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RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 
 
 Yesterday 
 and Today 
 
 COMPLIMKNTS OK 
 
 The City of Richmond 
 
 AND 
 
 The Chamber of Commerce 
 
 OF 
 
 Richmond, Va. 
 1913 
 
; wsf 
 
 &. ** tu 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and To-day 
 
lORKWOKI) 
 
 \ the preparation of tlii- little 
 brochure, an embarrassment of 
 riches has been experienced, a~ 
 tlic nature and limitations of 
 t lif publical ion rendered a pro- 
 cess of elimi na t i< in necessa v\ . 
 
 While ii is certain i bai nol hing has been 
 mentioned which should have been excluded, 
 
 yel - ■ things have no doubl been omitted 
 
 which were well and equally worthy of 
 at liiil inn. 
 
 Km as a free hand and ;i much more pre- 
 tentious volume would be required to do full 
 justice to such a theme as Richmond, the 
 author bespeaks consideration on the pari 
 of ili«' gentle reader, for errors and omis- 
 sions due largelj to lack of space. 
 
JAMtSTUVVN ISLAND 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 ICHMOND, the capital and metropolis of Virginia, 
 is renowned in history, and in the limelight of the 
 living present, enjoys a fair and enviable reputation. 
 The people of the 
 colonial seal community are 
 sometimes, in this age of material- 
 ism, the subject of friendly criti- 
 cism for dwelling too much in the 
 past; but were they insensible to 
 the traditions of Virginia and her 
 capital, they would ill deserve the 
 good fortune which now smiles 
 upon them ; and any description 
 of Richmond which failed to give 
 her past a proper place and presen- 
 tation would be most incomplete. 
 In May, 1607, shortly after 
 the landing of the English settlers captain john smit 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and 1 
 
 I'OWHATAN S GRAVE 
 
 at Jamestown, John Smith, Captain 
 Newport ami others ascended the 
 James river as far as the place where 
 Richmond now stands. In Septem- 
 ber, 1609, Smith, who was the presi- 
 dent at Jamestown, again ascended 
 the river to find a better location for 
 the colony than Jamestown. He pur- 
 chased from the Indians some land 
 near the present site of Richmond, 
 and so pleased was he with the place 
 that he called it Wane Such.' 
 
 In 1733 Colonel William Byrd 
 founded Richmond; in 1737 he ad- 
 vertised its advantages in the Virginia Gazette; and subsequently, 
 in 17s''. to expedite sales of lots in the town, his son established 
 the well known Byrd lottery, often referred to in conveyances of 
 the present day. 
 
 1 bus Smith, associated in story with the romantic Indian Prin- 
 cess 1'otahontas and her father, the famous Powhatan, may be con- 
 sidered the projector of Richmond; 
 while the Byrds, in the parlance of 
 to-day, were its promoters, lacking 
 none of the enterprise and specula- 
 tive spirit of the modern promoter. 
 1 lie town of Richmond was es- 
 tablished by the General Assembly of 
 Virginia in 1742, but it was not made 
 the capital of the State until 1 779, 
 when the seat of government was 
 removed here from the more ancient 
 city of Williamsburg. 
 
 It was also the capital of the late 
 Southern Confederacy, and the storm 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 1,1 KNtD DISTRICT OF RICHMOND AFTER THE EVACf ATION 
 
 center of the great war between the States. When evacuated 
 April 3rd, 1865, its business section was almost entirely destroyed 
 by a conflagration originating in the arsenals and warehouses, fired 
 by the Confederates as a war measure. 
 
 From the earliest colonial times the history of Virginia, and 
 especially Tidewater Virginia, including Richmond and its vicinity, 
 has, by great events and great men, been prominently connected 
 with every important era in the growth and development of the 
 country. This is amply attested by the landmarks on every side — 
 its battlefields, its historic buildings, and its monuments. 
 
Richmond. Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 CHIMBORAZO PARK AND STATION U. S. WEATHER BUREAU, 
 EASTERN KNI) OF GRACE STREET 
 
 Itinerary to Points of Interest 
 
 The purpose and compass of the present souvenir will only per- 
 mit publication of the following illustrations of some of the memorials 
 in Richmond, arranged as they may he most conveniently reached, 
 starting from Chimborazo Park, formerly the site of the largest 
 Confederate hospital in Richmond. This park affords a view of 
 James river, and overlooks 
 the valley of " Bloody 
 Run," the scene of a fam- 
 ous c o n H i c t w i t h t h e 
 Indians. The United 
 States \\ eather Bureau 
 Station is now located in 
 the center of this park. 
 
 I n passing note \ lew of 
 an old stone residence, the most old stone house, Washington's reputed 
 
 venerable in the city.) headqi arters 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today g 
 
 SCENE ON" JAMES KIN ER 
 
 MARSHALL PARK AND CONFEDERATE SOLD1EKS AND SAILORS MONUMENT, 
 FRANKLIN STREET. BETWEEN 27TH AND 2QTH 
 
io Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 V 
 
 <f 3I 
 
 
 L&(V/'--\JTj 
 
 
 "V 5KW % 
 
 
 ii / y y 
 
 
 -ill 
 
 Lt£* i II Urn 
 
 b R\ i M^AsL. lii iJ ^-^ tfi 
 
 — jrv i 
 
 1 "HjalaS 
 
 iBS#riH-*S 
 
 
 
 '% ©fig?:.--. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OLD PARISH CHURCH OF ST. JOHNS. BROAD AND TWENTY-FOURTH, GRACE AND 
 TWENTY-FIFTH STREETS 
 
 One of the most historic buildings in tin's city is St. John's 
 Church, where religious service was performed hefore the Revolu- 
 tionary war. In it are to be seen the following inscriptions : 
 
 St. John's, I 741 
 
 Whittaker : 
 
 To the glory of God, and in grateful memory of Reverend Alexander 
 Whittaker of Cambridge University, England. Rector of Henrico Parish, 
 l6l i-lbiy. A consecrated, faithful, zealous missionary of the Church of 
 England, vuho devoted his life to upbuilding the founders of Virginia in the 
 Christian religion, and to the conversion of the Indians, He instructed , bap- 
 tized and married Pocahontas. He was accidentally drowned in James River 
 in l6ij. 
 
 This tablet is erected by the congregation of St. John's Church, 1907 . 
 
 "Give me liberty, or give me death." To the glory of God, and as a 
 grateful tribute to the memory of her illustrious son and first Governor, Patrick 
 Henry, the Commonwealth of Virginia has caused this tablet to be erected. 
 
 In the Virginia Convention assembled in this Church, March 20, 1775, by his 
 immortal eloquence he inspired in his countrymen the clear conviction of truth 
 and duty, and aroused them to consecrate themselves to the defence of liberty . 
 
 May 29, 1736. June 6, 1799. 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 ii 
 
 Buchanan : 
 
 In memory of Reverend John Buchanan, D. D. Born in Scotland in 1743. 
 Died in Richmond, J'irginia, 1822. A. M. University oj Edinburgh. Rector 
 of Henrico Parish 17SJ-1S22. First Treasurer Diocese of Virginia. "The 
 beloved Parson." This stone placed by the congregation of St. John's Church, 
 IQIO , marks his grave under the old chancel. 
 
 Rose ; 
 
 //; memortam Robert Rose, D. D. Born JVebesters Alves, Scotland, Feb- 
 ruary 12, 1704. Died Richmond , J'irginia, June JO, iyjl. 
 
 Selden : 
 
 /;; memoriam Reverend Miles Gary Selden. Horn in J'irginia 1726, 
 Died 778$. Ordained in London. 1762. Minister of Henrico Parish 17 j2- 
 17S5. Member of Henrico Committee for Safety, 1774-1775 . Chaplain 
 l T irginia Convention J77J. 
 
 The First Baptist Church (Colored^ 
 
 The First Baptist Church (Colored) erected 17S0, rebuilt 1876. 
 
 The First African Baptist Church, the structure which pre- 
 ceded the present church as indicated in the above inscription, 
 was an old, historic building. Besides serving as a place of worship 
 for the colored people it was used for many other and notable pur- 
 poses. The Virginia Convention of 1829 and 1830 assembled 
 within its walls from December 1st to January 15th, and the 
 momentous meeting in 1865, after the failure of the Peace Con- 
 ference at Fortress Monroe, addressed by President Davis, Judah 
 P. Benjamin, R. M. T. Hunter and others which decided 
 to prosecute the war 
 until every resource be- 
 came exhausted, was 
 also held in the old 
 church. It was like- 
 wise the place where 
 Patti, Sontagand other 
 virtuosos of earlier and 
 later fame charmed the 
 Richmond public with 
 their performances. African church 
 
12 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 MOM'MtVI Al. CHIRCH, BROAD BETWEEN TWELFTH 
 AND COLLEGE STREETS 
 
 Monumental Church 
 
 In 1786 Richmond's 
 first theatre was built on 
 "The Theatre Square." 
 In that building the con- 
 vention met which rati- 
 fied the Constitution of 
 the United States. 
 Among those who made 
 that convention famous 
 were Madison. Monroe, 
 Henry, Mason, Pen- 
 dleton. That structure was burned in 1802. A new theatre arose 
 from the ashes of the first. The second theatre, from a singular 
 fatality, was burned December 26th, 181 1. It was filled with the 
 most brilliant representatives of Virginia's social, political and intel- 
 lectual life. Seventy-two lives were lost in that disaster including 
 the Governor of the State. The Monumental Church, completed 
 in 1814, was erected upon its site, and the monument in the portico 
 of the church covers the remains of the victims. 
 
 Confederate Museum 
 
 Behind the Museum is a section of the shaft of the Merrimac, 
 and the anchor chain of the Cumberland. 
 
 Inscription on Shaft: 
 
 *** Tablet contributed by the Franklin Buchanan Camp, U. C. /'., No. 74J, 
 Baltimore, Maryland. 
 
 \\ bite House of the Confederacy," was for some years after the 
 war used as a public school, but subsequently presented by the city 
 to the Confederate Memorial Literary Society, composed of patriotic 
 women of the South, who solely and most efficiently conduct its 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today. 13 
 
 CONFEDERATE MUSEUM 
 
 affairs. Aside from the association of the house as the residence 
 of Mr. Davis, the museum is of great interest. There is a collec- 
 tion here, that is entirely the work of Southern women which is 
 wonderfully interesting ; such things as the uniform worn by Gen- 
 eral Lee when he surrendered to General Grant ; autograph letters 
 from the famous generals, and many of them; Jefferson Davis' 
 private office and some of its furniture; the suit worn when he 
 was captured; many of his personal belongings; and war relics 
 from all over the South are to be seen. In addition to a number of 
 portaits, this museum contains a valuable collection of oil paintings, 
 scenes from the South, principally of Fort Sumpter and Charleston, 
 by Conrad Wise Chapman; and a series of water colors by Wm. 
 L. Shepherd, a Richmond artist, illustrating the life of the Confed- 
 erate soldier in camp and on the battlefield. 
 
u 
 
 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 Maury Residence 
 No. 1 105 East Clay street is 
 the house in which Commodore 
 Maury resided during the earlier 
 part of the war. 
 Inscription : 
 
 In this house Matthew Fontaine 
 Maury, 1. 1.. /)., U. S. A'., C. S. .7., 
 invented the submarine electrical tor- 
 pedo, 1861-1862. This stone is placed 
 by the Confederate Memorial Literary 
 Society, A. D. 1910. 
 
 The Valentine Museum, 
 upon the same street, only half 
 a block distant, is in an elegant 
 malry residence old residence, one of a num- 
 
 ber which made this street at one time the "Court end" of the city. 
 The building itself, with its well preserved and handsome interior 
 ornamentation, is a fine example of the architecture of the period. A 
 formal garden and court add to the quaintness. The museum com- 
 prises a collection of casts from the antique, an interesting exhibit of 
 old paintings, some fine pieces of German tapestry of the 17th cen- 
 tury, a collection of books dating from 1474, embracing print>, mez- 
 zotints and engravings, setting forth the history of printing ; a Vir- 
 ginia room contains works of colonial an-;! revolutionary times, and 
 the original cast of the re- 
 cumbent statue of General 
 Lee at Lexington; bu«- ';.■> 
 distinctive feature is its 
 ensemble of American- 
 Indian Archaeology, con- 
 taining burial mounds and 
 other works, which is sec- 
 ond only to the collection 
 in the Smithsonian In- 
 stitute at Washington. valentine museum 
 
 
 
 
 bL : ■ ' iT 
 
 j 
 
 ■ 
 
 SiSfef. 
 
 
 & 
 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 i5 
 
 VALhM INE STUDIO 
 
 Valentine Studio 
 To the true lover of art 
 the studio of Edward V. 
 Valentine, sculptor, at 807 
 E. Leigh street, will prove 
 intensel} interesting. It 
 maybe mo:t conveniently 
 reached from Clay and 
 Ninth streets, after passing 
 the Valentine Museum by 
 turning one block to the 
 right and half a block to the left on Leigh street. Mr. Valentine 
 designed the recumbent statue of General Lee, at Lexington, the 
 Lee statue in the Statuary Hall at Washington, that of Thomas 
 Jefferson, in the Jefferson Hotel, and the figures upon the Davis 
 monument on Monument avenue in this city, besides many other 
 notable effigies of real, mythological, and fancy characters, and his 
 studio is a rich repository of famous models. 
 
 John Marshall House, Ninth and Marshall streets. 
 
 Inscription ; 
 
 The residence of John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States. Bom 
 1758. 'Vied here /S35. Placed by the Association for the Preservation of 
 Virginia Antiquities, J907. 
 
 St. Paul's Church, 
 Grace and Ninth streets. 
 
 Peuu No. 63. President 
 Jefferson Davis. 1S61-1S63 . 
 
 Davis Memorial Win- 
 dow. Davis Tablet. 
 
 Peiv No. in. General 
 Robert Edward Lee, 1S61- 
 1865. 
 
 Lee Memorial Win- 
 dow. J^ee Tablet. 
 
 JOHN MARSHALL RESIDENCE 
 
i6 
 
 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 Rotunda: Capitol Build- 
 ing, Houdon's Statue of 
 Washington. 
 
 George Washington. 
 The General Assembly of 
 the Commonwealth of Virginia 
 have caused this statue to be 
 erected as a monument of af- 
 fection and gratitude to George 
 Washington, who uniting to 
 the endow men's of the hero 
 the virtues of the patriot, and 
 exercising both in establishing 
 the liberties of his country, has 
 rendered his name dear to his fellow-citizens and given the world an immortal 
 axample of true glory . Done in the year of Christ, J/87, and in the year of 
 the Commonwealth, the 12th. 
 
 Busts in niches: 
 
 La Fayette. 
 
 This bust was voted on the ijth day of December, 1781 , by the General 
 Assembly of the State of Virginia, to the honor of the Marquis de La Fayette, 
 Major-General in the service of the United States of America, and late Com- 
 mander-in-Chief of the army of the United States in Virginia, as a lasting mon- 
 ument of his memory and their gratitude. 
 
 Alar shall. Stuart. Fitzhu«h Lee. 
 
 ST. PAUL S CHURCH 
 
 CAf'I ["OL KUII Disn 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 17 
 
 The State Library in the State 
 Library Building, erected especially to 
 protect and preserve the valuable collec- 
 tion of old books, manuscripts, por- 
 traits, maps, curios, etc., is regarded 
 by visitors as one of the most instructive 
 and interesting places in the city. An 
 experienced and discriminating traveler 
 has said of this library : "The collec- 
 tions here are worth many miles of 
 travel to see, were there not another 
 thing in Richmond." 
 
 Washington Monument Capitol 
 
 lOUDON'S STATUE OF WASHINGTON 
 
 Square. (On pedestal of equestrian figure.) 
 Washington. 
 
 (On effigies surrounding equestrian figure) 
 Lewis, Henry, Mason, Jefferson, Nelson, Marshall. 
 
 STATE LIBRARY BUILDING 
 
18 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Todav 
 
 WASHINGTON MONUMENT 
 
 (On allegorical figures under each effigy, in previous sequence, 
 beginning with Lewis, subjects typified and names of battles.) 
 
 Colonial Times — V alley Forge. Point Pleasant. Revolution— Trenton. 
 Eutaiv Springs. Bill of %ights— Bunker Hill. Guilford Court House. In- 
 dependence— Princeton. Kings Mountain. Finance— Yorhtotun. Sara'oga. 
 Justice — Great Bridge. Stony Point. 
 
 Although the present Gubernatorial Mansion is not pretentious., 
 the "Governor's House" 
 which preceded it was 
 more modest being a mod- 
 erate- sized wooden build- 
 ing which accorded with 
 the simplicity of earlier 
 days and met the require- 
 ments of its occupants 
 from Henry and Jefferson 
 down to Monroe and 
 Pase. governor's mansion 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 IQ 
 
 CLAY STATUE JACK.SON STATUE 
 
 Clay Statue, Capitol Square. 
 Inscription : Henry Clay. 
 
 Though born in HanoverCounty, Virginia, in early life Clay moved 
 
 to Kentucky, and is generally spoken of as the great Kentuckian. 
 
 Jackson Statue, Capitol Square. 
 
 Presented by English gentlemen as a tribute of admiration for the soldier 
 and patriot, T. J. Jackson, and gratefully accepted by Virginia in the name of the 
 Southern people. Done A. D, l8jj, in the hundredth year of the Commonwealth. 
 
 "Look, there is Jackson standing like & stone wall." 
 
 MCGUIRE STATUE 
 
 SMITH STATUE 
 
20 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 E RESIDENCE 
 
 McGuire Statue. Capitol 
 Square. 
 
 Humer Holmes McGuire M. D. 
 I.. I.. D. 
 
 President of the American Medi- 
 cal Association and the American 
 Surgical Association. Founder cf the 
 University College of Medicine; 
 Medical Director Jackson's Corps, 
 Army Not titer n Virginia. * 
 
 Smith Statue. Capitol 
 Square. 
 
 William Smith Virginia. 
 
 "Born September 6, 1797 ■ Died 
 May '8, 1SH7. 
 
 1X36-40, IS4J-42, Member oj 
 Virginia Senate. 
 
 1846-4.0, Governor of Virginia. 
 
 1841-43 , 1833-61, Member of United States Congress. 
 
 1861-62, Member of Confederate States Congress. 
 
 1861-62, CAonel 4Qth Virginia Volunteers. 
 
 1S62-63, A Brigadier-General Confederate States Army. 
 
 1863-64, Major-General, Confederate States Army. 
 
 1864-6}, Governor of Virginia. * * 
 
 Lee Residence, 707 East Franklin street; now the home- of the 
 Virginia Historical Society. 
 
 Tablet : 
 
 The residence of General Robert E. 
 Lee, 1X61-1863. 
 
 The Virginia Historical Sociri 
 has a most important mission in 
 collecting, preserving and publish- 
 ing Virginia history. It has an 
 invaluable collection of books, 
 manuscripts, relics, etc. 
 
 Gamble's Hill. Southern end 
 of Third street overlooking the 
 Tredegar Iron Works where 
 ordnance was manufactured, and 
 
 R-ONZE CROSS, GAMBLE S HII.L 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 2t 
 
 Belle Isle, the site of a prison en- 
 campment during the war be- 
 tween the States, is marked by a 
 cross inscribed : 
 
 Captain Christopher Nenvport, John 
 Smith, Gabriel Archer, Honorable George 
 Percy, ivith gentlemen, marine!, soldiers 
 to the number of fiveuty-oue, explored 
 James River to the jails and setup a cross, 
 Whit-Sunday, June /o, 1607. This monu- 
 ment is presented to the City of Richmond 
 by the Association for the Preservation of 
 Virginia Antiquities, June /O, 1QOJ. 
 
 Dei Gratia Virginia Condita. 
 
 Jefferson Statue, Jefferson Ho- 
 tel, Franklin and Jefferson street. 
 Thomas Jefferson. 
 
 Author of the Declaration of Independence; of the Statute of Virginia for religious 
 freedom. Founder of the University of Virginia. Vice-President of the United States 
 of America, IJQ7-1801 . Third President of the United States of America, iSor- 
 f8oj. 1805-180Q. 
 
 THOMAS JEFFERSON 
 
 MONROE PARK, FRANKLIN, MAIN, BEI.VIDERE AND LAUREL STREET?; 
 
22 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 \\ 1L M:.-\M STATUE 
 
 Born at Shadnvell in the County of 
 Albemarle, Virginia, April fj, 1743. 
 DieJ at Montice/lo, Virginia, July 4, 
 1826. Governor of Virginia, I77Q- 
 1781. 
 
 Wickham Statue. Monroe 
 Park. 
 
 Soldier, Statesman, Patriot, Friend. 
 
 Presented to the City of Richmond 
 by comrades in the Confederate army, 
 and employees of the Chesapeake and 
 Ohio Railway Company. 
 
 William Carter Wick 
 
 September 21, 1820. July 23, 18S3. 
 
 Bryan Statue. Monroe Park. 
 
 To exalted citizenship in the private ivalks of life as illustrated by the caret r oj 
 Joseph Bryan, this statue is dedicated by the people of Richmond. The character of 
 the citizen is the strength of the State. 
 
 Horn at Eagle Point, Gloucester County, Virginia, August 13, 1845. Died at 
 Laburnum, Henrico County, Virginia, November 20, 1908, 
 
 Howitzer Statue. Park Avenue and Harrison Streets. 
 
 To the memory, the deeds and services oj the Richmond Howitzers of tin / 
 
 61-1865. 
 
 Stuait Monument, Monument 
 Avenue and Lombardy Street. 
 
 Major-General J. E. B. Stuart, Com- 
 manding Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern 
 Virginia, Confederate States of America. 
 
 This statue, erected by his comrades 
 and the City of Richmond, A. D. 190 , 
 " His countrymen yet mourn his loss and 
 cherish his memory. To his comrades in 
 arms he has left the proud recollection of 
 his deeds and the inspiring influence of his 
 example.'"'' General Robert E. Lee an- 
 nouncing the death of General Stuart to 
 his army, May 26, 1864. 
 
 Born Patrick County, Virginia, April 
 Died in Richmond, Virginia, 
 May 12, 1864, aged thirty-one years. 
 Critically --founded in the battle of Yellow BRYAN STATUE 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 23 
 
 Tavern, May 11, 1S64, he gave his life 
 for his country, and saved this city from 
 capture. 
 
 ''''Tell General Stuart to act on his 
 o--vn judgment and do what he thinks hest. 
 I have implicit confidence in him. " Gen- 
 eral "T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson in turning 
 over the command of his troops to General 
 Stuart after being -wounded at Ckancellors- 
 vi/le, May 3, 1S63. 
 
 Stuart Monument is at the 
 western end of Franklin street, 
 the beginning of Monument ave- 
 nue and the intersection of Lom- 
 bard)' street the eastern border of 
 howitzer monument Lee District. This district, a 
 
 square mile in area, was twenty years ago practically an old field, but 
 its dedication, and that of its principal avenue as a monumental way, 
 destined it to be a fashionable quarter of the city, and Monument 
 avenue one of the most noted Boulevards in America. 
 
 TUART MONUMENT 
 
_ j. Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today. 
 
 i 
 
 mriM-n^ftr r : 
 
 LEE CIRCLE, MONUMENT »VKWiib 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 25 
 
 DAVIS MONUMENT 
 
 Davis Monument. Monument and Davis Avenues. 
 
 Jefferson Davis, an exponent oj the Constitutional principles. Defender oj the 
 rights of States. Crescit occulto <velut arbor (Fro jama. 
 
 ' 'Not in hostility to others, not to injure any other section oj the country, not even 
 for our own pecuniary benefit, but from the high and solemn motive of defending 
 and protecting rights ice inherited and which it is our duty to transmit unshorn to 
 our children." Jefferson Davis in U. S. Senate, January 21, 1861. * * * 
 
 Erected by the people oj' the South in honor oj their great leader, commemmora- 
 ting their love for the man, their reverence for his virtues, their gratitude for his 
 services. * * * 
 
 'The navy of the Confederate States. Giving new examples of heroism, teaching 
 new methods of warfare, it carried the flag of the South to the most distant seas.* * * 
 
 The army of the Confederate States from Sumpter to Appomattox. Four years oj 
 unflinching struggle against overwhelming odds. * * * 
 
 After passing the Davis Monument three hlocks and turning to 
 the left on the Boulevard which leads to Byrd Park, just before 
 reaching the Soldiers' Home, is the site selected for the Confederate 
 Memorial Institute, popularly spoken of as the Battle Abbey. This 
 institution to be established by the Confederate Memorial Association, 
 will serve more than ever to make Richmond the Mecca of the South. 
 
26 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 SOLDIERS HOME, GROVE AVENUE AND THE BOULEVARD 
 
 OYRD PARK, THE BOULEVARD AND BEVERLY STREET 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 27 
 
 CONFEDERATE MONUMENT 
 
 Confederate Monument, Hollywood, South Cherry Street. 
 Erected by the Hollywood Memorial Association 7S69. 
 Numimi et Patrice Asto 
 Memoria in Aetei 1 ., 
 
 MONROE S TOM 
 
28 
 
 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 Monroe Tomb, Hollywood. 
 
 James Monroe. 
 
 Born Westmoreland County, 2Sth of 
 April, 1758. 
 
 Die J in the City of Ne<w York, 4th 
 of July, 1831. 
 
 By order of the dent nil Assembly his 
 remains nuere removed to this cemetery 
 5th of July, 185$, as an evidence of affec- 
 tion of Virginia for her good and honored 
 son. 
 
 Tyler's Grave, Hollywood. 
 
 John Tyler. 
 
 President of the United States from 
 1841 to 1845. 
 
 Born in Charles City County, Virginia, 
 March 29, 1790. Died Richmond. Vir- 
 ginia, January 17, 1862. 
 
 Maury's Grave, Hollywood. 
 
 Maury. — In memory of Matthew Fontaine Maury — Born in Spottsyl<vania 
 County, Virginia, January 14, 1806. — Died in Lexington, Virginia, February 
 /, 1873. — "All is ivell." — Entered the navy of the United States 1825; that 
 of the Confederate States /86/. — Author of Maury's Sailing Directions, and 
 The Physical Geography of the Sea. 
 
 MAURI 'S GRAVE 
 
 DAVIS SECTION, HOLLYWOOD 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 29 
 
 Statue of President Davis, and Winnie Davis, Daughter of the 
 Confederacy, Hollywood. 
 
 Jefferson Davis. At Rest. 
 
 An American Soldier and defender of the Constitution. 
 
 'Born in Christian County, Kentucky, June j>, 1808. Did at New 
 Orleans, Louisiana, December 6, l88g. 
 
 West Point Class, 1828. Member of the House of Representatives from 
 Mississippi, 1845-/846. Colonel First Mississippi Rifles Mexican War, /S46- 
 1847 . Brigadier-General United States Army , May 17, 1847. United States 
 Senate, 1847-/851. Secretary of War, /85J-/857. United States Senate, 
 /S57-/86/ . President of the Confederate States, 186/-/865. 
 
 Near the Davis section a simple shaft on granite base markes 
 
 the grave of Major-General Fitzhugh Lee, bearing the following 
 
 insciption : 
 
 Fitzhugh Lee of Virginia. — November, iSjj. — April, /905. — Faithful 
 unto death. — Major-General C. S. A., 1862-1865. — Commanding Cavalry 
 Corps, A. N. V., 1864-1865 . — Governor of Virginia, l886-l8go. — Consul 
 General to Cuba, i8q6-i8q8 — Major-General Commanding 7th Army Corps, 
 U. S. V., 189S.— Brigadier-General, U. S. A.— Retired 1901. 
 
 Hollywood concludes the itinerary suggested as affording some 
 conception of the city's historic interest, but many other points have 
 been omitted which the antiquarian or student of history would 
 think well worthy of attention. Shockoe Hill, Oakwocd and other 
 
 A. P. HILL MONUMENT 
 
 STUART MONUMENT, YELLOW TAVERN 
 
3o 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 places of sepulture contain the remains of a number of distinguished 
 patriots and soldiers. 
 
 Beyond, and north of the city limits, is A. P. Hill's monument, 
 a little further on is the shaft at Yellow Tavern which marks the spot 
 where Stuart fell, and to the east of the city the National Ceme- 
 teries, will well repay a pilgrimage on the part of those who can 
 afford the time. A more extended tour would include within a 
 short radius sites of the battles of Seven Pines or Fair Oaks, AJechan- 
 icsville and Gaines' Mill, the First and Second Cold Harbor, Sav- 
 ages' Station, Frazier's Farm, and other notable conflicts, until 
 Malvern Hill, near James river is reached. Beyond and south of 
 the James many other battles occured, notably that of the Crater 
 and others near Petersburg. 
 
 A trip down the river to Hampton Roads, where the Merrimac 
 and Monitor, the first ironclads, fought, abounds with points of 
 interest from the settlement of Jamestown to the war between the 
 States. 
 
 NATIONAL C'hMhrtK* 
 
Richmond. Virginia — Yesterday and Today 31 
 
 
 7? 
 
 Mr 7\ 
 
 The Body Politic 
 
 The administration of the affairs of Richmond will bear favor- 
 able comparison with that of any city in the Union, bavin- been 
 most efficient and successful from a business standpoint, and in 
 results accomplished for the public good. The attitude of the Ex- 
 ecutive, the Mayor; its Council, composed of two branches; the 
 heads of its various departments; its Committees, Commissions and 
 Boards, is conservative but at the same time progressive. 
 
32 
 
 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 MAIN STREET, LOOKING EAST 
 
 Public Improvements and Utilities 
 
 The streets, parks, public buildings, municipal utilities, and 
 other evidences of civic betterment, present a most favorable and 
 satisfactory showing. 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 33 
 
 BROAD STREET, LOOKING \\ 
 
 Main and Broad, the principal business thoroughfares, and Mon- 
 ument Avenue, Franklin and Grace streets, the most fashionable 
 residential streets, the three latter beautifully shaded, are well 
 graded, paved and handsomely budt up, while the rest of the city is 
 proportionately improved and attractive. 
 
 The Capitol Square, a park of ten acres in the center of Rich- 
 mond, is the property of 
 the State, but is a valu- 
 able addition to and ease- 
 ment of the City — full of 
 interest and beauty. 
 
 Chimborazo, Wil- 
 liam Byrd, Marshall, 
 Taylor's Hill, Gam- 
 ble's Hill, Monroe, 
 Jefferson, and Joseph 
 Bryan, (the latter north 
 of Richmond ) are the mr. f. r. scott's residence 
 
34 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 MONUMENT AVENUE 
 
 principal city parks, and have a combined area of 641/^ acres. 
 These parks are well distributed and are most interesting and 
 attractive resorts for strangers, as well as to the citizens of Rich- 
 mond. In addition to those mentioned, LAKESIDE and FOREST 
 Hill parks, beyond the corporate limits with its other environ- 
 ments, lend a great charm 
 to the city. All are reached 
 conveniently by the elec- 
 tric cars. 
 
 The City Hall, built 
 of Virginia granite, is a 
 splendid structure which 
 cost, with its equipment, 
 $1,657,000.00. The John 
 .Marshall High School, re- 
 cently completed at an 
 expense of $575,000.00 M r. < ; g valentine's kimdmu 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 35 
 
 LAKESIDE PARK 
 
 on the same square as the residence of Chief Justice John Marshall, 
 
 is a very handsome and commodius building, and admirably suited 
 
 to its purpose. 
 
 The Water Works and the Gas Works, municipally owned, 
 
 have been successfully operated for over fifty years, and these with 
 
 its recently constructed 
 electric light and power 
 plant, are some of the 
 city's most valuable pos- 
 sessions. 
 
 These properties could 
 be readily disposed of at 
 much higher figures than 
 their estimated values, but 
 the city consistantly ad- 
 heres to the policy of mu- 
 nicipal ownership. 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 FOREST Hll.L PARK 
 
 The City Ledger 
 
 The property owned by the citj is valued at $22,135,845 00 
 The city's total liabilities amount to .... 1 _'. 349.458 00 
 
 Excess of it- assets over its liabilities is . . $ 9,786,387 00 
 
 But in addition to the city's assets referred to above, worth 
 more than $22,000, 000. 00. large outlays not included in those 
 figures have been made for improvements of the most valuable 
 character; such, for instance, as over $2,250,000.00 for streel and 
 alley improvements during the last two decades, with liberal 
 appropriations made For repairs, and For maintenance upon a high 
 standard. The animal budget during the same period has 
 increased from $1,331,625.00 in [892 to $3,350,382.00 in [912, 
 and vet the nel splvencj of the city has increased while the per 
 capita debl of its citizens has decreased. 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 37 
 
 Taxable Values 
 
 The present financial condition of the municipality, which is 
 the best in its history, is but a reflex of the individual prosperity 
 of its citizens. 
 
 The total property values based on State assessment recently 
 completed are : 
 
 Real Estate $141,912,057 00 
 
 Personal Property 68,838,858 00 
 
 Total $210,750,915 00 
 
 The tax rate for all purposes is based upon j^ per cent, of the 
 market value of real estate, and the market value of personal 
 pr< iperty. 
 
 The city rate is on each $100.00 of the assessed value, $1 40 
 The State rate is on each $100.00 of the assessed value, 35 
 
 Making the total tax rate for all purposes on each 
 
 $ico.oo of the assessed value $1.75 
 
 FALLS OF JAMES RIVER 
 
38 
 
 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 LEAF TOBACCO SALE 
 
 Business Interests 
 
 Water Power and Water Transportation 
 
 Occupying both banks of the James, where the falls of the river 
 meet the tides of the sea, Richmond enjoys the advantages of both 
 water power and water transportation — basic features — one in con- 
 nection with the problem of production, and the other with that of 
 distribution. These great resources had a most important bearing 
 
 : M M Wjjfl i iW I if l 'IIIHI 
 
 NEW WAREHOUSES AMERICAN TOBACCO CO. SOUTH RICHMOND 
 
Richmond \ hjoivt* -Yp«;tk«day and Today 
 
 39 
 
 INTERIOR LARUS BROS. & CO.'S TOBACCO FACTORY 
 
 on the earlier growth of Richmond, but are far from being utilized 
 as fully as they should be at the present time. 
 
 That its water power (in part electrically developed immediately 
 at Richmond, to the best advantage under existing conditions; 
 is not more fully and effectively used, is largely due to the fact 
 that in years gone by the city, as a manufacturing centre, en- 
 joyed exceptional advantages in fuel for power purposes, drawn 
 from the coalfields near Richmond. 
 
 That the waterborne commerce of the city has not grown com- 
 mensurately with its growth in other respects, is due to causes 
 affecting it during recent years, which are common to many other 
 cities of the country similarly situated. 
 
 Plans are, however, being most earnestly considered which may 
 give to these industrial and commercial assets of the locality their 
 full force and value in hereafter contributing to the material pro- 
 gress of the community. 
 
4 o 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 
 TREDEGAR IKON WORKS 
 
 Natural Resources 
 
 The location of Richmond, geographically, is most favorable for 
 assembling raw materials from a wide extent of territory to the 
 north, south and west, in addition to those supplied from the 
 farms, forests and mines of Virginia itself, whose resources of this 
 character are both rich and varied. 
 
 The principal agricultural product of the State, besides the 
 staple crops of corn, wheat, oats and other cereals, is tobacco. 
 But it also produces the finest of vegetables and fruits, some of 
 which are peculiar to its soil. Its timber resources and its fisheries 
 are likewise most valuable. 
 
 An excellent display of the agricultural products of Virginia is 
 to be seen in the old hall of the House of Delegates, Capitol 
 Building, installed by the State Agricultural Department ; and a 
 splendid exhibit of the mineral and forest products of the State has 
 been recently established on the lower floor of the new w'ng of 
 the State Library Building. 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 41 
 
 BELLE ISLE — OLD DOMINION IRUN AM) NAI 
 
 There may also be seen at the annual meeting of the Vir- 
 ginia State Fair Association a varied and extensive display of agri- 
 cultural and country products of every description. 
 
 No question more deeply concerns the city from a material 
 
 AMtRICAN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS 
 
42 
 
 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 ALBEMARLE PAPER MANUFACTURING CO 
 
 RICHMOND PAPER MAM FACTURING CO. 
 
 STANDARD PAPER MANUFACTURING CO. 
 
 as well as a sentimental 
 standpoint than that of 
 fostering close and cordial 
 social and business rela- 
 tions between its differ- 
 ent sections, especially 
 between the capitol of 
 the Commonwealth and 
 its agricultural regions. 
 The organization of the 
 Virginia State Fair Asso- 
 ciation is proving a factor 
 of paramount importance 
 in the accomplishment of 
 that purpose, and in en- 
 couraging exhibits of agri- 
 cultural products, machin- 
 ery and other articles of 
 profitable exchange be- 
 tween the manufacturing, 
 commercial and agricul- 
 tural classes. 
 
 Manufacturing 
 Interests 
 
 These resources and 
 theopportunities theypre- 
 sented have given Rich- 
 mond prominence along 
 certain lines in the field 
 of industry, as illustrated, 
 for instance, by the to- 
 bacco factories making 
 plug and smoking tobacco. 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yestepday and Today 
 
 43 
 
 ONE OF THE PLANTS OF THE VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL CO. 
 
 cigars, cheroots and cigarettes, which have a world-wide reputation; 
 also the Richmond Branch of the American Locomotive Companj , 
 the Tredegar Company, the Old Dominion Iron and Nail Works, 
 the numerous and large plants of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical 
 Company, the Richmond Guano Company, the Richmond Cedar 
 
 RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS 
 
 Works, the several paper mills, the Southern Manufacturing Com- 
 pany, the flouring mills, and other plants which might he mentioned 
 if space permitted. 
 
 But besides these and other leading establishments, a large num- 
 ber and variety of industries are located here, as may be seen from 
 the following table: 
 
 RICHMOND GUANO COMPANY 
 
44 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 Statistics of Manufactures, 19 12 
 
 Description of Industry 
 
 No. ol 
 lants 
 
 No. ol 
 
 Hand;- 
 
 Automobiles, bicycles, locks and 
 
 gunsmil lis 35 
 
 Bakers, confectioners, chewing 
 
 gum 209 
 
 Beer bottling, liquors, mineral 
 
 waters, ice 27 
 
 Blacksmithing and wheelwrighting 53 
 Boots ami slnics, manufacturing 
 
 and repairing 163 
 
 Boxes, barrels, paper, twine bags •'!! 
 Bricks, granite, tile, marble, stone 34 1,223 
 Carpentering, contractors, builders, 
 
 plastering I 17 
 
 ( larriages, wagons, carts '■'>■'< 
 
 Clothing, men's merchant tailors, 
 
 shirts 76 
 
 Clothing, women's dressmaking, 
 
 millinery 1 75 
 
 Dairj products, pickles, vinegar.. 24 
 
 l)\ eing and cleaning 59 
 
 1 )rugs, medicine, perfumery *7 
 
 Electrical, typewriters, wiremakers '■'<'> 
 Fertilizers, chemicals, cement, 
 
 lime, grease, tallow, roofing, 
 
 florists. :S7 
 
 Flour, cornmeal, yeasl powders, 
 
 flavorings, blueing 15 
 
 Foundry, machine --I i < > | >~. agricul- 
 
 t ura I implements 38 
 
 Furniture, mattresses, upholstery, 
 
 ]iict ure frames, a w n i n n s, 
 
 cabinetmakers 
 
 Jewelers, hair works, photographj 
 
 Lumber, sash, doors, blinds 
 
 Packers, curers, butchers 
 
 Painters, varnish, paperhanging, 
 
 mica 
 
 Plumbing, gas, steam fitting, tin, 
 
 coppersmith, sheet iron 17 1 
 
 Print ing and publishing, book, job, 
 
 bookbinding, blankbooks, litho- 
 
 gra phy, engraving 
 
 Saddlery, harness, bides, leathei 
 Tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, che 
 
 roots 
 
 Tobacco, smoking, chewing, re- 
 
 60 
 
 4.") 
 
 ■SA 
 
 130 
 
 59 
 
 63 
 
 180 
 
 447 
 
 146 
 
 II I 
 
 1.4:52 
 1,947 
 
 1,021 
 
 2!>7 
 
 395 
 
 341 
 L59 
 •H 
 310 
 415 
 
 (I.., 
 
 378 
 190 
 
 ■ \.rl 
 ,625 
 590 
 
 159 
 
 130 
 
 1,628 
 45] 
 
 prising 
 
 Woodenware, willowware, trunk-. 
 brooms, brushes 
 
 1,985 
 3.975 
 
 17 
 
 I 1 1 .255 
 1,919 32,577 
 
 Capital 
 Employed 
 
 !U. sun s 
 130,007 
 
 981,210 
 342,100 
 
 820,005 
 960,250 
 790,100 
 
 1,105,000 
 325,150 
 
 387,200 
 
 281,210 
 247,250 
 35,150 
 77D. KM) 
 235,050 
 
 5. I'.H l.(M)l) 
 
 695,750 
 0,615,200 
 
 380,000 
 376,150 
 550,000 
 
 601 .lino 
 
 48,000 
 375,100 
 
 2,975,000 
 638,100 
 
 2,985,000 
 
 3,998,000 
 
 2,461,000 
 
 $36,004,942 $] 
 
 Annual 
 Sales 
 
 792,130 
 
 1,409 
 
 2.t) ( .)7 
 95 I 
 
 4,502 
 4,573 
 2,856 
 
 4.7)1)1 
 652 
 
 937 
 
 H77 
 
 659 
 
 7S 
 
 2,990 
 
 1,100 
 
 200 
 
 117 
 
 120 
 300 
 150 
 
 Kill 
 225 
 
 250 
 
 150 
 900 
 650 
 750 
 250 
 
 9,9S0,100 
 
 7,325,150 
 
 10,800,210 
 
 S75,100 
 
 87 1,000 
 
 2.785.250 
 
 3,500,225 
 
 115,250 
 
 2,575,150 
 
 1,450,000 
 2,509,1 10 
 
 6,975,000 
 L5,950,000 
 
 2,450,000 
 01.209,493 
 
kichmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 45 
 
 THKEK RAILWAY CROSSING 
 
 Commercial Advantages and Transportation Facilities 
 
 Next in importance to its industrial resources are the com- 
 mercial advantages which Richmond enjoys, both from nature 
 and from those instrumentalities of commerce created by human 
 intelligence and energy. 
 
 Water Transportation 
 
 James River is navigable and is a tidal stream from Richmond 
 to the sea. In addition to its commerce in sailing vessels, barges 
 and other craft, the Furman Line operates a steamer from Rich- 
 mond, via City Point, up the Appomattox River to Petersburg, and 
 two steamboat companies, the Old Dominion and the Virginia 
 Navigation Company, as well as the rail lines, connect at Norfolk 
 and Newport News with coast-wise and ocean-going vessels, afford- 
 ing the unrestricted advantages of the Atlantic Seaboard close at 
 hand and transportation facililties to all parts of the world. 
 
46 
 
 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 Railway Facilities and 
 Connections 
 
 Its strategic position as a gate- 
 way to the South enables Rich- 
 mond to command a large trade 
 with that section, and to engage 
 in extensive commercial trans- 
 actions in exchanging its own 
 products and the products and 
 commodities of the South with 
 souiHtMN ur.foi those of the North, Northwest 
 
 and West. The Chesapeake & Ohio, the Norfolk & Western, 
 the Southern, the Seaboard Air Line, the Atlantic Coast Line and 
 the Richmond-Washington Air 
 Line, the latter making close con- 
 nection at Washington with the 
 Pennsylvania and the Baltimore 
 & Ohio systems, afford excep- 
 tional shipping facilities for 
 reaching a vast territory. The 
 favorable rates enjoyedover these 
 extensive systems by the mer- 
 chants of Richmond are largely 
 due to the actual and potential influence of its water transportation 
 
 Wholesale Business 
 
 MAIN STREhT DtPOT 
 
 KYKI) ? I Kh.h i DKI'O' 
 
 As a result of its transportation 
 advantages, Richmond has a job- 
 bing trade only second in volume 
 and value to its manufacturing in- 
 terests, as will appear from the fol- 
 lowing table of the business done 
 in the leading lines of its whole- 
 sale trade : 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 47 
 
 CARY STREET — CONGESTED WHOLESALE DISTRICT 
 
 .inl'.l'.INi; TRADE, 1912. 
 
 ( 'lass. Artici i: or Kind. 
 
 Capital in Annual 
 
 Business. Sale-. 
 Groceries, confectioneries, liquors, cigars and 
 
 tobacco $ 3,275,000 $21,100,000 
 
 Provisions 1,998,000 14,600,100 
 
 Boots and shoes 1 .700,000 8,055,450 
 
 Dry goods and notions 1,330,000 5,350,000 
 
 Coal, wood, hay, seeds, mir-e.v 978,000 5,150,700 
 
 Drugs, licorice, flavorings . . .' 655,000 3,100,000 
 
 Hardware, agricultural implements 575,000 3,000,250 
 
 Railway, mill, plumbing supplies 566,000 4,115,< 
 
 Hats. cap-, clothing, millinery, straw goods 368,000 1,925,000 
 
 Sewing machines, typewriters, electrical, bicycle? 
 
 automobiles, sporting and rubber goods. . . . 395,000 2,975,000 
 
 Oils, paint, varnish, glass 338,300 L,850,000 
 
 Leather, hide-, saddlery, tanbark 280,000 2,000,100 
 
 Stoves, tin. china, earthenware 310,000 1,465,000 
 
 Books, stationery, papers 337,000 1,650,000 
 
 Furniture, carpets upholstery ISO. mm 985,250 
 
 Pianos, organs, musical instruments 350,000 975,800 
 
 Totals $13,635,1 $78,297,750 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yfsterday and Today 
 
 Its wholesale establishments, ware- 
 houses and yards handling groceries, 
 provisions, dry goods, boots and shoes, 
 hats and caps, hardware, agricultural 
 implements, leaf tobacco, lumber and 
 other staple articles, are too numerous 
 a;iJ extensive to be satisfactorily illus- 
 trated within the limits of this publi- 
 cition, but individually and collectively 
 they are representative of one of the 
 ?J most important commercial centers in 
 chamber of commerce building, the South, and the trade of Richmond is 
 
 MAIN AND 9TH STREETS 
 
 erected 1893— razed 191 1 yearly expanding in almost all directions. 
 
 Rapid Transit 
 
 Business and social intercourse is greatly facilitated by the ex- 
 cellent electric railway systems at Richmond, which are extensive 
 and render most excellent service. The Virginia Railway & Power 
 Company has i i8t m o 3 o miles of track, which afford facilities for reaching 
 almost all quarters of the city; and by an interurban line it reaches 
 Petersburg, 23 miles to the south. The Richmond & Chesapeake 
 Bay Electric Railway, projected originally to penetrate the 
 Northern Neck of Virginia, operates a line to Ashland, 16 miles 
 distant. And the Richmond & Henrico Railway, a line recently 
 completed, now operates its cars over %Y\ miles of track, and is 
 contemplating important extensions. The equipment of all these 
 lines is first-class, the schedules are quick, and the system of trans- 
 fers at junction points is extensive, enabling the public to reach 
 most places in the city, and many of its suburbs, economically and 
 conveniently. The Norfolk & Portsmouth Traction Company, 
 operating 14O1V,, miles of track, has been recently consolidated 
 with the Virginia Railway & Power Company, and this most 
 important merger will probably lead ultimately to an interurban 
 trolley line between Richmond and Norfolk. 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 49 
 
 i\ 
 
 it 
 
 i 
 
 
 i 
 
 BJi 
 
 23 33 
 
 
 
 Hi Wti 
 
 Tllp 
 
 If Si 
 
 .Urn 
 
 ■9 jj| tt f. 
 
 » -* * 
 
 H II I 
 
 ■• *, I 
 
 
 . — V 
 
 30C 
 
 
 
 The building of the First National Bank Building Corporation erected 
 upon the site formerly occupied by the Chamber of Commerce Building. The 
 home of the First National Bank, the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway and the 
 Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad. 
 
50 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and i oda/ 
 
 VIEW OF RICHMOND FROM NORTHERN SUBURBS 
 
 Retail Trade 
 
 The retail establishments of Richmond will compare favorably 
 with those of any city of her size 
 in the country. Broad Street, 
 one of its principal shopping thor- 
 roughfares, is lined with a num- 
 ber of emporiums which have only 
 to be seen 'to fully substantiate 
 this claim. The people of the 
 community as a rule demand a 
 superior quality of goods, which 
 fact has encouraged a high class 
 of merchandising. From the sur- 
 rounding country there comes a 
 lar<^e mail order business. mutual building 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 5i 
 
 Financial Institutions 
 
 Of course a given volume of business calls for corresponding 
 banking facilities, and Richmond possesses not only sufficient bank- 
 ing institutions and capital to afford liberal accomodation to all 
 meritorious local demands, but it is fast establishing such financial 
 relations with outside territory, especially southern business centers, 
 as to cement and augment the extensive commercial relations 
 already existing. Attention is invited to the subjoined statement 
 in reference to the Banks and Trust Companies of the city. 
 
 Condensed Statement of Richmond Banks February 4, 1913. 
 Com I'ir. Hi) By W. P. Shelton. 
 
 ASSETS: 
 
 Loans and Cash and Total Due from Total 
 
 Investments. C. II. Exchange. Banks, etc. Assets. 
 
 First National $10,244,900 31 $ S00,307 33 $1,817,582 51 $1S,S02,910 15 
 
 Planters National 0,703,1,79 10 570,750 55 1,074,801 97 S,40S,737 OS 
 
 Merchants National .... 6,005,303 10 449,857 70 1,204.494 09 S, 259,71.". 04 
 
 American National .... 6,597,488 83 l:',7.ssr, 89 S15.4o.-j s:s 7,s.~,o,77S 55 
 
 National State and City 6,023,200 s7 472,786 53 735,014 49 7,231,001 89 
 
 Virginia Trust Co 2,234,705 98 16,197 18 8S8.044 47 3,139,547 63 
 
 Union Bank of Richmond 2.075,270 07 3,254 31 14,822 49 2,093,352 87 
 
 Broad Street Bank .... 1,730,636 04 84,333 41 53,245 22 1, SOS. 214 07 
 
 Savings Bk. of Richmond 1,711,802 71 14.224 79 70,531 S4 1,S02,559 34 
 
 Bk. of Commerce & Trusts 1,301.302 22 23,781 88 168,665 47 1,493,749 57 
 
 Richmond Trust & Savings Too. 477 42 1,235 04 576,887 14 1,287.599 00 
 
 Commonwealth Bank ... 1.110,540 13 41,560 94 86,467 24 1,244,574 31 
 
 Central National 900.317 27 79,556 25 39.362 00 1,079,236 IS 
 
 Mechanics and Merchants 844,716 30 33,595 68 34,848 24 913,100 22 
 
 Richmond Bk. & Trust Co. 729,82c, 52 1S.113 11 67,156 25 815,095 ss 
 
 Church Hill Bank 524.392 08 17.4S7 48 122.4ir> !i4 664,295 50 
 
 Manchester National 529,225 01 31,665 55 36,301 13 597,192 29 
 
 Main Street Bank 504,125 84 14,310 54 30,772 09 555,209 07 
 
 West End Bank 213,113 43 7.075 35 12.24s 17 233,036 95 
 
 Totals $57,419,655 98 $3,118,645 57 $7,861,665 84 $68,399,967 39 
 
 LIABILITIES: Circulation, Bond 
 Account 
 
 Surplus and Total and other Total 
 
 Capital, Profits. Deposits. Liabilities. Liabilities. 
 
 First National. ..$2.0oo,ooo $1,233,882 2o $12.c,20,725 05 $3.oo2.3<">2 90 $1S. 802,910 15 
 
 Planters National 300,000 1,467,764 55 6,244,873 13 396,100 00 8,408,737 68 
 
 Merchants Nat'l. 200.000 1,237,016 34 6,627,698 70 195,000 00 8,259,715 04 
 
 American National 1,000, 183,693 19 t,988,085,36 1.179,000 00 7.850.77s •",:. 
 
 Nat'l State & City 1. 000,1100 782,040 7:> 4,950,563 60 498,397 50 7,231,001 89 
 
 Virginia Trust Co. 1, ), 181,342 66 1,450,704 97 507,5 1 3.139.547 63 
 
 Union Bk. of Rd. 219,750 530.804 95 1,267,797 92 75,001 2,093,352 s7 
 
 Broad Street Bk. 200,000 127,878 tO 1,540,336 27 1,868,214 67 
 
 Savings Bank .. 200,000 240,287 s2 1,302.271 52 1,802,359 34 
 
 Bk. at Com'ce & 
 
 Trusts .... 250.000 147,951 39 1 ,053,603 18 12.195 00 1,493,749 .".7 
 
 ltd Trust & Sgs. 585,800 24,964 06 262,635 54 414.2 1,287,599 60 
 
 Commonw'lth Bk. 30C/000 47,:ill 83 777.202 48 120.00000 1,244,574 31 
 
 Central National 350,000 53,271 63 585,964 53 '.10.0011 00 1,079,236 18 
 
 Mech'cs & Mer'ts 100.000 122,052 91 691,107 31 913,160 22 
 
 Rd. Bk & Trust 300,000 ir>.74:'. 72 474.352 16 25.000 00 815,095 ss 
 
 Church Hill Bk. 72,720 14,484 74 524,810 76 52,280 00 664,295 50 
 
 Manchester Natl. 150,000 20,807 44 282.609 85 143,775 00 597,192 29 
 
 Main Street Bk. 192.100 22,051 07 281, 057 40 60.000 00 .-,.-,5.209 07 
 
 West End Bank. 25. 1 21,190 42 180,846 53 233,036 95 
 
 Totals. .. .$8,445,370 $6,974,540 71 $46,179,306 28 $6,800,750 10 $68,399,967 39 
 
 Old Dominion Trust 
 
 jusl organized 81. nun. 1 $1, ,01 
 
52 
 
 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 t I[Cf milium,, 
 
 LI t L k 1 1 llllliiini 
 II III 1 1 liiaiiino 
 
 ...H S ,.. ! j!ig! 
 
 AMERICAN NATIONAL- BANK BUILDING 
 
 In addition to the National 
 Banks, the State Banks, and the 
 Trust Companies of Richmond, 
 there are a number of prominent 
 private bankers and brokers doing 
 a large business in investment and 
 other securities. 
 
 Life and Fire Insurance 
 Companies 
 
 The development of home in- 
 surance companies in the South 
 was a slow process for many years 
 after the war, most of the old 
 companies having been either wiped out of existence or sorely crip- 
 pled by the vicissitudes of that period, and there being little local 
 wealth then available for organizing such enterprises upon a basis 
 to compete successfully with outside companies. But Richmond 
 now has five home companies, three fire and two life, the com- 
 bined income of which in 1910 amounted to $4,169,653.25. The 
 figures with reference to the income of 
 the foreign life and fire companies, re- 
 ceived through their general offices lo- 
 cated here are not available for last year, 
 but based upon comparative figures of 
 previous years, the income of those 
 companies exceeds that of the home 
 companies, approximately, iOO per cent. 
 
 Building Operations 
 
 A most significant indication of the 
 progress of Richmond is afforded bj 
 the record of its building operations. 
 In the erection of office buildings and travelers insurance building 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 53 
 
 other business structures, hotels, apartment houses, residences, 
 places of amusement, etc., the greatest activity prevails, and all of 
 this work, conducted under the supervision of the city's Building 
 Inspector, is of a very substantial character. From the annual 
 reports of that official, whose office was created August 1, 1907, 
 building operations contracted for in the citv were: 
 
 For the calendar year 1908 $3,169,431 00 
 
 For the calendar year 1909 3,574,812 00 
 
 For the calendar year 1910 4,012,822 00 
 
 For the calendar year 191 1 6,018,699 00 
 
 For the calendar year 1912 0,255,711 00 
 
 The phenomenal increase in 191 1 and 1912 is all the more 
 striking as each year since 1908, until 191 1, respectively, exceeded 
 its preceding year nearly half a million. Of the entire building 
 values of the city, taxable and non-taxable, it is conservatively 
 estimated that 25 per cent, has been created in the past five years. 
 
 The general progress and development during the last decade 
 is indicated by the following summary : 
 
 Per. Cent. For Cent, ol 
 
 Subject. ¥ear 1912. Year 1911. of increase Year 1901 Inc. 10 
 
 Last Year. Years. 
 
 Population 132,04.- 129,291 2.13 93.239 38.64 
 
 Taxable Values 148,768,790 1 44. 220. 063 3.15 71,581.855 101.48 
 
 Telephones 16,165 14,504 11.45 2.2S3 535.30 
 
 Strert Railways, miles 127.58-100 
 
 Street Railways. Passengers .. 55,925,442 51,324,848 8.22 
 
 Post Office Receipts 798,821 7:'.:;. 077 8.97 295.:: IT Its. 17 
 
 Building Operations 6,255,711 0.018,099 3.94 
 
 Manufactures. 
 
 Number Industries 1,919 1.871 2.57 1,369 36.07 
 
 capital Employed 36,004,942 35,354,595 1.84 23,969,613 47.50 
 
 Number Hands Employed 32.577 32,326 0.7S 27.975 15,55 
 
 Annual Sales L01, 209,493 95,707,640 5.75 55,958,105 71.03 
 
 Jobbing Tradi . 
 
 Capital in Business 13,635,300 13,481,550 1.73 10.2S5, 31. OS 
 
 Annual Sales 78,297,750 71.15s.95n 5.16 41,373,000 79.97 
 
 Banking. 
 
 Bank Clearings 429.7s7.122 392,574,30] 9.48 198,091,536 98.11 
 
 Rank Deposits 47,581,800 45,858,400 3.75 20,021,740 128.90 
 
 Hank Leans and Discounts .... t7.s75.Hni 12,919,500 11.55 18.621,954 130.47 
 
 Bank Capitol and Surplus .... 14.s42.loii 13,678,200 8.55 8,579,359 59.12 
 
54 
 
 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 RICHMOND COLLEGE 
 
 Institutions Significant of Moral and 
 Social Progress 
 
 Thus far reference has been made to the history, government, 
 business and material interests of the city. It remains to describe 
 as briefly as possible those developments and institutions which 
 are the expressions of the real hopes, aspirations, tastes and de- 
 sires of the people — that have resulted from their voluntary efforts 
 or the action of the government which represents them. 
 
 Churches 
 
 Richmond is pre-eminently a church-going, and church-loving 
 community. The different denominations all have their faithful 
 and ardent followers, but without bigotry or intolerance. On the 
 contrary, respect for honest differences of religious belief is a 
 marked characteristic of her people. 
 
 In all there are 135 churches and 37 missions in Richmond, of 
 which 91 churches and 21 missions are attended by white people, 
 and 44 churches and 16 missions by the colored. 
 
 St. John's Church, the First African, the Monumental and 
 St. Paul's have already been referred to in the preceding itenerary to 
 points of interest as object lessons in history; but each of the lead- 
 ing denominations of Richmond had their old churches, with most 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 55 
 
 
 a 1 i J 
 
 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 
 
 SEVENTH STREET CHRISTIAN CHURCH 
 
 interesting histories and traditions. These, however, on account 
 of their location in what, though once a residential neighborhood, 
 have given way to the expansion of the business center of the city, 
 so that the congregations of nearly every persuasion here now wor- 
 ship in more modern edifices, removed from the business center. 
 
 The First Presbyterian, the oldest existing edifice of that de- 
 nomination, first erected in 1852, is remarkable on account of its 
 having been removed from its location at 10th and Capitol Streets 
 and rebuilt of the identical material and in its original form, at 
 Grace and Madison Streets, to afford an enlarged site for the 
 present City Hall, completed in 1903. 
 
 The Seventh Street Christian, Grace and 7th Streets; the 
 Second Baptist Church, Franklin and Adams Streets; the Park 
 Place Methodist, and the Sacred Heart (Catholic) Cathedral, 
 both fronting Monroe Park; the Beth Ahabah Synagogue, Franklin 
 and Ryland Streets; St. John's German Evangelical, Marshall and 
 8th Streets, and the First English Evangelical-Lutheran Church, 
 corner of Monument Avenue and Lombardy Street, are among 
 the modern, or comparatively modern religious edifices, and are 
 typical. 
 
56 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 Largely supported 
 by the churches, by 
 charitably disposed in- 
 dividuals, especially the 
 good ladies of the city, 
 and also liberally by the 
 municipality and the 
 medical profession , 
 there are 15 hospitals 
 in Richmond. These 
 institutions provide 
 treatment not only for local patients, but for a number brought from 
 other parts of Virginia and neighboring States, the Richmond physi- 
 cians and surgeons enjoying a wide and most favorable reputation. 
 Supported in a manner simihr to the hospitals, there are 34 
 eleemosynary institutions, caring tor the orphan, the aged, and 
 those otherwise afflicted. 
 
 SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH 
 
 Educational Facilities and Advantages 
 
 The public school system of Richmond is conducted along 
 modern and progressive lines. Its attendance of nearly 20,000 for 
 the session of 191 2- 191 3 was looked after by 532 teachers and 
 
 officers. The curricu- 
 lum of the elementary 
 schools, while not ig- 
 noring the old essen- 
 tials of education 1 the 
 three R's and kindred 
 subjects) offers instruc- 
 tion in manual train- 
 ing, drawing, domestic 
 science and music. The 
 curriculum of the 1 [igh 
 School is far-reaching 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 57 
 
 PARK-PLACE METHODIST CHURCH 
 
 ST. JOHNS GERMAN EVANG. CHURCH 
 
 in its preparation of boys and girls for life, offering excellent 
 courses for both sexes in the manual arts and business courses, 
 as well as courses preparatory to college. 
 
 The city owns 34 school buildings valued at $1,546,772.79, and 
 equipped at a cost of $115,447.51. The new John Marshall High 
 School, named after the great Chief Justice, with grounds, build- 
 ing and equipment, cost $575,000.00. It is regarded as one of the 
 best in the entire South. Its science department is unexcelled in 
 any secondary school in the South. The City Council of Richmond 
 is making ample provision for enlarged school facilities. Under 
 instructions from the Council, the City School Board is planning 
 and has constructed five elementary school buildings at a cost of 
 $406,002.13 for white pupils, and one for colored pupils to cost 
 $35,339.00. In addition, contracts are made for new schools 
 amounting to $213,866.69. 
 
 There are also in the city 36 private educational insti- 
 tutions with a total enrollment of 6,042. Among its private 
 institutions should be noted the Medical College of Vir- 
 ginia, the Richmond College and Woman's College of Rich- 
 mond, with a total enrollment of t,i82. 10 parochial schools 
 
5» 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 with an enrollment of 
 1,698, two business col- 
 leges with an enrollment 
 of 986; and 20 academic 
 institutions with 2,176 
 pupils. 
 
 Richmond College, 
 founded in 1832. has 
 graduates in every State 
 in the Union. Its stand- 
 
 K1RST ENGLISH EVANGEI.ICAL-LUTHEKAN CHURCH ^Ll'ds iil'e lli'dl aild itS 
 
 diplomas from either the academic or law departments are every- 
 where regarded as guarantees of excellence. It is conducted by 
 the Baptist denomination, hut is non-sectarian. This college has 
 outgrown its present quarters. 
 
 I he Woman's College, conducted under the same auspices, 
 on account of its excellence enjoys so large a patronage from the 
 South that a new and more commodious building will have to be 
 provided. Both of these institutions will be removed to an exten- 
 sive tract of land near Westhampton, west of the ciry, where with 
 beautiful surroundings they will enjoy greatly increased facilities and 
 advantages, many of which can be used in common. 
 
 The Union Theological Seminary, the leading theological insti- 
 tution of the Southern 
 Presbyterian Church, is 
 centrally located in Ginter 
 Park, a most beautiful and 
 attractive suburb of Rich- 
 mond. The attendance at 
 this institution is about as 
 large as that of all the 
 other theological semi- 
 naries of this denomina- 
 tion in the South. 
 
 BETH AHABAH SYNAGUGUE 
 
Kichmomd, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 59 
 
 
 m r: ->- ■ - i mm^m^^ f „i 
 
 
 IWI^lSjl3fI 
 
 *Trr^- E, ' i,i » 
 
 CTlDtl 
 
 'WUUUf 
 
 innnnr 
 
 K7r : I 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^Bfi 
 
 ".-. -.-■ ; 
 
 
 The Virginia Mechan- 
 ics Institute, founded in 
 1854, 1S rendering assis- 
 tance of inestimable value 
 to ambitious young men 
 who work for their living 
 during the day and attend 
 the night classes of the 
 Institute. It is adding 
 potential factors to the 
 
 JOHN MARSHALL H.CH SCHOOL ^^ ^ industrial j n _ 
 
 terests of the community. The Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion, in its new, commodious and well appointed home at Grace 
 and Seventh Streets, is also rendering similar and most important 
 educational services in its night school. 
 
 In addition to the liberal provisions made in the public schools 
 of Richmond for their instruction, there are two institutions specifi- 
 cally designed for the higher education of the colored race: the Vir- 
 ginia Union University, under the auspices of the American Bap- 
 tist Home Missionary Society, and the Hartshorn Memorial Col- 
 lege. 
 
 Other Educational Factors 
 
 Of interest to those engaged in educational work is the fact 
 that the only large text 
 book publishing house in 
 the South (the B. F. 
 Johnson Publishing Com- 
 pany) is in Richmond. 
 Beginning in a small way 
 with the publication of a 
 history and a set of school 
 readers, the business has 
 gradually grown until now 
 the Company finds a vvm. f. fox school 
 
6o 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 steadily increasingdemand 
 for its books from every 
 part of the United States. 
 Its list of authors and 
 editors include many well- 
 known educators. The 
 work of making and pub- 
 lishing the books of this 
 company is done in Rich- 
 mond, and gives employ- 
 
 MEDICAL COLLEGE OF VIRGINIA mem to more tna n 200 
 
 skilled laborers, the total number issued and sold during the last 
 twelve months exceeding 1,500,000 copies. 
 
 The Press of Richmond 
 
 Of secular newspapers, Richmond has two morning dailies, The 
 Times-Dispatch and The Tijchrnond Virginian, and two evening dailies, 
 The News Leader and The 'Richmond Evening Journal. These jour- 
 nals are most liberal in devoting the time and talent of their staff 
 and space in their editorial and news columns to all matters pertain- 
 ing to the welfare and progress of Richmond. 
 
 In addition to the daily newspapers, there are 37 other pub- 
 lications issued in Richmond, weekly, or at longer periods, devoted 
 to religious, educational, commercial, professional, or other special 
 interests. 
 
 Art Associations 
 For some years after 
 the war circumstances 
 were not conducive to 
 any general development 
 of artistic taste in Rich- 
 mond. More prosaic and 
 imperative demands, as a union theological seminary 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 61 
 
 rule, absorbed the time 
 and means of its people, 
 but with improved condi- 
 tions a much wider and 
 more active interest is 
 being felt. 
 
 The Richmond Art 
 Club, now modestly domi- 
 ciled in an unpretentious 
 old family residence, is, 
 mechanics institute through its educational 
 
 and social influence, promoting a healthy growth and interest in art, 
 which promises more general culture of the talent and taste within 
 the sphere of its influence. Individual examples of genius and 
 high achievement, both with chisel and brush, are by no means 
 lacking here; and a community which can lay claim to the nativity 
 or career of a Valentine, an Ezelciel, a Sully, an Elder and a 
 Sheppard, is evidently possessed of the artistic element. The 
 mission of the Richmond Art Club is to cultivate this element, 
 and afford better facilities and opportunities to home talent in Vir- 
 ginia and neighboring States, as well as Richmond. Unendowed, 
 and with resources as yet quite limited, it has already done much, 
 and with the prosecution 
 of its propaganda, the 
 Club itself is destined to 
 grow and prosper into an 
 institution having a home 
 and appointments com- 
 mensurate with its aims 
 and ideals. 
 
 Among the musical 
 organizations of Rich- 
 mond, the Wednesday 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 
 
62 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 Club is the largest. It 
 has a chorus membership 
 of about 300, and a sub- 
 scribing membership of 
 550. Its chief purposehas 
 been choral work, and 
 the result of the training 
 received by the chorus 
 has been a distinct im- 
 provement in the musical 
 art club taste of the community 
 
 as evidenced by the good work of the choirs in the city churches 
 and their adherence to elevated musical standards. At its annual 
 festivals, which give universal satisfaction to music lovers, the 
 work of the chorus has been augmented by the very best vocal 
 artists and orchestras available. At its several festivals it has 
 been fortunate in securing soloists of national reputation from 
 the Metropolitan "Grand Opera Company and its orchestra, pro- 
 bably the best in the country. 
 
 One of the oldest musical societies in the country is the Gesang- 
 verein Virginia, having been organized in 1852. On its roster 
 appear many of the well known names of the early German families 
 of prominence in Rich- 
 mond. Taking an active 
 part in all the " Sanger- 
 fests," the Gesangverein, 
 in 1873, held its first 
 "Sangerfest," which was 
 attended by singers of 
 many Northern cities and 
 proved to be a pronoun- 
 ced success. It was dur- 
 ing these years that the woman's club 
 
 Safe 
 
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 1 
 
 *0% 
 
 i£ifl§f 
 
 
 \~- ■ _ * I 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 63 
 
 WESTMORELAND CLUB 
 
 association reached its 
 zenith in the production 
 of the operas of " Der 
 Freischiitz " and " Stra- 
 della," which were ren- 
 dered with such excel- 
 lence as to induce a call 
 for their reproduction by 
 special request of the Gov- 
 ernor of Virginia. 
 
 The neighborhood of 
 the old home of the Gcsangverein was so invaded by the rapid 
 expansion of the business section of Richmond that it was found 
 expedient to remove to temporary quarters for its weekly meetings, 
 pending the acquisition of a new " Sanger Halle. " 
 
 The Philharmonic Association is devoted more particularly to 
 the presentation of instrumental music by amateur musicians of 
 the community. It is doing excellent work, and occupies a sphere 
 entirely different from that of the Wednesday Club and the 
 Gesangverein-Virginia. The most harmonious relations exist be- 
 tween these organizations. 
 
 Historical and Other Patriotic Associations 
 
 Richmond, consider- 
 ing her size, enjoys more 
 than the usual comple- 
 ment of historical, liter- 
 ary, military, civic, pro- 
 fessional, social, fraternal, 
 and other societies and or- 
 ganizations. Space only 
 permits the mention of a 
 few of the most notable. 
 
 The Association for commonwealth club 
 
64 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 ... ----.- 
 
 
 L _ t 11 » 1" 
 
 
 * 
 
 the Preservation of Vir- 
 ginia Antiquities is doing 
 a noble work in rescuing 
 from oblivion Virginia's 
 wealth in historic land- 
 marks, emblems, etc. Un- 
 der its protective owner- 
 ship and care is the resi- 
 dence of Chief Justice 
 John Marshall in this city, 
 jefferson club am j tne historic part of 
 
 Jamestown Island is likewise its property and in its custody. 
 
 The Virginia Historical Society, at 707 E. Franklin Street, the 
 war residence of General Robert E. Lee, has a like mission in col- 
 lecting, preserving and publishing Virginia history. It has in its 
 library and its archives an invaluable collection of books, manu- 
 scripts, etc. 
 
 The R. E. Lee Camp No. 1 and George E. Pickett Camp are 
 prominent Confederate Veteran organizations; the former, on 
 East Broad Street, between 5th and 6th Streets, possesses a splen- 
 did gallery of Confederate military heroes and patriots, and the 
 organization owns (with a reversionary interest in the grounds and 
 buildings to the State) 
 and has charge of the 
 Confederate Soldiers' 
 Home on Grove Avenue. 
 The active military or- 
 ganizations are the Rich- 
 mond Light Infantry 
 Blues, the Richmond 
 Howitzers and the First 
 Virginia Regiment, all fa- 
 mous Richmond com- country clu. 
 
Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 6.S 
 
 DEEP RUN HUNT CLUB 
 
 mands, with records for 
 honorable and gallant ser- 
 vice. 
 
 Social Clubs 
 The clubs of the city 
 are the Westmoreland, 
 corner of Sixth and Grace 
 Streets; the Woman's 
 Club, 211 East Franklin 
 Street; the Common- 
 wealth Club, Franklin and Monroe Streets; the Jefferson, at Grace 
 and Allen Avenue; the Business Men's Club, in the American 
 National Bank Building; the Deep Run Hunt Club, at Rio Vista, 
 and the Country Club of Virginia, at Westhampton — the last two 
 not in the city, but essentially Richmond institutions. All of these 
 are exponents of metropolitan development and afford excellent 
 facilities for entertaining visitors. 
 
 Hotels, Apartment Houses and Residences 
 
 The principal hotels of Richmond are the Jefferson, the Rich- 
 mond, Murphy's, the Lexington, Gilbert's, the Davis House, 
 Rueger'sand Stumpf's. 
 The first three are 
 largely patronized by 
 tourists as well as by 
 the business element; 
 the next three princi- 
 pally by the business 
 element; and the last 
 two are stag hotels. 
 All are well situated 
 on prominent thor- 
 oughfares with imme- jefferson hotel 
 
66 
 
 Richmond, Virginia— Yesterday and Today 
 
 diate street car connec- 
 tions. Their combined 
 capacity will accommo- 
 date about three thousand 
 guests. 
 
 The apartment house 
 is a comparatively new de- 
 velopment in this city, but 
 there are some twenty- 
 nine, all well located. The 
 Chesterfield, Franklin and 
 Shafer Streets; Gresham Court, 1030 W. Franklin Street, and 
 The Shenandoah, Allen Avenue, between Grace Street and Monu- 
 ment Avenue, are the largest, and in their design and appointments 
 are modern and elegant. 
 
 There are also a great number of boarding houses, to meet the 
 varied and large demand of those who prefer such accomodations; 
 but Richmond is essentially a city of homes, where ancient archi- 
 tecture blends pleasantly with modern, and modest firesides are as 
 much in evidence as are the more costly mansions. 
 
 Climatic and Other Physical Features 
 
 The location of Rich- 
 mond has already been 
 alluded to in connection 
 with her history and her 
 material interests, but 
 special reference should 
 be made to some other 
 aspects of her situation. 
 On the north bank of 
 the James river, to which 
 she was formerly con- 
 fined, the eastern part of 
 
 '! il ' 
 
 MURPHY S HOTEL 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 67 
 
 THE CHESTERFIELD 
 
 the ciry is divided from 
 the western by the deep 
 valley of Shockoe Creek. 
 From the banks of that 
 river and creek and the 
 tributaries of the latter, 
 seven hills rise to plateaus 
 averaging from 200 to 
 250 feet above Tidewater. 
 The topography of the 
 city, therefore, affords ex- 
 cellent surface drainage, which is supplemented by an extensive 
 sewerage system. Situated about midway between the moun- 
 tains and the sea, 35° 32" if north latitude, and 77 26" west 
 longitude, her climate is temperate and salubrious. Her situation 
 protects her from violent storms and blizzards to which other less 
 sheltered localities are exposed, and she enjoys great immunity from 
 epidemics and diseases of a character to be ascribed to local causes. 
 An unlimited supply of pure water drawn from the higher and un- 
 polluted level of the river is a most valuable factor in safeguarding 
 the health of the city. The re- 
 cords of the Health Department, 
 under the faithful administration 
 of the Board of Health and its 
 efficient chief, shows Richmond 
 to be one of the healthiest cities 
 in the country. 
 
 South Richmond, on the op- 
 posite bank of the James, for- 
 merly Manchester, but recently 
 united to Richmond and desig- 
 nated as Washington Ward, rises 
 more gradually from the south 
 shore of the river and has added gresham court 
 
68 
 
 Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 
 
 a much needed territory 
 for expansion under one 
 corporate administration. 
 The surrounding coun- 
 try is for the most part 
 of a rolling character, and 
 affords a number of beau- 
 tiful drives and views. It 
 is excellently adapted for 
 villa sites, which are be- 
 ing rapidly built up in. 
 nearly every direction for two or three miles around the city. 
 Beyond this area, on nearly every hand are scenes where battles 
 and skirmishes took place during the war when Richmond was so 
 many times besieged. A trip down James river will well repay 
 the tourist. For notes in reference to conflicts with Indians in 
 Colonial days, fights with the British during Revolutionary times, 
 some of the battles which occurred in the war between the States, 
 and elegant colonial mansions which adorn the shores of the river. 
 
 Bto "-v—. 
 
 ■ 
 
 
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 MASONIC TEMPLE 
 
 VIRGIN'A UNION UNIVERSITY (COLORED) 
 
 MB - 2 85. 
 
Richmond, Virginia — Yesterday and Today 69 
 
 Richmond's Population 
 
 In this brochure on Richmond published as a souvenir for our 
 guests, the intent is only to give information with respect to sub- 
 jects which, it is hoped, may prove of interest, mostly the gifts of a 
 bountiful Providence and a heritage from past generations. It may 
 be permissible, however, to say of the present white generation that 
 it consists of a homogeneous people, largely native born, and that 
 they are patriotic, law-abiding and industrious. The colored 
 population is largely in evidence, but the old Virginia "darkies" 
 and their descendants are a superior class of negroes, and they are 
 not regarded here very seriously as "the white man's burden," but 
 in many respects as a valuable factor in the domestic and industrial 
 life of the community. 
 
 So much by way of self-introduction before the Mayor presents 
 you with the key of the city, and its citizens invite your attention 
 to the latch-string on the outside of their doors. 
 

 
 
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