Riddells 24 
 
 Mohair Manufacturing 25 
 
 Registered Angoras 28 
 
 Angora Pelts 30 
 
 The Interest of the Angora Press — By C. D. Minton.3i 
 
 Wm. Riddells & Sons 35 
 
 U. S. Grant 38 
 
 J. B. Stump 40 
 
 Guthrie Bros 4 1 
 
 A. M. Gray 39 
 
 C. H. Cannon 44 
 
 C. B. Guinn 42 
 
 Herman Metzger, Sees Big Future 43 
 
 "Oak Knoll Farm" 45 
 
 Spring Brook Farm 46 
 
 W. J. Warfield. of Alsea 47 
 
 Toggenburg Milch Goats 48 
 
 Wm. Brown & Co., Salem, Ore 49 
 
 Angoras for Profit 50 
 
 What a Buyer Thinks of the Mohair Trade 51 
 
 Multnomah Mohair Mills 52 
 
 Report First Annual Convention Northwest Angora 
 
 Goat Association 54 
 
 Northwest Angora Goat Association 58 
 
 Where Cheap Lands Can Be Found 59 
 
 Varieties of Brush Found in Northwest 61 
 
 American Angora Goat Association 62 
 
 National Mohair Growers' Association 62 
 
 Membeis of the Association 64 
 
 68 
 
Index to Illu^rations 
 
 Page. 
 Outside front page, Champion Angora Buck of Wm. 
 
 Riddells & Sons. 
 Officers of Northwest Angora Buck Association. ... 2 
 Officers American Angora Goat Breeders' Association 4 
 
 Angora Display, Washington State Fair 10 
 
 Looking Across the Valley II 
 
 While They Were at It 12 
 
 Byron Hunter 13 
 
 Showing the Effects of Pasturing Angoras on Logged- 
 
 of f Lands 17 
 
 Afterwards the Grass Starts 18 
 
 U. S. Grant 19 
 
 Long Mohair 20 
 
 D. O. Lively 22 
 
 Wm. Riddells 24 
 
 Dick and Holmes 26 
 
 Just Kids 51 
 
 C. H. Wain, at Scio Fair 39 
 
 C. D. Minion 32 
 
 Pasha Columbia 33 
 
 Jas. Riddells 35 
 
 Champion Doe 35 
 
 "We Know We Are Having Our Pictures Taken". .36 
 
 Wm. Riddells & Sons 37 
 
 "Sanford" 38 
 
 J. B. Stump and Two of His Pets 40 
 
 Guthrie Bros 41 
 
 "Grandpa Hodson" 44 
 
 C. B. Guinn 43 
 
 Two-Year-Old Doe of Cline & Farley 45 
 
 Mrs. W. J. Farley 45 
 
 Thos. W. Brunk 46 
 
 W. J. Warfield 47 
 
 Toggenburg Goat 48 
 
 A Warfield Type 48 
 
 Geo. Houck 50 
 
 Bernheim & "Company" 51 
 
 Multnomah Mohair Mills 52 
 
 Geo. Martin 59 
 
 Wm. Ritchie 59 
 
 Angoras at Work m Lincoln County 6 
 
 A Dairy Scene in Lincoln County 67 
 
 69 
 
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