PROVIDENCE ^ifeMETRDPOnS OF OTTHEKN^ e^NEW '^:^. "GLAND ^ ^ PB0VD Of its HONOBABLE^ HLSTOIOr-- HAPPY in i^ PRESENT PROSPE- RITY^ CONFTOENTg^ itsY V T V B^E-« WHAT TO SEE OJ® WHAT TO DO Class. Book. V%t ■V>:. Copyright N°. COPYRIGHT DEPOSrr A Little Guide to Providence HIS little souvenir of Providence makes no pretentions of being a complete guide book, nor does it seek to take the place of the railroad and street car folders. The material has been gathered from many sources. Taking for granted that the remark- able commercial and industrial prosperity of our city has been more fully realized than its w^ealth of galleries, museums and public institu- tions, this book aims to call especial attention to aesthetic, historic and philanthropic Provi- dence. Written and Compiled by JESSIE BARKER GARDNER HENRY AMES BARKER Publishied by the PUBLICITY DEPARTMENT OF CITIZENS RECEPTION COMMITTEE Providence, 1907 Cop'TRiaHTEZ) 1007, Jessib Bakkkr Oarditek L16RAR.Y..o( GONSKESS Two Copies Receivet! NOV 21 190? Copyrielit Entry OUSS/I XXc, No, TO HOLD FORTHaLIVEiy EXPERIMENT THAT^MOST FLOVRISHING CML SX4TE MAY ST^^ND && BEST BE MAINTAINED WITH EVLL LIBERTY IN RELIGIOVS^ CONCERNMENTS^ ^ ^ Introduction to Providence HOTELS. The I'dlcs giren are for ,'d in I.'rovidence, including: FREEMAN'S, 39 Weybosset Street. Open till 8. GAMMONS, 85 Westminster Street. Open till 8. HOF BRATJ, 14-22 Garnet Street. Open till mid- night. Well spoken of. Quaint German architecture. MA CREATE 'S, 30 Middle Street. Open till midnight. MX'MFORD'S, 110 Westminster Street. Open till 8 o'clock. RE^'ERF., ll(i Dorrance Street. (Gentlemen only). RUSTIC IXX, Hotel Xewman, 28 Aborn Street. Open till midnight. TILLIXGHAST'S, 37-39 Westminster Street. There are numerous restaurants, typical of A'arious nationalities, especially German, I'rench, Italian and Chinese. Dairy Lunches are also numerous and most of them "Always Open." CARRIAGES. Can be secured at the Hack Office window in the station. Rates of F.are. Hackney Carriage: For each passenger from one place to another within the City not exceeding one mile, 50 cents. For ea(4i additional mile or fraction of a mile, 25 cents. By the hour — For the first hour, $2.00, each subsequent hour, $1.50. All distances shall bo computed liy straight lines on the map of the City. One trunk and one valise, Saddlebag, Portmanteau, bundle or other articles used in traveling, free. Every additional trunk or other article above named 10 cents. HOPKIXS TRAXSFER CO. is the authorized baggage express at the station. Offices in general waiting room and baggage room. Rate to any part of the city, 25 cents. G.\RAGES. Automobiles may be hired, from Davis Automobile Co., 7 Dorrance Street; R. I. Motor Car Co., 3 69 Broad Street; White Automobile Co., 179 Aborn Street; Kast Side Auto Station, 200 Meeting Street; Crown Garage, 127 Pine Street, and many otliers. LIVERY STABLES in Central District: Billings, 60 Union Street; What C'heer, 224 Benefit; Copeland, 170 Benefit Street; Trinity Square Stable, Trinity Square. BOATING. (Ste Canoe and Yacht Clubs') EXCURSIONS AND SHORT TRIPS. (30 minutes to one half day) INTERESTING WALKS SUGGESTED. 1 . Via Market Square past old Market House (Board of Trade Building), up College Street, by the ('ourt House to Puown rni\'ersity, visit Historical Society and (.'oUege buildings, then up Brown Street to Hope reservoir, notice east of Reservoir the Hope Stieet High School, the Brown School and Dexter Asylum (for the poor). Then turn west through soine cross street to Prospect, south to Bowen and west to Congdon and Prospect Terrace. Down Congdon to Angeli and BeJiefit, past First Baptist Church, University Club, School of Design, IVndleton Museum, Supreme Court Building, Providence Art Clul>, Tunnel entrance, of Consolidated R. R.; Arsenal (corner Meeting and Binefit) on to old State House and down through groiuids to North Main Street. Total about 3 miles, or to Brown University, to Prospect Terrace and back via Baptist Church and old State House, UJ miles. 2. — From Exchange Place under Uidon Station via Francis Street to State House, thence to Noimal School and returr. 1 mile. 3. — HistoricMl Tour. (See Historical Places and Colonial Architecture). This walk can easily be divided into two walks, each 1 mile in length, the first ending, and the second beginning at College Street. Starting from Arcarle (1828) on Westminister Street, proceed via Old Market House (1773) now occupied by Board of Trade. Note T.nblet. Roger Williams Bank Building, Franklin House and others on Market Sc^uare are picturesque old commercial buildings of early 19th century. Proceed via North Main Street (ancient Cheapside and Towne Street) past First Baptist Church and Clarendon Hotel (old school house 1768 and Friends Meeting house a few steps to the right on Meeting Street) past old State House. Site of Roger Williams original residence at present corner of Ho^sland Street. Rogers Williams Spring still flows in cellar of brick house, No. 244. St. John's church on the right. Climb hill to Benefit Street and walk South past Gov. Dorr House, 108 Benefit (Roger Willian.s' grave was in yard back of house); Whitnuui House; Old State House on the right and Mansion House, ("Golden Ball Imi") on the left; old arsenal on right, corner Meeting Street. Continue past Tunnel entrance. (Providence Art Club, 11 Thomas Street, just to the right); rear of First Baptist Meeting House; Supi'eme Court Building, on the left; School of Design buildings; Univi^rsity Club; Pendleton House, Memorial Hall; Beckwith House, (Handicraft Club); Athenaeuiri and Providence County Court House corner of College St; First Congregational Church, corner Benevo- lent Street (CraAvford Allen House, 10 Benevolent); (Hope Club next below). John Brown House, 52 Power (corner of Benefit) ; John Carter Brown House, 357 Benefit Street. Turn East on Williams Street, past Carrington House, number 66, and tiu-n north through Carrington Lane to Power Street, then through Brown Street (T. P. Ives House on northeast corner), passing Annmary Brown Memorial on right to Brown University Middle Campus. Return \'ia Front Canq^us and ^^an Wickle Gate? down College Street, to South Main Street. Turn to left on South Main Street. Gen. Barton House , number 38. Stephen Hopkins Hou.be, 9 Hopkins Street; Providt-nce Bank Buildinc;, number 78, built 1774 by Joseph Brown. (Bank estahhshed 1791,) and fine modern buildinp; of Providence Institution for Savings. Via Crawford Street to Market Sciuare. (About 2 miles.) COMBINATION W^ALK AND TROLLEY RIDES. 1. — Plainfield Street car via Westminster Street and Olneyville Square to Neutaconkanut Hill, 3h miles fSee Parks) Climb the hill and walk south to Great Boulder. ^^iew of city and surrounding districts, Xarragansett Bay, Fall River, etc., and over the Poca.sset ^^al]ey to south. Decend to Plainfield Street and return by car (about 2 hours) or walk east 5 minutes to Pocas.set Avenue, visit Dyers Nursery across little bridge and return by Dyer Avenue car. 2^ hours. 2.— Broad Street car to Poger Williams Vark. Walk through (1 mile) Return by Klmwood avenue car. 2 hours. 3. — Red Bridge car via Waterman Street, to Blackstone Park and Narragansett Boat Club on the Seekonk. Walk along the river road, noith, or A'ia Blackstone Boulevard to Butler Hospital and Swan Point Grounds, (H nules) returning \'m Dyer A\emie car. 2 to 3 hours. SHORT TROLLEY RIDES. (Time given one way) 1. — Centredale via Snnth Street passing over Fruit Hill. (5 miles, 30 miiuites). 2. — Roger Williams Park via Ehviwood Avenue (4 miles, 25 minutes). 3. — Pawtuxet Bridge via Broad Stieet (5 miles, 3o mimites) v.alk down Ocean Street to Yacht Club and Sh.eldon Street past the cove. 4. — State Institutions and City Water \\'orks, (7^ miles, 1 hour) via Roger Williams Park. 5. — Meshanticut Park (6^ miles, 45 minutes). 6. — Blackstone Boulevard (S^van Point car) passing Blackstone Park, Butler Hospital and Swan Point Cemetery (30 minutes). 7. — Crescent Park (7h miles, 40 minutes), passing Boyden Heights, Silver Spring, Vanity Fair, Riverside. 8. — Red Bridge via Waterman Street (15 nurmtes). Return via Angell Street. 9.— Hunt.s Mills (5 miles) via Agawam Hunt Club (3 miles), Wannamoisttt Club (31 miles, 30 minutes). BY AUTOMOBILE OR CARRIAGE. 1. — To Pawtuxet Neck and Cove (5 miles via Fort Independence, Fields Point, Narragansett Boulevard and R. I. Yacht Club. Return via Roger ^^ illiams Park and Flmwood Avenue. 2.-- To Fruit Hill reservoir (5 miles, beautiful view of tlie city) and Fyman Memorial, Fruit Hill A^■enue. Return pa.st State Home and School, Pleasant Valley Parkway and Da^•is Park. 3.— To Meshanticut Park and State Institutions (8 n liles) . Fine roads for long automobile rides (1 to 2 hours one way) Warwick Neck, East Greenwich, Narragansett Pier, Bristol, Barrington. 5 STEAMERS. For XaiTauansc'tt Hav n-sorts, iiuludinsj; Field's Point, Silver Sprinsi, Boyden Hrishtrf, I?iverside, \'anity Fair, Crescent Park, Kneky Point, Newport, Block Island, Bristol, Fall River and Seaconnet, leave from head of navigation near Crawford Street bridge at frequent inter\als in sunnner (3 niinutes \\aik from Exchange Place. ^ For New York, 2 lines leave Fox Point, loot ol J-outh Main Street, daily. For Norfolk and Baltimore 3 times a week from India" Street whai-f. Buzzards Bay, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket reached Aia New Bedford. (Long Island, Shelter Island, Fisher's Island, etc., via New London.) HE.\D OK NAMCA rlOX, PKOVIDKNCE KIVKU STEAM TRAINS. About 150 trains per day arrixe at, and as many depart from the Union Passenger Station on Exchange Place. These include 24 to Boston, 13 to New York, 9 to Worcester, 4 to Hartford, 9 to New Bedford, and numerous suburbans. They are all operated by the N. Y., N. H. & H. II. R. (See their "Eastern Division" folder and also the Providence Weekly Guide.) ELECTRIC TRAINS. From Fox Point Station (India Street, 20 minutes walk, or transfer cars from Market Square and Ex- change Place marked "Depots.") Trains for Warren and East Shore way .stations. Riverside, Barrington, etc., about every 15 minutes; Bristol and Fall River trains every 30 minutes; Newport via Fall River, 8 trains a day. Newport via Bristol and Bristol Ferry, frequent connections. (See N. Y., N. H. c'(: II R. R., "Ea.stern Division" folder.) TROLLEY CARS. Providence is the center of a good district of trolley lines extending .all over Rhode Island, Southeastern and Central Massachusetts and Eastern Connecticut. Cars for all parts of the city and suburbs from Market Square, Exchange Place and vicinity. Also longer lines direct to \\'oon- sockot, Attleboro." North Attleboro, Taunton and Brock- ton, Fall River and New Bedford, Newport (via Fall River or Bristol Ferry) Narragansett Pier aiid Point Judith, Danielson, Ct.^ Buttonwoods, River Point, etc., (about 60 lines.) See Providence Weekly Guide, Red Guide, Rental Guide, etc. Some pleasant trolley rides described under head of "Excursions." ART IN PROVIDENCE. With the Rhode Ishind Sfliool of Design, the Handieraft Ckih over the way, the Art Chib, Fleiir-de-lys and Athen- aeum close by, the Annmary Brown Memorial and Brown University with its fine collections of jjaintings and famous libraries, just up the hill, Pro\idence has an art and education centre unsurpassed in this country. AXXMARY BROWX MEMORIAL, Brown Street, near Bene\olent. Ancient and modern masters; early printing and illuminated numuscripts. Open 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. Free. ATHENAEUM, corner Benefit and College Streets. Library; paintings in gallery cHrectly above vestibule. Copy of (iilbert Stuart's ^^ ashington (the Lansdowne portj-ait) in reading room. Hours 9 a. m. to 6.30 p. m. in summer; 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. in Avinter. CITY HALI;. Portraits. Open to pultlic. Guide furnished. HANDICRAFl CLUB, corner College and Benefit Streets. Progressive club of arts and crafts. Exhibitions. Admission charged. MANNING HALL, Brown University. Reproductions of statuary, and paintings of the Acropolis by Walter Brown. Open Wednesday, 3 to 5 p. m. Satvn-day, 10 to 1 2 a. m. At other times can be seen through the courtesy of the Superintendent's office. PENDLETON HOUSE. Entrance through the R. I. School of Design, 11 Waterman Street. Wonderful collection of antique mahogany, rugs, mirrors, porcelains, china and silver. Open 2 to 5 p. m. daily. Monday, W^ednesday and Friday, 25 cents. Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday free. PROVIDENCE ART CLUB, 11 Thomas Street. From autumn until spring the gallery is almost always open to the pul))ic with interesting exhibitions of pictures. PROVIDENCE PUBLIC LIBRARY, Washington Street, corner Greene. Continuous exhibitions (photo- graphs, school work, etc.) in the Reading Room, second floor. RHODE ISLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY, 66 Water- man Street. Library and historical relics. Portraits on first floor; relics in gallery of second floor and west wing of third. Open to the public week days, 9 a. m. to 4 p. m. During August, 10 a. m. to 1 p. m. RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN, 11 Water- man Street. Oil and water color paintings, engra\ings, casts of masterpieces of sculpture. Japanese pottery, metal work, lacquer and textiles. Open to pul:>lic July 1 to September 15, 1 to 5 p. m. week days; 2 to 5 p.m. Sundays. September 15 to July 1, 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. week days; 2 to 5 p. m. Sundays. Monday, Wednesday and Friday, admission 25 cents; Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday, free. SAYLES HALL, Brown University. Most extensive collection of portraits in the State. TILDEN THURBER CO. Fine art store, Westminster Street, corner Mathewson. Frequent exhibitions of notable paintings. 7 BOARD OF TRADE. Occupies Old Market I'viildiua;, Maiket Square. Organ- ized 18G8. Xow contains about 1000 inenihers. Exerts much beneficial influence upon the cojiunercial lil'e of the city and in .■•.ll public affairs. Secretary, George H. ^^'ebb. ' i| 1' M A K K 1' r 111 n si; (Present lioard of Trade Builiiin;;) BUILDINGS. ANNMARY BROWN MEMORIAL. (See Museums). ARMORY, Cranston Street at Dexter Training Ground. Cost $500,000. Has the largest hall in the State. ARSENAL, Benefit Street, built 1840-3. Home of Providence Marine Corps of Artillery. ATHENAEUM. (See Libraries). CITY HALL, west end of Exchange Place. Erected 1874-8. Cost over $1,000,000. Fine lobby and Council chambers. Portraits of Henry Wheaton, diplomat and historian, Edward S. Rhodes, Ebenezer Knight Dexter, philanthropist, and all the Mayors since 1832. Bust of Rogers Williams over entrance. Guide will show visitors about the building. COURT HOUSE of Providence County (Superior Court) corner Benefit and College Streets. Completed 1877. Architecture, French Gothic, cost $225,000. Con- tains State Law Library. Historical painting in the main hall by C. R. Grant represents the return of Roger Williams with the first charter of the colony in 1644. COURT HOUSE, (Supreme Court) corner Benefit and Angell streets. FIRE DEPARTMENT HEADQUARTEPvS. Central Fire Station, east end of Exchange Place. OFFICE BUILDINGS. Most important are I'^'tniaan Building. Weybosset, cornet Exchange Street; Industrial Trust, Westminster and Exchange Streets and Exchange Place; Union Trust Co., \\'estuunster and Dorrance Streets; Butler Exchange, 123 Westminster Street. OLD MARKET BUILDING, Market Square, now occupied by the Board of Trade. Erected 1773 for a market, the windows in the lower floor were formerly the stalls. Third story added 1797. For the larger part of the last century it was used as the City Hall. The sug- gestion that the building be restored to its early appear- 8 ance with natural brick color is worthy of much com- mendation. Taljlet on west end of building commemo- rates the burning of British Taxed Tea, March 2, 1775. POLICE DEPARTMEXT IIEADQUARTP.RS. Cen- tral Police Station, Fountain Street. POOR DEPARTMENT HEAI)QIL\RTERS. Munici- pal Lodging House and Charity ^^'ood Yard, 616 Eddy Street. POST OFFICE, now building. East end of Exchange Place. To cost about $1,500,000. Clark and Howe architects. Regarded by architects as one of the finest government buildings outside of Washington. Present post ofiice is on ^^'eybosset Street, corner of Custom House Street. PROVIDENCE JOURNAL BUILDING, corner West- minster and Eddy Street — recently erected and notable for its ornate beauty. STATE HOUSE, often referred to as the "Marble Palace, " is situated upon the crest of Capitol Hill, over- looking the city in all directions and commanding a magnificent view of the upper harbor. This glorious build- ing is constructed of white marble and is distinguished by Drawn by Sidney Burleigh GILBERT STUART'S BIRTHPLACE having one of the few marble domes to be found in the entire world. Considered a triumph of masonary ; rises 235 feet above terrace level. Completed 1902, cost about $3- 200,000. McKini, Meade & White, architects. See Senate, House of Representatives, State Reception Room and State Library. In State Chamber is portrait of ^^'ashington by Gilbert Stuart; portrait of Gen. Greene to go opposite. In Secretary of State's office is original charter granted by King Charles in 1663 under which the colony, and after- wards the State, was governed until 1843; in corridors are portraits of Governors, celebrated portrait of Gov. Sprague; battle flags of R. I. Regiments in air tight cases in lower lobbies; Gettysburg gun. Grounds contain 17 acres. Reached via Francis Street from Exchange Place. In- scription on South Front of State House, "To Hold Forth a Lively Experiment That a Most Flourishing Civil State May Stand and Best be Maintained with Full Liberty in Religious Concerniiients." Inscription on North Side of State House, "Providence Plantations Pounded by Roger Williafns 1636. Provi- dence, Portsmouth, Newport, Licorporated by Parliament 1643. Rhode Island Providence Plantations Obtained Royal Charter 1663. In General Assembly Declared a Sovereign State May 4, 1776." Inscription around interior of Dome, "Kara Temporum Felicitas Ubi Sentire Quae ^^elis et Quas Sentias Dicere Licet." Tacitus. "Rare Felicity of the Times When it is Permitted to Think as You Like and Say What You Think." Visitors welcome — guides expect no fee. STATE HOUSE (old) built 1763, Benefit, North Main and Court Streets. Originally occupied by R. I. Colonial Assembly, which on May 4, 1776, two months prior to the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia, adopted the famous act renouncing allegiance to Great Britain. This was the first official Declaration of Independence made by any colony. The 131st anniversary of the event was celebrated in the same hall, May 4, 1907. Building now used by District Court. THK UISIUN STATION, PKOVIUENCJE UNION STATION, north of Exchange Place and City Hall Park, a long low series of buildings of plain but dignified arcliitecture, harmonizing admiral)ly with their surroimdings. Charles Zueblin, the writer upon municipal affairs regards this station as one of the most ideal and satisfactory in the country; used by 30,000 persons daily. Spoken of by railroad engineers as the best combination of double terminal and through station in existence, and as one of the l)est operating stations in the country. Cost $4,400,000. Three streets and a ri^■er run under the station. UxNION TRUST BUILDING. 18th century French architecture. Banking room pre-eminent in this country if not in the world for costly and elaborate decoration. Clarence Luce devised the color scheme and designeti the stained glass windows which contain reproductions of the seals of the great banking institutions of the world. Indian and Puritan (by Daniel French, over Dorrance Street entrance) are typical of the personages and ideals toward which New Englanders will always retain mingled feelings of pride and reverence. Y. M. C. A. BUILDING, Cathedral Square. (See Pliilanthropy and Charity). 10 Y. W. C. A. BUILDING, Washington Street. (See Philanthropy and Charity). See also Churches, Clubs, Hospitals, Hotels, Libraries, Museums, Philanthrojjy and Charity, Schools and Colleges, Theatres. CEMETERIES. The most important ones are North Burial Ground, of great interest historically, and Swan Point, notable for its beauty of landscape gardening. NORTH BURIAL GROUND (2 miles via Branch Ave. cars, and all Pawtucket cars except Hope Street line) on land set apart by the town about 1700. The western portion is very beautiful where the land falls off toward the IMoshassuck River. Among the noteworthy memor- ials are those to Thomas Smith ^^'ebb, founder of St. John's Encampment of Knights Templar in Rhode Island and Grand Master of Grand Encampment of the U. S. First President of Handel and Haydn Society of Boston. Chad Brown, one of the original proprietors of the Provi- dence Purchase, having been exiled from Massachusetts, died 166.5. Horace Mann, educator. General Barton, who distinguished himself by the capture of General Prescott, Conunander-in-Chief of the British forces in Rhode Island, 1777. Canonicus (See Historic Places). SWAN POINT, Blackstone Boulevard (Dyer Avenue and Swan Point car, 2^ miles). Park-like in natural beauty and artistic layout. Many costly memorials and fine works of art. Grovmds join those of Butler Hospital. River Road along the Seekonk particularly beautiful. THE "RorXD top" CHURCH CHURCHES. There are about 145 churches in Providence. The leading ones either for beauty or for historic interest are : BAPTIST. First Baptist Meeting House, occupies the square between North Main, Waterman, Thomas and Benefit Streets. Five minutes walk from Market Square. 11 Founded by Roger Williams, its first pastor. Its bell, made in London, bears the inscription, "This church was formed A. D. 1639, the first in the State and the eldest of the Baptists in America." The present edifice erected 1775, "for the worship of Almighty God and also to hold Commencements in" was designed by Joseph Brown and James Summer after Gibb's church of St. Martins-in-the-Fields, London, and is recognized as one of the finest specimens of Colonial architecture in America. Brown University Commencements have been held in this building since Revolutionary days. From time immemorial, the bell has been rung at sunrise, noon and at 9 o'clock in the evening, this last being known as the curfew bell. CONGREGATIONAL. Beneficent ("The Round Top") Weybosset Street, corner Abbott Park, 5 minutes from Market Square. Erected in 1809. Beautiful Colonial structure. Conspicuous for its dome and lantern. Central Congregational Church, Angell street corner Diman Place. Spanish Renaissance. (Several car lines including Butler Avenue and Elmgrove Avenue.) EPISCOPALIAN. Grace Church, corner Westminster and Mathewson Streets. Almost cathedral in its in- terior decorations and arrangements, and known as the Bishop's Church of the Episcopal Diocese. Handsome Gothic building erected 1845. Architect, Richard Upjohn. Beautiful stained glass windows. Chime of bells given by various indi\'iduals and corporations, the bell gi\'en by the First Light Infantry being accompanied by the con- dition that chimes should be rung on September 10th of each year, the anniversary of Perry's Victory on Lake Erie in the War of 1812. St. John's, North Main Street. Erected 1810. Old- est Episcopal chvirch in the city. (All Pawtucket cars excepting Hope Street.) St. Stephens, George Street, near Brown. High church service. (Any car up College Hill.) METHODIST. Mathewson Methodist Episcopal Church, Mathewson Street, near Westminister. (Com- bination business and ecclesiastical structure. ROMAN CATHOLIC. Blessed Sacrament, Academy Avenue. (Atwells and Academy A^-enue car.) Notable for its beauty and distinguished by a campanile. Design- ed by Heins and La Farge of New York. Stained glass windows are among the last work of this kind done by John LaFarge. Frescoes by his son. Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul. Junction Weybosset and W^estminster Streets, Cathedral Square. Seven minutes from Market Square. Built 1878. Brown stone, impressive interior. Five circular paintings in the ceiling and above the altars l)y Laniprecht; stained glass window by the Pustats of Innsbruch; cartoons by Kline, Munich; marble pillars by Theis and Trueg, Munich; statuary by Sibyl and Birk, New York. The decorator was Bodes of New York. Holy Name Church, Camp Street. (Camp Street car). Beautifiil structure of cream colored limestone, modelled after a church near Rome; exterior Romanesque with a campanile. Architect, James Murphy. Imposing facade with statue of the Sa^-ior in a lofty niche. Interior, Italian Renaissance. Above the colunms are heads of the Apostles after Thorwaldsen and della Robbia; windows by Mayer Bros., Munich; walls to be frescoed. UNITARIAN. First Congregational, (Unitarian) cor- ner Benefit and Benevolent Streets. Built 1815. 12 UNIVERSALIST. First Uniyersalist, corner Wash- ington and Greene Streets. Built 1871-72. Architect, Edwin L. Howland. Rich in memorials includino; a fine organ (completed 1907) and beautiful stained glass windows. CIVIC CENTRE. A noted Boston architect recently said, "Providence has taken advantage of an opportunity to create a beauti- ful Civic Centre such as any city in the world might envy and it has been the first of the large cities to achieve results along the lines to which so much modern thought is being given." The city has set aside for itself land A-alued at $3,000,000 and has converted it into a superb square and splendid garden and a railroad entrance unsurpassed in America. Exchange Place, a long, rectangular plaza that formerly, like most of the j^resent business district, was co\'ered by tide water, is in the very centre of the city. Around this area, the most notable buildings ai'e being placed. The City Hall stands on one end, and facing it is the beautiful Post Office, which the same enthusiast described as "the finest government building outside of Washington." City Hall Park, with the Bajnotti Fountain, extends along the wdiole length of the plaza in front of the station to welcome the coming of 30,000 daily travellers. But the Civic Centre of Providence is only half complete. As soon as the freight cars have been moved away from the \'ery door yard of the Capitol, the city and the state and railroads are expecting to do great things in the way of transformation. The large tract of land in the rear of the station will be converted into a public garden. Over beyond is the gentle eminence of Capitol Hill. To the left stands the splendid new Normal School in a beautiful garden where once were ugly foundries and the old State prison. On the opposite side of Francis Street the land has been swept clear of a motley collection of ramshackle rookeries and the massive State House rears its classic marble portico and its magnificent great dome against the sky. A happy harmonizing of dignified lines and excjuisite detail is this building of the State,— one of the most noble buildings of America and an everlasting joy to all who look upon it. Al)ove the plaza upon the east is the attractively varied sky line of College Hill, its richness of summer foliage obscvu'ing all but the highest roofs and the graceful spires of the — "aristocratic section," and crowned by interesting buildings of the old University. Toward the west, the channel of the Woonasquatucket River with broad streets on either side gives opportunity for a particularly desiralile boulevard to Davis Park and onward by means of the new Pleasant Valley Parkway to the hitherto much neglected northwest corner of the city. CLIMATE. The location of Pro^■idence gives her advantages over many other cities. Sheltered by her northern hills from the se\ere storms of the New England winter, and with the heat of the sunnner sun tempered by the pre^"ailing In-eezes from her broad bay, .she enjoys a climate that is much less susceptible to \iolent changes than that of any other large city in New Englan*!. It is mild in \\ inter and in\igorating and healthful in summer. Rhode Island is much less variable in climate than the other New England States, although there is considerable difference between the northern and southern portions. The foliage of the north meets here the foliage of the 13 south and niany species that are of disthictly northern character and are not found anywhere south of Rhode Island, grow side by side with other varieties that here find their northern limit. CLUBS. The diversity of the clubs in and around Providence gives a vivid idea of the character of its people and of their occupations and enjoyments. Besides the usual assortment of business clubs and social clubs belonging to a large city, there are an extraordinary number of clubs of varied interests and individuality. The Hope and University Clubs lead in a purely social way, while among the many musical, artistic and literaiy clubs, the Providence Art Club and the Handicraft are the most notable. The celebrated Squantum Club and the Pomham Club have fine estates on the shores of Narragansett Bay and numerous country clubs, like the Agawam and Wannamoisett (East Providence, Rumford car") possess extensive grounds and fine tennis courts and golf links. College fraternity houses are every year beconsing more niunerous. Some of the clubs that represent various nationalities like the Deutsche Gesellschaft and several Italian societies are very prosperous. There are cricket and polo clubs with grounds of their own, and boat clubs of every size and kind. The Narragansett Boat Club makes a specialty of rowing. Nearly 1000 sailboats and steam yachts belong to the Rhode Island, Edgewood and other yacht clubs near Pawtuxet, and canoe clubs are rapidly increasing in number. The following are the most important clubs: CANOE CLUBS. The Pawtuxet, Raskatchewan and Swastika have houses on Pawtuxet river, near Rhodes place, (Broad Street cars). The Wonkituck, Minne-ska and \N'achusett on the Ten Mile, East Providence (RuiTiford or Phillips- dale car) ; Conockonoquit, on Omega Pond at mouth of Ten Mile River (Rumford car); Narragansett on Seekonk River (Red Bridge car, Rimiford or Phillipsdale). CITY CLUBS. BROWN UNION. Middle campus, Brown University. For students and graduates. DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT. Corner Niagara Street and Atlantic Avenue. (Broad Street car to Atlantic Avenue). 267 members. Social German club. HANDICRAFT CI JIB. Occupies the "Beckwith House," a beautiful Colonial mansion, cornei- of College and Benefit Streets. Object to promote love of art and en- courage indivi(hial work in the Handicrafts. Women, 150 members. HOPE CLUB. 6 Benevolent Street. Fine building. 320 members. Social club for men. PROVIDENCE ART CLUB. 11 Thomas Street, op- posite First Baptist Meeting House. Ocoipies a very quaint old mansion built about 1792. Cabaret with fireplace and brick ovens built 1767. Object, to promote love of art. 485 members. From autumn until spring the gallery is open to the public with interesting exhibitions of pictures. On I'homas Street see' also Fleur-de-ly.s studios. PROVIDENCE CAMERA CLI'B. 123 Eddy Street. Annual exhil^ition. 14 PROVIDENCE CENTRAL CLUB. 289 Weybosset Street. 350 members. Social ckib for men. PROVIDENCE CRICKET CLT B. Grounds Reservoir vVvenue. (Reservoir and Butler Avenue car). PROVIDENCE POLO CLUB. Grounds at Rumford. (Rumford car line). R. I. AUTOMOBILE CLUB. 16 Garnet Street. Hof Brau Haus building. 220 members. R. I. WOMEN'S CLUB. Churchill House, 155 Angell Street. Large membership. UNIVERSITY CLUB. Occupies Colonial mansion corner Benefit and Waterman Streets. 400 members. Men's social club for university graduates. WATER COLOR CLUB. About 70 members. Meet at each other's studios and exhibit each year at the Art Club. WEST SIDE CLI'B. 1029 Westminster Street, will soon occupy new cjuarters corner Washington and Aborn Streets. 232 memlaers. Social club for men. COUNTRY CLUBS. AGA\\ AM KUNT. North Broadway, East Providence, at Ten Mile River. 403 members, men and women. (Rum- ford or Phillipsdale car). METACOMET GOLE CLUB. Pawtucket Avenue. 214 members. (Rumford car). POMHAM CLUB. East Providence, bet>veen Silver Spring and Riverside, on bluff oveilooking bay, about 4 miles below city. 1S4 members, men. (Crescent Park or Bristol trolley or electric train from. Fo.k Point.) SQUANTUM CLUB. Beautiful estate overlooking Narragansett Bay, three miles below the city. East Providence shore north of Silver Spring. 200 m.embers, men. (Crescent Park or Bristol trolley or electric train from Fox Point.) WANNAMOISETT GOLF CLUB. Bourne Avenue, corner Hoyt, East Providence. 370 members, men and women. (Rumford car.) YACHT AND BOAT CLUBS, NARRAGANSETT BOAT CLUB. Seekonk river at Blackstone Park. 124 members. (Rumford and Phillips- dale cars.) R. I. YACHT CLUB. Foot of Ocean Street, Pawtuxet. 363 membei'S. (Bi-oad Street cars.) PROVIDENCE CORINTHIAN YACHT CLUB, Allen Avenue, foot of Seymour Street. 120 members. (Eddy Street car.) EDGEWOOD YACHT CLUB. .506 members. (Edge- wood cars.') Foot of Shaw Avenue, Edgewood. PAWTUCKP:T boat club. Seekonk river below Division Street, Pawtucket. WASHINGTON PARK YACHT CLUB. 11 Alabama Avenue. 276 members. (Edgewood and Washington Park car.) COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE. The student or lover of Colonial arcliitecture finds Providence a rich field. While New York and Boston have almost nothing left of the grand epoch, and "Hart- ford and New Haven have been done over, and badly done at that ' ' Providence is still architecturally very interesting. Many magnificent mansions still survive in their old time grandeur and other landmarks, humble but archi- tecturally admirable, are scattered all over the lower East Side, and less frequently in other neighborhoods. 15 Within the radius of a few squares, one may ol)tain many charming glimpses of Colonial scenery each one possessing "Anglo Saxon home feeling," and testifying to the taste and skill of its builder, and the skill of the mechanics, all of whom had probably served an appren- ticeship of some years in England or the same time in this country with those who had come from England and brought with them English traditions of the Georgian period, and the books on architecture of Sir Wm. Cham- Ijers, James (iibbs and others. Angell Street, No. 296 (corner Diman Place) Diman House, built ISOO. Benefit Street, (See Historic Places) Ccornerourt Street, Okl State House (See Buildings). Corner South Court Street, Golden Ball Inn (See Historic Places). Between Thomas and Waterman Streets, First Baptist Meeting House. No. 109 (corner Bowen) Dorr House, built 1809 and adapted from the Poe Villa at Twickenham. No. 218, Pendleton House, Colonial Museum connected with the Rhode Island School of Design is a notable reproduction of the best early American arcliitecture. At corner of College Street, Beckwith House, now the Handi- craft Club, Iniilt about 1820. No. 357, John Carter Brown House, built 1791. Joy Wheeler Dow in his delightful American Renaissance says of this house, "It has just the atmosphere that reaches the inner man, and that is the atmosphere I want." Benevolent Street, No. 12. (corner Magee) CraAvford .411en house, built about 1810. AN EAST SIDE COLONIAL MANSION (The John Brown House, built 1786) Brown University, University Hall, (See Schools and Tal)lets). George Street, No. 2, (corner Benefit) built about 1814. Market Square. Old Market Building, built 1773 by Joseph Brown and Stejihen Ilojikins (See Buildings). North Main Street, No. 1 18, Clarendon Hotel, built 1775. First Baptist Meeting- Hou.se; Old State House (See Buildings): St. John's Church. Power Street, No. 52, John Brown House. Built 1786 by Joseph Brown (who also designed First Baptist Meeting 16 House, Providence National Bank, and Old Market Build- ing). Perhaps the finest Colonial mansion in New Eng- land; Washington and other prominent men have been entertained here and many interesting relics are preserved of their visits. Now contains the finest private Shake- spearean collection in the w'orld. (See Marsden J. Perry Library). Power Street, northeast corner of Brown, Thomas Poynton Ives House, built 1816. South Main Street, No. 78, Providence National Bank. Designed by Joseph Brown and built 1774 as his home. (See Historic Places). Thomas Street, No. 11, Providence Art Club. Waterman Street, No. 72 (opposite Brown Union) Edward Dexter House, built 1796. Westminster Street, Arcade (See Historic Places). Weybosset Street, Beneficent Congregational Church. Williams Street, No. 66, Carrington House, built 1813. COMMERCE. ProAddence has the finest and safest harbor entrance on the northern Atlantic coast. Narragansett Bay, NA'hich is about thirty miles long and three to twelve niiles broad, embracing an area of some 300 square miles, is practically land locked, and safe during the most A'iolent storms. Providence lies at the head of the western arm of the Bay, miles beyond the range of projectiles fro)n a hostile fleet. The wide area between the junction of the I'ivers at Fox Point, and their exit into the Bay, between Field's and Kettle Point, is cidled the "outer harbor." When the dredging now in progress by the National Government is finished, the harbor will have a luiiform depth of 25 feet, including an anchorage area of 171 acres. Above Fox Point the inner harbor is under the sole care of the city. The favorable possibilities of the port oft'er inducements to unlimited capital for investment in wharfage property, shipping, and in coastwise and fon^gn commercial and passenger service. There is ample space along the water fiont for warehouses and for manufacturing plants of endless variety, which have unrivaled facilities for recei\-- ing raw material and dispatching the finished product of manufacture, at the least possible expenditun; in handling. Situated as Providence is, in the centre of a great Uianu- facturing district, it ought to be a great importing and exporting centre. It still lacks adequate railroad approaches from the west and north which are called for by its position of commercial ad\'antage at the head of Narragansett Bay, the natiual distributing point for New England of all things that come in ships. HISTORIC PLACES. ARCADE, built 1828, in the form of an Ionic Greek Temple. Its pillars are the largest monoliths in America excepting those of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York. They are 22 feet long and 3 feet in diameter. They were cut by hand in the town.of Johnston. On Westminster Street, the pediment is triangular, on Weybosset Street, rectangular, the explanation being the difference in taste of the two architects, Russell Warren and James Bucklin who compromised in this way. Napoleon's building, the Madeleine in Paris, is thought to have been the stimulus for erecting the seven or eight arcades which sprang up in the United States about the 17 time this one was completed. It is said that none but the one in Providence now stands, this loneliness adding to its fame. BROWN UNIVERSITY (See schools.) CAMPING GROUND of Troops from France (See Tablets, page 30) CANONICUS MEMORIAL, Sachems Glen, North Burial Ground. When Roger AVilliams, an exile and wan- derer, sought the banks of the Moshassuck, Canonicus, Chief of the Narragansetts received the outcast with kind- ness, supplied his wants and stayed his wanderings by conveying him land. Thenceforth, Roger AMIliams and Canonicus were firm and fast friends, and their hdelity and affection for each other never wavered. The found- ing of this little state therefore was due to two utterly incongruous elements, persecution and love; — the per- secution of a Clu-istian by his fellow Christians, and the love of barbarous heathen for the object of that persecu- tion. EARTHWORKS, Reservoir Avenue, nearly opposite Mashapaug Pond, (Reservoir and Butler Avenue car.) Part of old wall and ditch constructed during second war with England. Originally extended from Fort Indepen- dence at Fields Point to Mashapaug Pond. EAST SIDE, the oldest section of the city. Here can be found the University, and many interesting streets with delightful examples of Colonial architecture. (See Colonial Architecture.) FIRST BAPTIST MEETING HOUSE (See Churches.) FORT INDEPENDENCE, 110 feet long by 60 wide. Shortly after the Battle of Bunker Hill when British ships threatened an attack on Providence, the people in town meeting assembled ordered intrenchments "hove up" be- tween Fields Point and Sassafras Point, appointing Cap- tain Nicholas Power to superintend the construction. Townspeople of every trade and profession proceeded to fortify "the hill to the south of the house of William Field." The British fleet after beseiging Newport bombarded Bristol on October 7, 1775, but were evidently kept from Providence by the warlike preparations. (See Parks.) GASPEE POINT, seven miles from Providence via Pawtuxet. (See History.) GOLDEN BALL INN, now the Mansion House, corner Benefit and South Court Streets, nearly opposite the old State House. Opened in 1784 under the name of the Golden Ball Inn with corresponding sign — it is the oldest pul)lic house now standing in Providence. As soon as Congress adjourned in 1790, President Washington, with a party in which were Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State, Gov. Clinton, and others, visited the new State of Rhode Island, wliich had only the May before adojited the Constitution. He took passage on a packet arriving in Providence at four o'clock in the afternoon, August 18th. From the wharf, he was escorted by a procession which included representatives of the college, to the Gold- en Ball Tavern. This procession is said to have "exceed- ed anything of the kind ever exhibited in this town." Upon his arrival at the Tavern, the President reviewed the procession and then retired from public gaze. Just as he was taking leave of his p;'rty, for the night, lie was informed that the students of the college had illuminated it and would be highly flattered if he should visit them. Though the weather was disagreeable and President ^^'ashington was imaccustomed to going out nights, he and his party accepted the students' invitation and "made a nocturnal procession" to the college which one of his party said was well worth seeing, being splendidly illumin- 18 ated. The next day the President, accompanied by Gov. Fenner, climbed to the roof of University Hall in order "to view the beautiful and extensive prospect." President Munroe, Gen. Lafayette and James Russell Ijowell have all found entertainment at this inn. HOPKINS HOUSE, Admiral Esek (See Parks.) HOPKINS HOUSE, 9 Hopkins Street. Residence of Stephen Hopkins, a statesman whose leadership, previous to and during the Revolution, cannot be overestimated. He was colonial governor of Rhode Island for nine years, chief justice, and signer of the Declaration of Independ- ence. In 1804, the house was moved from the foot of the hill to its present location, the side formerly facing on South Main Street being kept turned toward that street. General Washington passed a night here in 1775. MANSION HOUSE, (See Golden Ball Inn.) NARRAGANSETT BAY. Here was committed the first hostile act against the British when in 1769 the New- port people sank his Majesty's armed sloop "Liberty" and burned her boats; and here was shed the first blood of the Revolution, when in 1772, Providen(>e and Bristol men captured and destroyed the British schooner "Gaspee" and wounded her commander. NORTH BURIAL GROUND. (See Cemeteries.) OLD MARKET BUILDING. (See Buildings.) PAWTUXET, meaning Little Falls, a small village at the mouth of the Pawtuxet River, five miles from Providence. A settlement was made here in 1638 by four men from Providence, and the place has had since then a distinct existence. Quaint old fishing village with ancient houses clustered about a picturescjue cove filled with pleasure boats of all kinds. Fine summer cottages on the Neck. (Edgewood and Pawtuxet car.) PROVIDENCE ART CLUB (See Clubs.) PROVIDENCE INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS, 86 South Main Street. Oldest savings bank in the State. Incorporated 1819. Fine example of architecture; different from anything else in the city. PROVIDENCE NATIONAL BANK, 78 South Main Street. Incorporated 1791. Oldest banking institution in the State. (See Colonial Architecture.) ROGER WILLIAMS GR.VVE, site, northeast corner Benefit and Bowen streets. ROGER WILLIAMS HOUSE, Rock, Seekonk house and Spring, (See Tablets page 31.) STATE-HOUSE, (old). (See Buildings.) STREETS. (See Colonial Architecture.) Half way up College Hill and running at right angles to it is Benefit Street, one of the finest old residential thoroughfares of Providence. The tide of building improvement has passed it by, but there was no more stately or dignified street in the city. Either directly upon it or near at hand there have grown up several institutions of a public or semi-public character well worth visiting. (See Colonial Architecture and Proposed Walks under Introduction to Providence). MARKET SQUARE AND WEYBOSSET BRIDGE, at lower end of Westminster Street. Old buildings around east side are interesting for quaint architecture. Site of old fording place, and later colonial drawbridge. TOWNE STREET, now North and South Main Streets, was at first merely a shore road, on the east side of the Providence river, running along in front of the "planta- tions" or "home lots." It led from Fox Point up into the country. Gradually lanes, finally widened and 19 fenced as streets were opened eastward, such as Olney and Power .Streets. WESTMINSTER STREET was opened in 1763 when a movement was proposed to establish a new Township on the west side named Westminster, now the centre of retail trade. WEYBOSSET STREET. After the building of Wey- bosset Bridge (Great Bridge") in 170J, roads were opened westward, Weybosset and Broad Streets leading to Paw- tuxet. TRANSIT STREET, so n.-uned from the fact that in 1769, Joseph Brown and his brother Moses took an ob- servation of the transit of Venus, from this point, import- ing the instrunients for the purpose. TURK'S HEAD, east junction of Westminster and Weybosset Streets at Exchange Street received its name from an image which with open mouth, and turban crown- ed head, formerly stood here. HISTORY. (See also Roger Williams) "Territorially Rhode Island is small. So was Rome during the years of her proudest deeds. So was Athens always. So were Macedon and Phoenicia and Palestine. States are not great or small according to their miles, and as the little birthtown of the Christ, Bethleham, in the land of Juda, was not least among the Princes of Juda, so Rhode Island, diminutive as she is physically, is far from least among the princely constituents of this republic. Rhode Island was first of the old thirteen, both by de- claration and by overt act to renounce allegiance to George III. She founded the American navy and its most splen- did achievement to date stands eternally associated with a Rhode Island name. All the world knows how, in the Eerson of Oliver Hazard Perry at the immortal battle of ake Erie, we of Rhode Island "Met the enemy and they were ours." In sending \\^ashingt<)n his best subordinate comman- der in the Re\olutionary War, the matchless Nathaniel Greene, Rhode Island had great part also in founding our army. As an early constitution framer, Stephen Hop- kins is worthy to be classed with Benjamin Franklin." Thus has Dr. E. Benjamin Andrews set forth, in a notable address, some of the things for which Rhode Island may claim renown. During the stirring events that preceded the formation of the union, the town joined heartily with the state in all great moA'emonts, many of which she originated. Above all else, be it known that she was the first to recog- nize religious liberty and to try in a practical way the great experiment of separating Church and State. The story of liberty cannot properly be written without some reference to the "I>ively Experiment" instituted by Roger Williams. The settlement of Providence stood for a definite ideal, It meant something to civilization, for Providence stood for freedom of thought when freedom was elsewliere unknown. Short as is the history of this State and but a little span in the world's great history, it has nevertheless been long enough for the principles of its great and prophetic founder to extend far beyond the seas, and the voice of liberty is calling around the world. The popular spirit in Providence was signally shown in 1772 in the burning of His Majesty's armed revenue schooner, the Gaspee, grounded on Nanquit Point, while chasing a sloop lielonging to John Brown. This eminent merchant led the chase across the sand bar which was 20 k covered by water at high tide, well knowing that while he could get across, the Gaspee must be grounded. At his call, volunteers mustered by the score to burn the hated vessel, and manning eight long boats under the command of Abraham Whipple, swooped down at night iipozi their quarry. After an exchange of shots in which the British Commander was wounded and the first blood in the Re\olution spilt, they captured the crew, put them ashore, then set the Gaspee on fire, and retiring saw it burst into flames and paint the midnight sky with lurid portent of the approaching conflict. It was a patriotic and retaliatory, but illegal act. Neverless, its perpetrators were safe though large rewards were offered for their discovery, because the people who did not participate in it were of the same mind with those who did. The English commander knew well enough who the leader was, however, and history records the following letter: "You, Abraham Whipple, on the 10th day of June, 1772, burned His Majesty's vessel, the Gaspee, and I will hang you at the yard arm;" and the reply: "Sir James W^allace — Always catch a man before you hang him." (From Oration By Prof. Alonzo Williams) 1. "Rhode Island was the first to instruct her officers to disregard the Stamp Act and to insure them indemnity for so doing." 2. She was the first to support the resolutions passed by the House of Burgesses in ^^irginia in 1769 declaring that in them alone was vested the right of taxation. Rhode Island had explicitly declared the same thing four years earlier. 3. The people of Providence in town meeting assem- bled was the first authorized body to recommend the permanent establishment of a Continental Congress, May 17, 1774, and the General Assembly of Rhode Island was the first to appoint delegates thereto on June 15, 1774. These were Samuel ^^'aI■d and Esek Hopkins. 4. Rhode Island formally declared her independence of Great Britian, May 4, 1776, two months before the 21 Declaration of Independence by Congress. She is thus the oldest independent sovereign government in the western world. 5. Rhode Island was the first to brave royalty in arms and she spilled the first blood in the War for Inde- pendence. Before Lexington (April 19, 1775) even before the famous Boston "Tea Party," Decenilier 16, 1773, men of Newport had sunk His Royal Majesty's armed sloop Liberty, July 19, 1769, and men of Providence had sent up the Gaspee in flames, June 9-10, 1772. 6. Rhode Island was the first state to create a Navy of her own. She gave the command to Abraham \\'hipple, who forthwith captiu'ed the first prize (the tender of the British frigate Rose, then off Newport) and fired the first cannon at the Royal Navy, June 15, 1775. 7. Rhode Island was the first to recommend and urge upon Congress the establishment of a Continental Navy, Congress heeded the recommendation and chose Rhode Island to execute the plans, ^^'hcn the fleet was built our townsman, Esek Hopkins, was appointed first Com- mander-in-Chief (then so called) and three fourths of all the officers Avere from the little State of Rhode Island, whose bold mariners were the very vikings of the American Revolution. 8. Rhode Island not only struck the first successful blow for freedom, but it took the final step as well, for when the war of the Revolution was over, it was the last of all the states to sign the Federal Constitution. Be- cause Rhode Island hesitated to surrender to the Fed- eral Government, the liberties enjoyed under her charter, the most liberal ever granted a colony, shall detractors still continue to charge her with a lack of patriotism? History answers. In proportion to her size and population, none of the thirteen States can compare with little Rhode Island in contributions to the Continental Loan. Though her State treasury was exhausted and largel}' in debt by reason of expenses incurred during the French War, yet how nobly, how generously, how patriotically she responded to the urgent call, history l^ears witness. The accounts of the Continental liOan Office in 1783 show that only four States contributed more than Rhode Island, diminu- tive as she was. Again, Rhode Island contributed not only as nmch money, but also proportionally as many men to the com- mon cause as any State, and they fought in eA'ery great battle under Washington during the War. I forbear, lest there be nothing of the first grade during this period left for the other States." HOSPITALS. The most important are: BRADLEY ESTATE, Fruit Hill, to be a hospital for infirm children. BUTLER HOSPITAL for nervous and mental dis- orders, is richly endowed. Its magnificent grounds, laid out by Olmsted, are open to the public. RiA'er road particularly beautiful. Elizabethan buildings luxuriously furnished. Maintains highest standard of excellence. Accommodates 200 patients. Situated between Black- stone Boulevard and Seekonk River. (Dyer Avenue and Swan Point car.) CITY HOSPITAL for treatment of contagious dis- eases, to be built corner Eaton and Hillwood Streets. Grounds, 25 acres in extent. 22 The following; three hospitals are maintained by pri- vate subscriptions and State and City appropriations: PROVIDENCE LYING-IN HOSPITAL, 96 State Street. (Douglas Avenue car to State Street.) Opened 1885. About 350 women confined each year. RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL, Eddy Street (Eddy Street cars.) Third largest hospital in New England. Fine buildings in beautiful grounds. Founded 1863. General hospital. Treats about 5,000 cases a year in the house. Noted for its outpatient department which treats 35,000 persons a year. Maintains magnificent estate on the shore of Narragansett Bay used as a summer hospital for children. SAINT JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL (Roman Catholic) corner Broad and Peace Streets (Broad Street cars.) Treats about 1400 cases a year in the ho'use. Maintains also an outpatient department; and tuberculosis depart- ment for 30 patients at Hillsgrove. LIBRARIES. From earliest times the people of Providence have been readers and collectors of books, and the three public libraries established before the Revolution are all vig- orous and useful. As early as 1753, the Providence Library was founded, following the example of Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia. The purpose was to furnish a home library that would have a better selected and more A^aluable collection of books than that within the means of any individual shareholder. There were almost no libraries in existence at that time, and when it is con- sidered that the original library was consumed by fire in 1758, and that in 1768 the population of Providence was only 3869, a collection of 1000 volumes belonging to a private association speaks well for the taste and liberality of our forefathers. The following are the principal libraries: ANNMARY BROWN MEMORIAL. (See Museums). ATHENAEUM, chartered in 1836, was formed by the union of the Providence Library, founded in 1753, and the old Providence .Athenaeum established in 1831. It is a proprietary library, a type gaining in popularity in competition with free public libraries, but may be visited by the pulilic. It has now over 70,000 volumes and is especially rich in books upon art and bound files of period- icals. The building, Grecian Doric in style, encloses within the sterness of its granite walls an interior that in genuine library charm is without a superior in America. It consists of virtually one large room divided by book- cases into alcoves. — glorious retreats either for browsing, for study or for tete-a-tetes. In these alcoves, Poe and Mrs. Whitman carried on their literary courtship. Share- holders and members of their families have access to the bookshelves, and this privilege of personally inspecting the volumes before deciding on selections is one of the characteristic features of the Athenaeum, for it carries out the home idea which predominates the institution. Art Room. (In gallery directly above vestibule.) P.MNTINGS ON WeST WaLL. Wandering Jew. Horace Vernet, French School. James Percival, 1795-1856. American poet and geologist. .Alexander. Mrs. Sarah Helen Whitman. (Frame came originally from Gilbert Stiuirt). C. G. Thompson. A writer of poetry and prose, and noted for her romance with Poe. On one of their visits to the Athenaeum 23 24 together in 1848, Mrs. Whitman expressed a wish to show him a cliarmiug poem in the American Review for Decem- ber, 1847. Poe smiled and admitted that he himself was the author. The librarian brought the magazine and Poe's signature to the verse was secured. Cavalier of the time of Charles I. Van Dyke. The Hours. Edward Green Malbone, born in Newport 1777, died 1809. This gem of art in water colors upon a single sheet of ivory six inches by seven was painted in London in 1801. Speaking of it. Sir Benjamin West, President of the Royal Academy said, "I have seen a picture painted by a young man named Malbone which no man in England could excel." In 1854, it was bought for $1200 and pre- sented to the Athenaeum. The miniature represents a group of three female figures. In 1881, the Athenaeum was burglarized and The Hours, together with several other art treasures was stolen. A sufficient reward finally discovered it in New York. It is kept under lock and key in a carved wooden shrine. The Hours and Malbone's miniature of Nicholas Power can be seen only by courtesy of the lil)rarian. Edward Green Malbone, a world famous artist of Rhode Island birth, was to the art of miniature painting wdiat Gilbert Stuart was to portraiture, and "whoever writes the history of American art will have failed to do justice to the subject if he omit the name of Malbone." He died at the early age of 32. Theophila Palmer. Sir Joshua Reynolds. This is a porti-ait of Sir Joshua Reynolds' favorite niece when about 16 years of age. It was among the pictures sent by him to the exh.ibition of the Royal Academy in 1771 and entered in the catalogue as "A Girl Reading" and on Horace Walpole's copy of the catalogue was designated as "charming." Edward G. Malbone — photograph of the portrait by himself in the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D. C. President Zachary Taylor. C. A. Foster. Two Italian Boys. Artist unknown. East Wall Paintings. Cyrus Butler — who gave largely to the Athenaeum. John Hampden. 1594-1643, English statesman and cousin of Oliver Cromwell. Gaudy. Washington Allston, 1779-1843, American poet and painter. Chester Harding 1792-1866. Harding painted this portrait for his own use and pleasure and speaks of it as one of his happiest efforts. Edward G. Malbone. Unfinished sketch, by himself. Inlaid Chinese Table. Bust of Albert Jones, who estalilished Jones Fund for the purchase of art books. Main Library Room. Joseph Ely. Portrait of former president. Hugo Bruel. Reading Room. George Washington. Copy by an Italian artist of Gilbert Stuart's full length portrait of Washington. Original painted for the Marquis of Lansdowne. Hours. September 20 to May 31, 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. June 1 to September 19, 9 a. m. to 6.30 p. m. Closed on IMemorial Day, Fourtli of July, I^abor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. BROWN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, founded in 1767, occupies a Venetian Gothic building, corner Prospect and Waterman Streets. It contains 140,000 volumes, including the Harris library, which is the largest collection 25 of Anieiican poetry in the world; the Whoatoii collection of Interntitional Law and the liider coUeetion, vuiiciue in the rarity of its material on the history of Rhode Island. It also contains many objects of delightful historic interest; a beautiful hall clock which once belonged to Admiral Esek Hopkins; the chair used by Plorace Mann wlien a student at Brown; a table in which the college li!)rary was stored at Wrentham, Mass., during the Revolu- tion ; a daguerreotype of Poe taken in Providence and given l)y liim to Mrs. Whitman on the day they became engaged; Eliot's Indian liible with shorthand marginal notes l)y Roger Williams, and manuscript letters of Washington, (!rant, Hay and others. Open during term time 9 a. m. to 11 p. m. on Aveek days; 2 to 11 p. m. Sundays; during vacations from 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. JOHN CARTER BROA\'N LIBRARY. Begun before the Revolution and presented to Brown University in 1901. As a collection relating to the history of North and South America down to the end of 1800 it stands without a peer. It also contains specimens of early printing. It is the one library in the world that must be consulted by every first-hand investigator into the discovery, exploration, settlement and colonial history of all parts of the two Americas, and with its endowm(»nt of half a million dollars it niay be expected to maintain the supremacy it has won. The beautiful building of modified Greek architecture in which it is accommodated was dedicated in May, 1904. Open daily from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. It may be consulted by all properly qualified students or investigators upon application to the librarian. JOHN HAY MEMORIAL LIBRARY, Prospect Street, facing the front campus is to be built to accommodate the Brown University Library which long since outgrew its cjuarters. Named in honor of the late Secretary of State who was an alumnus of Brown. MARSDEN PERRY'S wonderful Shakespearean Library (pri\-ate) ranks in point of raiity and Aalue of its treasures first in the world, and is rivalled only by the British Museum. As an aside, Mr. Perry has the finest collection of Kelmscott books extant, consisting throughout of William Morris's own copies. MOSES BROWN SCHOOL LIBRARY, founded 1784, contains 9000 well selected volumes. (See Schools) PUBLIC LIBRARY, Washington and Greene streets. Established 1878. Building erected in 1900 at a cost of nearly $500,000 is a pure example of Italian Renaissance. Celebrated for its methods of administration Avhich have been widely copied, it deserves mention for its excellently maintained reference department, its children's depart- ment and for special collections, including Harris collection on Slavery and Civil War, Williams' collection of Folk-lore, the Standard Library of best literature and R. I. Me D m D. n ^. Wlu^iOCK ISLAND, - fir POINT, riELus pi . -. .' SPRING, niVEffSlDE LHf CENT PMK. INANITY FAIR, ac CARS VIA SOUTH MAIN ST TO f^^ly rORK * BALTIMOIft STEAMSHIP LINES, & TO FALL RIVFa hSmSTDL DEPOTS - ALSO TROLLEY LINES TO, , NEWPORT, NEWBEDFORO, FALL RIVER. BRISTOL. TAUNTON, EAST PBOylOENCE, BARRINGTDN CRESCENT PARK, VANITY FAIR h EAST SIOE SHORE RESORTS. VIA COLLEGE & WATERMAN STS. CARS TO PAWTUCKET- HOPE ST, LINE' BLACKSTONE PARK & BLVD., BUTLER \ HOSPITAL, SWAN POI/ITCEM. SCKOHK {RIVER, HUMFORO, HUNTS MILLS,TEN MILE ]^ER,AGAWAM A milNAMOISETT ^^^BS, BROWN SCHOOL , ** "^ TjOPE STREET HIGH SCHOOL. ETC ♦ / OLK. SOUTH. BnonMumoM uNivERsnr HALL 11770) ^ua'.t'y'""'''^ ANNMAny MUSEUM/ I BLK. SOUTH. / prisos ill the city thus have a great population in which to dispose of their wares, and a large and varied industrial arni}^ i'roui which to obtain skilled workmen. The Metropolitan I)istrict, if it were all one city in name as it is in fact, would rank in population eleventh auionsr the great cities of the country. In manufactures in 1900, it was sixth among industrial centres for capital BKOWX Jv: SHARCE .MF(;. CO., PHOVUIENCE, U. I. inA'ested and wage-inirncrs employed, and fifth in the annual amount of \\ages paid. $143,000,000 of products were ])eing annually pi'oduced iri factories wiiich had a capital of $140,787,000 and p;.,id $31,087,953 to their 75,000 employees. The industries of the city proper were represented by about two-thirds of the above figm'es. Since 1900, according to the census report, the manufacture.- of Khode Island as a whole have increased more rapidly than those of any other State. MEMORIALS AND STATUARY. Including Fountains, Gates, Statuary and Tablets. Some other memorials are described under appropriate headings. FoUNT.^INS. ATHENAEUM. line drinking fountain for people and dogs, presented to the corporation by Mrs Anna Richmond, 1873. ' ' Come hither everyone that thirsteth. " BAJXOTTI MEMORIAL FOUNTAIN, City Hall Park, designed by Enid Yandell. Represents the struggle of life. Figures in bronze. Given to the city by Paul Bajnotti of Turin, Italy, in memory of his wife, Carrie Mathilde Brown. DYER MEMORIAL FOIJNTAIN, (the Falconer), designed by Henry Hudson Kitson. It cost $10,000 and was presented to the City of Providence by the late Daniel Lyman, in honor of his grandfather Elisha Dyer. This work of art represents an athlete with physical develop- ment at the highest point of perfect attainment possible to the human body. Gates. BROWN T'Nn^ERSITY, George Street entrance, near John Carter Brown Library. Built as a memorial to John Nicholas Brown by his widow, 1904. BROWN UNIVERSITY, Prospect Street entrance. "In memory of Augustus Stout Van Wickle of the class of 1876. "By achievement he honored, by gift he remem- bered his alma mater. ' ' BI'TLER HOSPITAIv, Blackstone Boulevard en- trance. "In memory of three generations of benefactors to the Butler Hospital, Nicholas Brown, founder; John Carter Brown, president; John Nicholas Brown, trustee; who blessed their native state by their labor and their beneficence." MOSES BROWN SCHOOL, Lloyd Avenue entrance. In memory of Theodate Lang, wife of Joshua L. Baily, a pupil of this school. Erected by her five sons, 1907. 28 ROGER WILLIAMS PARK, Elmwood Avenue en- trance. In memory of Anna H. Man, who on her death left a bequest of $200,000 to the city to be used for the maintenance and improvement of the park. Statuary. ATHLETE, also called Dyer Memorial and Falconer. (See Fountains.) Rogers Williams Park. BURNSIDE, GEN. AMBROSE E. Equestrian statue by Launt Thompson. Cost about $35,000. Erected partly bv the State and partly by subscription, 1887. City Hall Park. CAESAR AUGUSTUS, front campus of Brown Univer- sity. Copy of one of the so called Achillean statues which aimed at combining in one form the characteristics of an emperor and a god. Roman period 146 B. C. to 14 A. D. COLUMBUS, Columbus Park, designed by Bartholdi. Erected by a local club and by subscription, 1894. Replica of silver statue cast bj'^ Gorham Mfg. Co. and exhibited at Columbian Exposition. DEMING MEMORIAL, by Couper. Roger Williams Park. DEXTER, EBENEZER KNIGHT, philanthropist. Designed lyy Hippolyte Hubert. Erected by Ilenrv C. Clarke, 1894 in honor of Ebenezer Knight Dexter (b 1773) "who gave his property for the benefit of the public and the homeless." Another inscription is, "Leaving nothing but a headstone to mark our passage through life does not make the world better. They live best who serve humanity the most." DOYLE, THOMAS A. Cathedral Square, heroic size statue designed by Henry Hudson Kitson. Erected by subscription, 1889. In memory of Thomas A. Doyle, for 18 years Mayor of Providence; a man who in his day did more than any other to broaden and strengthen the com- mercial interests of the community. FALCONER OR DYER MEMORIAL. Roger Wil- liams Park. (See Fountains.) FERDINAND II. King of the Two Sicilies, a badly corroded bust of the tiicky, despotic Bourbon, nicknamed King Bomba because he called upon his soldiers to bombard the pcopl!-- during an insurrection. As soon as Garibaldi came into power, the people destroyed the portrait statues of the Bourbons, tliis white marble bust being buried imder its column in the garden of the Villa Reale, .NTaples. Brought to .Vmerica by Albert Dailey and presented to Roger Williams Park in 1881. FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, by Richard Greenough. In niche of facade of Franklin Lyceum Building. Dedi- cated 1858. First pul)lic statue in Providence. Replica of the statue erected 1855 in front of City Hall, Boston. "GENIUS OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY" or "IN- DEPENDENT MAN". Colossal bronze statue on dome of State House, designed by Brewster. GLADIATOR. Copy of original Greek. Given by William Wilkinson to Roger Williams Park. HEBE. Cup Bearer. After Thorwaldsen. Natural History Museum, Rogers Williams Park. HOPKINS, ADMIRAL ESEK. "Commander-in- chief of the Continental Navy during the American Revolution from December 22, 1775 to January 2, 1778. Born 1718. Died 1802." Given by Harriet U. H. Coggeshall; designed by Theo A. R. Kitson. to mark the Admiral's grave in Hopkins Park, corner Charles Street and Branch Avenue. Take Branch Avenue car. 29 INDIAN AND PURITAN. Over Dorrance Street entrance of I^nion Trust Building, by Daniel French. (See Union Trust Building.) LYMAN MEMORIAL. By Theo A. R. Kitson. "Erected in memory of the soldiers and sailors enlisting from the Town of North Providence who fell or died in the Civil War. Given by Daniel Wanton Lyman." The bronze figure of a soldier stands on a huge boulder at the junction of Fruit Hill and Olney avenues in a most picturesque location, overlooking the fertile valley of the Woonasquatucket with Centredale in the distance. Take Centredale car via Smith Street and get out at Fruit Hill Avenue and walk two blocks. PANCRATIAST OR BOXER. Purely Greek origin, iiuist be classed among the finest nuisterpieces ever brought to light from the Roman soil. Discovered 1885 imbedded in the wall of the ancient Temple of the Sun, having been carefully buried in sifted sand to save it from being des- troyed. It was probably one of the numerous statues or- namenting the famous baths of the Emperor Constantine. Magnificent specimen of semi-barbaric athlete exhausted by the numerous blows received, the traces of which are visible all over his body. The Pancratiast is nearly life size of a peculiar green bronze. I^pon the pedestal is the inscription ' ' Presented to the City of Providence by Paul Bajnotti of Turin, Italy, September 25, 1900." Roger Williams Park. ROMULUS, REMUS AND THE WOLF. Given by Mrs. R. H. I. Goddard. Natural History Museum, Roger Williams Park. SOLDIERS AND SAILORS MONI^MENT. Exchange Place, by Randolph Rogers. Erected by the State 1871. Statue of America, 10 feet high on pedestal 32 feet above ground. Symbolical figures below. Good of its kind. Cost about $85,000. UNION SOLDIER. Soldiers Grove, by Friedrich Kohl- hagen. Replica of statue on the Gettysburg battlefield. Roger Williams Park. VLTLCAN. Front of Goi'ham Works, designed by Rag- gie of IviA'erpool. WAYLAND, PROF. Bust on Wajdand Building, 128 North Main Street. By George O. Annable. WILLIAMS FAMILY monument in cemetery, Roger Williams Park. WILLIAMS, ROGER. Granite bust on a second story pediment, above main entrance to City Hall. Proliably designed by the architect,'^Samuel J. F. Thayer of Boston. Tablets. BOARD OF TRADE (See Old Market Building.) FRENCH ATJJES. Corner Summit Avenue and Brewster Street. "On this ground, between Hope Street and North Main Street, and North of Rochambeau Avenue, the French troo|)s conunanded by Count Rocham- beau, were encam]icd in 1 781 on their march from Newport to Yorktown, and in 1782 on their march from Yorktown to Boston, where they embarked for France." Their tents Avere made as halntable as possible and they were proA'ided with pits which served as cellars for the storage of provisions, etc. These depressions in the earth still remain to indicate many of these cellars. FRENCH ME;M0RIAL. (North Burial Ground.) Over the graves of 100 French soldiers who came to this country \Aith Rochambeau and died during the encampment in Providence 1780 to 1782. "Our French Allies in the Revolution." "La Gratitude de Rhode Island." 30 The'GREAT GALE of 1815 caused a loss of at least $1,000,000, one-fourth of the taxal)le valuation of the touu of 12,000 mhabitants. (Seepainting in Historical Society). On the corner post of the building occupied by a drug store, corner Westminster Street and Washing- ton PlOw is a brass plate with the following inscription : "Height of water in the Great Gale of September 23rd, 1815." OLD MARKET BUILDING. A tablet on the west end of this building bears the following inscription: "Near this spot the men and women of Pro^ddenco showed their resistence to Unjust Taxation by Burning British Taxed Tea in the Night of March 2, 1 775. Erected by the Rhode Island Societies of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Daughters of the American P^evolu- tion, 1891." ROGER WILLIAMS HOUSE. At northeast corner of North Main and Howland Streets. A tablet on the front of the building, above second story states, "A few rods east of this spot stood the house of Roger Williams, founder of Providence, 1636. ROGER WILLIAMS HOUSE. Seekonk. Site on Roger V/illiams Avenue near Omega Pond. Where Roger Williams spent the winter after fleeing from Massachusetts. ROGER W^ILLIAMS ROCK, also called Slate Rock and What Cheer Rock is located in the square bounded by Williams, Power, Gano and Rogers Streets. ROGER WILLIAMS SPRING. At northwest corner of North Main Street, No. 244 and Alamo I>ane, a tablet states, ' ' Under this house still flows the Roger ^\'illiams Spring. ' ' UNIVERSITY HALL. The Rhode Island Society of the Sons of the American Revolution commemorates by this tablet the occupation of this building by the patriot forces and their French Allies during the Revolu- tionary War. For six years all academic exercises in this university were suspended. Faculty, students and graduates ahnost to a man were engaged in the service of their country. May all who read this inscription be stimulated by their example to respond as loyally to their country's call. "Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. ' ' MUSEUMS. ANNMARY BROWN ^lEMORIAL. Open Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays, from 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. A treasure house of art containing 100 paintings by eminent masters of all countries and a collection of early printing and wood engraving superior to any similar- collection in America. Erected by Gen. Rush C. Ha,wkins of New ^'ork as a memorial to his wife Ann- mary Brown Hawkins. Personal and Family Relics. Books, china, wedding "setting-out," portraits, relics of the Civil War in which Gen. Hawkins served as Colonel of the first regiment of Zouaves, and articles of wearing apparel, — a graphic lesson in the garbs and crafts of a century and a half. First Books and Engravings. "Gen. Hawkins limited the subject of printing to First Presses and First Books, a field almost hopeless to glean from at the present day. Europe has been scoured, the remotest places ransacked and only at rare and long intervals are the desired volumes found. The necessarily keen competition of European libraries has forced values 31 so liigh that it is only the richest of collectors who can afford to purchase. No pul)lic hhrary or private collection in America can ecjual it, and those in Europe lack n^.any rarities that are shown in the cases of the Annraary lirown Memorial." 530 volumes are shown, going back to the so called block book, printed by nteans of engraving on wood, before Guteriberg in\'ented movable type in 1410. Modern Masters. Among the 29 paintings in this room are fine examples by Gari Melchers, Eastman Johnson, John Trumbull, (Portrait of 'Washington) Edwin Lord Weeks. Old Masters. A superb collection of 40 paintings including Rem- brandt's Portrait of a Young Man, Van Dyke's Duke of Richmond, called by Sidney Colvin the finest Yan Dyke in England, a portrait by Holbein, and five examples by Angelica Kauffman, Guido Reni, David Teniers, Jacob Jordaens. BROWN UNIVERSITY contains the following Museums : Corporation and Faculty Room. Hung here tem- porarily are 14 paintings by Frank O. Small, illustrative of scenes in American Colonial History. Given to Brown University by Samuel M. Conant. Manning Hall. Plaster casts chiefly from works of classical scidptures and pictures by old masters of the Italian and North European schools. Upstairs are Walter Brown's paintings of the Acropolis. Open \A'odnesdays, 3 to 5 p. m. Saturdays, 10 to 12 a. na. Maxcy Hall. Herbarium in l:)asement. 80,000 speci- mens from all parts of the world but mainly from America. Sayles Hall. Richest and most extensive collection of portraits in the State and several department libraries. HISTORICAL SOCIETY. (See R. I. Historical Society.) NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM. Roger WiJhams Park. Building cost $40,000. Contents insured for about $25,000. Only public natural history museum in the State; only municipal museum in New England. Best Indian relic collection in the State. Charles Gorton collection of Indian relics complete so far as Rhode Island is concerned. James Angus collection of North Ameri- can Indian relics. James Angus collection of agates finest in the world. Southwick and Caroline Richmond shells. Finest individual collection of birds in New England. The museum is open to the public every day in the year at 10 a. m. except Sunday and holidays at 1.30 p. m., closing at 5 p. m. C. .\bbott Davis, Curator. PENDLETON HOUSE. (Benefit Street. Entrance through School of Design, Waterman Street) contains a wonderful collection of antique mahogany, rugs mirrors, liorcelains, china and sih'er brought together by the late Charles Leonard Pendleton and presented by him to the Rhode Island School of Design. The house was given by Stephen O. Metcalf in accordance with the stipulation of the connoisseur that a tj'pical Colonial house be erected to hold his treasures. It is pure Georgian and a fine example of the simplicity and good taste of that period. The place is imique in that house and furniture are in perfect harmony, gi^'ing not the impression of a nmseum and collection, but the private mansion of a gentleman of taste and wealth who lived in the ISth century and furnished his house with the best examples of the cabinet makers of that period. .-Mso, in accordance with a promise made to Mr. Pendleton just before his death, 160 copies of a superbly compiled catalogue have been printed containing a history of the collection and embellished 32 with many reproductions of the pieces and their detail. This book, in itself a work of art, costs $150 a copy. Mr. Pendleton was known on both sides of the Atlantic as a connoisseur in things antique. His collection is world famous, each piece by an artist or artisan of the first class. "It covers the century between 1690 to 1790. Lockwood divides the furniture of this period into four styles, all of which, with the exception of the Classic Revival under the brothers Adam, ai'e represented in the Pendleton Collection. The Dutch style, called also Queen Anne and Georgian, Mr. Lockwood places in the first quarter of the 18th century. The Chippendale style which blends with the Dutch in outline and decoration is assigned to the middle of the ISth century, and the Hepplewhite and Sheraton styles come together in the last quarter of the 18th century. The collection is strong in American pieces as Mr. Pendleton, through the long years in which he was engaged in collecting, had the primary object of ob- taining the best American pieces extant. ' ' Not only are the pieces rare and beautiful, but many of them possess charminri()us legacy of river and hill and bay. Already provided with scattered parks of much and \'aried interest, it now jilans to unite these by a comprehensive Metropolitan Park System. Country clubs and boat clubs, amusement parks and popular resorts exist in unusual number; and among the institu- tions whose extensive grounds are open to the public are the Rhode Island Hospital, Butler Hospital, (with river road and commanding bluffs overlooking the Seekonk), Moses Brown School, State Home and School and City Hospital. ADMIRAL HOPKINS RESIDENCE. Admiral Street, near Charles. Mansion built about 1750. Estate, includ- ing over two acres of land, donated 1907 by Mrs. Elizabeth Gould of Boston, a descendant of Admiral Esek Hopkins, to the City of Providence for park purposes; other ad- joining land to be bought by the City, for children's playgrounds includes large part of original farm and orchard. House in present custody of Park Commis- sioners. Two rooms at least will contain original furniture. Admiral Hopkins was the first Commander-in-Chief of the American Navy. BLACKSTONE BOULEVARD. Extends from Butler Avenue at Blackstone Park north to Hope Street at City line. Bordered by Butler Hospital and Swan Point Cemetery grounds about one mile on eastern side. Length about 1| miles, width 200 feet, center space laid out i)y Olmsted Bros. BLACKSTONE PARK. On the Seekonk River (Um.), long and narrow tract of territory, picturesque ravine and native luxuriant foliage but no artificial attractions. About 41 acres in extent. East of Butler Avenue near Irving Avenue. Take Butler Avenue, or Red Bridge car. CATHEDRAL SQUARE. Intersection of Westmin- ster and Weybosset Streets at Fenner and Jackson Streets. CITY HALIi PARK. Exchange Place, Gardens, Carrie Brown Memorial Fountain, equestrian statue of General Burnside. 2h acres. (See Civic Centre.) CRAWFORD SQUARE, at Crawford Street Bridge. Head of navigation. Providence River. DAVIS PARK. Between Chalkstone A\enue and Val- ley Street. (1^ m). About 45 acres. Beautiful old estate of late Thomas Davis; historic mansion, pulilic open air gymnasium, ball ground, etc. A\'ell diversified with glen, groves and open lawns. DEXTER TRAINING GROUND. Between Dexter, Parade and Cranston Streets. A grassy common, nine acres in extent, given to the city by Ebenezer Knight Dexter for training of military companies. Now used as a place of recreation. Statue of Dexter; seats and trees. New State Armory at south side on Cranston Street. EXCHANGE PLACE, the first realization of modern civic centre idea in America. A long rectangular plaza soon to be adorned with a mall, past ^^hich most of the trolley lines will pass. City Hall Park separates it from the Union Station. Post Office and Central Fire Station at east end, City Hall at west. Important business buildings along south side. Soldiers and Sailors monu- ment in centre. FORT INDEPENDENCE PARK, fields Point, west of Aliens Avemie, 37 acres. Contains a promontory extending far out into the river. The view of the bay from this point is ullri^•alled. Take steamer froin 136 Dyer Street, or Eddy Street car line. (See Historic Places). 36 HAYWARD PARK. Between Beacon Avenue, Friend- ship, Plain and Maple Streets. About three acres. Fountain given by Mayor William S. Hayward. MARKET SQUARE AND WEYBOSSET BRIDGE, at lower end of Westminster Street. Old buildings around east side of Market Square are interesting for quaint architecture. Site of old fording place and later Colonial drawbridge. METCALF BOTANICAL GARDEN. Morris Avenue and Cypress Street. About 15.3 acies. Presented to Brown Uni\'ersity for purpose of an Aiboretum. Not extensively improved, but contains specimens of very many kinds of trees. NEUTACONKANUT PARK. Head of Plainfield Street, 40 acres in extent. "One standing on this eminence is reminded of the prospects from Heidelberg, Richmond Hill, Windsor, Belvoir or Sterling Castle." Augustine Jones. It looks down on the dwelling places of nearly 500,000 people. The combination of "Ye Greate Hill of Notaquonchanet on the North West," as it is called in the original deed of Providence Plan- tations which the Indians gave to Roger Williams, with the broad marshy valley of the Pocasset River, is beau- tiful and striking. From the ruged southern summit, near the great boulder a magnificent view extends over the valleys of Cranston and Warwick, past Potowomut and through the West Passage of Narragansett Bay toward the sea. To the east is Fall RiA-er on its distant hill, and nearer, the spires of Bristol and Warren. In the fore- ground the Pocasset River, bending around Antashantuck Neck, encloses Dyer's Nursery and Pocasset Cemetery. Take Plainfield cars via Westminster Street. PLEASANT VALLEY PARKWAY. Extends froni I*romenade Street to Academy Avenue passing Davis Park and crossing Chalkstone and River Avenues. About 1^ miles in length, ^•ery diversified in scenery and contour. POST OFFICE SQUARE. East of new post office. Has recently Ijeen created by bridging o^'er the water at head of Providence River, just below junction of the two small rivers, Moshassuck and Woonasquatucket. PROSPECT TERRACE. Congdon Street, opposite Cushing. 100 by 120 feet. No l)etter view of the city can anywhere be had than from this little park, and no cooler spot can be found so near the centre of the city on a summer evening. (15 minutes walk from Market Square, or take Brown Street car). PUBLIC GARDENS. Francis, Gaspee and Stillman Streets. Extend from Union Station to State Flouse and Normal School. (See Civic Centre). ROGER WILLIAMS PARK'. Part of the original gift of Miantonomi to Roger Williams. Is one of the finest city parks in this country. It comprises 432 acres of stately forest, rolling hills and beautiful lakes, and about nine miles of drives and boulevards annually visited by hundreds of thousands of people and surrounded by populous districts. In 1871, when Betsey Williams bequeathed to the city her ancestral farm, there was opposition to the acceptance of a park "so far out in the ■» ilderness. ' ' Much natural beauty remains and much has been sacrificed to artificial ideas of development, as instanced in the stiff outline of several lakes and the wholesale destruction of natural shrubbery. The chain of natural lakes covers 140 acres and extends into so many bays and inlets that it makes a shore line of seven or eight miles. There is a splendid Colonial casino with a cafe and assembly hall, and a Natural History Museum which is visited by 100,000 persons yeai'ly. (See Museums.) 37 ^.The entrance gates are a memorial to Anna H. Man. 'riieJ)oat,house, named for and dedicated to the late Clark Dalrymple, who provided in his will for its erection, is of the Chester style of architecture. H**«The Williams family burying ground is near one of the Elmwood Avenue entrances. Here is buried Joseph, son of Roger Williams, and his dwelling house near by, was demolisded within recent years, to furnish a site for modern dwellings. Betsy Williams Cottage, formerly the old red school house, later the dwelling of Betsy Williams, and now a resting place for women and children was Iniilt in 1773. It contains many antique articles of historic interest. Open week days, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Sundays in the afternoon. A speedway, one half mile in length, near Broad Street entrance is being constructed. The lakes are well stocked with ornamental water fowl, and there is a deer park, and a large flock of Southdown sheep. For the anmsement of children there are playgrounds and a carousel and many pony outfits. In the winter, throngs of skaters hasten to the park and it is not unusual to see 10,000 people upon the ice. But Roger Williams Park is at its best upon a moonlight summer night, when the hot city has poured out its throngs by trolley car and auto and bicycle, or by the humbler vehicle of "shanks mare." From the gaily lighted platform in the lake, the music of the American Band floats over the waters. High among the trees is the terrace of the casino; around the bandstand are flitting dozens of rowboats and canoes, and on all the surround- ing, hillsides are happy parties hushed to a decorous silence by the music. Red and green lights from tiny launches dance upon the water, and over on the opposite boulevard are immense tangles of motor cars with staring bright eyes. It is all very entrancing and a celebjated writer once wrote that he had not supposed there was anything quite so poetically exquisite this side of Venice. (For Statues in the Park, including Athlete, Den)ing Memorial, Falconer, Ferdinand II, Gladiator, Hebe, Pancratiast, Romulus and Remus, Union Soldier, Roger Williams Monument, Willianjs Family Monument, See Memorials.) ROGER WILLIAMS SQUARE. Gano, Power and ^^'illiams Streets, 200 square feet. This spot is one of the richest in historical importance. (See Memorials.) TOCKWOTTEN PARK. Between Wickenden, What Cheer, Tockwotten and East Streets. Two acres. So sitiuited as to receive cooling breezes from the bay. Contains playground apparatus and seats. TURK'S HEAD, junction Westminster and 'Weybosset Streets at Exchange Street, so called from ancient effigy of oriental potentate that was formerly displayed there. WASHINGTON PARK. Between Benefit, Tock- wotten, Traverse and India streets. One acre. Settees under the trees. PHILANTHROPHY AND CHARITY. ASSOCIATED CH.VRITIES. (See Providence Society for Organizing Charity). BETHANY HOME OF R. I. Ill South Angell Street. Founded 1892. A temporary home for women, not otherwise provided for between the ages of IS and 65 years, who are natives of the U. S. and \\ho have been residents of Rhode Island for at least two years. Secular. Accommodates more tlian thirt}'. DEXTER ASYLUM. Hope Street opposite Bowen. Founded 1828. Almshouse of the city. Secular. More 38 than 100 beneficiarips. Ebeuozer Knight Dexter (Pee Memorials) died in 1S24 leavine; to the town of Providence 40 acres of land and $60,000 to establish a home for poor men. Oldest charitable institution in the city and remarkable in lieinc; the only great public benefaction in the world that is almost self-sustaining. Its well cultivated lands, once in the country, are in the heart of what is now the fashionable East Side, and are sur- rounded by a stone wall eight feet high and three feet thick according to the conditions of the bequest. From here, ^•egetables and fruit, always the best quality, are sent to home. New York and other maikets. HOME FOR AGED MEN. S07 Broad Street. Founded 1874. A home for respectable men of American parent- age who have met \^'ith reverses. 45 beneficiaries. HOME FOR AGED WOMEN. 181 Tockwotten Street, overlooking the harbor and bay. Founded 1856. A home for the poor, aged and respectalile women of Provi- dence. Non-sectarian. Accommodates 40. KING'S DAUGHTERS AND SONS. R. I. Branch of International order. Founded 1895. Engages in fresh air work; maintains the Emily S. Chace Memorial Home. Oakland Beach, R. I. Open during July and August, Receives 150 women and children in groups of 30 oi- 40 for a two w^eeks outing. LEAGUE FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF TUBER- CULOSIS (Committee of the Providence Society for Organizing Charity). Its purpose is to take care of all cases of tuberculosis in the city, not otherwise provided for, and to supply food, clothing and material assistance where necessary. It employs three nurses who spend all their time Adsiting in families wJiere there is tuber- culosis. 400 cases a year. MONTIFIORE. Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Ass'n. 881 Westminster Street. Founded 1878. Secular. 30 beneficiaries. NEEDLEWORK GUILD OF AMERICA. The Provi- dence branch founded 1893. No permanent office. Object to collect and distribute new, plain, suitable garments, or articles of hotjsehold linen to meet the great need of hospitals, homes and other charities. No regard paid to race, color, creed or religion. One collection and distribution each year. The annual contribution of two or more new articles of wearing apparel, or house- hold linen or money constitutes memi)ership. Founded in England by Lady Wolverton. Honorary President in America, Mrs. Levi P. Morton. PRISONER'S AID ASSOCIATION. Sophia Little Home, 135 Norwood Avenue, Edgewood. Founded 1872. Object to provide a temporary industrial home adapted to prepare women released from the penal institutions of the S-tate to earn their living; religious and secular; un- denominational ; accommodates 25. PROVIDENCE ASS'N FOR MINISTRY TO THE SICK. No office. Foimded 1880. Provides for the bodily and spiritual needs of the sick poor in their homes. Undenominational. More than 100 beneficiaries yearly. Each ward has its visitors. PROVIDENCE BOYS CLUB. 129 Eddy Street. Founded 1899. To provide for the care and maintenance, mental, moral, physical and social, of boys requiring such care, and to that end to provide and maintain a building or rooms and to conduct classes and to adopt such other nieans as the Board of Directors may from time to time deem desirable. Secular. PROVIDENCE CHILDREN'S FRIEND SOCIETY. 23 Tobey Street. Incorporated 1836. A temporary 39 home for children, one or both of whose parents are dead or incapacitated. Secular. Accommodates 70; both sexes are admitted. PROVIDENCE DAY NURSERY ASS'N. Grace Memorial House, 133 Delaine Street; Hope Day Nursery, 167 Chestnut Street, founded 1S84 To care for and instruct the children of working women. Secular. Average daily attendance, 35. PROVIDENCE DEACONESS HOME of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church, 26 Bridgham Street. Founded 1S93. A home and school for Christian \\ omen employed or to l^e employed in benevolent and charitable work among the poor, needy and vicious. PROVIDENCE DISTRICT NI'RSING ASS'N. 332 Butler Exchange. Incorporated 1902. Object to pro\-ide trained nurses to visit sick persons deprived of proper care; to give these patients such attention as is impera- tively needed and to instruct members of the household in the simple rules of hygeine. Patients able to pay for these services are expected to do so. About 15,000 visits annual Iv. PROVIDENCE FEMALE CHARITABLE SOCIETY. Secretary, Miss Dwight, 66 \\illiams Street. Founded 1800. To assist Avorthy widows and unmarried women. First Directress, Mrs Henry G. Russell. PROVIDENCE LYING-IN HOSPITAL (See Hospi- tals). PROVIDENCE RESCUE HOME AND MISSION. 43 Beacon ave. Incorporated 1S9G. Object to provide a refuge and home for unfortunate women and to main- tain or assist undenominational charitable missions. 1.50 benefi''iaries PROVIDENCE SHELTER I OR COLORED CHIL- DREN, 20 Olive Street. (Brown Street car"). Founded 1828. For orphans or those exposed to evil influence. Average number of beneficiaries 20. These children attend the First Baptist Meeting House and the public schools. PROVIDENCE SOCIETY FOR ORGANIZING CHARITY, .332 Butler Exchange, Westminster Street. Founded 1892. To secure harmonious action of different charities of Pro^'idence, to pievent begging, and imposi- tion, to aid the poor to help themselves. Every appli- cant for aid investigated. Corps of friendly visitors whose duty it is to see and know the poor in their homes and l:)y means of personal influence to improve their conditions. Aim to make people better and happier where they are and with the resources which they have. About 800 beneficiaries. James Minnick, Secretnry. (See also League for the Suppression of Tuberculosis.) RANDALL SQUARE GOSPEL MISSION, 57 Chalk- stone Avenue. Olfice Gorham Mfg. Co. Wm. G. Lawton. Founded 1895. Provides food, clothes and shelter for the deserving poor. Outdoor work and daily religious services. 25 to 50 beneficiaries a week. R. T. CATHOLIC ORPHAN ASYLUM, 473 Prairie Avenue. Founded 1851. Governed by the Bishop and the Sisters of Mercy. R. T. EXCHANGE FOR WOMAN'S ^^ ORK, 240 Benefit Street. Founded 1880 to provide a place where woman's work of every description may be put on sale and where orders for the same mav be received. Beneficiaries about 200. R. I. HOSPITAL. (See Hospitals). R. I. INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF, .520 Hope Street. Founded 1876. Maintained l)y the State and free 40 to all children in the State between the ages of 3 and 20 who are mentally capable but unable to be educated in regular schools because of defective hearing. Board, instruction and industrial training pro\ided. Handsome buildings in a fine location. R. I. .SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO CHILDREN. 20 Market Square. Home 98 Doyle Avenue. Founded 18S2. Beneficiaries, about 500 yearly. General child cruelty work with broad inter- pretation of the field in favor of the children. R. I. WORKING BOY'S HOME. 42 Park Street. (Chalkstone Avenue or Smith Street car). Founded 1898. To maintain and educate poor homeless boys from 12 to 18 j'ears of age until they become honorable and self- supporting citizens. No restrictions as to race or creed. 100 boys annually cared for; 40 are permanent boarders, the others are helped temporarily. Receives no church. State nor City appropriation. Largely dependent upon the generosity of the public. Maintains a splendid sum- mer home (the Tower Hill House) for the boys in a mag- nificent location overlooking Narragansett Bay. William J. Wallace, Superintendent. SCANDINAVIAN CENTRAL CHARITY ASS'N. Holds meetings in parlors of Swedish Episcopal Church, Hayward Park. Founded 1899. Renders assistance to Scandinavians in distressed circumstances. Secular Eight to ten families a year. SOPHIA LITTLE HOME (See Prisoner's Aid Assn.) SPRAGUE HOUSE ASS'N. 7 Armington Avenue. Founded 1887. Object to provide a neighborhood centre to supplement social and intellectual opportunities of working girls by the organization and maintenance of classes, clubs and such other work as may seem adA'isable. About 250 members. STATE HOME AND SCHOOL FOR DEPENDENT AND NEGI;ECTED CHILDREN. Smith Street, Fruit Hill (3 miles via Smith Street car). Fine institution with grovmds aljout 100 acres in extent. Object to provide for luifortunate children not recognized as vicious or criminal, such influences as A\ill lead towards an honest, intelligent and self supporting manhood and womanhood, the State as far as possible, holding toward them the parental relation ;" also to provide horriesfor these children. Average number about 125. Dr. and Mrs. Risk, Superin- tendent and Matron. SI". ELIZABETH HOME for women con^'alescent or incurably sick. Corner Atlantic Avenue and Melrose Street. Founded 1882 under the auspices of Grace Clmrch but maintained Isy all the Protestant Episcopal churches in the diocese. Religious in so far as the board nmst be made up of members of this denomination. ST. JOSEPH HOSPITAL. (See Hospitals.) ST. MARY'S ORPHANAGE. East Providence. Founded 1886. Cares for orphaned and luifortunate children of all creeds. Industrial work. Boys are foruid homes or sent to St. Andrew's Industrial School at nine j'ears of age if possible. Girls kept till fourteen or over. Protestant Episcopal. Beneficiaries about 60. ST. VINCENT DE PAUL INFANT ASYLUM. Regent Avenue. Founded 1891. For poor infant children orphaned and abandoned under six years of age. The institution is quasi public in that the State is represented on the board of directors and has made appi'opriations. It was built by private donations and is supported by voluntary contributions. No discrimination is made as to race, color or creed. 41 ST. VINCENT DE PAUL SOCIETY, 521 Butler Exchange. Founded in Paris 1833; in Providence 1853. Object, visiting poor families in their homes, care of the children and any good work of charity coming to their notice. About 400 families a year. UNION FOR CHRISTIAN WORK, 31 Chestnut Street. Founded 1868. Object "to afford poorer working people the same opportunities for plt-asureable and profitalile use of tb.eir leisure tinie that richer people ha\e. ' ' Many hundreds of beneficiaries a year. Occupies a large, cheerful, well appointed house. WOMEN'S (TTY MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 155 Clifford Street. Founded 1867. To assist the poor in efforts to help themselves and to engage in general mis- sionary work of a material nature. Bet\\een 150 and 200 families assisted annually. The Laundry, 155 Clifford Street, estal)lished in 1897 gives employment to women (75 to 100 each year) who would otherwise be more or less objects of charity, and trains unskilled workers to become expert launclresses whereby they may supi)ly the demand in private families or public laundries. No machinery is used, the women being taught to work with the same appliances that are used in private houses. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, 519 Westminster Street, Cathedral Square. Founded 1853. Building cost !iifl 75,000. Object the social, mental, physical, moral and spiritual development of j'oung men and boys. Membership 1700. Good library and well equipped gymnasium. YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, corner Washington and Jackson Streets. Founded 1867. Building' cost $200,000. Working girls can secure board at reasonable rates. Home life and social activities, educational department and tra\ellers aid. Bilile classes and employment bureau. About 1000 helped yearly. POPULAR RESORTS. Great popular resorts and amusement parks abound. The shores of the Bay and the picturescjue nooks along the rivers have Furnished the setting for such places as Vanity Fair and Rocky Point, Pihodes on- the Pawtuxet and many others that cater to great throngs. Some of these resorts at times take care of more than 50,000 visitors on a single day, and when one considers the nmnber of attrac- tions that are always open, particularly in summer, it would seem as if all Rhode Island, as well as its neighbors from over the Massachusetts borders must spend all their days and nights in pursuit of plea.sure. BOYDEN HEIGHTS, East Shore. Popular at- tractions, dancing, etc. 3^ miles by steamer or trolley. CHPJSTNUT GROVE. Dancing and other amuse- ments. CRESCENl" P.XRK. Popular attractions and con- cessions, shore dinners, etc. East Shore. 6 miles by steamer or trolley. FIELD'S POINT. West Shore. Clambakes, etc. 2 miles by steamer. HUNTS MILLS. Popular amusements, canoes, etc. On Ten Mile River, 4 miles by Rumford car. KIRWIN'S BATHING BE.\CH. 3 miles via Eddy Street car. PROVIDENCE BASEBALL GROUNDS. 3 miles via Elmwood Avenue cars. RHODES ON THE PAWTUNET. Pawtuxet River, near Broad Street. Mammoth dance hall, boating, canoe- ing, etc. 42 ROCKY POINT, splendidly situated on west shore, provides dancing, hall games, concerts and popular aniusenients. (12 miles, via trolley, 35 to 40 n.inutes, or hy steamer, 1 hour.) VANITY FAIR- cost $750,000— amusement park, 40 acres, in beautiful location. East side of bay, 4^ miles via Riverside or ^^anity Fair cars; also steaniers and electric trains from Fox Point; shore dinners, clambakes, "College Inn," Chutes, Public Ball Room, Japanese Tea Garden, Fighting the Flatnes, and splendid illuminations. Many other places offer dancing and amusements on a smaller scale. ROGER WILLIAMS. (See also History) In the valley of the Moshassuck and upon the surround- ing hills, for the first time in history, there was set up a governnient that had for its basis religious liberty. "There came into being a political conmiunity which was an anomoly among the nations: a. pure democracy, — 'but only in ci\"il tilings' so reads the covenant. Nay more, for this 'Rhode Island Idea' as it was derisively called, has become the accepted and fundamental maxim of American politics, incorporated into the constitution of every state. Even Massachusetts has deigned to tread the path cleared in the wilderness by her great exile, though strange as it seenis, she waited until 1883 pre working out a complete divorce of Church and State . "No one principle of political or social or rehgious polity lies nearer the base of American institutions, and it may be asserted that the future of America was in a large measure deterinined by the General Court which sunuuoned Roger Williams to answer for 'divers new and dangerous opinions.' His banishment became a pivotal act in universal hi.'^tory." "Personally, Roger Williams was no ordinary man. Of unyielding tenacity of puipose, he grasped clearly a principle in all its bearing and could incorporate it in a social con)pact. Moreox'CT, he was no crude, vuilearned agitator, Iiut a scholar and thinker. On the roll of the ancient Charter House in Ijondon will be found his name among the first, above those of Addison and Steele, of Wesley and Blackstone, of Grote and Thackeray. He was an eloquent preacher, an intimate friend of Sir Harry Vane, a teacher of Milton. Behold it! The author of Paradise Tost sitting at the feet of the author of Soul I;iberty! He was by turns rejiorter, preacher, trader, farmer, scholar, diplomat, linguist, judge, soldier, man of letters. He was a stabvart, even among the intel- lectual giants of those early days, when men thought great thoughts. He stands alone in American history, the only one of his kind, and he l^elongs to Rhode Island. Such is her unique glory, Roger Williams and Religious Liberty, and this alone were enoueh to immortalize one State." The pioneer of this great pi-incipal was born about 1603. As a student, he attracted the attention of Chief Justice Cok<% who became his friend and patron and -^ent him to Stitton's Hospital, now the Charter House, a school attended by many distinguished Englishmen. When Thackeray lectured in Providence, he told us how when a Charter House boy he carved his name upon a beani and found there the initials R. W. cot by Roger AVilliams himself. In 1623, after gaining a prize at this school, Williams was admitted to Pembroke College. Cambridge, whence he was graduated with honors in 1626. Admitted into the English Church, he became chaplain in the household of Sir William Masham. Church 43 preferment was now open to hiirij but his growing dislike of the Anglican liturgy le-l Uini to become a Puritan. ^ He married Mary P.ariiard and the couple sailed in the ship I;yon for Boston, where he was well received by the Puritans as a "godly minister." But finding that the Boston Church was supported by the ci\il magistrate, Willian^.s protested against it. He also disapproved of the control over the indi\idual conscience that the Boston church arrogated to itself, and because of his boldness in announcing his \'iews, he was forced in 1631, after a short pastorate in Salem, to seek refuge with the Pilgrims at Plymouth. AN'hile in Plymouth he improved every opportunity to cultivate the friendship of the Indians and to learn their language. He returned to 8alem in 1633 and became pastor of the First Church. Here in addition to his former teaching he denied the validity of title to land under the charter obtained from Charles I, claiming that valid title could be obtained only from the Indians. For these seditious doctrines, the General Court, in in 1635, im]50sed n sentence of banishuient and despatched Captain John I'nderhill ^^ith a sloop to bring him from Salem and to put him on a ship bound for England. Recei\iiig friendly warning, Roger Williams set out in the night time with two companions to find a haven of refuge beyond the jurisdiction of Massachusetts Bay. After a perilous walk of SO or 90 miles through the wilder- ness, he received hospitable welcome upon the east bank of the Seekonk Pi\'ei' anfj took up his abode near the spot now marked by a tablet on the shore of Omega Pond. Yet he suffered severely and in his old age exclaimed, "I bear to this day on my body the efTects of that winter's exposure. ' ' But his troubles were not yet over. In the spring of 1636 after acquiring title to the land fro?u the Indian Chief Massasoit, he began planting corn, and then, to quote his own quaint words, "I received a letter from my ancient friend Mr. ^\'inslow, the Governor of Plymouth, professing his own and others love and respect foi" me, yet lovingly advisirig me, since I was fallen into the edge of their bounds, and they were loath to displease the Bay, to remo\e to the other side of the water and there he said I had the country free before me, and might be as free as theuiselves and we should be loving neighbors together." Accordingly, with five companions, fellow' founders of Providence, he embarked in a canoe and paddling down the Seekonk Ri\'er the party were greeted with thu s.alutation "^^'hat Cheer Xetop" at Slate Rock. This ejjisode furnishes the appropriate design and legend upon the seal of ProAidence. Continuing on and rounding Fox Point, they paddled up the river, then a great broad estuary of the bay, and landed beside a beautiful spring A tablet upon a house front near the present St. John's Church and at the corner of North Main Street and Alano Lane, now bears the in- scription ' ' Under this house still flows the Roger Williams Spring." (See page 31). Here was fovuidcd the new settlement at Moshassuck named Providence by Roger Williams "In grateful remembrance of God's merciful providence to n^e in my distress." Here in the same year he was joined by his wife and their two children. The tide then flowed almost to the spring, and Towne Street of the new settlement, now North Main Street, passed along on the edge of the shore. The "home lots" ran from this street over the hill to what is now Hope Str'-'et, and on the wall of the house, corner of North Main and How land Streets, the State ha? placed a tablet with the legend " \ iew rods east of this spot once stood the house of Roger \Mlliams." While preparing to place this 44 tablet, the Historical Society found buried under the soil the fireplace and hearthstone of the founder of the State. In this rude wilderness, these men drew up the famous compact of .1638. The original still to be seen in the City Hall, is certainly the most precious in existence, for it was the first compact of government to found a State on the new principle announced in the words of Roger Wil- liams over the portico of our State House: "To set forth a lively experiment that a most flourishing ci\ul State may stand and best be maintained with full liberty in religious concermnents. " Grasping aggression and set- tled ill-will ou the part of Massachusetts and Connecticut both of which colonies claimed to the shores of Narragan- sett Bay, required prompt and decided action by the Rhode Island settlers if they wanted to preserve an in- dependent existence. Roger Williams was sent to Eng- land to obtain a Parliamentary Patent. His return and crossing over the Si^ekonk River forms the subject of the large painting on the walls of the Providence County Court House. This charter of 1643-4 was the first charter under which a purely "civil government" was ever in- stituted. It was the sheet anchor of the feeble little colony — the bulwark that preserved it from being over- whelmed by what the General Assembly of 1659 called "our sister colony's anger against us." It co\'ered the smallest territory of any charter in the land because our fathers who bought their land from the Indians were umviUing to r)uarrel with other New England colonies about land which the}' .had taken by conquest from the Indians. In a magnaniiiious spirit of conciliation and peace this charter was sought only for lands "judged vacant on all hands." Its procurement was noteworthy; its modesty, conspicuous; its character, unique. The charter of 1663, under which Rhode Island lived for 180 years, was practically only confirmatory of that of 1643-4. Between the years 16-54 and 1670 Roger Williams was many times assistant and ))resident of the four united colonies or towns w hich constituted what was then known as Providence Plantations. In 1677 he was again elected assistant btit declined to serve. Iving Phillip's War oc- curred in 1675-6. In the memorable "Pierce's Fight" near Pawtucket, a band of 800 Indians amlnished and all but annihilated the force of about fifty white men and thirty friendly Indians. But three men escaped. The next morning, a band of wild savages uiarched on Provi- dence and ):)(irned it leaxing but three houses. Roger Williams by this time an old man, alone and unarmed, save with his staff, went out to meet the band of approach- ing Indians. His efforts to stay their course were unavail- ing but such was the love and veneration entertained for him by the savages that he was allov/ed to return im- molested. Roger Williams death probably occurred in April, 1683. His life is his best momunent. He shared freely with his fellow settlers the gifts of land made to him personally by the Indians. He served the colony faithfully through- out his life, with difficulty securing repayment of his expenses, leaving his family for years while in this service. If those who judge from his polemical writings that he was simply a ^'io]ent and incoriigible disputant, who had the luck to maintain one new and good idea, would read his lettei's, not one here and there, but the series consecu- tively, so as to realize their cumulative effect, they would gradually become aware that they were making the ac- quaintance of a large and affectionate, philanthropical, public-spirited, and many sided nature. His Irindness toward the Indians, the ser\-ices he rendered them and the services he rendered his enemies, who had exiled him, and driven him into the wilderness, mark the 45 essential nobleness of his character. We can look back to the career of this man among his felIo\v-men with imalloyed delight, for he was upright and honest and his dealings with the native irihabitsnts ^\ere generons and fair; and so Providence not only stood for liberty of con- science but it stood for justice. SCENERY IN THE VICINITY OF PROVIDENCE. It has often been said that no similar area in the United States is as diversified as is Rhode Island in landscape and contour, in foliage, in flora and fauna, and in geological formation. From these things it has come to pass that no State in the Union possesses so great a diversity of opportunities for siunmer pastimes and recreation, and since Rhode Island is so very densely populated and is surrounded by rich and populous states, it is not to be wondered at that thousands are tempted to make their summer homes amid her charms. There is a splendid assortment of the beautiful things of nature; l)road glistening beaches, and wild, wooded hills, rocky cliff's overhanging the ocean, hundreds of miles of bay shores, winding, rushing ri\'ers and dense tangled forests where the advent of man is as yet scarcely known. There are many lakes and there are barren sand dunes; there are exquisite and fashionable siuiimer places that vie with any in the world and there are secluded camps where nature is untroubled in her luxuriance. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. Pro\-idence is justly proud of its fine school system. There are 106 public day schools, 14 evening sch(jols and 26 kindergartens, be?:ides many excellent parochial and pri\ate schools. ^Maintenance of public schools more than $1,000,000 "i^early. I'he per cent of illiterate persons aniong those of native white parentage is \-ery small, being less than one. Among the principal educational institutions are the following: ACADEMY OF THE SACRED HE.VRT, Elmhurst, occupies fine estate on Fruit Hill. (Centredale car ^-ia Smith Street.) BROWX UNIVERSITY, fronting on Prospect Street, between Waterman and George, was chartered in 1764 under the name of R. I. College and was located at W arren, R. I. In 1770, the college was n'oved to ProA'idence and in 1804 was renamed Brown University in honor of Nicholas Brown, a trustee whose gifts amounted to $160,000, a very large sum for that time. The University now has about 1000 stud^'nts and ranks among the fore- most institutions of learning in the country. Grouped about the elm shaded campus on the crest of College Hill ai-e 28 liuildings connected with the University. Some of the qu.^int brick dormitories are over 100 years old, while the fine gymnasium and sfience laboratories were built but recently. University Hall built 1770 was used for six years during the Revolution as barrack and hospital for the combined American and French troops. (See Tablets.) The buildings connected with Brown TTniversity are as follows : Front campus from north to south- Hope College, (dormitory) built 1822; Manning Hall, an enlarged copy of the Temple of Diana Propylea in Eleusis, (art museum and lecture room) built 1834; University Hall (dormitory) built 1770; Slater Hall (dormitory) 1879; Rhode Island Hall, (biological laboratory and natural history museum), 1840. 46 Middle campus from north to south : IBrown ITnion, (fof social life of the college), built 1903; Rogers Hall, (chemical laboratory and machine shops); Sayles Memorial Hall, (Uni\-erbity chapel, portrait collection, lecture hall, great organ, seminary rooms and libraries) ; Wilson Ilall, (physical laboratory); John Carter I^rown Library, (Americana.) FRONT CAMPUS, BROWN UNIVERSITY Back campus, formerly the athletic field: I,yman Ciymnasium and Colgate Hoyt Swimming Pool on the north; Maxcy Hall, (dormitory, herl>arium, botanical lalioi'atory and seminary rooms) ; Engineering Building aiul Caswell Hall, (dormitory) on the south. Corner Waternian and Prospects Streets is the Brown University Library; at the corner of College and Prospect are the .Administration building and I'efectory, the lattei' soon to be replaced by the splendid new library to the memory of John Hay. The President's House is on Hope Street, corner of Manning. Corner Thayer and Manning are Briinonia Hall, (dormitory\ and a fraternity building. Several other fraternities ha\'e Iniildings on nearby streets. The- Women's College in Brown Uni\ersity has three buildings, Pembroke Hall for recitations, Meeting Street, Slater Memorial HoiiuStead, Benefit Street, used as a home for the students, and the Sayles Gynmasium on Cushing Street. The r)bservatory, Doyle .Avenue, was given to the university by Hon. Herbert \\ . Ladd. An iron fence with bi'ick and stone posts has been built around the front and middle campus, each section having l>een contributed by or in memory of some class. The \^an ^^'ickle Gate on Prospect Street, as well as the .Administration Building opposite, were the bequest of Augustus Van Wickle. Of the four remaining gates, one is a memorial to John Nicholas Brown, and the other three were contributed by classes. The Cari'ie Tower, front campus, was erected 190^ by Paul Bajnotti, Turin, Italy, in memory of his wife Carrie Mathilde, daughter of Nicholas Brown. Andrews Field, Brown's athletic ground, is on Camp street, one mile and a half from the university. Connected with P»ro\\n l!'ni\'ersity are several famous libraries and museums. (See Libraries and Museums.) Of the presi- dents of Brown, two of the most distinguished and best belo\'ed were Francis Wayland and E. Benjamin Andrews. Among the graduates of Brown are Horace Mann, "Sunset Cox," President Angell of Univer- !?ity of IMichigan, Richard Olney, John Hay, Benjamin Ida Wheeler, President of University of California. George 47 Washington received the degree of L. I^. D. in 1790 before he was elected president. Rev. M'm. Herl^ert Perry Faunce is now president of Brown. UKOW.N IM(1N, I'.ltoW.N IMVERSITY HIGH SCHOOLS of ProA-idence are the Classical, southeast corner Pond and Summer Streets; English, on Pond Street between Summer and Spring Streets; Technical on Pond Street northeast corner of Summer Street; Hope Street English and Classical, on Hope Street near ()lney. NORMAL SCHOOL, see R. I. State Normal School. MORRIS HEIGHl^S SCHOOL for boys occupies a beautiful site several acres in extent; once a piivate estate. Fine views of the surrounding country can be had from the upper windows. MOSES BRO^\'N SCHOOL, entrances Lloyd Avenue, Hope and Olney streets. "Friends School." Originally opened in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. Re-opened in Providence in 1819. The school has always been under the charge of the yearly meeting of Friends. Twenty-fi\'e acres of lawns and trees in the best residential section of Providence. From the cupola the view extends north- ward to the hills of Massachusetts and southward over many tuiles of Narragansett Bay. Beades the main school buildings, there is a fine gymnasium recently erect- ed, Alunuiae Hall, and the arti.stic studio of the Three Oaks designed by Heins and I.aFarge. The school has a large collection of works of art and a valuable library founded 1784. RHODE ISLAND COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, 112 Angell Street. Established 1902. R. I. INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF, (see Philan- thropy and Charity). RHODE ISLAND SCHOOL OF DESIGN. There are few institutions in the country which can compare ■with the Rhode Island School of Design either as a museum or as a school of applied art. It is a splendid example for other cities or states as to what may be accompHshed in the way of beauty in utility and it is a standing tribute to the sound sense and rare judgment of those who have been responsible for its present prosperity. Its gradual and healthy development during the thirty years of its existence, is due to the sound principles upon which it is 48 founded and to its position in connection witli the artistic iind industrial dexelopment of the State. Its purposes are: First, the inr^truction of artisans in drawing, painting, modeling and designing, that they may successfidly apply the principles of art to the re- quirements of trade and manufactures. Second, the systematic training of students in the practice of art, that they may understand its principles, give instruction to others or bcconic artists. Third, the general advancement of art education by the exhibition of works of art and art studies and by lectures on art. It has been the recipient of many ffifts, both in money and buildings which have helped to make it the splendid institution it now is. There are three buildings de\'oted to the work of its School and Museum. The main building, located on^^'aterman Street, contains in addition to the Museum, the offices for administration and rooms for the Departments of Drawing and Painting, Decorative SAYLES HALL AND WILSON HALL, BROWN ITNIVERSITY Design, Architecture, and Jewelry Design. Memorial Hall Building contains rooms for the Department of Mechanical Design and Textile Design. It also has a large hall capable of seating 800 people. Memorial Hall presented to the School in 1904 by Mrs. Gustav Radeke, was formerly the Centr.al Congregational Church, a work of the brilliant young architect Tefft. The Colonial building on Benefit Street contains besides the Pendleton collection, rooms for the modeling department. The- State of Rhode Island and the City of Providence both make annual appropriations to be used in scholar- ships in the various classes of the school. There are also scholarships offered by the Providence Art Club, the Trustees, friends of the school, the Alumnae and the Art Students I^eague of New York. The eight departments of the school are the Departments of Freehand Drawing and Painting, Decorative Design, Modeling and Sculpture, Architecture, Mechanical F)esign, Textile Design, Jewelry Design and the Children's Department. In the classes for painting a!id modeling there is much work done that is far above the ordinary. The School opens its workrooms and studios during June, July and August to a niost successf\il Summer School, which offers a wide range of courses, with the opportunity of outdoor sketching for the study of land- scape, plant life and the draped figure in the open air. But it is for the general utility of its cour.ses that the School 49 of Design is most noted, for in almost no other institutio" of a similar eharacter ean the practical results of such courses be applied. Providence is one of the greatest industrial centres in the world, and its products are those of .skilli-d lalior and art. The City stands first in the pi-oduction ot silverware, jewelry and fine woolen fabrics, and second in several other industries, fiiie machines and machine tools being among them. The Gorham Sih'er Works, the .\merican Screw Factory, the Brown & Sharpe Machine shops, and the Nicholson File Company's plant are the greatest of their kind in the world. As a consequence of these conditions, thei'e is an imniediate and natural output of CAiiKiE TowiiK, lutuwN iM\i:i;.sriv rrmch of the work doiie in the school and competition by the students is keen and healthy. .Moti\es and designs, especially those for metal work and fabrics find a ready market in this city, while others, such as designs for wall paper, rugs or carpets go to other Eastern manufacturing cities by way of Providence. Many designs done in the school are noted for the excellence of their avt ; some of the niptal work, particularly designs for artistic jewelry, rank with any that art' produced in any part of the world with the exception of the work of a few great designers in 50 Franco. The same may l)e saitl for the desigii? for silver- smiths. Much of the best tableware, beautiful punch bowls and cups to bo used for prizes have their begin- nings in the lihode Island School of Design. Examples of the most effecti\-e wall papers to be found in the studios of New York and Boston are designed here and the same may lie s;tid of the moquet carpets and rugs. In the more conunonplace goods, such as cotton fabrics, textiles, both of wool and silk, manufactvu-ed in Provi- dence, all are notable for the superiority of their designs over those of other schools. All the various departments of the school are ecjuipped witli tlie most up-to-date appliances each !)eing couiplote ahuost to the minutest detail. There arc many artists, sculptors and illustrators now doing strong in(Ii\idual work who have received their instruction at the school, but of e\'en more importance are the positions of responsibility closely connected with the management of the principal industries of the State which are filled liy those who ha\'o learned to make original desigris of special excellence. To mention only one instance, in the Brown it Sharpe Mfg. Company, students from the mechanical department of the school fill the following positions: 1 superintendent, 3 designers, 3 fore- men controlling 408 men; 2 inspectors; 6 draughtsmen 3 gang bosses; 160 machinists, (see Museun'S). RI-Ii )DE ISLAND Sl'ATE NORMAL SCHOOL, Gaspee Street, dedicated 1898, perhaps the .finest building for its ])urpose in the country. It is of Renaissance architecture and with its beautiful gardens and approaches makes a most attracti\e spot in the centre of the city. Cost $500,000. STORES. LARGE DEPARTMEN r S'iORES. Largest are Cal- lender, McAuslan A Troup Co. (Boston Store), West- minster, Union and Eddy Streets. Shepard Co., Westmin- ster, LTnion and Washington. O'Gorman Co., West- minster, Eddy and Weybosset. Outlet Co., Weybosset Eddy and Pine. OTHER STORES. B. H. Gladding Co., corner West- minster and INIathewson, oldest dry goods store in America. Tildon-Thurber Co., corner Westminster and Mathewson, fine art goods. Hall it Lyons Co., Journal Building, corner Westminster and Eddy Streets, largest Drug Store in America. An unusual number of specialty stores of much interest. SUMMER RESORTS. NEWPORT, distance 28 miles, is reached by numerous steamers in summer, by several electric and steam trains and by Bristol Ferry — about If hours. BLOCK ISLAND, 55 miles, several ocean going steam- ers make daily excursions, an all day trip. NARRAGANSETT PIER, 32 miles via Sea View trolley in 2^ hours, also by steam trains on week days. WATCH HILL, SEACONNET, JAMESTOWN, SAUNDERSTOWN, and many other pleasant bayside and seashore places are easily reached by train, trolley or steamer. THEATRES. Providence Opera House, Dorrance Street, standard attractions. Keiths Theatre, Westminster Street, con- tinuous vaudeville fall and winter. Stock Company in summer. Imperial Theatre, Cathedral Square, burlesque in winter, Stock Company in Summer. Empire Theatre, Westminster corner Burrill, popular price drama; West- minster Theatre, Burlesque; Park Theatre, Scenic Theatre and others, vaudeville, moving pictures, etc. ; Auditorium, corner South Main and Power, Amateur dramatic performances. 51 INDEX Art in Provideiu'e 7 Automobiles (See Ititi-'xhiction to I'roxi'leiiee') 3 Baggage (See Tntroductioii to Proxideiiee) 3 Board of Trade 8 Buildings 8 Carriages (See Tntroduction to T'rovid'-nco) 3 Cemeteries 1] Churches 11 Civic Centie 13 Climate 13 Clubs 14 Colleges (See Schools) 46 Colonial Architetture 15 Conunerce 17 Financial On back of Map Fountains (See Memorials) 28 Gates (See Memorials^ 28 Historic Places 17 History 20 Hospitals 22 Hotels (See Introduction to Providence) . . 3 Introduction to Pro\idence (front of book) 3-6 Librari>>s 23 Mamifactuies 27 Memorials, Statuary, etc 28 MusfHuiis 31 Mu.->ic 35 Parks, ^([uares. Playgrounds 36 Philunthropy and Charity 38 Popular Resorts 42 Restaurants (See Introduction to Pro\ide!ice) 3 Roger \\iUiams (See also History) 43 Scenery 46 Schools and Colleges 46 Sfjuarcs (See Parks) 36 Steamers (See Introduction to Providence) 6 Stores 51 Summer Resorts and Shore Places 51 Tablets (See Memorials) 30 Theatres 51 Trains (See Introduction to Providence). . 6 Trolley Cars (See Introduction to Providence) 6 52 WEUESLEY j THE toPPOBTUMTIES ' OF PR0A2PENCE A BIRDS -EYE VIEW^OFTHE "METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF PROVI- DENCE DLANTAriONS"AND THE PLACES WITHIN CONVENIENT VISITING DISTANCE ' RHODE ISLAND IS THF MOST DENSELY I POPULATED STATE IN THE UNION . MASSACHUSE TTS RANKS NE/T. NEARLY 375.000 PEOPLE MAY REACH EXCHANGE PLACE FOR FIVE CENTS. MORE THAN 650,000 FOR NOT EXCEE DING TWEN TY-FIVE CENTS. THERE ARE 2.000,000 PEOPLE NEAR PROVI- [DENCE south o f BOSTON A ND WORCESTER . ,WITHINTHE80 MILE CIRCLE DRAWN AROUND PROVIDENCE ARE MORE PEOPLE THAN IN ANY SIMILAR AREA IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE, SAVE THOSE AROUND NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA. -STEAMER LINES 4g?T0N NAHANT MARBLEHeAD ABINGTON HITMAN BRIOCCWATER^ i-^^AVNHAM TROLLEY LINES- STEAM RAILROAD LINES- PATCHA\J^< VOLUNTOWtT; PONO \^ BEACH POND GLOUCESTER A\^ PLYMOUTH CARVER ^jlj^TREMONT I GREENf WOOORIVER-ONC, ONNET PT. -^ .•^'^ .iS^' >^c^ WATCH ^ COPYRIGHT 1907. Providence is the Natural Shopping Center of the District shown upon this map. HO, 2i 4% LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 110 177 8 L ■--^ I .->vg