* ■■ :=r=r / BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY -»' :=$ of~ I Qrau/ford, Ida / ^ <5oupties, Iou/a. Containing Portraits of all the Presidents of the United States, with accompanying Biographies; a Condensed History of Iowa, with Portraits and Biographies of the Governors of the State; Engravings of Prominent Citizens of the Counties, wth Personal Histories of many of the Early Settlers and Leading Families. "Biography is the only true history." — Emerson. & CHICAGO: THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1 1893. f ^f^ ^3^ PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. George Washington 9 John Adams 14 Thomas Jefferson 20 James Madison 26 James Monroe . 33 John Quincy Adams 38 Andrew Jackson 47 M artin Van Buren 52 William Henry Harrison 5(5 John Tyler 00 James K. Polk 64 Zachary Taylor 08 Millard Fillmore 72 Franklin Pierce 70 James Buchanan 80 Abraham Lincoln .•. . . 84 Andrew Johnson 93 Ulysses S. Grant 96 R. B. Hayes 102 J. A. Gardeld 109 Chester A. Arthur 113 Grover Cleveland 117 Benjamin Harrison 120 HISTORY OF IOWA. Aboriginal 123 Caucasian 124 Pioneer Life 133 Louisiana Territory 137 Iowa Territory 139 State Organization and Subse- quent History 141 Patriotism ' 140 Iowa Since the War 151 State Institutions 151 Educational 154 Statistical 157 Physical Features 158 Geology 158 Climate 163 I Census of Iowa 1C4 Territorial Officers 104 State Officers 165 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. Robert Lucas 171 John Chambers 173 James Clarke 175 Ansel Briggs 17!) Stephen Hempstead 1«3 James W. Grimes 187 Ralph P. Lowe 191 Samuel J. Kirkwood 195 William M. Stone 199 Samuel Merrill 203 Cyrus C. Carpenter 207 Joshua G. Newbold 211 Johu H. Gear. 213 Buren R.Sherman 219 William Larrabee 2.!)! Horace Boies 225 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. A Abbott, E. A., & Son 331 Abbott, T. E 252 Adams, Jarvis 649 Adams, J. F 386 Ahart, G. W 671 Allen, C. E 477 Allen, H. B 319 Allen, J. W 664 Allen, S. G 646 Allen. W. II 432 Allison II. H 483 Anderson, A 564 Anderson, J 475 Andre, T. J 626 Arff, H. F 402 Armstrong, P 453 Arnold, W. F 685 Arthur, I. & Son.- 423 Atherton, Charles 678 B Bailey, E. R 300 Baird, E. B 357 Ballantyne, R 286 Balle, A. (' 392 Bamford, R. W 409 Barber, Rockley 376 Bardwell, E. J 547 Barnes, G. F 652 liarnt, S. M 403 Barrett, J. C 116 Barrick, A. A 259 Barrick, G. Z 595 Barsby, A 302 Bartlett, M 577 Bartlett, Thomas 304 Bassett, Thomas 526 Bassett, W. H 526 Batie, Thomas 002 Baxter, Hector 2:14 Bell, Andrew 355 Bell, Henry 605 Bell, Robert 381 Belt, D. W 666 Bennett, C. J 613 Bennett. W. H 361 Bill, J. B 292 Binnall, G. W 47S Blackmail, J 240 Blair, W. S 622 Blass, George 661 CONTENTS. Bliss, W. H 277 Boardman, H. E 235 Bochmaun, T 544 Bock, L. H 569 Bodine, J C 505 Bogett, H. H 5U9 Bolieu, John 420 Boots, Charles 5(53 Booth, J. H 499 Booth, O. K 520 Bowman & Kranz Bros 445 Bowman, W 511 Boynton, P. L 657 Brainard, E. C. 8 415 Brannan.T. S 480 Brazell, Barnett 658 Brazell, Jerome 658 Brockelsby, J. K 628 Brockelsby, W. H 253 Brodersen, B 462 Brogan, John 537 Brogden, Joseph 440 Brown, James 344 Brownlee, R 532 Brumtner, Fred 461 Brunei', T. G 397 Brus.John 021 Bryan, A. L 366 Buell, C. S 531 Bufflngton, B. H 354 Bullock, Charles 401 Bullock, D. P 597 Burch, E. K 399 Burke, J. J 451 Burns, R. H 655 Bush, G. H. 289 Buss, C. F 380 Butler, J. M 448 Butler, J. N 474 Butler, L. C 448 Butter worth, C. E 281 Butterworth, R. W 354 C Cain, Dennis. 251 Campbell, J. M 430 Carr, C. W 436 Carr, J P 497 Carter, J. M 473 Carton, James 508 Casey, M.J 673 Cassaday, C. F 414 Clialt'ant, J. K 316 Chapman, A. S . .613 Chapman, T 373 Charter Oak Times 314 Chase, Charles 629 Cliattin, J. F 514 Cheney. H. W 400 Childress, J. M 272 Childress, R. H 263 Childs, M 317 Christie, W. S 630 Clapsaddle, G. A 537 Cleveland, Benjamin ■I'M Clouse, M ;;U Ciouser, A. L . 243 Cobb, L 494 Coleman, Wm 632 Collamore, I. \V 352 Collin, Jonas 351 Conn, J. E 538 Conner, J. P 389 Connor, James 665 Connor, J C 644 Conover, C. B 679 Cooch, J. D 594 Cook, A 422 Cook, CI. W 645 Cook, H. A H09 Cook, Samuel 319 Cook, Wm 558 Coon, J. W 636 Coon, W. W 323 Cooper, M 443 Corderman, D 625 Cornwell, L 407 C'orrell, D 558 Costello, T 665 Countryman, D 255 Cox, Clarke 598 Cox, F. L 482 Crakes, Wm 466 Crane, Thomas 257 Crane, Wm 260 Crawford, J. O 230 Criss, Eugene ' 469 C'riswel], A S 362 Criswell, O. M 331 Crouch, F. L 633 Crozer, R 489 Crura, D. O 525 Cue, Joseph 560 Cummings, LA 517 Cunard, A 502 Cushman, W. W 411 D Dall, H. C 312 Daniels, E. B 568 Daun, W. M 611 Dauo, J. P 431 Darling, C. S 491 Darling, Edd 394 D.,vie, W. A 267 Davis, W. H 405 Day, W. N 442 Deal, J. H 618 Dessel, H. A 312 DeVine, Wm. G 479 Dewell, M. F 342 DeWolf, C. H 437 Dickey, F. H 370 Dickson, Thomas 599 Dieter, J. A 315 Dieter, R J 686 Dilivan, W 295 Drake, Theodore 275 Drake, W. C 687 Draper, Oscar. 242 Duncan, J. P 353 Dunkin, O P 291 Dunn, A. R 002 E Early, D. C 325 Eaton, H 240 Eckman, Edward 488 Edson, S. L 504 Eicholtz, J. G 522 Ellwanger, Wm 441 Elwood, S M 572 Evans, W. B 429 F Fair Edward 513 Fair, James H 559 Fair, J. H 433 Farquhar, T 675 Fessler, David 500 Fienhold, F. W 643 Fisher, Joseph 348 Fitzgerald, M 673 Kilzgibbons, T 594 Flack, D. W 642 Fleming, Wm 339 Forney, W. C 359 Forsyth, A. E 496 Fosdick, M 600 Fowler, D. T 680 Fowler, J. 456 Fox, M. D 291 Fraum, J. M 552 Francis, Job 471 Friott, George 346 Fyf'e, M. M 482 G Gable, J. H 347 Gardner, A 352 Gardner, J. B 371 Garrison, T.J 406 Gates, C. W 512 Geddes, S. S 492 Getman, R. M. & Son 670 Gibson, Frank 306 Gibson, J. 1 351 Gibson, S 298 Gilbert, H. F 231 Gillmor, Isaac 293 Gittv, Robert 616 Goff, I. A. 264 Goodenow, R. L 574 Goodman, H. C. ... 607 Goodrich, I. B 261 Goodrich, J. W 546 Goodrich, L. C 262 Graham, J. C 253 Graves, G. F ... 256 Graves, J. H 465 Gray, Babcock & Sears 518 Gray, L. M 518 Greek, S. B 341 Green, C 365 Greenwalt, Benj 335 Grimes, W. R ••■•307 Grote, J. F 317 Grouell, George 368 Gi uver, Daniel 674 CONTENTS. H Hackett, H 484 Hahn, A. F 437 Hallander, H 350 Hamilton, T. N 681 Hamilton, W. E 543 Haradon, Eli, Jr 307 Haradon, Orlin 333 Harding, P. W 32!) Hardy, A. P 327 Hardy, C. C 658 Harkness, W. A... . 403 Harm, Chris 38s Harper John 450 Harrington, J. D 551 Harrison, John 603 Hartman M 421 Harvey, C. P 6s8 Harvey, George 475 Hathaway, Ernan 206 Haugh, J. T 404 Hawley, R. C 270 Hayes, J. H 233 Hay ward, James 540 Heffelfinger, F 642 Hetfelrlnger, R 641 Heilman, E. C 529 Henney, G. E 256 Henry, Joseph 618 Heusen, C. F 455 Herrold. A 617 Herrold, F 584 Herrold, Wm 456 Herrold, Woodru ff 685 Higley, L. B 670 Hills ct Jenness 314 Hink, J. J 543 Hiuk, Otto 268 Hirons, W. J 589 Hockett, W. B 681 Hoti'man, J 672 Holdridge, L. C 447 Holmes, G. W 387 Hose, J 688 Houston, Wm 274 Hovenden, A 541 Hovey, B. L 472 Howard, Henry 488 Howard, J. S 585 Howell, B. F 069 Howland, E. D 677 Howlett, C 638 Howorth, E 379 Hoyt, John 544 Hoyt, O. C 626 Huie, John 545 Hunt, C. J 270 Hunt, N. L 270 Hunter, H. S 576 Hunter, R. M 524 Hutchinson, G 401 I Impson, Wm 631 high ram, J 209 Irwin, C. W 567 Irwin, L. E 495 Irwin, M. A 644 Jackson, James 516 Jackson, W. W 506 James, W. H ;;71 Jamieson, R. M 682 Jamieson, W. J 530 Johnson, A 030 Johnson, A. A 322 Johnson, D. O 624 Johnson, N. V 350 Johnston, 1{ 501 Jones, E. M 239 Jones, Enoch 444 Jones, John 493 Jones, Joseph 516 Jordan, G. S 271 Jorgensen, N 305 Judiesch, W. F 651 Jump, C. II 826 K Keller, D 412 Kelly, Henry 810 Kelly, John i;()6 Kelly, T. J 405 Kennedy, Frank 471 King, David 556 King, M 9gg Knight, G. R 635 Knock, F. A 010 Krai, M 306 Kruser, J. P 467 Kruthoff, Carl 067 Kuehnle, C. F 565 Kuhl Bros 385 L Lambach, Gus 303 Lamoreux, D M 591 Lane, C. E 491 Larson, P. W 369 Laub, H. C 245 Law, James (J07 Lee Henrv 457 Lehfeldt, R ."."""277 Leitner, D. E 296 Lewis, F. M I338 Lewis, J. M ,-,78 Lewis, M. L 042 Lochmiller, P 409 Logan. M. W ...609 Love, J. C 616 Low, C. A 232 Lucas, E. K ........385 Lusk, F. A ...'."'.'.""604 M Mains, I. A 663 Manley, Charles 554 Mann, James 553 Manson. F. S 651 Maple Valley Era [.."...."."569 Marshall, C.T 517 Marshall W. H 297 Martens, Wm 022 Mattes, Joseph 529 Matlack, Enoch 400 Maule, B 54$ Maynard, H. W ..!"~637 Maynard, J. W Kill McAlpin, M. M 201 McAlpin, P :;is McAndrews, J 870 McClintock, J 237 McCol lough, H 586 McCord, David 328 McElwain, M. L 627 McGee, T. N '.'.'."'.'.'.'."jil5 . McGratn, Dan 394 " McGrin, Thomas 623 Mrilenry, W. A 220 McKay, James 615 .McLaughlin, R 668 McMahon, P. D .,.[ 290 McNally, J. E 094 McVey, W. S ..""454 McWilliams, David ."." 485 McWilliams, D. H 439 McWilliams, J. J ............485 Mentzer, Benj 1124 Mesenbrink, L :;]:; Meyers, J. F 533 Miller, C. D '" 337 Miller, I. V .'."'.'.'".509 Miller, John 587 Miller, J. P '"393 Miller, P. M '."".""580 Mitchell, Wm .......587 Montgomery, J. T ." 049 Moore, F. P ".572 Moorehead, G. C ...589 Moorehead, J. H '".'.'.588 Moorehead, Wm !!."". 047 Morris, Lyman 349 Morrison, D ..509 Morrison, P 258 Mull in, E .""""!!"!.... !!s06 Murphy, James '."'..'."'....398 N Neal, Martin 549 Neely, S. M ......' 376 Nelson, K. N 296 Nelson, N 345 Newcom, J. T 244 Nicholas, D. W 010 Nicholson, G. W 290 Nicholson, R. A :;^4 Nicoll, David 27s Norgaard, C. C 081 North, J. M. C 815 Northrop, Thomas 575 Nutter, F 452 O O'Conner, John 360 O'Farrell. Edd !.'""353 Osborn, R. L 390 CONTENTS. P Pahl, Henry 243 Paine, C 434 Paine, R. M 138 Parkinson, J '"'■' Parkinson, W 555 Patterson, 1 287 Payne, J. T 311 Perkins, W. W 234 Perrott, G. G 020 Pett, John 303 Pettit, S. K 579 Peyton, M •'" , Pierce, L. W 440 Pieper Joseph 391 Porter, W. A 410 Pottiger, J. H 348 Powers, David 654 Powis, Charles 418 Prentice, F 428 Preston, Andrew 205 Preston, J. C 230 Preston, John 359 Price Dillon .489 Q Quail, Hubert 581 1! Rae. Thomas 285 Ranch, A. A 603 Hannells, Win. C 633 Hees, J. M 513 Heid, David 194 Heukenthaler, A. E 5:-!] Richardson, C. F 320 Richardson, G. A. 399 Richardson. J. L 503 Piddle, G. M 566 Rinehart, Joseph 528 Robertson, C :s; i Robinson, J. C 375 Rochan, C 608 Rogers, A. II 273 Rogers, J. J » 468 Rollins. James 363 Rolls, "W. C 195 Romans, J. B 480 Romans, K. A 426 Ross, W. C 374 Rudd, A. Z <179 Rule, W. H 356 Rupert, G. H 682 Russell, Andrew 338 Rutledge, F 582 Ryan, Thomas 536 S Salomonsou, S 464 Sargent, J. W 557 Saunders, G. W 364 Schade & Hose 0-8 Schaller, Phillip 539 Schlumberger. Ph. A 390 Schouten, W. N 418 Schumacher, M 340 Schurke, Carl 652 Scott, W.J 535 Scott, Wm 282 Scriver, W. J 392 Searle, C. N 510 Searls, A. P 628 Seger. C. A 343 Seifert, J. W 554 Seif'ord, George 378 Selley, T 590 Sewell, L. A 639 Seymour, S. W 358 Shade, F. J 614 Shadle. G. H 507 Shaw, W. C 337 Shaw, W. W 527 Shaw van, R 425 Shelmerdine, J 321 Sherwood, C. L 648 Sherwood, G. C 048 Sherwood. S 283 Strives, W 462 Shoo]), Samuel 523 Shorett, A 570 Short, John 501 Siglin, Isaiah 372 Simpson, John 299 Slagg, Joseph 659 Slater, Israel 396 Slater, F. J 653 Slater, S. W 413 Sleeper, A. A 284 Smith, A. B 435 Smith, E. P 417 Smith, K. H 336 Smith, Wm 324 Smutney, A 490 Soesbe, James 040 Sowers, R. H 562 Spafford, D. E 583 Spaulding, L. Q 379 Staller, S. B 593 Stenhouse, Win. 1! 511 Stepanek, A 508 Stephan, George 590 Steven?, Benj 0«4 Stoecks, C 413 Stone & Temple 542 Stootholl', W. E 316 Sutton, C. W 656 Swasey, E. II 430 T Talbot, G. F 248 Talcott, Mrs. M. W 276 Tamra it Brummer 461 Taylor, S 458 Temple, W. R 542 Tennev. S. M 498 Terry W, E 66:1 Theobald, George 449 Theobald, Hubert 259 Thew, S. M 547 Tillotson, C. F 453 Towle, T 608 Trainer, F. II 683 Triukle, A 076 Turner, T. T 396 U Underbill, N. P 634 Usher, G. S 339 V Van Houten, C. C 313 Van Vleck, W. W 398 Vore, Reuben 382 W Wade, C. L 327 Waitley, C. H 308 Walker, H 254 Walrod, Jonas 084 Walter, J. G 592 Walter, J. L 388 Warren, C. S 478 Warren, Wm 476 Wasser &Bleaklv 330 Wasser, R. S * 330 Watson, C C 236 Way, John 301 Weed, C. H 421 Weltzheimer, J 241 Wenzel, Charles 445 Wenzel, George 557 Wheeler, N. J 419 Whinery, H. M 534 Whitcher, S. E 249 Wicks, B. F 247 Wickwire, James 263 Wiemer, II. R 427 Wiggins, B. H 675 Wiley, J. F 377 Wilkinson, A. D 367 Williams, G. C 524 Williams, Noah 503 Williams, Richard 604 Williams, W. H 660 Williamson, J. B 573 Willis, A. H 570 Wilson, H, A 505 Wilson, J 668 Wilson, J. N 362 Wilson, Wm. G 595 Winans, Clark 667 Wiuaus, George 272 Winey, David 460 Wiugrove. Wm 250 Wise, J. U 305 Wodell.J. II 019 Wolcott. V. D 425 Woolhiser, J.J 579 Wright, G. L 407 Wright, M. E 540 Y Yauger, T 519 Young, F. J 422 Young, S. W 521 Yousling, George 280 Yousliug, J. W 508 Z Zupp, C. C 001 CONTENTS. PORTRAITS. Armstrong, Piatt 453 Chapman, Tracy . ...373 Conner, J. P 389 Cook, H. A 309 Criss, Eugene 469 DeWolf, C. H 437 Early, D. Carr 325 Gillmor, Isaac. 293 Greek, S. B 341 Kueunle, C. F 565 Laub, H. C 245 Lehfeldt, Rudolph 277 Marshall, C. T 517 McAlpin, M. M 261 'McHenry, W. A 229 •oMcWilliams, D. H 485 Meyers, J. Fred 533 Neal, Martin 549 Nicoll, D 278 Quail, Robert 581 Short, John 501 Weed, C. H 421 GEORGE WASHINGTON. j gjgyfeJJS ' 'J- _ g fe r -'k-_f^-^_ ,! v'._-i?_©glC' r ^^ i O E ® -l-_jfe >_«k_^»_«k. ^"^ 1" «*> *?• ^T"0\iiSffig w EORGE WASHING- TON, the " Father of his Country" and its first President, 1780- '97, was born Febru- ary 22, 1732, in Wash- ington Parish, West- moreland Count y, Virginia. His father, Augustine Wash- ington, first married Jane But- ler, who bore him four chil- dren, and March 6, 1730, he married Mary Ball. Of six children by his second mar- riage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, John, Au- gustine, Charles and Mildred, of whom the youngest died in infancy. Little is known of the early years of Washington, beyond the fact that the house in which he was born was burned during his early child- hood, and that his father thereupon moved to another farm, inherited from his paternal ancestors, situated in Stafford County, on the north bank of the Rappahannock, where he acted as agent of the Principio Iron Works in the immediate vicinity, and died there in 1743. From earliest childhood George devel- oped a noble character. He had a vigorous constitution, a fine form, and great bodily strength. His education was somewhat de- fective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at a neighboring school. He developed, how- ever, a fondness for mathematics, and en- joyed in that branch the instructions of a private teacher. On leaving school he re- sided for some time at Mount Vernon with his half brother, Lawrence, who acted as his guardian, and who had married a daugh- ter of his neighbor at Bel voir on the Poto- mac, the wealthy William Fairfax, for some time president of the executive council of the colony. Both Fairfax and his son-in-law, Lawrence Washington, had served with dis- tinction in 1740 as officers of an American battalion at the siege of Carthagena, and were friends and correspondents of Admiral Vernon, for whom the latter's residence on the Potomac has been named. George's inclinations were for a similar career, and a midshipman's warrant was procured for him, probably through the influence of the Admiral ; but through the opposition of his mother the project was abandoned. The family connection with the Fairfaxes, how- ever, opened another career for the young man, who, at the age of sixteen, was ap- pointed surveyor to the immense estates of the eccentric Lord Fairfax, who was then on a visit at Belvoir, and who shortly after- ward established his baronial residence at Grccnway Court, in the Shenandoah Valley. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Three years were passed by young Wash- ington in a rough frontier life, gaining ex- perience which afterward proved very es- sential to him. In 1 75 1, when the Virginia militia were put under training with a view to active service against France, Washington, though only nineteen years of age, was appointed Adjutant with the rank of Major. In Sep- tember of that year the failing health of Lawrence Washington rendered it neces- sary for him to seek a warmer climate, and George accompanied him in a voyage to Barxidoes. They returned early in 1752, and Lawrence shortly afterward died, leav- ing hi 5 large property to an infant daughter. In his will George was named one of the executors and as eventual heir to Mount Vernon, and by the death of the infant niece soon succeeded to that estate. On the arrival of Robert Dinwiddie as Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia in 1752 the militia was reorganized, and the prov- ince divided into four districts. Washing- ton was commissioned by Dinwiddie Adju- tant-General of the Northern District in t 753, and in November of that year a most important as well as hazardous mission was assigned him. This was to proceed to the Canadian posts recently established on French Creek,, near Lake Erie, to demand in the name of the King of England the withdrawal of the French from a territory claimed by Virginia. This enterprise had been declined by more than one officer, since it involved a journey through an ex- tensive and almost unexplored wilderness in the occupancy of savage Indian tribes, either hostile to the English, or of doubtful attachment. Major Washington, however, accepted the commission with alacrity ; and, accompanied by Captain Gist, he reached Fort Le Bceuf on French Creek, delivered his dispatches and received reply, which, of course, was a polite refusal to surrender the posts. This reply was of such a character as to induce the Assembly of Virginia to authorize the executive to raise a regiment of 300 men for the purpose of maintaining the asserted rights of the British crown over the territory claimed. As Washing- ton declined to be a candidate for that post, the command of this regiment was given to Colonel Joshua Fry, and Major Washing- ton, at his own request, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. On the march to Ohio, news was received that a party previously sent to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela with the Ohio had been driven back by a considerable French force, which had completed the work there be- gun, and named it Fort Duquesne, in honor of the Marquis Duquesne, then Governor of Canada. This was the beginning of the great " French and Indian war," which con- tinued seven years. On the death of Colonel Fry, Washington succeeded to the com- mand of the regiment, and so well did he fulfill his trust that the Virginia Assembly commissioned him as Commander-in-Chief of all the forces raised in the colony. A cessation of all Indian hostility on the frontier having followed the expulsion of the French from the Ohio, the object of Washington was accomplished and he re- signed his commission as Commander-in- Chief of the Virginia forces. He then pro- ceeded to Williamsburg to take his seat in the General Assembly, of which he had been elected a member. January 17, 1759, Washington married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, a young and beautiful widow of great wealth, and de- voted himself for the ensuing fifteen years to the quiet pursuits of agriculture, inter- rupted only by his annual attendance in winter upon the Colonial Legislature at Williamsburg, until summoned by his country to enter upon that other arena in which his fame was to become world wide. It is unnecessary here to trace the details of the struggle upon the question of local GEORGE WASHINGTON. self-government, which, after ten years, cul- minated by act of Parliament of the port of Boston. It was at the instance of Virginia that a congress of all the colonies was called to meet at Philadelphia September 5, 1774, to secure their common liberties — if possible by peaceful means. To this Congress Colonel Washington was sent as a dele- gate. On dissolving in October, it recom- mended the colonies to send deputies to another Congress the following spring. In the meantime several of the colonies felt impelled to raise local forces to repel in- sults nnd aggressions on the part of British troops, so that on the assembling of the next Congress, May 10, 1775, the war prepara- tions of the mother country were unmis- takable. The battles of Concord and Lex- ington had been fought. Among the earliest acts, therefore, of the Congress was the selection of a commander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This office was unani- mously conferred upon Washington, still a member of the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but on the express condition he should receive no salary. He immediately repaired to the vicinity of Boston, against which point the British ministry had concentrated their forces. As early as April General Gage had 3,000 troops in and around this proscribed city. During the fall and winter the British policy clearly indicated a purpose to divide pub- lic sentiment and to build up a British party in the colonies. Those who sided with the ministry were stigmatized by the patriots as " Tories," while the patriots took to them- selves the name of " Whigs." As early as 1776 the leading men had come to the conclusion that there was no hope except in separation and indepen- dence. In May of that year Washington wrote from the head of the army in New York: "A reconciliation with Great Brit- ain is impossible. , , , . When I took comm&ad ot the army l abhorred the idea of independence ; but I am now fully satis- fied that nothing else will save us." It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of the patriot hero, to whose hands the fortunes and liberties of the United States were confided during the seven years' bloody struggle that ensued until the treaty of 1783, in which England acknowledged the independence of each of the thirteen States, and negotiated with them, jointly, as separate sovereignties. The merits of Washington as a military chief- tain have been considerably discussed, espe- cially by writers in his own country. Dur- ing the war he was most bitterly assailed for incompetency, and great efforts were made to displace him ; but he never for a moment lost the confidence of either the Congress or the people. December 4, 1783, the great commander took leave of his offi- cers in most affectionate and patriotic terms, and went to Annapolis, Maryland, where the Congress of the States was in session, and to that body, when peace and order prevailed everywhere, resigned his com- mission and retired to Mount Vernon. It was in 1788 that Washington was called to the chief magistracy of the nation. He received every electoral vote cast in all the colleges of the States voting for the office of President. The 4th of March, 1789, was the time appointed for the Government of the United States to begin its operations, but several weeks elapsed before quorums of both the newly constituted houses of the Congress were assembled. The city of New York was the place where the Congress then met. April 16 Washington left his home to enter upon the discharge of his new duties. He set out with a purpose ot traveling privately, and without attracting any public attention ; but this was impossi- ble. Everywhere on his way he was met with thronging crowds, eager to see the man whom they regarded as the chief de- fende*" of their liberties, and everywhere 12 PRESrDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. he was hailed with those public manifesta- tions of joy, regard and love which spring spontaneously from the hearts of an affec- tionate and grateful people. His reception in New York was marked by a grandeur and an enthusiasm never before witnessed in that metropolis. The inauguration took place April 30, in the presence of an immense multitude which had assembled to witness the new and imposing ceremony. The oath of office was administered by Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor of the State. When this sacred pledge was given, he retired with the other officials into the Senate chamber, where he delivered his inaugural address to both houses of the newly con- stituted Congress in joint assembly. In the manifold details of his civil ad- ministration, Washington proved himself equal to the requirements of his position. The greater portion of the first session of the first Congress was occupied in passing the necessary statutes for putting the new organization into complete operation. In the discussions brought up in the course of this legislation the nature and character of the new system came under general review. On no one of them did any decided antago- nism of opinion arise. All held it to be a limited government, clothed only with spe- cific powers conferred by delegation from the States. There was no change in the name of the legislative department ; it still remained " the Congress of the United States of America." There was no change in the original flag of the country, and none in the seal, which stiil remains with the Grecian escutcheon borne by the eagle, with other emblems, under the great and expressive motto, " E Pluribus Unum." The first division of parties arose upon the manner of construing the powers dele- gated, and they were first styled " strict constructionists" and " latitudinarian con- structionists." The former were for con- fining the action of the Government strictly within its specific and limited sphere, wnile the others were for enlarging its powers by inference and implication. Hamilton and Jefferson, both members of the first cabinet, were regarded as the chief leaders, respect ively, of these rising antagonistic parties which have existed, under different names from that day to this. Washington was re- garded as holding a neutral position between them, though, by mature deliberation, he vetoed the first apportionment bill, in 1790, passed by the party headed by Hamilton, which was based upon a principle construct- ively leading to centralization or consoli- dation. This was the first exercise of the veto power under the present Constitution. It created considerable excitement at the time. Another bill was soon passed in pur- suance of Mr. Jefferson's views, which has been adhered to in principle in every ap. portionment act passed since. At the second session of the new Con- gress, Washington announced the gratify- ing fact of " the accession of North Caro- lina" to the Constitution of 1787, and June 1 of the same year he announced by special message the like " accession of the State of Rhode Island," with his congratulations on the happy event which " united under the general Government" all the States which were originally confederated. In 1792, at the second Presidential elec- tion, Washington was desirous to retire ; but he yielded to the general wish of the country, and was again chosen President by the unanimous vote of every electoral college. At the. third election, 1796, he was again most urgently entreated to consent to remain in the executive chair. This he positively refused. In September, before the election, he gave to his countrymen his memorable Farewell Address, which in lan- guage, sentiment and patriotism was a fit and crowning glory of his illustrious life. After March 4, 1797, he again retired to Mount Vernon for peace, quiet and repose. GEORGE WASHINGTON. n His administration for the two terms had been successful beyond the expectation and hopes of even the most sanguine of his friends. The finances of the country were no longer in an embarrassed condition the public credit was fully restored, life was given to every department of industry, the workings of the new system in allowing Congress to raise revenue from duties on imports proved to be not only harmonious in its federal action, but astonishing in its results upon the commerce and trade of all the States. The exports from the Union increased from $19,000,000 to over $56,000,- 000 per annum, while the imports increased in about the same proportion. Three new members had been added to the Union. The progress of the States in their new career under their new organization thus far was exceedingly encouraging, not only to the friends of liberty within their own limits, but to their sympathizing allies in all climes and countries. Oi the call again made on this illustrious chief to quit his repose at Mount Vernon and take command of all the United States forces, with the rank of Lieutenant-General, when war was threatened with France in 1798, nothing need here be stated, except to note the fact as an unmistakable testimo- nial of the high regard in which he was still held by his countrymen, of all shades of po- litical opinion. He patriotically accepted this trust, but a treaty of peace put a stop to all action under it. He again retired to Mount Vernon, where, after a short and severe illness, he died December 14, 1799, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. The whole country was filled with gloom by this sad intelligence. Men of all parties in poli- tics and creeds in religion, in every State in the Union, united with Congress in " pay- ing honor to the man, first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country- men." His remains were deposited in a famii} vault on the banks of the Potomac at Mount Vernon, where they still lie entombed. ^.^? M PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. OHN ADAMS, the second President of the United States, 1797 to 1801, was born in the present town of Quincy, then a portion of Braintree, Massachu- setts, October 30, 1735. His father was a farmer of mod- erate means, a worthy and industrious man. He was a deacon in the church, and was very desirous of giving his son a collegiate educa- tion, hoping that he would become a minister oi the gospel. But, as up to this time, the age ef fourteen, he had been only a play-boy in the fields and forests, he had no taste for books, he chose farming. On being set to work, however, by his father out in the field, the very first day con- verted the boy into a lover of books. Accordingly, at the age of sixteen he entered Harvard College, and graduated in 1755, at the age of twenty, highly esteemed for integrity, energy and ability. Thus, having no capital but his education, he started out into the stormy world at a time of great political excitement, as France and England were then engaged in their great seven-years struggle for the mastery over the New World. The fire of patriotism seized young Adams, and for a time he studied over the question whether he should take to the law, to politics or the army. He wrote a remarkable letter to a friend, making prophecies concerning the future greatness of this country which have since been more than fulfilled. For two years he taught school and studied law, wasting no odd moments, and at the eariy age of twenty-two years he opened a law office in his native town. His inherited powers of mind and untiring devotion to his profession caused him to rise rapidly in public esteem. In October, 1764, Mr. Adams married Miss Abigail Smith, daughter of a clergy- man at Weymouth and a lady of rare per- sonal and intellectual endowments, who afterward contributed much to her hus- band's celebrity. Soon the oppression of the British in America reached its climax. The Boston merchants employed an attorney by the name of James Otis to argue the legality o. oppressive tax law before the Superior Court. Adams heard trie argument, and afterward wrote to a friend concerning the ability displayed, as follows: "Otis was a flame of fire. With a promptitude of classical allusion, a depth of research, a rapid summary of historical events and dates, a profusion of legal authorities and a y /md JOHN AOAMS. '7 prophetic glance into futurity, he hurried away all before him. American independence was then and there bom. Every man of an immensely crowded audience appeared to me to go away, as I did, ready to take up arms." Soon Mr. Adams wrote an essay to be read before the literary club of his town, upon the state of affairs, which was so able as to attract public attention. It was pub- lished in American journals, republished in England, and was pronounced by the friends of the colonists there as " one of the very best productions ever seen from North America." The memorable Stamp Act was now issued, and Adams entered with all the ardor of his soul into political life in order to resist it. He drew up a series of reso- lutions remonstrating against the act, which were adopted at a public meeting of the citizens of Braintree, and which were sub- sequently adopted, word for word, by more than forty towns in the State. Popular commotion prevented the landing of the Stamp Act papers, and the English author- ities then closed the courts. The town of Boston therefore appointed Jeremy Grid- ley, James Otis and John Adams to argue a petition before the Governor and council for the re-opening of the courts; and while the two first mentioned attorneys based their argument upon the distress caused to the people by the measure, Adams boldly claimed that the Stamp Act was a violation both of the English Constitution and the charter of the Provinces. It is said that this was the first direct denial of the un- limited right of Parliament over the colo- nies. Soon after this the Stamp Act was repealed. Directly Mr. Adams was employed to defend Ansell Nickerson, who had killed an Englishman in the act of impressing him (Nickerson) into the King's service, and his client was acquitted, the court thus estab- lishing the principle that the infamous royal prerogative of impressment could have no existence in the colonial code. But in 1770 Messrs. Adams and Josiah Quincy defended a party of British soldiers who had been arrested for murder when they had been only obeying Governmental orders ; and when reproached for thus ap- parently deserting the cause of popular liberty, Mr. Adams replied that he would a thousandfold rather live under the domina- tion of the worst of England's kings than under that of a lawless mob. Next, after serving a term as a member of the Colonial Legislature from Boston, Mr. Adams, find- ing his health affected by too great labor, retired to his native home at Braintree. The year 1774 soon arrived, with its fa- mous Boston " Tea Party," the first open act of rebellion. Adams was sent to the Congress at Philadelphia ; and when the Attorney-General announced that Great Britain had " determined on her system, and that her power to execute it was irre- sistible," Adams replied : " I know that Great Britain has determined on her sys- tem, and that very determination deter- mines me on mine. You know that I have been constant in my opposition to her measures. The die is now cast. I have passed the Rubicon. Sink or swim, live or die, with my country, is my unalterable determination." The rumor beginning to prevail at Philadelphia that the Congress had independence in view, Adams foresaw that it was too soon to declare it openly. He advised every one to remain quiet in that respect; and as soon as it became ap- parent that he himself was for independ- ence, he was advised to hide himself, which he did. The next year the great Revolutionary war opened in earnest, and Mrs. Adams, residing near Boston, kept her husband ad- vised by letter of all the events transpiring in her vicinity. The battle of Bunker Hill IS PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. came on. Congress had to do something immediately. The first thing was to choose a commander-in-chief for the — we can't say " army " — the fighting men of the colonies. The New England delegation was almost unanimous in favor of appoint- ing General Ward, then at the head of the Massachusetts forces, but Mr. Adams urged the appointment of George Washington, then almost unknown outside of his own State. He was appointed without oppo- sition. Mr. Adams offered the resolution, which was adopted, annulling all the royal authority in the colonies. Having thus prepared the way, a few weeks later, viz., June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, of Vir- ginia, who a few months before had declared that the British Government would aban- don its oppressive measures, now offered the memorable resolution, seconded by Adams, "that these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and independent." Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman and Livingston were then appointed a commit- tee to draught a declaration of independ- ence. Mr. Jefferson desired Mr. Adams to draw up Ihe bold document, but the latter persuaded Mr. Jefferson to perform that responsible task. The Declaration drawn up, Mr. Adams became its foremost defender on the floor of Congress. It was signed by all 'the fifty-five members present, and the next day Mr. Adams wrote to his wife how great a deed was done, and how proud he was of it. Mr. Adams continued to be the leading man of Congress, and ' the leading advocate of American inde- pendence. Above all other Americans, he was considered by every one the prin- cipal shining mark for British vengeance. Thus circumstanced, he was appointed to the most dangerous task of crossing the ocean in winter, exposed to capture by the British, who knew of his mission, which was to visit Paris and solicit the co-opera- tion of the French. Besides, to take him- self away from the country of which he was the most prominent defender, at that critical time, was an act of the greatest self- sacrifice. Sure enough, while crossing the sea, he had two very narrow escapes from capture ; and the transit was otherwise a stormy and eventful one. During th(- summer of 1779 he returned home, but was immediately dispatched back to France, to be in readiness there to negotiate terms of peace and commerce with Great Britain as soon as the latter power was ready for such business. But as Dr. Franklin was more popular than heat the court of France, Mr. Adams repaired to Holland, where he was far more successful as a diplomatist. The treaty of peace between the United States and England was finally signed at Paris, January 21, 1783; and the re-action from so great excitement as Mr. Adams had so long been experiencing threw him into a dangerous fever. Before he fully re- covered he was in London, whence he was dispatched again to Amsterdam to negoti- ate another loan. Compliance with this order undermined his physical constitution for life. In 1785 Mr. Adams was appointed envoy to the court of St. James, to meet face to face the very king who had regarded him as an arch traitor! Accordingly he re- paired thither, where he did actually meet and converse with George III.! After a residence there for about three years, he obtained permission to return to America. While in London he wrote and published an able work, in three volumes, entitled: " A Defense of the American Constitution." The Articles of Confederation proving inefficient, as Adams had prophesied, a carefully draughted Constitution was adopted in 1789, when George Washington was elected President of the new nation, and Adams Vice-President. Congress met for a time in New York, but was removed to Philadelphia for ten years, until suitable JOHN ADAMS. 19 buildings should be erected at the new capital in the District of Columbia. Mr. Adams then moved his family to Phila- delphia. Toward the close of his term of office the French Revolution culminated, when Adams and Washington rather sympathized with England, and Jefferson with France. The Presidential election of 1796 resulted in giving Mr. Adams the first place by a small majority, and Mr. Jeffer- son the second place. Mr. Adams's administration was consci- entious, patriotic and able. The period was a turbulent one, and even an archangel could not have reconciled the hostile par- ties. Partisanism with reference to Eng- land and France was bitter, and for four years Mr. Adams struggled through almost a constant tempest of assaults. In fact, he was not truly a popular man, and his cha- grin at not receiving a re-election was so great that he did not even remain at Phila- delphia to witness the inauguration of Mr. Jefferson, his successor. The friendly intimacy between these two men was interrupted for about thirteen years of their life. Adams finally made the first advances toward a restoration of their mutual friend- ship, which were gratefully accepted by Jefferson. Mr. Adams was glad of his opportunity to retire to private life, where he could rest his mind and enjoy the comforts of home. By a thousand bitter experiences he found the path of public duty a thorny one. For twenty-six years his service of the public was as arduous, self-sacrificing and devoted as ever fell to the lot of man. In one im- portant sense he was as much the " Father oi his Country " as was Washington in another sense. During these long years of anxiety and toil, in which he was laying, broad and deep, the foundations of the greatest nation the sun ever shone upon, he received from his impoverished country a meager support. The only privilege he carried with him into his retirement was that of franking his letters. Although taking no active part in public affairs, both himself and his son, John Quincy, nobly supported the policy of Mr. Jefferson in resisting the encroachments of England, who persisted in searching American ships on the high seas and dragging from them any sailors that might be designated by any pert lieutenant as British subjects. Even for this noble sup- port Mr. Adams was maligned by thou- sands of bitter enemies ! On this occasion, for the first time since his retirement, he broke silence and drew up a very able paper, exposing the atrocity of the British pretensions. Mr. Adams outlived nearly all his family. Though his physical frame began to give way many years before his death, his mental powers retained their strength and vigor to the last. In his ninetieth year he was gladdened by the popular elevation of his son to the Presidential office, the highest in the gift of the people. A few months more passed away and the 4th of July, 1826. arrived. The people, unaware of the near approach of the end of two' great lives — that of Adams and Jefferson — were making unusual preparations for a national holiday. Mr. Adams lay upon his couch, listening to the ringing of bells, the waftures of martial music and the roar of cannon, with silent emotion. Only four days before, he had given for a public toast, " Independence forever." About two o'clock in the after- noon he said, "And Jefferson still survives." But he was mistaken by an hour or so: and in a few minutes he had breathed his last. 20 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. <¥&hs IP m ^ W^ *~?>t&i |H O M A S J E F F E R- son, the third Presi- dent of the United States, 1 801-9, was born April 2, 1743, the eldest child of his parents, Peter and Jane (Randolph) Jef- ferson, near Charlottes- ville, Albemarle Count}', Virginia, upon the slopes of the Blue Ridge. When he • was fourteen years of age, his father died, leav- ing a widow and eight children. She was a beau- tiful and accomplished lady, a good letter-writer, with a fund of humor, and an admirable housekeeper. His parents belonged to the Church of England, and are said to be of Welch origin. But little is known of them, however. Thomas was naturally of a serious turn of mind, apt to learn, and a favorite at school, his choice studies being mathemat- ics and the classics. At the age of seven- teen he entered William and Mary College, in an advanced class, and lived in rather an expensive style, consequently being much caressed by gay society. That he was not ruined, is proof of his stamina of character. But during his second year he discarded society, his horses and even his favorite violin, and devoted thenceforward fifteen hours a day to hard study, becoming ex- traordinarily proficient in Latin and Greek authors. On leaving college, before he was twenty- one, he comrhenced the study of law, and pursued it diligently until he was well qualified for practice, upon which he entered in 1767. By this time he was also versed in French, Spanish, Italian and An- glo-Saxon, and in the criticism of the fine arts. Being very polite and polished in his manners, he won the friendship of all whom he met. Though able with his pen, he was not fluent in public speech. In 1769 he was chosen a member of the Virginia Legislature, and was the largest slave-holding member of that body. He introduced a bill empowering slave-holders to manumit their slaves, but it was rejected by an overwhelming vote. In 1770 Mr. Jefferson met with a great loss ; his house at Shadwell was burned, and his valuable library of 2,000 volumes was consumed. But he was wealthy enough to replace the most of it, as from his 5,000 acres tilled by slaves and his practice at the bar his income amounted to about $5,000 a year. In 1772 he married Mrs. Martha Skelton, a beautiful, wealthy and accomplished "W^/71^ THOMAS JEFFERSON. 23 young widow, who owned 40,000 acres of land and 130 slaves; yet he labored assidu- ously for the abolition of slavery. For his new home he selected a majestic rise of land upon his large estate at Shadwell, called Monticello, whereon he erected a mansion of modest yet elegant architecture. Here he lived in luxury, indulging his taste in magnificent, high-blooded horses. At this period the British Government gradually became more insolent and op- pressive toward the American colonies, and Mr. Jefferson was ever one of the most foremost to resist its encroachments. From time to time he drew up resolutions of re- monstrance, which were finally adopted, thus proving his ability as a statesman and as a leader. By the vear 1774 he became quite busy, both with voice and pen, in de- fending the right of the colonies to defend themselves. His pamphlet entitled : " A Summary View of the Rights of British America," attracted much attention in Eng- land. The following year he, in company with George Washington, served as an ex- ecutive committee in measures to defend by arms the State of Virginia. As a Mem- ber of the Congress, he was not a speech- maker, yet in conversation and upon committees he was so frank and decisive that he always made a favorable impression. But as late as the autumn of 1775 he re- mained in hopes of reconciliation with the parent country. At length, however, the hour arrived for draughting the " Declaration of Indepen- dence," and this responsible task was de- volved upon Jefferson. Franklin, and Adams suggested a few verbal corrections before it was submitted to Congress, which was June 28, 1776, only six days before it was adopted. During the three .days of ! the fiery ordeal of criticism through which it passed in Congress, Mr. Jefferson opened not his lips. John Adams was the main champion of the Declaration on the floor of Congress. The signing of this document was one of the most solemn and momentous occasions ever attended to by man. Prayer and silence reigned throughout the hall, and each signer realized that if American independence was not finally sustained by arms he was doomed to the scaffold. After the colonies became independent States, Jefferson resigned for a time his seat in Congress in order to aid in organizing the government of Virginia, of which State he was chosen Governor in 1779, when he was thirty-six years of age. At this time the British had possession of Georgia and were invading South Carolina, and at one time a British officer, Parleton, sent a secret expedition to Monticello to capture the Governor. Five minutes after Mr. Jefferson escaped with his family, his man- sion was in possession of the enemy ! The British troops also destroyed his valuable plantation on the James River. " Had they carried off the slaves," said Jefferson, with characteristic magnanimity, " to give them freedom, they would have done right." The year 1781 was a gloomy one for the Virginia Governor. While confined to his secluded home in the forest by a sick and dying wife, a party arose against him throughout the State, severely criticising his course as Governor. Being very sensi- tive to reproach, this touched him to the quick, and the heap of troubles then sur- rounding him nearly crushed him. He re- solved, in despair, to retire from public life for the rest of his days. For weeks Mr. Jefferson sat lovingly, but with a crushed heart, at the bedside of his sick wife, during which time unfeeling letters were sent to him, accusing him of weakness and unfaith- fulness to duty. All this, after he had lost so much property and at the same time done so much for his country ! After her death he actually fainted away, and re- mained so long insensible that it was fearecs he never would recover! Several weeks 24 presidents of the united states. passed before he could fully recover his equilibrium. He was never married a second time. In the spring of 1782 the people of Eng- land compelled their king to make to the Americans overtures of peace, and in No- vember following, Mr. Jefferson was reap- pointed by Congress, unanimously and without a single adverse remark, minister plenipotentiary to negotiate a treaty. In March, 1784, Mr. Jefferson was ap- pointed on a committee to draught a plan for the government of the Northwestern Territory. His slavery-prohibition clause in that plan was stricken out by the pro- slavery majority of the committee; but amid all the controversies and wrangles of poli- ticians, he made it a rule never to contra- dict anybody or engage in any discussion as a debater. In company with Mr. Adams and Dr. Franklin, Mr. Jefferson was appointed in May, 1784, to act as minister plenipotentiary in the negotiation of treaties of commerce with foreign nations. Accordingly, he went to Paris and satisfactorily accomplished his mission. The suavity and high bearing of his manner made all the French his friends; and even Mrs. Adams at one time wrote to her sister that he was " the chosen of the earth." But all the honors that he received, both at home and abroad, seemed to make no change in the simplicity of his republican tastes. On his return to America, he found two parties respecting the foreign commercial policy, Mr. Adams sympathizing with that in favor of England and himself favoring France. On the inauguration of General Wash- ington as President, Mr. Jefferson was chosen by him for the office of Secretary of State. At this time the rising storm of the French Revolution became visible, and Washington watched it with great anxiety. His cabinet was divided in their views of constitutional government as well as re- garding the issues in France. General Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, was the leader of the so-called Federal party, while Mr. Jefferson was the leader of the Republican party. At the same time there was a strong monarchical party in this country, with which Mr. Adams sympa- thized. Some important financial measures, which were proposed by Hamilton and finally adopted by the cabinet and approved by Washington, were opposed by Mr. Jefferson ; and his enemies then began to reproach him with holding office under an administration whose views he opposed. The President poured oil on the troubled waters. On his re-election to the Presi- dency he desired Mr. Jefferson to remain in the cabinet, but the latter sent in his resignation at two different times, probably because he was dissatisfied with some of the measures of the Government. His final one was not received until January 1, 1794, when General Washington parted from him with great regret. Jefferson then retired to his quiet home at Monticello, to enjoy a good rest, not even reading the newspapers lest the political gossip should disquiet him. On the Presi- dent's again calling him back to the office of Secretary of State, he replied that no circumstances would ever again tempt him to engage in anything public ! But, while all Europe was ablaze with war, and France in the throes of a bloody revolution and the principal theater of the conflict, a new Presidential election in this country came on. John Adams was the Federal candi- date and Mr. Jefferson became the Republi- can candidate. The result of the election was the promotion of the latter to the Vice- Presidency, while the former was chosen President. In this contest Mr. Jefferson really did not desire to have either office, he was " so weary " of party strife. He loved the retirement of home more than any other place on the earth. THOMAS JEFFERSON. 25 But for four long years his Vice-Presi- dency passed joylessly away, while the partisan strife between Federalist and Re- publican was ever growing hotter. The former party split and the result of the fourth general election was the elevation of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidency ! with Aaron Burr as Vice-President. These men being at the head of a growing party, their election was hailed everywhere with joy. On the other hand, many of the Federalists turned pale, as they believed what a portion of the pulpit and the press had been preach- ing — that Jefferson was a " scoffing atheist," a "Jacobin," the " incarnation of all evil," " breathing threatening and slaughter ! " Mr. Jefferson's inaugural address con- tained nothing but the noblest sentiments, expressed in fine language, and his personal behavior afterward exhibited the extreme of American, democratic simplicity. His disgust of European court etiquette grew upon him with age. He believed that General Washington was somewhat dis- trustful of the ultimate success of a popular Government, and that, imbued with a little admiration of the forms of a monarchical Government, he had instituted levees, birth- days, pompous meetings with Congress, etc. Jefferson was always polite, even to slaves everywhere he met them, and carried in his countenance the indications of an ac- commodating disposition. The political principles of the Jeffersoni- an party now swept the country, and Mr. Jefferson himself swayed an influence which was never exceeded even by Washington. Under his administration, in 1803, the Lou- isiana purchase was made, for $15,000,000, the " Louisiana Territory " purchased com- prising all the land west of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. The year 1804 witnessed another severe loss in his family. His highly accomplished and most beloved daughter Maria sickened and died, causing as great grief in the stricken parent as it was possible for him to survive with any degree of sanity. The same year he was re-elected to the Presidency, with George Clinton as Vice- President. During his second term our relations with England became more com- plicated, and on June 22, 1807, near Hamp- ton Roads, the United States frigate Chesapeake was fired upon by the Brit- ish man-of-war Leopard, and was made to surrender. Three men were killed and ten wounded. Jefferson demanded repara- tion. England grew insolent. It became evident that war was determined upon by the latter power. More than 1,200 Ameri- cans were forced into the British service upon the high seas. Before any satisfactory solution was reached, Mr. Jefferson's Presidential term closed. Amid all these public excitements he thought constantlv of the welfare of his family, and longed for the time when he could return home to remain. There, at Monticello, his sub- sequent life was very similar to that of Washington at Mt. Vernon. His hospi- tality toward his numerous friends, indul- gence of his slaves, and misfortunes to his property, etc., finally involved him in debt. For years his home resembled a fashion- able watering-place. During the summer, thirty-seven house servants were required ! It was presided over by his daughter, Mrs. Randolph. Mr. Jefferson did much for the establish- ment of the University at Charlottesville, making it unsectarian, in keeping with the spirit of American institutions, but poverty and the feebleness of old age prevented him from doing what he would. He even went so far as to petition the Legislature for permission to dispose of some of his possessions by lottery, in order to raise the necessary funds for home expenses. It was granted ; but before the plan was carried out, Mr. Jefferson died, July 4, 1826, at 12:50 P. M. 26 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. mm ■ l-_'%_-l^.^L.-l-_g^_-i^©gC-^'Vx' B>01 Jl ( S)--l-- AMES MADISON, the fourth President of the H$w United States, i8o9-'i7, ,";= was born at Port Con- jsk, way, Prince George »# County, Virginia, March 1 6, 1 75 1. His father, Colonel James Madison, was a wealthy planter, residing upon a very fine estate called " Montpelier," only twenty-five miles from the home of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello. The closest personal and political at- tachment existed between these illustrious men from their early youth until death. James was the eldest of a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters, all of whom attained maturity. His early edu- cation was conducted mostly at home, under a private tutor. Being naturally in- tellectual in his tastes, he consecrated him- self with unusual vigor to study. At a very early age he made considerable proficiency in the Greek, Latin, French and Spanish languages. In 1769 he entered Princeton College, New Jersey, of which the illus- trious Dr. Weatherspoon was then Presi- dent. He graduated in 1771, with a char- acter of the utmost purity, and a mind highly disciplined and stored with all the learning which embellished and gave effi- ciency to his subsequent career. After graduating he pursued a course of reading for several months, under the guidance of President Weatherspoon, and in 1772 re- turned to Virginia, where he continued in incessant study for two years, nominally directed to the law, but really including extended researches in theology, philoso- phy and general literature. The Church of England was the estab- lished church in Virginia, invested with all the prerogatives and immunities which it enjoyed in the fatherland, and other de- nominations labored under serious disabili- ties, the enforcement of which was rightly or wrongly characterized by them as per- secution. Madison took a prominent stand in behalf of the removal of all disabilities, repeatedly appeared in the court of his own county to defend the Baptist nonconform- ists, and was elected from Orange County to the Virginia Convention in the spring of 1766, when he signalized the beginning of his public career by procuring the passage of an amendment to the Declaration of Rights as prepared by George Mason, sub- stituting for "toleration" a more emphatic assertion of religious liberty. Ill / Ox+*-^ /sC( ac^cr ^K. JAMES MADISON. 39 In 1776 he was elected a member of the Virginia Convention to frame the Constitu- tion of the State. Like Jefferson, he took but little part in the public debates. His main strength lay in his conversational in- fluence and in his pen. In November, 1777, he was chosen a member of the Council of State, and in March, 1780, took his seat in the Continental Congress, where he first gained prominence through his energetic opposition to the issue of paper money by the States. He continued in Congress three years, one of its most active and influential members. In 1784 Mr. Madison was elected a mem- ber of the Virginia Legislature. He ren- dered important service by promoting and participating in that revision of the statutes which effectually abolished the remnants of the feudal system subsistent up to that time in the form of entails, primogeniture, and State support given the Anglican Church ; and his " Memorial and Remon- strance" against a general assessment for the support of religion is one of the ablest papers which emanated from his pen. It settled the question of the entire separation of church and State in Virginia. Mr. Jefferson says of him, in allusion to the study and experience through which he had already passed : " Trained in these successive schools, he acquired a habit of self-possession which placed at ready command the rich resources of his luminous and discriminating mind and of his extensive information, and rendered him the first of every assembly of which he afterward became a member. Never wan- dering from his subject into vain declama- tion, but pursuing it closely in language pure, classical and copious, soothing al- ways the feelings of his adversaries by civili- ties and softness of expression, he rose to the eminent station which he held in the great National Convention of 1787 ; and in that of Virginia, which followed, he sustained the new Constitution in all its parts, bearing off the palm against the logic of George Mason and the fervid declamation of Patrick Henry. With these consummate powers were united a pure and spotless virtue which no calumny has ever attempted to sully. Of the power and polish of his pen, and of the wisdom of his administration in the highest office of the nation, I need say nothing. They have spoken, and will for- ever speak, for themselves." In January, 1786, Mr. Madison took the initiative in proposing a meeting of State Commissioners to devise measures for more satisfactory commercial relations between the States. A meeting was held at An- napolis to discuss this subject, and but five States were represented. The convention issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madi- son, urging all the States to send their dele- gates to Philadelphia, in May, 1787, to draught a Constitution for the United States. The delegates met at the time ap- pointed, every State except Rhode Island being represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention, and the present Constitution of the United States was then and there formed. There was no mind and no pen more active in framing this immortal document than the mind and pen of James Madison. He was, perhaps, its ablest advocate in the pages of the Federalist. Mr. Madison was a member of the first four Congresses, i78q-'q7, in which he main- tained a moderate opposition to Hamilton's financial policy. He declined the mission to France and the Secretaryship of State, and, gradually identifying himself with the Republican party, became from 1792 its avowed leader. In 1796 he was its choice for the Presidency as successor to Wash- ington. Mr. Jefferson wrote: "There is not another person in the United States with whom, being placed at the helm of our affairs, my mkid would be so completely a( 3° PRESIDENTS OF THE UN /TED STATES. rest for the fortune of our political bark." But Mr. Madison declined to be a candi- date. His term in Congress had expired, and he returned from New York to his beautiful retreat at Montpelier. In 1794 Mr. Madison married a young widow of remarkable powers of fascination — Mrs. Todd. Her maiden name was Doro- thy Paine. She was born in 1767, in Vir- ginia, of Quaker parents, and had been educated in the strictest rules of that sect. When but eighteen years of age she married a young lawyer and moved to Philadelphia, where she was introduced to brilliant scenes of fashionable life. She speedily laid aside the dress and address of the Quakeress, and became one of the most fascinating ladies of the republican court. In New York, alter the death of her husband, she was the belle of the season and was surrounded with admirers. Mr. Madisnn won the prize. She proved an invaluable helpmate. In Washington she was the life of society. If there was any diffident, timid young girl just making her appearance, she found in Mrs. Madison an encouraging friend. During the stormy administration of John Adams Madison remained in private life, but was the author of the celebrated " Reso- lutions of 1798," adopted by the Virginia Legislature, in condemnation of the Alien and Sedition laws, as well as of the " report" in which he defended those resolutions, which is, by many, considered his ablest State paper. The storm passed away ; the Alien and Sedition laws were repealed, John Adams lost his re-election, and in 1801 Thomas Jef- ferson was chosen President. The great re- action in public sentiment which seated Jefferson in the presidential chair was large- ly owing to the writings of Madison, who was consequently well entitled to the post of Secretary of State. With great ability he discharged the duties of this responsible office during the eight years of Mr. JefTer. son's administration. As Mr. Jefferson was a widower, and neither of his daughters could be often with him, Mrs. Madison usually presided over the festivities of the White House; and as her husband succeeded Mr. Jefferson, hold- ing his office for two terms, this remarkable woman was the mistress of the presidential mansion for sixteen years. Mr. Madison being entirely engrossed by the cares of his office, all the duties of so- cial life devolved upon his accomplished wife. Never were such responsibilities more ably discharged. The most bitter foes of her husband and of the administra- tion were received with the frankly prof- fered hand and the cordial smile of wel- come; and the influence of this gentle woman in allaying the bitterness of party rancor became a great and salutary power in the nation. As the term of Mr. Jefferson's Presidency drew near its close, party strife was roused to the utmost to elect his successor. It was a death-grapple between the two great parties, the Federal and Republican. Mr. Madison was chosen President by an elec toral vote of 122 to 53, and was inaugurated March 4, 1809, at a critical period, when the relations of the United States with Great Britain were becoming embittered, and his first term was passed in diplomatic quarrels, aggravated by the act of non-intercourse of May, 1 8 10, and finally resulting in a decla- ration of war. On the 1 8th of June, 181 2, President Madison gave his approval to an act of Congress declaring war against Great Brit- ain. Notwithstanding the bitter hostility of the Federal party to the war, the country in general approved ; and in the autumn Madison was re-elected to the Presidency by 128 electoral votes to 89 in favor of George Clinton. March 4, 18 17, Madison yielded the Presi- JAMES MADISON. 3i dency to his Secretary of State and inti- mate friend, James Monroe, and retired to his ancestral estate at Montpelier, where he passed the evening of his days surrounded by attached friends and enjoying the merited respect of the whole nation. He took pleasure in promoting agriculture, as president of the county society, and in watching the development of the University of Virginia, of which he was long rector and visitor. In extreme old age he sat in 1829 as a member of the convention called to re- form the Virginia Constitution, where his appearance was hailed with the most gen- uine interest and satisfaction, though he was too infirm to participate in the active work of revision. Small in stature, slender and delicate in form, with a countenance full of intelligence, and expressive alike of mildness and dignity, he attracted the atten- tion of all who attended the convention, and was treated with the utmost deference. He seldom addressed the assembly, though he always appeared self-possessed, and watched with unflagging interest the prog- ress of every measure. Though the con- vention sat sixteen weeks, he spoke only twice; but when he did speak, the whole house paused to listen. His voice was feeble though his enunciation was very dis- tinct. One of the reporters, Mr. Stansbury, relates the following anecdote of Mr. Madi- son's last speech: " The next day, as there was a great call for it, and the report had not been returned for publication, I sent my son with a re- spectful note, requesting the manuscript. My son was a lad of sixteen, whom I had taken with me to act as amanuensis. On delivering my note, he was received with the utmost politeness, and requested to come up into Mr. Madison's room and wait while his eye ran over the paper, as com- pany had prevented his attending to it. He did so, and Mr. Madison sat down to correct the reDort. The lad stood near him so that his eye fell on the paper. Coming to a certain sentence in the speech, Mr. Madison erased a word and substituted another ; but hesitated, and not feeling satisfied with the second word, drew his pen through it also. My son was young, ignorant of the world, and unconscious of the solecism of which he was about to be guilty, when, in all simplic- ity, he suggested a word. Probably no other person then living would have taken such a liberty. But the sage, instead ol regarding such an intrusion with a frown, raised his eyes to the boy's face with a pleased surprise, and said, ' Thank you, sir ; it is the very word,' and immediately in- serted it. I saw him the next day, and he mentioned the circumstance, with a compli- ment on the young critic." Mr. Madison died at Montpelier, June 28, 1836, at the advanced age of eighty-five. While not possessing the highest order of talent, and deficient in oratorical powers, he was pre-eminently a statesman, of a well. balanced mind. His attainments were solid, his knowledge copious, his judgment gener- ally sound, his powers of analysis and logi- cal statement rarely surpassed, his language and literary style correct and polished, his conversation witty, his temperament san- guine and trustful, his integrity unques- tioned, his manners simple, courteous and winning. By these rare qualities he con- ciliated the esteem not only of friends, but of political opponents, in a greater degree than any American statesman in the present century. Mrs. Madison survived her husband thir- teen years, and died July 12, 1849, m tne eighty-second year of her age. She was one of the most remarkable women our coun- try has produced. Even now she is ad- miringly remembered in Washington as " Dolly Madison," and it is fitting that her memory should descend to posterity in company with thatof the companion of her life. 3> PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^:y.^.r , i t :?')'C') t .?vg > r3<£ t , '€t^3 1 ^ti't f V- ,, i^ 1 i^ 1 t^t^'' 1 c^ ^gBg Mv^givi ^ssataEii^aBEis aiEjg^^j^gg ay^3y^afflMta8t3iEB£BMat^3 ,L 2umiE MtaMOI r« ^aa jaaj^jrasacgaafc :: H , Vi-..V..'."'..V..V'..V..'->. ^^jggia v wwi. .' -.'^a:^' j^j 'AMES MONROE, the fifth President of the United States, i8i7-'25, was born in Westmoreland County Virginia, April 28, 1758] He was a son of Spence Monroe, and a descendant of a Scottish cavalier fam- ily. Like all his predeces- sors thus far in the Presi- dential chair, he enjoyed all the advantages of educa- tion which the country could then afford. He was early sent to a fine classical school, and at the age of six- teen entered William and Mary College.. In 1776, when he had been in college but two years, the Declaration of Independence was adopted, and our feeble militia, with- out arms, amunition or clothing, were strug- gling against the trained armies of England. James Monroe left college, hastened to General Washington's headquarters at New York and enrolled himself as a cadet in the army. At Trenton Lieutenant Monroe so dis- tinguished himself, receiving a wound in his shoulder, that he was promoted to a Cap- taincy. Upon recovering from his wound, he was invited to act as aide to Lord Ster- ling, and in that capacity he took an active part in the battles of Brandywine, Ger- mantown and Monmouth. At Germantown he stood by the side of Lafayette when the French Marquis received his wound. Gen- eral Washington, who had formed a high idea of young Monroe's ability, sent him to Virginia to raise a new regiment, of which he was to be Colonel; but so exhausted was Virginia at that time that the effort proved unsuccessful. He, however, received his commission. Finding no opportunity to enter the army as a commissioned officer, he returned to his original plan of studying law, and entered the office of Thomas Jefferson, who was then Governor of Virginia. He developed a very noble character, frank, manly and sincere. Mr. Jefferson said of him: "James Monroe is so perfectly honest that if his soul were turned inside out there would not be found a spot on it." In 1782 he was elected to the Assembly of Virginia, and was also appointed a mem- ber of the Executive Council. The next year he was chosen delegate to the Conti- nental Congress for a term of three years. He was present at Annapolis when Wash- ington surrendered his commission of Com- mander-in-chief. With Washington, Jefferson and Madison he felt deeply the inefficiency of the old Articles of Confederation, and urged the formation of a new Constitution, which should invest the Central Government with something like national power. Influenced by these views, he introduced a resolution 7 A^z^. / JAMES MONROE. 35 that Congress should be empowered to regulate trade, and to lay an impost duty of five per cent. The resolution was refer- red to a committee of which he was chair- man. The report and the discussion which rose upon it led to the convention of five States at Annapolis, and the consequent general convention at Philadelphia, which, in 1787, drafted the Constitution of the United States. At this time there was a controversy be- tween New York and Massachusetts in reference to their boundaries. The high esteem in which Colonel Monroe was held is indicated by the fact that he was ap- pointed one of the judges to decide the controversy. While in New York attend- ing Congress, he married Miss Kortright, a young lady distinguished alike for her beauty and accomplishments. For nearly fifty years this happy union remained un- broken. In London and in Paris, as in her own country, Mrs. Monroe won admiration and affection by the loveliness of her per- son, the brilliancy of her intellect, and the amiability of her character. Returning to Virginia, Colonel Monroe commenced the practice of law at Freder- icksburg. He was very soon elected to a seat in the State Legislature, and the next year he was chosen a member of the Vir- ginia convention which was assembled to decide upon the acceptance or rejection of the Constitution which had been drawn up at Philadelphia, and was now submitted to the several States. Deeply as he felt the imperfections of the old Confederacy, he was opposed to the new Constitution, thinking, with many others of the Republi- can party, that it gave too much power to the Central Government, and not enough to the individual States. In 1789 he became a member of the United States Senate, which office he held acceptably to his constituents, and with honor to himself for four years. Having opposed the Constitution as not leaving enough power with the States, he, of course, became more and more identi- fied with the Republican party. Thus he found himself in cordial co-operation with Jefferson and Madison. The great Repub- lican party became the dominant power which ruled the land. George Washington was then President. England had espoused the cause of the Bourbons against the principles of the French Revolution. President Washing- ton issued a proclamation of neutrality be- tween these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our lib- erties. All the despotisms of Europe were now combined to prevent the French from escaping from tyranny a thousandfold worse than that which we had endured. Colonel Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that we should help our old allies in their extremity. He vio- lently opposed the President's procla- mation as ungrateful and wanting in magnanimity. Washington, who could appreciate such a character, developed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness by appointing that very James Monroe, who was denouncing the policy of the Government, as the Minis- ter of that Government to the republic of France. He was directed by Washington to express to the French people our warm- est sympathy, communicating to them cor- responding resolves approved by the Pres- ident, and adopted by both houses of Congress. Mr. Monroe was welcomed by the Na- tional Convention in France with the most enthusiastic demonstrations of respect and affection. He was publicly introduced to that body, and received the embrace of the President, Merlin de Douay, after having been addressed in a speech glowing with congratulations, and with expressions of desire that harmony might ever exist be 36 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. tween the two nations. The flags of the two republics were intertwined in the hall of the convention. Mr. Monroe presented the American colors, and received those of France in return. The course which he pursued in Paris was so annoying to Eng- land and to the friends of England in this country that, near the close of Wash- ington's administration, Mr. Monroe, was recalled. After his return Colonel Monroe wrote a book of 400 pages, entitled " A View of the Conduct of the Executive in Foreign Af- fairs." In this work he very ably advo- cated his side of the question; but, with the magnanimity of the man, he recorded a warm tribute to the patriotism, ability and spotless integrity of John Jay, between whom and himself there was intense antag- onism ; and in subsequent years he ex- pressed in warmest terms his perfect veneration for the character of George Washington. Shortly after his return to this country Colonel Monroe was elected Governor of Virginia, and held that office for three years, the period limited by the Constitu- tion. In 1802 he was an Envoy to France, and to Spain in 1805, and was Minister to England in 1803. In 1806 he returned to his quiet home in Virginia, and with his wife and children and an ample competence from his paternal estate, enjoyed a few years of domestic repose. In 1809 Mr. Jefferson's second term of office expired, and many of the Republican party were anxious to nominate James Monroe as his successor. The majority were in favor of Mr. Madison. Mr. Mon- roe withdrew his name and was soon after chosen a second time Governor of Virginia. He soon resigned that office to accept the position of Secretary of State, offered him by President Madison. The correspond- ence which he then carried on with the British Government demonstrated that there was no hope of any peaceful adjust- ment of our difficulties with the cabinet of St. James. War was consequently declared in June, 1812. Immediately after the sack of Washington the Secretary of War re- signed, and Mr. Monroe, at the earnest request of Mr. Madison, assumed the ad- ditional duties of the War Department, without resigning his position as Secretary of State. It has been confidently stated, that, had Mr. Monroe's energies been in the War Department a few months earlier, the disaster at Washington would not have occurred. The duties now devolving upon Mr. Mon- roe were extremely arduous. Ten thou- sand men, picked from the veteran armies of England, were sent with a powerful fleet to New Orleans to acquire possession of the mouths of the Mississippi. Our finan- ces were in the most deplorable condition. The treasury was exhausted and our credit gone. And yet it was necessary to make the most rigorous preparations to meet the foe. In this crisis James Monroe, the Sec- retary of War, with virtue unsurpassed in Greek or Roman story, stepped forward and pledged his own individual credit as subsidiary to that of the nation, and thus succeeded in placing the city of New Or- leans in such a posture of defense, that it was enabled successfully to repel the in- vader. Mr. Monroe was truly the armor-bearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. His energy in the double capacity of Secretary, both of State and War, pervaded all the depart- ments of the country. He proposed to increase the army to 100,000 men, a meas- ure which he deemed absolutely necessary to save us from ignominious defeat, but which, at the same time, he knew would render his name so unpopular as to preclude the possibility of his being a successful can- didate for the Presidency. JAMES MONROE. .17 The happy result of the conference at Ghent in securing peace rendered the in- crease of the army unnecessary; but it is not too much to say that James Monroe placed in the hands of Andrew Jackson the weapon with which to beat off the foe at New Orleans. Upon the return of peace Mr. Monroe resigned the department of , war, devoting himself entirely to the duties of Secretary of State. These he continued to discharge until the close of President Madison's administration, with zeal which was never abated, and with an ardor of self-devotion which made him almost for- getful of the claims of fortune, health or life. Mr. Madison's second term expired in March, 1817, and Mr. Monroe succeeded to the Presidency. He was a candidate of the Republican party, now taking the name of the Democratic Republican. In 1821 he was re-elected, with scarcely any opposition. Out of 232 electoral votes, he received 231. The slavery question, which subsequently assumed such formidable dimensions, now began to make its appearance. The State of Missouri, which had been carved out of that immense territory which we had pur- chased of France, applied for admission to the Union, with a slavery Constitution. There were not a few who foresaw the evils impending. After the debate of a week it was decided that Missouri could not be admitted into the Union with slav- ery. This important question was at length settled by a compromise proposed by Henry Clay. The famous "Monroe Doctrine," of which so much has been said, originated in this way: In 1823 it was rumored that the Holy Alliance was about to interfere to prevent the establishment of Republican liberty in the European colonies of South America. President Monroe wrote to his old friend Thomas Jefferson for advice in the emergency. In his reply under date of October 24, Mr. Jefferson writes upon the supposition that our attempt to resist this European movement might lead to war: " Its object is to introduce and establish the American system of keeping out of our land all foreign powers; of never permitting those of Europe to intermeddle with the affairs of our nation. It is to maintain our own principle, not to depart from it." December 2, 1823, President Monroe sent a message to Congress, declaring it to be the policy of this Government not to entangle ourselves with the broils of Eu- rope, and not to allow Europe to interfere with the affairs of nations on the American continent; and the doctrine was announced, that any attempt on the part of the Euro- pean powers " to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere would be regarded by the United States as danger- ous to our peace and safety." March 4, 1825, Mr. Monroe surrendered the presidential chair to his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, and retired, with the universal respect of the nation, to his private residence at Oak Hill, Lou- doun County, Virginia. His time had been so entirely consecrated to his country, that he had neglected his pecuniary interests, and was deeply involved in debt. The welfare of his country had ever been up- permost in his mind. For many years Mrs. Monroe was in such feeble health that she rarely appeared in public. In 1830 Mr. Monroe took up his residence with his son-in-law in New York, where he died on the 4th of July, 1831. The citizens of New York conducted his obsequies with pageants more imposing than had ever been witnessed there before. Our country will ever cherish his mem- ory with pride, gratefully enrolling his name in the list of its benefactors, pronounc- ing him the worthy successor of the illus- trious men who had preceded him in the presidential chair. 3S PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. ■>-j»»J«- OHN QUINCY ADAMS, the sixth President of the United States, 1825-9, was born in the rural home of his honored father, John Adams, in Q u i n c y , Massachusetts, July 11, 1767. His mother, a woman of exalted worth, watched over his childhood during the almost constant absence of his father. He commenced his education at the village school, giving at an early period indica- tions of superior mental en- dowments. When eleven years of age he sailed with his father for Europe, where the latter was associated with Franklin and Lee as Minister Plenipotentiary. The intelligence of John Quincy attracted the attention of these men and received from them flattering marks of attention. Mr. Adams had scarcely returned to this country in 1779 ere he was again sent abroad, and John Quincy again accom- panied him. On this voyage he commenced a diary, which practice he continued, with but few interruptions, until his death. He journeyed with his father from Ferrol, in Spain, to Paris. Here he applied himself for six months to study; then accompanied his father to Holland, where he entered, first a school in Amsterdam, and then the University of Leyden. In 1781, when only fourteen years of age, he was selected by Mr. Dana, our Minister to the Russian court, as his private secretary. In this school of incessant labor he spent fourteen months, and then returned alone to Holland through Sweden, Denmark, Hamburg and Bremen. Again he resumed his studies under a private tutor, at The Hague. In the spring of 1782 he accompanied his father to Paris, forming acquaintance with the most distinguished men on the Conti- nent. After a short visit to England, he re- turned to Paris and studied until May, 1785, when he returned to America, leav- ing his father an embassador at the court of St. James. In 1786 he entered the jun- ior class in Harvard University, and grad- uated with the second honor of his class. The oration he delivered on this occasion, the " Importance of Public Faith to the Well-being of a Community," was pub- lished — an event very rare in this or any other land. Upon leaving college at the age of twenty he studied law three years with the Hon. Theophilus Parsons in Newburyport. In 1790 he opened a law office in Boston. The profession was crowded with able men, and the fees were small. The first vear he had 3, £> . J^id^h JOHN QUINCr ADAMS. no clients, but not a moment was lost. The second year passed away, still no clients, and still he was dependent upon his parents for support. Anxiously he awaited the third year. The reward now came. Cli- ents began to enter his office, and before the end of the year he was so crowded with business that all solicitude respecting a support was at an end. When Great Britain commenced war against France, in 1793, Mr. Adams wrote some articles, urging entire neutrality on the part of the United States. The view was not a popular one. Many felt that as France had helped us, we were bound to help France. But President Washington coincided with Mr. Adams, and issued his proclamation of neutrality. His writings at this time in the Boston journals gave him so high a reputation, that in June, 1794, he was appointed by Washington resident Minister at the Netherlands. In July, 1797, he left The Hague to go to Port- ugal as Minister Plenipotentiary. Wash- ington at this time wrote to his father, John Adams: " Without intending to compliment the father or the mother, or to .censure any others, I give it as my decided opinion, that Mr. Adams is the most valuable char- acter we have abroad; and there remains no doubt in my mind that he will prove the ablest of our diplomatic corps." On his way to Portugal, upon his arrival in London, he met with dispatches direct- ing him to the court of Berlin, but request- ins: him to remain in London until he should receive instructions. While waiting he was married to Miss Louisa Catherine John- son, to whom he had been previously en- gaged. Miss Johnson was a daughter of Mr. Joshua Johnson, American Consul in London, and was a lady endowed with that beauty and those accomplishments which fitted her to move in the elevated sphere for which she was destined. In July, 1799, having fulfilled all the pur- poses of his mission, Mr. Adams returned. In 1802 he was chosen to the Senate of Massachusetts from Boston, and then was elected Senator of the United States for six years from March 4, 1804. His reputation, his ability and his experience, placed him immediately among the most prominent and influential members of that body. He sustained the Government in its measures of resistance to the encroachments of Eng- land, destroying our commerce and insult- ing our flag. There was no man in America more familiar with the arrogance of the British court upon these points, and no one more resolved to present a firm resist- ance. This course, so truly patriotic, and which scarcely a voice will now be found to condemn, alienated him from the Fed- eral party dominant in Boston, and sub- jected him to censure. In 1805 Mr. Adams was chosen professor of rhetoric in Harvard College. His lect- ures at this place were subsequently pub- lished. In 1809 he was sent as Minister to Russia. He was one of the commissioners that negotiated the treaty of peace with Great Britain, signed December 24, 1814, and he was appointed Minister to the court of St. James in 1815. In 1817 he became Secretary of State in Mr. Monroe's cabinet in which position he remained eight years. Few will now contradict the assertion that the duties of that office were never more ably discharged. Probably the most im- portant measure which Mr. Adams con- ducted was the purchase of Florida from Spain for $5,000,000. The campaign of 1824 was an exciting one. Four candidates were in the field. Of the 260 electoral votes that were cast, Andrew Jackson received ninety-nine; John Quincy Adams, eighty-four; William H. Crawford, forty-one, and Henry Clay, thirty-seven. As there was no choice by the people, the question went to the House 42 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. of Representatives. Mr. Clay gave the vote of Kentucky to Mr. Adams, and he was elected. The friends of all disappointed candidates now combined in a venomous assault upon Mr. Adams. There is nothing more dis- graceful in the past history of our country than the abuse which was poured in one uninterrupted stream upon this high- minded, upright, patriotic man. There was never an administration more pure in prin- ciples, more conscientiously devoted to the best interests of the country, than that of John Quincy Adams; and never, perhaps, was there an administration more unscru- pulously assailed. Mr. Adams took his seat in the presidential chair resolved not to know any partisanship, but only to con- sult for the interests of the whole Republic, He refused to dismiss any man from of- fice for his political views. If he was a faith- ful officer that was enough. Bitter must have been his disappointment to find that the Nation could not appreciate such conduct. Mr. Adams, in his public manners, was cold and repulsive; though with his per- sonal friends he was at times very genial. This chilling address very seriously de- tracted from his popularity. No one can read an impartial record of his administra- tion without, admitting that a more noble example of uncompromising dignity can scarcely be found. It was stated publicly that Mr. Adams' administration was to be put down, " though it be as pure as the an- gels which stand at the right hand of the throne of God." Many of the active par- ticipants in these scenes lived to regret the course they pursued. Some years after, Warren R. Davis, of South Carolina, turn- ing to Mr. Adams, then a member of the House of Representatives, said: " Well do I remember the enthusiastic zeal with which we reproached the admin- istration of that gentleman, and the ardor and vehemence with which we labored to bring in another. For the share I had in these transactions, and it was not a small one, I hope God will forgive me, for I shall never forgive myself." March 4, 1829, Mr. Adams retired from the Presidency and was succeeded by An- drew Jackson, the latter receiving 168 out of 261 electoral votes. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice-President. The slavery question now began to assume pretentious magnitude. Mr. Adams returned to Quincy, and pursued his studies with una- bated zeal. But he was not long permitted to remain in retirement. In November, 1830, he was elected to Congress. In this he recognized the principle that it is honor- able for the General of yesterday to act as Corporal to-day, if by so doing he can ren- der service to his country. Deep as are our obligations to John Quincy Adams for his services as embassador, as Secretary of State and as President; in his capacity as legislator in the House of Representa- tives, he conferred benefits upon our land which eclipsed all the rest, and which can never be over-estimated. For seventeen years, until his death, he occupied the post of Representative, tow- ering above all his peers, ever ready to do brave battle for freedom, and winning the title of " the old man eloquent." Upon taking his seat in the House he announced that he should hold himself bound to no party. He was usually the first in his place in the morning, and the last to leave his seat in the evening. Not a measure could escape his scrutiny. The battle which he fought, almost singly, against the pro-slavery party in the Government, was sublime in its moral daring and heroism. For persisting in presenting petitions for the abolition of slavery, he was threatened with indictment by the Grand Jury, with expulsion from the House, with assassina- tion; but no threats could intimidate him, and his final triumph was complete. JOHN ^UINCT ADAMS. 43 On one occasion Mr. Adams presented a petition, signed by several women, against the annexation of Texas for the purpose of cutting it up into slave States. Mr. How- ard, of Maryland, said that these women discredited not only themselves, but their section of the country, by turning from their domestic duties to the conflicts of po- litical life. "Are women," exclaimed Mr. Adams, " to have no opinions or actions on subjects relating to the general welfare ? Where did the gentleman get his principle? Did he find it in sacred history, — in the language of Miriam, the prophetess, in one of the noblest and sublime songs of triumph that ever met the human eye or ear? Did the gentleman never hear of Deborah, to whom the children of Israel came up for judg- ment ? Has he forgotten the deed of Jael, who slew the dreaded enemy of her coun- ' try? Has he forgotten Esther, who, by her petition saved her people and her coun- try? " To go from sacred history to profane, does the gentleman there find it ' discredita- ble ' for women to take an interest in politi- cal affairs? Has he forgotten the Spartan mother, who said to her son when going out to battle, ' My son, come back to me with thy shield, or upon thy shield ?' Does he remember Cloelia and her hundred com- panions, who swam across the river unc H er a shower of darts, escaping from Porsena ? Has he forgotten Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi ? Does he not remember Por- tia, the wife of Brutus and the daughter of Cato? " To come to later periods, what says the history of our Anglo-Saxon ancestors ? To say nothing of Boadicea, the British heroine in the time of the Cassars, what name is more illustrious than that of Eliza- beth ? Or, if he will go to the continent, will he not find the names of Maria Theresa of Hungary, of the two Catherines of Prussia, and of Isabella of Castile, the pa- troness of Columbus ? Did she bring ' dis- credit ' on her sex by mingling in politics? " In this glowing strain Mi-. Adams si- lenced and overwhelmed his antagonists. In January, 1842, Mr. Adams presented a petition from forty-five citizens of Haver- hill, Massachusetts, praying for a peaceable dissolution of the Union. The pro-slavery party in Congress, who were then plotting the destruction of the Government, were aroused to a pretense of commotion such as even our stormy hall of legislation has rarely witnessed. They met in caucus, and, finding that they probably would not be able to expel Mr. Adams from the House drew up a series of resolutions, which, if adopted, would inflict upon him disgrace, equivalent to expulsion. Mr. Adams had presented the petition, which was most re- spectfully worded, and had moved that it be referred to a committee instructed to re- port an answer, showing the reason why the prayer ought not to be granted. It was the 25th of January. The whole body of the pro-slavery party came crowd- ing together in the House, prepared to crush Mr. Adams forever. One of the num- ber, Thomas F. Marshall, of Kentucky, was appointed to read the resolutions, which accused Mr. Adams of high treason, of having insulted the Government, and 01 meriting expulsion; but for which deserved punishment, the House, in its great mercy, would substitute its severest censure. With the assumption of a very solemn and mag- isterial air, there being breathless silence in the audience, Mr. Marshall hurled the care- fully prepared anathemas at his victim. Mr. Adams stood alone, the whole pro-slav- ery party against him. As soon as the resolutions were read, every eye being fixed upon him, that bold old man, whose scattered locks were whit- ened by seventy-five years, casting a wither- ing glance in the direction of his assailants ; 44 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN /TED STATES in a clear, shrill tone, tremulous with sup- pressed emotion, said: " In reply to this audacious, atrocious charge of high treason, I call for the read- ing of the first paragraph of the Declaration of Independence. Read it ! Read it! and see what that says of the rights of a people to reform, to change, and to dissolve their Government.' The attitude, the manner, the tone, the words; the venerable old man, with flash- ing eye and flushed cheek, and whose very form seemed to expand under the inspiration of the occasion— all presented a scene over- flowing in its sublimity. There was breath- less silence as that paragraph was read, in defense of whose principles our fathers had pledged their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor. It was a proud hour to Mr. Adams as they were all compelled to listen to the words: " That, to secure these rights, govern- ments are instituted anions: men, deriving- their just powers from the consent of the governed; and that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of those ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundations on such principles and organizing its powers in such form as shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness." That one sentence routed and baffled the foe. The heroic old man looked around upon the audience, and thundered out, " Read that again!" It was again read. Then in a few fiery, logical words he stated his defense in terms which even prejudiced minds could not resist. His discomfited assailants made several attempts to rally. After a conflict of eleven days they gave up vanquished and their resolution was ig- nominiously laid upon the table. In January, 1846, when seventy-eight years of age, he took part in the great de- bate on the Oregon question, displaying intellectual vigor, and an extent and accu- racy of acquaintance with the subject that excited great admiration. On the 2 1st of February, 1848, he rose on the floor of Congress with a paper in his hand to address the Speaker. Suddenly he fell, stricken by paralysis, and was caught in the arms of those around him. For a time he was senseless and was conveyed to a sofa in the rotunda. With reviving consciousness he opened his eyes, looked calmly around and said, " This is the end of earth." Then after a moment's pause, he added, " / am content." These were his last words, and he soon breathed his last, in the apartment beneath the dome of the capitol — the theater of his labors and his triumphs. In the language of hymnology, he " died at his post;" he " ceased at once to work and live." W- "Si. A NDRE W J A CKS O N. M l^:^^..„....™^™........ ^^^M.^ ...7.77. .'.ssdaj I f^nxnisidiRGR NDREW JACKSON, the seventh President of the United States, 82Q-'37, was born at , the Waxhaw Settle. #^5» ment, Union Coun- ty, North Carolina, March 16, 1767. His parents were Scotch-Irish, natives of Carrickfergus, who came to America in 1765, and settled on Twelve-Mile Creek, a trib- utary of the Catawba. His father, who was a poor farm laborer, died shortly before An- drew's birth, when his mother removed to Waxhaw, where some relatives resided. Few particulars of the childhood of Jack- son have been preserved. His education was of the most limited kind, and he showed no fondness for books. He grew up to be a tall, lank boy, with coarse hair and freck- led cheeks, with bare feet dangling from trousers too short for him, very fond of ath- letic sports, running, boxing and wrestling. He was generous to the younger and weaker boys, but very irascible and over- bearing with his equals and superiors. He was profane — a vice in which he surpassed all other men. The character of his mother he revered; and it was not until after her death that his predominant vices gained full strength. In 1780, at the age of thirteen, Andrew, or Andy, as he was called, with his brother Robert, volunteered to serve in the Revo- lutionary forces under General Sumter, and was a witness of the latter's defeat at Hang- ing Rock. In the following year the brothers were made prisoners, and confined in Camden, experiencing brutal treatment from their captors, and being spectators of General Green's defeat at Hobkirk Hill. Through their mother's exertions the boys were exchanged while suffering from small- pox. In two days Robert was dead, and Andy apparently dying. The strength of his constitution triumphed, and he regained health and vigor. As he was getting better, his mother heard the cry of anguish from the prison- ers whom the British held in Charleston, among whom were the sons of her sisters. She hastened to their relief, was attacked by fever, died and was buried where her grave could never be found. Thus Andrew Jackson, when fourteen years of age, was left alone in the world, without father, mother, sister or brother, and without one dollar which he could call his own. He 4 8 PRESIDENTS OP THE UNITED STATES. soon entered a saddler's shop, and labored diligently for six months. But gradually, as health returned, he became more and more a wild, reckless, lawless boy. He gambled, drank and was regarded as about the worst character that could be found. He now turned schoolmaster. He could teach the alphabet, perhaps the multiplica- tion table; and as he was a very bold boy, it is possible he might have ventured to teach a little writing. But he soon began to think of a profession and decided to study law. With a very slender purse, and on the back of a very fine horse, he set out for Salisbury, North Carolina, where he entered the law office of Mr. McCay. Here he remained two years, professedly studying law. He is still remembered in traditions of Salisbury, which say: " Andrew Jackson was the most roaring, rollicking, horse-racing, card-playing, mis- chievous fellow that ever lived in Salisbury. He did not trouble the law-books much." Andrew was now, at the age of twenty, a tall young man, being over six feet in height. He was slender, remarkably grace- ful and dignified in his manners, an exquis- ite horseman, and developed, amidst his loathesome profanity and multiform vices, a vein of rare magnanimity. His temper was fiery in the extre'me; but it was said of him that no man knew better than Andrew Jackson when to get angry and when not. In 1786 he was admitted to the bar, and two years later removed to Nashville, in what was then the western district of North Carolina, with the appointment of so- licitor, or public prosecutor. It was an of- fice of little honor, small emolument and great peril. Few men could be found to accept it. And now Andrew Jackson commenced vigorously to practice law. It was an im- portant part of his business to collect debts. It required nerve. During the first seven years of his residence in those wilds he traversed the almost pathless forest between Nashville and Jonesborough, a distance of 200 miles, twenty-two times. Hostile In- dians were constantly on the watch, and a man was liable at any moment to be shot down in his own field. Andrew Jackson was just the man for this service — a wild, daring, rough backwoodsman. Daily he made hair-breadth escapes. He seemed to bear a charmed life. Boldly, alone or with few companions, he traversed the forests, encountering all perils and triumphing over all. In 1790 Tennessee became a Territory, and Jackson was appointed, by President Washington, United States Attorney for the new district. In 1791 he married Mrs. Rachel Robards (daughter of Colonel John Donelson), whom he supposed to have been divorced in that year by an act of the Leg- islature of Virginia. Two years after this Mr. and Mrs. Jackson learned, to their great surprise, that Mr. Robards had just obtained a divorce in one of the courts of Kentucky, and that the act of the Virginia Legislature was not final, but conditional. To remedy the irregularity as much as pos- sible, a new license was obtained and the marriage ceremony was again performed. It proved to be a marriage of rare felic- ity. Probably there never was a more affectionate union. However rough Mr. Jackson might have been abroad, he was always gentle and tender at home; and through all the vicissitudes of their lives, he treated Mrs. Jackson with the most chival- ric attention. Under the circumstances it was not un- natural that the facts in the case of this marriage were so misrepresented by oppo- nents in the political campaigns a quarter or a century later as to become the basis of serious charges against Jackson's moral- ity which, however, have been satisfactorily attested by abundant evidence. Jackson was untiring in his duties as Andrew jackson. 49 United States Attorney, which demanded frequent journeys through the wilderness and exposed him to Indian hostilities. He acquired considerable property in land, and obtained such influence as to be chosen a member of the convention which framed the Constitution for the new State of Ten- nessee, in 1796, and in that year was elected its first Representative in Congress. Albert Gallatin thus describes the first appearance of the Hon. Andrew Jackson in the House: " A tall, lank, uncouth-looking personage, with locks of hair hanging over his face and a cue down his back, tied with an eel skin; his dress singular, his manners and deport- ment those of a rough backwoodsman." Jackson was an earnest advocate of the Democratic party. Jefferson was his idol. He admired Bonaparte, loved France and hated England. As Mr. Jackson took his seat, General Washington, whose second term of office was just expiring, delivered his last speech to Congress. A committee drew up a complimentary address in reply. Andrew Jackson did not approve the ad- dress and was one of twelve who voted against it. Tennessee had fitted out an expedition against the Indians, contrary to the policy of the Government. A resolution was intro- duced that the National Government should pay the expenses. Jackson advo- cated it and it was carried. This rendered him very popular in Tennessee. A va- cancy chanced soon after to occur in the Senate, and Andrew Jackson was chosen United States Senator by the State of Ten- nessee. John Adams was then President and Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President. In 1798 Mr. Jackson returned to Tennes- see, and resigned his seat in the Senate. Soon after he was chosen Judge of the Su- preme Court of that State, with a salary of $600. This office he held six years. It is said that his decisions, though sometimes ungrammatical, were generally right. He did not enjoy his seat upon the bench, and renounced the dignity in 1804. About this time he was chosen Major-General of militia, and lost the title of judge in that of General. When he retired from the Senate Cham- ber, he decided to try his fortune through trade. He purchased a stock of goods in Philadelphia and sent them to Nashville, where he opened a store. He lived about thirteen miles from Nashville, on a tract of land of several thousand acres, mostly un- cultivated. He used a small block-house for a store, from a narrow window of which he sold goods to the Indians. As he had an assistant his office as judge did not materially interfere with his business. As to slavery, born in the midst of it, the idea never seemed to enter his mind that it could be wrong. He eventually became an extensive slaveowner, but he was one of the most humane and gentle of masters. In 1804 Mr. Jackson withdrew from pol- itics and settled on a plantation which he called the Hermitage, near Nashville. He set up a cotton-gin, formed a partnership and traded in New Orleans, making the voyage on flatboats. Through his hot tem- per he became involved in several quarrels and " affairs of honor," during this period, in one of which he was severely wounded, but had the misfortune to kill his opponent, Charles Dickinson. For a time this affair greatly injured General Jackson's popular- ity. The verdict then was, and continues to be, that General Jackson was outra- geously wrong. If he subsequently felt any remorse he never revealed it to anyone. In 1805 Aaron Burr had visited Nash- ville and been a guest of Jackson, with whom he corresponded on the subject of a war with Spain, which was anticipated and desired by them, as well as by the people of the Southwest generally. Burr repeated his visit in September, 1806, when he engaged in the celeorated J° PREJIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. combinations which led to his trial for trea- son. He was warmly received by Jackson, at whose instance a public ball was given in his honor at Nashville, and contracted with the latter for boats and provisions. Early in 1807, when Burr had been pro- claimed a traitor by President Jefferson, volunteer forces for the Federal service were organized at Nashville under Jack- son's command; but his energy and activ- ity did not shield him from suspicions of connivance in the supposed treason, lie was summoned to Richmond as a witness in Burr's trial, but was not called to the stand, probably because he was out-spoken in his partisanship. On the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1812, Jackson tendered his serv- ices, and in January, 1813, embarked for New Orleans at the head of the Tennessee contingent. In March he received an or- der to disband his forces; but in Septem- ber he again took the field, in the Creek war, and in conjunction with his former partner, Colonel Coffee, inflicted upon the Indians the memorable defeat at Talladega, Emuckfaw and Tallapoosa. In May, 1814, Jackson, who had now ac- quired a national reputation, was appointed a Major-General of the United States army, and commenced, a campaign against the British in Florida. He conducted the de- fense at Mobile, September 15, seized upon Pensacola, November 6, and immediately transported the bulk of his troops to New Orleans, then threatened by a powerful naval force. Martial law was declared in Louisiana, the State militia was called to arms, engagements with the British were fought December 23 and 28, and after re-en- forcements had been received on both sides the famous victory of January 8, 181 5, crowned Jackson's fame as a soldier, and made him the typical American hero of the first half of the nineteenth century. In 1 81 7-' 18 Jackson conducted the war against the Seminoles of Florida, during which he seized upon Pensacola and exe- cuted by courtmartial two British subjects, Arbuthnot and Ambrister acts which might easily have involved the United States in war both with Spain and Great Britain. Fortunately the peril was averted by the cession of Florida to the United States; and Jackson, who had escaped a trial for the irregularity of his conduct only through a division of opinion in Mon- roe's cabinet, was appointed in 182 1 Gov- ernor of the new Territory. Soon after he declined the appointment of minister to Mexico. In 1823 Jackson was elected to the United States Senate, and nominated by the Ten- nessee Legislature for the Presidency. This candidacy, though a matter of surprise, and even merryment, speedily became popular, and in 1824, when the stormy electoral can- vas resulted in the choice of John Quincy Adams by the House of Representatives, General Jackson received the largest popu- lar vote among the four candidates. In 1828 Jackson was triumphantly elected President over Adams after a campaign of unparalleled bitterness. He was inaugu- rated March 4, 1829, and at once removed from office all the incumbents belonging to the opposite party — a procedure new to American politics, but which naturally be- came a precedent. His first term was characterized by quar- rels between the Vice-President, Calhoun, and the Secretary of State, Van Buren, at- tended by a cabinet crisis originating in scandals connected with the name of Mrs. General Eaton, wife of the Secretary of War; by the beginning of his war upon the United States Bank, and by his vigorous action against the partisans of Calhoun, who, in South Carolina, threatened to nullify the acts of Congress, establishing a protective tariff. In the Presidential campaign of 1832 ANDREW JACKSON. Si Jackson received 219 out of 288 electoral votes, his competitor being Mr. Clay, while Mr. Wirt, on an Anti-Masonic platform, received the vote of Vermont alone. In 1833 President Jackson removed the Gov- ernment deposits from the United States bank, thereby incurring a vote of censure from the Senate, which was, however, ex- punged four years later. During this second term of office the Cherokees, Choctaws and Creeks were removed, not without diffi- culty, from Georgia, Alabama and Missis- sippi, to the Indian Territory; the National debt was extinguished; Arkansas and Michigan were admitted as States to the Union; the Seminole war was renewed; the anti-slavery agitation first acquired impor- tance; the Mormon delusion, which had organized in 1829, attained considerable proportions in Ohio and Missouri, and the country experienced its greatest pecuniary panic. Railroads with locomotive propulsion were ir f roduced into America during Jack- son's first term, and had become an impor- tant element of national life before the close of his second term. For many rea- sons, therelore, the administration of Presi- dent Jackson formed an era in American history, political, social and industrial. He succeeded in effecting the election of his friend Van Buren as his successor, re- tired from the Presidency March 4, 1837; and led a tranquil life at the Hermitage until his death, which occurred June 8, 1845. _ During his closing years he was a pro- fessed Christian and a member of the Pres- byterian church. No American of this century has been the subject of such oppo- site judgments. He was loved and hated with equal vehemence during his life, but at the present distance of time from his career, while opinions still vary as to the merits of his public acts, few of his country- men will question that he was a warm- hearted, brave, patriotic, honest and sincere man. If his distinguishing qualities were not such as constitute statesmanship, in the highest sense, he at least never pretended to other merits than such as were written to his credit on the page of American his- tory — not attempting to disguise the de- merits which were equally legible. The majority of his countrymen accepted and honored him, in spite of all that calumny as well as truth could allege against him. His faults may therefore be truly said to have been those of his time; his magnifi- cent virtues may also, with the same jus- tice, be considered as typical of a state of society which has nearly passed away. 52 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^S,tg J>*tS>*^ t §g) t §gtfg§i*g§l3( \t & ^(^wr:^:?^^^ a^g) ^v^^\135-SS5a3£H3aXir^^^^ r ^^ ; ^^'^ r ^'^^'^ : 'S'~ sisrscsn P -^^fflAI^TIN UAN Blil^EN.^^ i| pffii^Mjtg i)€; , *Si , ^) , *Si t ^i t SSi ( «£jJ , iiSj^=r^j^ . *m ARTIN VAN BU- REN, the eighth I/go./ President of the United States, 1837- 41, was born at Kin- p^T derhook, New York, December 5, 1782. His ancestors were of Dutch origin, and were among the earliest emigrants from Hol- and to the banks of the Hudson. His father was a tavern-keeper, as well as a farmer, and a very decided Democrat. Martin commenced the study of law at the age of fourteen, and took an active part in politics before he had reached the age of twenty. In 1803 he commenced the practice of law in his native village. In 1809 he removed to Hudson, the shire town of his county, where he spent seven years, gaining strength by contending in the courts with some of the ablest men who have adorned the bar of his State. The heroic example of John Quincy Adams in retaining in office every faithful man, without regard to his political preferences, had been thoroughly repudiated by Gen- eral Jackson. The unfortunate principle was now fully established, that " to the victor belong the spoils." Still, this prin- ciple, to which Mr. Van Buren gave his ad- herence, was not devoid of inconveniences. When, subsequently, he attained power which placed vast patronage in his hands, he was heard to say : "I prefer an office that has no patronage. When I give a man an office I offend his disappointed competi- tors and their friends. Nor am I certain of gaining a friend in the man I appoint, for, in all probability, he expected something better." In 1812 Mr. Van Buren was elected to the State Senate. In 181 5 he was appointed Attorney-General, and in 1816 to the Senate a second time. In 18 1 8 there was a great split in the Democratic party in New York, and Mr. Van Buren took the lead in or- ganizing that portion of the party called the Albany Regency, which is said to have swayed the destinies of the State for a quarter of a century. In 1821 he was chosen a member of the convention for revising the State Constitu- tion, in which he advocated an extension of the franchise, but opposed universal suf- frage, and also favored the proposal that colored persons, in order to vote, should have freehold property to the amount of $250. In this year he was also elected to the United States Senate, and at the con- clusion of his term, in 1827, was re-elected, but resigned the following year, having been chosen Governor of the State. In March, 1829, he was appointed Secretary oi ? 7 7/?^^ i^^fJu^^^c^ MARTIN VAN BUR EN. State by President Jackson, but resigned in April, 183 1, and during the recess of Congress was appointed minister to Eng- land, whither he proceeded in September, but the Senate, when convened in Decem- ber, refused to ratify the appointment. In May, 1832, Mr. Van Buren was nomi- nated as the Democratic candidate for Vice- President, and elected in the following November. May 26, 1836, he received the nomination to succeed General Jackson as President, and received 170 electoral votes, out of 283. Scarcely had he taken his seat in the Presidential chair when a financial panic swept over the land. Many attributed this to the war which General Jackson had waged on the banks, and to his endeavor to secure an almost exclusive specie currency. Nearly every bank in the country was com- pelled to suspend specie payment, and ruin pervaded all our great cities. Not less than 254 houses failed in New York in one week. All public works were brought to a stand, and there was a general state of dismay. President Van Buren urged the adoption of the independent treasury system, which was twice passed in the Senate and defeated in the House, but finally became a law near the close of his administration. Another important measure was the pass- age of a pre-emption law, giving actual set- tlers the preference in the purchase of public lands. The question of slavery, also, now began to assume great prominence in national politics, and after an elaborate anti-slavery speech by Mr. Slade, of Ver- mont, in the House of Representatives, the Southern members withdrew for a separate consultation, at which Mr. Rhett, of South Carolina, proposed to declare it expedient that the Union should be dissolved ; but the matter was tided over by the passage of a resolution that no petitions or papers relating to slavery should be in any way considered or acted upon. In the Presidential election of 1840 Mr. Van Buren was nominated, without opposi- tion, as the Democratic candidate, William H. Harrison being the candidate of the Whig party. The Democrats carried only seven States, and out of 294 electoral votes only sixty were for Mr. Van Buren, the re- maining 234 being for his opponent. The Whig popular majority, however, was not large, the elections in many of the States being very close. March 4, 1841, Mr. Van Buren retired from the Presidency. From his fine estate at Lindenwald he still exerted a powerful influence upon the politics of the country. In 1844 he was again proposed as the Democratic candidate for the Presidency, and a majority of the delegates of the nominating convention were in his favor ; but, owing to his opposition to the pro- posed annexation of Texas, he could not secure the requisite two-thirds vote. His name was at length withdrawn by his friends, and Mr. Polk received the nomina- tion, and was elected. In 1848 Mr. Cass was the regular Demo- cratic candidate. A schism, however, sprang up in the party, upon the question of the permission of slavery in the newly- acquired territory, and a portion of the party, taking the name of " Free-Soilers," nominated Mr. Van Buren. They drew away sufficient votes to secure the election of General Taylor, the Whig candidate. After this Mr. Van Buren retired to his es- tate at Kinderhook, where the remainder of his life was passed, with the exception of a European tour in 1853. He died at Kinderhook, July 24, 1862, at the age of eighty years. Martin Van Buren was a great and good man, and no one will question his right to a high position among those who have been the successors of Washington in the faithful occupancy of the Presidential chair. e6 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. iffr^£¥$J4ME^ Mfflfr^ f£^ffiffif^?^r&&^^& L n l Tn^&A^ f" WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON L I A M HENRY HARRISON, the ninth President of the United States, i 84 I, was born February 9, 1773, in Charles County, Berkeley, the resi- is father, Governor arrison. He studied Sidney College, h a view of entering the med- l profession. After graduation went to Philadelphia to study ;ine under the instruction of Dr. Rush. George Washington was then President jf the United States. The Indians were committing fearful ravages on our North- western frontier. Young Harrison, either lured by the love of adventure, or moved by the sufferings of families exposed to the most horrible outrages, abandoned his med- ical studies and entered the army, having obtained a commission of ensign from Pres- ident Washington. The first duty assigned him was to take a train of pack-horses bound to Fort Hamilton, on the Miami River, about forty miles from Fort Wash- ington. He was soon promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, and joined the army which Washington had placed under the command of General Wayne to prosecute more vigorously the war with the In- dians. Lieutenant Harrison received great commendation from his commanding offi- cer, and was promoted to the rank of Captain, and placed in command at Fort Washington, now Cincinnati, Ohio. About this time he married a daughter of John Cleves Symmes, one of the fron- tiersmen who had established a thriving settlement on the bank of the Maumee. In 1797 Captain Harrison resigned his commission in the army and was appointed Secretary of the Northwest Territory, and ex-officio Lieutenant-Governor, General St. Clair being then Governor of the Territory. At that time the law in reference to the disposal of the public lands was such that no one could purchase in tracts less than 4,000 acres. Captain Harrison, in the face of violent opposition, succeeded in obtaining so much of a modification of this unjust law that the land was sold in alternate tracts of 640 and 320 acres. The Northwest Territory vas then entitled to one delegate in Congress, and Cap- tain Harrison was chosen to fill that of- fice. In 1800 he was appointed Governor h fa frfrOs, WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. 59 of Indiana Territory and soon after of Upper Louisiana. He was also Superin- tendent of Indian Affairs, and so well did he fulfill these duties that he was four times appointed to this office. During his admin- istration he effected thirteen treaties with the Indians, by which the United States acquired 60,000,000 acres of land. In 1804 he obtained a cession from the Indians of all the land between the Illinois River and the Mississippi. In 1812 he was made Major-General of Kentucky militia and Brigadier-Genera! in the army, with the command of the Northwest frontier. In 1813 he was made Major-General, and as such won much re- nown by the defense of Fort Meigs, and the battle of the Thames, Octobers, 1813. In 1814 he left the army and was employed in Indian affairs by the Government. In 1816 General Harrison was chosen a member of the National House of Repre- sentatives to represent the district of Ohio. In the contest which preceded his election he was accused of corruption in respect to the commissariat of the army. Immedi- ately upon taking his seat, he called for an investigation of the charge. A committee was appointed, and his vindication was triumphant. A high compliment was paid to his patriotism, disinterestedness and devotion to the public service. For these services a gold medal was presented to him with the thanks of Congress. In 1 8 19 he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and in 1824, as one of the Presiden- tial electors of that State, he gave his vote to Henry Clay. In the same year he was elected to the Senate of the United States. In 1828 he was appointed by President Adams minister plenipotentiary to Colom- bia, but was recalled by General Jackson immediately after the inauguration of the latter. Upon his return to the United States, General Harrison retired to his farm at North Bend, Hamilton County, Ohio, six- teen miles below Cincinnati, where for twelve years he was clerk of the County Court. He once owned a distillery, but perceiving the sad effects of whisky upon the surrounding population, he promptly abandoned his business at great pecuniary sacrifice. In 1836 General Harrison was brought forward as a candidate for the Presidency. Van Buren was the administration candi- date; the opposite party could not unite, and four candidates were brought forward. General Harrison received seventy-three electoral votes without any general concert among his friends. The Democratic party triumphed and Mr. Van Buren was chosen President. In 1839 General Harrison was again nominated for the Presidency by the Whigs, at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Mr. Van Buren being the Democratic candi- date. General Harrison received 234 elec- toral votes against sixty for his opponent. This election is memorable chiefly for the then extraordinary means employed during the canvass for popular votes. Mass meet- ings and processions were introduced, and the watchwords " log cabin " and " hard cider " were effectually used by the Whigs, and aroused a popular enthusiasm. A vast concourse of people attended his inauguration. His address on that occasion was in accordance with his antecedents, and gave great satisfaction. A short time after he took his seat, he was seized by a pleurisy- fever, and after a few days of violent sick- ness, died April 4, just one short month after his inauguration. His death was universally regarded as one of the greatest of National calamities. Never, since the death of Washington, were there, throughout one land, such demonstrations of sorrow. Not one single spot can be found to sully his fame; and through all ages Americans will pronounce with love and reverence the name of William Henry Harrison. 6o PRESIDENTS OF THE UN /TED STATES. "*™ , 22H^HHHHja2E£HHSHHHH2;i£HH2HHHSl^^SSr~ ttf. OHN TYLER, the tenth President of the United States, was born in Charles City Count)-, Virginia, March 29, 1 790. His father, Judge John Tyler, possessed large landed estates in Virginia, and was one of the most distinguished men of his day, filling the offices of Speaker of the House of Delegates, Judge of the Su- preme Court and Governor of the State. At the early age of twelve young John .entered William and Mary College, and graduated with honor when but seventeen years old. He then closely applied himself to the study of law, and at nineteen years of age commenced the prac- tice of his profession. When only twenty- one he was elected to a seat in the State Legislature. He acted with the Demo- cratic party and advocated the measures of Jefferson and Madison. For five years he was elected to the Legislature, receiving nearly the unanimous vote of his county. When but twenty-six years of age he was elected a member of Congress. He advo- cated a strict construction of the Constitu- tion and the most careful vigilance over State rights. He was soon compelled to resign his seat in Congress, owing to ill health, but afterward took his seat in the State Legislature, where he exerted a powerful influence in promoting public works of great utility. In 1825 Mr. Tyler was chosen Governor of his State — a high honor, for Virginia had many able men as competitors for the prize. His administration was signally a successful one. He urged forward inter- nal improvements and strove to remove sectional jealousies. His popularity secured his re-election. In 1827 he was elected United States Senator, and upon taking his seat joined the ranks of the opposition. He opposed the tariff, voted against the bank as unconstitutional, opposed all restrictions upon slavery, resisted all projects of inter- nal improvements by the General Govern- ment, avowed his sympathy with Mr. Cal- houn's views of nullification, and declared that General Jackson, by his opposition to the nullifiers, had abandoned the principles of the Democratic party. Such was Mr. Tyler's record in Congress. This hostility to Jackson caused Mr. Tyler's retirement from the Senate, after his election to a second term. He soon after removed to Williamsburg for the better education of his children, and again took his seat in the Legislature. \j (rnsri JOHN TYLER. 63 In 1839 he was sent to the National Con- vention at Harrisburg to nominate a Presi- dent. General Harrison received a majority of votes, much to the disappointment of the South, who had wished for Henry Clay. In order to conciliate the Southern Whigs, John Tyler was nominated for Vice-Presi- dent. Harrison and Tyler were inaugu- rated March 4, 1841. In one short month from that time President Harrison died, and Mr. Tyler, to his own surprise as well as that of the nation, found himself an occupant of the Presidential chair. His position was an exceedingly difficult one, as he was opposed to the main principles of the party which had brought him into power. General Harrison had selected a Whig cabinet Should he retain them, and thus surround himself with councilors whose views were antagonistic to his own? or should he turn against the party that had elected him, and select a cabinet in harmony with himself? This was his fear- ful dilemma. President Tyler deserves more charity than he has received. He issued an address to the people, which gave general satisfac- tion. He retained the cabinet General Harrison had selected. His veto of a bill chartering a new national bank led to an open quarrel with the party which elected him, and to a resignation of the entire cabinet, except Daniel Webster, Secretary of State. President Tyler attempted to conciliate. He appointed a new cabinet, leaving out all strong party men, but the Whig members of Congress were not satisfied, and they published a manifesto September 13, break- ing off all political relations. The Demo- crats had a majority in the House ; the Whigs in the Senate. Mr. Webster soon found it necessary to resign, being forced out by the pressure of his Whig friends. April 12, 1844, President Tyler concluded, Through Mr. Calhoun, a treaty for the an- nexation of Texas, which was rejected by the Senate ; but he effected his object in the closing days of his administration by the passage of the joint resolution of March 1 1845. He was nominated for the Presidency by an informal Democratic Convention, held at Baltimore in May, 1844, but soon with- drew from the canvass, perceiving that he had not gained the confidence of the Demo- crats at large. Mr. Tyler's administration was particu- larly unfortunate. No one was satisfied. Whigs and Democrats alike assailed him. Situated as he was, it is more than can be expected of human nature that he should, in all cases, have acted in the wisest manner ; but it will probably be the verdict of all candid men, in a careful review of his career, that John Tyler was placed in a position of such difficulty that he could not pursue an}' course which would not expose him to severe censure and denunciation. In 1813 Mr. Tyler married Lctitia Chris- tian, who bore him three sons and three daughters, and died in Washington in 1842. June 26, 1844, he contracted a second mar- riage with Miss Julia Gardner, of New York. He lived in almost complete retire- ment from politics until February, 1861, when he was a member of the abortive " peace convention," held at Washington, and was chosen its President. Soon after he renounced his allegiance to the United States and was elected to the Confederate Congress. He died at Richmond, January 17, 1862, after a short illness. Unfortunately for his memory the name of John Tyler must forever be associated with all the misery of that terrible Re- bellion, whose cause he openly espoused. It is with sorrow that history records that a President of the United States died while defending the flag of rebellion, which was arrayed against the national banner in deadly warfare. 64 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. AMES KNOX POLK, the eleventh President of t%w» the United States, 1845- '49, was born in Meck- lenburg County, North Carolina, November 2, 1795. He was the eldest son of a family of six sons and four daughters, and was a grand-nephew of Colonel Thomas Polk, celebrated in connection with the Meck- lenburg Declaration of In- dependence. In 1806 his father, Samuel ♦Polk, emigrated with his fam- ily two or three hundred miles west to the valley of the Duck River. He was a sur- veyor as well as farmer, and gradually in- creased in wealth until he became one of the leading men of the region. In the common schools James rapidly be- came proficient in all the common branches of an English education. In 1813 he was sent to Murfreesboro Academy, and in the autumn of 181 5 entered the sophomore class in the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, graduating in 1818. After a short season of recreation he went to Nash- ville and entered the law office of Felix Grundy. As soon as he had his finished i legal studies and been admitted to the bar, he returned to Columbia, the shire town of Maury County, and opened an office. James K. Polk ever adhered to the polit- ical faith of his father, which was that of a Jeffersonian Republican. In 1823 he was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. As a " strict constructionist," he did not think that the Constitution empowered the Gen- eral Government to carry on a system of internal improvements in the States, but deemed it important that it should have that power, and wished the Constitution amended that it might be conferred. Sub- sequently, however, he became alarmed lest the General Government become so strong as to undertake to interfere with slavery. He therefore gave all his influence to strengthen the State governments, and to check the growth of the central power. In January, 1824, Mr. Polk married Miss Mary Childress, of Rutherford County, Ten- nessee. Had some one then whispered to him that he was destined to become Presi- dent of the United States, and that he must select for his companion one who would adorn that distinguished station, he could not have made a more fitting choice. She was truly a lady of rare beauty and culture. In the fall of 1825 Mr. Polk was chosen a member of Congress, and was continu- ^t^'^'^^i^'j^^^^m* §j c^^H^^,h:.A\,^,''yyj IhJBFfiM&Ebl&SM V^sjZsSMMMMMM^^f $k w ACHARY TAY- LOR, the twelfth President of the United States, i84Q-'5o, was born in Orange County, Virginia, Septem- ber 24, 1784. His father, Richard Taylor, was Colo- nel of a Virginia regiment in the Revolutionary war, and removed to Kentucky in 1785 ; purchased a large plantation near Louisville and became an influential cit- izen ; was a member of the convention that framed the Constitution of Kentucky; served in both branches of the Legislature ; was Collector of the port of Louisville under President Washington ; as a Presidential elector, voted for Jefferson, Madison, Mon- roe and Clay; died January 19,1829. Zachary remained on his father's planta- tion until 1 80S, in which year (May 3) he was appointed First Lieutenant in the Seventh Infantry, to fill a vacancy oc- casioned by the death of his elder brother, Hancock. Up to this point he had received but a limited education. Joining his regiment at New Orleans, he was attacked with yellow fever, with nearly fatal termination. In November, 1810, he was promoted to Captain, and in the sum- mer of 1812 he was in command of Fort Harrison, on the left bank of the Wabash River, near the present site of Terre Haute, his successful defense of which with but a handful of men against a large force of Indians which had attacked him was one of the first marked military achievements of the war. He was then brevetted Major, and in 1814 promoted to the full rank. During the remainder of the war Taylor was actively employed on the Western frontier. In the peace organization of 1815 he was retained as Captain, but soon after resigned and settled near Louisville. In May, 1 8 16, however, he re-entered the army as Major of the Third Infantry ; became Lieutenant-Colonel of the Eighth Infantry in 1 8 19, and in 1832 attained the Colonelcy of the First Infantry, of which he had beeri Lieutenant-Colonel since 1821. On different occasions he had been called to Washington as member of a military board for organiz- ing the militia of the Union, and to aid the Government with his knowledge in the organization of the Indian Bureau, having for many years discharged the duties of Indian agent over large tracts of Western ~7.CL& <5ty ZA CHA RT TAT LOR. country. He served through the Black Hawk war in 1832. and in 1837 was ordered to take command in Florida, then the scene of war with the Indians. In 1846 he was transferred to the com- mand of the Army of the Southwest, from which he was relieved the same year at his own request. Subsequently he was sta- tioned on the Arkansas frontier at Forts Gibbon, Smith and Jesup, which latter work nad been built under his direction in 1822. May 28, 1845, he received a dispatch from the Secretary of War informing him of the receipt of information by the President " that Texas would shortly accede to the terms of annexation," in which event he was instructed to defend and protect her from " foreign invasion and Indian incur- sions." He proceeded, upon the annexation of Texas, with about 1,500 men to Corpus Chnsti, where his force was increased to some 4,000. Taylor was brevetted Major-General May 28, and a month later, June 29, 1846, his full commission to that grade was issued. After needed rest and reinforcement, he advanced in September on Monterey, which city ca- pitulated after three-days stubborn resist- ance. Here he took up his winter quarters. The plan for the invasion of Mexico, by way of Vera Cruz, with General Scott in command, was now determined upon by the Govenrment, and at the moment Taylor was about to resume active operations, he received orders to send the larger part of his force to reinforce the army of General Scott at Vera Cruz. Though subsequently reinforced by raw recruits, yet after pro- viding a garrison for Monterey and Saltillo he had but about 5,300 effective troops, of which but 500 or 600 were regulars. In this weakened condition, however, he was destined to achieve his greatest victory. Confidently relying upon his strength at Vera Cruz to resist the enemy for a long time, Santa Anna directed his entire army against Taylor to overwhelm him, and then to return to oppose the advance of Scott's more formidable invasion. The battle of Buena Vista was fought February 22 and 23, 1847. Taylor received the thanks of Congress and a gold medal, and " Old Rough and Ready," the sobriquet given him in the army, became a household word. He remained in quiet possession of the Rio Grande Valley until November, when he returned to the United States. In the Whig convention which met at Philadelphia, June 7, 1848, Taylor was nomi- nated on the fourth ballot as candidate ji the Whig party for President, over Henry Clay, General Scott and Daniel Webster. In November Taylor received a majority of electoral votes, and a popular vote of 1,360,752, against 1,219,962 for Cass and Butler, and 291,342 for Van Buren and Adams. General Taylor was inaugurated March 4, 1849. The free and slave States being then equal in number, the struggle for supremacy on the part of the leaders in Congress was violent and bitter. In the summer of 1849 California adopted in convention a Consti- tution prohibiting slavery within its borders. Taylor advocated the immediate admission of California with her Constitution, and the postponement of the question as to the other Territories until they could hold conven- tions and decide for themselves whether slavery should exist within their borders. This policy ultimately prevailed through the celebrated " Compromise Measures" of Henry Clay ; but not during the life of the brave soldier and patriot statesman. July 5 he was taken suddenly ill with a bilious fever, which proved fatal, his death occur- ring July 9, 1850. One of his daughters married Colonel W. W. S. Bliss, his Adju- tant-General and Chief of Staff in Florida and Mexico, and Private Secretary during his Presidency. Another daughter was married to Jefferson Davis. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 9 ^ *yp "^WJWM!wyj i- ILLARD FILL- MORE, the thir- ;^Q:,' teenth President of the United States, i850-'3, was born in Summer Hill, Cayuga County, New York, Janu- ary 7, 1800. He was of New England ancestry, and his educational advantages were limited. He early learned the clothiers' trade, but spent all his leisure time in study. At nineteen years of age he was induced by Judge Walter Wood to abandon his trade and commence the study of law. Upon learning that the young man was entirely destitute of means, he took him into his own office and loaned him such money as he needed. That he might not be heavily burdened with debt, young Fillmore taught school during the winter months, and in various other ways helped himself along. At the age of twenty-three he was ad- mitted to the Court of Common Pleas, and commenced the practice of his profession in the village of Aurora, situated on the eastern bank of the Cayuga Lake. In 1825 he married Miss Abigail Powers, daughter of Rev. Lemuel Powers, a lady of great moral worth. In 1825 he took his seat in the House of Assembly of his native State, as Representative from Erie County, whither he had recently moved. Though he had never taken a very active part in politics his vote and his sym- pathies were with the Whig party. The State was then Democratic, but his cour- tesy, ability and integrity won the respect of his associates. In 1832 he was elected to a seat in the United States Congress. At the close of his term he returned to his law practice, and in two years more he was again elected to Congress. He now began to have a national reputa- tion. His labors were very arduous. To draft resolutions in the committee room, and then to defend them against the most skillful opponents on the floor of the House requires readiness of mind, mental resources and skill in debate such as few possess. Weary with these exhausting labors, and pressed by the claims of his private affairs, Mr. Fillmore wrote a letter to his constitu- ents and declined to be a candidate for re- election. Notwithstanding this cemmuni- OX^/^i^^? jC^u^c-cru) MILLARD FILLMORE. 75 cation his friends met in convention and renominated him by acclamation. Though gratified by this proof of their appreciation of his labors he adhered to his resolve and returned to his home. In 1847 Mr. Fillmore was elected to the important office of comptroller of the State. In entering upon the very responsible duties which this situation demanded, it was nec- essary for him to abandon his profession, and he removed to the city of Albany. In this year, also, the Whigs were looking around to find suitable candidates for the President and Vice-President at the ap- proaching election, and the names of Zach- ary Taylor and Millard Fillmore became the rallying cry of the Whigs. On the 4th of March, 1849, General Taylor was inaug- urated President and Millard Fillmore Vice-President of the United States. The great question of slavery had as- sumed enormous proportions, and perme- ated every subject that was brought before Congress. It was evident that the strength of our institutions was to be severely tried. July 9, 1850, President Taylor died, and, by the Constitution, Vice-President Fillmore became President of the United States. The agitated condition of the country brought questions of great delicacy before him. He was bound by his oath of office to execute the laws of the United States. One of these laws was understood to be, that if a slave, escaping from bondage, should reach a free State, the United States was bound to do its utmost to capture him and return him to his master. Most Chris- tian men loathed this law. President Fill- more felt bound by his oath rigidly to see it enforced. Slavery was organizing armies to invade Cuba as it had invaded Texas, and annex it to the United States. Presi- dent Fillmore gave all the influence of his exalted station against the atrocious enter- prise. Mr. Fillmore had serious difficulties to contend with, since the opposition had a majority in both Houses. He did every- thing in his power to conciliate the South, but the pro-slavery party in that section felt the inadequency of all measures of tran- sient conciliation. The population of the free States was so rapidly increasing over that of the slave States, that it was inevita- ble that the power of the Government should soon pass into the hands of the free States. The famous compromise measures were adopted under Mr. Fillmore's admin- istration, and the Japan expedition was sent out. March 4, 1853, having served one term, President Fillmore retired from office. He then took a long tour through the South, where he met with quite an enthusiastic reception. In a speech at Vicksburg, al- luding to the rapid growth of the country, he said: " Canada is knocking for admission, and Mexico would be glad to come in, and without saying whether it would be right or wrong, we stand with open arms to re- ceive them; for it is the manifest destiny of this Government to embrace the whole North American Continent." In 1855 Mr. Fillmore went to Europe where he was received with those marked attentions which his position and character merited. Returning to this country in 1856 he was nominated for the Presidency by the "Know-Nothing" party. Mr. Bu- chanan, the Democratic candidate was the successful competitor. Mr. Fillmore ever afterward lived in retirement. Dur- ing the conflict of civil war he was mostly silent. It was generally supposed, how- ever, that his sympathy was with the South- ern Confederacy. He kept aloof from the conflict without any words of cheer to the one party or the other. For this reason he was forgotten by both. He died of paralysis, in Buffalo, New York, March 8, 1874. 76 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. -T^X£JW^~ F-34 Tf RANKLIN PIERCE, the fourteenth Presi- dent of the United States, was born in Hillsborough, New Hampshire, Novem- ber 23, 1804. His father, Governor Benjamin Pierce, was a Rev- olutionary soldier, a man of rigid integrity ; was for sev- eral years in the State Legis- lature, a member of the Gov- ernor's council and a General of the militia. Franklin was the sixth of eight children. As a boy he listened eagerly to the argu- ments of his father, enforced by strong and ready utterance and earnest gesture. It was in the days of intense political excite- ment, when, all over the New England States, Federalists and Democrats were ar- rayed so fiercely against each other. In 1820 he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Maine, and graduated in 1824, and commenced the study of law in the office of Judge Woodbury, a very distin- guished lawyer, and in 1827 was admitted to the bar. He practiced with great success in Hillsborough and Concord, He served in the State Legislature four years, the last two of which he was chosen Speaker of the House by a very large vote. In 1833 he was elected a member of Con- gress. In 1837 he was elected to the United States Senate, just as Mr. Van Buren com- menced his administration. In 1834 he married Miss Jane Means Appleton, a lady admirably fitted to adorn every station with which her husband was honored. Three sons born to them all found an early grave. Upon his accession to office, President Polk appointed Mr. Pierce Attorney-Gen- eral of the United States, but the offer was declined in consequence of numerous pro- fessional engagements at home and the precarious state of Mrs. Pierce's health. About the same time he also declined the nomination for Governor by the Demo- cratic party. The war with Mexico called Mr. Pierce into the army. Receiving the appointment of Brigadier-General, he embarked with a portion of his troops at Newport, Rhode Island, May 27, 1847. He served during this war, and distinguished himself by his bravery, skill and excellent judgment. When he reached his home in his native State he was enthusiastically received by FRANKLIN PIERCE. the advocates of the war, and coldly by its opponents. He resumed the practice of his profession, frequently taking an active part in political questions, and giving his sup- port to the pro-slavery wing of the Demo- cratic party. June 12, 1852, the Democratic convention met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. For four days they continued in session, and in thirty-five bal- lotings no one had received the requisite two-thirds vote. Not a vote had been thrown thus far for General Pierce. Then the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. There were fourteen more bal- lotings, during which General Pierce gained strength, until, at the forty-ninth ballot, he received 282 votes, and all other candidates eleven. General Winfield Scott was the Whig candidate. General Pierce was elected with great unanimity. Only four States — Vermont, Massachusetts, Ken- tuck}' and Tennessee — cast their electoral votes against him. March 4, 1853, he was inaugurated President of the United States, and William R. King, Vice-President. President Pierce's cabinet consisted of William S. Marcy, James Guthrie, Jefferson Davis, James C. Dobbin, Robert McClel- land, James Campbell and Caleb dishing. At the demand of slavery the Missouri Compromise was repealed, and all the Ter- ritories of the Union were thrown open to slavery. The Territory of Kansas, west of Missouri, was settled by emigrants mainly from the North. According to law, they were about to meet and decide whether slavery or freedom should be the law of that realm. Slavery in Missouri and .other Southern States rallied her armed legions, marched them into Kansas, took possession of the polls, drove away the citizens, deposited their own votes by handfuls, went through the farce of count- ing them, and then declared that, by an overwhelming majority, slavery was estab- lished in Kansas. These facts nobody denied, and yet President Pierce's adminis- tration felt bound to respect the decision obtained by such votes. The citizens of Kansas, the majority of whom were free- State men, met in convention and adopted the following resolve : "Resolved, That the body of men who, for the past two months, have been passing laws for the people of our Territory, moved, counseled and dictated to by the demagogues of other States, are to us a foreign body, representing only the lawless invaders who elected them, and not the people of this Territory ; that we repudiate their action as the monstrous consummation of an act of violence, usurpation and fraud unparalleled in the history of the Union." The free-State people of Kansas also sent a petition to the General Government, im- ploring its protection. In reply the Presi- dent issued a proclamation, declaring that Legislature thus created must be recog- nized as the legitimate Legislature of Kan- sas, and that its laws were binding upon the people, and that, if necessary, the whole- force of the Governmental arm would be put forth to inforce those laws. James Buchanan succeeded him in the Presidency, and, March 4, 1857, President Pierce retired to his home in Concord, New Hampshire. When the Rebellion burst forth Mr. Pierce remained steadfast to the principles he had always cherished, and gave his sympathies to the pro-slavery party, with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hands of the National Government. He resided in Concord until his death, which occurred in October, 1869. He was one of the most genial and social of men, generous to a fault, and contributed liberally of his moderate means for the alleviation of suf- fering and want. He was an honored communicant of the Episcopal church. so PltES/DENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. -■'..^■■•^'^'^'.■-'■'.■^■.■^■^'^ b^ffi^({^ t ^t*^t t ^( t ^t < B»(^^*^J JRBBjgBgPTbaW^kajBigESEBSBgSBySggg^ E @?& *<%?tZ&&#&z>c\}^Jt%>$a vk^^:>x^\K^K^:^;s AMES BUCHANAN, the fifteenth President of the United States, 1 857— '61 , was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, f. : April 23, 1791. The place where his father's cabin stood was called Stony Batter, and it was situated in a wild, romantic spot, in a gorge of mount- ains, with towering sum- mits rising all around. He was of Irish ancestry, his father having emigrated in- I/83, with very little prop- his own strong arms. James remained in his secluded home for eight years enjoying very few social or intellectual advantages. His parents were industrious, frugal, prosperous and intelli- gent. In 1799 his father removed to Mer- cersburg, where James was placed in school and commenced a course in English, Greek and Latin. His progress was rapid and in 1801 he entered Dickinson College at Carlisle. Here he took his stand among the first scholars in the institution, and was able to master the most abstruse subjects with facility. In 1809 he graduated with the highest honors in his class. He was then eighteen years of age, tall, erty, save graceful and in vigorous health, fond ol athletic sports, an unerring shot and en- livened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of law in the city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He rose very rapidly in his profession and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest law- yers of the State. When but twenty-six years of age, unaided by counsel, be suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate one of the Judges of the State, who was tried upon articles of impeachment. At the age of thirty it was generally admitted that he stood at the head of the bar, and there was no lawyer in the State who had a more extensive or lucrative practice. In 1812, just after Mr. Buchanan had entered upon the practice of the law, our second war with England occurred. With all his powers he sustained the Govern- ment, eloquently urging the rigorous pros- ecution of the war; and even enlisting as a private soldier to assist in repelling the British, who had sacked Washington and were threatening Baltimore. He was at that time a Federalist, but when the Con- stitution was adopted by both parties, Jefferson truly said, " We are all Federal- ists; we are all Republicans." The opposition of the Federalists to the war with England, and the alien and sedi- g *5^" : ^ ■ ''j^ii iljiliii ' "^ , p5> l zZ-s/z^j yz^£c JAMES BUCHANAN. °/t tion laws of John Adams, brought the party into dispute, and the name of Federalist became a reproach. Mr. Buchanan almost immediately upon entering Congress began to incline more and more to the Repub- licans. In the stormy Presidential election of 1824, in which Jackson, Clay, Crawford and John Quincy Adams were candidates, Mr. Buchanan espoused the cause of Gen- eral Jackson and unrelentingly opposed the administration of Mr. Adams. Upon his elevation to the Presidency, General Jackson appointed Mr. Buchanan, minister to Russia. Upon his return in 1833 he was elected to a seat in the United States Senate. He there met as his associates, Webster, Clay, Wright and Calhoun. He advocated the measures proposed by Presi- dent Jackson of making reprisals against France, and defended the course of the Pres- ident in his unprecedented and wholesale removals from office of those who were not the supporters of his administration. Upon this question he was brought into direct col- lision with Henry Clay. In the discussion of the question respecting the admission of Michigan and Arkansas into the Union, Mr. Buchanan defined his position by saying: " The older I grow, the more I am in- clined to be what is called a State-rights man." M. de Tocqueville, in his renowned work upon " Democracy in America," foresaw the trouble which was inevitable from the doctrine of State sovereignty as held by Calhoun and Buchanan. He was con- vinced that the National Government was losing that strength which was essential to its own existence, and that the States were assuming powers which threatened the perpetuity of the Union. Mr. Buchanan received the book in the Senate and de- clared the fears of De Tocqueville to be groundless, and yet he lived to sit in the Presidential chair and see State after State, in accordance with his own views of State rights, breaking from the Union, thus crumbling our Republic into ruins; while the unhappy old man folded his arms in despair, declaring that the National Consti- tution invested him with no power to arrest the destruction. Upon Mr. Polk's accession to the Presi- dency, Mr. Buchanan became Secretary of State, and as such took his share of the responsibility in the conduct of the Mexi- can war. At the close of Mr. Polk's ad- ministration, Mr. Buchanan retired to pri- vate life; but his intelligence, and his great ability as a statesman, enabled him to exert a powerful influence in National affairs. Mr. Pierce, upon his election to the Presidency, honored Mr. Buchanan with the mission to England. In the year 1856 the National Democratic convention nomi- nated Mr. Buchanan for the Presidency. The political conflict was one of the most severe in which our country has ever en- gaged. On the 4th of March, 1857, Mr. Buchanan was inaugurated President. His cabinet were Lewis Cass, Howell Cobb, J. B. Floyd, Isaac Toucey, Jacob Thomp- son, A. V. Brown and J. S. Black. The disruption of the Democratic party, in consequence of the manner in which the issue of the nationality of slavery was pressed by the Southern wing, occurred at the National convention, held at Charleston in April, i860, for the nomination of Mr. Buchanan's successor, when the majority of Southern delegates withdrew upon the passage of a resolution declaring that the constitutional status of slavery should be determined by the Supreme Court. In the next Presidential canvass Abra- ham Lincoln was nominated by the oppo- nents of Mr. Buchanan's administration. Mr. Buchanan remained in Washington lon^ enough to see his successor installed and then retired to his home in Wheatland. He died June 1, 1868, aged seventy -seven years. »4 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. j- til -j^ gfrL .--^-— ^>_-k-©Bl c -^-i'S' > -^^® -l-_j fe •d 1 _efc_. ^__# -I- cfe «»» - 'V? - — - •'iS-p! li fiBBHH mm immomm li§*- .j-.j^.j — Wip, -fr- ~^~ BRAHAM LIN- COLN, the sixteenth President of the United States, i86i-'5, was born February 12, 1809, in Larue (then Hardin) Count}-, Kentucky, in a cabin on Nolan Creek, three miles west of Hudgensville. H i s parents w ere Thomas and Nancy (Hanks) Lincoln. Of his an- cestry and early years the little that is known may best be given in his own language : " My parents were both born in Virginia, of un- distinguished families — second families, per- haps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks, some of whom now remain in Adams, and others in Macon County, Illinois. My paternal grandfather, Abra- ham Lincoln, emigrated from Rockbridge County, Virginia, to Kentucky in 1781 or 1782, where, a year or two later, he was killed by Indians — not in battle, but by stealth, when he was laboring to open a farm in the forest. His ancestors, who were Quakers, went to Virginia from Berks County, Pennsylvania. An effort to iden- tify them with the New England family of the same name ended in nothing more defi- nite than a similarity of Christian names in both families, such as Enoch, Levi, Mor- decai, Solomon, Abraham and the like. My father, at the death of his father, was but six years of age, and he grew up, liter- ally, without education. He removed from Kentucky to what is now Spencer County, Indiana, in my eighth year. We reached our new home about the time the State came into the Union. It was a wild region, with bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew to manhood. " There were some schools, so called, but no qualification was ever required of a teacher beyond ' readin', writin', and cipher- in' to the rule of three.' If a straggler, sup- posed to understand Latin, happened to sojourn in the neighborhood, he was looked upon as a wizard. There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education. Oi course, when 1 came of age I did not know much. Still, somehow, I could read, write and cipher to the rule of three, and that was all. I have not been to school since. The little advance I now have upon this store of education I have picked up from time to time under the pressure of necessity. I was raised to farm-work, which u~- i<'|» ^LYSSES SIMPSON GRANT, the eight- eenth President of the United States, i869-'77, was born April 27, 1822, at Point Pleasant, f: Clermont County, Ohio. His father was of Scotch descent, and a dealer in leather. At the age of seventeen he en- tered the Military Academy at West Point, and four years later graduated twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine, receiving the commission of Brevet Second Lieutenant. He was assigned to the Fourth Infantry and re- mained in the army eleven years. He was engaged in every battle of the Mexican war except that of Buena Vista, and received two brevets for gallantry. In 1848 Mr. Grant married Julia, daughter of Frederick Dent, a prominent merchant of St. Louis, and in 1854, having reached the grade of Captain, he resigned his commis- sion in the army. For several years he fol- lowed farming near St. Louis, but unsuc- cessfully ; and in i860 he entered the leather trade with his father at Galena, Illinois. When the civil war broke out in 1861, Grant was thirty-nine years of age, but en- tirely unknown to public men and without any personal acquaintance with great affairs. President Lincoln's first call for troops was made on the 15th of April, and on the 19th Grant was drilling a company of volunteers at Galena. He also offered his services to the Adjutant-General of the army, but re- ceived no reply. The Governor of Illinois, however, employed him in the organization of volunteer troops, and at the end of five weeks he was appointed Colonel of the Twenty-first Infantry. He took command of his regiment in June, and reported first to General Pope in Missouri. His superior knowledge of military life rather surprised his superior officers, who had never before even heard of him, and they were thus led to place him on the road to rapid advance- ment. August 7 he was commissioned a Brigadier-General of volunteers, the ap- pointment having been made without his knowledge. He had been unanimously recommended by the Congressmen from Illinois, not one of whom had been his personal acquaintance. For a few weeks he was occupied in watching the move- ments of partisan forces in Missouri. September 1 he was placed in command of the District of Southeast Missouri, with headquarters at Cairo, and on the 6th, with- out orders, he seized Paducah, at the mouth of the Tennessee River, and commanding the navigation both of that stream and of 'T- XT ULTSSES S. GRANT. 99 the Ohio. This stroke secured Kentucky to the Union ; for the State Legislature, which had until then affected to be neutral, at once declared in favor of the Govern- ment. In November following, according to orders, he made a demonstration about eighteen miles below Cairo, preventing the crossing of hostile troops into Missouri ; but in order to accomplish this purpose he had to do some fighting, and that, too, with only 3,000 raw recruits, against 7,000 Con- federates. Grant carried off two pieces of artillery and 200 prisoners. After repeated applications to General Halleck, his immediate superior, he was allowed, in February, 1862, to move up the Tennessee River against Fort Henry, in conjunction with a naval force. The gun- boats silenced the fort, and Grant immedi- ately made preparations to attack Fort Donelson, about twelve miles distant, on the Cumberland River. Without waiting for orders he moved his troops there, and with 15,000 men began the siege. The fort, garrisoned with 21,000 men, was a strong one, but after hard fighting on three successive days Grant forced an " Uncon- ditional Surrender" (an alliteration upon the initials of his name). The prize he capt- ured consisted of sixty -five cannon, 17,600 small arms and 14,623 soldiers. About 4,- 000 of the garrison had escaped in the night, and 2,500 were killed or wounded. Grant's entire loss was less than 2,000. This was the first important success won by the national troops during the war, and its strategic re- sults were marked, as the entire States of Kentucky and Tennessee at once fell into the National hands. Our hero was made a Major-General of Volunteers and placed in command of the District of West Ten- nessee. In March, 1862, he was ordered to move up the Tennessee River toward Corinth, where the Confederates were concentrat- ing a large army ; but he was directed not to attack. His forces, now numbering 38.- 000, were accordingly encamped near Shi- loh, or Pittsburg Landing, to await the arrival of General Buell with 40,000 more; but April 6 the Confederates came out from Corinth 50,000 strong and attacked Grant violently, hoping to overwhelm him before Buell could arrive ; 5,000 of his troops were beyond supporting distance, so that he was largely outnumbered and forced back to the river, where, however, he held out until dark, when the head of Buell's column came upon the field. The next day the Confederates were driven back to Corinth, nineteen miles. The loss was heavy on both sides ; Grant, being senior in rank to Buell, commanded on both days. Two days afterward Halleck arrived at the front and assumed command of the army, Grant remaining at the head of the right wing and the reserve. On May 30 Corinth was evacuated by the Confederates. In July Halleck was made General-in-Chief, and Grant succeeded him in command of the Department of the Tennessee. September 19 the battle of Iuka was fought, where, owing to Rosecrans's fault, only an incom- plete victory was obtained. Next, Grant, with 30,000 men, moved down into Mississippi and threatened Vicks- burg, while Sherman, with 40,000 men, was sent by way of the river to attack that place in front ; but, owing to Colonel Murphy's surrendering Holly Springs to the Con- federates, Grant was so weakened that he had to retire to Corinth, and then Sherman failed to sustain his intended attack. In January, 1863, General Grant took command in person of all the troops in the Mississippi Valley, and spent several months in fruitless attempts to compel the surrender or evacuation of Vicksburg; but July 4, following, the place surrendered, with 31,- 600 men and 172 cannon, and the Mississippi River thus fell permanently into the hands of the Government. Grant was made a PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Major-General in the regular army, and in October following he was placed in com- mand of the Division of the Mississippi. The same month he went to Chattanooga and saved the Army of the Cumberland from starvation, and drove Bragg from that part of the country. This victory over- threw the last important hostile force west of the Alleghanies and opened the way for the National armies into Georgia and Sher- man's march to the sea. The remarkable series of successes which Grant had now achieved pointed him out as the appropriate leader of the National armies, and accordingly, in February, 1864, the rank of Lieutenant-General was created for him by Congress, and on March 17 he assumed command of the armies of the United States. Planning the grand final campaign, he sent Sherman into Georgia, Sigel into the valley of Virginia, and Butler to capture Richmond, while he fought his own way from the Rapidan to the James. The costly but victorious battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna and Cold Harbor were fought, more for the purpose of annihilating Lee than to capture any particular point. In June, 1864, the siege of Richmond was begun. Sherman, meanwhile, was marching and fighting daily in Georgia and steadily advancing toward Atlanta; but Sigel had been defeated in the valley of Virginia, and was superseded by Hunter. Lee sent Early to threaten the Na- tional capital ; whereupon Grant gathered up a force which he placed under Sheridan, and that commander rapidly drove Early, in a succession of battles, through the valley of Virginia and destroyed his army as an organized force. The siege of Richmond went on, and Grant made numerous attacks, but was only partially successful. The people of the North grew impatient, and even the Government advised him to abandon the attempt to take Richmond or crush the Confederacy in that way; but he never wavered. He resolved to " fight it out on that line, if it took all summer." By September Sherman had made his way to Atlanta, and Grant then sent him on his famous " march to the sea," a route which the chief had designed six months before. He made Sherman's success possi- ble, not only by holding Lee in front of Richmond, but also by sending reinforce- ments to Thomas, who then drew off and defeated the only army which could have confronted Sherman. Thus the latter was left unopposed, and, with Thomas and Sheri- dan, was used in the furtherance of Grant's plans. Each executed his part in the great design and contributed his share to the re- sult at which Grant was aiming. Sherman finally reached Savannah, Schofield beat the enemy at Franklin, Thomas at Nash- ville, and Sheridan wherever he met him ; and all this while General Grant was hold- ing Lee, with the principal Confederate army, near Richmond, as it were chained and helpless. Then Schofield was brought from the West, and Fort Fisher and Wil- mington were captured on the sea-coast, so as to afford him a foothold ; from here he was sent into the interior of North Caro- lina, and Sherman was ordered to move northward to join him. When all this was effected, and Sheridan could find no one else to fight in the Shenandoah Valley, Grant brought the cavalry leader to the front of Richmond, and, making a last effort, drove Lee from his entrenchments and captured Richmond. At the beginning of the final campaign Lee had collected 73,000 fighting men in the lines at Richmond, besides the local militia and the gunboat crews, amounting to 5,000 more. Including Sheridan's force Grant had 1 10,000 men in the works before Petersburg and Richmond. Petersburg fell on the 2d of April, and Richmond on the 3d, and Lee fled in the direction of Lynch- burg. Grant pursued with remorseless ULTSSES S. GRANT. energy, only stopping to strike fresh blows, and Lee at last found himself not only out- fought but also out-marched and out-gen- eraled. Being completely surrounded, he surrendered on the 9th of April, 1865, at Appomattox Court-House, in the open field, with 27,000 men, all that remained of his army. This act virtually ended the war. Thus, in ten days Grant had captured Petersburg and Richmond, fought, by his subordinates, the battles of Five Forks and Sailor's Creek, besides numerous smaller ones, captured 20,000 men in actual battle, and received the surrender of 27,000 more at Appomattox, absolutely annihilating an army of 70,000 soldiers. General Grant returned at once to Wash- ington to superintend the disbandment of the armies, but this pleasurable work was scarcely begun when President Lincoln was assassinated. It had doubtless been in- tended to inflict the same fate upon Grant ; but he, fortunately, on account of leaving Washington early in the evening, declined an invitation to accompany the President to the theater where the murder was com- mitted. This event made Andrew Johnson President, but left Grant by far the most conspicuous figure in the public life of the country. He became the object of an en- thusiasm greater than had ever been known in America. Every possible honor was heaped upon him; the grade of General was created for him by Congress; houses were presented to him by citizens ; towns were illuminated on his entrance into them ; and, to cap the climax, when he made his tour around the world, "all nations did him honor" as they had never before honored a foreigner. The General, as Commander-in-Chief, was placed in an embarrassing position by the opposition of President Johnson to the measures of Congress ; but he directly man- ifested his characteristic loyalty by obeying Congress rather than the disaffected Presi- dent, although for a short time he had served in his cabinet as Secretary of War. Of course, everybody thought of General Grant as the next President of the United States, and he was accordingly elected as such in 1868 "by a large majority," and four years later re-elected by a much larger majority — the most overwhelming ever given by the people of this country. His first administration was distinguished by a ces- sation of the strifes which sprang from the war, by a large reduction of the National debt, and by a settlement of the difficulties with England which had grown out of the depredations committed by privateers fit- ted out in England during the war. This last settlement was made by the famous " Geneva arbitration," which saved to this Government $15,000,000, but, more than all, prevented a war with England. " Let us have peace," was Grant's motto. And this is the most appropriate place to remark that above all Presidents whom this Gov- ernment has ever had, General Grant was the most non-partisan. He regarded the Executive office as purely and exclusively executive of the laws of Congress, irrespect- ive of " politics." But every great man has jealous, bitter enemies, a fact Grant was well aware of. After the close of his Presidency, our General made his famous tour around the world, already referred to, and soon after- ward, in company with Ferdinand Ward, of New York City, he engaged in banking and stock brokerage, which business was made disastrous to Grant, as well as to him- self, by his rascality. By this time an in- curable cancer of the tongue developed itself in the person of the afflicted ex- President, which ended his unrequited life July 23, 18S5. Thus passed away from earth's turmoils the man, the General, who was as truly the " father of this regenerated country" as was Washington the father of the infant nation. PJiES/DENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. s^gggFrnrtFti***^ mmi^'synatxmowD * jw»** UTHERFORD BIRCH- ARD HAYES, the nine- teenth President of the United States, 1877— '81, was born in Delaware, Ohio, Oc- tober 4, 1822. His ancestry can be traced as far back as 1280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chieftains fighting side by side with Baliol, William Wallace and Robert Bruce. Both fami- lies belonged to the nobility, owned extensive estates and had a largt; following. The Hayes family had, for a coat of-arms, a shield, barred and surmounted by a flying eagle. There was a circle of stars about the eagle and above the shield, while on a scroll underneath the shield was inscribed the motto, "Recte." Misfortune overtaking the family, George Hayes left Scotland in 1680, and settled in Windsor, Connecticut. He was an industrious worker in wood and iron, having a mechanical genius and a cul- tivated mind. His son George was born in Windsor and remained there during his life. Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, married Sarah Lee, and lived in Simsbury, Con- necticut. Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was born in 1724, and was a manufacturer of scythes at Bradford, Connecticut. Rutherford Hayes, son of Ezekiel and grandfather of President Hayes, was born in New Haven, in August, 1756. He was a famous black- smith and tavern-keeper. He immigrated to Vermont at an unknown date, settling in Brattleboro where he established a hotel. Here his son Rutherford, father of Presi- dent Hayes, was born. In September, 1813, he married Sophia Birchard, of Wilming- ton, Vermont, whose ancestry on the male side is traced back to 1635, to John Birch- ard, one of the principal founders of Nor- wich. Both of her grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolutionary war. The father of President Hayes was of a mechanical turn, and could mend a plow, knit a stocking, or do almost anything that he might undertake. He was prosperous in business, a member of the church and active in all the benevolent enterprises of the town. After the close of the war of 1812 he immigrated to Ohio, and purchased a farm near the present town of Delaware. His family then consisted of his wife and two children, and an orphan girl whom he had adopted. It was in 1817 that the family arrived at Delaware. Instead of settling upon his s l/WJ3l^ ¥/d/i^ I • RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. »°5 farm, Mr. Hayes concluded to enter into business in the village. He purchased an interest in a distillery, a business then as re- spectable as it was profitable. His capital and recognized ability assured him the highest social position in the community. He died July 22, 1822, less than three months before the birth of the son that was destined to fill the office of President of the United States. Mrs. Hayes at this period was very weak, and the subject of this sketch was so feeble at birth that he was not expected to live beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker so that the neighbors were in the habit of inquiring from time to time "if Mrs. Hayes's baby died last night." On one oc- casion a neighbor, who was on friendly terms with the family, after alluding to the boy's big head and the mother's assiduous care of him, said to her, in a bantering way, "That's right! Stick to him. You have got him along so far, and I shouldn't won- der if he would really come to something yet." " You need not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes, " you wait and see. You can't tell but I shall make him President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his elder brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to his mother. He was seven years old before he was placed in school. His education, however, was not neglected. His sports were almost wholly within doors, his playmates being his sister and her associates. These circum- stances tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of disposition and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others which are marked traits of his character. At school he was ardently devoted to his studies, obedient to the teacher, and care- ful to avoid the quarrels in which many of his schoolmates were involved. He was always waiting at the school-house door when it opened in the morning, and never late in returning to his seat at recess. His sister Fannie was his constant companion, and their affection for each other excited the admiration of their friends. In 1838 young Hayes entered Kenyon College and graduated in 1842. He then began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow at Columbus. His health was now well established, his figure robust, his mind vigorous and alert. In a short- time he determined to enter the law school at Cambridge, Massachusetts, where for two years he pursued his studies with great diligence. In 1845 ne was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into practice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he remained three years, acquiring but limited practice, and apparently unambitious of distinction in his profession. His bachelor uncle, Sardis Birchard, who had always manifested great interest in his nephew and rendered him assistance in boyhood, was now a wealth}' banker, and it was under- stood that the young man would be his heir. It is possible that this expectation may have made Mr. Hayes more indifferent to the attainment of wealth than he would otherwise have been, but he was led into no extravagance or vices on this account. In 1849 ne removed to Cincinnati where his ambition found new stimulus. Two events occurring at this period had a pow- erful influence upon his subsequent life. One of them was his marriage to Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Cincinnati; the other was his introduction to the Cincinnati Literary Club, a body embracing such men as Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, General John Pope and Governor Edward F. Noyes. The marriage was a fortunate one as even- body knows. Not one of all the wives of io6 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. our Presidents was more universally ad- mired, reverenced and beloved than is Mrs. Hayes, and no one has done more than she to reflect honor upon American woman- hood. In 1856 Mr. Hayes was nominated to the office of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, but declined to accept the nomina- tion. Two years later he was chosen to the office of City Solicitor. In 1861, when the Rebellion broke out, he was eager to take up arms in the defense of his country. His military life was bright and illustrious. June 7, 1861, he was appointed Major of the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry. In July the regiment was sent to Virginia. October 15, 1861, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of his regiment, and in August, 1862, was promoted Colonel of the Seventy-ninth Ohio Regiment, but refused to leave his old comrades. He was wounded at the battle of South Mountain, and suffered severely, being unable to enter upon active duty for several weeks. No- vember 30, 1862, he rejoined his regiment as its Colonel, having been promoted Octo- ber 15. December 25, 1862, he was placed in com- mand of the Kanawha division, and for meritorious service in several battles was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also brevetted Major-General for distinguished services in 1864. He was wounded lour times, and five horses were shot from under him. Mr. Hayes was first a Whig in politics, and was among the first to unite with the Free-Soil and Republican parties. In 1864 he was elected to Congress from che Sec- ond Ohio District, which had always been Democratic, receiving a majority of 3,098. In 1866 he was renominated for Congress and was a second time elected. In 1867 he was elected Governor over Allen G. Thur- man, the Democratic candidate, and re- elected in 1869. In 1874 Sardis Birchard died, leaving his large estate to General Hayes. In 1876 he was nominated for the Presi- dency. His letter of acceptance excited the admiration of the whole country. He resigned the office of Governor and retired to his home in Fremont to await the result of the canvass. After a hard, long contest he was inaugurated March 5, 1877. His Presidency was characterized by compro- mises with all parties, in order to please as many as possible. The close of his Presi- dential term in 188 1 was the close of his public life, and since then he has remained at his home in Fremont, Ohio, in Jefferso- nian retirement from public notice, in strik- ing contrast with most others of the world's notables. JAMES A. G AH FIELD. 109 rf x nEE33S^"V-^w J ^^£E£^CT , ~^^:^:M^ r *^ ; ^^i^ I* m^iflt^P^if^f^m ^$e:ir,ir:< i <*pt%>i%>t%> <&@„ +i& -3>.T4\rE^ 4, (|4M|EL1,^^ 1 ;• laas jjaaaa^JiBaaiaa^^aaaggMgra aaa^^M uv^»'fi* f >i', , ,.'i*". t , >;^f , (as , d(»j s^4j;<; l «^. > j t ii'i , *.*'i t f.*?i t i»'ii , <.Vj t t^!j s ^^ AMES A. GARFIELD, twentieth President of the United States, 1881, was born November 19, 1 83 1, in the wild woods o f Cuyahoga Count}', Ohio. His parents were Abram and Eliza (Ballou) Garfield, who were of New • England ancestry. The senior Garfield was an in- dustrious farmer, as the rapid improvements which appeared on his place at- tested. The residence was the familiar pioneer log cabin, and the household comprised the parents and their children — Mehetable, Thomas, Mary and James A. In May, 1833, the father died, and the care of the house- hold consequently devolved upon young Thomas, to whom James was greatly in- debted for the educational and other ad- vantages he enjoyed. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sisters live in Solon, Ohio, near their birthplace. As the subject of our sketch grew up, he, too, was industrious, both in mental and physical labor. He worked upon the farm, or at carpentering, or chopped wood, or at any other odd job that would aid in support of the family, and in the meantime made the most of his books. Ever afterward he was never ashamed of his humble origin, nor for- got the friends of his youth. The poorest laborer was sure of his sympathy, and he always exhibited the character of a modest gentleman. Until he was about sixteen years of age, James's highest ambition was to be a lake captain. To this his mother was strongly opposed, but she finally consented to his going to Cleveland to carry out his long- cherished design, with the understanding, however, that he should try to obtain some other kind of employment. He walked all the way to Cleveland, and this was his first visit to the city. After making many ap- plications for work, including labor on board a lake vessel, but all in vain, he finally engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos Letcher, on the Ohio & Pennsyl- vania Canal. In a short time, however, he quit this and returned home. He then at- tended the seminary at Chester for about three years, and next he entered Hiram In- stitute, a school started in 1850 by the Disciples of Christ, of which church he was a member. In order to pa}' his way he assumed the duties of janitor, and at times taught school. He soon completed the cur- riculum there, and then entered Williams College, at which he graduated in 1856, taking one of the highest honors of his class. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Afterward he returned to Hiram as Presi- dent. In his youthful and therefore zealous piety, he exercised his talents occasionally as a preacher of the Gospel. He was a man of strong moral and religious convic- tions, and as soon as he began to look into politics, he saw innumerable points that could be improved. He also studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. November 11, 1S58, Mr. Garfield married Miss Lucretia Rudolph, who ever after- ward proved a worthy consort in all the stages of her husband's career. They had seven children, five of whom are still living. It was in 1859 that Garfield made his first political speeches, in Hiram and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meetings, being received everywhere with popular favor. He was elected to the State Senate this year, taking his seat in January, i860. On the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion in 1 861 , Mr. Garfield resolved to fight as he had talked, and accordingly he enlisted to defend the old fiae:, receiving: his commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment of the Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, August 14, that year. He was immediately thrown into active service, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action he was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driv- ing the Confederates, headed by Humphre} 7 Marshall, from his native State, Kentucky. This task was speedily accomplished, al- though against great odds. On account of His success, President Lincoln commissioned him Brigadier-General, January 11, 1862; and, as he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army. He was with General Buell's army at Shi- loh, also in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. Next, he was detailed as a member of the general court-martial for the trial of General Fitz- John Porter, and then ordered to report to General Rosecians, when he was assigned to the position of Chief of Staff. His mili- tary history closed with his brilliant ser- vices at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of Major-General. In the fall of 1862, without any effort on his part, he was elected as a Representative to Congress, from that section of Ohio which had been represented for sixty years mainly by two men — Elisha Whittlesey and Joshua R. Giddings. Again, he was the youngest member of that body, and con- tinued there by successive re-elections, as Representative or Senator, until he was elected President in 1880. During his life in Congress he compiled and published by his speeches, there and elsewhere, more information on the issues of the day, espe- cially on one side, than any other member. June 8, 1880, at the National Republican Convention held in Chicago, General Gar- field was nominated for the Presidency, in preference to the old war-horses, Blaine and Grant ; and although many of the Re- publican party felt sore over the failure of their respective heroes to obtain the nomi- nation, General Garfield was elected by a fair popular majority. He was duly in- augurated, but on Jul}- 2 following, before he had fairly got started in his administra- tion, he was fatally shot by a half-demented assassin. After very painful and protracted suffering, he died September 19, 1881, la- mented by all the American people. Never before in the history of this country had anything occurred which so nearly froze the blood of the Nation, for the moment, as the awful act of Guiteau, the murderer. He Was duly tried, convicted and put to death on the gallows. The lamented Garfield was succeeded by the Vice-President, General Arthur, who seemed to endeavor to carry out the policy inaugurated by his predecessor. tyL\ CHESTER A. ARTHUR. 113 ^S@^3 -Ma "-T^"<§)£)C^- r 'fi»OllS) -^~ * ^-^ -f- ^"^"^""Otesa^l w HESTER ALLEN ARTHUR, the twen- ty-first Chief Execu- tive of this growing republic, i88i-'5, was born in Franklin County, Vermont, October 5, 1830, the eldest of a family of two sons and five ^ daughters. His father, Rev. rlHS? Dr. William Arthur, a Baptist clergyman, immigrated to this country from County Antrim, Ireland, in his eighteenth year, and died in 1875, in Newton- ville, near Albany, New York, after serving many years as a successful minister. Chester A. was educated at that old, conservative institution, Union Col- lege, at Schenectady, New York, where he excelled in all his studies. He graduated there, with honor, and then struck out in life for himself by teaching school for about two years in his native State. At the expiration of that time young Arthur, with $500 in his purse, went to the city of New York and entered the law office of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as a student. In due time he was admitted to the bar, when he formed a partnership with his intimate friend and old room-mate, Henry D. Gar. diner, with the intention of practicing law at some point in the West ; but after spend- ing about three months in the Western States, in search of an eligible place, they returned to New York City, leased a room, exhibited a sign of their business and al- most immediately enjoyed a paying patron- age. At this stage of his career Mr. Arthur's business prospects were so encouraging that he concluded to take a wife, and ac- cordingly he married the daughter of Lieu- tenant Herndon, of the United States Navy, who had been lost at sea. To the widow of the latter Congress voted a gold medal, in recognition of the Lieutenant's bravery during the occasion in which he lost his life. Mrs. Artnur died shortly before her husband's nomination to the Vice-Presi- dency, leaving two children. Mr. Arthur obtained considerable celeb- rity as an attorney in the famous Lemmon suit, which was brought to recover posses- sion of eight slaves, who had been declared free by the Superior Court of New York City. The noted Charles O'Conor, who was nominated by the " Straight Demo- crats" in 1872 for the United States Presi- dency, was retained by Jonathan G. Lem- IH PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. mon, of Virginia, to recover the negroes, but he lost the suit. In this case, however, Mr. Arthur was assisted by William M. Evarts, now United States Senator. Soon afterward, in 1856, a respectable colored woman was ejected from a street car in New York City. Mr. Arthur sued the car company in her behalf and recovered $500 damages. Immediately afterward all the car companies in the city issued orders to their employes to admit colored persons upon their cars. Mr. Arthur's political doctrines, as well as his practice as a lawyer, raised him to prominence in the party of freedom ; and accordingly he was sent as a delegate to the first National Republican Convention. Soon afterward he was appointed Judge Advocate for the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and then Engineer-in- Chief on Governor Morgan's staff. In 1861, the first year of the war, he was made In- spector-General, and next, Quartermaster- General, in both which offices he rendered great service to the Government. After the close of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of law, forming first a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and subse- quently adding Mr. Phelps to the firm. Each of these gentlemen were able lawyers. November 21,<\&J2, General Arthur was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, and he held the office until July 20, 1878. The next event of prominence in General Arthur's career was his nomination to the V ice-Presidency of the United States, under the influence of Roscoe Conkling, at the National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880, when James A. Gar- field was placed at the head of the ticket. Both the convention and the campaign that followed were noisy and exciting. The iriends of Grant, constituting nearly half the convention, were exceedingly persist- ent, and were sorely disappointed over their defeat. At the head of the Demo- cratic ticket was placed a very strong and popular man ; yet Garfield and Arthur were elected by a respectable plurality of the popular vote. The 4th of March following, these gentlemen were accordingly inaugu- rated ; but within four months the assassin's bullet made a fatal wound in the person of General Garfield, whose life terminated September 19, 1881, when General Arthur, ex officio, was obliged to take the chief reins of government. Some misgivings were entertained by many in this event, as Mr. Arthur was thought to represent espe cially the Grant, and Conkling wing of the Republican party ; but President Arthur had both the ability and the good sense to allay all fears, and he gave the restless, critical American people as good an ad- ministration as they had ever been blessed with. Neither selfishness nor low parti- sanism ever characterized any feature of his public service. He ever maintained a high sense of every individual right as well as of the Nation's honor. Indeed, he stood so high that his successor, President Cleve- land, though of opposing politics, expressed a wish in his inaugural address that he could only satisfy the people with as good an administration. But the day of civil service reform had come in so far, and the corresponding re- action against " third-termism" had en- croached so far even upon "second-term" service, that the Republican party saw fit in 1884 to nominate another man for Presi- dent. Only by this means was General Arthur's tenure of office closed at Wash- ington. On his retirement from the Presi- dency, March, 1885, he engaged in the practice of law at New York City, where he died November 18, 1886. >C7 r~ y *~~^*f G ROVER CLEVELAND. 117 ^^<$f^ ^&*>3? ^<%^ . >*"• "^ cmovBB ^iewiia ^ ** ^A$ 5^?S^ ROVER CLEVE- LAND, the twenty- second President of the United States, 1885—, was born in Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, March 18, 1837. The house in which he was born, a small two-story wooden building, is still stand- i ing. It was the parsonage of the Presbyterian church, of which his father, Richard Cleveland, at the time was pastor. The family is of New England origin, and for two centuries has contributed to the professions and to busi- ness, men who have reflected honor on the name. Aaron Cleveland, Grover Cleve- land's great-great-grandfather, was born in Massachusetts, but subsequently moved to Philadelphia, where he became an intimate friend of Benjamin Franklin, at whose house he died. He left a large family of children, who in time married and settled in different parts of New England. A grandson was one of the small American force that fought the British at Bunker Hill. He served with gallantry through- out the Revolution and was honorably discharged at its close as a Lieutenant in the Continental army. Another grandson, William Cleveland (a son of a second Aaron Cleveland, who was distinguished as a writer and member of the Connecticut Legislature) was Grover Cleveland's grand- father. William Cleveland became a silver- smith in Norwich, Connecticut. He ac- quired by industry some property and sent his son, Richard Cleveland, the father of Grover Cleveland, to Yale College, where he graduated in 1824. During a year spent in teaching at Baltimore, Maryland, after graduation, he met and fell in love with a Miss Annie Neale, daughter of a wealthy Baltimore book publisher, of Irish birth. He was earning his own way in the world at the time and was unable to marry; but in three years he completed a course of preparation for the ministry, secured a church in Windham, Connecticut, and married Annie Neale. Subsequently he moved to Portsmouth, Virginia, where he preached for nearly two years, when he was summoned to Caldwell, New Jersey, where was born Grover Cleveland. When he was three years old the family- moved to Fayetteville, Onondaga County, New York. Here Grover Cleveland lived until he was fourteen years old, the rugged, healthful life of a country boy r . His frank, generous manner made him a favorite among his companions, and their respect was won by the good qualities in the germ which his manhood developed. He at- tended the district school of the village and n8 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. was for a short time at the academy. His lather, however, believed that boys should be taught to labor at an early age, and be- fore he had completed the course of study at the academy he began to work in the village store at $50 for the first year, and the promise of $100 for the second year. His work was well done and the promised in- crease of pay was granted the second year. Meanwhile his father and family had moved to Clinton, the seat of Hamilton College, where his father acted as agent to the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, preaching in the churches of the vicinity. Hither Grover came at his father's request shortly after the beginning of his second year at the Fayetteville store, and resumed his studies at the Clinton Academy. After three years spent in this town, the Rev. Richard Cleveland was called to the vil- lage church of Holland Patent. He had preached here only a month when he was suddenly stricken down and died without an hour's warning. The death of the father left the family in straitened circumstances, as Richard Cleveland had spent all his salary of $1,000 per year, which was not required for the necessary expenses of liv- ing, upon the education of his children, of whom there were nine, Grover being the fifth. Grover was* hoping to enter Hamil- ton College, but the death of his father made it necessary for him to earn his own livelihood. For the first year (1853— '4) he acted as assistant teacher and bookkeeper in the Institution for the Blind in New York City, of which the late Augustus Schell was for many years the patron. In the winter of 1854 he returned to Holland Patent where the generous people of that place, Fayetteville and Clinton, had purchased a home for his mother, and in the following spring, borrowing $25, he set out for the West to earn his living. Reaching Buffalo he paid a hasty visit to an uncle, Lewis F. Allen, a well-known stock farmer, living at Black Rock, a few miles distant. He communicated his plans to Mr. Allen, who discouraged the idea of the West, and finally induced the enthusi- astic boy of seventeen to remain with him and help him prepare a catalogue of blooded short-horn cattle, knownas " Allen's Amer- ican Herd Book," a publication familiar to all breeders of cattle. In August, 1855, he entered the law office of Rogers, Bo wen & Rogers, at Buffalo, and after serving a few months without pay, was paid $4 a week — an amount barely sufficient to meet the necessary expenses of his board in the family of a fellow-student in Buffalo, with whom he took lodgings. Life at this time with Grover Cleveland was a stern battle with the world. He took his breakfast by candle-light with the drovers, and went at once to the office where the whole day was spent in work and study. Usually he re- turned again at night to resume reading which had been interrupted by the duties of the day. Gradually his employers came to recognize the ability, trustworthiness and capacity for hard work in their young employe, and by the time he was admitted to the bar (1859) he stood high in their con- fidence. A year later he was made confi- dential and managing clerk, and in the course of three years more his salary had been raised to $1,000. In 1863 he was ap- pointed assistant district attorney of Erie County by the district attorney, the Hon. C. C. Torrance. Since his first vote had been cast in 1858 he had been a staunch Democrat, and until he was chosen Governor he always made it his duty, rain or shine, to stand at the polls and give out ballots to Democratic voters. During the first year of his term as assistant district attorney, the Democrats desired especially to carry the Board of Su- pervisors. The old Second Ward in which he lived was Republican- ordinarily by 250 majority, but at the urgent request of the G ROVER CLE VELA ND. 119 party Grover Cleveland consented to be the Democratic candidate for Supervisor, dnd came within thirteen votes of an elec- cion. The three years spent in the district attorney's office were devoted to assiduous iabor and the extension of his professional attainments. He then formed a law part- nership with the late Isaac V. Vanderpoel, ex-State Treasurer, under the firm name of Vanderpoel & Cleveland. Here the bulk of the work devolved on Cleveland's shoul- ders, and he soon won a good standing at the bar of Erie County. In 1869 Mr. Cleveland formed a partnership with ex- Senator A. P. Laning and ex-Assistant United States District Attorney Oscar Fol- som, under the firm name of Laning, Cleve- land & Folsom. During these years he began to earn a moderate professional in- come; but the larger portion of it was sent to his mother and sisters at Holland Patent to whose support he had contributed ever since i860. He served as sheriff of Erie County, i870-'4, and then resumed the practice of law, associating himself with the Hon. Lyman K. Bass and Wilson S. Bissell. The firm was strong and popular, and soon commanded a large and lucrative practice. Ill health forced the retirement of Mr. Bass in 1879, and the firm became Cleveland & Bissell. In 1881 Mr. George J. Sicard was added to the firm. In the autumn election of 1881 he was elected mayor of Buffalo by a majority of over 3,500 — the largest majority ever given a candidate for mayor — and the Democratic city ticket was successful, although the Republicans carried Buffalo by over 1,000 majority for their State ticket. Grover Cleveland's administration as mayor fully justified the confidence reposed in him by the people of Buffalo, evidenced by the great vote he received. The Democratic State Convention met at Syracuse, September 22, 1882, and nomi- nated Grover Cleveland for Governor on the third ballot and Cleveland was elected by 192,000 majoritv. In the fall of 1 884 he was elected President of the United States by about 1,000 popular majority, in New York State, and he was accordingly inaugurated the 4th of March following. PRESIDENTS OF THE 17 NIT ED STATES. ■ ■ ',"' =Si©^elsr=4_o._ BENJAMIN HAI^ISON. •— ^-T^^S-SL^-- ENJAMIN HARPJSON, the twenty-third Presi- dent of the United States, 1889, was born at North Bend, Hamilton County, Ohio, in the house of his grandfather, William Hen- ry Harrison (who was the ninth President of this country), August 20th, 1833. He is a descendant of one of the historical families of this country, as also of England. The head of the family was a Major-General Harrison who was devoted to the cause of Oliver Cromwell. It became the duty of this Har- rison to participate in the trial of Charles 1. and afterward to sigu the death warrant of the king, which subsequently cost him his life. His enemies succeeding to power, he was condemned and executed October 13th, 16G0. His descendants came to America, and the first mention made in history of the Harrison family as representative in public affairs, is that of Benjamin Harrison, great- grandfather of our present President, who was a member of the Continental Congress, 1774-5-6, and one of the original signers of the Declaration of Independence, and three times Governor of Virginia. His son, Will- iam Henry Harrison, made a brilliant mili- tary record, was Governor of the Northwest Territory, and the ninth President of the United States. The subject of this sketch at an early age became a student at Farmers College, where he remained two years, at the end of which time he entered Miami University, at Ox- ford, Ohio. Upon graduation from said seat of learning he entered, as a student, the of- fice of Stover & Gwyne, a notable law firm at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he applied himself closely to the study of his chosen profession, and here laid the foundation for the honora- ble and famous career before him. He spent two years with the firm in Cincinnati, at the expiration of which time he received the only inheritance of his life, which was a lot left him by an aunt, which he sold for $800. This sum he deemed sufficient to justify him in marrying the lady of his choice, and to whom he was then engaged, a daughter of Dr. Scott, then Principal of a female school at Oxford, Ohio. After marriage he located at Indianapolis, Indiana, where he began the practice of law. Meeting with slight encouragement he made but little the first year, but applied himself . (^4 6£^>^\A^&lS^^O BEN J AMIS 7 HARRISON. 123 closely to his business, and by perseverance, honorable dealing and an upright life, suc- ceeded in building up an extensive practice and took a leading position in the legal profession. In 1860 he was nominated for the position of Supreme Court Reporter for the State of Indiana, and then began his experience as a stump speaker. He canvassed the State thoroughly and was elected. In 1802 his patriotism caused him to abandon a civil office and to offer his country his services in a military capacity. He or- ganized the Seventieth Indiana Infantry and was chosen its Colonel. Although his regi- ment was composed of raw material, and he practically void of military schooling, he at once mastered military tactics and drilled his men, so that when he with his regiment was assigned to Gen. Sherman's command it was known as one of the best drilled orgran- izations of the army. He was especially distinguished for bravery at the battles of Resacca and Peach Tree Creek. For his bravery and efficiency at the last named bat- tle he was made a Brigadier-General, Gen- eral Hooker speaking of him in the most complimentary terms. While General Harrison was actively en- gaged in the field the Supreme Court declared the office of Supreme Court Reporter vacant, and another person was elected to fill the position. From the time of leaving Indiana with his regiment for the front, until the fall of 1864, General Harrison had taken no leave of absence. But having been nominated that year for the same office that he vacated in order to serve his country where he could do the greatest good, he got a thirty-day leave of absence, and during that time canvassed the State and was elected for another term as Supreme Court Reporter. He then started to rejoin his command, then with General Sherman in the South, but was stricken down with fever and after a very trying siege, made his way to the front, and participated in the closing scenes and incidents of the war. In 1868 General Harrison declined a re- election as Reporter, and applied himself to the practice of his profession. He was a candidate for Governor of Indiana on the Republican ticket in 1876. Although de- feated, the brilliant campaign brought him to public notice and gave him a National reputation as an able and formidable debater and he was much sought in the Eastern States as a public speaker. He took an act- ive part in the Presidential campaign of 1880, and was elected to the United States Senate, where he served six years, and was known as one of the strongest debaters, as well as one of the ablest men and best law- yers. When his term expired in the Senate he resumed his law practice at Indianapolis, becoming the head of one of the strongest law firms in the State of Indiana. Sometime prior to the opening of the Presidential campaign of 1888, the two great political parties (Republican and Democratic) drew the line of political battle on the ques- tion of tariff, which became the leading issue and the rallying watcTiword during the mem- orable campaign. The Republicans appealed to the people for their voice as to a tariff to protect home industries, while the Democrats wanted a tariff for revenue only. The Re- publican convention assembled in Chicago in June and selected Mr. Harrison as their standard bearer on a platform of principles, among other important clauses being that of protection, which he cordially indorsed in accepting the nomination. November 6, 1888, after a heated canvass, General Harri- son was elected, defeating Grover Cleveland, who was again the nominee of the Demo- cratic party. He was inaugurated and as- sumed the duties of his office March -1, 1889. >*J<^S* HISTORY OF IOWA. ^V ^ ^ A/3% 9w HJSTORT OF IOWA. 1^3 jps i!_l ./ i x. M' i/Mistory of lou/a. -n n u ii ABORIGINAL. riE race or races who occupied this beau- tiful prairie country before the advent of the whites from Eu- rope had no litera- ture, and therefore have left us no history of themselves. Not even tra- ditions, to any extent, have been handed down to us. Hence, about all we know of the Indians, previous to explorations by the whites, is derived from mounds and a few simple relics. The mounds were erected by a people generally denominated Mound Builders, but whether they were a distinct race from the Indians is an unsettled ques- tion. Prof. Alex. Winchell, of the Michigan State University, as well as a number of other investigators, is of the opinion that those who built mounds, mined copper and iron, made elaborate implements of war, agriculture and domestic economy, and built houses and substantial villages, etc., were no other than the ancestors of the present Indians, who, like the ancient Greeks and Romans, were more skilled in 10 the arts of life than their successors during the middle ages. Most people have their periods of decline, as well as those of prog- ress. The Persians, Hindoos and Chinese, although so long in existence as distinct nations, have been forages in a state of de- cay. Spain and Italy do not improve, while Germany, Russia and the United States have now their turn in enjoying a rapid rise. Similarly, the Indians have long been on the decline in the practical arts of life. Even since the recent days of Feni- more Cooper, the " noble " red men have degenerated into savages, despite the close contact of the highest order of civilization. Nearly all modern authorities unite in the opinion that the American continent was first peopled from Eastern Asia, either by immigration across Behring's Strait or by shipwrecks of sailors from the Kamt- schatkan and Japanese coast. If mankind originated at the north pole, and subse- quently occupied an Atlantic continent, now submerged, it is possible that the American Indians are relics of polar or Atlantic races. The ancient race which built the towns and cities of Mexico and the Western United States is called the Aztec, and even of them is scarcely anything known save I : i HISTORY OF IOWA. what can be learned from their buried structures. The few inscriptions that are found seem to be meaningless. Indian mounds are found throughout the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, but are far more abundant in some places than others. In this State they abound near the principal rivers. They vary in size from a few to hundreds of feet in diameter, and from three to fifteen or more feet in height. They are generally round, or nearly so, but in a few notable exceptions they bear a rude resemblance in their outline to the figure of some animal. 1 heir contents are limited, both in quantity and variety, and consist mainly of human bones, stone implements, tobacco pipes, beads, etc. The stone implements are axes, skinning knives, pestles and mortars, arrow points, etc. The human bones are often found in a mass as if a number of corpses had been buried together, and indicate that their possessors were interred in a sitting posture. Judge Samuel Murdock, of Elkader, this State, who has made this subject a special study for many years, is of the opinion that these remains are not of subjects who were inhumed as corpses, but of persons who, under the influence of a savage religion, voluntarily sacrificed themselves by under- going a burial when alive. CAUCASIAN. The first member of this race to discover the Mississippi River was Ferdinand De Soto, a Spaniard, who explored the region of the Lower Mississippi in 1541, but came no farther north than the 35th parallel. He founded no settlements, nor was he ever followed by others of his country to make settlements, and hence Spain lost her title to the country which she had earned by discovery through her subject, De Soto. At a subsequent period a Frenchman re- discovered the realm, took possession of it ili tne name of France, and his fellow countrymen soon followed and effected actual settlements. Accordingly, in 1682, France claimed the country, and, accord- ing to the usage of European nations, earned a proper title to the same. The re- sult was a collision between those two na- tions, success finally crowning the efforts of France. In a grand council of Indians, on the shore of Lake Superior, they told the Frenchmen glowing stories of the " Father of Waters " and of the adjacent country, and in 1669 Jacques Marquette, a zealous and shrewd Jesuit missionary, became in- spired with the idea of visiting this re- gion, in the interests of civilization. After studying the language and customs of the Illinois Indians until 1673, he made prep- arations for the journey, in which he was to be accompanied by Louis Joliet, an agent of the French Government. The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to wit- ness his departure, endeavored to dissuade him from the undertaking, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley were cruel and bloodthirsty. The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters which could swallow men, canoes and all. But the shrewd missionary, already aware of Indian extravagance in descrip- tion, set out upon the contemplated jour- ney May 13. With the aid of two Miami guides he proceeded to the Wisconsin River, and down that stream to the Mis- sissippi. Floating down the latter he dis- covered, on the 25th of June, traces of Indians on the west bank, and landed. This was at a point a little above the mouth of the Des Moines River, and thus a Euro- pean first trod the soil of Iowa. After re- maining a short time and becoming ac- quainted with the red man as he then and there exhibited himself, he proceeded down to the mouth of the Illinois, thence up that river and by Lake Michigan to the French settlements. HISTORY OF IOWA. 125 Nine years later, in 1682, Rene Robert Cavelier La Salle descended the Missis- sippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in the name of the King of France took formal posses- sion of all the Mississippi Valley, naming it Louisiana, in honor of his king, Louis XIV. The river itself he named Colbert, in honor of the French minister. Soon afterward the Government of France began to en- courage the establishment of a line of trad- ing posts and missionary stations through- out the West from Canada to Louisiana, and this policy was maintained with par- tial success for about seventy-five years. Christian zeal animated both France and England in missionary enterprise, the former in the interests of Catholicism and the latter in favor of Protestantism. Hence their haste to pre-occupy the land and prose- lyte the aborigines; but this ugly rivalry dis- gusted the Indians and they refused to be converted to either branch of Christianity. The traders also persisted in importing whisky, which canceled nearly every civ- ilizing influence that could be brought to bear upon the savages. Another character- istic of Indian nature was to listen atten- tively to all that the missionary said, pre- tending to believe all he preached, and then offer in turn his theory of the world, of re- ligion, etc.; and, not being listened to with the same degree of attention and pretense of belief, would depart from the white man's presence in disgust. This was his idea of the golden rule. Comparatively few Indians were perma- nently located within the present bounds of the State of Iowa. Favorite hunting grounds were resorted to by certain bands tor a time, and afterward by others, subject to the varying fortunes of their little wars. The tribes were principally the Illinois, lowas, Dakotas, Sioux, Pottawatomies and finally the Sacs and Foxes. In 1765 the Miami confederacy was com- posed of four tribes, whose total number of warriors was estimated at only 1,050 men. Of these about 250 were Twightwees, or Miamis proper; 300 Weas, or Ouiate- nons; 300 Piankeshaws and 200 Shockeys; but their headquarters were along the Maumee River, in Indiana and Ohio. From 1688 to 1697 the wars in which France and England were engaged re- tarded the growth of their American colo- nies. The efforts made by France to connect Canada and the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of trading posts and colonies nat- urally excited the jealousy of England and gradually laid the foundation for a struggle at arms. The crisis came and the contest obtained the name of the French and Indian war, the French and Indians combining against the English. The war was termi- nated in 1763 by a treaty at Paris, by which France ceded to Great Britain all of North America east of the Mississippi, except the island on which New Orleans is situated. The preceding autumn France ceded to Spain all the country west of that river. In 1765 the total number of French fami- lies within the limits of the Northwest Ter- ritory did not probably exceed 600. These were in settlements about Detroit, along the river Wabash and the neighborhood of Fort Chartres on the Mississippi. The colonial policy of the British Government opposed any measures which might strengthen settlements in the interior of this country, lest they should become self- supporting and consequently independent of the mother country. Hence the settle- ment of the Northwest was still further retarded. That short-sighted policy con- sisted mainly in holding the lands in the possession of the Government, and not allowing it to be subdivided and sold to those who would become settlers. After the establishment of American indepen- dence, and especially under the administra- tion of Thomas Jefferson, both as Governor of Virginia and President of the United I2f) IlISTORT OF IOWA. States, subdivision of land and giving it to actual settlers rapidly peopled this portion of the Union, so that the Northwest Terri- tory was formed and even subdivided into other Territories and States before the year 1820. For more than 100 years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin soil of Iowa and admired its fertile plains, not a single settle- ment was made or attempted ; not even a trading-post was established. During this time the Illinois Indians, once a powerful tribe, gave up the entire possession of this " Beautiful Land," as Iowa was then called, to the Sacs and Foxes. In 1803, when Louisiana was purchased by the United States, the Sacs, Foxes and Iowas pos- sessed this entire State, and the two for- mer tribes occupied also most of the State of Illinois. The four most important towns of the Sacs were along the Mississippi, two on the east side, one near the mouth of the Upper Iowa and one at the head of the Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose. Those of the Foxes were — one on the west side of the Mississippi just above Davenport, one about twelve miles from the river back of the Dubuque lead mines and one on Turkey River. The principal village of the Iowas was on the Des Moines River, jn Van Buren County, where Iowaville now stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the Iowas was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded the attacking forces. The Sioux had the northern portion of this State and Southern Minnesota. They were a fierce and war-like nation, who often disputed possessions with their rivals in savage and bloody warfare ; but finally a boundary line was established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty held at Prairie du Chien in 1825. This, however, became the occa- sion of an increased number of quarrels be- tween the tribes, as each trespassed, or was thought to trespass, upon the other's side of the line. In 1830, therefore, the Govern- ment created a forty-mile neutral strip of land between them, which policy proved to be more successful in the interests of peace. Soon after the acquisition of Louisiana by our Government, the latter adopted meas- ures for the exploration of the new terri- tory, having in view the conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and also the selection of proper sites for military posts and trading stations. The Army of the West, General Wilkin- son commanding, had its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post Captains Lewis and Clarke, in 1805, were detailed with a sufficient force to explore the Missouri River to its source, and Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head of the Missis- sippi. August 20 the latter arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines Rapids, where he met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian Agent at this point, a French interpreter, four chiefs and fifteen Sac and Fox war- riors. At the head of the rapids, where Montrose now is, Pike held a council with the IncBfcns, merely for the purpose of stat- ing to them that the President of the United States wished to inquire into the needs of the red man, with a view of suggesting remedies. On the 23d he reached what is supposed from his description to be the site of Bur- lington, which place he designated for a post ; but the station, probably by some mistake, was afterward placed at Fort Madi- son. After accidentally separating from his men and losing his way, suffering at one time for six days for want of food, and after many other mishaps Lieutenant Pike over- took the remainder of the party at the point now occupied by Dubuque, who had gone on up the river hoping to overtake him. At that point Pike was cordially received by HIS TORT OF IOWA. 127 Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain, but was not disposed to publish the wealth of his possessions. Having an old field-piece with him, however, he fired a salute in honor of the first visit of an agent from the United States to that part of the country, and Pike pursued his way up the river. At what was afterward Fort Snelling, Minnesota, Lieutenant Pike held a council with the Sioux September 23, and obtained from them a grant of 100,000 acres of land. January 8 following (1806) he arrived at a trading post on Lake De Sable, belonging to the Northwestern Fur Company, whose field of operations at that time included this State. Pike returned to St. Louis the fol- lowing spring, after making a successful expedition. Before this country could be opened for settlement by the whites, it was necessary that Indian title should be extinguished and the aboriginal owners removed. When the Government assumed control of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, at whose head stood the rising Black Hawk. November 3, 1804, a treaty was concluded with these tribes by which they ceded to the United States the Illinois side of the great river, in consider- ation of $2,234 worth of goods then de- livered, and an annuity of $1,000 to be paid in goods at cost; but Black Hawk always maintained that the chiefs who entered into that compact acted without authority, and that therefore the treaty was not binding. The first fort erected on Iowa soil was at Fort Madison. A short time previously a military post was fixed at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and named Fort Edwards. ! These enterprises caused mistrust among the Indians. Indeed, Fort Madison was located in violation of the treaty of 1804. The Indians sent delegations to the whites at these forts to learn what they were do- ing, and what they intended. On being "informed" that those structures were merely trading-posts, they were incredu- lous and became more and more suspicious. Black Hawk therefore led a party to the vicinity of Fort Madison and attempted its destruction, but a premature attack by him caused his failure. In 181 2, when war was declared between this country and Great Britain, Black Hawk and his band allied themselves to the British, partly because thev were dazzled by their specious promises, but mostly, perhaps, be- cause they had been deceived by the Amer- icans. Black Hawk said plainly that the latter fact was the cause. A portion of the Sacs and Foxes, however, headed by Keo- kuk ("watchful fox"), could not be per- suaded into hostilities against the United States, being disposed to abide by the treaty of 1804. The Indians were there- fore divided into the " war " and the " peace " parties. Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that his people, left on the west side of the river, would be defenseless against the United States forces in case they were at- tacked ; and, having all the old men, the women and the children on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was determined to have the latter go to St. Louis and place themselves under the " American" chief stationed there. Ac- cordingly they went down, and were re- ceived as the " friendly band " of Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On Black Hawk's return from the British army, he says that Keokuk was introduced to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. On inquiry as to how he became chief, there were given him the particulars of his having killed a Sioux in battle, which fact placed him among the warriors, and of his having headed an ex- pedition in defense of their village at Peoria. iaS HI STORY OF IOWA. In person Keokuk was tall and of portly bearing, and in speech he was an orator. He did not master the English language, however, and his interpreters were never able to do him justice. He was a friend of our Government, and always endeavored to persuade the Indians that it was useless to attack a nation so powerful as that of the United States. The treaty of 1804 was renewed in 18 16, which Black Hawk himself signed; but he afterward held that he was deceived, and that that treaty was not even yet binding. But there was no further serious trouble with the Indians until the noted " Black Hawk war" of 1832, all of which took place in Illinois and Wisconsin, with the expected result — the defeat and capture of the great chief, and the final, effectual and permanent repulsion of all hostile Indians to the west of the great Mississippi. Black Hawk died October 3, 1838, at his home in this State, and was buried there ; but his remains were afterward placed in the museum of the His- torical Society, where they were accident- ally destroyed by fire. More or less affecting the territory now included within the State of Iowa, fifteen treaties with the Indians have been made, an outline of which is here given. In 1804, when the whites agreed not to settle west of the Mississippi on Indian lands. In 181 5, with the Sioux, ratifying peace with Great Britain and the United States; with the Sacs, a treaty of a similar nature, and also ratifying that of 1804, the Indians agreeing not to join their brethren who, under Black Hawk, had aided the British ; with the Foxes, ratifying the treaty of 1804, the In- dians agreeing to deliver up all their prisoners ; and with the Iowas, a treaty of friendship. In 1816, with the Sacs of Rock River, ratifying the treaty of 1804. In 1824, with the Sacs and Foxes, the latter relin- quishing all their lands in Missouri; and that portion of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " half-breed tract " was set off to the half-breeds. In 1825, placing a boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes on the south and the Sioux on the north. In 1830, when that line was widened to forty miles. Also, in the same year, with several tribes, who ceded a large portion of their possessions in the western part of the State. In 1832, with the Winnebagoes, ex- changing lands with them and providing a school, farm, etc., for them. Also, in the same year, the "Black Hawk purchase" was made, of about 6,000,000 acres, along the west side of the Mississippi from the southern line of the State to the mouth of the Iowa River. In 1836, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's reserve to the United States. In 1837, with the same, when another slice of territory, comprising 1,250000 acres, joining west of the forego- ing tract, was obtained. Also, in the same year, when these Indians gave up all their lands allowed them under former treaties ; and finally, in 1842, when they relinquished their title to all their lands west of the Mississippi. Before the whole of Iowa fell into the hands of the United States Government sundry white settlers had, under the Spanish and French Governments, obtained and oc- cupied several important claims within our boundaries, which it may be well to notice in brief. September 22, 1788, Julien Du- buque, before mentioned, obtained a lease of lands from the Fox Indians, at the point now occupied by the city named after him. This tract contained valuable lead ore, and Dubuque followed mining. His claims, however, as well as those to whom he after- ward conveyed title, were litigated for many years, with the final result Of dis- appointing the purchasers. In 1799 Louis Honori obtained a tract of land about three miles square where Montrose is now sit- uated, and his title, standing through all the treaties and being finally confirmed by Hf STOUT OF IOWA. I2rj the Supreme Court of the United States, is the oldest legal title held by a white man in the State of Iowa. A tract of 5,860 acres in Clayton County was granted by the Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1795 to Basil Girard, whose title was made valid some time after the preceding case was settled. Other early settlers were: Mr. Johnson, an agent of the American Fur Company, who had a trading-post below Burlington. Le Moliere, a French trader, had, in 1820, a station at what is now Sandusky, in Lee County, six miles above Keokuk. During the same year Dr. Samuel C. Muir, a sur- geon of the United States army, built a cabin where the city of Keokuk now stands. His marriage and subsequent life were so romantic that we give the following bnet sketch : While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, the post was visited by a beautiful Indian maiden — whose native name unfortunately has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave unmoor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, according to the super- stitious belief of her race, that in her dreams she had seen her future husband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meeting Dr. Muir she instantly recognized him as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed with Sophia's beauty, innocence and devotion, the Doctor honorably mar- ried her, but after a while the sneers and gibes of his brother officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and when his regi- ment was ordered down the river to Belle- fontaine, it is said that he embraced the opportunity to rid himself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and httle dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her in- fant child, this intrepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and after many days of weary labor and a lonely journey of 900 miles, she at last reached him. She afterward remarked, when speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there I was all perished away — so thin !" The Doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her to his heart, and ever after until his death treated her with marked respect. She always presided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her na- tive style of dress. In iSi9-'20 he was stationed at Fort Edward, now Warsaw, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. He then built a cabin as above stated, where Keokuk is now situated, and made a claim to some land. This claim he leased to Otis Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe (afterward Galena), where he practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to him four children — Louise, James, Mary and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera in 1832, but left his property in such a condition that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and penniless, became discouraged, and, with her two younger children, disap- peared. It is said she returned to her peo- ple on the Upper Missouri. The gentleman who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk subsequently em- ployed as their agent Moses Stillwell, who arrived with his family in 1828, and took possession. His brothers-in-law, Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. Mr. Stillwell's daughter Margaret (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1 83 1, at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puckashetuck. She was prob- 130 HISTORY OP IOWA. ably the first white American child born in Iowa. In 1829 Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a settle- ment on the Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville. The same year James S. Lang- worthy, who had been engaged in lead- mining at Galena since 1824, commenced lead-mining in the vicinity of Dubuque. A few others afterward came to that point as miners, and they soon found it necessary to hold a council and adopt some regulations for their government and protection. They met in 1830 on the bank of the river, by the side of an old cottonwood drift log, at what is now the Jones Street Levee in Dubuque, and elected a committee, consisting of J. L. Langworthy, H. F. Lander, James Mc- Phetres, Samuel Scales and E. M. Wren, who drafted a set of rules, which were adopted by this, the first " Legislature" of Iowa. They elected Dr. Jarote as their officer to choose arbitrators for the settle- ment of difficulties that might arise. These settlers, however, were intruders upon In- dian territory, and were driven off in 1832 by our Government, Colonel Zachary Tay- lor commanding the troops. The Indians returned and were encouraged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white occupants. But in June of the same year the troops were ordered to the east side of the Missis- sippi to assist in the annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the west side ! Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war and the negotiations of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded the tract known as the " Black Hawk Purchase," the settlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared large quantities of lead for market. But the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although they had with- drawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Colonel Taylor was again ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833, troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. This was a serious and per- haps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the miners. They were compelled to aban- don their cabins and homes in mid-winter. This, too, was only out of respect for forms ; for the purchase had been made, and the Indians had retired. After the lapse of fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this rigorous action of the Government can be given. But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. Many of the settlers re-crossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, re- moved to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, in which to store their lead until spring, when they could float the fruits of their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could re- main until the treaty went into force, when they could return. Among these were the Langworthy brothers, who had on hand about 300,000 pounds of lead. No sooner had the miners left than Lieu- tenant Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Colonel Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons and other prop- erty to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on the part of a subordi- nate, clothed with a little brief authority, was sternly rebuked by Colonel Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieutenant George Wilson, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, that were only waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. The treaty went formally into effect June, II IS TORT OF IOWA. 131 1S33, the troops were withdrawn, and the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed possession of their homes and claims. From this time must date the first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa. John P. Sheldon was appointed superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that which had been in operation at Galena since 1825, under Lieutenant Martin Thomas and Captain Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primi- tive law enacted by the miners assembled around that old Cottonwood drift log in 1830, was adopted and enforced by the United States Government, except that miners were required to sell their mineral to licensed smelters, and the smelter was required to give bonds for the payment of 6 per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government About 500 people arrived in the mining district in 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, of whom 150 were from Galena. In the same year Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school- house in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the populous and thriving city of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he first settled become the site of a city of 15,000 inhabitants, the small school-house which he aided in construct- ing replaced by three substantial edifices, wherein 2,000 children were being trained, churches erected in ever)' part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored with all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, while on a trip over the Du- buque & Southern Railroad, at Monticello, and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. Lucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worth)', gifted and influ- ential of the old settlers of this section of 11 Iowa. He died greatly lamented by many friends, in June, 1865. The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners, at a meeting held in 1834. Soon after the close of the Black Hawk war in 1832, Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort Madison. In 1833 General John H. Knapp and Colonel Nathaniel Knapp purchased these claims, and in the summer of 1835 they laid out the town of " Fort Madison." Lots were ex- posed for sale early in 1836. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United States Government. The popu- lation rapidly increased, and in less than two years the beautiful location was cov- ered by a flourishing town, containing nearly 600 inhabitants, with a large pro- portion of enterprising merchants, mechan- ics and manufacturers. In the fall of 1832 Simpson S. White erected a cabin on the site of Burlington, seventy-nine miles below Rock Island. During the war parties had looked long- ingly upon the " Flint Hills" from the op- posite side of the river, and White was soon followed by others. David Tothers made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. The following winter the settlers were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders upon the rights of the Indians. White's cabin was burned by the soldiers. He returned to Illinois, where he remained during the winter, and in the following summer, as soon as the Indian title was ex- tinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the town of Burlington in 1834, on a beautiful area of sloping eminences and gentle declivities, enclosed within a natural amphitheater 132 MISTOtiY OF IOWA. formed by the surrounding hills, which were crowned with luxuriant forests and presented the most picturesque scenery. The same autumn witnessed the opening of the first dry-goods stores by Dr. VV. R. Ross and Major Jeremiah Smith, each well sup- plied with Western merchandise. Such was the beginning of Burlington, which in less than four years became the seat of government for the Territory of Wisconsin, and in three years more contained a popu- lation of 1,400 persons. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in September, 1832, Colonel George Davenport made the first claim on the site of the present thriving city of Davenport. As early as 1827, Colonel Davenport had established a flat-boat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Missis- sippi. In 1833 Captain Benjamin W. Clark moved from Illinois, and laid the founda- tion of the town of Buffalo, in Scott Count)', which was the first actual settlement within the limits of that countv. The first settlers of Davenport were An- toine Le Claire, Colonel George Davenport, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gor- don, Philip Hambough, Alexander W. Mc- Gregor, Levi S. Golton, Captain James May and others. A settlement was made in Clayton Count)' in the spring of 1832, on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further settlement was made in this part of the State until 1836. The first settlers of Muscatine County were Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, all of whom came in 1834. E. E. Fay, William St. John. N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jonas Pettibone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whitney, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. Abernethy and Alexis Smith were also early settlers of Musca- tine. As early as 1824 a French trader named Hart had established a trading-post, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring now known as " Mynster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council Bluffs, and had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of the American Fur Company as " La Cote de Hart," or " Hart's Bluff." In 1827 an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broadway, and afterward settled there. In 1839 a block house was built on the bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawat- omie Indians occupied this part of the State until i846-'7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arri- val of the Mormons under the lead of Brig- ham Young. These people on their way westward halted for the winter of i846-'7, on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had reached the eastern bank of the river the spring before in season to plant a crop. In the spring of 1847 Brigham Young and a portion of the colony pursued their journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and settled mainlv within the present limits of Pottawatomie County. The principal settlement of this strange community was at a place first called " Miller's Hollow," on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in honor of Colonel Thomas L. Kane, of Pennsyl- vania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement extended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and water furnished de- sirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, law- yer and editor, was installed as president HISTORY OF IOWA. 133 of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State remained under Mormon con- trol for several years. In 1847 they raised a battalion numbering 500 men for the Mexican war. In 1848 Hyde started a paper called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, a f ter many of the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons in this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850,7,828; but they were not all within the limits of Pottawatomie County. This county was organized in 1848, all the first officials be- ing Mormons. In 1852 the order was pro- mulgated that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked in, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on board the steamer lone, arrived at the site of the present capital of the State, Des Moines. This was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River to this point. The troops and stores were landed at what is now the foot of Court avenue, and the Captain re- turned in the steamer to Fort Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time they too arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Rac- coon Fork, at its confluence with the Des Moines, and named "Fort Des Moines." Soon after the arrival of the troops, a trad- ing-post was established on the east side of the river by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Ben- jamin Bryant, J. B. Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kin- zie, Alexander Turner, Peter Newcomer and others. PIONEER LIFE. Most of the early settlers of Iowa came from older States, as Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio, where their prospects for even a competency were very poor. They found those States good — to emigrate from. Their entire stock of furniture, implements and family necessities were easily stored in one wagon, and sometimes a cart was their only vehicle. After arriving and selecting a suitable location, the next thing to do was to build a log cabin, a description of which may be interesting to many of our younger readers, as in some sections these old-time struct- ures are no more to be seen. Trees of uniform size were chosen and cut into logs of the desired length, generally twelve to fifteen feet, and hauled to the spot selected for the future dwelling. On an appointed day the few neighbors who were available would assemble and have a " house-raising." Each end of every log was saddled and notched so that they would lie as close down as possible; the next day the proprietor, would proceed to " chink " and " daub " the cabin, to keep out the rain, wind and cold. The house had to be re-daubed ev- ery fall, as the rains of the intervening time would wash out a great part of the mortar. The usual height of the house was seven or eight feet. The gables were formed by shortening the logs gradually at each end of the building near the top. The roof was made by laying very straight small logs or stout poles suitable distances apart, and on these were laid the clapboards, somewhat like shingling, generally about two and a half feet to the weather. These clapboards were fastened to their place by " weight- poles" corresponding in place with the joists just described, and these again were held in their place by " runs " or " knees " which were chunks of wood about eighteen or twenty inches long fitted between them near the ends. Clapboards were made from the nicest oaks in the vicinity, bv chopping or sawing them into four-foot blocks and riving these with a frow, which was a simple blade fixed at right angles to >34 HISTORY OF IOWA. its handles. This was driven into the blocks of wood by a mallet. As the frow was wrenched down through the wood, the latter was turned alternately over from side to side, one end being held by a forked piece of timber. The chimney to the Western pioneer's cabin was made by leaving in the original building a large open place in one wall, or by cutting one after the structure was up, and by building on the outside, from the ground up, a stone column, or a column of sticks and mud, the sticks being laid up cob house fashion. The fire-place thus made was often large enough to receive fire- wood six to eight feet long. Sometimes this wood, especially the " back-log," would be nearly as large as a saw-log. The more rapidly the pioneer could burn up the wood in his vicinity the sooner he had his little farm cleared and ready for cultivation. For a window, a piece about two feet long was cut out of one of the wall logs, and the hole closed, sometimes by glass but gener- ally with greased paper. Even greased deer- hide was sometimes used. A doorway was cut through one of the walls if a saw was to be had; otherwise the door would be left by shortened logs in the original building. The door was made by pinning clapboards to two or three wood bars, and was hung upon wooden hinges. A wooden latch, with catch, then finished the door, and the latch was raised by any one on the outside by pulling a leather string. For security at night this latch-string was drawn in, but for friends and neighbors, and even stran- gers, the"" latch-string was always hanging out," as a welcome. In the interior over the fire-place would be a shelf called " the mantel," on which stood a candlestick or lamp, some cooking and table ware, possi- bly an old clock, and other articles; in the fire-place would be the crane, sometimes of iron, sometimes of wood; on it the pots were nung for cooking; over the door, in forked cleats, hung the ever-trustful rifle and pow- der-horn; in one corner stood the larger bed for the " old folks," and under it the trundle-bed for the children; in another stood the old-fashioned spinning-wheel, with a smaller one by its side; in another the heavy table, the only table, of course, there was in the house; in the remaining was a rude cupboard holding the tableware, which consisted of a few cups and saucers, and blue-edged plates, standing singly on their edges against the back, to make the display of table-furniture more conspicu- ous; while around the room were scattered a few splint-bottom or Windsor chairs, and two or three stools. These simple cabins were inhabited by a kind and true-hearted people. They were strangers to mock modesty, and the traveler seeking lodging for the night, or desirous of spending a few days in the community, if willing to accept the rude offering, was always welcome, although how they were disposed of at night the reader might not easily imagine; for, as described, a single room was made to answer for kitchen, dining-room, sitting-room, bed-room and parlor, and many families consisted of six or eight members. The bed was very often made by fixing a post in the floor about six feet from one wall and four feet from the adjoining wall, and fastening a stick to this post about two feet above the floor, on each of two sides, so that the other end of each of the two sticks could be fastened in the oppo- site wall; clapboards were laid across these, and thus the bed was made complete. Guests were given this bed, while the fam- ily disposed of themselves in another cor- ner of the room or in the loft. When several guests were on hand at once they were sometimes kept over night in the fol- lowing manner: When bedtime came the men were requested to step out of doors while the women spread out a broad bed HIS TOR r OF IOWA. 135 upon the mid floor, and put themselves to bed in the center; the signal was given, and the men came in and each husband took his place in bed next his own wife, and single men outside beyond them again. They were generally so crowded that they had to lie " spoon " fashion, and whenever anyone wished to turn over he would say "spoon," and the whole company of sleep- ers would turn over at once. This was the only way they could all keep in bed. To witness the various processes of cook- ing in those days would alike surprise and amuse those who have grown up since cooking stoves and ranges came into use. Kettles were hung over the large fire, sus- pended with pot-hooks, iron or wooden, on the crane, or on poles, one end of which would rest upon a chain. The long-hand- led frying pan was used for cooking meat. It was either held over the blaze by hand or set down upon coals drawn out upon the hearth. This pan was also used for baking pancakes, also call flapjacks, batter- cakes, etc. A better article for this, how- ever, was the cast-iron spider, or Dutch skillet. The best thing for baking bread in those days, and possibly even in these latter days, was the flat-bottomed bake kettle, of greater depth, with closely fitting cast-iron cover, and commonly known as the Dutch oven. With coals over and under it, bread and biscuits would be quickly and nicely baked. Turkey and spare-ribs were sometimes roasted before the fire, sus- pended by a string, a dish being placed underneath to catch the drippings. Hominy and samp were very much used. The hominy, however, was generally hulled corn — boiled corn from which the hull or bran had been taken by hot lye, hence sometimes called lye hominy. True hom- iny and samp were made of pounded corn. A popular method of making this, as well as real meal for bread, was to cut out or burn a large hole in the top of a huge stump, in the shape of a mortar, and pound- ing the corn in this by a maul or beetle suspended by a swing pole like a well- sweep. This and the wellsweep consisted of a pole twenty to thirty feet long fixed in an upright fork so that it could be worked " teeter " fashion. It was a rapid and sim- ple way of drawing water. When the samp was sufficiently pounded it was taken out, the bran floated off, and the delicious grain boiled like rice. The chief articles of diet in an early day were corn bread, hominy or samp, venison, pork, honey, pumpkin (dried pumpkin for more than half the year), turkey, prairie chicken, squirrel and some other game, with a few additional vegetables a portion of the year. Wheat bread, tea, coffee and fruit were luxuries not to be indulged in except on special occasions, as when visit- ors were present. Besides cooking in the manner described, the women had many other arduous duties to perform, one of the chief of which was spinning. The big wheel was used for spinning yarn and the little wheel for spin- ning flax. These stringed instruments fur- nished the principal music for the family, and were operated by our mothers and grandmothers with great skill, attained without pecuniary expense, and with far less practice than is necessary for the girls of our period to acquire a skillful use of their costly and elegant instruments. But those wheels, indispensable a few years ago, are all now superseded by the mighty fac- tories which overspread the country, fur- nishing cloth of all kinds at an expense ten times less than would be incurred now by the old system. The traveler always found a welcome at the pioneer's cabin. It was never full. Although there might be already a guest for every puncheon, there was still " room for one more," and a wider circle would be made for the new-comer at the big fire. If Il6 HISTORY OF low A. the stranger was in search of land, he was doubly welcome, and his host would vol- unteer to show him all the " first rate claims in this neck of the woods," going with him for days, showing the corners and advan- tages of every " Congress tract " within a dozen miles of his own cabin. To his neighbors the pioneer was equally liberal. If a deer was killed, the choicest bits were sent to his nearest neighbor, a half-dozen miles away perhaps. When a pig was butchered, the same custom pre- vailed. If a new-comer came in too late for " cropping," the neighbors would sup- ply his table with just the same luxuries they themselves enjoyed, and in as liberal quantity, until a crop could be raised. When a new-comer had located his claim, the neighbors for miles around would assemble at the site of the proposed cabin and aid himin " gittin " it up. One party with axes would cut down the trees and hew the logs; another with teams would haul the logs to the ground; another party would "raise" the cabin; while several of the old men would rive the clap-boards for the roof. By night the little forest domicile would be up and ready for a " house-warming," which was the dedica- tory occupation pi the house, when music and dancing and festivity would be enjoyed- at full height. The next da}- the new-comer would be as well situated as his neighbors. An instance of primitive hospitable man- ners will be in place here. A traveling Methodist preacher arrived in a distant neighborhood to fill an appointment. The house where services were to be held did not belong to a church member, but no matter for thai. Boards were collected from all quarters with which to make temporary seats, one of the neighbors volunteering to lead off in the work, while the man of the house, with the faithful rifle on his shoulder, sallied forth in quest of meat, for this truly was a " ground hog " case, the preacher coming and no meat in the house. The host ceased not to chase until he found the meat, in the shape of a deer; returning he sent a boy out after it, with directions on what " pint " to find it. After services, which had been listened to with rapt atten- tion by all the audience, mine host said to his wife, " Old woman, I reckon this 'ere preacher is pretty hungry and you must git him a bite to eat." " What shall I get him?" asked the wife, who had not seen the deer, " thar's nuthen in the house to eat." " Why, look thar," returned he, " thar's a deer, and thar's plenty of corn in the field; you git some corn and grate it while I skin the deer, and we'll have a good supper for him." It is needless to add that venison and corn bread made a sup- per fit for any pioneer preacher, and was thankfully eaten. Fires set out by Indians or settlers some- times purposely and sometimes permitted through carelessness, would visit the prai- rie every autumn, and sometimes the for- ests, either in autumn or spring, and settlers could not always succeed in defending themselves against the destroying element. Many interesting incidents are related. Often a fire was started to bewilder game, or to bare a piece of ground for the early grazing of stock the ensuing spring, and it would get away under a wind and soon be beyond control. Violent winds would often arise and drive the flames with such rapidity that riders on the fleetest steeds could scarcely escape. On the approach of a prairie fire the farmer would immedi- ately set about " cutting off supplies" for the devouring enemy by a " back fire." Thus by starting a small fire near the bare ground about his premises, and keeping it under control next his property, he would burn off a strip around him and prevent the attack of the on-coming flames. A few furrows or a ditch around the farm were in some degrees a protection. HISTORT OF IOWA. 137 An original prairie of tall and exuberant grass on fire, especially at night, was a mag- nificent spectacle, enjoyed only by the pioneer. Here is an instance where the frontiersman, proverbially deprived of the sights and pleasures of an old community, is privileged far beyond the people of the present day in this country. One could scarcely tire of beholding the scene, as its awe-inspiring features seemed constantly to increase, and the whole panorama unceas- ingly changed like the dissolving views of a magic lantern, or like the aurora borealis. Language cannot convey, words cannot express, the faintest idea of the splendor and grandeur of such a conflagration at night. It was as if the pale queen of night, disdaining to take her accustomed place in the heavens, had dispatched myriads upon myriads of messengers to light their torches at the altar of the setting sun until all had flashed into one long and continuous blaze. One instance has been described as follows: " Soon the fires began to kindle wider and rise higher from the long grass; the gentle breeze increased to stronger currents, and soon formed the small, flickering blaze into fierce torrent flames, which curled up and leaped along in resistless splendor; and like quickly raising the dark curtain from the luminous stage, the scenes before me were suddenly changed, as if by a magi- cian's wand, into one boundless amphithea- ter, blazing from earth to heaven and sweeping the horizon round, — columns of lurid flames sportively mounting up to the zenith, and dark clouds of crimson smoke curling away and aloft till they nearly ob- scured stars and moon, while the rushing, crashing sounds, like roaring cataracts, mingled with distant thunders, were almost deafening; danger, death, glared all around; it screamed for victims; yet, notwithstand- ing the imminent peril of prairie fires, one is loth, irresolute, almost unable to with- draw or seek refujre. LOUISIANA TERRITORY. As before mentioned, although De Soto, a Spaniard, first took possession of the Mis- sissippi Valley for his Government, Spain did not establish her title to it by following up the proclamation with immediate settle- ments, and the country fell into the hands of France, by whose agent it was named " Louisiana." By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions in Hudson's Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, but retained Canada and Louisiana. In 171 1 this province was placed in the hands of a governor-general, with headquarters at Mobile, for the purpose of applying a new policy for the settlement and development of the country. The very next year ano- ther change was made, placing all this ter- ritory in the hands of Anthony Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, but this scheme also failed, as Spain continued to obstruct the efforts of any Frenchman to establish trade, by closing the ports against him. In 1717 John Law appeared on the scene with his famous " Mississippi Company," as the Louisiana branch of the Bank of France : and as his roseate scheme promised to do much in raising crippled France upon a surer footing, extended powers and privi- leges were granted him. He was to be practically a viceroy, and the life of his charter was fixed at twenty-five years. But in 1720, when the " Mississippi bubble" was at the height ot its splendor, it suddenly collapsed, leaving the mother country in a far worse condition than before. Heretofore Louisiana had been a sub- ordinate dependence, under the jurisdiction of the Governor-General of Canada. Early in 1723 the province of Louisiana was erected into an independent Government, and it was divided into nine districts, for civil and military purposes. Characteristic of human nature, the peo- ple were rao^e excited with prospects ot I3t HISTORY OF IOWA. finding enormous wealth ready at hand, if they should continue to scour the country, which they did in places as far west as the Rocky Mountains, to the neglect of their agricultural and domestic interests. A habit of roaming became fixed. At the same time their exposed condition was a constant temptation to Indian rapine, and the Nat- chez tribe in 1723 made a general assault upon the whites. At first they were re- pulsed, but about five years afterward, aided by the Chickasaws and others, they fell upon the French village of St. Catha- rine and massacred the whole male popu- lation. Two soldiers, who happened to be in the woods, alone escaped to New Or- leans, to bear the news. The colonies on the Yazoo and the Washita suffered the same fate. Maddened by these outrages, the whites turned upon the Natchez and in the course of three years exterminated them. They were probably the most in- telligent tribe of Indians north of Mexico. During the fifteen years from 1 7 1 7 to 1732 the province increased in population from 700 to 5,000, and in prosperity to a wonderful degree. It remained under royal governors until 1764, the end of the French dominion. Most of this time the Indians were troublesome, and in 1754 began the long "French and Indian war" with Eng- land, which resulted in favor of the latter, that Government obtaining all of New France, Canada, and the eastern half of Louisiana. This province did not suffer by being the scene of battle, but did suffer a great deal from a flood of irredeemable paper money. In the meantime the western portion, or residue, of this province was secretly promised to Spain ; but before either of the foreign powers had opportu- nity to rejoice long in their western posses- sions, a new power on earth, the United States, took independent possession of all the country except Louisiana and Florida, which it has maintained ever since. During the seventy years of French control the province of Louisiana increased in popula- tion from a few destitute fishermen to a flourishing colony of 13,540. St. Louis, Missouri, was started in 1764. Don O'Reilly, the new Governor of Loui- siana in 1764, ruled with a despotic hand, yet for the general advantage of the peo- ple. His successor, Don Antonio Maria Bucarelly, was mild, and he was succeeded January 1, 1777, by Don Bernard de Gal- vez, who was the last Governor. He sym- pathized with American independence. The British, with 140 troops and 1,400 Indians, invaded Upper Louisiana from the north by way of the Straits of Mackinaw, and in- vested St. Louis, Missouri, in 1780, but were driven off. When the Indians saw that they were led to fight " Americans" as well as Spaniards, they found that they had been deceived, and withdrew from the British army, and thus General George R. Clark, in behalf of the Americans, easily defended St. Louis, and also all the new settlements in this western country. After the Revolutionarv war the country began again to prosper. Governor Galvez, by a census, ascertained that Louisiana had in 1785 a population of about 33,000, exclu- sive of Indians. In the summer of the latter year Don Estavan Miro became Governor pro tern, of the Spanish possessions in this country, and was afterward confirmed as such by the king. During his administration a vain attempt was made by the Catholics to establish the inquisition at New Orleans. He was succeeded in 1792 by Baron de Carondelet, and during his term the Spanish colonies grew so rapidly that their Govern- ment became jealous of the United States and sought to exclude all interference from them in domestic affairs ; but all efforts in this direction were ended in 1795 by the treaty of Madrid, which, after some delay and trouble, was fully carried out in 1798. HISTORY OF IOWA. 139 Under the leadership of Livingston and Monroe, the United States Government, after various propositions had been dis- cussed by the respective powers, succeeded in effecting, in 1803, a purchase of the whole of Louisiana from France for $11,250,000, and all this country west of the great river consisted of the " Territory of Orleans " (now the State of Louisiana) and the " Dis- trict of Louisiana " (now the States of Ar- kansas, Missouri and Iowa, and westward indefinitely). The latter was annexed to the Territory of Indiana for one year, and in 1805 it was erected into a separate Terri- tory, of the second class, the legislative power being vested in the Governor and judges. Before the close of the year it was made a Territory of the first class, under the name of the " Territory of Louisiana," the Government being administered by the Governor and judges. The first Governor was James Wilkinson, and he was succeeded near the close of 1806 by Colonel Meri- weather Lewis, the seat of Government be- ing at St. Louis; and during his adminis- tration the Territory was divided into six judicial districts or large counties — St. Charles, St. Louis, St. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau, New Madrid and Arkansas. In 1 8 10 the population of Louisiana Territory was 21,000, five-sevenths of whom were in Arkansas. In 1812 the State of Louisiana was ad- mitted into the Union, and then it was deemed expedient to change the name of the Territory. It was accordingly given the name of " Missouri Territory," which it retained until the admission of the State of Missouri in 1821. IOWA TERRITORY. Although the " Northwestern Territory" — carved out of Virginia and now divided into the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin — never included Iowa, this State was in 1834 incorporated 12 into the "Territory of Michigan," and thus became subject to the ordinance of 1787; and two years later it was made a part of " Wisconsin Territory," and two years still later, in 1838, the "Territory of Iowa" was formed independently, with sixteen counties and a population of 23,000. In 1833, at Dubuque, a postoffice was established, and some time prior to 1834 one or two justices of the peace had been appointed. In 1834 the Territorial Legis- lature of Michigan created two counties west of the Mississippi — Dubuque and Des Moines — separated by a line drawn west- ward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were partially organized. John King was appointed " Chief Justice" of Du- buque County, and Isaac Leffler, of Bur- lington, of Des Moines County. Two associate justices in each county were ap- pointed by the Governor. In October, 1835, General George W. Jones, of Du- buque, was elected a delegate to Congress. April 20, 1836, through the efforts-of Gen- eral Jones, Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into operation July 4, that year. Iowa was then included in that Territory, of which General Henry Dodge was appointed Gov- ernor. The census of 1836 showed a popu- lation in Iowa of 10,531, of which 6,257 were in Des Moines County and 4,274 in Dubuque County. Ths first Legislature assembled at Bel- mont, Wisconsin, October 25, 1836; the second at Burlington, Iowa, November 9, 1837; and the third, also at the latter place, June 1, 1838. As early as 1837 the people of Iowa be- gan to petition Congress for a separate Territorial organization, which was granted June 12 following. Ex-Governor Lucas, of Ohio, was appointed by President Van Bu- ren to be the first Governor of the new Territory. Immediately upon his arrival he issued a proclamation for the election cf. T4o HISTORY OF IOWA. members of the first Territorial Legislature, to take place September 10. The following were elected : Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M. Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen Hempstead. House. — Wm. Patterson, Hawkins Tay- lor, Calvin J. Price, James Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler, Wm. G. Coop, Wm. H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, Wm. L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G Roberts, Laurel Summers, Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas Cox and Har- din Nowlin. At the session of the above Legislature Wm. W. Chapman was elected delegate to Congress. As the latter body had given the Governor unlimited veto power, and as Governor Lucas was disposed to exer- cise it arbitrarily, the independent " Hawk- eyes " grew impatient under his administra- tion, and, after having a stormy session for a time, they had Congress to limit the veto power. Great excitement also prevailed, both in the Legislature and among the people, concerning the question of the loca- tion of the seat of Government for the State. As they knew nothing concerning the great future development and extent of the State, they had no correct idea where the geographical center would or should be. The Black Hawk purchase, which was that strip of land next the Mississippi, in the southeastern part of the State, was the full extent and horizon of their idea of the new commonwealth. Hence they thought first only of Burlington or Mount Pleasant as the capital. Indeed, at that time, the Indians had possession of the rest of Iowa. But a few of the more shrewd foresaw that a more central location would soon be further to the north at least, if not west, and a point in Johnson County was ulti- mately decided upon. Commissioners, appointed by the Gov- ernor, selected the exact site, laid out a sec- tion of land into a town, sold lots and proceeded to erect the public buildings. The capitol was commenced in 1840 and Iowa City became thenceforward the capi- tal of the State. The fourth Legislative Assembly met at this place December 6, 1 841, but not in the new capitol building, as it was not yet ready. Being somewhat difficult to raise the necessary funds, the building was not completed for several years. The early Territorial Legislatures of Iowa laid the foundation for a very just and liberal Government, far in advance of what had ever been done before by any State. About this time a conflict arose between this Territory and Missouri concerning the boundary line between them. There was a difference of a strip eight or ten miles wide, extending from the Mississippi to the Missouri rivers, which each claimed. Mis- souri officers, attempting to collect taxes within the disputed territory, were arrested and confined in jail by Iowa sheriffs, and the respective Governors called out the militia, preparing for bloodshed. About 1,200 Iowa men enlisted, and 500 were act- ually armed and encamped in Van Buren County, ready to defend their Territory, when three prominent and able men were sent to Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment of the difficult}-. Upon their 2rrival, they found that the county commissioners of Clark Count}-, Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, and that Governor Boggs had dispatched messen- gers to the Governor of Iowa proposing to submit an agreed case to the Supreme Ill STORY OP IOWA. 141 Court of the United States for the settle- ment of the boundary question. This prop- osition was declined; but afterward, upon petition of Iowa and Missouri, Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy. The suit was duly instituted, and resulted in the decision that Iowa had only asserted " the truth of history," and she knew where the rapids of the Des Moines River were located. Thus ended the Missouri war. " There was much good sense," says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "in the basis upon which peace was secured, to-wit: ' If Missourians did not know where the rapids of the river Des Moines were located, that was no suffi- cient reason for killing them off with powder and lead; and if we did know a little more of history and geography than they did we ought not to be shot for our learning. We commend our mutual forbearance to older and greater people.' " Under an order from the Supreme Court of the United States commissioners surveyed and estab- lished the boundary. The expenses of the war, on the part of Iowa, were never paid, either by the United States or the Territo- rial Government. STATE ORGANIZATION AND SUBSEQUENT HISTORY. The population having become, by the year 1844, sufficient to justify the formation of a State Government, the Territorial Leg- islature of Iowa passed an act, approved February 12, that year, submitting to the people the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for the election of delegates to a convention to be called together for that purpose. The people voted upon this at their township elections in the following April, giving the measure a large majority. The elected delegates assembled in convention at Iowa City, October 7, 1844, and completed their work by November 1. Hon. Shepherd Leffler, the President of this convention, was instructed to transact a certified copy of the proposed Constitution to the Dele- gate in Congress, to be submitted by him to that body at the earliest practicable day. It also provided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. The Constitution, as thus prepared, fixed the boundaries of the State very differently from what were finally agreed upon. May 4, 1846, a second convention met at Iowa City, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution, prescribing the boundaries as they now are, was adopted. This was accepted by the people, August 3, by a vote of 9,492 to 9,036. The new Constitution was approved by Congress, and Iowa was admitted as a sovereign State in the American Union, December 28, 1846. The people of the State, antici- pating favorable action by Congress, held an election for State officers October 26 which resulted in Ansel Briggs being de- clared Governor; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secre- tary of State; Joseph T. Fales, Auditor; Morgan Reno, Treasurer; and members of the Senate and House of Representatives. The act of Congress which admitted Iowa gave her the 16th section of every township of land in the State, or its equiv- alent, for the support of schools; also seventy-two sections of land for the pur- pose of a university; also five sections of land for the completion of her public build- ings; also the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding twelve in number, with sec- tions of land adjoining each; also, in con- sideration that her public lands should be exempt from taxation by the State, she gave to the State five per cent, of the net proceeds of the sale of public lands within the State. Thus provided for as a bride with her marriage portion, Iowa com- 142 HT STORY OF IOWA. menced " housekeeping " upon her own account. A majority of the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1846 were of the Democratic party; and the instrument contains some of the peculiar tenets of the party at that day. All banks of issue were prohibited within the State. The State was prohibited from becoming a stockholder in an}- corporation for pecuniary profit, and the General As- sembly could only provide for private cor porations by general statutes. The Consti tution also limited the State's indebtedness to $100,000. It required the General As- sembly to provide public schools through- out the State for at least three months in the year. Six months' previous residence of any white male citizen of the United States constituted him an elector. At the time of organization as a State, Iowa had a population of 1 16,651, as appears by the census of 1 847. There were twenty- seven organized counties in the State, and the settlements were rapidly pushing to- ward the Missouri River. The first General Assembly was com- posed of nineteen Senators and forty Rep- resentatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30, 1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union, The most important business transacted was the passage of a bill authorizing a loan of $50,000 for means to run the State Gov- ernment and pay the expenses of the Con- stitutional conventions. The great excite- ment of the session, however, was the attempt to choose United States Senators. The Whigs had a majority of two in the House, and the Democrats a majority of one in the Senate. After repeated attempts to control these majorities for caucus nom- inees and frequent sessions of a joint con- vention for purposes of an election, the attempt was abandoned. A school law was passed at this session for the organization of public schools in the State. At the first session also arose the ques- tion of the re-location of the capital. The western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward the eastern and southern boundary of the State; this was conceded. Congress had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location of the seat of Government, involving to some extent the location of the State University, which had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to much discussion and parliamentary ma- neuvering, almost purely sectional in its character. It provided for the appointment of three commissioners, who were author- ized to make a location as near the geo- graphicai center of the State as a healthy and eligible site could be obtained; to select the five sections of land donated by Con- gress; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the land so se- lected, etc. Soon after, by " An act to locate and establish a State University," approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, together with ten acres of land on which they were situated, were granted for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by law. When the report of the commissioners, showing their financial operations, had been read in the House of Representa- tives, at the next session, and while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select committee of five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Mon- roe was under water, and how much was burned." The report was referred with- out the instructions, but Monroe City never became the seat of Government. Bv an HISTORY OF IOWA. i43 act approved January 15, 1S49, the law by which the location had been made was re- pealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchasers of lots being re- funded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of Government at Iowa City, and precluded for the time the occupation of the building and grounds by the University. After the adjournment of the first Gen- eral Assembly', the Governor appointed Joseph Williams, Chief Justice, and George Green and John F. Kinney, Judges of the Supreme Court. They yvere afteryvard elected by the second General Assembly, and constituted the Supreme Court until 1855, with the exception that Kinney re- signed in January, 1854, and J. C. Hall, of Burlington, was appointed in his place. At this session Charles Mason, William G. Woodyvard and Stephen Hempstead were appointed commissioners to prepare a code of layvs for the State. Their work was finished in 1850 and was adopted by the General Assembly. This " code" con- tained among other provisions a code of civil practice, superseding the old common- law forms of actions and yvrits, and it was admirable for its simplicity and method. It remained in force until 1863, yvhen it was superseded by the more complicated and metaphysical system of the revision of that year. The first Representatives in Congress were S. Clinton Hastings, of Muscatine, and Shepherd Leffler, of Des Moines County. The second General Assembly elected to the United States Senate Au- gustus Ceesar Dodge and George W. Jones. The State government, after the first ses- sion, yvas under the control of Democratic administrations till 1855. The electoral vote of the State yvas cast for Leyvis Cass in 1848, and for Franklin Pierce in 1852. The popu- lar vote shoyvs that the Free-Soil element of the State during this period very nearly held the balance of power, and that up to 1854 it acted in the State elections to some extent with the Democratic party. In 1858 Leyvis Cass received 12,093 votes, Zachary Taylor 11,034, and Martin Van Buren, the Free-Soil candidate, 1,226 votes, being 167 less than a majority for Cass. In 1852 Pierce received 17,762 votes, Scott 15,855, and Hale, Free-Soil, 1,606, being for Pierce 301 votes more than a majority. The question of the permanent location of the seat of government yvas not settled, and in 185 1 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to Pella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the majority, but yvas finally lost in the House on the question of order- ing it to its third reading. At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and on first vote was just barely defeated. At the next session, hoyvever, the effort was more successful, and January 15, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital yvithin two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appointment of commissioners, was approved by Governor Grimes. The site was selected in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated to the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An asso- ciation of citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at a nominal rent. The passage by Congress of the act or- ganizing the Territories of Kansas and Ne- braska, and the provision it contained abro- gating that portion of the Missouri bill that prohibited slavery and involuntary servi- tude north of 36 30' yvas the beginning of a political revolution in the Northern States, and in none yvas it more marked than in the State of Ioyva. Iowa yvas the " first free child born of the Missouri Compromise," and has always resented the destruction of her foster parent. '44 HISTORY OF IOWA. The year 1856 marked a new era in the his- tory of Iowa. In 1854 the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In the same year the corner- stone of a railroad bridge that was to be the first to span the " Father of Waters," was laid with appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enterprise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis re- pented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating Iowa's example. Jan- uary 1, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Mississippi — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were be- ing extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four other lines of railroads had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, having eastern connections. May 15, 1856, Congress passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the con- struction of railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed to com- plete these enterprises. The population of Iowa was now 500,000. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a rail- road across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and center of the republic, on the route of this great high- way of the continent, began to attract atten- tion. Cities and towns sprang up through the State as if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been em- ployed in developing the vast coal measures and establishing manufactories, or if it had been expended in improving the lands, and in building houses and barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the spirit of speculation ruled the hour. In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of the rail- roads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount. Thus enormous county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these mu- nicipalities tried to avoid, upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limitation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these bonds to be valid, and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments re- covered upon them. These debts are not all paid, even to this day ; but the worst is over, and the incubus is in the course of ultimate extinction. The most valuable lessons are those learned in the school of experience, and accordingly the corpora- tions of Iowa have ever since been noted for economy. In 1856 the popular vote was as follows: Fremont, 43,954; Buchanan, 36,170, and Fillmore, 9,180. This was 1,296 less than a majority for Fremont. The following year an election was held, after an exciting cam- paign, for State officers, resulting in a ma- jority of 1,406 for Ralph P. Lowe, the Re- publican nominee. The Legislature was largely Republican in both branches. One of the most injurious results to the State, arising from the spirit of speculation prevalent in 1856, was the purchase and entry of great bodies of Government land within the State by non-residents. This land was held for speculation and placed beyond the reach of actual settlers for many years. From no other one cause has Iowa suffered so much as from the short-sighted HISTORY OF IOWA. MS policy of the Federal Government in selling lands within her borders. The money thus obtained by the Federal Government has been comparatively inconsiderable. The value of this magnificent public do- main to the United States was not in the few thousands of dollars she might exact from the hardy settlers, or that she might obtain from the speculator who hoped to profit by the settlers' labors in improving the country. Statesmen should have taken a broader and more comprehensive view of national economy, and a view more in har- mony with the divine economy that had prepared these vast fertile plains of the West for the " homes of men and the seats of empire." It was here that new States were to be builded up, that should be the future strength of the nation against foreign invasion or home revolt. A single regi- ment of Iowa soldiers during the dark days of the Rebellion was worth more to the nation than all the money she ever exacted from the toil and sweat of Iowa's early settlers. Could the statesmen of forty years ago have looked forward to this dav, when Iowa pays her $1,000,000 annually into the treasury of the nation for the ex- tinction of the national debt, the}' would have realized that the founding of new States was a greater enterprise than the re- tailing of public lands. In January, 1857, another Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City, which framed the present State Constitution. One of the most pressing demands for this con- vention grew out of the prohibition of banks under the old Constitution. The practical result of this prohibition was to flood the State with every species of " wild- cat" currency. The new Constitution made ample pro- visions for home banks under the super- vision of our own laws. The limitation of the State debt was enlarged to $250,000, and the corporate indebtedness of the cities and counties was also limited to 5 percent. upon the valuation of their taxable property. The judges of the Supreme Court were to be elected by the popular vote. The per- manent seat of government was fixed at Des Moines, and the State University lo- cated at Iowa City. The qualifications of electors remained the same as under the old Constitution, but the schedule provided for a vote of the people upon a separate propo- sition to strike the word " white" out of the suffrage clause, which, had it prevailed, would have resulted in conferring the right of suffrage without distinction of color. Since the early organization of Iowa there had been upon the statute book a law pro- viding that no negro, mulatto nor Indian should be a competent witness in any suit or proceeding to which a white man was a party. The General Assembly of i856-'7 repealed this law, and the new Constitution contained a clause forbidding such disquali- fication in the future. It also provided for the education of " all youth of the State " through a system of common schools. This Constitution was adopted at the ensuing election by a vote of 40,311 to 38,681. October 19, 1857, Governor Grimes issued a proclamation declaring the city of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and continued through the fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude; there was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually disagreeable. Rain, snow and oHier accompaniments increased the difficulties; and it was not until Decem- ber that the last of the effects, — the safe of the State Treasurer, loaded on two large " bob sleds " drawn by ten yokes of oxen, — was deposited in the new capitol. It is not imprudent now to remark that during this passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, the safes belonging to the several depart- t 4 r> HISTORY OF IOWA. merits contained large sums of money, mostly individual funds, however. Thus Iowa City ceased to be the capital of the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three Constitu- tional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange, the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the university, and, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immediate and direct control of the trustees of that institution. Des Moines was now the permanent seat of govern- ment, made so by the fundamental law of the State, and January u, 1858, the Sev- enth General Assembly convened at the new capitol. The citizens' association, which built this temporary building, bor- rowed the money of James D. Eads, Super- intendent of Public Instruction, and leased it to the State. In 1864 the State pur- chased the building. At the session of the General Assembly in 1858, James W. Grimes was elected United States Senator as successor to George W. Jones. During the years i858-'6o, the Sioux Indians became troublesome in the north- western part of the State. They made fre- quent raids for the purpose of plunder, and on several occasions murdered whole fami- lies of settlers. ' In 1861 several companies of militia were ordered to that portion of the State, to hunt down and expel the thieves. No battles were fought. The Indians fled as soon as they ascertained that systematic measures had been adopted for their punishment. PATRIOTISM. The Presidential campaign of i860 was' the most remarkable and exciting of all in the history of Iowa. The fact that civil war might be inaugurated and was threat- ened, in case Mr. Lincoln was elected, was well understood and duly considered. The people of Iowa indulged in no feeling of hatred or ill-will toward the people of any State or section of the Union. There was, however, on the part of the majority, a cool determination to consider and decide upon our national relations to this institu- tion of slavery, uninfluenced by any threat of violence or civil war. The popular vote of Iowa gave Mr. Lincoln 70,409; Stephen A. Douglas, 55,011; Breckenridge, 1,048. The General Assembly of the State ot Iowa, as early as 185 1, had by joint resolu- tion declared that the State of Iowa was " bound to maintain the union of these States by all the means in her power." The same year the State furnished a block of marble for the Washington monument at the national capital, and by order of the Gen- eral Assembly there was inscribed upon its enduring surface the following: " Iowa: Her affections, like the rivers of her borders, flow to an inseparable Union." The time was now approaching in her history when these declarations of attachment and fidelity to the nation were to be put to a practical test. The declaration of Mr. Buchanan's last annual message, that the nation possessed no constitutional power to coerce a seced- ing State, was received by a great majority of our citizens with humiliation and dis- trust. Anxiously they awaited the expiring hours of his administration, and looked to the incoming President as to an expected deliverer that should rescue the nation from the hands of traitors, and the control of those whose non-resistance invited her destruction. The firing upon the national flag at Sumter aroused a burning indigna- tion throughout the loyal States of the re- public, and nowhere was it more intense than in Iowa; and when the proclamation of the President was published, April 15, 1861, calling for 75,000 citizen soldiers to " maintain the honor, the integrity, and the existence of our national Union, and the perpetuity of popular government," HISTORT OF IOWA. U7 the good people of Iowa were more than willing to respond to the call. Party lines gave way, and for a while, at least, party spirit was hushed, and the cause of our common country was supreme in the affections of the people. Peculiarly fort- unate were the citizens of Iowa at this crisis, in having a truly representative man, Samuel J. Kirkwood, as executive of the State. Within thirty days after the date of the President's call for troops, the first Iowa regiment was mustered into the service of the United States, a second regiment was in camp ready for the service, and the General Assembly of the State was con- vened in special session, and had by joint resolution solemnly pledged every resource of men and money to the national cause. The Constitution of Iowa limited the State debt to $250,000, except debts con- tracted to " repel invasion, suppress insur- rection, or defend the State in war." The General Assembly authorized a loan of $800,000 for a war and defense fund, to be expended in organizing, arming, equipping and subsisting the militia of the State to meet the present and future requisitions of the President. Those in power looked to the spirit rather than to the letter of the Constitution, and acted upon the theory that to preserve the nation was to pre- serve the State, and that to prevent in- vasion was the most effectual means of repelling it. A few, however, in both branches of the General Assembly were more careful of the letter of the Constitu- tion. Three votes in the Senate and sev- enteen in the House were cast against the loan bill. These bonds were at 7 per cent, interest. Only $300,000 were ever issued, and they were purchased and held chiefly by our own citizens. At this crisis James W. Grimes and James Harlan were in the United States Senate, and General Samuel R. Curtis and General Vandeverin 13 the House of Representatives. During the first year of the war, Iowa furnished sixteen regiments of infantry, six of cavalry and three batteries, — in all, 22,000 soldiers. Iowa had no refuse population to enlist as " food for powder." Her cities contained none of that element found about the pur- lieus of vice in the great centers of popu- lation. Her contribution to the armies of the republic was a genuine offering of manhood and patriotism. From her fields, her workshops, her counting-houses, her offices, and the halls of her schools and colleges, she contributed the best muscle, sinew and brain of an industrious, enter- prising and educated people. The first regiment of Iowa soldiers fought the bat- tle of Wilson's Creek after their term ot enlistment had expired, and after they were entitled to a discharge. The} 7 were citi- zen soldiers, each of whom had a persona- interest in the struggle. It was to them no question of enlistment, of bounty or of pay. When the gallant General Lyon placed himself at their head, and told them that the honor of Iowa and of the nation was in their hands, he addressed men who knew what the appeal meant, and to whom such an appeal was never made in vain. At the fall election of 1861, partv spirit had revived; and the contest for the control of the State administration was warm and earnest. Dissensions arose in both parties but the election resulted in a majority of 16,600 votes for Kirkwood, who was thus retained as Governor of Iowa. In 1863 the Republicans elected their candidate for Governor, William M. Stone, by a ma- jority of 29,000. Meanwhile the General Assembly had passed a law authorizing the " soldiers' vote," that is, citizens of the State in the volunteer military service of the United States, whether within or without the limits of the State, were authorized to open a poll on the day of the election, and to make re- i 4 8 history of iowa. turn of their votes to the proper civil au- thorities. In the Presidental contest of 1864 the popular vote at home was as follows: Lincoln, 72,122; McClellan, 47,- 703. The soldier vote returned was: Lin- coln, 16,844; McClellan, 1,883. The General Assembly did all in its power to encourage enlistment and to pro- tect the soldiers in the field and their fami- lies at home. Statutes were enacted sus- pending all suits against soldiers in the service, and all writs of execution or attach- ment against their property; and count)' boards of supervisors were authorized to vote bounties for enlistments, and pecuni- ary aid to the families of those in the serv- ice. The spirits of our people rose and fell, according to the success of the Union armies. One day the bells rung out with joy for the surrender of Vicksburg, and again the air seemed full of heaviness be- cause of our defeats on the Peninsula; but through all these dark and trying days, the faith of the great majority never wavered. The Emancipation Proclamation of the President was to them an inspiration of a new hope. In the Adjutant's department at Des Moines are preserved the shot-riddled col- ors and standards of Iowa's regiments. Upon them, by special authority, were inscribed from time to time during the war the names of the battle-fields upon which these regiments gained distinction. These names constitute the geographical nomen- clature of two-thirds of the territory lately in rebellion. From the Des Moines River to the Gulf, from the Mississippi to the Atlantic, in the Mountains of West Virginia and in the valley of the Shenandoah, the Iowa soldier made his presence known and felt, and maintained the honor of the State, and the cause of the nation. They were with Lyon at Wilson's Creek; with Tuttle at Donelson. They fought with Sigel and with Curtis at Pea Ridge; with Crocker at Champion Hills; with Reid at Shiloh. They were with Grant at the surrender of Vicksburg. They fought above the clouds with Hooker at Lookout Mountain. They were with Sherman in his march to the sea, and were ready for battle when Johnston surrendered. They were with Sheridan in the valley of the Shenandoah, and were in the veteran ranks of the nation's deliverers that stacked their arms in the national cap- itol at the close of the war. The State furnished to the armies of the republic, during the war, over 70,000 men, and 20,000 of these perished in battle or from diseases contracted in the service. We append here a brief notice of each regiment : The First Regiment was organized under the President's first call for three-months volunteers, with John Francis Bates, of Du- buque, as Colonel. It comprised various independent military companies that had been organized before the war, who ten- dered their services even before the break- ing out of hostilities. They were mustered in May 14, and first saw service under General Lyon in Missouri. Second Infantry ; Samuel R. Curtis, of Keokuk, Colonel. This was the first three- years regiment, and made a most distin- guished record throughout the South, go- ing with Sherman to the sea, returning through the Carolinas, etc. After the battle at Fort Donelson, the unenthusiastic General Halleck pronounced this regiment "the bravest of the brave." Third Infantry; Nelson G. Williams, of Dubuque County, Colonel. Veteranized in 1864, but before the new officers received their commissions the regiment fought itself out of existence at the battle of Atlanta ! Fourth Infantry ; G. M. Dodge, of Coun- cil Bluffs, Colonel. Engaged in the prin- cipal battles of the South. Fifth Infantry ; William H. Worthington, of Keokuk, Colonel; 180 veteranized in H1STORT OF IOWA. 149 1864 and were transferred to the Fifth Cavalry. Sixth Infantry ; John A. McDowell, of Keokuk, Colonel. Engaged faithfully in many of the prominent battles. Seventh Infantry ; J. G. Lauman, of Bur- lington, Colonel. It lost 227 at the single battle of Belmont. Eighth Infantry ; Frederick Steele, of the regular arm}', Colonel. Most of this com- mand suffered in rebel prisons for eight months. Was on duty in Alabama nearly a year after the collapse of the Rebellion. Ninth Infantry; William Vandever, of Dubuque, Colonel. Was in almost every Southern State, traveling altogether 10,000 miles ; marched more than 4,000 miles ! Tenth Infantry ; Nicholas Persczel, of Davenport, Colonel. Fought mainly in Mississippi ; losing half its number at the battle of Champion Hills alone ! Eleventh Infantry ; A. M. Hare, of Mus- catine, Colonel. Served mainly in the in- terior of the South, doing as valiant service as any other regiment. Twelfth Infantry ; J. J. Wood, ol Maquo- keta, Colonel. In rebel prisons eight months. Veteranized January 4, 1864, a larger proportion of the men re-enlisting than from any other Iowa regiment. Served for several months after the close of the war. Thirteenth Infantry; M. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, Colonel. Fought in the South- ern interior and made the famous round with Sherman to the sea, being the first to enter Columbia, South Carolina, where se- cession had its rise. Fourteenth Infantry; William T. Shaw, of Anamosa, Colonel. Nearly all captured at Shiloh, but were released after a few months. Engaged in some of the severest contests. Fifteenth Infantry; Hugh T. Reid, of Keokuk, Colonel. Served three and a half years in the heart of the Rebellion. Sixteenth Infantry ; Alex. Chambers, of the regular army, Colonel. Bravely served throughout the South. Seventeenth Infantry; John W. Rankin, of Keokuk, Colonel. Served in the in- terior of the South. Eighteenth Infantry; John Edwards, of Chariton, Colonel. Much of its time was spent in garrison duty. Nineteenth Infantry ; Benjamin Crabb, of Washington, Colonel. Served mainly in Mississippi. Were prisoners of war about ten months. Twentieth Infantry, comprising five com- panies each from Scott and Linn counties, who vied with each other in patriotism; William M. Dye, of Marion, Colonel. En- gaged mainly on the Gulf coast. Twenty-first Infantry ; ex-Governor Sam- uel Merrill, Colonel. Distinguished in val- iant service throughout the South. See Twenty-third Regiment. Twenty-second Infantry ; William M. Stone, of Knoxville, since Governor of the State, was Colonel. Did excellent service, all the way from Mississippi to old Virginia. Twenty-third Infantry ; William Dewey, of Fremont County, Colonel. Its services were mainly in Mississippi. At Black River but a few minutes were required in carry- ing the rebel works, but those few minutes were fought with fearful loss to the troops. The Twenty-first also participated in this daring assault, and immediately after the victory was gained General Lawler passed down the line and joyfully seized every man by the hand, so great was his emotion. Twenty-fourth Infantry ; the " Iowa Temperance Regiment," was raised by Eber C. Byam, of Linn County. Engaged mainly in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Twenty-fifth Infantry ; George A. Stone, of Mt. Pleasant, Colonel. " To the sea." Twenty-sixth Infantry ; Milo Smith, of Clinton, Colonel. Took part in many great battles. 15° } II STORY OF tOW A. Twenty-seventh Infantry ; James I. Gil- bert, of Lansing, Colonel. On duty all the way from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. Twenty-eighth Infantry ; William E. Miller, of Iowa City, Colonel. Service, in ♦he region of the Lower Mississippi. Twenty-ninth Infantry ; Thomas H. Ben- ton, Jr., of Council Bluffs, Colonel. Sta- tioned in Arkansas. Thirtieth Infantry ; Charles B. Abbott, of Louisa County, Colonel. In the thickest of the war, coming home loaded with honors. Thirty-first Infantry ; William Smyth, of Marion, Colonel. Returned from its many hard-fought battles in the interior of the South with only 370 men out of 1,000 en- listed. Thirty-second Infantry; John Scott, of Nevada, Colonel. Engaged in a number of battles. Thirty-third Infantry ; Samuel A. Rice, a popular politician of Central Iowa, Colo- nel. Served from Arkansas to Alabama. Thirty-fourth Infantry; George W.Clark, of Indianola, Colonel. Traveled 15,000 miles in its service ! Thirty-fifth Infantry ; S. G. Hill, of Mus- catine, Colonel. Served bravely in a dozen battles, and traveled 10,000 miles. Thirty-sixth Infantry ; Charles W. Kitt- redge, of Ottumwa, Colonel. Suffered a great deal from sickness— small-pox, measles, malaria, etc. Thirty-seventh Infantry, the "Gray- Beard Regiment," being composed of men over forty-five years of age, and was the only one of its kind in the war. Garrison and post duty. Thirty-eighth Infantry; D. H. Hughes, of Decorah, Colonel. Most unfortunate of all in respect of sickness, 300 dying during the first two years. Thirty-ninth Infantry ; H. J. B. Cum- mings, of Winterset, Colonel. One of the most distinguished regiments in the field. Fortieth Infantry ; John A. Garrett, ot Newton, Colonel. Forty-first Infantry was not completed, and the three companies raised for it were attached to the Seventh Cavalry. There were no regiments numbered Forty-second or Forty-third. Forty-fourth Infantry for 100 days; Stephen H. Henderson, Colonel. Garrison dutv in Tennessee. Forty-fifth Infantry, for 100 days; A. H. Bereman, of Mt. Pleasant, Colonel. Garri- son duty in Tennessee. Forty-sixth Infantry, for 100 days; D. B. Henderson, of Clermont, Colonel. Garri- son duty in Tennessee. Forty-seventh Infantry, for 100 days ; James P. Sanford, of Oskaloosa, Colonel. Stationed at the sickly place of Helena, Arkansas. Forty-eighth Infantry (battalion), for 100 days; O. H. P. Scott, of Farmington, Lieu- tenant-Colonel. Guarded prisoners on Rock Island. First Cavalry ; Fitz Henry Warren, of Burlington, Colonel. Served for three years, mainly along the Lower Mississippi. Second Cavalry ; W. L. Elliott, a Cap- tain in the Third Cavalry of the regular army, Colonel. Fought faithfully in many important battles in Tennessee and Missis- sippi. Third Cavalry ; Cyrus Bussey, of Broom- field, Colonel. Distinguished in war. Fourth Cavalry; A. B. Porter, of Mt. Pleasant, Colonel. Participated with zeal and judgment in the hottest of battles in Tennessee and Mississippi. Fifth Cavalry, only in part an Iowa regi- ment ; William W. Lowe, of the regular arm)', Colonel. Distinguished in the hotly contested battles of Tennessee and vicinity. Sixth Cavalry ; D. S. Wilson, of Du- buque, Colonel. Served against the In- dians. Seventh Cavalry ; S. W. Summers, of HISTORY OF IOWA 151 Ottumwa, Colonel. Served against the Indians. Eighth Cavalry ; Joseph B. Dorr, of Du- buque, Colonel. Served faithfully in guard- ing Sherman's communications, etc. Ninth Cavalry; M. M. Trumbull, of Cedar Falls, Colonel. Scouting, guard and garrison duties in Arkansas. First Battery of Light Artillery ; C. H. Fletcher, of Burlington, Captain. Served in Arkansas and Tennessee. Second Battery ; Nelson I. Spoor, of Council Bluffs, Captain. Engaged at Farm- ington, Corinth and other places. Third Battery ; M. M. Hayden, of Du- buque, Captain. Engaged at Pea Ridge, and in other important battles. Fourth Battery ; on duty most of the time in Louisiana. Iowa Regiment of Colored Troops ; John G. Hudson, of Missouri, Colonel. Garrison duty at St. Louis and elsewhere. Northern Border Brigade ; James A. Sawyer, of Sioux City, Colonel. Protected the Northwestern frontier. Southern Border Brigade ; protected the southern border of the State. The following promotions were made by the United States Government from Iowa regiments : To the rank of Major-General — Samuel R.Curtis, Frederick Steele, Frank J. Herron and Grenville M. Dodge ; to that of Brigadier-General — Jacob G. Lauman, James M. Tuttle, W. L. Elliott, Fitz Henry Warren, Charles L. Matthies, William Van- dever, M. M. Crocker, Hugh T. Reid, Samuel A. Rice, John M. Corse, Cyrus Bussey, Edward Hatch, Elliott W. Rice, William W. Belknap, John Edwards, James A. Williamson, James I. Gilbert and Thomas J. McKean; Corse, Hatch, Belknap, Elliott and Vandever were brevetted Major- Generals ; brevetted Brigadier-Generals — William T. Clark, Edward F. Winslow, S. G. Hill, Thomas H. Benton, S. S. Glasgow, Clark R. Weaver, Francis M, Drake, George A. Stone, Datus E. Coon, George W. Clark, Herman H. Heath, J. M. Hed- rick and W. W. Lowe. IOWA SINCE THE WAR. The two principal events of political in- terest in this State since the war have been the popular contests concerning woman suffrage and the liquor traffic. In the popular elections the people gave a ma- jority against the former measure, but in favor of prohibiting the sale or manufact- ure of intoxicating liquors. A list of State officers to date is given on a subsequent page. The last vote for Governor, October 9, 1883, stood as fol- lows: For Buren R. Sherman, Republican, 164,141 ; L. G. Kinne, Democrat, 140,032, and James B. Weaver, National Green- back, 23,093. STATE INSTITUTIONS. The present capitol building is a beauti- ful specimen of modern architecture. Its dimensions are, in general, 246 x 364 feet, with a dome and spire extending up to a height of 275 feet. In 1870 the General Assembly made an appropriation, and pro- vided for the appointment of a board of com- missioners to commence the work of build- ing. They were duly appointed and pro- ceeded to work, laying the corner-stone with appropriate ceremonies, November 23, 1S71. The structure is not yet completed. When finished it will have cost about $3,500,000. The State University, at Iowa City, was established there in 1858, immediately after the removal of the capital to Des Moines. As had already been planned, it occupied the old capitol building. As early as Janu- ary, 1849, two branches of tne university were established — one at Fairfield and one at Dubuque. At Fairfield, the board of directors organized and erected a building at a cost of $2,500. This was nearly de- stroyed by a hurricane the following year, 152 HISTORY OF IOWA. but was rebuilt more substantially by the citizens of Fairfield. This branch never received any aid from the State, and Janu- ary 24, 1853, at the request of the board, the General Assembly terminated its rela- tion to the State. The branch at Dubuque had only a nominal existence By act of Congress, approved July 20, 1840, two entire townships of land were set apart in this State for the support of a university. The Legislature of this State placed the management of this institution in the hands of a board of fifteen trustees, five to be chosen (by the Legislature) every two years, the superintendent of public instruction to be president of the board. This board was also to appoint seven trus- tees for each of the three normal schools, to be simultaneously established — one each at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mt. Pleasant. One was never started at the last-named place, and after a feeble existence for a short time the other two were discontin- ued. The university itself was closed dur- ing i8S9-'6o, for want of funds. The law department was established in June, 1868, and soon afterward the Iowa Law School at Des Moines, which had been in successful operation for three years, was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the department. The medical d epartment was established in 1869; and in 1874 a chair of military instruction was added. Since April 11, 1870, the government of the university has been in the hands of a board of regents. The present faculty comprises forty-two professors, and the attendance 560 students. The State Normal School is located at Cedar Falls, and was opened in 1876. It has now a faculty of nine members, with an attendance of 301 pupils. The State Agricultural College is located at Ames, in Story County, being established by the legislative act of March 23, 1858. In 1862 Congress granted to Iowa 240,000 acres of land for the endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanic arts. The main building was completed in 1868, and the institution opened the following year. Tuition is free to pupils from the State over sixteen years of age. The college farm comprises 860 acres, of which a major portion is in cultivation. Professors, twen- ty-two; scholars, 319. The Deaf and Dumb Institute was estab- lished in 1855, at Iowa City, but was after- ward removed to Council Bluffs, to a tract of ninety acres of land two miles south of that city. In October, 1870, the main build- ing and one wing were completed and occupied. In February, 1877, ^ re destroyed the main building and east wing, and dur- ing the summer following a tornado par- tially demolished the west wing. It is at present (1885) manned with fifteen teachers, and attended by 292 pupils. The College for the Blind has been at Vin- ton since 1862. Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, a fine scholar, who had founded the Institution for the Blind, at Jacksonville, Illinois, commenced as early as 1852 a school of instruction at Keokuk. The next year the institution was adopted by the State and moved to Iowa City, with Prof. Bacon as principal. It was moved thence, in 1862, to Vinton. The building was erected and the college manned at vast expenditure of money. It is said that $282,000 were ex- pended upon the building alone, and that it required an outlay of $5,000 a year to heat it, while it had accommodations for 130 in- mates. At present, however, they have accommodations for more pupils, with an attendance of 132. There are eleven teach- ers. The annual legislative appropriation is$S,ooo, besides $128 per year for each pupil. The first#Iowa Hospital for the Insane was established by an act of the Legislature approved January 24, 1855. It islocated at Mt. Pleasant, where the building was com- HIS TORT OF IOWA. 153 pleted in 1861, at a cost of $258,555. Within the first three months 100 patients were ad- mitted, and before the close of October, 1877, an aggregate of 3,684 had been ad- mitted. In April, 1876, a portion of the building was destroyed by fire. At this in- stitution there are now ninety-four superin- tendents and assistants, in charge of 472 patients. Another Hospital for the Insane, at Inde- pendence, was opened May 1, 1873, in a building which cost $88,1 14. The present number of inmates is 580, in the care of 1 1 1 superintendents and employes. The Soldiers' Orphans' Home is located at Davenport. It was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the late war, who called a convention for the purpose at Mus- catine, September 7, 1863, and uly 13 fol- lowing the institution was opened in a brick building at Lawrence, Van Buren County. It was sustained by voluntary contributions until 1866, when the State took charge of it. The Legislature provided at first for three " homes." The one in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, an old hotel build- ing being fitted up for it, and by the follow- ing January there were ninety-six inmates. In October, 1S69, the Home was removed to a large brick building about two miles west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosper- ous for several years ; but in 1876 the Leg- islature devoted this building to the State Normal School, and the buildings and grounds of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Glenwood, Mills County, to an institution for the support of feeble-minded children, and also provided for the removal of the soldiers' orphans at the Glenwood and Cedar Falls homes to the institution at Davenport. The latter has now in charge 169 orphans. The Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, referred to above, is at Glenwood, estab- lished by the Legislature in March, 1876. The institution was opened September 1, following, with a few pupils ; but now the attendance is 215, in the care of four teach- ers. This asylum is managed by three trus- tees, one of whom must be a resident of that county, Mills. The first penitentiary was established in 1 841, near Fort Madison, its present loca- tion. The cost of the original building was $55,934, and its capacity was sufficient for 138 convicts. At present there are at this prison 364 convicts, in charge of forty-three employes. The penitentiary at Anamosa was estab- lished in i872-'3. It now has 239 convicts and thirty-four employes. The boys' reform school was permanently located at Eldora, Hardin County, in 1872. For the three years previous it was kept at the building of the Iowa Manual Labor In- stitute at Salem, Henry County. Only boys between seven and sixteen years of age are admitted. Credit of time for good conduct is given, so that occasionally one is discharged before he is of age. There are now (1885) 201 pupils here. The "girls' department" is at Mitchell- ville, similarly managed. Inmates, eighty- three. The State Historical Society is in part supported by the State, the Governor ap- pointing nine of the eighteen curators. This society was provided for in connection with the University, by legislative act of January 28, 1857, and it has published a series of valuable collections, and a large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers. The State Agricultural Society is con- ducted under the auspices of the State, and is one of the greatest promoters of the welfare of the people among all the State organizations. It holds an annual fair at Des Moines, and its proceedings are also published annually, at the expense of the State. The Fish-Hatching House has been sue- 154 HISTORY OF IOWA. cessfully carrying on its good work since its establishment in 1874, near Anamosa. Three fish commissioners are appointed, one for each of the three districts into which the State is for the purpose divided. The State Board of Health, established in 1880, has an advisory supervision, and to a limited extent also a police supervision, over the health of the people, — -especially with reference to the abatement of those nuisances that are most calculated to pro- mulgate dangerous and contagious diseases. Their publications, which are made at the expense of the State, should be studied by every citizen EDUCATIONAL. The germ of the free public school sys- tem of Iowa, which now ranks second to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers, and in no other public measure have the people ever since taken so deep an interest. They have expanded and improved their original system until now it is justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the country. Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered that humble log school-houses were built almost as soon as the log cabins of the earliest settlers were occupied, and school teachers were among the first im- migrants to Iowa. Schools, therefore, the people have had everywhere from the start, and the school-houses, in their character and accommodations, have kept fully abreast with the times. The first school-house within the limits of Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by J. L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the autumn of 1833. When it was com- pleted George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the winter of 1833-4, thirty- five pupils attending his school. Barrett Whittemore taught the next school term, with twenty-five pupiis in attendance. Mrs. Choline Dexter commenced teaching: in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839 Thomas H. Benton, Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. At Burlington a commodious log school- house, built in 1834, was among the first buildings erected. A Mr. Johnson taught the first school in the winter of 1834— '5. In Muscatine County, the first school was taught by George Bumgardner, in the spring of 1837. In 1839 a log school-house was erected in Muscatine, which served for a long time as school-house, church and public hall. The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. Johnson County was an entire wilderness when Iowa City was located as the capital of the Territory of Iowa, in May, 1839. The first sale of lots took place August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about twenty families had settled within the limits of the town. During the same year Jesse Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected on what is now College street. In Monroe County, the first settlement was made in 1843, by M n J°hn R. Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddy ville ; and in the summer of 1844 a log school-house was built by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro, Joseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school was opened by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school pur- poses for nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a log school-house was built, in which school was opened by Sam- uel W. Caldwell, in 1844. H/STORT OF IOWA. 155 At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was taught by Lewis Whitteti, Clerk of the District Court, in the winter of 1846-'", in one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. The first school in Pottawattamie County was opened by George Green, a Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849; an( ^ until about 1854 nearly all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. The first school in Decorah was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C. Carpenter, since Gov- ernor of the State. In Crawford County the first school-house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied it as teacher. During the first twenty years of the his- tory of Iowa, the log school-house pre- vailed, and in i85i there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for school pur- poses in the State. Since that time they have been gradually disappearing. In 1865 there were 796; in 1870, 336; and in 1875, 121. In 1846, the year of Iowa's admission as a State, there were 20,000 scholars out of 100,000 inhabitants. About 400 school dis- tricts had been organized. In 1850 there were 1,200, and in 1857 the number had in- creased to 3,265. In March, 1858, upon the recommenda- tion of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, the seventh General Assembly enacted that " each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of the expenditures for the compensation of dis- trict secretaries and treasurers. An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub-district system. Mr. Kisscll, Superintendent, recommended 14 this in his report of January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of independent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. The system of graded schools was in- augurated in 1849, an d new schools, in which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. Teachers' institutes were organized early in the history of the State. The first offi- cial mention of them occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made December 2, 1850, who said: "An institution of this character was organized a few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa. An association of teachers has also been formed in the county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular institute in the county of Jones." No legislation, however, was held until March, 1858, when an act was passed au- thorizing the holding of teachers' institutes for periods not less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teachers should desire. The superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one institute, to be paid out by the county superintendent, as the institute may direct, for teachers and lecturers, and $1,- 000 was appropriated to defray the expenses of these institutes. Mr. Fisher at once pushed the matter of holding institutes, and December 6, 1858, he reported to the Board of Education that institutes had been ap- pointed in twenty counties within the pre- ceding six months, and more would have been held but the appropriation had been exhausted. At the first session of the Board of Education, commencing December 6, 1858, a code of school laws was enacted, which retained the existing provisions for teachers' institutes, In March, 1S60, the »5» HISTORY OF IOWA. General Assembly amended the act of the board by appropriating " a sum not ex- ceeding- §50 annually for one such institute, held as provided by law in each county." In 1865 the superintendent, Mr. Faville, re- ported that " the provision made by the State for the benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the people and the teachers, as during the last two years." Under this law an in- stitute is held annually in each county, under the direction of the county superin- tendent. By an act approved March 19, 1874, nor- mal institutes were established in each county, to be held annually by the county superintendent. This was regarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Aber- nethy, and in 1876 the General Assembly established the first permanent State Nor- mal School at Cedar Falls, Bbck Hawk County, appropriating the building and property of the Soldiers' Orphans Home at that place for that purpose. This school is now "in the full tide of successful ex- periment." Funds for the support of the public schools are derived in several ways. The sixteenth section of every congressional township was set apart by the General Government lor school purposes, being one thirty-sixth part of all the lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at $1.25 per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to the State of 500,000 acres, and an appropriation of 5 per cent, on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it ; the proceeds of all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The pen- alties collected by the courts for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund 111 uio counties where collected. The proceeds of the sale of lands and the 5 per cent, fund go into the State Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties according to their request. In 1844 there were in the State 4,339 school districts, containing 11,244 schools, and employing 21,776 teachers. The aver- age monthly pay of male teachers was $32.50, and of female teachers $27.25. There were 594,730 persons of school age, of whom 431,513 were enrolled in the public schools. The average cost of tuition for each pupil per month was $1.62. The expenditures for all school purposes was $5,129,819.49. The permanent school fund is now $3,547,- 123.82, on which the income for 1881 was $234,622.40. Besides the State University, Agricult- ural College and Normal School, described on preceding pages, ample provision for higher education has been made by the different religious denominations, assisted by local and individual beneficence. There are, exclusive of State institutions, twenty- three universities and colleges, and one hundred and eleven academies and other private schools for the higher branches. All these are in active operation, and most of them stand high. Amity College, located at College Springs, Page County, has eight instructors and two hundred and forty-five students. Burlington University, eight instructors and forty-three pupils. Callanan College, at Des Moines, has eighteen in the faculty and one hundred and twenty students enrolled. Central University, at Pella, Marion County, is under the auspices of the Baptist church, and has eleven in the faculty and one hundred and two students. Coe College, at Cedar Rapids, has a faculty of ten, and an attendance of one hundred and ninety-nine. HISTORY OF IOWA. 157 Cornell College, Methodist Episcopal, at Mt. Vernon, Linn County, has eighteen members of the faculty and four hundred and seventy-nine scholars. This is a strong institution. Drake University, at Des Moines, has thirty instructors and three hundred and twenty-five pupils. Griswold College, at Davenport, is under the control of the Episcopal church, and has seven instructors and seventy-five stu- dents. Iowa College, at Grinnell, is permanently endowed. Has fourteen instructors and three hundred and eighty-four students. Iowa Weslevan University (Methodist Episcopal), at Mt. Pleasant, has six mem- bers of the faculty and one hundred and seventy-five students. Luther College, at Decorah, Winneshiek County, has a faculty of ten, and one hun- dred and sixty-five pupils. Oskaloosa College has a faculty of five, and one hundred and thirty-five students. Penn College, at Oskaloosa, has a faculty of five members, and one hundred and forty pupils in attendance. Simpson Centenary College, at Indianola, Warren County (Methodist Episcopal), has a faculty of seven and an attendance of two hundred. Tabor College, at Tabor, Fremont County, modeled after the Oberlin (Ohio) College, has twelve members in the faculty and an attendance of two hundred and ten scholars. University of Des Moines has five in- structors and fifty pupils. Upper Iowa University (Methodist Epis- copal), located at Fayette, in Fayette County, has eleven instructors and three hundred and fifty students. Whittier College, at Salem, Henry County, is under the auspices of the Friends. There are two instructors and sixty pupils. STATISTICAL. When Wisconsin Territory was organ- ized in 1836, the entire population of that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10,531. The Terri- tory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected by the Territory of Michigan in 1834. Since then the counties have increased to ninety-nine, and the population in 18S0 was 1,624,463. The following table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa Territory : Year. Population 1S3S 22,589 1840 43. "5 lS 44 75>"; 2 1846 .8+7 1849 152.9S8 1850 191,982 l8 5i 204.774 '8S2 230.713 1854 326,013 1856 5'9.°55 Year Population ^V) 638,775 i860 674,913 1863 7 OI ,732 97,588 1 S65 750.699 1 16,651 1 S67 902 040 S69 1040,819 1S70 1,191,727 lS 73 1.25L333 1875 1 366,000 1SS0 1,624 463 The most populous county is Dubuque — 42,997. Polk County has 42,395, and Scott, 41,270. Not only in population, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State, has Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty-five years its wild but beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civilized commonwealth. The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in January, 1 87 1. The completion of three others scon followed. In 1854 there was not a mile of railroad in Iowa. Within the succeeding twenty years, 3,765 miles were built and put in successful operation. The present value of buildings for our State institutions is as follows: Sta e Capitol $2,5oo,coo State University. 400,000 Agricultural Col. and Farm 300,000 Inst, for the Blind 150,000 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 225,000 Institutions for the Insane $1,149,000 Orphans' H me.. 62,000 Penitentiaries.... 408,000 Normal School. . 50,000 Reform School. . 90,000 ] 5 S HISTOIiT OF IOWA. The State has never levied more than two and one-half mills on the dollar for State tax, and this is at present the consti- tutional limit. Iowa has no State debt. Whatever obli- gations have been incurred in the past have been promptly met and fully paid. Many of the counties are in debt, but only four of them to an amount exceeding $100,000 each. The bonded debt of the counties amounts in the aggregate to $2,592,222, and the float- ing debt, $153,456; total, $2,745,678. In the language of Judge C. C. Noursc, we leel compelled to say : " The great ulti- mate tact that America would demonstrate is, the existence of a people capable of at- taining and preserving a superior civiliza- tion, with a government self-imposed, self- administered and self-perpetuated. In this age of wonderful progress, America can exhibit nothing to the world of mankind more wonderful or more glorious than her new States — young empires, born of her own enterprise and tutored at her own political hearth-stone. Well may she say to the monarchies of the Old World, who look for evidence of her regal grandeur and state, ' Behold, these are my jewels !' and may she never blush to add, ' This one in the center of the diadem is Iowa !' " PHYSICAL FEATURES. Iowa, in the highly figurative and ex- pressive language of the aborigines, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied by them to this magnificent section of the country between the two great rivers. The general shape of the State is that of a rectangle, the northern and southern boundaries being due east and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries de- termined by southerly flowing rivers — the Mississippi on the east and the Missouri and the Big Sioux on the west. The width of the State from north to south is over 200 miles, being from the parallel of 43 30' to that of 40 36', or merely three degrees; but this does not include the small angle at the southeast corner. The length of the State from east to west is about 265 miles. The area is 55,044 square miles, nearly all of which is readily tillable and highly fer- tile. The State lies wholly within, and com- prises a part of a vast plain, and there is no mountainous or even hilly country within its borders, excepting the bluffs of the large?' rivers. The highest point is near Spiril Lake, and is but 1,200 feet above the lowest, which is in the southeast corner, and is 444 feet above the level of the Gulf of Mexico. The average descent per mile between these two points is four feet, and that from Spirit Lake to the northeast corner of the State, at low-water mark of the Mississippi, is five feet five inches. It has been estimated that about seven- eighths of Iowa was prairie when the white race first settled here. It seems to be a set- tled point in science that the annual fires of the Indians, prevented this western country from becoming heavily timbered. GEOLOGY. Geologists divide the soil of Iowa into three general divisions, which not only possess different physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their origin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial and be- long respectively to the deposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area of surface. All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived to a consider- able extent from the rocks of Minnesota; but the greater part was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been trans- ported but a short distance. In Northern and Northwestern Iowa the drift contains more sand and gravel than elsewhere. In HIS TORT OF IOWA. 159 Southern Iowa the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. The bluff soil is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to Missouri River. Although it contains less than i per cent, of clay in its com- position, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bot- tom lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the highest flood, and is very productive. The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclusive ; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those of the Paleozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in their order : r o i. CO ■a < a o "■ 3 3: 3 o 13 H OZJ 3 p O OQ ='* 3 P » : c 8" 3 o o o o' o o T C » * Hrl "2 P <« rv 03 -* C 1 g n. o = p C/J P -> p OCS n 3 3 a • -. 3 3 «■ 3 tt J=0B ~ 3 C p O p c -i 3 _*•!» £ g S L 3 n cn3 0/ ?L 3* rt » O » 1 -o 3 S" o a » S 3 3 3. 3 a.. 3: je- — 2 3 c o 3-°E. ** 3 o o f o ; 3 J 8-ir U • ft * o -» a ^ p o> O q O S . pg.i.H.g ft ft a ft ir c« (5 p [a P 9 c e c a 3 n -1 i »i n ° a S FT Jj O) 01 O d ft =. 3 ^ 3 p 3 K a. i a.: O 8 c 8>8 l Oj W m i-t 00 -n Q -J ^O VO ■ C O O '-n O O '- §0 O Owvi 5 c o r. o w •< > en CI H 10 B en 3 en B O O C rt ■0 tn *l m w ■0 a o H I en O 21 en H 3 a o B H w The Sioux quartzite, in the azoic system, is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux quartzite has been given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and of a color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the rock is almost every- where of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and west- ward. The Potsdam sandstone formation is ex- posed only in a small portion of the north- eastern part of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the bluffs and steep valley sides which border the river there. It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. No fossils have been discovered in this for- mation in Iowa. The Lower Magnesian limestone has but little greater geographical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity of texture and stratification, ow- ing to which it is not generally valuable for building purposes. The St. Peter's sandstone formation is remarkably uniform in thickness through- out its known geographical extent, and it occupies a large portion of the northern half of Allamakee County; immediately be- neath the drift. With the exception of the Trenton lime- stone, all the limestones of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestone. This formation occupies large portions of Winneshiek and Allamakee counties, and a small part of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for economic purposes; but there are some compact, even layers that furnish fine material for window caps and sills. i6o HISTORT OF IOWA. The Galena limestone is the upper for- mation of the Trenton Group. It is 150 miles long and seldom exceeds twelve miles in width. It exhibits its greatest develop- ment in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite with a slight admixture of silicious matter ; good blocks for dressing are sometimes found near the top of the bed, although it is usually unfit for such a purpose. This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have a north and south direction. This ore is mostly that known as galena, or sulphuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. The surface occupied by the Maquoketa shales is more than 100 miles in length, but is singularly long and narrow, seldom reach- ing more than a mile or two in width. The most northern exposure yet recognized is in the western part of Winneshiek Count)', while the most southerly is in Jackson County, in the bluffs of the Mississippi. The formation is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arenaceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiff and clayey. The area occupied by the Niagara lime- stone is forty and fifty miles in width and nearly 160 miles long from north to south. This formation is entirely a magnesian lime- stone, with a considerable portion of sili- cious matter, in some places, in the form of chert or coarse flint. A large part of it probably affords the best and greatest amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, Le Claire and Farley are all opened in this formation The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton limestone and shales, is as great as those by all the formations of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in the State. Its length is nearly 200 miles, and width from forty to fifty. Portions of it are valuable for economic purposes ; and, having a large geographical extent in the State, is a very important formation. Its value for the pro- duction of hydraulic lime has been demon- strated at Waverly, Bremer County. The heavier and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other material requiring strength and durability. A coral occurs near Iowa City, known as " Iowa City marble" and " bird's-eye mar- ble." Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous, viz., the sub- carboniferous, coal measures and Permian, only the first two are found in Iowa. The Subcarboniferous group occupies a very large area of surface. Its eastern border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with considerable di- rectness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington County. It then makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking the Mississippi at Mus- catine. The southern and western bound- aries are to a considerable extent the same as that which separates it from the real field. From the southern part of Poca- hontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigour- nev, in Keokuk County, thence to the north- eastern corner of Jefferson County, thence sweeping a few miles eastward to the south- east corner of Van Buren County. Its arc is about 250 miles long and from twenty to fifty miles wide. The most southerly exposure of the Kin- HISTORY OF IOWA. 161 derhook beds is in Des Moines County, near the mouth of Skunk River. The most northerly now known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than 200 miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the bluffs which border the Mississippi and Skunk rivers, where they form the eastern and northern bound- ary of Des Moines County ; along English River, in Washington County; along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Franklin counties, and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. This formation has a considerable economic value, particularly in the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt counties it is invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building purposes. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this formation, and the quarries near Le Grand are very valu- able. At this point some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into both useful and ornamental objects. In Tama County the oolitic mem- ber is well exposed, where it is manufact- ured into lime. Upon exposure to atmos- phere and frost it crumbles to pieces; consequently it is not valuable for building purposes. The Burlington limestone is carried down by the southerly dip of the Iowa rocks, so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, near the southern boundary of Des Moines County ; it has been recognized in the northern part of Washington County, which is the most northerly point that it has been found ; but it probably exists as far north as Marshall County. Much valuable material is afforded by this formation for economic purposes. The upper division furnishes excellent com- mon quarry rock. Geologists are attracted by the great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be more than 300. The Keokuk limestone formation is to be seen only in four counties: Lee, Van Buren, Henry and Des Moines. In some localities the upper silicious portion is known as the Geode bed ; it is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, nor in connection with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less masses of silex, usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz ; the outer crust is rough and unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful ; they vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. This formation is of great economic value. Large quantities of its stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the postoffices at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. The St. Louis limestone is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous group in Iowa. It occupies a small superficial area, consisting of long, narrow strips, yet its extent is very great. It is first seen resting on the Geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keo- kuk ; proceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields in Lee, Des Moines, Henrv, Jeffer- son, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska counties ; it is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone River, where it again passes out of view under the Coal Measures, until it is next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct sub-divisions : The mag- nesian, arenaceous and calcareous. The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when quarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County, large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of 162 HISTORY OF IOWA. little value. The lower, or magnesian di- vision, furnishes a valuable and durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. The Coal Measure group is properly divided into three formations, viz.: The Lower, Middle and Upper Coal Measures, each having a vertical thickness of about 200 feet. The Lower Coal Measures exist eastward and northward of the Des Moines River, and also occupy a large area west- ward and southward of that river, but their southerly dip passes them below the Middle Coal Measures at no great distance from the river. This formation possesses greater economic value than any other in the whole Stale. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes a large amount of ma- terial for potter's use. The sandstone of these measures is usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as in Red Rock in Marion County, blocks of large dimensions are ob- tained, which make good building material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. The Upper Coal Measures occupy a very large area, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the State. By its northern and eastern bound- aries it adjoins the area occupied by the Middle Coal Measures. The next strata in the geological series are of the Cretaceous age. They are found in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations upon which they rest, to the southward and west- ward, but have a general dip of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. Although the actual ex- posures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally occupied by them ; but they have been removed by denudation, which has taken place at two separate periods. The Nishnabotany sandstone has the most easterly and southerly extent of the cre- taceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of Guthrie County and the southern part of Montgomery County. To the northward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing beneath the chalky beds. This sandstone is, with few exceptions, valueless for economic purposes. The chalky beds rest upon the Wood- bury sandstone and shales. Thev have not been observed in Iowa except in the bluffs which border the Big Sioux River in Wood- bury and Plymouth counties. They are composed almost entirely of calcareous ma- terial, the upper portion of which is exten- sively used for lime. No building material can be obtained from these beds, and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at some time may be use- ful on the soil of the adjacent region. Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is estimated, contain the following areas: Cerro Gordo County, 1,500 acres; Worth, 2,000; Winnebago, 2,- 000; Hancock, 1,500; Wright, 500; Kos- suth, 700; Dickinson, 80. Several other counties contain peat beds, but the peat is inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The beds are of an average depth of four feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds will furnish 250 tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present this peat is not utilized ; but owing to its Sfreat distance from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when its value will be fully realized. The only sulphate of the alkaline earths of any economic value is gypsum, and it may be found in the vicinity of Fort Dodge in Webster County. The deposit occupies a nearly central position in the county, the Des Moines River running nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gvpsum is seen in the form of ordinary Iff S TORT OF IOWA. 163 rock cliff and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River and almost adjoining the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from the northerly point mentioned. The width of the area is unknown, as the gypsum be- comes lost beneath the overlying drift, as one goes up the ravines and minor valleys. On either side of the creeks and ravines which come into the valley of the Des Moines River, the gypsum is seen jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of ledges and bold quarry fronts, having al- most the exact appearance of ordinary lime- stone exposures, so horizontal and regular its lines of stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below Fort Dodge. Epsomite, or native Epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, all the sulphates of alkaline earths of natural origin have been recognized in Iowa, all except the sulphate of lime being in very small quantity. Sulphate of lime in the various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite and small, amor- phous masses, has also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, including the Coal Measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quantities, quite independently of the great gypsum of deposit there. The quantity of gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, usually occurring in shales and shaly clays, associated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron. Gvpsum has thus 15 been detected in the Coal Measures, the St. Louis limestone, the Cretaceous strata, and also in the dead caves of Dubuque. Sulphate of strontia is found at Fort Dodge. CLIMATE. The greatest objection to the climate of this State is the prevalence of wind, which is somewhat greater than in the States south and east, but not so great as farther west. The air is purer than either east or south, as indicated by the bluer sky and conse- quent deeper green vegetation, and is therefore more bracing. By way of con- trast, Northern Illinois has a whiter sky and a consequent more yellowish green vegetation. The prevailing direction of the wind is from the west. Thunder-storms are somewhat more vio- lent here than east or south, but not so furious as toward the Rocky Mountains. The greatest rainfall is in the southeastern part of the State, and the least in the north- western portion. The increase of timber growth is increasing the amount of rain, as well as distributing it more evenly through- out the year. As elsewhere in the North- western States, easterly winds bring rain and snow, while westerly ones clear the skv. While the highest temperature occurs here in August, the month of July averages the hottest, and January the coldest. The mean temperature of April and October nearly corresponds to the mean temperature of the year, as well as to the seasons of spring and fall, while that of summer and winter is best represented by August and Decem- ber. Indian summer is delightful and well prolonged. Untimely frosts sometimes oc- cur, but seldom severely enough to do great injury. The wheat crop being a staple product of this State, and not injured at all by frost, this great resource of the State continues intact. 1 64 til st on Y of /oivA. CENSUS UY IOWA. COUNTIES. Adair Adams Allamakee Appanoose . . . Audubon Benton Black Hawk.. Boone Bremer Buchanan Buena Vista.. . . Butler Calhoun Carroll Cass Cedar Cerro Gordo. . . Cherokee Chickasaw Clarke Clay Clayton Clinton Crawford Dallas Davis Decatur Delaware Des Moines.. . . Dickinson Dubuque Eminett Fa\ette Floyd Franklin Fremont Greene Grundy Guthiie Hamilton Hancock Hardin Harrison Henry Howard Humboldt , Ida Iowa Jackson Jasper Jefferson , Johnson Jones Keokuk Kossuth Lee Linn Louisa Lucas Lyon Madison Mahaska Marion Marshall Mills 1850 777 672 '35 735 5'7 3,94' 709 3,873 2,82 j 8.S4 7.26-1 9°5 i,759 1 2, 9S8 10,841 "82; ,^4-l 8,7°; 822 7,210 1,280 9.9°4 4.472 3,007 4,822 18,86 5.444 4.939 47' 1. '79 5989 5.482 33S 1&60. 984 1.533 12,237 ii,93 454 8,496 8,244 4,232 4,9 '5 7,906 57 3,724 '47 281 1,612 1 2,94 9 940 58 4,336 5,427 52 20,728 18,938 383 5,244 '3,764 8,677 11,024 19,611 1 Jo 31,164 105 12,073 3,744 ',3°9 5,074 J ,374 793 3,058 1,699 179 5.440 3.621 18,701 3,168 332 43 8,029 i8,493 9.88.3 15.038 '7-573 13.306 13.271 416 29,232 iS.947 '0,370 5,766 7.339 14,816 16 813 6,015 4,481 1870. 3.982 4,614 17,86s 16,456 1,212 22,454 21,706 M.584 12,52b '7.034 1.585 9.95 ' 1,602 2.45' 5.464 '9,73' 4.722 1,967 10, 1 8c 8,735 1,523 27.77' 35,357 2,53° 12,019 15565 12,018 '7,432 27,256 ',389 38,969 i,392 '6.973 10,76s 4,738 n,i74 4.627 6,399 7,061 6,°55 999 13.684 8,93' 21,463 6.2S2 2,596 226 16,664 22,619 22,116 ■7.S39 24,898 19.731 ■9 434 3-35' 37.2io 28.S52 '2,S 7 7 io, 3 SS 221 13.884 22,50S 24.436 17.576 8,718 18S0. 11,199 1 1 , 1 ss 19,791 16,636 7.44S 2 4 ,SSS 23913 2CS38 14,081 18,547 7,537 M,293 5 595 12351 16,943 i8 937 1 1,461 8,240 14.534 11,512 4248 28,829 36,764 12,413 1S746 16,46s 15.336 17.952 33.099 1,901 42,997 i.55o 22,2 S S 14.677 IO.248 17/'53 '2,725 12,639 i4. S6 3 11,252 3.453 17,808 16,649 20.S26 10,837 6,34i 4.3S2 '9,221 23,77" 25,962 '7.47S 25,429 21,052 21,259 6,179 34.859 37.235 13.146 M,.' 3° 1,968 17,225 25.201 25,111 23.7" '4.1.35 COUNTIES. Mitchell Monona Monroe Montgomery. . Muscatine . O'Brien Osceola Page Palo Alto Plymouth Pocahontas. . . . Polk Pottawattamie. Poweshiek Ringgold Sac Scott Shelby Sioux Story Tama Taylor Union Van Buren. . . . Wapello Warren Washington. . . Wayne Webster Winnebago. .. Winneshiek.. . . Woodburv Worth...'. Wright 1850. I i860. 2S84 5,731 551 4.513 7.S2S 615 5,986 Total. S 204 12,270 8,471 961 4 957 340 546 192.214 3.409 c 8 3 2 8,612 1,256 16,444 4.419 132 148 103 11,625 4.968 5,668 2 923 246 2.5.959 818 10 4.05 ' 5.2S5 3,59° 2,012 17,081 14,518 10,281 M.235 6.409 2,504 16S 13.942 1,119 756 6.53 1S70. 9.5S2 3,654 12,724 5,934 21,688 7'5 9.975 1.336 2,199 1,446 27.8.57 16,893 15.581 5,691 1,4" 38,509 2,549 57o 11,651 16,131 6,989 5.986 17,672 22,346 17.9S0 18952 11,287 10,484 1,562 23-57° 6,172 2,S92 2,392 iS8c. M,36i 9.055 •3.7'9 15.S95 23,168 4.155 2,219 19,667 4,131 8,;67 3.7 '3 42.395 39,846 18,936 12,085 8,77+ 41,270 1 2,696 5,426 16.966 2i,5S 5 15,635 14,980 17,042 25,282 19.578 20,375 16,127 1 5- 950 4,9 '7 23937 14,997 7-953 5.062 674.913!!. 191,792 1,624,463 TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. Governors. — Robert Lucas, 1 838-41; John Chamber, 1841— '45 ; James Clark, 1S45. Secretaries. — Wm. B. Conway, 1838, died 1839; James Clark, 1839-41; O. H. W. Stull, 1841-43; Samuel J. Burr, 1843-45; Jesse Williams, 1845. Auditors. — Jesse Williams, 1840-43; Will- iam L. Gilbert, 1843-45; Robert M. Secrest, 1845. Treasurers. — Thornton Bay lie, 1839-40; Morgan Reno, 1840. Judges — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838; Joseph Williams, 1838; Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. Presidents of Council. — Jesse B. Brown, 1838-49; Stephen Hempstead, 1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840- 41; J. W. Parker, 1841-42; John D. Elbert, 1842-43; Thomas Cox, HI STOUT OF IOWA. 165 i843-'44; S. Clinton Hasting, 1845; Stephen Hempstead, i845-'46. Speakers of tlie House. — William H. Wal- lace, i838-'39; Edward Johnson, 1839-40; Thomas Cox, i840-'3i ; Warner Lewis, 1841-42; James M. Morgan, i842-'43; James P. Carleton, 1843-44; James M. Morgan, 1845 ; George W. McLeary, 1845-46. STATE OFFICERS. Governors. — Ansel Briggs, i846-'5o; Stephen Hempstead, iS5o-'54: James W. Grimes, 1854-58; Ralph P. Lowe, 1858- '60; Samuel J. Kirkwood, i86o-'64 ; Will- iam M. Stone, i864-'68; Samuel Morrill, 1868-72; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1 872-76 ; Samuel J. Kirkwood, i876-'77; J. G. New- bold, 1S77-78; John H. Gear, 1878-82; Buren R. Sherman, 1882-86; William Lar- rabee, 1886. Lieutenant-Governors. — O ran Fa v i 1 le , 1 8 5 8- '60; Nicholas J. Rusch, i86o-'62; John R. Needham, i862-'64; Enoch W. Eastman, i864-'66 ; Benjamin F. Gue, i866-'68 ; John Scott, 1868-70; M. M. Walden, i870-'72 ; H. C. Bulis, 1872-74; Joseph Dysart, 1874-76; Joshua G. Newbold, i876-'78; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-82; Orlando H. Manning, 1882-85 ; John A. T. Hull, 1886. This office was created by the new con- stitution Sept. 3, 1857. Secretaries of State. — Elisha Cutter, Jr., 1846-48; Joseph H. Bonney, i848-'5o; George W. McCleary, 1850-56; Elijah Sells, i856-'63; James Wright, 1863-67; Ed. Wright, 1867-73 ; Josiah T. Young, 1873-79; J- A. T. Hull, 1879-85; Franklin D. Jackson, 1885. Auditors of State. — Joseph T. Fales, i846-'5o; William Pattee, i85o-'54; Andrew J.Stevens, 1854 '55 ; John Pattee, i855-'59; Jonathan W. Cattell, i859-'65 ; John A. Elliott, 1865-71; John Russell, 1871-75 ; Buren R. Sherman, 1875— '81 ; Wm. V. Lucas, 1 88 1 ; John L. Brown, i882-'S3 ; J. W. Cattell, acting, 1885-86. Treasurers of State. — Morgan Reno, i846-'5o; Israel Kister, i85o-'52; Martin L. Morris, i852-'5g ; John W. Jones, 1859-63 ; William H. Holmes, i863-'67; Samuel E. Rankin, 1867-73 ; William Christy, 1873- 77 ; George W. Bemis, 1877— '81 ; Edwin H. Conger, 188 1 — "85 ; Voltaire Twombly, 1885. Attorney-Generals. — David C. Cloud, 1853— '56 ; Samuel A. Rice, i856-'6o; Charles C. Nourse, i86o-'64; Isaac L. Allen, 1865- '66; Frederick E. Bissell, i866-'67; Henry O'Connor, 1867-72; Marcena E. Cutts, 1872-76; John F. Mcjunkin, 1877-81; Smith McPherson, 1881-85 ; A. J. Baker, 1885. Adjutant-Generals. — Daniel S. Lee, 1851- '55; George W. McCleary, 1S55-57; Eli- jah Sells, 1857; Jesse Bowen, 1857— '61 ; Na- thaniel Baker, 1861-77; John H. Looby, 1877-78; W. L, Alexander, i878-'84. Registers of the State Land-Office. — Anson Hart, 1855— '57 ; Theodore S. Parvin, 1857- '59; Amos B. Miller, 1 8 59^62 ; Edwin Mitchell, i862-'63; Josiah A. Harvey, i863-'67; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1867-71; Aaron Brown, 1871-75 ; David Secor, !S75-'79 ; J. K. Powers, 1879-S2.* Superintendents of Public Instruction. — James Harlan, 1847-48; Thos. H. Benton, Jr., 1848-54; James D. Eads, i854-'57, Joseph C. Stone, 1857; Maturin L. Fisher, 1857— '58 ; Oran Faville, iS64-'67; D. Frank- lin Wells, 1867-68 ; A. S. Kissell, 1868-72; Alonzo Abernethy, 1872-76; Carl W. Van Coelen, i876-'82; John W. Akers, 1882-84. This office was created in 1S47 and abol- ished in 1858, and the duties then devolved upon the secretary of the Board of Educa- tion ; it was re-created March 23, 1864. State Printers. — Garrett D. Palmer and George Paul, 1849-^ 1 ! William H. Merritt, 1851-53; William A. Hornish, 1853; Den- *Ortice abolii-lied Januaiy l, lo^j, ~nd uuties .i?volvt\i on the Secretary of State 1 66 HISTORY OF IOWA nis A. Mahoney and Joseph B. Dorr, 1853- '55 ; Peter Moriarty, i855~'57 ; John Tees- dale, 1 S57— '61 ; Francis W. Palmer, 1861- C.j; Frank M. Mills, 1869-71 ; G. W. Ed- wards, 1 87 1 -'73 '. Rich. P. Clarkson, 1873- '79; Frank M. Mills, i879-'8i ; Geo. E. Roberts, 1881. State Binders. — William M. Coles, 1855- '58; Frank M. Mills, i858-'67 ; James S. Carter, 1867-71 ; J.J. Smart, 1871-75; H. A. Perkins, 1875-79; Matt. Parrott, 1879- '85 ; L. S. Merchant, 1885. Secretaries of Board of Education. — T. H. Benton, Jr., i859-'63 ; Oran Faville, 1863-64. This office was abolished March 23, 1864. Presidents of the Senate. — Thomas Baker, i846-'47; Thomas Hughes, 1847-48; John J. Selman, 1848-49; Enos Lowe, 1849 '5 f '< Wm. E. Leffingwell, 185 i-'S3 ; Maturn L. Fisher, i853-'55 ; Wm. W. Hamilton, 855- •57- Under the new Constitution the Lieuten- ant-Governor is President of the Senate. Speakers of the House. — Jesse B. Brown, 1846-48; Smiley H. Bonham, 1848-50; George Temple, i850-'52; James Grant, i852-'54; Reuben Noble, i854-'56; Samuel McFarland, i856-'57 ;« Stephen B. Sheledy, i857-'59 ; John Edwards, i859-'6i ; Rush Clark, 1S61-63; Jacob Butler, 1863-65; Ed. Wright, 1S65-67; John Russell, i867-'69; Aylett R. Cotton, 1869-71 ; James Wilson, 1871-73; John H. Geer, 1873-77; John Y. Stone, i877~'79', Lore Alford, 1880-81; G. R. Struble, 1882-83; Wm. P. Wolf, 1884; Albert Head, 1886. Chief Justices of the Supreme Court. — Charles Mason, 1847; Joseph Williams, 1847-48; S. Clinton Hastings, 1848-49; Joseph Williams, 1849-55; George G. Wright, 1855-60; Ralph P. Lowe, 1860-62; Caleb Baldwin, i862-'64; George G. Wright, 1864-66; Ralph P. Lowe, 1866- '&, M*7 7. T)iVnn 1S68 '70; Chester C. Cole, i87o-'7i ; James G. Day, 187 1— '72 ; Joseph M. Beck, 1872-74 ; W. E Miller, 1874-76; Chester C. Cole, 1876; Wm. H. Seevers, 1876-77; James G. Day, 1877-78; James H. Rothrock, i878-'83 and '84; Joseph M. Beck, i879-'8o and '85 ; Austin Adams, i88o-'8i and '86; Wm. H. Seevers, 1882. Associate Justices. — Joseph Williams, held over from territorial government until a successor was appointed ; Thomas S. Wil- son, 1847; John F. Kinney, iS47-'54; George Greene, iS47-'55; Jonathan C. Hall, 1854- '55 ; William G. Woodward, 1855 '< Norman W. Isbell, 185 5— '56 ; Lacon D. Stockton, i856-'6o; Caleb Baldwin, i86o-'64; Ralph P. Lowe, i860; George G. Wright, i860; John F. Dillon, 1864-7°; Chester C. Cole, 1864-77; Joseph M. Beck, 1868; W. E. Miller, 1870; James G. Day, 1870. United States Senators. — Augustus C. Dodge, 1 848-' 5 5 ; George W. Jones, 1S48- '59; James Harlan, 1 85 5—^65 ; James W. Grimes, i859-'69; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1866; James Harlan, 1867-73; James B. Howell, 1870; George G. Wright, 1871- 77; William B. Allison, 1873-79; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1877-81; Wm. B. Allison, 1879-85; James W. McDill, 1881 ; James F. Wilson, 1883. Present State Officers (1886).— Governor, William Larrabee ; Secretary of State, Frank D. Jackson ; Auditor of State, J. W. Cattell, acting ; Treasurer, Voltaire Twom- bly ; Superintendent Public Instruction, John W. Akers ; Printer, George E. Rob- erts ; Binder, L. S. Merchant ; Adjutant- General, W. L. Alexander • Librarian, Mrs. S. B. Maxwell. Supreme Court. — William H. Seevers, Chief Justice, Oskaloosa; James G. Day, Sidney, James H. Rothrock, Tipton, Joseph M. Beck, Fort Madison, Austin Adams, Dubuque, Judges; A. J. Baker, Attorney- General. * « Qoverpors of Iou/a. IgJ^lirdr-JiSlizzlrdrf EiBiairzzirzd^J iSlraiS ^^i^^ii^i^^P M* ;<^2^ /w/La^*^£&£4 ROBERT LUCAS. 17/ i j^^'^'^t^'^'^'^t^^^g^^^^^tgg'^'r^H^'t^'t^.^i^^i V^ Vw™VftM»V^k^:.^\--Vj:^.,^33^3^^ M S3 j <-E@ffiEM^ MICA! \*r pc&t&teszcz?^ OBERT LUCAS, the first ). Governor of Iowa Ter- ritory, was the fourth son and ninth child of William and Susan- nah Lucas, and was born April i, 1781, in Jefferson Valley, at Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, Virginia, a few miles from Harper's Ferry, where his ancestors settled before the Rev- olution. His father, who was descended from William Penn, was born January 18, 1743, and his mother, of Scotch extrac- tion, was born October S, 1745. They were married about the year 1760, and reared a family of six sons and six daughters. His father, who had served as a Captain in the Continental army during the Revolutionary war, and had distinguished himself at the battle of Bloody Run, emigrated with his family to Scioto Count}', Ohio, early in the present century. At the time of this removal Robert was a young man. He had obtained his educa- tion chief! v in Virginia, from an old Scotch schoolmaster named McMullen, who taught him mathematics and surveying. The latter afforded him remunerative employment im- mediately upon his entrance into Ohio. He was married at Portsmouth, Ohio, April 3, 1810, to Elizabeth Brown, who died October 18, 1812, leaving an infant daugh- ter, who afterward became Mrs. Minerva E. B. Sumner. March 7, 18 16, he formed a second matrimonial connection ; this time with Friendly A. Sumner, who bore to him four sons and three daughters. The first public office held by Robert Lucas was that of County Surveyor of Sci- oto County, the commission from Governor Edward Tiffin, of Ohio, appointing him such being dated December 26, 1803. Decem- ber 16, 1805, he was commissioned by Governor Tiffin justice of the peace for three years. His first military appointment was that of Lieutenant of militia, by virtue of which he was authorized to raise twenty men to assist in filling Ohio's quota of 500 volunteers called for by the President in view of possible difficulties with the Spanish. He was subsequently promoted through all the military grades to Major Gen- eral of Ohio militia, which latter rank was conferred upon him in 18 18. He was a Brigadier-General on the breaking out of the war of 1S12, and had much to do with raising troops. He was appointed a Captain in the regular army, but before his commission reached him he was already in active service, scouting, spying, carrying a musket in the ranks and in other useful capacities. After Hull s surrender he was paroled and returned to Ohio. He was in the course of time made a Lieutenant-Colonel, and then a Colonel, from which position he resigned. He served in numerous civil offices ill r GOVERNORS OF IOWA. Ohio, and at the time of his second marriage, in 1816, he was and had been for some time a member of the Ohio Legislature, serving 'Successively for nineteen years in one or the other branch, and in the course of his leg- islative career presiding over first one and then the other branch. In 1820 and again in 1828, he was chosen one of the Presidential electors of Ohio. In May, 1832, at Baltimore, Maryland, he presided over the first Democratic National Con- vention — that which nominated Andrew Jackson for his second term as President, and Martin Van Buren for Vice Presi- dent. In 1832 he was elected Governor of Ohio, and re-elected in 1834. He declined a third nomination for the same office. Under the act of Congress to divide tne Territory of Wisconsin and to establish the territorial government of Iowa, approved June 12, 1838, the subject of this sketch was appointed Governor of the new Territory, and he immediately accepted the responsi- bility. A journey from the interior of Ohio to the banks of the Upper Mississippi was then a matter of weeks ; so that, although Governor Lucas set out from his home on the 25th of July, delaying on his route a few days at Cincinnati, to arrange for the selection of the books for a territorial library, it was not till nearly the middle of August that he reached Burlington, then the temporary seat of government. The first official act of Lucas as Gov- ernor of Iowa was to issue a proclamation dated August 13, 1838, dividing the Terri- tory into eight representative districts, ap- portioning the members of the Council and House of Representatives among the nine- teen counties then composing the Terri- tory, and appointing the second Monday in September ensuing for the election of members of the Legislative Assembly and a delegate to Congress. His first message to the Legislature, after its organization, was dated November 12, 1838, and related chiefly to a code of laws for the new com- monwealth. He opposed imprisonment for debt, favored the death penalty for murder (executions to be in the presence of only the Sheriff and a suitable number of wit- nesses), and strenuously urged the organi- zation of a liberal system of common schools. The organization of the militia was also one of his pet measures. There was a broad difference between the views of a majority of this Legislative Assembly and the Governor, on many questions of public policy, as well as points of authority. This resulted in the sending to the Presi- dent of a memorial, dated January 12, 1830, signed by eight of the council and seven of the Representatives, praying the re- moval of Governor Lucas. In addition to this, a memorial for the Governor's re- moval was passed by both Houses, signed in due form by their presiding officers, and transmitted to the President. The charges made were met by a protest signed by eight Representatives, and as a result Gov- ernor Lucas was allowed to remain in office until the next change of administration. In 1839 and '40 occurred the well-known boundary dispute with Missouri, which was finally settled in favor of Iowa, by the Supreme Court of the United States. No- vember 5, 1839, Governor Lucas announced that the Territory had advanced in improve- ment, wealth and population (which latter was estimated at 50,000) without a parallel in history, and recommended the necessary legislation preparatory to the formation of a State government. This was overruled by the people, however. Among the latest of Governor Lucas's acts was a proclama- tion dated April 30, 1841, calling the Leg- islature to assemble, for the first time, at Iowa City, the new capitol. March 25, 1841, he was succeeded by John Chambers. He lived a private life near Iowa City until his death, February 7, 1S53, at the age of seventy-one years. JOHN CHAMBERS. ■\n T» «i ■■ *« t* n rrT» 11 11-ri rrn 11 II ra i ^aaxmigwams 'OHN CHAMBERS was the second Governor of Iowa Territory. He was born October 6, 1780, at Bromley Bridge, Somer- set County, New Jersey. His father, Rowland Cham- bers, was born in Pennsyl- vania, of Irish parentage. According to a tradition in the family, their remote ancestors were Scotch, and belonged to the clan Cam- eron. Having refused to join in the rebellion of 1645, they migrated to Ireland, where, by an act of Parliament, on their own petition, they took the name ot C..~tm- oers. Rowland Chambers espoused with enthusiasm the cause of American inde- pendence, and was commissioned a Colonel of New Jersey militia. At the close of the war, reduced in circumstances, he immi- grated to Kentucky and settled in Wash- ington, then the seat of Mason County. John, the youngest of seven children, was then fourteen years old. A few days after the fami'y settled in their new home he found employment in a dry-goods store, and the following spring was sent to Transylvania Seminary, at Lexington. He returned home in less than a year. In 1797 he became deputy under Francis Taylor, Clerk of the District Court. His duties being light, he applied himself to the study of law. In the spring of 1800 he assumed all the duties of the office in which he had been employed, and in November following he was licensed to practice law. In 1803 Mr. Chambers, who had now entered upon a career of uninterrupted professional prosperity, was married to Miss Margaret Taylor, of Hagerstown, Mary- land. She lived but about three years, and in 1807 he married Miss Hannah Taylor, a sister of his first wife. Not long after he engaged in the manufacture of bale rope and bagging for the Southern market. In this he incurred heavy losses. In the campaign of 181 2 he served as aid-de-camp to General Harrison, with the rank of Major. In 181 5 Mr. Chambers was sent to the Legislature, and in 1828 he went to Congress to fill the unexpired term of General Thomas Metcalfe. In 1830 and 1 83 1 he was again in the State Legislature. In 1832 he lost his wife. She was a lady of cultivated mind and elegant manners, and had made his home a happy and attractive one. The same year he was offered a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of Kentucky, but this he declined. The same office was tendered him in 1835, but before the time for taking his seat, he was obliged m GOVERNORS OF IOWA. to resign, out of consideration for his health. From 1835 to 1839 he was in Congress, making for himself a high reputation. Between 181 5 and 1828 Mr. Chambers was, for several years, the commonwealth's attorney for the judicial district in which he lived. He was during that period at the zenith of his reputation as a lawyer and ad- vocate. He met the giants of the Ken- tucky bar in important civil and criminal trials. His well-known high sense of honor, and his contempt for professional chicanery, commanded the respect of his legal com- peers. His appearance and manner were dignified, his tone calm and impressive, and his language singularly direct and vigorous. He closed his congressional career in 1839 with the purpose of resuming the practice of law, but his old friend General Harrison was nominated for the Presi- dency and induced him to aid in the personal canvass General Harrison made through the country. He was urged by President Harrison to accept some office requiring his residence in Washington, but this he declined, though he afterward ac- cepted the appointment of Governor of Iowa. He entered jipon the duties of this office May 13, 1841. His success in his administration of the affairs of the Territory was well attested by the approbation of the people, and by the hearty commendation of those in authority at Washington, espe- cially for his management of Indian affairs. During his term of office he found it neces- sary on several occasions to suppress the feuds of the red men, which he did with such firmness and decision that quiet was promptly restored where war seemed im- minent. Governor Chambers was repeat- edly called on to treat with the Indian tribes for the purchase of their lands. In October, 1841, he was commissioned jointly with Hon. T. H. Crawford, Commissioner of In- dian Affairs, and Governor Doty, of Wis- consin, to hold a treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, which, however, did not result in a purchase. In September, 1842, being ap- pointed sole Commissioner for the same purpose, he succeeded fully in carrying out the wishes of the Government. In 1843 he held a treaty with the Winnebagoes, but in this instance no result was reached. In 1844, his term of office having expired, he was re-appointed by President Tyler, but was removed in 1845 by President Polk. Shortly afterward, with greasy im- paired health, he returned to Kentucky, where, with skillful medical treatment and entire relief from official cares, he partially recovered. During the few remaining years of his life Governor Chambers's recollec- tions of Iowa were of the most agreeable character. He spoke gratefully of the re- ception extended to him by her people, and often referred with great kindness to his neighbors in Des Moines County. His infirm health forbade his engaging in any regular employment after his return to Kentucky, but in 1849, at the solicitation of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, he ne- gotiated jointly with Governor kamsev. of Minnesota, a successful treaty with the Sioux Indians for the purchase 01 lands. The latter years of Governor Chambers's life were spent mostly with his children. whose affection and respect were the chief conditions of his happiness. During a visit to his daughter in Paris, Kentucky, he was taken sick at the house of his son-in-law, C. S. Brent, and after a lew weeks breathed his last, September 21, 1652. in his seventy- second year. JAMES CLARKE. J75 *^^2fe \ HE third and last Ter- ritorial Governor was James Clarke. Sometime in the autumn of the year 1837, when the trees were in the " sear and yellow leaf," a printer boy of slender form and gentle appearance might have been seen crossing the laurel hills of his own State. Behind him rolled the waters of the " Blue Juniata," on the banks of which he had spent, in merry glee, his youthful days. He had heard and read of strange countries that lay far off toward the setting sun, through which broad rivers run, and spreading landscapes unfolded to human eyes the most rare and magnificent beauty. With his youthful gaze fixed upon that star which never sets, he set forth into the wilds of Wisconsin, a stranger in a strange land, an adventurer seeking his own fortune, de- pending upon his own exertions, with no recommendation save an honest face and genteel deportment. This young man was James Clarke, who afterward became the able, talented and popular Governor of Iowa. He remained in Wisconsin, working at his trade as a printer, until after the organi- zation of the Territory of Iowa, when he removed to Burlington, where the first Legislature of Iowa assembled. After the death of Mr. Conway he was appointed by President Van Buren, Secretary of the Ter- ritory, which office he filled with great credit to himself and satisfaction to the people. During the time he held this office he contributed by his kind, gentle and amiable manner to soften the feelings of hatred and distrust which at one time ex- isted between leading men of the Territory. Whoever had business at his office found him a kind, gentle, quiet, amiable man, al- ways ready and willing to do whatever was desired of him, regretting, at the same time, that he could do no more. During the time he was Secretary he performed a vast amount of labor, but notwithstanding the large amount of business he transacted, he still found time to write for the press, and contributed many valuable articles touch- ing the future greatness of Iowa. After he retired from the office of Secre- tary he again returned to the printing trade, and became the leading editor of the Bur- lington Gazette. To the columns of this paper he devoted his whole energies, and by so doing made it the leading Democratic paper of the Territory. In the early sum- mer of 1845 President Polk removed Mr. Chambers, and appointed Mr. Clarke to suc- ceed him as Governor of Iowa. Previous to his appointment he had been elected by 176 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. the people of his county a delegate to the first convention which assembled to form a Constitution for the State of Iowa. In this convention he distinguished himself both for his talent and personal demeanor, and contributed to the pages of that Constitu- tion some of the great elementary principles which lie at the foundation of human rights. And although that Constitution was de- feated, he still had the satisfaction of seeing their spirit and meaning transferred to another, and still continued as the funda- mental law of our State. The first Legislature after he received his appointment assembled at Iowa City, on the first Monday of December, 1845. His message to the Legislature after its or- ganization is a model of style and clearness. He set forth the importance of an early ex- tinguishment of the Indian title to all the lands within the limits of Iowa, and urged the Legislature to memorialize Congress to purchase a tract of land on the Upper Mis- sissippi for a future home for the Winne- bagoes, and thus induce them to part with their title to a large tract of country known as the " neutral ground," a recommendation which the General Government soon after acted upon and carried out. January 16, 1846, the Legislature passed once more an act for the purpose of elect- ing delegates to frame a Constitution for the State of Iowa. This time the friends of a State government took it for granted that the people of the Territory wanted a Constitution, so the Legislature provided that at the April election following the passage of this act, the people of the Ter- ritory should elect delegates to a conven- tion. Accordingly, at the April election delegates were elected, and the convention, agreeable to said act, consisting of thirty- two members instead of seventy as in the previous convention, met at Iowa City, on the first Monday of May, 1846, and after a session of eighteen days produced a Con- stitution which was immediately submitted, adopted, and made the organic law of the State of Iowa. After the result was known the Governor issued his proclamation for a general election to be held in November following, atwhich Ansel Briggs, of Jack- son County, was elected Governor of the State. This proclamation was the last public act of James Clarke, for as soon as the new Governor was qualified, he turned over to him all the archives of his office, and re- turned once more to the printing office. Again he scattered through Iowa his beau- tiful editorials through the columns of the Burlington Gazette, until the name and fame of Iowa became known throughout the length and breadth of the land. He appeared at the capitol at the first session of the State Legislature under the new Con- stitution, delivered to that body an affecting and interesting farewell address, then stood back quietly during the whole of the ses- sion, and gazed with indignation upon his countenance at the dreadful strife, storms and bitterness which was manifested during the entire session. This was the last time that Mr. Clarke ever appeared at the Legislature. He died soon after, at Burlington, of the cholera. Thus closed the earthly career of a just and noble man, cut off in the prime of life and in the midst of an useful career. He was married to a sister of General Dodge, and this fact being known at the time of his ap- pointment as Governor, drew upon the Dodges the title of the " royal family." But whatever might be said in this respect, the appointment could not have been bestowed upon a better man, or one more competent to fill it. His history is without a stain or reproach, and throughout his whole life no man ever imputed aught against his char- acter as a man and a citizen. ,r\'l ANSEL BRIGGS. 179 >^if-* HE first Governor of Iowa under its State organization, was Ansel Briggs, who, like his two imme- diate successors, was a son of that won- rful nursery of progress, w England. He was : son of Benjamin Ingley Briggs and Electa his wife, and was born in Vermont, February 3, 1806. His boyhood was spent in his native State, where, in the common schools, he re- ceived a fair education, improved by a term spent at the academy of Norwich. In his youth, about the year 1830, with his parents, he removed to Cambridge, Guernsey Count)', Ohio, where he engaged in the work of establishing stage lines, and where, as a Whig, he com- peted with John Ferguson, a Jackson Democrat, for the office of county audi- tor and was defeated. In his twenty- fourth year he married a wife, born the same day and year as himself, of whom he was soon bereft. Before leaving Ohio he married his second wife, Nancy M., daugh- ter of Major Dunlap, an officer of the war of 1812. In 1836, removing from Ohio, he joined that hardy band, so honored here to-dav, the pioneers of Iowa, and settled with his family at Andrew, in Jackson County. Here he resumed his former business of opening stage lines, sometimes driving the stage himself, and entering into contracts" with the postoffice department for carrying the United States mails weekly between Dubuque and Davenport, Dubuque and Iowa City, and other routes. On coming to Iowa he affiliated with the Democrats, and on their ticket, in 1842, was elected a member of the Territorial House of Representatives from Jackson County, and subsequently sheriff of the same county. On the formation of the State government, he at once became a prominent candidate for Governor. His competitors for the Democratic nomination were Judge Jesse Williams and William Thompson. The question above all others dividing the parties in Iowa in that day was that of banks, favored by the Whigs, and op- posed by the Democrats. A short time be- fore the nominating convention met, Briggs, at a banquet, struck a responsive chord in the popular heart by offering the toast, " No banks but earth, and they well tilled," a sententious appeal to the pride of the pro- ducer and the prejudice of the partisan, which was at once caught up as a party !8o GOVERNORS OF IOWA. cry, and did more to secure its author the nomination for Governor than all else. The convention was held at Iowa City on Thursday, September 24, 1846, and as- sembled to nominate State officers and two Congressmen. It was called to order by F. D. Mills, of Des Moines County. Will- iam Thompson, of Henry County, presided, and J. T. Fales, of Dubuque, was Secretary. The vote for Governor in the convention stood: Briggs, sixty-two; Jesse Williams, thirty-two; and William Thompson, thirty- one. The two latter withdrew, and Bnggs was then chosen by acclamation. Elisha Cutler, Jr., of Van Buren County, was nominated for Secretary of State; Joseph T. Fales, of Linn, for Auditor, and Morgan Reno, of Johnson, for Treasurer. S. C. Hastings and Shepherd Leffler were nomi- nated for Congress. The election was held October 28, 1846, the entire Democratic ticket being successful. Briggs received 7,626 votes, and his competitor, Thomas McKnight, the Whig candidate, 7,379, giv- ing Briggs a majority of 247. The administration of Governor Bribes was generally placid. Although avoiding excitement and desirous of being in har- monious accord with his party, when oc- casion required he exhibited an independent firmness not easily shaken. One perplex- ing controversy bequeathed him by his predecessors was the Missouri boundary question, which had produced much dis- quiet, and even a resort to arms on the part of both Iowa and Missouri. After the expiration of his four-years term, Governor Briggs continued his resi- dence in Jackson County, where he engaged in commercial business, having sold out his mail contracts when he became Governor. By his second marriage he had eight children, all of whom died in infancy save two, and of these latter Ansel, Jr., died May 15, 1867, aged twenty-five years. John S. Briggs, the only survivor of the family, is the editor of the Idaho Herald, published at Blackfoot, Idaho Territory. Mrs. Briggs died December 30, 1847, dur- ing her husband's term as Governor. She was an ardent Christian woman, adhering to the Presbyterian faith, and very domestic in her tastes. She was well educated and endowed by nature with such womarjly tact and grace as to enable her to adorn the high estate her husband had attained. She dispensed (albeit in a log house, a form of architecture in vogue in Iowa in that day, as the mansion of the rich or the cabin of the poor) a bounteous hospitality to the stranger and a generous charity to the poor, in which gracious ministrations she was al- ways seconded by her benevolent husband. In 1870 Governor Briggs removed from Andrew to Council Bluffs. He had visited the western part of the State before rail- roads had penetrated there, and made the trip by carriage. On that occasion he en- rolled himself as one of the founders of the town of Florence, on the Nebraska side of the Missouri River, six miles above Coun- cil Bluffs, and which, for a time, disputed with Omaha the honor of being the chief town of Nebraska. He made a trip to Colorado during the mining excitement in i860. After return- ing and spending some time at home, he went to Montana in 1863, with his son John, and a large party, remaining until 1865, when he came back. His last illness, ulceration of the stomach, was only five weeks in duration. He was able to be out three days before his death, which occurred at the residence of his son, John S. Briggs, in Omaha, May 5, 1881, at half past three in the morning. Governor Gear issued a proclamation the next day, reciting his services to the State, ordering half-hour guns to be fired and the national flag on the State capitol to be half-masted, during the da}' of the funeral. He was buried on Sunday succeeding his death. w / &?^?-^'/-fl*z£L-'C^> , / / STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD. 183 ~F ; £ V "' - w -"-- ■====^^if I -^STEPHEN HEMFSTEflfl.^ || lh-*S) . — — e= jg u- g (as.. •^F-€j»-=T- ^tuti i' ■"■■.."'i' ."i'. 'rvyi' '*4&$&&^?^$^?<^i*&(*Z>~^&. I v^.VA\^g^fl^c^>,.\c.^K*A^^^.;ro<\rK.;^;^.\.>^ j§? jfekBMBBIS Wc fl&BmUSSIS, |j aSEaSB^^tfErehiaB^^^ m ??Sr^(^l^l^<^&Jt^t^$[^rz^x^ mm ^E third to fill the of- fice of Governor of Iowa, and whose name deserves a foremost rank among the men whose personal his- tory is interwoven insepar- ably with that of the State, was James Wilson Grimes. He was born in the town of Deering, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, October 20, 1816. His parents — John Grimes, born August 11, 1772, and Elizabeth Wilson, born March 19, 1773 — were natives of the same town. Of a family of eight children born to them, James was the youngest. In early childhood he evinced a taste for learning;, attending- the district school and also studying Latin and Greek under the instruction of the village pastor. He completed his preparation for college at Hampton Academy, and entered Dart- mouth College in August, 1832, in the sixteenth year of his age. Upon leaving college in February, 1835, he commenced reading law with James Walker, Esq., in Petersburgh, New Hampshire. Being young and adventurous, and wish- ing to carve a fortune for himself, he left 17 his native home in 1836 for the far West, landing in Burlington, then a new town in what was known as the " Black Hawk Purchase." Here he opened an office and soon established a reputation as a rising lawyer. In April, 1837, he was appointed city solicitor ; and entering upon the duties of that office he assisted in drawing up the first police laws of that town. In 1838 he was appointed justice of the peace, and be- came a law partner of William W. Chap- man, United States District Attorney for Wisconsin Territory. In the early part of the year 1841 he formed a partnership with Henry W. Starr, Esq., which continued twelve years. This firm stood at the head of the legal profession in Iowa. Mr. Grimes was widely known as a counselor of supe- rior knowledge of the law, and with a clear sense of truth and justice. He was chosen one of the representatives of Des Moines County in the first Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Iowa, which convened at Burlington, November 12, 1838; in the sixth, at Iowa City, December 4, 1843 ; and in the fourth General Assembly of the State, at Iowa City, December 6, 1852. He early took front rank among the pub- lic men of Iowa. He was chairman of the judiciary committee in the House of Rep- resentatives of the first Legislative As- sembly of the Territory, and all laws for the new Territory passed through his hands. 1$ GOVERNORS OF IOWA. He was married at Burlington, Novem- ber 9, 1846, to Miss Elizabeth Sarah Neally. In February, 1854, Mr. Grimes was nom- inated by a convention of the Whig party for Governor of the State. It was the largest convention of that party ever held in Iowa, and the last. He was elected, and assumed the duties of the office in Decem- ber, 1854. Soon after his election it was proposed that he should be sent to the United States Senate, but he made it under- stood that he should fill the term of office for which he had been chosen, and he served his full term to the entire satisfac- tion and acceptance of all parties. He was a faithful leader in the political regenera- tion of the State. He introduced liberal measures to develop the resources of the State, and to promote the interests of all educational and humane establish- ments. Up to the time of his election as Governor, Democracy reigned supreme in the Territory. The representatives in Congress were allies of the slave power. He, after being elected, gave his whole soul to the work, and it may truly be said that Governor Grimes made Iowa Repub- lican and allied it with the loyal States. January 14, 1858, he laid down his office, only to be placed In another and greater one; for on the 25th he was nominated by the Republican caucus for United States Senator. He took his seat in the Senate March 4, 1859, ar >d was placed upon the committee on naval aflairs January 24, 1861, on which he remained during the remainder of his senatorial career, serving as chairman from December, 1864. Mr. Grimes voted for the Pacific Rail- road bill on June 20, 1862, and for estab- lishing the gauge of the road from the Mis- souri River to the Pacific Ocean, at four feet eight and a half inches, February 18, 1863. January 16, 1864, Mr. Grimes was again chosen United States Senator from Iowa for six years from March 4, 1S65, receiving the votes of all but six of the members of the General Assembly in joint convention ; 128 out of 134. His council was often sought in matters of great moment, and in cases of peculiar difficulty. Always ready to promote the welfare of the State, he gave, unsolicited, land worth $6,000 to the Congregational college at Grinnell. It constitutes the "Grimes foundation," and " is to be applied to the establishment and maintenance in Iowa College, forever, of four scholarships, to be awarded by the trustees, on the recommendation of the fac- ulty, to the best scholars, and the most promising, in any department, who may need and seek such aid, and without any regard to the religious tenets or opinions entertained by any person seeking either of said scholarships." These terms were imposed by Mr. Grimes and assumed July 20, 1865, by the trustees. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1865 from Dartmouth College, and also from Iowa College. He also aided in founding a public library in Burlington, donating $5,000, which was expended in the purchase of costly books, and subsequently sent from Europe 256 volumes in the German lan- Sfuaefe, and also contributed 600 volumes of public documents. In January, 1869, he made a donation of $5,000 to Dartmouth College, and $1,000 to the " Social Friend," a literary society of which he was a member when in college. His health failing, Mr. Grimes sailed for Europe April 14, 1869, remaining abroad two years, reaching home September 22, 1871, apparently in improved health and spirits. In November he celebrated his silver wedding, and spent the closing months of his life with his family. He voted at the city election February 5, 1872, was suddenly attacked with severe pains in the region of the heart, and died after a few short hours of intense suffering. /£. (f^L-^JL^ RALPH P. LOWE. 191 sHE fourth Governor of the State, and the seventh of Iowa without reference to the form of govern- ment, was Ralph P. Lowe. He was born in Ohio in 1808, and lived just three-fourths of a cent- ury. He came to the Territory of Iowa in 1839 or 1840, when he was a little over thirty years old. He settled in Muscatine, where in a short time he became prominent in local affairs and of recognized ability in questions of public policy. While yet residing in that city, he represented the county of Muscatine in the constitu- tional convention of 1844 that framed the rejected Constitution. After this constitutional convention, Mr. Lowe took no further part in public mat- ters for a number of years. He removed So Lee County about 1849 or '50, where he became district judge as a successor to George H. Williams, who was afterward famous as President Grant's Attorney Gen- eral. He was district judge five years, from 1852 to 1857, being succeeded by Judge Claggett. In the summer of 1857 he was nominated by the Republicans for Governor of Iowa, with Oran Faville for Lieutenant-Governor. The Democracy put in the field Benjamin M. Samuels for Governor and George Gillaspy for Lieu- tenant Governor. There was a third ticket in the field, supported by the American or " Know Nothing " party, and bearing the names of T. F. Henry and Easton Morris. The election was held in October, 1857, and gave Mr. Lowe 38,498 votes, against 36,088 for Mr. Samuels, and 1,006 for Mr. Henry. Hitherto the term of office had been four years, but by an amendment to the Consti- tution this was now reduced to two. Gov- ernor Lowe was inaugurated January 14, 1858, and at once sent his first message to the Legislature. Among the measures passed by this Legislature were bills to in- corporate the State Bank of Iowa ; to pro- vide for an agricultural college ; to author- ize the business of banking ; disposing of the land grant made by Congress to the Des Moines Valley Railroad ; to provide for the erection of an institution for the education of the blind ; and to provide for taking a State census. No events of importance occurred dur- ing the administration of Governor Lowe, but it was not a period of uninterrupted prosperity. The Governor said in his biennial message of January 10, i860, re- 192 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. viewing the preceding two years: " The period that has elapsed since the last biennial session has been one of great dis- turbing causes, and of anxious solicitude to all classes of our fellow citizens. The first year of this period was visited with heavy and continuous rains, which reduced the measure of our field crops below one-half of the usual product, whilst the financial revulsion which commenced upon the At- lantic coast in the autumn of 1857 did not reach its climax for evil in our borders until the year just past." He referred at length to the claim of the State against the Federal Government, and said that he had appealed in vain to the Secretary of the Interior for the pay- ment of the 5 per cent, upon the military land warrants that the State is justly en- titled to, which then approximated to a million of dollars. The payment of this fund, he said, " is not a mere favor which is asked of the General Government, but a subsisting right which could be enforced in a court of justice, was there a tribunal of this kind clothed with the requisite juris- diction." The subject of the Des Moines River grant received from the Governor special attention, and he gave a history of the operations of the State authorities in ref- erence to obtaining the residue of the lands to which the State was entitled, and other information as to the progress of the work. He also remarked " that under the act authorizing the Governor to raise a com- pany of mounted men for defense and pro- tection of our frontier, approved February 9, 1858, a company of thirty such men, known as the Frontier Guards, armed and equipped as required, were organized and mustered into service under the command of Captain Henry B. Martin, of Webster City, about the first of March then follow- ing, and were divided into two companies, one stationed on the Little Sioux River, the other at Spirit Lake. Their presence afforded security and gave quiet to the settlements in that region, and after a ser- vice of four months they were duly dis- banded. " Late in the fall of the year, however, great alarm and consternation was again felt in the region of Spirit Lake and Sioux River settlements, produced by the appear ance of large numbers of Indians on the border, whose bearing was insolent and menacing, and who were charged with clandestinely running off the stock of the settlers. The most urgent appeals came from these settlers, invoking again the protection of the State. From the repre- sentations made of the imminence of their danger and the losses already sustained, the Governor summoned into the field once more the frontier guards. After a service of four or five months they were again discharged, and paid in the manner prescribed in the act under which they were called out." Governor Lowe was beaten for the renomination by Honorable S. J. Kirkwood, who was considered much the stronger man. To compensate him for his defeat for the second term, Governor Lowe was appointed one of the three judges under the new Constitution. He drew the short term, which expired in 1861, but was returned and served, all told, eight years. He then returned to the practice of law, gradually working into a claim busi- ness at Washington, to which city he re- moved about 1874. In that city he died, on Saturday, December 22, 1883. He had a large family. Carleton, one of his sons, was an officer in the Third Iowa Cavalry during the war. Governor Lowe was a man of detail, accurate and industrious. In private and public life he was pure, upright and honest. In religious faith he was inclined to be a Spiritualist. aCTnn***^* cf^^-uSf^- SAMUEL J. KIRKWOOD. '95 ^A ft ft 0? ^ ^ ft ■-■&*£- a *?r ^Samuel | s?*i i i? , ) t <,'*i , J??) ; 3^ t t , '^f'^['T> 1 (*T>Vt; 1 (*T! 1 i^'> 1 i e 5i' jjfe ^oJ0S;HU4 (5. NE\\mOLD.^H- 1 T;j^^ J "^*.)H'".-U'/.»U\Vt'".> , i. , \t 1 «;^ , ^(tj^^g3^^^ijCr^V^V-i^.^'i , t&'^^&'^*^ "OSHUA G. NEWBOLD was the tenth Governor of the State, and the thirteenth of Iowa, num- bering from the first Territorial Gover nor. He is yet living at Mount Pleasant. He is a native of Pennsylvania, and his an- cestors in this country were among the very early set- tlers in New Jersey. They were Friends, and conse- quently none of them figured in the struggle for the independence of the colo- nies. Governor Newbold is the son of Barzilla and Catherine (Houseman) New- bold. He was born in Fayette Count)', Pennsylvania, May 12, 1830, and reared as a farmer. When he was eight years of age the family moved to Westmoreland County, same State, where he was educated in the common school, and also in a select school or academy, the latter taught by Dr. John Lewis, since of Grinnell, Iowa. At sixteen he returned with the family to Fayette County, where he remained eight years, assisting his father in running a flouring mill, when not teaching. When about nine- teen he began the study of medicine, read- ing a year or more while teaching, and then abandoning the notion of being a physician. In the month of March, 1854, Mr. New- bold removed to Iowa, locating on a farm, now partly in the corporation of Mount Pleasant, Henry County. At the end of one year he removed to Cedar Township, Van Buren County, there merchandising and farming till about i860, when he re- moved to Hillsboro, Henry County and pursued the same callings. In 1862, when the call was made for 600,- 000 men to finish the work of crushing- the Rebellion, Mr. Newbold left his farm in the hands of his family and his store in charge of his partner, and went into the army as Captain of Company C, Twenty-fifth Regi- ment Iowa Infantry. He served nearly three years, resigning just beiore the war closed, on account of disability. During the last two or three months he served at the South he filled the position of Judge Advocate, with headquarters at Woodville, Alabama. His regiment was one of those that made Iowa troops famous. It arrived at Helena, Arkansas, in November, 1862, and sailed in December following on the expedition against Vicksburg by way of Chickasaw Bayou. At the latter place was its first en- gagement. Its second was at Arkansas Post, and there it suffered severely, losing in killed and wounded more than sixty. Alter Lookout Mountain it joined in the pursuit of Bragg's flying forces to Ring- GOVERNORS OF IOWA. 1.1, where ii engaged tlu- enemv in their strong works, Xovemhcr 27 losing twenty- nine w 1 tunded. The following year it joined Sherman in his Atlanta campaign, then on the famous march to the sea and through the Carolinas. ( )n returning to Iowa he continued in the mercantile trade at Hillsboro for three Or four years, and then sold out, giving thereafter his whole attention to agricult- ure, stock-raising and stock-dealing, mak- ing the stock department an important factor in his business for several years. Mr. Newbold was a member of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth General Assem- blies, representing Henry County, and was chairman of the school committee in the fourteenth, and of the committee on appro- priations in the fifteenth General Assembly. In the fifteenth (1874) he was temporary Speaker during the deadlock in organizing the House. In 1875 he was elected Lieu- tenant Governor on the Republican ticket with Samuel J. Kirkwood. His Democratic competitor was E. B. Woodward, who received 93,060 votes. Mr. Newbold received 1:54,166, or a majority of 31,106. Governor Kirkwood being elected United States Senator during that session, Mr. Newbold became Governor, taking the' chair February 1, 1877, and vacating it for Governor Gear in January, 1878. Governor Newbold's message to the Leg- islature in 1S7S shows painstaking care and a clear business like view of the in- terests ol the State-. His recommendations were carefully considered and largely adopted. The State's finances were then in a less creditable condition than ever be- fore or since, as there was an increasing floating debt, then amounting to $340,- 826.56, more than $90,000 in excess of the Constitutional limitation. Said Governor Newbold in his message: "Thecommon- V/ealth ought not to set an example of dila- toriness in meeting its obligations. Ol all forms of indebtedness, that of a floating character is the most objectionable. The uncertainty as to its amount will invariably enter into any computation made by persons contracting with the State for supplies, ma- terial or labor. To remove the present difficulty, and to avert its recurrence, 1 look upon as the most important work that will demand your attention." One of the greatest problems before statesmen is that of equal and just taxation. The following recommendation shows that Governor Newbold was abreast with fore- most thinkers, for it proposes a step which yearly finds more favor with the people: "The inequalities of the personal-property valuations of the several counties suggest to my mind the propriety of so adjusting the State's levy as to require the counties to pay into the State treasury only the tax on realty, leaving the corresponding tax on personalty in the county treasury. This would rest with each county the adjust- ment of its personal property valuations, without fear that they might be so high as to work injustice to itself in comparison with other counties." Governor Newbold has always affiliated with the Republican party, and holds to its great cardinal doctrines, having once em- braced them, with the same sincerity and honesty that he cherishes his religious senti- ments. He has been a Christian for some- thing like twenty-five years, his connection being with the Free-Will Baptist church. He found his wife, Rachel Farquhar, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, their union taking place on the 2d of May, 1850. They have had five children, and lost two. The names of the living are — Mary Allene, Emma Irene and George C. The Governor is not yet an old man, and may serve his State or county in other capacities in the coming years. /^*£^ JOH.V II. GEAR. 215 *•*£* g;^ 9[E eleventh to hold the highest official posi- tion in the State of Iowa was John H. Gear, of Burlington. He is yet living in that city. He was born in Ithaca, New York, April 7, 1825. His father was Rev. E.G. Gear, a cler- gyman of the Protestant Episcopal church, who was born in New London, Connecticut, in 1792. When he was quite young h i s family removed to Pittsfield, Berkshire County, Massachusetts; in 1816, after being or- dained, he emigrated to New York and settled at Onondaga Hill, near which is now the thriving city of Syracuse. Soon after locating there he was married to Miranda E. Cook. He was engaged in the ministry in various places in Western New York until 1836, when he removed to Galena, Illinois. There he remained until 1838, when he was appointed Chaplain in the United States Army at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. He died in 1874, aged eighty-two years. John H., his only son, in 1843, came to Burlington, where he has since continued to reside. On his arrival he commenced his mercantile career by engaging as clerk with the firm of Bridgeman & Bros. After being with this firm for a little over a year he entered the employ of W. F. Coolbaugh (since president of the Union National Bank, of Chicago), who was even at that early date the leading merchant of Eastern Iowa. He was clerk for Mr. Coolbaugh for about five years, and was then taken into partnership. The firm of W. F. Cool- baugh & Co. continued in business for nearly five years, when Mr. Gear suc- ceeded to the business by purchase, and carried it on until he became known as the oldest wholesale grocer in the State. He is now president of a large rolling mill company at Burlington. Mr. Gear has been honored by his fellow- citizens with many positions of trust. In 1852 he was elected alderman ; in 1863 was elected mayor over A. W. Carpenter, be- ing the first Republican up to that time who had been elected in Burlington on a party issue. In 1867 the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota Railroad Company was organized, and he was chosen as its president. His efforts highly contributed to the success of the enterprise, which did much for Burlington. He was also active in promoting the Burlington & Southwest- ern Railway, as well as the Burlington & Northwestern narrow-gauge road. 2l6 aovE/mo/fS of tow A. 1 [e has alw .i\ S acted with the Republican party, and in 1S71 was nominated and elected a member of the House of Repre- sentatives ol the Fourteenth General As- sembly, [n 1S73 he was elected to the Fifteenth tiencral Assembly. The Repub- lican caucus of the House nominated him for Speaker by acclamation, and after a contest of two weeks he was chosen over his opponent, J. W. Dixon. He filled the position of Speaker very acceptably, and at the close of the session all the members of the House, independent of part}' affili- ations, joined in signing their names to a resolution of thanks, which was engraved and presented to him. In 1875 he was the third time nominated to the Assembly by the Republican party, and while his county gave a large Democratic vote he was again elected. He was also again nominated for Speaker, by the Republican caucus, and was elected by a handsome majority over his competitor, Hon. John Y. Stone. He is the only man in the State who ever had the honor of being chosen to this high posi- tion a second time. He enjoys the reputa- tion of being an able parliamentarian, his rulings never having been appealed from. At the close of the session he again received the unanimous thanks of the House for his courtesy and impartiality. In 1877 he was nominated for Governor by the Republican convention which met at Des Moines, June 28, and at the election held the following October he received 121,546 votes, against 79,353 for John P. Irish, 10,639 for Flias Jessup, and 38,228 for D. P. Stubbs. His plurality over Irish was 42,193. He was inaugurated January 17, 1878, and served four years, being re-elected in 1879, by the following handsome vote: Gear, 157,571 ; Trimble, 85,056; Campbell, 45,439; Dungan, 3,258; Gear's majority over all competitors, 23,828. His second inauguration was in January, 1880. Governor Gear's business habits enabled him to discharge the duties of his office with marked ability. lie found the finan- cial condition of the State in a low ebb, but raised Iowa's credit to that of the best of our States. In his last biennial message he was able to report : " The warrants out- standing, but not bearing interest, Septem- ber 30, 1881, amounted to $22,093.74, and there are now in the treasury ample funds to meet the current expenses of the State. The war and defense debt has been paid, except the warrants for $125,000 negotiated by the executive, auditor and treasurer, under the law of the Eighteenth General Assembly, and $2,500 of the original bonds not yet presented for payment. The only other debt owing by the State amounts to $245,435.19, due to the permanent school fund, a portion of which is made irredeem- able by the Constitution. These facts place Iowa practically among the States which have no debt, a consideration which must add much to her reputation. The expenses of the State for the last two years are less than those of any other period since 1869, and this notwithstanding the fact that the State is to-day sustaining several institu- tions not then in existence; namely, the hospital at Independence, the additional penitentiary, the normal school, and the asylum for the feeble-minded children, be- sides the girl's department of the reform school. The State also, at present, makes provision for fish culture, for a useful weather service, for sanitary supervision by a board of health, lor encouraging im- migration to the State, for the inspection of coal mines by a State inspector, and liberally for the military arm of the Government." Governor Gear is now in the sixty-first year of his age, and is in the full vigor of both his mental and physical faculties. He was married in 1S52 to Harriet S. Foot, formerly of Middlcbury, Vermont, bv whom he has had four children, two of whom are living. :;v trxyz^cz^^ ", BUliEN li. SHERMAN. 2ig § 4w *Z~Kg-"* ft f lUKEBJ yt "^ p*£&>&sSfy HIE twelfth Governor of the State was Buren R. Sherman, who held office two terms, from 1882 to 1886. He was born in Phelps, Ontario County, New York, May 28, 1836, and is the third son of Phineas L. and Eve- line (Robinson) Sherman, both of whom were natives of the Empire State. The subject of this sketch received his early educa- tion in the public schools of his native place, and con- cluded his studies at Elmira, New York, acquiring a thorough knowledge of the English branches. At the close of his studies, acting on the advice of his father, who was a mechanic (an ax maker), he ap- prenticed himself to Mr. S. Ayres, of El- mira, to learn the watchmaker's trade. In 1855, with his family, he removed to Iowa and settled upon an unbroken prairie, in what is now Geneseo Township, Tama County, where his father had purchased lands from the Government. There young Sherman labored on his father's farm, em- ploying his leisure hours in the study of law, which he had begun at Elmira. He also engaged as bookkeeper in a neighbor- ly ing town, and with his wages assisted his parents in improving their farm. In the summer of 1859 he was admitted to the bar, and the following spring removed to Vin- ton, and began the practice of law with Hon. William Smyth, formerly District Judge, and J. C. Traer, conducting the business under the firm name of Smyth, Traer & Sherman. They built up a flourishing practice and were prospering when, upon the opening of the war, in 1861, Mr. Sherman enlisted in Company G, Thirteenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and immediately went to the front. He entered the service as Second Sergeant, and in February, 1862, was made Second Lieutenant of Company E. On the 6th of April following he was very severely wounded at the battle of Pittsburg: Landing, to to ' and while in the hospital was promoted to the rank of Captain. He returned to his company while yet obliged to use crutches, and remained on duty till the summer of 1863, when, by reason of his wound, he was compelled to resign and return home. Soon after returning from the army he was elected County Judge of Benton County, and re-elected without opposition in 1865. In the autumn of 1866 he resigned his judge- ship and accepted the office of clerk of the District Court, to which he was re-elected in 1868, 1870 and 1872, and in December, 1874, resigned in order to accept the office COVI .',■ \ ORS OF IOW I of Auditoi ol State, to which he had been elected by a majority of 28,425 over |. M. Kint;, the " anti-monopoly" candidate. In 1876 he was re-nominated and received 50,- 272 more votes than W. Growneweg( Demo- crat) and Leonard Broun (Greenback) to- gether. In 1878 he was again chosen to represenl the Republican partyin that, office, and this time received a majority of 7,164 over the combined votes of Colonel Eiboei k 1 I >emocrat) and (I. V. Swearenger (Green- back). In the six years that he held this office, lie was untiring in his faithful appli- 1 ation to routine work and devotion to his especial share of the State's business. He retired with such an enviable record that it was with no surprise the people learned, J une 27, 1 88 1, 1 hat he was the nominee of the Republican pari v for Governor The campaign was an exciting one. The General Assembly had submitted to the people the prohibitory amendment to the Constitution. This, while not a partisan question, became uppermost in the mind of the public. Mr. Sherman received 133,- 330 votes, against ^,244 for Kiimc and 28,- 1 12 for D. M. Clark, or a plurality of 50,086 and a majority of 21,974 In 1883 ne was re-nominated by the Republicans, as was L. G. Kinnc by the Democrats. The National party offered J. B. Weaver. During the campaign these candidates held a number of joint discussions at different points in the State. At the election the vote was : Sher- man, 164,182; Kinne, 139,093 ; Weaver, 23,- 1 189; Sherman's plurality, 25,089; majority, 2,000. In his second inaugural Govei Sherman said : "In assuming, for the second time, the office of Chief Magistrate of the State. I fully realize my grateful obligations to the people of Iowa, through whose generous confidence I am here. 1 am aware of the duties and grave responsibilities ol this ex- alted position, and as well what is expected ol me therein. As in the past I have given m\ undivided time and serious attention thereto, so ill the future I promise the most earnest devotion and untiring effort in the faithful performance of my official require- ments. 1 have seen the State grow from infancy to mature manhood, and each year one ol substantial betterment of its previous position. " Willi more railroads than any other State, save two; with a school interest the grandest and strongest, which commands the support and confidence of all the peo- ple, and a population, which in its entirety is superior to any other in the sisterhood, it js not strange the pride which attaches to our people. When we remember that the results of our efforts in the direction ol good government have been crowned with such magnificent success, and to-day we have a State in inosi perfect physical and financial condition, no wonder our hearts swell in honest pride as we contemplate the past and so confidently hope for the future. What we may become depends on our own efforts, and to that future I look with earnest and abiding confidence." Governor Sherman's term of office con- tinued until January 14, 1886, when he was succeeded by William Larrabee, and he is now, temporarily, perhaps, enjoying a well- earned rest, lie has been a Republican since the organization of that party, and his services as a campaign speaker have been for many years in great demand. As an officer he has been able to make an enviable record. Ilimsell honorable and thorough, Ins management ol public business has been of tin same character, A\)i\ su< h as has com- mended him to the hearty approval ol the citizens ol the Stale. He was man led August Jo, [862, to Miss Lena Kendall, oi Vinton, Iowa, a young lady of rare accomplishments and strength of character. The union has been happ) in every respect. They have two children Lena Kendall and Oscar Eugene, \ WILLIAM LARRABEE. .&£- V '^WILLIAM LftHRflBEE>> iffl-V \5 ^ I LLI AM LARRABEE is the thirteenth Governor of this State, and the six- teenth Governor of Iowa, counting 5 ' ' from the Territo- rial organization. His ancestors bore the name of d'Larrabee, and were among the French Hugue- nots who came to America early in the seventeenth century, set- tling in Connecticut. Adam Larrabee was born March 14, 1787, and was one of the early graduates (if West Point Military Academy. He served with distinction in the war of 181 2, having been made a Second Lieuten- ant March 1, 181 1. He was promoted to be Captain February 1, 18 14, and was soon after, March 30, of the same year, severely wounded at the battle of Lacole Mills, dur- ing General Wilkinson's campaign on the St. Lawrence. He recovered from this wound, which was in the lung, and was afterward married to Hannah Gallup Lester, who was born June 8, 179S, and died March '5. I ^37- Captain Larrabee died in 1869, aged eighty-two. The subject of this sketch was born at Ledyard, Connecticut, January 20, 1832- and was the seventh of nine children. He passed his early life on a rugged New Eng- land farm, and received only moderate school advantages. He attended the dis- trict schools winters until nineteen years of age, and then taught school for two winters. He was now of an age when it became necessary to form some plans for the future, In this, however, he was embarrassed by a misfortune which befel him at the age of fourteen. In being trained to the use of fire-arms under his father's direction, an ac- cidental discharge resulted in the loss of sight in the right eye. This unfitted him for many employments usually sought by ambitious youths. The family lived two miles from the sea, and in that locality it was the custom for at least one son in each family to become a sailor. William's two eldest brothers chose this occupation, and the third remained in charge of the home farm. Thus made free to choose for himself William decided to emigrate West. In 1853, accordingly, he came to Iowa. His elder sister, Hannah, wife of E. H. Williams, was then living at Garnavillo, Clayton County, and there he went first. In that way he selected Northeast Iowa as 1ms 2-M COl'EIiXOftS OF n>w I inline home. After teaching one winter at Hardin, he was for three years employed as a sor( ol foreman on the Grand Meadow farm ol his brother-in-law, Judge Williams. In 1857 he bought a one-third interest in the Clermont Mills, and located at Cler- mont, Fayette County. He soon was able to hn\ the other two-thirds, and within a year found himself sole owner. He oper- ated this mill until 1874, when he sold to S. M. Leach. On the breaking out of the war In- offered to enlist, but was rejected on ac- count of the loss of his right eve. Being informed he might possibly be admitted as a commissioned officer he raised a compar- and received a commission as First Lieu- tenant, but was again rejected for the same disability. After selling the mill Mr. Larrabee de- voted himself to farming, and started a private bank at Clermont. He also, ex- perimentallv, started a large nursery, but this resulted only in confirming the belief that Northern Iowa has too rigorous a cli- mate for fruit-raising. Mr. Larrabee did not begin his political career until 1867. He was reared as a Whig, and became a Republican on the or- ganization ol that part v. While interested in polities he generally refused local offices, serving only as treasurer of the School Board prior to 1867. In the autumn ol that year, on tin- Republican ticket, he was elected to represent his county in the State Senate. To this high position he was re- elected from time to time, so that he ser\ r ed as Senator continuously for eighteen years before being promoted to the highest office in the State. He was so popular at home that he was generally re-nominated by ac- clamation, and for some years the Demo crats did not even make nominations. During the whole eighteen years Senatoi Larrabee was a member of the principal nittee, that c>n Ways and Means. 1 I wnich he was generally chairman, and was also a member of other committees. In the pursuit of the duties thus devolving upon him he was indefatigable. It is said that he never missed a committee meeting. Not alone in this, but in private and public business of all kinds his uniform habit is that of close application to work. Many of the important measures passed by the Legislature owe their existence or present form to him. He was a candidate for the gubernatorial nomination in 1881, but entered the contest too late, as Governor Sherman's following had been successfully organized. In 1885 it was generally conceded before the meet- ing of the convention that he would be nominated, which he was, and his election followed as a matter of course. He was inaugurated January 14, 18S6, and so far has made an excellent Governor. His position in regard to the liquor question, that on which political fortunes are made and lost in Iowa, is that the majority should rule. He was personally in favor of high license, but having been elected Governor, and sworn to uphold the Constitution and execute the laws, he proposes to do so. A Senator who sat. beside him in the Senate declares him to be "a man of the broadest comprehension and information, an extraordinarily clear reasoner, fair and conscientious in his conclusions, and of Spartan firmness in his matured judg- ment," and says that " he brings the prac- tical facts and philosophy of human nature, the science and history of law, to aid in his decisions, and adheres with the earnestness of Jefferson and Sumner to the fundamental principles of the people's rights in govern ment and law." Governor Larrabee was married Sep. tember 12, 1861, at Clermont, to Anna M. Appelman, daughter of Captain G. A. Appelman. Governor Larrabee has seven children— Charles, Augusta, Julia, Anna, Wilham, Frederic and Helen. M CVUX-AJL— /3c^<^s HORACE BOIES. 225 aeaaB^fa^^^HaHBji^^ T 'rsf^f Cir. P. J. Barber. Mrs. Boies had removed to Iowa six months previous to her marriage. She died in April, 1877, leaving three chil- dren, a daughter and two sons. Earl L, the eldest, was graduated at Cornell College, studied law with his father, was admitted to the bar in 1886, and became the partner of his father. Jessie, the daughter, is her father's companion and housekeeper. Her- bert I!., the youngest, is a law student in his father's office at Waterloo. After pursuing the practice of his pro- m at Buffalo and vicinity for fifteen years, Mr. Boies removed to Iowa, settling at Waterloo in April, 1867. lie at once formed a law partnership with II. B, Allen, and for % time the tirm was Boies & Allen. Then Carolton F. Couch, the present District Judge, was admitted to membership, and the firm name became Boies, Allen & Couch. That connection was continued till l x "i s , when Mr. Allen, on account of failing health, was obliged to withdraw, the firm becoming Boies & Couch until 1SS-4, when Mr. Couch was elected Judge of the N inth Judicial Dis- trict. Mr. Boies was then alone in business for a short time, when he was joined by his eldest son. In L886 Mr. .lames L. Husted was admitted to membership in the firm, which has since continued under the name of Boies, Husted & Boies, and is widely known as a leading law tirm of eastern Iowa. Governor Boies was a Whig in early life, and mi the disruption of that party and the formation of the Republican party, he joined the latter. He was never ambitious to serve in official position, and with the exception of his one term in the Legislature of his native State and one term as City Attorney of Waterloo, he held no office of importance till elected Governor of Iowa in the fall of 1889. He maintained his connection with the Re- publican party until 1882, since which time he has affiliated with the Democrats. Gov- ernor Boies enjoys the distinction of being the first Governor of Iowa elected by the Democratic party for thirty live years, and was the only successful candidate of his party on the State ticket at the late election. Considering the fact that the State was car- ried the year previous, in the Presidential election, by a majority of 35,U00 in favor of the Republicans, the success of Governor Boies may be said to have been a compli- ment to him as a man and leader, without disparaging the splendid campaign work of his party managers, or ignoring the effect of the evident change in popular political senM- men t in Iowa. SU.atew. Crawford, Ida and Sac Counties. A. McHENRY, a banker and stock- breeder, of Denison, is one of the 31 most prominent men in western Iowa, and without more than a passing mention of him and his stock interests, a his- tory of Crawford county would be incom- plete. W. A. McHenry was born in Almond, Al- legany county, New York, March 6, 1841, son of James and Sarah (Allen) McHenry, the family being of Scotch- Irish extraction. Major John McHenry, great grandfather of W. A., emigrated to New York in 1739, and in the First New York Battalion, during the French war of 1756, served as Major. His son, Captain Henry McHenry, grand, father of our subject, was a Captain in the Second United States Infantry in the Revolu- tionary war. James McHenry was a Lien- tenant in Captain Van Campen's Company of New York Rifles in the war of 1812, and W. A. McHenry was First Sergeant in Company L, Eighth Illinois Cavalry in the late war. It is thus shown that Mr. Mc- Henry and his ancestors for four generations have served their country faithfully. The boyhood days of Mr. McHenry were spent in his native State. At the age of fourteen he came West, spent four years in Wisconsin, and from there went to Ogle county, Illinois. He enlisted there October 5, 1861, in Company L, Eighth Illinois Cav- alry, and re-enlisted in January, 1864, serving 20 until the war closed, and was mustered out at Chicago, July 23, 1865, as Orderly Sergeant. Mr. McHenry was married in January, 1864, to Mary L. Sears, a native of Massa- chusetts, daughter of David G. Olive (Dem- ing) Sears, and at the time of her marriage a resident of Roekford, Illinois. During the time that Mr. McHenry was in the war, after his marriage, his wife was in Denison, Iowa, acting as Deputy County Treasurer, Mr. McHenry's brother being Treasurer of Crawford county, so, as soon as he received his discharge he came direct to Iowa. Here he formed a partnership with his brother Morris in the banking and real-estate busi- ness. In 1877 he purchased his brother's interest, and has since operated the business in his own name. This was one of the first banks established in Crawford county. It was continued as a private bank until August 1, 1892, when it was changed to the First National Bank, in- o corporated, with a capital stock of $100,000 with Mr. McHenry its president and principal stockholder. It was begun in a small way and has grown until it is now one of the most substantial monetary institutions in the State. AVhile Mr. McHenry has been very suc- cessful in the various enterprises with which he has been connected, it is probably as a stock-breeder that he is most widely known. He is the owner of the " McHenry Park Farm,'" which comprises 320 acres, located BI0OBAPS1OAL HI8T0BT OF just outside the incorporated Limits of Den- ison, and which is complete in all it- appoint- ments. Here Mr. McHenry is engaged in breeding the Aberdeen-Angus cattle, the name being derived from Aberdeen and An- t^us counties, Scotland, where the Aberdeen- Angus Breeders' Association was Eormed about the year 1860. It was then that this particular breed of cattle received its name. For several generations the Watsons have been engaged in breeding this stock in Scut land and have dune much toward bringing it ii|i to its present high standard. William Watson spent some time with the Messrs. Colling, prominent shorthorn breeders of that country, Learning the best methods of raising thoroughbred cattle. The extremely Low price of beef at first retarded the breed- ing of these cattle, but with advanced prices a new impetus was given to the business and many prominent stockmen began pushing this famous grade of cattle to the front, where it ><. deservedly belongs. It is estimated that at present there are 20,000 Aberdeen- Angus thoroughbreds in Scotland, and 10,00(1 in America. The McHenry Park herd was started in 1887, and in establishing it Mr. McHenry spared no expense. He purchased the best animals from the leading herds in America, the following families being repre- sented in his lcrd: Prides, Blackbirds, Eries, Queen Mothers, Vines, Ruths, Jinetts, .leans, Isabellas, Minnies, Nightingales. ( ieorgianas, Zaras and CoquetteB. He bae 120 head of registered thoroughbreds, and 300 head of grades, half and three-quarter Aberdeen-An- gus. Each year he exhibits his show herd at the State fairs of Lowa, Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri, and in this way the superiority of his stock has gained for him no little no- toriety. At the Illinois State fair, held at Peoria in 1892, he competed against herds from Beveral State.- of the Hnion, and carried off the highest honors, winning the grand sweepstakes' prize for the best herd of beef breeds. He is president and one of the directors of the American Aberdeen- Angus Breeders' Association, and devotes much time and energy to the advancement of its interests. Resides his stock farm and city property. Mr. McHenry owns a number of other farms, making in all some 4,000 acres, the most of which is in Crawford county. lie and his wife have four children: Sears, who is cashier in his father's bank ; Jennie, wib' of Louis Seeniann, who is an assistant in the bank; Abbie and George. Mr. and Mrs. McHenry are members of the Baptist Church, ami are prominent in social circles, he being actively identified with tin' G. A. R., and she with the Woman's Relief Corps. He has held the office of Department Commander of Iowa, while his wife has tilled the positions of Department President, Treasurer and Coun- sellor, and has also had the honor of being National President. fO. CRAWFORD, a farmer of Garfield township, Ida county, was born in I.an- ° arkshire. Scotland, February 17, 1828, a son of Alexander and Mary (Floyd) Craw- ford, natives also of Scotland. The father was a farmer and weaver h\ trade. The par- ents reared a family of four children. William, James <»., Alexander and John. Mr. and Mrs. Crawford were members of the I'lc-by- terian Church. James ()., the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in bis native land. He was there encaged for many years in a cot- ton factory, then in boiler-making and ship CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 231 building. He then became a member of the police force in Glasgow and after only one year's service was advanced as superior officer, holding the office of Sergeant over 100 men. He was also appointed Inspector of Markets and common lodging houses, which office he held for nine years. He resigned and joined the Manchester police force the year of the Exhibition. He was the last one of 700 to make application that day and was the first one enrolled, and was on duty that night. He remained on that force, much respected by his superior officers, until the Government appointed the Scotch rural police force and he was urged to return to his native land and take charge of a coal mining district. Under the circumstances he returned to Scotland and remained on that force for sixteen years. During all that time Mr. Crawford was never suspended or dismissed from the service which he claims cannot be said of one man out of 500. In 1879 he came to America, locating near Cascade, Dubuque county, Iowa, and resided there and in other sections of this State until 1882. In that year he purchased wild land in Garfield township, Ida county, to which he has since added until he now owns 620 acres of Ida county's finest soil. Mr. Crawford has a good residence", 16 x 24 feet, with an L 16 x 16 feet, a barn 32 x 31 feet, a modern wind-mill, with 700 feet of pipes sending water through alibis buildings, stock scales and many other conveniences. Five acres of his place is devoted to a beautiful grove and orchard. Our subject was married at the age of twenty-eight years, to Miss Janet Scott, a native of Douglas Castle, Lanarkshire, Scot- land, and a daughter of James and Lilly (Muir) Scott. To this union was born eight children, viz.: Lilly, wife of Manley Kelley, of Delaware county, Iowa, and they have three children; Alexander, married, resides on a well-cultivated farm, adjoining his father's, and has one child; Mary, wife of Jesse Nor- ton, of Garfield township, has three children; James S. is at home; Thomas D., at home; Janet, wife of Jacob Spotts, of Maple town- ship, a son of one of the wealthiest and most respected citizens of Garfield township; Ag- nes B. and "William S., at home. In his political views Mr. Crawford votes with the Republican party, and has held the position of Justice of Peace. He is one of the leading and prominent citizens of Garfield township. S^ F. GILBERT, who resides on a farm of 160 acres in section 3, Maple town- ship, Ida county, Iowa, has been iden- tified with the agricultural interests of this place since 1888. Mr. Gilbert was born in Herkimer county, New York, September 26, 1856, son of S. L. and Eveline (Seaman) Gilbert, natives of New York. His grandfathers were Amos Gilbert and Jacob Seaman. S. L. Gilbert had two brothers in the late war, Fred and Amos. The former, now deceased, was wounded at Vicks- burg, and the latter was a prisoner at Ander- sonville, and died. Mr. Gilbert came West to Jones county, Iowa, in 1857, where he im- proved a farm and operated a cheese factory. He is now engaged in the grain, cheese and creamery business at Onslow, that county. He is an active member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and in politics is a Republican. He and his wife have six children, namely: H. L., Ida L., Lester D., Addie, Lydia and Fred. The subject of our sketch received his edu- cation in Jones county and at Mount Vernon, ass BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF Iowa. In L888 he came to hie present loca- tion and settled cm the farm his father had purchased in L883. This farm be baa im- proved with good buildings: a story and a half residence, 16x24 Eeet; a barn H> x H'J Eeet, and a shed ~d \ :SI> feet; and has planted a grove and orchard. He was married in Jones county, Iowa, January L ,1881, to Miss Mary E. Doherty, a native of Springfield, Massachusetts, and a daughter of P. V. and Mary Doherty. Her mother is deceased. When she was si\ or seven rears old Mrs. Gilbert came to Iowa, ami in this Slate -lie was reared and educated. They have five children: Earl I.., Elva M., Irm'a I... Willie II. and Clifford D. Mr. Gilbert is an enterprising and pro- gressive young man and takes an active inter- est in promoting the general welfare of the community. He is a Republican and a mem- ber of i. 6. o. v. A. LOW, one of the prominent and representative men of Delaware town- \ Q ,-hi|i, located here in L884. He came to Ida county, Iowa, in ISM, where he lo- cated in Douglas township. He was horn in Governeur, St. Lawrence county. New York, •Inly 12, 1841, and was a son of Joseph Low, a native of Montreal. Canada, hut was reared in Vermont. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was I'miU Lake, who was born near Rochester, New Fork, and died in Illi- nois in L886, al the age of seventy one. The father died in Delaware township in L892,.at the age of eighty-One. They were the parents of five children, as EoIIowb: Harvey K., Clin- ton A.. Henry J.. Janet S. and Julia E., ami one of these, Harvey, was in the army in an Ohio regiment and died in western Vir- ginia of fever. Our subject was reared in St. Law- rence county, New York, educated in the common schools and learned the trade of car- penter. August U, 1862, he enlisted in Com- pany A, One hundred and Forty-second New York Volunteers, and served three years. He was first under fire in South Carolina near Charleston, also participated in the bat- tles at Bermuda Hundreds, Cold Harbor, be- low Richmond, before Petersburg and then at Fort Fisher and Raleigh, North Carolina. At this city our subject was honorably dis- charged and returned to Ogdensburg, New York, and remained in that State some eight- een months. lie then went to Rristol, Ken- dall county, Illinois, remaining about one year and then migrated to Coopersville, Ot- tawa county, Michigan, where he remained two years and then returned to Bristol, Illi- nois, remaining this time eight or nine months. lie then returned to Coopersville and made that town his home for three months and then went to Ogdensburg, New York, and from there to Aurora, Illinois. At this pleasant city he remained eighteen months and from there went to Lee Center, Lee county, Illinois, remaining two years, then to Leeland, Illinois, back again to Lee Center, and from there to Douglas township, Ida county, Iowa, farming at the latter place until 1SS4, when he located in Sac county and bought out D. M. Sawyer's improved farm consisting of eighty acres, and our sub- ject has it well improved and cultivated. The building is a good one, 16x32 feet, sur- rounded by a beautiful grove and orchard ..f some tour acres. Daring the summer of 1891 he was a sailor on the Great Lakes on a boat that ran from Ogdensburg to Chicago. Our subject was first married, at the age of twenty-five, to Miss Sarah Jane Cooper, who was born in St. Lawrence county. New York, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. a daughter of Ivory and Laura (Lake) Cooper, but she died in 1868. Our subject was again married in 1870, in Newark, Kendall county, Illinois, to Margaret Finlayson, who was born in Scotland, and who when young came to that State with her parents. She was a daughter of William and Jeanette (Mitchell) Finlayson, natives of Scotland, who were early settlers in the town of Yorkville, Illi- nois. They reared six children, one son and five daughters, the former serving through the late war in the Thirty-sixth Volunteer Infantry. To our subject and his wife two children have been born: Jennie E. and Julia E. Our subject is one of the prominent mem- bers of the Democratic party in Delaware township, is one of the present Township Trustees, and has served on the School Board. Socially he belongs to William Price Post, G. A. R., No. 392, and is also a member of Newall Lodge, (Masonic,) No. 428. Our subject is one of the most highly esteemed men in this locality, his frank, genial man- ner making him many friends. He is always interested in all the measures for the public good in his neighborhood and is justly con- sidered one of the best citizens. fH. HAYES, well known throughout Crawford county as a successful stock- a man, has a fine farm of 500 acres, located in section 12, Washington township, and has been identified with the interests of this place since 1883. Mr. Hayes dates his birth in Stephenson county, Illinois, May 7, 1850. His father, Samuel Hayes, a native of Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, located in Illinois in 1844, becoming one of the earliest pioneers of that place and one of its most prominent citi- zens, and remaining there for a number of years. He died at Warsaw, Illinois, at the age of eighty-one years. He was a tanner by trade, but during the greater part of his lift- was engaged in farming and stock-raising. The mother of our subject was before her marriage Miss Mary Hutchinson. She was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, lived to be seventy- nine years of age, and died at War- saw, Illinois. They had five sons and one daughter. Four of the sons were in the late war, namely: John, who served four years as a member of the Eleventh Illinois Infantry, is now a resident of Stephenson county, Illi- nois, having been County Sheriff four years; Russell, who was first a member of the Eleventh Illinois Infantry, was wounded and was afterward attached to the One Hundred and Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry as Captain of Company E, is now Deputy United States Marshal of Chicago; Samuel, also a member of the One Hundred and Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry, is now Senior Professor of the Law School of Iowa City; and Robert, who served in the One Hundred and Forty-second Illinois Infantry, is now principal of the East Dubuque School. J. H. Hayes was reared and educated in Stephenson county, Illinois, and for some time was engaged in teaching. In 1871 he went to South Dakota and in Turner county spent the following two or three years. He then returned to Stephenson county, where he was engaged in farming until 1882. He next traveled over various portions of the West, looking for a location, and in 1883 settled here. His farm had been partly im- proved by Ed Trowbridge, and Mr. Hayes has brought it up to its present high state of development. The cottage home is sur- rounded with orchard and grove, and the 281 BIOGRAPHICAL SIBTORT OF barn, stock scales, windmill, and, in Bhort, everything about the place lias an air <>f gen- eral prosperity. 1 1 * • buys and sells Btook, dealing chiefly in cattle, and usually keeps ahonl LOO head of cattle on his farm. Mr. Eayes was married at Galena, Illinois, December 15, 1880, to Mary Evans, wlio was limn in England and educated at Galena. Her father is now a resident uf Galena, her mother having died in England. Mr. and Mrs. Eayes have rive children: Mary, Fanny Belle, Ilellen, .James II. and Robert Russell. In his political views Mr. Hayes is an in- dependent. While in Stephenson county, Illi- nois, he served as County Supervisor; has been Township Trustee here. His wife is a member of the Baptist Church. They are people of intelligence and true worth, and are held in high esteem by all who know them. £ > X-^T W. PERKINS, one of the promi- ' l/'A/i nent and well-known citizens of [da . ; ■~ r ~ i 3 county. Iowa, resides on a farm of 160 acres near Eolstein. A brief sketch of Mr. Perkins' life is as follows: \V. W. Perkins was born in Belmont county, Ohio, January f>, 1*50, son of Pemphrey Per- kins, a native of Ohio, and a grandson of E. Perkins, who was born in Pennsylvania and who settled in Belmont county, Ohio, when a boy. Pemphrey Perkins married IVrmelia (4 roves, also a native of Belmonl county. Ohio, and they had three children, namely: W. W.J Hannah, who liver- in Ohio; and James, on the old homestead. The father was a farmer, a Republican, and a member of the Christian ( 'hurch. The subject of our sketch was reared on his father's farm. Although quite young at the time of Morgan's raid in Ohio, he took pari in the pursuit after that noted leader. At the age of seventeen we find him at work in Noble county. ( >hio. at $9 per month. From there he went to Henry county, Illinois, where his wages were increased to $20 per month. He afterward resided near Clarence, Cedar county, Iowa, and in 1886 came from that place to his present locality. Ee bought and improved a farm and sold it at a good profit. Now he owns 100 acres of fine land in sec- tion 15, Logan township, which he has im- proved and has under a high state of cultiva- tion, devoting it to general farming, stock raising and feeding. Mr. Perkins married a Miss Dodson, a native of Warren county, Illinois, and a daughter of It. S. and Cynthia (Thresher) Dodson. Her mother is deceased and her father is now a resident of Cedar county. Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Perkins have three children: Ewa Pearl, Earnest Clifford, and Erven, Mr. Perkins is an active worker in the ranks of the Republican party. Ee takes a deep interest in educational affairs and has served as President of the School Board. In the prime of life, of a jovial nature, frank and cordial with all, he is one of the most popular men in Logan township. RECTOR BAXTER, a farmer of Maple township, Ida county, was born in Ar- gyleshire, Scotland, June 16, 1834, a son of John and Mary (McNeill Baxter, na- tives also of that country, where they lived and died. They were members of prominent Scottish families, and were Presbyterians in their religious views. Eector Baxter, our subject, was reared and educated in his native country, where he CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 235 learned and followed the trade of shoemaker many years. In 1877 he left his native land for the United States, and, after landing in New York, purchased and improved 160 acres of wild land in Tama county, Iowa. He sold this land in 1881, and bought 320 acres in Ida county, all of which is now improved, with a good, two-story, eight-roomed house, 28 x 30 feet, a barn, 30 x 36 feet, and a tine grove and orchard. Mr. Baxter is here exten- sively engaged in farming and stock-raising, making a speciality of shorthorn cattle. He was married at the age of twenty-five years to Miss Margaret, a daughter of John and Helen (Cockburn) Stuart, who were born, lived and died in Scotland. Mr. and Mrs. Baxter have had seven children, viz.: Nellie, wife of Dr. F. B. AYarnoek, a leading physician of Battle Greek; John and James, at home; William, in Nebraska; Mary, a successful teacher of Los Angeles, California; Hector M. and Stuart. Politically, Mr. Baxter affili- ates with the Democratic party, and is one of the solid and progressive men of Maple town- ship. Both he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. -i: > US E. BOARDMAN, a farmer of Douglas township, Ida county, was born in a Saratoga county, New York, July 9, 1841, a son of John Boardman, a native of the same State. His father, Daniel Board- man, was born in Canada, of English ances- try. The mother of our subject, formerly Matilda Buttles, was born in New York, a daughter of Ike Buttles. Mr. and Mrs. Boardman removed to Lee county, Illinois, when that locality was new and wild, set- tling near Paw Paw Grove, and they were also among the early pioneers of Benton county, Iowa. The parents reared a family of ten children, of whom one son, John, was a soldier in the late war, in the Sixth Iowa Infantry. He was wounded at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and died at St. Louis, Missouri, at about the age of twenty-three years. The father departed this life in Ben- ton county, Iowa, at the age of seventy-six years. He was a farmer by occupation, a Republican in his political views, and socially was made a Mason in New York. The mother died at the age of eighty-five years. H. E. Boardman, our subject, was five years of age when the family removed to Illinois, and thirteen when they came to Ben- ton county, Iowa, where he followed the vocation of a farmer. In 1881 he bought of Baxter & Reed a farm which had been im- proved by John Irwin, in Douglas township, Ida county. Mr. Boardman now owns 160 acres of well-improved land, has a one and a half story residence, 16 x 24 feet, with an L 12 x 24 feet, a barn 30 x 24 feet, and his place is well adapted for stock-raising, having three good springs. Our subject was married at the age of twenty-four years, in Benton county, Iowa, to Miss Rachel Manwell, a native of Kos- ciusko, Kosciusko county, Indiana, and a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Shu- maker) Manwell. The father was born in Connecticut, but reared in Ohio, and the mother was a native of the latter State. They located near Brandon, Buchanan county, Iowa, at an early day, where the father after- ward died, and the mother now resides in the State of Washington. Mr. and Mrs. Man- well reared a family of eleven children, eight sons and three daughters. One son, Ben, took part in the late war, in an Iowa regi- ment, and died in the State of Washington. Mr. and Mrs. Boardman have had seven chil- 386 lUoiniM'IlK'M, HISTORY OF dren: Charles C, Loretta (wife of "William Dahnke, of Cherokee county, Iowa), Stephen, George Franklin, William F., Thomas E. and John (deceased at the age of three years). Mr. Board man is a leader in the Republican party in this township, and has served as Township Trustee and Justice of the Peace. Socially, he is a member of the I. O. O. F. fTAMES ('. PRESTON, proprietor of the 'A -Willow Dale" stock-farm near Battle ^C Creek, in Maple township, Ida county, Iowa, was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, August 27, 1852, son of John and Matilda (Hill) Freston. He was the fifth-born in a family of eight children^ was reared to farm life and was educated in the schools of his native land. At the age of nineteen lie came to America and located in Kane county, Illi- nois, and from there, in 1872, came to Ida county, Iowa. Here for five years lie was, in company with his brother Andrew, success- fully engaged in farming. In 1877 he bought eighty acres of wild land, has since made other purchases, and is now the owner of 200 acres, one of the best farms in the township. It is nicely improved and utilized as a stock and grain farm. His house, 24 x 32 feet, is a story and a half, and is surrounded with lawn and forest trees. He has a grove and orchard of ten acres. His barn, sheds, cribs, feed lots, fences, etc., are all kept in first-class order. Aldrich creek flows through his broad acres and furnishes an abundant supply of water for stock purposes. He keeps the best grade of stock, is the pioneer in raising red-polled cattle in this vicinity, and has some of the finest cattle to be found in western Iowa. He also raises Poland-China hogs. Mr. Preston was married in Ida county Iowa, in 1875, to Miss Lizzie L. Todd, who, was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, daughter of James and Christena (Cragie) Todd, now of Ida Grove. They have two children: David C. and Amy H. Mr. Preston's political views are in har- mony with Republican principles, and in the ranks of that party he is an active worker. He also takes an active interest in the tem- perance cause and in church and Sabbath- school work. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, and he has been Secretary and a Trustee of the church for a number of years and is now Deacon. He has been Sabbath-school Superintendent for three years, and is now President of the Sab- bath-school Association of Ida county. He is also President of the School Board of this township, which office he has filled for three years. Mr. Preston is a man in the prime of life, is frank and jovial with all, and few men in this vicinity have more friends than he. C. WATSON.— The Wall Lake Post- office, of Iowa, was established in 1877, 9 of which the first postmaster was ('. L. Sherwood, who was succeeded by II. B. Allen, in 1880, who held the office until 1SS5, when it was taken charge of by R. L. Pattison, who held it until 188'J, when C. C. Watson, our subject, the present Postmaster was appointed. This is a money-order of- fice and has been 60 since 1880. Our sub- ject has been a resident of Sac county for the past eighteen years, locating here in 1 S TI. He is a native of De Kalb county, Illinois, where he was born, July 1, 1855. He was the son of John A., and Clara M., (Woodard) Watson, both of whom were natives Cu AW FORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 237 of Vermont, both deceased; the mother dying in Illinois and the father living until 1890, when he died in Wall Lake, Iowa. He was a farmer by occupation and had located a prairie farm in section 1, Viola township, which he improved from a raw tract of land. He was a quiet unassuming man, a member of the Baptist Church. The originators of the family were Scotch-Irish, with an inter- mingling of German blood, and this made Mr. Watson a sturdy and enterprising pio- neer. His land which he improved in Sac county, consisted of 480 acres. He reared a family of five children, as follows: Ann M., deceased; Charles E., deceased; Mary, wife of G. H. Graves, resides in Lake View, Sac county; Henry, resident of Mapleton, Iowa, and Carl C, who is the subject of this sketch. The latter was reared on his father's farm in Illinois, educated in the public schools, and in 1878 began to do business for himself. He engaged in farming upon a tract of 160 acres, given him by his father, and continued at that place until 1882, when he located in Wall Lake, in the hardware business. This he continued until 1891, when he sold out and has devoted himself to the duties of the Post office. Mr. Watson is one of the active Republicans of Sac county, and has served as Mayor of Wall Lake for two terms and has also been President of the School Board. He is a member of A. F. & A. M., Lake Lodge, No. 390, Darius Chapter, Sac city, and is also a K. of P., Chevalier Lodge, No. 360, in which he has held all the chairs. He was married March 5, 1877, to Miss Ella J. Palmer, a daughter of L. M. and Jane (Scott) Palmer. Mrs. Watson was born in Upper Canada and was the last, but one, in a family of twelve children. Her mother is still living at Vail, Iowa, but her father is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Watson have three children, namely; Blanche, Joyce and Carl C, Jr. Mr. Watson has been one of the active business men of Wall Lake and has here erected a good residence, also a brick building, 25 x 50 feet, for business purposes. •<^isisi/?s- -q/inns^- fOSEPH McCLINTOCK, a farmer of Coon Valley township, Sac county, was born in Pittsburg, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, May 13, 1825, a son of Andrew McClintock, who was born on the same farm as his son. His father, Joseph McClintock, was a native of Dublin, Ireland, and lived to the advanced age of 103 years. The mother of our subject, nee Jane Eckles, was also born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Andrew Eckles, a native of New England. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew McClintock were the parents of seven children, viz. : Mary, James Harvey, Joseph, Ann J., Bebeckey, Margaret and Catherine. The mother died in Iowa, aged sixty-five years, and the father died in Butler county, this State, at the age of seventy years. He was a farmer by occupation, a Democrat in his political views, and relig- iously, a member of the Methodist Church. Joseph, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native State. At the age of twenty-five years he came West to Iowa, locating near Cascade, Dubuque county, where he bought and improved a farm. In 1867 he engaged in the same occupation three and a half miles northwest of Storm Lake, in Buena Vista county, but seven years after- ward sold that place and bought eighty acres of land in Coon Valley township, Sac county. Mr. McClintock's farm is now under a fine state of cultivation, with a good, two-story residence, 16x24 feet, and an L, 14x26 feet. He was married September 17, 1851, to 888 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF Miss Mars Maim, a native of Itroome county, New York, and a daughter of .lames ami Ann (Ackley) Maim, the Conner a native of Scot land, and the latter of Long [eland, New York. The parents reared a family of eight children, three sons and five daughters. One son. Theodore, a resident of this township, took an active part in the late war. The mother died at the age of forts two years, and the father aged Beventy-six years. lie was a farmer by occupation, and a Republican in his political views. Mr. and Mrs. McClintock bave had nine children: John, Augustin, Jane Ann, Joseph, Theodora, Sarah, Mary, Frank and .lames Harvey. Our subject takes an active interest in politics, his first presidential vote having been cast for James K. Polk, lie has witnessed a great change in the county, and is interested in everything for its good. Mrs. McClintock is a member of the Methodist Church. . N 1 >REW RUSSELL, a prominent farm- er of Boyer Valley township, near the post office of Early, one of the well- known citizens, who settled in this township in 1873, was born in Park county, Indiana, near Rockville, April 6, 1835, a son of Ben and Sarah (Johnson) Russell. The father was born in Kentucky, the mother in Ohio. In 1849, when our subject was fourteen years of age, the family removed to Clinton county, Iowa, locating near Lyon6, where the father died in 1871. As an occupation he had al- ways followed farming, had taken an active interest in political affairs, always voting with the Republican party, was a good citi- zen and a consistent member of the Chris- tian Church. The mother is now living in Clinton county at the advanced age of eighty- two years. She has been the mother of four BOBS and four daughters. One son, Monroe, became a soldier during the war, in the Sec- ond losva Infantry, lives in Jackson county, where be was one of the early settlers. < hi April 23, 1854, our subject started West, overland, journeying to Oregon and California, and from that date to 185'.), en- gaged in prospecting, mining and freighting with pack mules, lie returned via the Isth- mus and Mississippi river to Iowa, located in Clinton county and engaged in fanning un- til 1873. At the latter date he came to Sac county, settling in Boyer Valley township, where he opened up and improved his pres- ent farm. The residence is a good frame structure, one and one-half stories high, 14x22 feet, with an L of the same height, also 14 x 22 feet, and is surrounded by a fine grove and orchard, of three acres. The barn is a convenient building, 32x50 feet, well constructed and substantial. At the age of tsventy-ti ve, in Clinton county, Iowa, he was married to Easter Case, a native of Clay county, Indiana, daughter of Obetliah and Susanna (Royality) Case. The father was born in Tennessee and the mother in Kentucky. They had moved to Clinton county in 1846, where both died. Two of their sons took part in the late war: Zeniah served in the Tsventy^sixth Iowa, and died during service, svhile Isaiah also died in the army. Our subject and wife have had twelve children, namely: Luella, wife of Henry Ward, resides at Slaughter, Washington; Orion and wife reside in Washington; and Albert also resides in the same State; Eudora is the wife of Oren Prentice, and resides in Washington, she having been a teacher in Sac county before her marriage; Elmondab is the wife of George Smith, of Washington; Walter is at home; Edith is the wife of CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 239 George Roe, of this township; Alvin, Ethel, Dayton, Carra and Effie are at home. Our subject takes an active interest in politics and always votes the Republican ticket. He has been identified with most of the improve- ments that have been carried on since his settlement here, and has been a member of the School Board for some years. Mrs. Rus- sell was reared in the Baptist faith, in which church she is a valued member. |||ENJAMIN CLEVELAND, a highly >fPlj res P ecte ^ citizen, residing on a farm *^jp in Coon Valley township, Sac county, Iowa, dates his birth in Otsego county, New York, in 1814. His father, Benjamin Cleve- land, Sr., had a brother in the war of 1812, and their father, Joseph Cleveland, was a Revolutionary soldier. The Clevelands are descended from English ancestry. Our sub- ject's mother was, before her marriage, Miss Lydia Cooper. She was, born in Rhode Is- land and was a daughter of Joseph Cooper. They had nine children, six sons and three daughters, namely: Stephen, Joseph, Benja- min, George, Lafayette, Christopher, Laura, Lydia and Percilla. When Benjamin was sixteen years old, in 1828, the family moved to Erie county, Pennsylvania. From there they moved to Huron county, Ohio, thence to Miami county, same State, thence to South Bend, Indiana, afterward to St. Joseph county, Michigan, and then to Dane county, Wisconsin. Near Madison, in Dane county, the father died, aged seventy years. He was in politics a Whig, and in religion, a mem- ber of the Christian Church. The mother died in Marion county, Iowa, at the age of eighty-five years. Previous to his coming to Sac county, in 1880, Mr. Cleveland had lived in Marion county, this State. Upon his arrival here he bought 560 acres of land, all in one body, a portion of which he has since divided among his children, giving to each of them a farm. He retains for himself 160 acres, located in section 17. In 1843 Mr. Cleveland married Miss Ma- tilda flayden, a native of Cuyahoga county, Ohio, born near Mentor, Garfield's old home. Her parents, John and Louisa (Babc-ock) Hayden, were natives respectively of Ver- mont and Grand Island, in Lake Champlain. Her father died in Michigan, at the age of fifty-four years; and her mother, in Jones county, Iowa, aged ninety-one. They had a family of thirteen children. Mr. and Mrs. Cleveland have five children, namely: C. C, Auditor of Sac county; Benjamin P., Coon Valley township; E. V., also of Coon Valley township; Emily, wife of James Neal; and Electa, wife of N. S. Lyon. They lost their first-born, Louis, at the age of thirteen months. Mr. Cleveland is identified with the Re- publican party, and he and his wife are mem- bers of the Christian Church. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic order, Union Grove Lodge. |p[RASMUS M. JONES, another one of the prosperous farmers of Crawford county, Iowa, dates his birth in Perry county, Pennsylvania, April 27, 1824. His parents, John and Catherine Jones, both died in Pennsylvania when he was eleven years old. He and his brother, Sylvester H., were the only children they had. Mr. Jones was reared in his native State and there learned the trade of manufacturing woolen goods, in which business he was en- 240 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF gaged for a number of years. He was com- pelled to give up this business on account of free trade, and in 1854 he turned his attention to farming, and devoted his time to agricultural pursuits until 1879, with the exception of six year6 spent in the lumber business. In 1879 he came to Crawford county, and bought 160 acres of the original Charter Oak farm, the southeast quarter of section 22. At the time he settled here this land was all covered with a rank growth of weeds, which required several years of hard labor to eradicate. Here he has since lived, and by honest, earnest work has prospered and deveioped his farm into one of the finest in the county. He opened up a large sand bank on his place, from which he furnishes a supply of sand to the surrounding towns and country. In 1890 he laid out an addition to Charter Oak, known as the Jones' Addition, composed of eighteen lots, each 50 x 150 feet. He is enterprising and public-spirited and takes an active interest in all that pertains to the welfare of his vicinity. Politically, he is a Republican, having been an old-line Whig before the organization of this party. He has served as a member of the School Board, as Eoad Supervisor and in other official capacities. February 11, 1844, he was united in mar- riage to Miss Lydia Wheeling, a native of Center county, Pennsylvania, born October 5, 1826. They have had eight sons and four daughters, namely: Sylvester L., a farmer ivsiding in this county; John H., also en- gaged in farming in this county; Marshall L., a farmer of Crawford county; Winfield S., engaged in raining in Washington; George, Gideon, Ellis and an infant son, deceased; Susan C, wife of William Deter, Crawford county; Mary M., wife of S. F. Wirtz, a farmer of Crawford county; and Itebecca and Klmi'da, deceased. The family have always been associated with the English Lutheran Church of the General Synod. ATCRISON EATON, a highly respected citizen residing on a farm near Lake View, in Viola township, Sac county, Iowa, dates his birth in Pike township, Wyo- ming county, New York, May 11, 1840. He was the seventh-born in the family of eight children of Amasa and Lydia (Campbell) Eaton, natives of Pennsylvania, and spent his early boyhood days in New York. When he was about nine or ten years old the family moved to De Kalb county, Illinois, and set- tled on a farm, where he grew to manhood. When the war came on he enlisted in Com- pany B, Thirty-sixth Illinois Cavalry, and served under Captains Duncan and Shear. He participated in many of the important engagements of the West, and was on the memorable " march to the sea." He was honorably discharged September 23, 1864. During his service he contracted asthma, from which disease he is still a sufferer. After the war Mr. Eaton returned to De Kalb county, Illinois, and remained there until 1871. Then he mored to Floyd county, Iowa, and at that place developed a farm. In 1888 he came to Sac county and bought an improved farm of eighty acres in section 1 of Viola township, where he is now 7 engaged in dairy farming, milking an average of fifteen cows. He has a comfortable cottage home, a story and a half, 14 x 22 feet, with an L, 12 x 22 feet; barn, 30 x 36 feet; sheds, yards, feed lots, windmill, etc. Mr. Eaton was married, November 25, 1867, in De Calb county, Illinois, to Eliza Garbutt, who was born, reared and educated CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 241 in Canada. Her parents, John and Eleanor (Bellwood) Garbntt, natives of Yorkshire, England, were married in Canada and died at Sycamore, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Eaton have had seven children, viz.: Ida M., wife of Mel Wright, of Wall Lake township, Sac county, Iowa; Albert F., also a resident of Wall Lake township-, Myrtilla, Wilbert, George R., Arthur J. and Richard. Mr. Eaton affiliates with the Republican party, and is a member of Gardner Post, No. 90, G. A. R., Nora Springs, Floyd eounty, Iowa. He takes an active interest in every- thing for the good of the township and con nty in which he lives. Personally, he is a man of generous impulse, is frank and cordial in his manner, and has made hosts of friends wherever lie has lived. --^isiSl/L- -^r 1/inn^ fOSHUA WELTZHEIMEE is one of the representative farmers of Delaware town- ship, Sac eounty, Iowa, and has been a resident here since 1885. He was born in Fairfield eounty, Ohio, May 15, 1833, and was a son of Daniel and Margaret Weltz- heimer, the former a native of Shepherdstown, Pennsylvania, and the latter of Fairfield ■eounty, Ohio, where her death oecurred some years ago, and the father died in 1870, in his seventy-eighth year. He was a farmer and reared four sons and two daughters. Three of the sons were in the late war. George was a naemberof the Forty- third Ohio Infantry, and was in North Carolina during service and was killed; Samuel was in the One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Infantry, serving three years in Company G. Our subject was reared to farm life and educated in the common schools, but in Au- gust, 1862, when the call was made for 300,000 more men for the Union army, he was one of the number whose names were enrolled Auo-ust 6, 1862. He enlisted in Company G, One hundred and Seventh Regi- ment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, going to Camp Butler, where he drilled and September 4, 1862, was mustered in the United States service and served until the close of the war, when he was honorably dis- charged June 12, 1865. He participated in the battles of Knoxville, and was on duty in Kentucky, guarding bridges, and also in Tennessee and Georgia. A mule fell upon him, disabling him for active service and he was discharged in June, 1865, returning to De Witt county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming, remaining until 1885, when he went to Delaware township, Sac county, Iowa. Here he bought land of M. L. Lewis, who sold him eighty acres, partly improved. Mr. Weltzheimer has added to it until he now owns 120 acres and has it under a high state of improvement. The residence of our subject is one of those pleasant Iowa farm houses, so well known to the late traveler through the best parts of the State. It is one and one-half story, 16x24 feet, with an L, 12x14 feet, nicely located, surrounded by a magnificent grove of three acres, and also a good orchard with an abund- ance of small fruit. Our subject has not neglected other parts of his surroundings, his fine barn, erected in 1890, being a sub stantial structure, 34x36 feet, on a rock foundation. Upon this fine farm our subject is prospering in farming and stock-raising. Our subject was married January 21, 1885, in De Witt county, Illinois, to Miss Anna Danison, who was born in Perry county, Ohio, but was reared and educated in Illinois. She was a daughter of Artist and Sarah Danison, the father being a native of Mary- 242 lilodlt \riiiCM. HISTORY OF land. The mother died when Mrs. Weltz- heimer was a child and the lather in De Witt county, Illinois, in 187!>. leaving five sons ami five daughters. < me Bon, .Michael, was a captain in the Forty-first Illinois, Infantry. Our Bubject takes much interest in politics. voting with the Republican party. He is one of the most prominent and esteemed of the citizens of Delaware township. RtoSCAR DRAPFR, one of the prominent early settlers of Clinton township. Sac county, Iowa, resides on a farm of ItiO acres near ( Mebolt. He dates his birth in Essex county, New York, in 1843, and is a son of Henry and Emily (Palmer) Draper, both natives of Es- sex county. His grandfather, Timothy Dra- per, was of Scotch-Irish descent. Henry Draper emigrated with his family to Scott county, [owa, in 1859, and located near Le Claire, where his wife died in 1861. He, too, died in Sac county, aged sixty-six years. He was liberal in his religious views, and in poli- tic- was a Republican. Mrs. Draper was a Baptist. They had eight children, live sons and three daughters. Three of their sons served in the late war. William H., who was a member of the Twentieth Iowa Infantry, is now a resident of Clinton county Iowa. John, who served in the Sixty-sixth Illinois Infan- try, lives in Seattle, Washington. August 22, 1862, Oscar enlisted in the Twentieth Iowa Infantry, and during his service partici- pated in the battles of Prairie Grove, Arkan- sas and Vicksburg, and was through the sieo-e of Fort Morgan and Fort Blakely, besides br- ing in numerous skirmishes. He was hon- orably discharged at Mobile, Alabama, .Inly 8, 1865. Returning to Iowa after the war, the Bllb ject of our sketch located east of De NVitt, in Clinton county, where he was engaged in tanning until 1874. Since that year he has been identified with the interests of Clinton township, Sac county. Here he purchased 160 acres of land, has improved it with good buildings, etc., and is devoting his time chiefly to stock-raising. He keeps a dairy of about fifteen cows. His residence is a story and a half, and is IS x 24 feet, and his harn is 48x60 feet. A nice grove and orchard of two acres is among other improvements Mr. Dra- per has placed upon his land. March 12, 1868, he married Sarah J. Bit- tinger, in Clinton county, Iowa. She was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, daughter of John and Rebecca (Kahl) Hit - finger. The Bittinger family came West from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1850, and two years later to Clinton county, Iowa. Their family was composed of seven sons and two daugh- ters. The mother died in November, 1887, and the father is now a resident of York county, Nebraska. He is a farmer, a Repub- lican and Lutheran. Mr. and Mrs. Draper have four children: Jessie R., Emily E., Homer J. and Asa L. Mr. Draper's political views are in harmony with Republican principles. He is a mem- ber of Goodrich Post, No. 117, Odebolt, and j he and his wife both helong to the Methodist ' Episcopal Church. He is a Trustee of the church and also takes an active interest in Sabbath-school work. L. LEWIS, Superintendent of Sac county Poor Farm, was born near ko Richmond, Virginia, February 8, 1851, a son of J. B. and Alice (Ruie) Lewis. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 248 The father was a native of eastern Virginia, | where he now lives, but the mother of our subject died in her native State. Our sub- ject was reared in Virginia to farm life, re- ceiving his education in the common schools, remaining at home, aidiDg his father in work upon the farm until the age of twenty. At that age he went to Pickaway county, Ohio, where he remained some time, then went to southeastern Kansas, and from there he re- moved to Piatt county, Illinois, where he remained until 1880, then removed to Sac county, Iowa, settling in Delaware township. Later he removed to South Dakota and re- mained some time, engaged in farming. In March, 1892, Mr. Lewis was appointed Su- perintendent of the Poor Farm of Sac county, and has held that position ever since. The farm consists of 160 acres of land, located three and one-half miles southeast of Early, on section 14, Boyer Valley township. The main building is 32 x 64 feet, with eighteen- foot posts, and a north L, 14 x 24 feet. It is full two stories high and contains twenty- three rooms. This building provides shelter for those who are unfortunate. The farm is ably managed by Mr. Lewis, who endeavors to provide suitable board and lodging for his charges, without incurring too much expense for the county. He is a man admirably suited for the position, and the people of Sac county are fortunate in securing his services. Mr. Lewis was married March 5, 1878, to Miss Elmaretta Byers, a native of Stark county, Ohio, who removed to Piatt county, Illinois, in 1864. She was a daughter of E. and Matilda (Morrow) Byers, both natives of Ohio, where they were both reared and mar- ried, and where the father died in 1862. Six children have been added to Mr. Lewis' fam- ily, namely: Jessie O, Alice M., Kirby B., Gertie R., Grace M. and Dwight Merdith. Mr. Lewis takes an active interest in politics, voting with the Republican party. He is in the prime of life and gives promise of many years of usefulness. He is one of the hon- ored and respected citizens of Boyer Valley township, in whose prosperity he takes a lively interest. He is a man who can be de- pended upon for aid in whatever will tend to benefit the township or county. Mrs. Lewis is an excellent lady, a faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. §L. CLOUSER, County Recorder of Sac county, was born in Perry county, ° Pennsylvania, November 18, 1860, a son of F. B. Olouser. Our subject was reared and educated in the common schools of his native county, also receiving an academic course. He received a certificate to teach, bxit never followed that occupation. For a time he was employed in a printing office, but in 1879, located in Battle Creek, Iowa, in the employ of the Northwestern Railroad, and was afterward engaged as station agent and telegraph operator at Wall Lake and Gray, Audubon county. In addition to this, Mr. Clouser followed general merchandising in Lake View, this State. January 1, 1890, he took charge of the office at Lake View, which position he has tilled with satisfaction to hie company. Politically, he is one of the leading men in the Republican party, was elected County Recorder in the Novembef election, polling the full vote of his party, has served with great credit on the School Board in Lake View, and i6 one of the young, progressive and earnest workers in Sac county. In Perry county, Pennsylvania, at the age of twenty-one years, our subject was united in marriao-e with Miss Jennie Shire, a native •J 1 4 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF of that State. They have three children: Alice. Bessie and Francis. Socially, Mr. Clouser is a member of Laurel Lodge, No. 517, A. F. & A. JVI., of Lake View, and of the I. O. O. F., Lake View Lodge, No. 302, of which he is Past Grand. Our subject is a young man, but the position to which he has been elected shows that in the years he has lived in Sac county he has gained the confi- dence and esteem of the people. fT. NEWCOM, one of the prominent and well-known settlers of Crawford 9 county, was born in Scotland county, Missouri, January 22, 1839, a son of Wilmon T. Newcom, an early settler of that county, and now a prominent and respected citizen of Stockholm township, Crawford county. He is an old soldier of the P>alck Hawk war, and is descended from an old Ken- tucky and Virginia family, noted for their courage and bravery. Our subject's mother, nee Margaret Dale, was a native of Illi- nois, and a daughter of John Dale, an early and prominent pioneer of that State, and of Scotch-Irish jwrentage. They were noted for their intelligence, energy and courage. Mr. and Mrs. Newcom were the parents, of thirteen children, eight sons and live daughters, ten of whom still survive. The parents came to this county in 1866, where they still reside. J. T. Newcom was reared on a Missouri farm, and was educated in the common schools of his county. He was noted for his pluck and energy, was a firm believer in Southern rights, and at the- breaking out of the late war espoused the Southern side. Lo- cated as he was near the frontier, where the fierce elements raged with fury and relentless border warfare, be was in the thickest of the fray, and took an active part in the battles of northeast Missouri. He had several narrow escapes, and was twice captured by the enemy, first at Macon, Missouri, and then taken to St. Louis, Missouri, and imprisoned in the old McDowell College, where the walls were six feet in thickness. After one month there he was taken to the Alton (Illi- nois) Penitentiary, where he was confined as a dangerous prisoner of war, but taking des- perate chances, he ran the blockade, which was an underground railroad and swam the Illinois river, liberated sixty men and all escaped. After returning to the warfare in Missouri, Mr. Newcom was again captured, held at Keokuk ten days, but, with one companion, jumped from a two-story building and es- caped. They encountered 5< M \ Union men, but got away, and the next day he read a notice posted: "$1,000 reward for James T. Newcom, dead or alive." After the close of hostilities he was at Des Moines, Iowa, three weeks, at Storey county, Nevada, eighteen months, and then- took a homestead of 160 acres of wild land in Crawford county, Iowa. He now owns 240 acres of rich and well im- proved land, and has a valuable tract in Ne- braska. His beautiful dwelling, 22x44 feet, is situated on a natural building site, and sur- rounded by a fine lawn. His farm is well watered, and is principally rich bottom land. Mr. Newcom is the owner of a magnificent horse, a dark gray, three-fourths Percheron and one-fourth Clyde, and also has the best Missouri jack in this part of the State. He was married February 3, 1861, to Miss Emma Henderson, a native of Osceola, Clarke county, Iowa, and a daughter of Rev. John Henderson, a Baptist minister, a zealous ami active worker in the cause of his Blaster, a good speaker and a popular man. He died ^W^tf ■&>. »^Cu^yO-> CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 245 at the age of forty-seven years. His wife, formerly M. A. Hash, was a native of Ken- tucky, a member of a prominent family of that State, and her death occurred at the age of fifty-two years. Mr. and Mrs. Henderson were the parents of twelve children, six sons and six daughters. Two of the sons were soldiers in the Union army, and one in the Southern army. Mr. and Mrs. Newcom have had nine children, four now living: C. J., Jennie, Ferman and Heman. The deceased are: Thomas D., Orma H., May, Mattie and Erne. C. J. was born in Storey county, Iowa, and was married at Tyndall, South Dakota, August 15, 1885, to Miss May Watson, a native of Omaha, Nebraska, and a daughter of William and Manisha (Kykendall) Watson. They have two children: Beulah May and Russel C. One child, Wave, is deceased. Mr. Newcom is a Democrat in his political views, and both he and his wife are members of the reorganized church of Latter Day Saints. Our subject is frank and jovial in his manner, honest in his business dealings, and his home is noted for its hospitality. -^siSlfb- iann^- IP^ON. H. C. LAUB, one of the pioneers of Crawford county, Iowa, has resided here since the fall of 1855. First locating in Mason's Grove, he purchased a tract of un- improved land and farmed for a time. In the fall of 1856 he opened a stock of general mer- chandise in a room, li x 18 feet, in the. new town of Danison. This was the first store in the county. He continued the mercantile business in Denison until 1876, and in the meantime established branch stores at thp following places: Deloit, this county; Smithland, Woodbury county; Car- rolltoq, Carroll county; Gallan's Grove, Shel- by county; Westside, this county; Harlan, .Shelby county; Butler's Mill, Harrison coun- ty; Dunlap, Harrison county; Correction- ville, Woodbury county, Denison being head, quarters. This business started in a small way, soon grew to large proportions, his sales one year amounting to $120,000. He hauled his first goods by wagon from Cedar fiapids, when he sold out his stock in DeD'son and Westside was valued at $30,000% and that at Dunlap $10,000, besides the stock at the other points referred to. During his busi- ness career up to 1876 he. was also engaged in farming; and stock-raisinjr. He has handled much of the land in Crawford county, im- proving perhaps more land than any other man in the county. H;e now owns more than a thousand acres here. }Je has taken an active part in introducing higher grades of stock, such as Jersey and Durham cattle, draft horses, etc. In advancing; the material interests of Denison, few, if any, have done more than Mr. Laub. He has erected five churches, two schoolhouses, the McKim Hall, upward of forty dwellings and two brick business blocks. His own residence, built in 1887, is one of the finest homes in Denison. lie not only established the first general mer- chandise store in the county, but also the first hardware store here. He still has mercantile interests, having under his supervision stores a.t Dunlap and Correctionville. He also has roller mills at Westside and Deloit, one steam and the. other water-power. Mr. Laub was born in Little York, Penn- sylvania, April 18, 1824, son of William and Catharine (Snyder) Laub, natives of that State, his father of German extraction and his mother of German and Irish. He was reared at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and in his youth learned the trade of shoemaker, at which he worked three years. After that he MOllltM'lllCAL HI8T0BT OF taught in the district Bchools Eour years, in Pennsylvania and Iowa. It was in the fall of 1852 that lie came West. In Muscatine, this State, be lived two years; thence to Ce- dar Rapids, where lie was engaged in the mercantile business; and in 1855, as ahove Btated, he came to Crawford county. He was married in Frederick county, Maryland, February 7, 1818, to Miss Lydia Baer, daughter of Jacob and Matilda Baer. She was horn in Montgomery county, Mary- land, February 7, 182-1. They have eight children: Alice M., wife of James I). Ains- worth, of < >nawa, Iowa, editress of a journal at that place; Mettie M., wife of John I!. Romans, of Denison: William, eimaired in the livery business at Denison; Catharine, wile of W.T.Perkins, an attorney of Bis- marck, North Dakota, she being a practicing physician of the Homeopathic school, hav- ing graduated at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and taken a post-graduate course at Boston and Chicago; Anna L., wife of George F. Barthol- omew, a banker of Valparaiso, Indiana, she ton, being a practicing physician; Ely C, a merchant of Correctionville, Iowa; Lydia B., who died at the aye of twenty years; and Lillie, wife of 0. F. K'uehnle, a banker of I Venison. That Mr. Laub is a man of business ability is shown by the progress he has made since coming to Iowa. Politically, he is a Repub- lican, and in various official capacities lie has served his county, lie served as County Sheriff one term. County Surveyor, County Superintendent twelve years, County Com- missioner three or four years, and has also tilled all the minor offices. In 1880 he was chosen as a Representative to the State Leg- islature, and served two years, lie is a member of the A. F. oc A. M., the I. O. O. I .. and the I. 0. C T., and for the past thirty years has been connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is one of the most active members and liberal support- ers of the church at Denison. It can truth- fully be said of Mr. Laub, that, wealthy as he is, and having accumulated his fortune by his own efforts, be has yet ever been free from everything of a sordid nature, and is known as a genial and whole-souled man, who is ever ready to assist the poor and needy, and dispenses charity with a liberal hand among the deserving of the city. fEROME BLACK MA X, one of the early settlers of Crawford county, Iowa, was born in Oneida county, New York, No- vember 4, 1840, son of Nathaniel and Eliza Blackmail, both natives of New York, who died in Illinois. Jerome was reared in his native State un- til the family moved to Kenosha, Wisconsin, when he was seven years old, where they lived two years and then removed to McIIenry county, Illinois. He was reared to farm life, receiving his education in the public schools of his county, remaining at home until he was twenty-one, when he began to work for himself. lie enlisted September 11, 1801, in Company I, Fifty-second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, being mustered out a- First Sergeant at the close of the war. After the war was over he returned to Illinois and remained there until the fall of 1868, when he came to Crawford county, Iowa, and after two years he purchased a tract of 100 acres of prairie land, which he greatly improved. He erected, from twelve-foot posts, a house 2'2x 11 feet. but he now has a good frame re.-idence, "J".' \ L6 feet, with sixteen feet added to the original. He also has a good stable and barn, where he CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 247 keeps his stock and grain. Eighty acres of this farm is in a fine state of cultivation, and he carries on general farming. In the fall of 1862 he was married to Celia Harper, of Illinois, of which State she was a native. They have a family of ten children, as follows: Frankie, wife of John Duff, of Defiance, Shelby county, Iowa; William, Ed- win, Guy, John, Claudia, , Carl, Alice and Amie, all at home, except the married daughter. Mr. Blackmail is a member of John A. Logan Post, No. 08, G. A. R. Politically he is a Republican, and he and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and they are among the most re- spected of the families of the county. In addition to his other propety, Mr. Black- man purchased, in 1889, a farm of eighty acres, on section 19, Denison township, which was unimproved when he came into posses- sion of it, but which, under his skillful man : agement, has developed into a fine farm. There is no doubt but that Mr. Blackman is one of the most prominent men in the county. F. W I C K S, one of the well-known pioneers of Crawford county, was born ° near Jamestown, Chautauqua county, New York, December 14, 1825, a son of John Wicks, a native of Genesee, same State. The latter was a son of John Wicks, a Revolu- tionary soldier, and of French descent. Our subject's mother, nee Abigail Hartwell, was born in Ifew York, a daughter of Daniel Hartwell, who was a son of a Revolutionary soldier. John and Abigail Wicks were the parents of fourteen children, eight sons and six daughters. They both died in Bureau county, Illinois. The father was a millwright by trade, a Whig politically, and religiously a member of the Methodist Church. B. F. Wicks, the seventh of eight sons, was reared and educated in his native county, and in early life was engaged in surveying for a time. At the age of twenty-two years he removed to Bureau county, Illinois, and was a resident of that county before the rail- road was built. In 1851 he came with ox teams to western Iowa, remained at Boone several days, and then settled on Government land in this county. Mr. Wicks erected a log cabin, 10 feet square, and, on account of Indian troubles, had to attach the barn to the house. H e was elected the first County Treasurer of Crawford county, and later was a candidate for County Clerk with Thomas Dobson, but they received the s,ame number of votes, and, after casting lots, the latter won. The trading-post was then Council Bluffs, seventy-five miles distant, and there were no bridges over the streams. In 1861 our subject returned to Bureau county, Illi- nois, but eight months later came again to this county. He has a good dwelling house on his farm, 16 x 21 feet, a barn 32 x 32 feet, with a brick basement, and has 190 acres in the place. In 1881 he came to Deloit, where he erected a one and a half story house, 11 x 22 feet, which is surrounded by a beautiful lawn. Mr. Wicks was married in Chautauqua county, New York, in 1853, to Christina Klock, who was born and reared in that county, a daughter of John B. and Margaret Klock, both deceased in Bureau county, Illi- nois. They were the parents of fifteen chil- dren, seven sons and eight daughters. The father was a farmer by occupation, was a Whig in his political views, and religiously was a member of the Methodist Church. Our 248 i;ioi;i:.\riiiCAL nisruiiY of subject and wife have had two children: Oar- pie, wife of William McKim, of Decatur count \, Iowa; ami Anna, deceased at the age of sixteen years. Mrs. McKim has six chil- dren: Roy, Edna, Bernice, Bertie, Ava and Arthur. Mr. Wicks takes an active part in the Republican party, held the office of ('. unit \ Treasurer in an early day, and was County Supervisor two years. Both he and his wife are worthy and active members of the Reor- ganized Church of Latter- Day Saints. F. TALBOT, another one of the intel- ligent and successful fanners of Craw- L* ford county, Iowa, lives on section 4 of Milford township. Mr. Talbot was born in Winnebago county, Illinois, ten miles north of Rockford, August 27, 1848. His father, I). F. Talbot, born in Onondaga county, New York, August 24, 1819, was a son of James Talbot, who was of English descent. D. F. Talbot was reared and educated in New York, and was there married to Caroline Munger, a native of Massachusetts. After marriage they went to Illinois and settled in* Winnebago county. In 1858 they moved from there to, Jasper county, Iowa, becoming pioneer settlers of that place. He purchased several large tracts of land and improved some valuable farms in Jasper county, at one time owning 1,200 acres, be- ing largely interested in both farming and stock raising. He was liberal in his religious belief, and m politics affiliated with the Re- publican party. He and his wife had six children, viz.: Edwin J., now qf Jasper county, Iowa, was a member of the Fortieth Iowa Infantry the last year of the war; Hiram M. was also in the late war. guarding prisons in Hock Island and Chicago tor five months; George F., whose name heads this article; Sarah Alice Dearmger, of Jasper county, Iowa; Eugene, of Auburn, Iowa; and Warren, of Jasper county. The mother is also a resident of Jasper county, and is now Beventy-six years of age (ieorge F. Talbot was a lad of ten years when the family settled in Jasper county, as above stated. He received his education in the University of I Vila, Iowa. In 1879 he located On eighty acres of his present farm. then wild land. To this he subsequently added forty acres more, has improved the s.iiiir. and now has a fine farm of 120 acres. His cottage home, farm buildings, fences, etc., are all first-class and in good repair. His home, on a natural building site and conven- iently near to school, is in a most desirable location. Mr. Talbot was married December 6, 1870, to Eveline E. Earp, a native of Warren county, Illinois, born near Monmouth. Her parents, Lorenzo Dow and Syrena (Ihr) Earp, are now residents of Jasper county, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Talbot have one child: Cora A., born January 1, 1879. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal C] uirch of Deloit. Mr. Talbot is a man of the strictest in- tegrity, and is most highly esteemed by those with whom he is most intimately associated. Politically, he is a Republican. ^EXRV PAUL, a harness-maker of Westside, was born in Holstein. Ger- many, March 23, 1855, a -on of Deit- rich Pahl. The latter is still engaged in the harness-makers' trade in Germany, aged Beventy-Beven years. Henry, the only boh of his parents, received a good education in CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 249 his native language, and learned his trade at his father's work-bench. At the age of seven- teen years he came with an uncle to New York, and then to Clinton county, Iowa, the latter having a son in that place. In 1885 Mr. Pahl came to Westside and engaged in business, and he is now a dealer in and manu- facturer of harness, saddles, collars, blankets, nets, whips, brushes, and every article kept in a first-class harness shop. He understands all the details of the business, buys the best leather, does good, honest work, and sells at reasonable prices. His main store-room, 22 x 23 feet, is large and light, and well ar- ranged for his trade, and his work-room is 16 x 20 feet. Mr. Pahl was married at the age of twenty- five years to Miss Sophia Franzen, a native of Germany, who came with her parents to Clinton county, Iowa, at the age of ten years. To this union was born four children: Clara, Willie, Harry and Ella. The great loss of Mr. Pahl's life was in the death of his estim- able and beloved wife, who died April 1, 1892, at Clinton, Iowa, where she had gone to at- tend her father's funeral. She was buried in that city. Politically, our subject affiliates with the Democratic party; religiously, is a member of the German Lutheran Church; and socially is a member of the Five-Mile Shooting Club. He is yet in the prime of life, jovial and social with all, and a popular business man. 4: ^©s™^ E. WHITCHER, who resides on a farm of 160 acres in section 34, Iowa lown- ° ship, Crawford county, is located a half mile from Botna, Shelby county. Mr. Whitcher dates his birth in Holland, Erie county, New York, December 13, 1849. He comes of a family distinguished as pio- neers and soldiers. His father, Chauncey "Whitcher, a man of wealth and influence in his county, is a son of Obadiah Whitcher, a soldier of the war of 1812. Obadiah Whitch- er's father, Obadiah Whitcher, Si\, served in the Revolutionary war. Chauncey Whitcher married Eliza Jane Reed, a native of Toronto, Canada, and a daughter of "William Reed. They have three children, namely: Charles F., a prominent attorney of Buffalo, New York, now employed as attorney for the New York & Erie Railroad Company; Idella, of New York; and S. E., with whose name we head this article. The parents are still resi- dents in Holland, New York. At the age of thirteen the subject of our sketch entered the army as a drummer boy in the Forty-fourth New York "Volunteers, known as Ellsworth Avengers. He was a participant in the battle of Gettysburg. Hav- ing been honorably discharged, he enlisted February 16, 1864, in Company H, Four- teenth United States Regulars, and belonged to the Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac. After the war his regiment was ordered to the far West, and young Whitcher was on the Pa- cific coast for a time, and was "under the com- mand of General Crook in the Apache war in Arizona, where he had many skirmishes and hairbreadth escapes. He still has wounds on his body that were received from the In- dians' arrows. For some time he was a mounted scout for General Crook, beincr on duty 480 miles from any railroad and in a desert country. He was honorably discharged at Skulls Valley, Arizona. Retiring from the Government service, Mr. Whitcher went to California and was engaged in staging in Santa Clara, Monterey and Santa Cruz counties for fourteen years. In 1880 he came to Iowa and settled on wild prairie land 260 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OP in tlu6 county. He now owns 160 acres, well improved, with nice cottage home, grove and orchard, farm buildings, good fences, etc. Mr. Whitcher was married in Santa Cruz county, California, to Alice A. .Moon, who was horn in Augusta, Dcs Moines county, Iowa, her parents being William and Nancy Moon. They have eight children, viz.: Emma I., Mary, Flora N., Edna, Willie, Grade, John 1>. and Ruby, Mr. Whitcher is a Republican. He is a member of the G. A. R., McPherson Post, No. 33, Manning, Iowa, and also of the 1. O. O. F., No. 122, at Manning. Such is a brief sketch of one of the worthy citizens of Craw ford county. '. I LLI AM WINGROVE, lateof Wash- ington township, Crawford county, Iowa, was one of the early set- tlers of this place, and few were better known or more highly esteemed than he. Following is a brief review of his life: William Wingrove was born in Ireland in July, 1824, son of John Wingrove, and when two years old was brought to Amer- ica. He was reared on a farm in Fayette county, Virginia, and received his education in the schools of that State. In 1856 he came to Iowa and located in Scott county, near Davenport. September 28, 1864, he became a member of Company K, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry, under command of Captain William B. McDowels. He was with Gen- eral Sherman on that memorable march to the sea and was at the grand review at Washington. From exposure and hardships incurred during his service, he injured his health and the rest of bis life was a suf- ferer. After the war Mr. Wingrove continued to reside in Scott county until 1869, when he came to Crawford county. In 1877 he located on the land on which his widow now lives. Here he developed a valuable farm of 320 acres. Politically, he was a Democrat. He was at one time a member of the School Board. He was generous and public-spirited, and in his religions belief was liberal. He was a member of the G. A. P., Pudd Smith Post, Dow City. In 1855 Mr. Wingrove was married in Scott county, Iowa, to Anna Maria Gilliland, who was born in Otsego county, New York, August 16, 1831, daughter of James and Catharine (Gardner) Gilliland, also natives of Otsego county. Her parents moved to Boone county, Delaware, when she was an in- fant, and in that State she was reared and educated. Her father died when she was three years old. Her mother subsequently became the wife of John W. Jane, and is now a resident of Johnson county. Iowa. aged seventy-eight years. Mr. Jane and his son, Whitaker, were Union soldiers, were taken prisoners at Pea Ridge, and were held for some time at Anderson ville. Mr. and Mrs. Wingrove had nine children, five of whom are living, namely: Horatio, who is married and has one daughter, lives in this town- ship; Nelson, who resides at the old home with his mother; Daniel, who is married and has two sons, lives in the same township; Kate, wife of William Devine, of Union town- ship, has four sons; Anna, at home; the four deceased being as follows: Ella Severs, who died at Avoca, Iowa, aged thirty-two, left three children; Frank, who died at the age of twenty-seven, left a widow and one son ; and two children that died in infancy. Mrs. Wingrove and her son Nelson have 160 acres of the old home. It is located near Buck CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 251 Grove and is one of the best improved and most valuable farms in this vicinity. At the age of sixteen she united with the Baptist Church, of which she has since remained a consistent member. She and her worthy hus- band have reared a family of children who now occupy honored and useful positions in life. Mr. Wingrove died July 12, 1891, aged sixty-seven years. •e > t R. J. I. GIBSON, V. 8., is the only graduate in that branch of the medical profession in the county of Crawford. He is a native of Carlton county, Ontario, Canada, born January 27, 1865, son of R. A. and Lucinda (Gillespie) Gibson. Our subject was reared and educated in his native country on his father's farm, attending the public schools of the neighborhood, and at twenty took up the study of veterinary surgery and entered the College of Veter- inary Surgery and Medicine at Toronto, On- tario, Canada, graduating in the class of 1887. He at once began practice in Kemptville, Canada, and remained for two years and a half, but, September 25, 1889, came to Den- ison and established an office and has since that time engaged in the practice of his pro- fession at this place. When he first came to Denison he was simply on an excursion, but being favorably impressed with the place he decided to make it his home, knowing that the practice would be good, as there was no other of his profession in the county. He has worked up a fine business by his ability and skill, being very thorough in his work. The Doctor is one of the most enterprising men of Denison, professionally, socially and politically, and is a member of several of the societies of the place, among which are: Iowa State Veterinary Association; was President of the Northwestern Veterinary Medical As- sociation of western Iowa during 1892; Dow- dell Lodge, No. 90, K. of P., and is foremost in whatever promises to benefit the town or county. He feels that the summer of 1886, spent with Dr. A. O. F. Coleman, Veterinarian to His Excellency, the Governor General of Can- ada, was of great benefit to him, and from that gentleman he learned many things that have proved of use in his work. His parents are both still living in Canada, of which the father is a native, while the mother was a native of the north of Ireland. Both sides of the family had their origin in Scotland. The father is a farmer, and he and his wife had thirteen children, of whom the Doctor is the only one that resides in the United States. The Doctor is a stanch Republican and always supports its principles. He was mar- ried December 31, 1892, to Miss Minnie Colgrove, of Denison, Iowa. He and his wife are both members of the First Method- ist Episcopal Church in Denison, where he was chorister during 1891-'92. ENN1S CAIN, a farmer of section 22. Blaine township, Ida county, was born in Monmouth county, New Jersey, in 1844, a son of William and Mary (Noon) Cain, natives of Roscommon county, Ireland. The parents were married in their native country, but in an early day came to Amer- ica, locating in New Jersey. In 1856 they opened a farm near Liberty ville, Lake coun- ty, Illinois, where the father still resides. The mother died there in 1889. They were 862 lUoiillM'IlICAL III STOUT OF the parents of nine children, .-even now liv- ing, viz.: Thomas, a furniture dealer of Ka- eine, Wisconsin; Ann, wife of John Linberry, of Libertyville, Illinois; Ella, of New Jersey; John, resides near Libertyville; Kate, wife of James Mark, of Chicago; William, of Wis- consin, and Dennis, our subject. The latter was reared in New Jersey to the age of twelve years, when he went with his parents to Lake county, Illinois. In 1861 he engaged in farming in Whiteside county, Illinois, and three years later enlisted in Company A, Twelfth Illinois Cavalry, served in the Western Army, took part in the lied river campaign, in the battle of Jackson, Mississippi, and seven other engagements. lie was engaged in guarding the frontier at Brownsville and Houston, Texas, and was honorably discharged in the latter place, June 18, 1*86. Mr. Cain then resumed farming in Whiteside county, Illinois, but in 1876 came to Ida county, purchasing 120 acres of his present farm in Blaine township. He has added to his original purchase until he now owns 266 acres of well-cultivated land, where he is engaged in general farming and stock- raising. Mr. Cain brought his house from Waukegan, IMiircus, a one and a half story building, 16 x 24 feet, with two wings, one, 12 x 22 feet, and the other 12 x 16 feet ; he has a barn 3S x 42 feet, and all other nec- essary conveniences. Politically he takes an active part in the Democratic party, has served as Township Trustee, as I toad Over- seer since 1888, and has been a member of the School Board. Socially, he is a mem- ber of Matthew Grey Post, No. 93, G. A. EL, at Ida ( J rove. Mr. Cain was married in Whiteside county, Illinois, in ls71, to Miss Anna Scott, a na- tive of that county, and a daughter of Asa and Elizabeth (Taylor) Scott, who were born in Ohio. In an early day they removed to Whiteside county, Illinois. The lather built a boat worked by horse power, in which lie brought his family down the Ohio river, up the Mississippi and Rock rivers to C<> Illinois, bringing one year's supplies with him. He opened a farm in that county and hauled wheat to Chicago, a distance of 112 miles, receiving 41 cents per bushel. He was active in the early political history of the county, having held many public offices. \\\> death occurred in May, 1883, and the mother survived him ten months. Mr. and Mrs. Cain have had six children, viz.: Ida, wife of John Hogland; Arthur, Elizabeth and Asa, attending school at Arthur; Clarence, Frank and Chandler. Mr. and Mrs. Cain are among the oldest living pioneers of Blaine township, and our subject is a self-made man, having commenced life with comparatively nothing. IIOMAS E. AliBOTT, one of the prom- inent and well-known farmers of Craw- ford county, was born in Lincoln- shire, England, in November, 1851, a son of Thomas Abbott, a native of the same place. He was a son of Anthony Abbott, also a na- tive of England. Our subject's mother, nee Ann Clement, is a sister of Thomas B. Clem- ent, a prominent and extensive stockman of this county for years. He now owns y40 acres of land in this county, and resides at Canton, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Abbott were the parents of seven children, three sons and four daughters. The father died at Lincoln- shire at the age af sixty-eight years. He was a farmer all his life, and was a member of the Episcopal Church. The mother now resides at that place, aged sixty-nine years. Thomas E. Abbott left his Dative land for CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 253 the United States in 1871, and after remain- ing a few days in Chicago before the great fire, came to Clinton county, Iowa. He was there engaged at farm work six years, and in 1878 removed to section 15, Jackson town- ship, Crawford county, later located in the western part of the county, and in 1866 bought 200 acres from his uncle, Thomas Clement, where he now resides. He owns 160 acres in one body, also another tract of forty acres, has a good dwelling, 16 x 24 feet, fine meadows and pastures, and his land is well watered. Mr. Abbott is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He was married in Clinton county, Iowa, in February, 1879, to Ambrosia Wickware, a native of that county, where she was also reared and educated. Mr. and Mrs. Abbott have four children: Annie A., James Edd, Robert D. and Pearl May. Our subject affiliates with the Democratic party; has served as Road Supervisor four years, and is an honest and popular man. : H. BROCKELSBY, another one of the enterprising and successful i ° farmers of Crawford connty, Iowa, resides on eighty acres of land in section 8, Hayes township. Briefly given, the follow- ing ia scgstkh of his life: W. H. Brockelsby was born in Lincoln- shire, England, April 14, 1849. His parents, William and Martha (Cousins) Brockelsby, were also both natives of that place. At the age of fifteen he came to the United States and located in Clinton county, Iowa, where he remained, engaged in farming, until 1872. He then came to Crawford county, and the following year, 1873, located upon the land where he now lives. At that time this part of the country was wild land and frequently deer and wolves were seen here. He has developed eighty acres into a fine farm, the improvements on which are all first-class. His house is 14 x 18 feet, a 6tory and a half, with a one story L, 16 xl8 feet, and is located on a natural building site, near which is an orchard and beautiful grove of maple trees. He is engaged in general farm- ing and stock-raising, having some thorough- bred registered Poland-China hogs. He has a fine pond stocked with carp. Mr. Brocklesby was married at Rock Island, Illinois, May 17, 1870, to Malinda Milligan, a native of Pennsylvania. Her parents, Joseph and Margaret Milligan, now live at Manilla, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Brock- elsby have five children, viz.: Richard, Ed- ward, Winfred, Margaret and Elisa. He is a Democrat and one of the wheel- horses of the party in the southeastern part of the connty. He has served as Township Clerk seven years and as Trustee eight years. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, being Master of Diamond Lodge, No. 422, and a member of Ark Chapter at Dunlap; is also a member of the K. of P. at Denison, and the I. U. O. F. at Tail. He is a man of general information and of pleasing address and is an entertaining speaker. Hon- orable in all his business dealings and always frank and cordial with his fellow- men, he is one of the most popular citizens in the township. fC. GRAHAM, a merchant of Early, Iowa, engaged in the hardware trade, ° is the subject of this sketch. He en- gaged in business here in 1883, which was the year that the town first started. He came 254 ISlOiiliM'lllCAL HISTORY OF to Sac county in 1869, locating in Delaware township, on wild land, and here lie erected a fair one-and-a-half -story house, 14 x 18 feet, put up barns ami out-buildings, and also planted a grove of three acres in extent. He was horn in Montreal, Canada, in 1844, and was the son of Luke and Mary (Green) Gra- ham, who later moved to Ohio, and followed the trade of baker in Cleveland, until 1853, when he came to Iowa and opened up a farm in Delaware county, removing to Earlville in 1874; and now both parents reside at Ode- bolt. They have reared a family of five children, three sons and two daughters. Will- iam enlisted in Company B, Fourth Iowa Cavalry, but now resides at Odebolt. From the age of nine years our subject was reared in Iowa, and attended the schools of Delaware county. He came to Sac county when it was still new and took quite an active part in its early history. lie taught school for eleven terms in the county; has been Jus- tice of the Peace, Town Clerk and a member of the School Board of the town of Early. Our subject was married in Delaware county, in 1870, to Miss Elizabeth Kiden, who was born in Canada, a daughter of Will- iam and Eliza (Parker) Kiden, now of Early, who came to the county in 1880. They had been pioneers in Delaware county, in 1852. Mr. and Mrs. Graham have two children, Ethel, a graduate of Cornell College, now a teacher of vocal and instrumental music; and William. Mr. Graham is a member of the St. Elmo Lodge, No. 462, A. F. & A. M., and has been Secretary of the order for three years. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is one of the Trustees. He is a Republican in his political leaning, always ready to as- sert the superiority of that party. Mr. Graham has a very prosperous hard- ware business in this little, thriving place, carrying a full stock of hardware, pomps, stoves and like articles usually found in a first-class place. He has seen the develop- ment of the country since he came to the State, anil remembers well when the first rail- road was built as far as Storm Lake, in 1870. When he first came here he had to go as far as Fort Dodge for milling purposes. He has eeen many changes and has passed through many vicissitudes, one of the trials being the great grasshopper pest of 1874, but persever- ance ami integrity have carried him through all, and he is now one of the substantial men of the township. e^ENRY WALKER, residing on a farm near Manilla, Iowa, is one of the first settlers of thispart of the country. He dates his arrival here in 1871, when this sec- tion of the country was a vast prairie, with- out any improvements whatever, and with its development he has been thoroughly identi- fied. Mr. Walker was born near Darlington, En- gland, September 24, 1826, only child of John and Hannah (Harland) Walker, natives of Richmond and North Allerton, England, re- spectively. In 1865 the family left England, came to America and settled in Mazo Manie, Dane county, Wisconsin. The father died at Middlebury, Iowa county, Wisconsin, at the age of fifty-seven years. The mother subsequently came to Crawford county, Iowa, where her death occurred July 16, 1881, in her Beventy^tirst year. John Walker was a linen-weaver by trade, and was foreman for one man twenty-one years. Henry Walker lived in Iowa county, Wis- consin, until 1871, when he came with two CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 255 teams and wagons and eighteen head of cat- tle and settled on the land upon which he now lives. Here he improved 160 acres of land. Recently he has laid out an addition to Manilla, in which are some valuable lots and good property. His farm adjoins the town and is nicely improved with good buildings, fences, etc. Mr. Walker was married at Stockton, Dur- ham county, England, September 15, 1849, to Miss Ann Watson, who has proved her- self a worthy helpmate to him. She was born at Richmond, Yorkshire, England, one of the family of two sons and two daughters of John and Elizabeth (Dalton) Watson. Her parents both died in England. Mr. and Mrs. Walker have three children: John Henry, Abraham Coulson and Hannah Elizabeth, wife of John Bayles. Mr. Bayles is a well- known early settler of this county. Mr. Walker affiliates with the Republican party. He is a man respected and esteemed by all who know him. COUNTRYxMAN, a farmer and stock raiser of section 31, Grant Township, ° Ida county, was born in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, in 1841, a son of Peter and Margaret (Nicholas) Countryman, the former a native of Canada, and the latter of Maine. When a young man the father moved to Buffalo, New York, was there married, was afterward engaged in milling in Ohio, and in 1845 removed to Rock county, Wisconsin. He built a mill at Janesville, on Rock River, also purchased and improved Government claims in that county, in 1854 located and erected a mill at Wadena, Fayette county, Iowa, later built a gristmill, and was en- gaged in milling there until 1860. In that year he removed to Kansas, later returned to Fayette county, and in the spring of 1861 started overland to California. He drove four yoke of oxen, was six months en route, spent one winter in that State, and then returned to Washoe City, Nevada, engaging in quartz- milling. In 1865 Mr. Countryman returned to Linn county, Iowa, later went to D ivis county, Iowa, where he died in 1872. The mother departed this life in Woodbury county, Iowa, in 1888, and both were buried in Linn county, this state. They were the parents of eight children, viz: Horace, an excellent millwright of Stillwater, Montana; Alexander, married, and also resides in Still- water; Eli, deceased in California; Lewis, married, and resides in Oklahoma, where he was one of the first settlers; John, who died in California in the winter of 1861; George, deceased in the same State in the same year; D., our subject, and A. J., married, and re- sides in Woodbury county, Iowa. D. Countryman, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Rock county, Wisconsin. After returning with his parents from California he began farming for himself in Linn county, Iowa, and in 1875 came to Ida county, having been the first settler in what is now Grant, then Maple township. He bought sixty-five acres of raw land on the West Soldier River, which he at once began improving, erected a small shanty, and after breaking twenty acres returned to Linn county, for his family. Mr. Countryman now owns 292 acres of well cultivated land, has a good two-story residence, twenty-eight by twenty-eight feet, erected in 1890, and about three acres of his place is devoted to a grove and orchard. He raises good draft horses, also has a fine carriage team, which took the first premium at the Ida County Fair in 1891. He takes an active interest in politics, 256 BIOGRAPHICAL IIISTOHY OF voting with the Republican party, has served as a member of the School Board, and was flic tii\-t Assessor of 0-r nt Township. Mr. Countryman was married in Linn county] Iowa, iii lsGo, to Miss Lydia Usher, a native of that county, and a daughter of Hiram and Lueinda (Williams) Usher, natives of I >hio. In 1842 they came to Linn county, Iowa, where they were among the first set- tlers, and where they still reside. Our subject and wife have had seven children, namely: Ida M., formerly a teacher of this county, is now the wife of A. J. Mentor, of Grant Township; Rosa, deceased at the age of thir- teen years; C. C, attending college at Lin- coln, Nebraska; Sylvia; Hiram, deceased at the age of five years; Lawrence and Pearl. Mr. Countrvman is one of the early pioneers of Grant Township, has witnessed nearly its entire development, and has made what he now owns by hard work and frugality, having had comparatively nothing hut health and energy with which to begin. IEOEGE F. GRACES, a well-known farmer residing in Maple township, Ida county, Iowa, dates his birth in Men- dota, La Salle county, Illinois, August 11, L864. His parents, Julius J. and Helen (Barto) Graves, natives of Ohio and New York, respectively, located in Illinois at an earlj da] and resided at Mendota until L865. That rear they came to Iowa and settled south of Battle Creek, Ida county. There were then few families in this vicinity. In 1876 they moved to Platte county, Nebraska. They reared a family of thirteen children, eight Mm- and live daughters, all of whom are living. During the war the senior Mr. Graves was a member of the Thirty-first Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry, and now draws a pen-ion. lie is a member of the G. A. R. I'ost at Humphrey, Nebraska. Politically, he is a Republican. George F. was roared to farm life, receiv- ing only the educational advantages that were alforded on the fontier where hi- father lived. He was married September 15, 1888, to Mrs. Phoebe M. Heath, nee Ostrander, a witlow with three children, James, Ada and Harry. Mrs. Graves is a native of Boscobel, Grant county, Wisconsin. They have one child, Clara. They own the nice farm on which they live, 17-4 acres in sections 2l> and 35. Mr. Graves' political affiliations are with the People's party. He is progressive in his views and is one of the prominent young men of Maple township. EOEGl E. HENNEY. one of the early settlers ami well-known citizens of Craw- ford county, was born in Henry county, Illinois, in 1854, a son of A. K. Ilenney, who was born and reared in Wayne county, Ohio, He served as County Superintendent and Sheriff of Henry county for several years, and came to Crawford county, Iowa, in 1876. His death occurred December 30, 1883. Our subject's mother, nee Mary A. Mehrling, was a native of Columbia county, Pennsyl- vania, and a daughter of Peter and Mary Mehrling. Mr. and Mrs. Ilenney were the parents of two sons: William II., an editor, living at Girard, Kansas; and George E., our subject. The mother now resides on the home farm, which her husband improved. George E. Ilenney has .-pent a number of years of his life in Barton county, Missouri, and in Loup county, Nebraska. He came to Crawford county, Iowa, in lsTii. where he CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 257 owns a farm of eighty acres. He was mar- ried in 1879, to Jennie Harigan, and they have five children: May, Ivy, Charles, Henry and John. Mr. Henney affiliates with the Democratic party, and has held most of the township offices. fHOMAS CEAJSE, one of the promi- nent citizens and early settlers of Maple township, Ida county, resides on a farm of 320 acres in section 14. He has been a resident of Iowa since 1855, and of his present locality since 1877. Briefly, a sketch of his life is as follows: Thomas Crane was born on the Isle of Man, March 25, 1844,. His father, William Crane, was a soldier in the English army, and died of disease while in the Indias, his death occurring when Thomas was eighteen months old. His mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Faragher, was born on the Isle of Man, her parents being descendants of the first families of the island. After the death of her first husband she married Solomon Manley, by whom she had three children. She had two children by Mr. Crane, William and Thomas. The former is now a resident of Corwin township, Ida county, Iowa. Her death occurred when Thomas was seven years old. At the age of eleven the subject of our sketch came with his uncle, C. Faragher, to America, landing at New Orleans after a voyage of six weeks and two days; thence up the river to Dubuque, Iowa, and from there across the country with oxen to Monticello, Jones county. In this State he was reared and educated. Some years afterward he heard of the location of his step-father and half sister, Lizzie, and visited them at Min- eral Point, Wisconsin. This sister became the wife of Squire Lammon, and died in South Dakota. At the time Mr. Crane landed in Ida county, in 1877, his capital consisted of two teams and wagons, five cows and six shotes, and up- on his arrival here he settled on 160 acres of land, built a house, and for a time used his wagons for stable and granary. He tied the cows with hay ropes, and made a pen for his shotes with willow bark. The first money he received was for veterinary work, and for many years he has successfully practiced as a veterinary surgeon. He dehorned the first cattle in Ida cjunty, 6,000, and has probably dehorned more cattle than any other man in the county. For the first land he bought, 160 acres, he paid $17.50 per acre, making payments of $500 annually. He now owns 320 acres, one of the best farms in the town- ship. His residence, a frame house contain- ing ten rooms, is nicely furnished throughout. Its pictures, its musical instrument, and its library, together with the general appearance of this home, at once indicate the family to be not only people of wealth but also of cult- ure and refinement. From the beautiful building site on which the residence is sit- uated a magnificent view of the surrounding country is obtained. A grove and orchard of four acres, plenty of small fruit, large barn, other farm buildings, modern windmill, etc., etc., are among the other improvements Mr. Crane has put here. He keeps a good grade of both horses and cattle. In Octo- ber, 1891, he made a sale, which amounted to $2,700. Mr. Crane was married December 25, 1864, to Miss Elizabeth Jones, a native of Ken- tucky and a daughter of Enoch and Elezon (Lightfoot) Jones, residents of Battle Creek, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Crane have eight chil- 2.18 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF dren: Elmer Ellsworth, Frank Siegel, George Henry, William Wesley, Jennie Frances, Charles Enoch, Ed Harrison and Eudell Thomas. George II. was educated at the State Normal at Cellar Falls. Mr. Crane votes with the Democratic partj'. He has served as Township Trustee and also as a member of the School Board. IJe is a Methodist and his wife is a member of the Advent Church. Both socially and financially he is ranked with the best citizens of the county. gj^ETER MORRISON, a contractor and builder of Battle Creek, Iowa, was born in Painted Post, New York, November 15, 1821, a son of Thomas and Hannah (Sul- livan) Morrison, the former a native of Glas- gow, Scotland, and the latter of Georgia. When a young man the father left his native country for New York, where he was after- ward married. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, a stone mason by occupation, and in 1855 removed to Belleville, Dane county, Wisconsin. In 1861 he went to Albert Lea, Minnesota, where he died in l ROBERT THEOBALD, whose fine farm M, joins Astor on the east, is one of the venerable citizens of this part of Craw- ford county. Having lived here for more than twenty years, he is well-known in this vicinity, and it is appropriate that some men- tion of him be made on the pages of this work. Robert Theobald was born at Norfolk, En- gland, April 10, 1819, son of John Theobald and grandson of John Theobald, Sr., all men above the average in stature and all natives of England. John Theobald married Phillis Palmer, a native of Suffolk, England, and they became the parents of eight sons and four daughters. The family located on Prince Ed- ward Island in 1831; thence in 1847 to Iowa county, Wisconsin, being among the pioneers of Ridgeway. In Iowa county the parents 260 BIOGRAPHICAL SIBTOST OF spent the residue of their lives, died and are buried there. The father was a Farmer all bis life. IIo was a Republican :ui. Theobald died in 1885. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was in every respect a most estimable woman. In lstiti Mr. Theobald married Miss Anna Holmes, a native of England, and a daughter of Thomas Holmes of Shelby county, Iowa. They have two son 8, Robert and John. Mr. Theobald affiliates with the Republican party, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. His life has been char- acterized by honesty and industry and Chris- tian deeds, and few men are held in higher esteem than he. M. CRANE, one of the well-known citizens of Corwin township, [da Grove post office, has been a resident of Ida county since lNSf. when he set- tled here, he was born on the Isle of Man, May 16, 1841, son of William and Catherine (Earagher) Crane, the latter being one of the original Manx folks family, using something like the gaelic language, the parents were both born on the Isle of Man, and the father was a blacksmith, and soldier in the British army for three or four years, he died of chol- era at the age of thirty-three, leaving two children, William, our subject, and Thomas Crane, of Battle Creek. The mother of our subject died at the age of thirty-two, of dropsy. Our subject was reared on the Isle of Man, living in a sod house, thatched with straw, earth forming the floor. He was used to farm life, learning all that was necessary in that line, and receiving hia education at the schools of the island. After reaching matur- ity, Mr. Crane removed to Jones county, Iowa, where he remained for thirty years, pursuing his life work of farming. I'pon his arrival in Ida county, in 1SS4 he settled upon the Harring farm, but in 1S92 bought \7Ki- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 201 his present farm of 160 acres of James Tay- lor, and since purchasing the land Mr. Crane has continued the improvement of the place, upon this farm is a comfortable farm cottage 14 x 30 feet. When Mr. Crane reached the age of twenty-one he took unto himself a wife in the person of Miss Margaret Bolt, born in the Isle of Man, daughter of James and Ann (Faragher) Bolt, her father being an Englishman, her mother a native of the Isle of Man. Ten children have been horn to Mr. and Mrs. Crane, seven of whom are liv- ing as follows: Alice, wife of R. M. Jamison; John; Emily, wife of F. W. Fletcher, of Gar- field township; Henry; Lizzie, deceased, and Mary, deceased; the next were twins, Elijah and Mate, Mate being deceased; then Maggie, then Thomas. In politics Mr. Crane is a Republican and has served his party in the position of member of the School Board. He and his wife are consistent members of the Christian Church of Battle Creek, and Mr. Crane is a Deacon. Mr. Crane is one of the well-known, highly respected and honored citizen of Ida county and Corwin township. He is a man progressive in his views, liberal and public-spirited in every cause tending to benefit the community in which he resides. IT ... SI — '•V^*-^^-'-^ M. McALPIN, furniture dealer and undertaker at Denison, is one of the ^P?^*"* representative men of the. town. He has been identified with the educational and business interests of Crawford county for a number of years and is well known here. Mr. McAlpin was born in Davenport, Iowa, February 9, 1856, son of Patrick and Mary (Kehoe) McAlpin, who have been resi- dents of this county since the spring of 1874. He wag reared to farm life, and at the age of 22 nineteen bejjan teaching school, beincr thus engaged for seven years. At the end of that time he was married and settled on a farm. He was, however, engaged in agricultural pursuits only one year. In the fall of 1885 he was elected to the office of County Super- intendent, which important position he tilled for six years, and during that time did much to advance the educational interests of the county. Prior to filling this office he served as a member of the School Board, and was also Justice of the, Peace. During 1890 and 1891 Mr. McAlpin edited and published the Crawford County Teacher, a school journal. His deep interest in school work and his ex- perience, both as teacher and Superintendent, especially fitted him for that work. March 20, 1892, Mr. McAlpin purchased the furniture stock of W. H. Woolston. This stock includes a full line of household furni- ture, carpets, baby carriages, sewing machines, and undertaking supplies, the stock being valued at $3,000. His uniform courtesy, general popularity and honorable business methods insure his success in this enterprise. Mr. McAlpin was married April 10, 1882, to Miss Bridget M. Quigley, who was born in Philadelphia, August 16, 1856, daughter of Edward and Ann Quigley, who came to Crawford county in 1879. They have seven children: Mary, Edward, James, Matthew, Anna, Frances and Marcella. He and his family are members of the Catholic Church, and are among the most highly respected people of the city. WH&- ISAAC B. GOODRICH, deceased, one of M the earliest pioneers and most prominent W men of Crawford county, Iowa, was born in New York State, in October, 1804, son of 382 JUOtlliM'lIlt'AL JllSToliY OF Philander Goodrich, a descendan I of mie of the old families of New England. Ho was reared in his native State, and was there mar- ried to Miss Margarett Gamble. Following are the names of their children: Luzina, deceased wife of S. B. Greek; Sabina, wife of Edmund Howorth, living near Dow City, l..ua; Adaline, deceased wife of J. Munson; Leverett C, more extended mention of whom appears below; Tulley. deceased; William, a 1-. aident of Denison; Oscar, who lives in this county : Ilufus, who resides at the old home- stead; Milo, a resident of Nebraska; and two, Philander and Manirva, who died in infancy. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Goodrich, in company with a friend, went on a prospecting tour to Montana, walking the whole distance, both takimr their rifles with them. After exploring the Yellowstone valley, they went back to New York, returning as they had gone — afoot. They followed the Indian trails, and crossed the larger streams in bark canoes. Not long afterward Mr. Goodrich started West with his little family, stopping, however, a number of times before he reached Iowa. He lived three years in Ohio, two in Pennsylvania, five in Michigan, three in Wis- consin, and seven in Illinois. Leaving Illi- nois, he came to Iowa, locating first in Linn county, and in < October, 1854, coming to Craw- ford county. He was the first to enter land in this county, and Goodrich township was named in honor of him. On this farm, 290 acre-, he made his home and spent the residue of his life. His cabin. 14x20 feet, was the first shingled house in the county. This was located on an eighty-acre tract in Milford township. In 1855-'56 he and his sons got out loffS and built the honse, which still Btanda on the old farm in Goodrich town-hip. In L856 '56 the first election in the countj was held at Mason's grove, and Mr. Goodrich was elected School fund Commissioner, which position he filled until the office was abolished. At the time Mr. Goodrich came to this connty he wanted to enter a tract of timber land, but had much opposition from those already here, who feared he would enter it only for -pern lation. As a guarantee of good faith on his part to become an actual settle]-, he was asked to purchase a yoke of oxen, some sheep and a cow, and leave them until he returned with his family, which he did, thus securing the timber land. lie was engaged in farming all his life, with the exception of some time in Michigan, when he worked on the railroad, and a period spent in the lumber woods of Wisconsin. In politics, he affiliated with the Democratic party. for a number of years he served as County Supervisor of Crawford county, and in that capacity rendered efficient service. Reared a Baptist, he was a liberal supporter of all religious institutions. lie died in 1881, and his good wife passed away in April of the following year. Leverett 0. Goodrich was born in Mich- igan, April 17, 1838, and came to Crawford connty with his father and the other members of the family. His early life being passed on the frontier where schools were few, his education was necessarily very limited, but, by close observation, he has secured a fund of knowledge that enables him to attend to any business that devolves upon him. April 21, 1863, he married Miss Rachel Turman, who was born in I. a Payette county, Wisconsin, June '.», 1S43, daughter of John and Manirva (Sea) Turman, who were among the early settlers of Iowa. Her mother died in Woodbury county. April 18, 1880; her father at her 'home in Denison, March 29, L891. Alter his marriage Mr. Goodrich located on a tract of forty-five acres of unimproved CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 263 land in Denison township, and at once began the work of improvement. The second year he built a frame residence with lumber he hauled from Boone. This house, 14 x 22 feet, with a lean-to, 10 x 22, and a good brick cellar, was considered a very com fortable resi- dence in those days. Subsequently, as his means would allow, he erected granaries, barns, a hennery, etc. He now has cribs sufficient to store 12,000 bushels of ear corn, and 4,000 bushels of shelled corn. In 1876 the primitive dwelling gave place to an elegant residence, built at a cost of $3,000. He had increased his landed estate here to 400 acres, but has disposed of it all except ninety acres. He has been extensively interested in farming and has also handled a large amount of stock, hav- ing facilities for sheltering 400 head of cattle. In April, 1891, Mr. Goodrich moved to Deni- son, and has since resided here. He owns considerable city property, including thirteen lots and three houses, and has 221 acres of land near Denison. Mr. and Mrs. Goodrich have three children, viz.: Delia, wife of C. Dier, of Le Mars, Iowa; Margaret M., wife of George De Wolf, of Iowa Park, Texas; and Jesse L., at home. He is a stanch Democrat, and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. I H. CHILDRESS, one of the successful business men of Crawford county, w^s \' 3 born September 2, 1846, a son of J. M. Childress, Sr. Our subject was reared in Clark and Lewis counties, Missouri, received a good education, and in 1886 bought an in- terest in a sawmill in Ifills co.unty, Iowa. He did a profitable business there for some time, but sold out before the erection of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad in this State, in 1878. He came to this county the same year and rented land for a time near Vail. In 1887 he bought his present farm of 120 acres of rich land, which is now well improved, and has a tine dwelling, 24x26 feet, located on a natural building site. Mr. Childress has a good barn, 32 x 3& feet, an orchard of small fruits, and raises a fine grade of cattle. He was married at Vail, Iowa, to Miss Sarah L. Botts, who was born, reared and edu- cated in Lewis county, Missouri, a daughter of Ben Botts. Mr. Childress is a Democrat in his political views, is an honest and enter- prising business man, and is respected by all who know him. ■ I ) • I I IE > «l * CD a fAMES WICKWIRE,one of the success- ful and enterprising farmers of Crawford county, was born in Clinton county, Iowa, December 7,, 1853, a son p,f Charles Wickwire, a native of Madison county, New York, and of English and Scotch ancestry. Our subject's mother was formerly Christina Fulck. of Pennsylvania Dutch descent. She was twice married, first to E. Wright, and they had nine children, foiir son,s oi whom were soldiers in the late war. Mr. and Mrs. Wickwire we.re the parents of seven children. James, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native county, where he remained until 1880. In that year he bought and improved wild land in Craw- ford county, which is now one of the best farms in the neighborhood. He owns 320 acres, has a beautiful dwelling of gothic style, squares up 24x40 feet, one and a half stories high, and which was erected at a cost of $1,- 250. His barn, 34 x 40 feet, cost $600, and everything about the Wickwire farm shows \V,I BIOGRAPHICAL EIBTORT OF the thrift and good management of its owner. In addition to his farming interests lie also raises a good grade of stock. Mr. Wiekwire was married January 2, 1878, to Miss Allethea Nutter, who was born in Ohio, and reared unci educated in Illinois and Iowa, a daughter of Franklin and Eliz- abeth Nutter, the history of whom appears in this work. Our subject and wife have had five children: Efiie, Albert, Florence, Bnrrell and Mabel. Mr. Wiekwire affiliates with the Republican party, and has held the office of Township Trustee live years. Religiously, he is a member of the Methodist Church. He is intelligent and progressive, favors educa- tion, religion and temperance, and is inter- ested in everything for the good of his county. -e&^e-N > !A. GOFF is one of the early settlers of Crawford county, Iowa, and came here 9 when the country was almost unsettled. He was born in Cayuga county, New York, in March, 1833, and is the son of Frederick Goff, who was a native of Vermont. His fa- ther was named Thader Goff, and was also from Vermont and of German descent. The mother of our subject was Malinda Crandell, a native of the same State as her husband. He was by trade a carpenter and he followed this business all of his life, and died in Cass county, Michigan. The mother's life ended in Cherokee county, Iowa. There was a family of ten children, and the gentleman of whom we write was the next to the youngest. He was reared in Michigan from early child- hood until he had attained his majority and was inured to work on a farm and attended the district schools. At the age of seventeen he began the coopers' trade, which he fol- lowed for a number of years, probably twenty. He remained in Michigan until he was twen- ty-one, when he came to Iowa county, Iowa. and remained there for seven years and then made a visit for three years in Michigan again. In 1865 he came to Crawford county and located at Mason's Grove, where he fol- lowed his trade and did some farming. At this time he bought a tract of eighty acres on section 16, in Mil ford township. This was wild land, but he soon improved it with fencing and good buildings, which were the first to be erected in the county. He oper- ated this farm for two years, and then sold it and purchased a tract of 128 acres, on sections 5, 7 and 8, in Milford township, which was slightly improved. lie retained this until the spring of 1891. During the years of 187fi-'77 he resided in Daviess county, Mis- souri, but after two years of absence he re- turned to Crawford county and located in Deloit, where he purchased a house and ten town lots. He resided here until 1890 still looking after his farm and carrying on a manufactory of bricks, in which business he has been engaged for some fifteen years. During this time he added forty acres to the 120-acre tract, and now he has disposed of the latter and retained the smaller number of acres. In 1890 he moved to Arion, where he has made a home and engaged in brick- making, contracting and building, and is one of the owners of the original site of the town of Arion, and is one of the company of eight who organized and platted the town of Arion, in March, 1891. Ele has erected three dwell- ing-houses in the new city, and has erected the first brick building in the town, for the use of Mr. Buck. He has been instrumental in pushing forward this little city's interests, and has been one of the main factors in the building up of the place. He erected the CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 265 first residence in the town and has made many improvements. He owns the livery barn and operates the business of that kind in the city, or did so until recently, and now he rents it. He also handles the Silver King buggies and carriages. He affiliates with the Republican party, in which he dissents from his father, and he is a member of the School Board, and has been so for many years. The marriage of Mr. Goff took place in September, 1853, to Sarah J. Savage, who was born in Oswego county, New York, in 1835. They have a family of twelve chil- dren, and seven of these are living: Aribret F. resides in Colorado and is engaged in min- ing; John is a mason and resides in Arioni William is a clerk and lives in Pierce county, Nebraska; Orlando is a farmer and resides in How City; Rosa married A. A. Lambert, and lives in Arion; Mary and Mark live at home. Mary has been engaged in the tele- phone service at Sioux City, Iowa. Our subject has been an Elder in the Re- organized Church of Latter- Day Saints for a space of eighteen years, and was Pastor of the church in Deloit for ten years. In 1868 he took a trip to Nebraska, where he took up a claim in Antelope county, but the Indians were so troublesome that he gave up his ef- forts to retain it. jNDREW PRESTON, proprietor of the " Bonnie Brae " stock farm, and a dealer in shorthorn cattle, is one of the best- known men in Ida county, Iowa, and i6 highly respected and esteemed for his many good qualities. He dates his birth at a place near Dundee in Forfarshire, Scotland, May 8, 1850. His parents, John and Matilda (Hill) Preston, passed their lives and reared their family of nine children in their native land, Scotland, and both died there, the mother at the age of forty-nine years and the father at sixty. Three of their sons and two daughters are residents of Ida county, Iowa. The parents were Pres- byterians and in that faith reared their chil- dren. Andrew lived on his father's farm until he was nineteen, when he came to America and located in Chicago. From there he went to Dundee, Kane county, Illinois, and went to school one winter. In 1872 he took up his abode on wild land in Ida county, Iowa, and has since been identified with the farm in or and stock interests of this county. Now he owns 210 acres, one of the best farms in this part of the State. He has one of the finest groves in the county, it being composed of one acre of walnuts, one acre of maples, one acre of evergreens, hedges, wind-breaks, etc. — eight acres in all. His cottage home is nicely located and has attractive surround- ings, lawn, orchard and fruits. He has two barns, one 18x20 feet, with an addition 11 x 26 feet, and the other 48 x 50 feet. He also has other farm buildings and improve- ments, and the general appearance of his premises indicates the owner to be a man of marked intelligence and good management, as well as industry. Mr. Preston has been twice married. When he was twenty-four he was married in Ida county, Iowa, to Elvira M. Smith, who was born in New York, daughter of Samuel Smith. She died in 1879, leaving one son, Ellson G. In November, 1882, he married Anna J. Ferguson, his present companion. She was born in Chicago and is a daughter of D. C. Ferguson, who is a Board of Trade man and is prominently known in that city. Her 866 HloirliAPUlCAL EI8T0BT OF mother's maiden name was Sail. Mr. and Mrs. Preston bave fonr children : Archibald 0., Eoward II., Matilda E. and Winifred II. Mr. Preston is one of the [da county "wheel horses" in the Republican party. He has served as Township Trustee, as As- sessor, and is Secretary of the School Hoard. He is a member of the Farmers' Alliance, is an earnest temperance worker, is an Elder in the Presbyterian Church, and is Superintend- on! of the Sabbath-school. For four years he has served as secretary of the Ida County Agricultural Society. lie is also United States Crop Reporter for Ida county. Such is a brief sketch of one of the most prominent and popular citizens of Ida county. £ *©4= fr UN AN HATHAWAY, who has resided on a farm in Iowa township, Crawford county, Iowa, since 1880, is one of the prominent and popular men of his township. Briefly given, a sketch of his life is as fol- lows: Mr. Hathaway is a native of the " Hawk- eye " State. He was born in Jackson count}-, June Hi, 185*5, and comes from a family of pioneers and soldiers. His father, E. S. Hathaway, was born in Vermont, sou of Levi Hathaway, also a native of that State. The latter was a soldier in the war of 1812, and was a son of a Revolutionary soldier. They trace their ancestry back to the English. Levi Hathaway married Betsey Mather, who was horn in New York, and whose father, Dr. Mather, was a prominent surgeon in the Revolutionary war. In 18)53 they moved to Summit county, Ohio, locating in the town of Boston, where they lived until 1851. That year they came to Iowa and established their home in Jackson county, where they passed the rest of their lives and died. They had a family of four sons and two daughters. < >ne son, Seth II., a soldier in the late war, died in hospital at Baltimore, Maryland. E. S. Hathaway was reared and educated in Summit county, Ohio, and was married in North Hampton, that State, to Eunice C. Prior, who was born and reared in Ohio, daughter of 0. C. P. Prior. E. S. Hathaway lived in Jackson county, Iowa, from 18ol till 1880, when he moved to Ottawa county, Kansas. He and his daughter are still resi- dents of Ottawa county. His family is com- posed of four sons and one daughter, namely: G. A., of Cedar county, Nebraska; George P., a Methodist minister, of Vincent, Iowa; Ernan, of Crawford county, Iowa; I). C, of Ottawa county, Kansas; and Orrie. All re- ceived good educational advantages, and three were successful teachers. Ernan Hathaway grew up on his father's farm, and was for some time engaged in teaching in Jackson and Linn counties. In 1880 he settled on eighty acres of wild land in this county, and subsequently bought eighty acres of improved land from his brother, G. A. He now has 1(30 acres of good land, each eighty having a story and a half cottage house on it. On one place is a grove and orchard of nine acres. His barn is 18 x 36 feet, and his granary, cribs, feed lots, stock scales, fences, etc., etc., are all conveniently arranged and kept in the best of order, lie gives special attention to stock-raising, hav- ing some thoroughbred cattle and hogs, and also some tine horses. Mr. Hathaway was married in November, L879, in Jackson county, Iowa, to Melissa Hasson, who, previous to her marriage, was engaged in teaching. She is a daughter of William and Ann (McCurly) Hasson, natives of Canada. Mr. and Mrs. Hathaway have G RAW FORI), IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 267 had four children, two of whom, Ida M. and Beryl, are living. Maggie Jane and Leafy died in infancy. Mr. Hathaway is a member of the I. O. O. F., No. 222, and in politics is a Republican. t$nh f^ON. WILLIAM A. DAVIE, a farmer of section 36, Boyer township, Crawford county, located in this county in Octo- ber, 1860, coming from Clinton county, Iowa. He is a native of Livingston county, Illinois, having been horn in October, 1855, being the third child of a family of eight horn to John T. and Hannah (Hoskins) Davie, natives of England and New York respectively. The father left his native country in 1846 and came to Michigan, where he remained some time, married, came to Livingston county, Illinois, and afterward removed to Clinton county, Iowa, and finally to Crawford county in 1860, settling in Boyer township. He con- tinued to make this county his home, until shortly before his death. In 1883 he removed to Harrison county and here he died. His wife is still surviving and resides in Harrison county. The surviving members of the family are: Ellen Rogers, married Frank Roberts, heing the widow of John Rogers; Isabelle, wife of John Coon; W. A., our subject; Emma, single; Ida, wife of L. Hunt, of Lin- coln township, Harrison county; Nellie, wife of Charley Hunt, of Harrison county, and Frank and Minnie, single. Stella died in Harrison county, in 1881. William was reared in Crawford county from the time he was six. He received his education in the district schools, going first to school in a sawmill. After leaving school AVilliam tried his hand at training the infant mind for four years, but finding that farming was preferable, he engaged in that occupation and now owns the old homestead. It is a fine farm of 200 acres, in a good state of cultiva- tion and pasturage, well watered with creeks and streams. He deals largely in stock, feed- ing from one to two car-loads yearly. The grade of hogs is very fine,— Poland-China. This gentleman is an ardent Democrat and takes an active part in local politics. He represented the Fifty-sixth District in the Legislature of his State during the Twenty- second and Twenty-third General Assemblies. While there he served on railroad committees, serving with credit, until 1891. He has been a member of the Board of Supervisors and is a member of Dunlap Lodge, A. F. & A. M, Mr. Davie was married in Boyer township, in 1876, to Mary E. Fullerton, daughter of Christian and Mary (Spotswood) Fullerton, natives of Pennsylvania, coming in 1860 to Ohio and eleven years later to Crawford county, Iowa. The father died in California, in 1887, but his wife is still living and resides with her children. Mr. and Mrs. Davie have five children: Edith, Maud, Raymond, Mabel and Harry. Mr. Davie is one of the prominent men of Boyer township, and has seen the entire growth of the township and county, and has always identified himself with the county in every possible way. R. A. D. WILKINSON, one of the lead- ing physicians of Denison, Iowa, has been in practice in this city since the fall of 1885. Briefly given, a sketch of his life is as follow: Dr. A. D. Wilkinson was born in West Lebanon, Pennsylvania, October 3, 1857, son of William C. and Mary H. (Cooper) Wilkin- 268 BIOGRAPHICAL HlsnUiY OF son, who were descended from English an- cestors, lit- received bis education at Elder Ridge Academy, and during li is !>oylioof Pyth- ias, Dowdall Lodge, No. 00, having passed all its chairs. He is President of the Craw- ford County Medical Society, a member of the Iowa State Medical Society, a charter member of the Medical Society for the Mis- souri Vallej . and also a member of the Ameri- can Medical Society. He is President of the Board of United States Examining Surgeons for pensions and is Health ( )fticer of Denison. Both he and his wife are active members of the Presbyterian Church, he being an Elder. The Doctor is a graduate of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, having received his diploma in 1887. He is also a member of the White Seal. ; TTO IIINK, a large land-owner and a prominent citizen of Washington town- ship, Crawford county, Iowa, was born in Hanover, Germany, March 25, 1842, son of Henry and Anna (Bremer) Ilink, natives of Germany. His parents were Lutherans. They passed their lives and died in Germany. Otto was sent to school until he was fourteen. In 1800, at the age of twenty-four, he set sail for America, ami in due time landed in New York. He lived in the East until March, 1867, when he took up his abode near Gen- eseo, in Henry county, Illinois, working hy the month on a farm there for three years. He then came to Poweshiek county, Iowa, and was engaged in farming near Grinnell until 1883. That year be moved to Craw- ford county, Iowa, and bought 160 acres of wild land in section 2, Washington township, of a Mr. Swing, of Ohio. To it he has added by more recent purchase until he is now the owner of 480 acres. His house is 18 \ '-''> feet, a story and a half, with a one-story L, 14 x 10 feet, and a porch. He has an abund- ance of small fruit, and an orchard and grove. His barn is 40 x 42 feet, with a rock base- ment, and the dimensions of his granary are 16 x 24 feet. These and other farm improve- ments all go to make up a well-equipped es- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 209 tablishment and give an air of general pros- perity to the premises. He rents out a portion of his land. Seventy-five acres he has in corn and fifty-two acres in grain. He keeps annually about seven horses, seventy hogs and fifty cattle. The farm is indeed one of the best improved in the township. Mr. Hink was married in 1875, in Powe- shiek county, Iowa, to Miss Mary Baltisbeyer, a native of Calhoun county, Illinois, and a daughter of Henry Baltisberger and Margaret, his wife. They have eight children, namely: John Henry, Mary Elizabeth, Anna Lucy, Maggie, Tillie Louisa, Ida Sophia, Otto Peter and Clara Minna. Politically, Mr. Hink is a Democrat. He is now serving as Township Trustee and has been a member of the School Board. Both he and his wife are members of the'Lutheran Church. He is a man who keeps well abreast with the times and takes an active part in the advancement of educational and religious interests. Socially, politically and financially he is marked with the best citizens of the county. fOSIAH INGHRAM, one of the repre- sentative citizens of Crawford county, was born in Greene county, Pennsyl- vania, May 18, 1859, a son of Isaac and Me- lissa Inghram, natives also of that county. Their ancestors were among the early settlers of Pennsylvania. Isaac Inghram was a son of John Inghram, and our subject's mother was a daughter of Arthur Inghram, a native of Greene county, Pennsylvania. Isaac and Melissa' Inghram were the parents of ten chil- dren, seven now living: Hysee, Slater, Arthur, James, Josiah, Norman and Uriah. The de- ceased were: Franklin, Jesse and Robert. The mother died at the age of forty-eight years, and the father at the age of sixty-three years. The latter was a cabinet-maker by trade, a farmer by occupation, a Republican in his political views, and religiously, a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church. The mother was a member of the Methodist Church. Josiah Inghram, our subject, was reared to farm life, and was early taught industry and honesty. In 1882, in company with his brother, Norman, he bought the Harrison Dee farm, of 160 acres, in Crawford county, to which they have since added until they now own 365 acres of rich land. They have one of the best farms in the township, have a good dwelling, 16x24 feet, one and a half stories high, with an L, 16 x 20 feet, one story high, and have a beautiful grove of three acres. Their place is well watered and fenced, and is stocked with good cattle, horses and hogs. Mr. Inghram was married May 14, 1884, to Kitty M. Shove, a native of New York, and a daughter of G. R. Shove, who was born in Oneida county, New York, May 1, 1837. He was a son of Charles and Eliza (Shears) Shove, natives of England. The father died at the age of forty-nine years, and the mother at the age of sixty -five years. G. R. Shove was reared as a shoemaker in his native State, and at the age of nineteen years went to southern Illinois, but soon afterward returned to New York: was for a time on the Western Reserve, in Geauga county, Ohio; in 1867 removed to Linn county, Iowa, and in 1879 came to this county. He now owns a tine farm on section 29, West Side township, near Vail. Mr. Shove has been twice married, first, at the age of twenty-five years, to Kate Lanninor, a native of New York. They had three children: Kittie, wife of our subject; Nellie, a successful teacher; and George. His 270 BIOGRAPMIOAL II I STORY OF Becond marriage was to Sarah Crouch, a na- tive of Massachusetts, and they had two chil- dren: Lorain and William F. Mr. and Mrs. Inghram have one daughter, Frances Myrtle, Mr. [nghram is a Republican in his political views, and is one of the popular and success- ful business men of Crawford county. ;•;•■ C. HAWLET, one of the wealthy and influential farmers of Milford town- s' 3 ship, Crawford county, Iowa, has been identified with the best interests of this place since 1878. Of his life and ancestry, the following record is made: K. C. Hawley was born at Stratford, Con- necticut, August 31, 1827, son of Abijah and Iluldah (Curtiss) Hawley, both natives of Trumbull, Connecticut. II is grandfather, Robert Hawley, also a native of Trumbull, served in the Revolutionary war when only sixteen years old. After his death his widow received a pension. The Ilawleys were among the earliest settlers of Connecticut. Their an- cestry can be traced back to those who went to England with William the Norman. Senator Hawley, of Connecticut, is a cousin of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Ilawley's maternal grandparents were Daniel and Iluldah (Burr) Curtis. Abijah llawley died at the age of sixty-one years and his wife at the age of fifty-one. Their family comprised nine children, six sons and three daughters, R. C. being the fifth-born. The father was a Whig in politics and an Episcopalian in religion. At the a^e of sixteen the subject of our sKetch entered upon an apprenticeship to the coach and carriage-makers' trade, and for a period of thirty-four years followed that business with profit and success. In 1878 he located on "2-10 acres of his present farm, which he purchased of Mrs. Sarah Bronhall. Later, he bought 160 acres of S. Todd, and now has 400 acres of productive land in sec- tion 15. This farm is well watered and adapted for both pasture and grain. His two-story residence is beautifully situated and surrounded with a profusion of vines and shade and ornamental trees. He also has a fine grove of forest trees. His barn is 42 x 68 feet, and his other buildings, fences, etc., are all in first-class order, his farm being one of the best improved in the county. He and his sons are together engaged in farming and stock-raising. Mr. llawley was married in New York city, when he was twenty-five years old, to Miss Sarah A. Beers, daughter of Burton and Eunice (Wheeler) Beers, of Connecticut. They had six children, viz.: Ella L., Edward W., Frank L., Robert C, Wilbur and Sarah A. Sarah is the wife of a Mr. Ford and lives in New Haven, Connecticut. Mrs. Hawley died June 13, 1868. She was a woman of education and refinement, and possessed many amiable qualities that endeared her not only to her family but also to a large circle of friends. Mr. Hawley is a man of the strictest in- tegrity, and has high standing in the com- munity in which he resides. He is a Repub- lican in politics. ^I'NT BROS., general merchants of De- loit, Iowa, are among the representative firms of Crawford county. The part- nership is composed of N. L. and C. J. Hunt, and they carry a full line of dry goode, boots, shoes, notions, groceries, and everything to be found in a first-class store. The proprietors CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 271 have been reared in this county, are well- known and popular men, and enjoy a tine trade. They do an annual business of $20,- 000, and during the year 1890 they bought 47,130 dozens of eggs, worth $4,375, and 26,- 537 pounds of butter, worth $2,239. They keep the best of goods, and do a fair and hon- orable business. The Hunt family are among the prominent old settlers of the county, having come here in 1848. Ninus L. Hunt was born in Good- rich township, Crawford county, Octoher 19, 1855, a son of Judge Alonzo Hunt, who was born in Saratoga county, New York, in 1827. The latter was a son of Walter Hunt, a native of New York State, and of English ancestry. He was a son of Captain Ziba Hunt, an officer in the Revolutionary war. Alonzo was reared and educated in his native State, and in 1848 came West, first locating near Dun lap, Har- rison county, Iowa. In the spring of 1857 he went to Johnson county, Nebraska, where he was elected Judge of that county. He was taken prisoner at Nebraska City, Nebraska, by the rebels, and after his release he enlisted in the United States Army, First Nebraska Cavalry Regiment. He died in a hospital at Omaha while in service. Mr. Hunt was mar- ried at Council Bluffs, Iowa, to Margaret Dobson, a daughter of Ben Dobson, an old and prominent pioneer of the county, who built the first gristmill in this city. Mr. and Mrs. Hunt had six children: Sarah A., A. W., N. L., Mary L., Charles J., Cynthia A. The latter died September 14, 1864. After the death of her husband and daughter the mother returned to her father's home in this county. She is now sixty-two years of age and receives a pension of $12 a month. N. L. Hunt received a good education at Deloit, and when twenty-one years of age was elected Township Assessor. He served two years as Township Clerk, and in the fall of 1887 was elected County Auditor, having a majority of fifty votes over his opponent and overcoming a Democratic majority of 433 on the State ticket. He served with credit to himself and the general public. Our subject was married at the age of twenty- four years, at Deloit, to Emma L. Mason, a native of Crawford county, Iowa, and a daughter of Jesse Mason, deceased, a prominent pioneer of this county, and from whom Mason's Grove was named. He came here in 1851 and died September 28, 1891. Mr. and Mrs. Hunt have one son : Ralph Blaine, born February 13, 1883. Our subject is a Republican in his political views, has served as Postmaster of Deloit, and has the honor of being the only Republican that has served as Auditor of Crawford county. He is a Notary Public and Treasurer of the Milford Township School Board. Socially, he is a member of the W. A. McHenry Camp, Sons of Veterans, No. 53, and of the K. of P., No. 90, of Denison. EORGE S. JORDAN, a farmer of Craw- ford county, was born at Gallon's Grove, Shelby county, August 16, 1853, a son of William H. Jordan, a well-known pioneer of Crawford county. Our subject's mother, nee Mary P. Gallon, was a daughter of Abel Gallon, in whose honor Gallon's Grove was named. He was one of the early pioneers of Shelby county, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Jordan had eight sons and three daughters, viz. : Sirelda Budd, the first white girl born in Iowa, and now a resident of Dow City, Iowa; H. B., Woodson, Perry, Minerva, Hannah, Joseph, Hiram, John, Gee and Cornelius. The father, born in 1802, died in May, 1889, having been a farmer all his life. He was a i:i<>i;!tAPtfiCAL HISTORY OF Democrat in his politic&l views, and relig- iously was a member of the Latter-Day Saints. The mother was born in 1817 and died in 1891. George S., the seventh son of his parents, first went to school in private dwellings, and was early taught to break prairie with ox teams, lie remained at home until twenty- two years of age, and then settled on section 9, Milford township. In 1881 he located on his present farm, where he has a good dwell- ing, 14 x 22 feet, one and a half stories high, located a natural building site, and sur- rounded by a beautiful lawn. Mr. Jordan was married in 1875 to Malessa Ford, a native of Illinois, but reared and educated in Carroll county, Iowa. She is a daughter of Joseph and Sarah (Ochampaugh) Ford, the former deceased, and the latter is a resident of this township. Our subject and wife have had live children, namely: Ethel A., Jennie, Nora May, Vivian I. and Tracy Cleveland. Mr. Jordan is a Democrat in his political views, lias served as a member of the School Board, and has had charge of the road work of Milford township for the past two years. Mr. and Mrs. Jordan are worthy members of the Reorganized Church of Latter-Day Saints. -•SP 3-f [EORGE WINANS, a farmer of Craw- Eord county, was born near Sheffield, Bureau county, Illinois, February 18, L848, a son of ( 'lark and ( 'atherine (Shi veley) Winans, natives of Beaver county, Pennsyl- vania. The parents were married in Trum- bull county, Ohio, and soon afterward went to Hamilton county, Illinois, two years later to Bureau county, same State, in ^54, came on with ox teams to Boone, Iowa, and Septem- ber 17, 1854, landed in Crawford county. The father bought a claim of Jesse Mason, on which was a small house, and a few acres broken. A few years later a good frame dwelling was built on the old site, also large barns and other conveniences. Mr. and Mr>. Winans were the parents of ten children. Lucy Dobson, of Deloit, Iowa, was his daugh- ter by the first marriage. The father held the office of County Supervisor eleven yeaiv, and was a popular man in his community. George Winans was reared on the old home farm, and in early life was employed in driv- ing ties for the North-Western Railroad, also worked some years for Sol L. Slater, his brother in-law. He now owns a tine farm of 270 acres, a good dwelling, 14 x 22 feet, one and one-half stories high, beautiful groves and orchards, and everything necessary for a well-regulated farm. Mr. Winans was mar- ried September 27. 1877, at Denison, Iowa, to Miss Sabina Mclvim, a native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of David McKim, of Deloit, this State. She was nine years of age when she came to this city, where she was reared and educated. Our subject and wife have one son and two daughters: Ray, born August 6, 1878; Mabel Fay, July 17, 1883; and Bessie Clare, March 1, 1886. Mr. Winans is a Democrat in his political views, honorable in his business dealings, and is a popular citizen of Crawford county. ■■> ■■ £ ■ !■ i f g i' - ?M. CHILDRESS, a successful business man of Crawford county, was born in 9 Clark county, Missouri, June 16, 1850, a son of J. M. Childress, Sr., who was born on the Licking river, Kentucky. The latter was a son of John Childress, a member of an old and prominent Virginia family. J. M. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 273 Childress, Sr., removed to Clark county, Missouri, when a young man, received a col- lege education in his native State, and was a lawyer by profession. He was in the Clerk's office at Waterloo, Missouri, for a time, and was one of the first County Surveyors of the county, having made many important sur- veys. He also did a large mercantile busi- ness for many years. He was married at Waterloo,' Clark county, Missouri, to Miss Martha Conyers, a lady of intelligence, edu- cation and refinement, and a member of a good family. After marriage Mr. Childress lived at Fairmont, Clark county, for a time. During the war he was a radical Democrat, having been reared in the Southern States, and, being outspoken in his belief, was taken prisoner near Union Mills. He was confined at St. Louis, Missouri, afterward taken to In- diana, where he remained until the close of the struggle, and he then found his property had been confiscated. He returned home, broken in health and spirit, and lived but a short time, dying in April, 1866, at Canton, Missouri. The mother died six years previ- ous to her husband's death. They were the parents of nine children, viz.: Xewton, who served in the Southern army under General Price, was wounded by a shell, and now re- sides at Canton, Missouri, on the old home farm; Eda, Kate, Robert, Anna, J. M., J. F., Clay and Victoria (deceased at the age of seven years). J. M. Childress, the subject of this notice, was reared in Clark county, until 1863, and in that year went to Canton, same State. In 1874 he came to Crawford county, Iowa, and for eight years farmed on rented land near A r ail. In 1892 he bought his present fine farm, where he has a good house, 20x24 feet, one and a half stories high, and a beauti- es ful grove and orcbard. His residence is erected on the Southern style, and is located a half mile from the road. Mr. Childress was married in Lewis county, Missouri, to Miss Charlotte E. Botts, a na- tive of that county, and a daughter of Ben and Martha (Lincoln) Botts, natives of Vir- ginia and Maryland, respectively. The father died at the age of seventy-nine years, and the mother now resides at Canton, Missouri. Our subject and wife have had eight children, namely: Charlie Tilden, Mattie Conyers, Amy Blanch, Harry Milton, Elsie Mabel, Rob Harvey, Josephine and Charlotte Lois. Mr. Childress is a Democrat in his political views, has served as Trustee of his township, as a member of the School Board, and is an intelligent and popular business man. H. ROGERS, one of the intelligent and prosperous farmers of Maple town- ° ship, Ida county, Iowa, was born in Linn county, this State, June 8, 1847. Henry Rogers, bis father, one of the first settlers of Linn county, Iowa, was born in Pennsylvania, son of Robert R. Rogers. He was reared in his native State, and there mar- ried Miss Fanny Bixler, also a native of Pennsylvania. Soon after their marriage they moved to Ohio, and six years later, in the spring of 1838, they moved to Illinois, where they lived about a year, and then came to Iowa and settled in Linn county. This was before Iowa was admitted into the Union. He built his log cabin in Putnam township, and from the door of his humble home the latch-string ever hung out, he and his good wife dispensing hospitality alike to friend and to stranger. He was a Deacon in. the Baptist Church. Both parents have passed away. At the time they settled here 874 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF there were more Indians in Iowa than white people. On their frontier farm they reared live sons and four daughters, namely: Mary Thompson, of Boone county, Iowa; Robert, of Lenox, Taylor county, Iowa; J. J., of Bat- tle township, Ida county; William I)., Adair county, Iowa; Elizabeth J. Miller, Battle township; James II., Kansas; A. II., the subject of our sketch; Emerctta ('lark, Ben- ton county, Iowa; and Semantha A., wife of C. B. Conover, Battle township. Mr. Rogers was early in n red to hard work on his father's pioneer farm, and was taught those lessons of honesty and industry which have served well as a foundation for his suc- cessful career. He was engaged in farming in his native county until 1884, when he came to Ida county and bought 1G0 acres of land in Maple township of S. S. Manning. It was partly improved at the time of pur- chase, and from time to time he has made further improvements, until now his farm is ranked with the host in the township. The house, 24x16 feet, with an L 16x28 feet, is a story and a half and has two porches. It is well furnished and beautifully located, sur- rounded with attractive lawn and shade trees. He has an orchard and grove of two acres. If is barn is 40 x 52 feet. He has large cattle sheds, cribs, granary, feed lots, windmill, good fences, and everything kept up in nice repair. Mr. Rogers was married at the age of twenty-three to Miss Maggie Clark, a mem- ber of a Scotch Presbyterian family. Her parents, Thomas W. and Margaret (Andrews) Clark, natives of Scotland, emigrated from there to Canada, and in 1865 came to Linn county, Iowa. They had nine children, seven sons and two daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Clark- celebrated their golden wedding December 31, 1891, at their home near Ely in Linn county, seven of their children being present. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers have six children, viz.: Lydia E. wife of Henry Crane; Eva May. a successful and popular teacher; Albert .J ml sun, Orville ('lark, Fanny M. and Robert Fulton. Their first-horn, Henry and Thomas, twins, died at the age of six week-. Mr. Rogers affiliates with the Republican party. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church of Ida Grove. ILLIAM HOUSTON, of Paradise township, Crawford county, Iowa, re- p-s^Bri sides on a farm of 200 acres in sec- tion 33. He is one of the intelligent, enter- prising and popular citizens of his township, and has been identified with its interests since 1876. Following is a brief sketch of his life: William Houston was born in Renfrew- shire, Scotland, November 26, 1837, son of David and Elizabeth (Morton) Houston, na- tives of the same shire. He was reared in Scotland, and there learned the trade of cot- ton spinner. His father, a quarry-man by occupation, died in his native land. His mother is still living in Scotland and is now eighty-four years of age. In their family of nine sons and one daughter William was the second son born. At the age of twenty- eight he came to America and located in Adams, Massachusetts, where for a number of years he was machinist and millwright for the Renfrew Manufacturing Company, one of the largest establishments of the kind in Massachusetts. In 1876 he made a tour of the West, spending ten weeks in Colorado. Deciding to locate in Iowa, he purchased 120 acres of wild land here, to which he after- ward added eighty acres, making 200 acres, his present tine farm. His attractive cottage home is nicely furnished, and the general CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 275 appearance of his place indicates the presence of cultured and refined people. His farm is well improved with grove and orchard, barn, granaries, good fences, etc. Mr. Houston was married June 1, 1866, in Scotland, to Elizabeth Orr, who was reared and educated in that country. Her parents, William and Elizabeth (Barr) Orr, both na- tives of Scotland, are deceased. Her father died in his native land, at the age of seventy years, and lier mother came to this country and died at Adams, Massachusetts, aged seventy-four. Mr. Orr was twice married. He had three children by his first wife and ten by the second. Mr. and Mrs. Houston have had five children, two of whom, Will- iam and Lizzie, the second and third-born, died at the ages of eighteen and thirteen months respectively. The others are David L., Maggie and Robert W., all at home. Miss Maggie early developed a talent for music, has been given an excellent musical education and is a fine pianist. Mr. Houston is Democratic in politics. He has served as a Justice of the Peace and as a member of the School Board. He and his family are Presbyterians. fHEODORE DRAKE, representative of the Scriver Lumber Company, at Char- ter Oak, Iowa, is a native of Warren county, New Jersey, born August 29, 1844, son of Martin and Sophia S. (McGinley) Drake. His parents were natives of New Jersey and were of Scotch and English ex- traction — perhaps a slight mixture of German on the father's side. When Theodore was ten years of age the family moved to Dodge county, Wisconsin, where he was reared on a farm, and where his parents died. October 4, 1864, at the age of eighteen years, he enlisted in Company B, Third Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered out July 25, 1865, at Louisvilie, Kentucky. He participated in several skir- mishes and was in the battle of Nashville, Tennessee, and at Johnston's surrender at Raleigh, North Carolina. After the war he returned home and remained there until he was twenty-six, when he married and settled on a farm. He remained on the farm until 1876, with the exception of four years, two years being in the marble business and two years soldiering and on the sick list after his service, having contracted disease while on duty. In the spring of 1876 he came to Iowa, located at Denison, and for two years was en- gaged in the stock business. Then, in con- nection with his dealing in stock, he began fruitgrowing and gardening, having pur- chased ten acres of land just outside the cor- poration limits. This place he still owns. In 1881-'82 he was engaged in the creamery business at Denison. After that he turned his attention to the lumber business, being with C. P. Stocking for a time, and then enter- ing the employ of Scriver & Co. He oper- ated a yard at Dow City for this company until July 23, 1887, and on the 25th of July he opened the yards at Charter Oak. where he has since been employed. He has built two residences in Charter Oak, one of which he rents, and he also has a residence which he rents in Denison. Besides this property he also owns several valuable lots in Charter Oak. Mr. Drake is a public-spirited and enter- prising man and since he came here has been thoroughly identified with the best interests of the place. He is a Republican in politics, and has been a member of the School Board of Charter 2.78 HKKUlAI'IfJCAL HISTORY OF ():il< sine.' the organization of tin- independent district. He has been a member of the John A. Logan Post, (I. A. EL, Denieon, since its organization, and is also associated with the [.O.O. F.. No. lt)5, and K. of P., No. 221, Charter Oak, being l'a.-t Grand in the 1. < >. ( ). 1'. and Master of Finance in the K. of 1'.; also a member of the A. O. U. W. of Iowa. Mr. Drake was married May 28, 1872, at Waukegan, Illinois, to Miss Jennie M. Mc- Quivey, who was horn in Jefferson county. Wisconsin, January 19, 1852, and is of Scotch descent, and eldest daughter of F. 0. and M. J.McQnivey. They have four children : Fran- ces M., Nellie M., Carrie L. and Charlie P. All are at home except the oldest, who is en- gaged in teaching in this county. The family are memhers of the Paptist ( 'hnrch. Mr. and Mrs. Drake were reared on adjoining farms in Clyman township. Dodge county, "Wisconsin. k ! IS. M A ( i ( ; 1 F W. T A LC< >TT, of I >, rw Y City, Iowa, was horn in Renfrewshire, Scotland, near Glasgow, daughter of . I aim's and Margaret {Wallace) Wilson, natives of that country. Her father died in Scotland, in 18-13, and her mother subsequently came to this country, in 1858, where she died in lssl. Mrs. Talcott received her education in Scotland, and in her girlhood came to America. Alter living in Maine nine years she came to Crawford county, Iowa, where she had relatives and friends. She was mar- ried November 4, 1868, in Denison, Iowa, to Benjamin West Talcott, with whom she lived happily until his death May 2, lN~7. Mr. Talcott was horn in Madison county, Ohio, February Hi, 1*47. His father, Martin Talcott, was horn in New England, a descend- ant of an old New England family, and his mother, Sybil Talcott, in i Cntter, was born in New York state. When Benjamin W. was a lad of ten years his parents moved to Whiteside county, Illinois, where he was reared to farm life. At about the age <>f nineteen years he came to Crawford county, Iowa. After his marriage he rented land of Judge S. E. Dow for some time. Then he bought a farm in section 25, Union township, where he lived until his death, May 2, 1877, aged thirty years. Thej had tour children, three of whom are living, namely: James Wilson, George Marion and Benjamin West, aged respectfully twenty-one, nineteen and sixteen years; Sybil died at the age of six years. Politically, Mr. Talcott was a Demo- crat. He was Master of the Orange for a time. He was a most worthy citizen and a man of influence in the community in which he lived. Some time after the death of her husband, Mrs. Talcott sold the farm and moved to Dow- City, in lNSO, in order to give her children the benefit of educational advantages. In 18 ( J0 she bought 160 acres of land two miles east of Dow City and two miles south of Arion, and on this property she and her sons now live, engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. They have a nice cottage home pleasantly located and surrounded with lawn, grove, orchard, etc. Everything about the premises is kept in good order and indicates prosperity. Mrs. Talcott and her sons are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Dow City, and she and her family are among the most highly respected people of the community in which they reside. T&A&fa- CHAW FORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES- 277 jUDOLPH LEHFELDT is one of the leading and most progressive citizens of Crawford county, Iowa. He was born in Holstein, Germany, in Curautown, De- cember 28, 1840, and was the son of John and Anna (Stean) Lehfeldt. The father died in the old country many years ago and the mother followed him. They were parents of nine children and of these: Henry resides in Denison; Fritz in Crawford county: and Em- ma is the wife of Charles Hensen, of Craw- ford county. The rest of the family still live in the old country. Our subject was reared in his native coun- try and attended the excellent German schools. When he was twenty-one years old he began to do for himself and went into the sheep business, which he followed exclusively until he came to America. In the year 1870 he crossed the ocean and found his way as far across the continent as Denison, Crawford county, Iowa, where he purchased a tract of 218 acres in Otter Creek township, at $8 an acre. This was wild, unimproved land, and our German emigrant was among the first to settle on land in that township. He went to work in the right way, making improvements, erected a dwelling, 16x22 feet, with a kitchen, and began breaking up his virgin land for a comfortable hqme for himself and family. At this place he made, his home for fifteen years. He improved it in every way, made fences, set out trees and still owns the place, with 160 acres added to it, until he lately sold the latter. While living on the farm he engaged in general farming and also in sheep- raising, which he carried on quite extensive- ly. In 1885 he moved his family to Montana, where he established a large sheep ranch and Stocked it with 1,800 sheep. He remained there for live years and handled during, that time upward of 20,000 sheep, and when he 23 left the ranch he had 10,000 head on the places, having four winter ranches. Pie still operates his sheep business in Montana, where his two sons attend to it. He returned to Crawford county, Iowa, in 1890, and spent one year on his old home- stead in Otter Creek township, and in 1891 purchased the Goodrich farm of 329. acres in Denison township, which is located just out of the corporate limits of Denison. Here he raises hay and corn for feed for his sheep, which he brings in from Montana and keeps here during the winters. During the past winter he has wintered 3,000 head. He has one of the finest homes and stock-farms in this part of the county. He is one of the most enterprising and energetic men in the county. He is self-made, having started in the battle of life with nothing but his health and strength and now is one of the wealthi- est men in Crawford county. Mr. Lehfeldt was married in Germany in November, 1864, to Mary Witt, who was born in Schleswig, Germany, and they have five children: Ludwig is in Montana on the ranch, thirty-five miles northwest of Bil- lings; Alvena is at home; Hamlin is in Mon- tana on the ranch; and Willie is at home. The family of our subject belongs to the German Lutheran Church, and are among the most worthy people in the county. The first wife of Mr. Lehfeldt died in 1874, at the age of thirty one years. He was married in 1882 to Miss Mary Schrader, and little Willie is the child of this marriage. lf|j|l; H. BLISS, who resides on an eighty- \f\ \1| acre f arm > n section 26, Logan town- 1 ,= ^&tJ * ship, Ida county, Iowa, has been identified with the agricultural interests of IlIoiili.U'llli'AL MSTnftV <>F this place since 1875, and is one of the most prominent and highly respected citizens of the township. Mr. Bliss was born in Addison county, Ver- mont, September 20, 1823, son of Calvin Blies, a native of Colerain, Massachusetts. His grandfather, Calvin Bliss, Sr., was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and lived to be ninety-six years old. The Bliss family are descended from French and English an- cestry and are related to P. P. Bliss of ''(Ins- pel Bongs" fame. The mother of our sub- ject was before her marriage Miss Mary Ann Brasted. She was born at Bridport, Ver- mont, daughter of William Brasted, a native of New Jersey. Calvin Bliss and his wife had six children, four sons and two daughters, namely: E. J., of Brandon, Vermont; Kachel, deceased; Joseph F., of Kansas; William 11., the subject of this article; Franklin, who died in Wisconsin; John A., who died in Kansas; Margarette Esty, Am boy, Lee county, Illinois. The lather died at the age of seventy years. He was by occupation a farmer, in politics a Whig, and in religion a Congregationalist His wife departed this life at Amboy, Illi- nois, at the age of sixty-five years. Mr. I iliss was reared on his father's farm in Vermont. In 1854 he left his native State and came West to Kendall county, Illinois, and later spent two years in South Elgin, Kane county, that Stat,'. After that he lived for two years in Dundee, Illinois, and from there moved to [da county, [owa, in 1875. Here be first purchased land in Blaine township. In 1886 be settled in Logan township, where he has since resides! and has improved a nice farm. At Lester, Vermont, when twenty-seven years of age, Mr. Bliss was lirst married to Permelia Baker, a native of Whiting, thai State, and a daughter of Thompson and Flsie (Munger) Baker, natives of New England. The issue from their union was two children: William, who died in Dundee, Illinois, and Elsie, who is now the wife of Jadson Smith, of Clarendon. Vermont. The wife and mother died in Kendall county, Illnois. Mr. Bliss married his present companion, nee Lovina McAlister, at Dundee. She is a native of Whiting, Vermont, and a daughter of Hiram McAlister. Her mother's mai'ien name was Brown. They have had four children, viz.: Mrs. Clara Smit ,, who died, leaving one daughter, Clara; George, of Kansas; Myron, of Logan township, Ida county. Iowa; and Mary, wife of Fred Winslow, also of Logan township. Mr. Bliss affiliates with the Republican party. He has served the public as a mem- ber of the School Board and also as Township Trustee. He was the first Deacon of the Bap- tist Church at Ida Grove, of which he is still an active member. lie is one of the most public-spirited and enterprising men of the township, and exerts an influence that i~ felt for good all over the community. ■^tlTJI- / /s^- E V. D. NIOOL L, a minister of the I Fuited Presbyterian Church and a p minent farmer in Battle township, [da county, Iowa, was born in Delaware county. New York, February '22, 1841. He is a son of Andrew and Margaret (< George) Nicoll, and was the eighth born in their family of ten children. His father was born in Scotland in IT'-'T. and was reared an 1 married there, and in 1839 emigrated to America and Located in Delaware county. New York, where the rest of his life was spent, eng iged in tanning pur- suits. His death occurred in L870. The mother survived him until 1890, when she 12T CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. B79 died in Clarence, Cedar county, Iowa. They were members of the United Presbyterian Church. All of their ten children are still living, and are as follows: Elizabeth, wife of John Beckwith, Delaware county, New York; William, married and settled in Delaware county, New York; James, married and set- tled on a farm in same county; Andrew, mar- ried, living on a farm in Cedar county, Iowa; Margaret, wife of John G. Russell, of Dela- ware county, New York; Ann, wife of Allen Elijah, Cedar county, Iowa; Christina, widow of John Imrie, Cedar county, Iowa; David, the subject of this article; Jane, wife of Wil- liam Imrie, Napa, California; Jeanette, wife of L. D. Boyd, of Corwin township, Ida county, Iowa. Mr. Nicoll was reared on a farm in his native county. In 1861 he entered Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania, and after finishing his sophomore year enlisted, August 29, 1862, at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in Knapp's Battery for a term of three years, or during the war. He was assigned to the Army of the Potomac and was in the battles of An- tietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Wa- hachie. October 28, 1863, he received a gun- shot wound in his right shoulder, after which he was in field hospital near Chattanooga and at Murfreesboro till January, 1864. January 2 he received a furlough, returned to New York, and remained there until April 1 of the same year. From that time until May he was in the hospital at Central Park, New York city, and from May till October he was bookkeeper in the same hospital. Then he was transferred to the Veteran Corps, New York city, and was in a provost marshal's office until May 19, 1865, when he was honor- ably discharged. In September, 1865, he re-entered college at Cannonsburg. Pennsylvania, and remained there till January, 1866. He then came West to Illinois, entered Monmouth College at Mon- mouth, and graduated at that institution in June, 1867. After that he began a theologi- cal course; spent the winter of 1867-'68 at Newburg, New York, and the following win- ter at Monmouth, Illinois, graduating with the class of 1869. While in New York, in June, 1868, he was licensed to preach in the United Presbyterian Church, and in Septem- ber, 1869, came to De Witte, Clinton county, Iowa, where he was ordained as pastor in November. He was pastor of the United Presbyterian Church at that place for a period of fifteen years. At the end of that time he came to Ida county, and in Battle township organized a church, at first holding services in a schoolhouse. In 1890 he assisted in erecting a nice frame church, 28x40 feet, with a seating capacity of 150, in which he has since preached regularly and conducted Sabbath-school work. Mr. Nicoll was married in Delaware county, New York, in 1870, January 6, to Miss Isa r bella F. Brown, a native of that place and a daughter of Thomas and Mary Ann (McNee) Brown, also natives of that county. Her parents are both deceased, her mother having died in 1859, and her father in 1869. Mr. and Mrs. Nicoll have three children living: William A., Thomas Edward and George David. They lost one child, Mary, who died at the age of ten months. Since 1884 Mr. Nicoll has devoted much time and attention to the improvement of his farm, having that year settled on 320 acres of wild land in Battle township. He has erected a nice story-and-a-half frame resi- dence, good barn and other farm buildings, and has an orchard of five acres. He is en- gaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Nicoll is thoroughly identified with 280 r.lunilM'lIICAL HISTORY OF tlio best interests of tliis county ami tlie town- ship in which he lives. His political views are in accord with Republican principles, lie represented the county in the Twenty- second General Assembly, performing his duties in a manner which reflected credit to himself and his constituents. lie has been Secretary of the School Board for a number of years and is now serving as Township Clerk by appointment. Mr. Nicoll is a mem- ber of Matthew Gray Post, No. 93, G. A. K., Ida Grove, and has a membership in the A. (). U. W. at l)e Witte. Iowa. His family is identified with the church of which he is pastor, and in connection with the establish- ment of this church it should be further stated that Mr. Nicoll donated the land on which their house of worship is built. IEORGE rOUSLING, of Oorwin town- ship, Ida county, Iowa, is one of the prominent citizens of the township, re- siding upon a fine farm of 400 acres on sec- tion 26, who Bettled here in 187U. Since his arrival in the State he has been identified # with the best interests of the community. lie was born in llarrisburg, Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, October 28, 1825, the son of ge "i ousling, Sr.,a native of Switzerland, who was horn and reared in his native country. The mother of our subject, Eliza beth Tousling, was also a native of Switzer- land, and she and her husband came to Am- erica, settling in Pennsylvania at an earh date, where they reared their family of five Bons and two daughters. The mother passed away when OUT subject was twelve vears of age, but the father survived her some years. In politics he was a Democrat, while in re- ligion a Lutheran. Our subject was reared and educated in Dauphin county, residing there until eight- een years of age, when he learned the trade of carpenter, which he followed for years in his native State, also was a contractor and build- er, engaging in these occupations for a period of twenty years. For two or three years he carried on an undertaking establishment, but disposed of it, dealing in real estate for many years in llarrisburg, Pennsylvania, but in 1879, came West, selecting Iowa as his place of location. His present farm is situated south of Ida Grove, where lie has redeemed his fine farm from its original wild state. II is residence is a good one, two stories in height, 20x30 feet, with an L the same height, 16 x 18 feet. The commodious barn is 38 x 50 feet, with twelve- foot posts and twenty-six foot center post on rock founda- tion. The crib building and wagon shed is 28 x 32 feet, while the implement building lias the dimensions of 30 x -10. The farm is well watered with fine wells and a good pond. The farm of 400 acres is divided into fields, well fenced, and a nice grove. The marriage of our subject occurred, when he was twenty-four years of age with Miss Eleanor Young, born in Harrisbnrg, daughter of John and Lydia Young. Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. JTousling, one of whom is living, namely: John, a carpenter and contractor of Harrisbnrg. The other son and daughter died in childhood. Mrs. Youslingdied in 1S52, and two years lateronr subject was again married to Mis.- Mary Me Fadden, born in Cumberland county, Penn- sylvania, a daughter of William and Barbara Mel-'adden, and by this union six children were born, namely: William, at home; James M. married, re-ides in the township; Joseph R, at home, engaged in carrying en the home farm, and is one of the well-known and pro- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 281 gressive farmers of Corwin township who takes an active interest in every measure cal- culated to be of benefit to the community; George II. at home; Ella, wife of Frank Ross, of this township; and Ed. The children have all received a good education and are a credit to their parents. Mr. Yousling is a Third .Party man in politics, although formerly a Republican, and has served officially as Super- visor and member of the School Board. Mr. Yousling is a member of the Church of God, in which he is a Trustee, and also takes deep interest in the Sunday-school. Socially Mr. Yousling is connected with the I. O. O. F., No. 708, and Fulton Council, No. 35, O. U. A. M., of Harrisburg. He served in the late rebellion nine months, belonging to Company K, One Hundred and Ninety-second Regi- ment. Although our subject has attained the age of sixty-seven, he is still very active and is well preserved. He has always been, and is still, a man who takes a deep and abiding interest in whatever promises to be of benefit to any of his fellow-citizens. This endearing quality, in addition to many others, make him one of the best beloved gentlemen in the county where he has lived for over twelve years and is now passing the evening of a well- spent life. „tJb= > IflLDER C. E. BUTTERAVORTH, of the Latter- Day Saints Church, is one of the intelligent and prominent early settlers of Crawford county, Iowa, and is entitled to some personal mention on the pages of this work. Elder Bntterworth was born in Port De- posit, Maryland, September 24, 18-46. His father, Robert L). Bntterworth, was born in Worcestershire, England, and when a young man came to the United States. In this country he married Harriot Elizabeth Dar- ling, who was born near Keene, New Hamp- shire, and when the subject of our sketcli was an infant his parents moved from Maryland to New Hampshire. Their next move was to Nelsonville, Ohio, and in 1850 they took up their abode in St. Louis, Missouri. A short time after they located in St. Louis, the mother and two of the children died of cholera. The father and our subject lived there until 1854, when they came to Crawford county, Iowa. This was before the county was organized. They located at Oak Grove, sometimes called Ed Howorth Grove, in Union township, a mile and a half southeast of Dow City, be- ing among the first to settle there. The father's second wife was lsabelle S. McKen- zie, and this second marriage resulted in the birth of four sons and three daughters. Mrs. Bntterworth died in 1878, and Mr. Bnt- terworth in 1881, aged sixty-three years. He was an engineer by trade and an expert me- chanic; politically, a Republican atone time, but during the later years of his life a Green- backer; in religion, a Latter-Day Saint, hold- ing the position of Local Elder in the Church. C. E. Butterworth was reared from a lad of eight years in this county. He attended the common schools some, but bis education was gained chiefly through home study. He worked in a mill several years when he was a boy. In 1864 he entered the service of his country as his father's substitute, becoming a member of Company B, Thirteenth Iowa In- fantry. He remained in the service nine months, being sick and in hospital the most of that time. Elder Butterworth located on his present farm in 1869. This property comprises 150 acres and is located in Paradise township. His comfortable story-and-a-half cottage 283 BIOGRAPHICAL BISTORT <>F home, 1-1 \ 24 feet, with an L, L2 x 14 feet, is situated on a natural building site, near by which is a grove and three acre orchard. Elder Butterworth lias heen twice married. In L866 he wedded Julia E. Rudd, a native of Shelby county, [owa, and a daughter of A. I'. Rudd of Dow City, an old settler. They had seven children, five of whom are living, viz.: Mary, [sabelle, Robert, Nellie and Willie. The other two died in infancy. Mrs. Butterworth departed this life in 1880. in L881 he married Ida May Rudd, his present companion, a sister of his first wife. She was born where Arion now is, and was reared and educated in this county. They have three children, Julian, Virgil and Elmer. As a church worker, Elder Butterworth is active and zealous. He has been preaching for the past seventeen years, and as a speaker i- clear and forcible and often eloquent. His political views are in harmony with Republi- can principles. He has been Township Clerk, Secretary and I 'resident of the School Board for a number of years. He is a mem- ber of the G. A. R., Bud Smith Post, No. If. I. Dow City. ILI.IAM SCOTT, a retired tanner of i Sac county, Iowa, is the subject of !F^i this sketch. He is now living at the town of Early, having come here in ls72, lo- catingonthe Hammond homestead in Douglas township, "ii the Bouthwesl quarter of section 30. This land had ten acres broken, but the house was a dug-out. Our subject broke the ground mi the place in summer, wintering in Delaware county. At the time of settlement there were not more than -i\ families here, and game was \ et abundant over the county, and for many year.- muskrat -kins brought more money into the count] than wheat did. Our subject came to this country from his native England, where he was born, in Cum- berland, February 17. ls22, a 6on of William and Esther (Scott) Scott, both parents having been born in that country, there engage. 1 in farming and died, the father in his -ixty-tirst year, and the mother survived until she had reached the age; of ninety. They had two children,. — our subject and his brother. Samuel, who resides in Australia. Our sub- ject was reared in hi- native land, educated in the district schools of England and was early taught the principle- of agriculture. Mr. Scott married in England, in 1844, Mi-- Jane Warwick, a native of Cumberland and a daughter of Thomas and .lane ( Ke- banks) Warwick, an old English family. They reared thirteen children and died many year- ago in England. In 1*52 our subject came to Delaware county, Iowa, and engaged as a farm laborer for a Mr. French, and then improved a large farm for a Mr. Sawyer. In September, 1862, he enlisted in the Sixth Iowa Cavalry anil served in Company I for a period of fourteen months in Dakota in the Indian warfare. He was discharged in May, 1863, and returned to Delaware county, Iowa, and in LS~0 came to the homestead in Sac county, finally, in 1875, he brought his family here and Bottled on a farm of 160 acre-, which he improved and put under cul- tivation, adding to it until at one time he owned as much as 240 acres. The home resi- dence i- a very comfortable one and one-half story structure, 1S.\24. with an L. and the outbuildings are excellent, the .-table being lb' x 24, the granary 12 \ 24. with crib-, feed -bed- and all the appurtenances of a tir-t- class farm. He also ha- a butternut grove and orchard of ten acre-, and all hi- land is well fenced. While in active life he BUCC68S CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 283 fully engaged in farming and stock-raising. He recalls his early experiences in farming and marketing, and tells of the times when he hauled 3,000 bushels of corn to Storm Lake, selling ear corn for 12A to 13^ cents, and shelled corn for 15 cents. When he raised hogs he preferred the Poland-China breed, at one time doing a large business in raising them. Our subject has taken an active interest in politics, affiliating with the Democratic party. He has served as Justice of the Peace for many years and as Assessor of the township for six years. He aided in the organization of Delaware township and voted on the nam- ing of the township when that matter came up for consideration. He lost his excel- lent wife, March 15, 1891, in Early, at the age of seventy-one. To their union had been born three children: John, who died at the age of two and one-half years in England; Thomas married Mary Welsche, a native of Delaware county, Iowa, and resides in this town, having one child, William W.; and the only daughter, Grace Ellis, died in Delaware county at the age of nineteen years. Our subject married a second time, in Chi- cago, November 2, 1891, Caroline de Radio, a native of Italy. She came to this country in 1880 to visit her brother, Captain Charles de Rudio. After spending two years with him she went to Chicago and spent ten years as teacher of modern languages — three years in the School of Lyric and Dramatic Art, afterward in a young ladies^ seminary on Prairie avenue, and gave private instructions to many of the prominent ladies of that city. She also taught in the Sisters of St. Clara's Academy, at Sinsinawa Mound, East Du- buque, Iowa, and one year in the Simal Nor- mal School in Dubuque county, Iowa. Her brother, Charles, was a captain in Company H, Seventh United States Cavalry, and was an officer under General Custer at the time of the massacre, he and his sergeant being the only commissioned officers saved. He came to this country with recommendations, having been educated at Milan, Italy, and was ap- pointed Lieutenant and served through the war, and at its close General Grant gave him employment in the War Department and commissioned him Lieutenant in the Seventh United States Army Corps, and he is now a captain stationed at Fort Sill in In- dian Territory. He married Miss Eliza Booth, of England, December 9, 1855, and they have a family of four chil- dren, three daughters and one son, their names being: Hercules, who resides in California; Rama, the wife of Howard Scott, of New Orleans; Italia,the wife of Lieutenant Samuel Adair, of the Fifth United States Cavalry of Fort Reno, and America, single. Mrs. Scott was born in Venice, the Queen of the Adriatic, a daughter of Isabelle (de Domiin) de Rudio, natives of Italy and members of a prominent, historical and patri- cian Italian family. Our subject was one of the early pioneers of Delaware township, and at that time Storm Lake was the nearest market. During his residence in the State Mr. Scott has seen almost the entire develop- ment of Iowa. In 1856 he took a trip to Nebraska, by way of Sioux City, and found all of the land wild and new. IDNEY SHERWOOD, one of the early settlers of Crawford county, was born in Delaware county, Ohio, in August, 1827, a son of Lewis Sherwood, a soldier in the war of 1812. He was a son of John Sherwood, who was born of New England i lUOOHAl'UICAI. UIHTOBI OF ancestry. The mother of our subject was Locke; Adams, ;t aative of New England. In 185ii the family settled in Clinton county, Iowa, ten miies south of Maquoketa, Jackson county. The mother died at the age cf six- ty live years, and the father at the age of ninety-one years. He was one of the last of those brave men who fought for their conn- try in 1812, was a farmer all his life, a Re- publican in his political views, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They had seven children, six sons and a daughter, and two of the sons, La Fayette and our sub- ject, were soldiers. La Fayette was a member of the Thirty-first Iowa Infantry, was a brave and gallant soldier, and now resides at Coun- cil 131 uft's, Iowa. Sidney Sherwood worked at the wagon- maker's trade from the time he was fourteen years old until his twenty-eighth year. In 1 S • i 4 he enlisted in the Tenth Iowa Infantry, and was in the campaign of Sherman's fa- mous march to the sea and through the Caro- linas. lie lost his health in the service and has never since been able to perforin manual labor. He remained in Clinton county, Iowa, until 1873, when he settled on the farm he now owns, in Crawfofd county. The place contains 160 acres, is improved in a good manner, has a good dwelling, 20x22 feet, and a barn, 18 x 30 feet. Mr. Sherwood was married in Clinton county, in November, L856, to Elizabeth Davis, a native of Vermont, and a daughter oi Thomas T. Davis, a native of Canada, and of Irish descent. The mother, nee Lydia Haines, was born in Vermont, of English de- scent. The father died while on a visit in Clinton county, Iowa, aged tifty-two years, and the mother died in the ,-ame place, aged seventy-three years. The former was a farm- er all hir- life, and was a member of the Con- gregational ( 'hurcli, in which he served as Deacon. They were the parents of sewn children, five sons and two daughters, six of whom are now living. Sidney Sherwood and wife have had four children: hockey, Rox- ana, Milton and Logan. Milton was married January 23, lS'.l'J, to.Iulia lliggins, of Boone, Iowa, a successful and populer teacher before marriage. She was a daughter of David and Ellen (Scanlan) lliggins. Mr. Sherwood af- filiates with the Republican party. ,2110 A. SLEEREK, a farmer of section 27, Crawford county, was born in Cal- edonia county, Vermont, in 1838, a son of Lauren M. and Hannah (Collis) Sleeper, natives of New Hampshire, but both were reared in Vermont. The father, a farmer by occupation, made Caledonia county his home until coining to Crawford county, Iowa, in 1870. His death occurred in Paradise town- ship, this county, in 1882, and his widow now resides in Michigan. Mr. and Mrs. Sleeper have six children now living: Alvah, who came to Crawford county in 1879, where he engaged in farm labor, but two years aft- erward returned to New Hampshire; Azro, our subject; Russell T., a resident of Mich- igan; Norwood, the next in order of birth; Ellen, widow of George McWhirter, and a resident of Massachusetts; Alma, who re- sided with her mother at Daw City until the spring of 1892, and then moved to Michigan; and Lauren, Jr., residing in Cedar Rapids, [owa. Azro A. Sleeper was reared in his native county, hie grandparents on both sides hav- ing been early pioneers of that locality. In L868 lie removed to Union township, White- side county, Illinois, in 1872, located in Clin- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 285 ton county, Iowa, and in 1875 bought 160 acres of prairie land in Crawford county. He now has this place under a good state of cul- tivation, has an orchard and grove of two acres, a tine residence, and a substantial barn, 60 x 32 feet. Mr Sleeper raises considerable stock, making a specialty of Shorthorn and Herefords, and also has Clyde and Norman horses. He has an English draft and French horse. Politically he takes an active inter- est in the Republican party, and is also a great worker in educational matters, having assisted in organizing many district schools. Mr. Sleeper was married in Caledonia county, Vermont, in 1863, to Miss Ellen Goodell, a native of that county, and a daugh- ter of Nathan Goodell, also a native of Ver- mont, and a member of a pioneer family of that State. Our subject and wife have one child, Guy Albert, assisting on the home farm. Mr. Sleeper has witnessed the entire growth of Hanover township, and has always taken an active interest in everything for the good of his county. •HOMAS RAE, whose comfortable and attractive home is located on section W 3, Union township, Crawford county, Iowa, his post office being Dow City, is one of the enterprising and popular early settlers of this county, having located here in 1867. Like many of the prosperous men of Iowa, Mr. Rae is a native of Scotland. He was born in the county of Fife, September 30, 1841, son of Thomas Rae, Sr., and Janet (Buck) Rae his wife, both of whom were natives of Scotland, passed their lives and died there. They were worthy and consistent members of the Presbyterian Church, and led exemplary lives, being honored and respected by all who knew them. The father was in comfortable circumstances, and to each of his four chil- dren — four sons and four daughters — gave a good education. After leaving school, Thomas learned the trade of hand-loom weaving, and was very proficient thereat, so much so that he was graduated into the manufacturing of linen goods, learning and mastering the art of adapting the various kinds of yarns into the different quality and width of goods, etc. At the age of twenty-two Mr. Rae came to the United States and settled in Maine, re- siding in Saco, county of York, working at his trade in the cotton factory of Biddeford for four years. In 1867 he came West and settled on sixty acres of land, his homestead right. His early life has been characterized by intelligent industry, honesty and frugality, and with these elements in his make-up, he went to work to establish a home in Iowa, and his success was at once assured. As prosperity attended his efforts, he purchased other lands, and now has a fine farm of 285 acres, one of the best improved in the neigh- borhood. His cottage home is commodious, well furnished and beautifully situated. Its broad verandas and attractive lawn, across which evergreens and forest trees cast their inviting shade, form a pleasing feature of this home, the general surroundings of which stamp its indwellers as people of taste and refinement. A fine grove and orchard, good barns, sheds, granaries, cribs, fences, geared windmill, with pulleys and shaftings for shelling and grinding purposes, etc., etc., all go to make it one of the most desirable places in the vicinity. He gives his attention to general farming and stock-raising, keeping a high grade Of horses, cattle and hogs. In 1865 Mr. Rae married Miss Jeannie Allan, a lady of culture and refinement and rare domestic graces, who was born in Scot- 286 BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0RY OF land, daughter of William and Mary Allan, both natives of that country. Mr. and Mrs. Rae bave six children, viz.: Alary I!., Tliouias A.. William, Nettie, Allan and James. The oldesl daughter, Mary I!., is the wife of F. C. Pierre and lives in this county, and the oilier children are at home. Mr. Rae affiliates with the Republican party. lie baa served as Trustee of his town ship, and Treasurer of Dow City Independent District, proving himself an efficient officer. He and his wife and the older children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is also a member the A. I', & A. M., Sylvan Lodge, No. 507, Denison, Iowa. A man in the prime of life, frank and cor- dial with all, ever interested in the advance- ment of education and religion, Mr. Rae is one of the most popular and highly respected citizens of this county. |OBERT BALLANTYN E, of section 20, Willow township, Crawford county, Iowa, a resident of the township for eighteen years, is wjdely known and has many friends. He was born in Roxbtiryshire, Scotland, October 12, 1828, the, son of John ami Jeanuette (Turnbull) Balkintyne, both of Scotland Robert was a lad of twelve, when by the preaching of an eminent Mormon evangelist, his parents became converts to his faith and came to the United States, settling in Nanvoo, Han- cock county, Illinois. Some time later they went to La Crosse, Wisconsin, and there spent the winter. That city was then but a small trading-post. From that point they went as colonics to the wilds of Texas, settling near Fredericksburg, in the western pari of the State. The father died out there at the age of seventy, and the mother died at the age of eighty- four, in Han- dera county, Texas. < >ur subject has brothers, Andrew and James, living in Monona county, Iowa. Robert was reared on the frontier of Texas, and was Captain of a company daring the civil war, a command of minute men, whose duty was to protect the frontier of Texas against foes or Indians, and in that service he had many thrilling experiences and hairbreadth escapes. At the close of the war ho was em ployed by the Government as a scout and guide on the southwest frontier and in the vicinity of Fort Verde, Texas, when he again added to bis experience and encountered many dangers. Being so familiar with the country he was of great service to the United States Troops, who were under command of General Hatch, mainly, but for a short time under Major Bowman. He left Texas in 1874 and came to Crawford county, Iowa, settled in Union township, remaining for nine years, and then went upon the farm of eighty acres, where he now lives. Our subject is nicely fixed in his pleasant home. The property is well improved, the residence being a house one and one-half stor- ies high, 16x24 feet in dimension, sur- rounded by yard and lawn, with orchard and grove and having plenty of pure water near by. There i> a fair supply of fruit-bearing trees — apple, cherry, etc., beside.-. >mall frnits. In the year 1860 Mr. Ballantyne was mar- ried to Marinda Minear, a native of Van Buren comity, Iowa, who was taken when but a babe by her parents to Texas, where she was reared and educated. She was a daughter of William and Lydia (Hynier) Minear: her mother was a native of Kentucky, her father of Virginia. Her father was murdered by des- peradoes in Wren, Texas, and the mother is CRAWFORD, IDA AND 8 AG COUNTIES. 28: living, at the age of seventy-five, in Bandera county, Texas. To onr subject and wife have been born seven children, namely: John, liv- ing in Texas, working for eighteen months in the Powell Honse, previously in the mines of New and Old Mexico; Robert, at work with his brother, John; Joseph, at home fanning; David; Rachel, at home; Lydia, oldest child, wife of Frank Manchester, living at Dunlap; and Moroni, who died at the age of twenty- two months. Our subject votes with the Democrats; in religion he and his wife are members of the reorganized church of the Latter-Day Saints. Mr. Ballantyne is possessed of many admira- ble traits of character, is kind, hospitable, charitable, sociable and honorable in all his dealings. MSA AC PATTERSON, Westside, Craw- || ford county, Iowa, is well known as one ^F of the early settlers of the eastern part of the county and is prominently identified with its stock interests. Isaac Patterson was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, September 5, 1837. Thomas M. Patterson, his father, was a man of excel- lent character and was descended from a long line of American pioneers and soldiers. He himself participated in the war of 1812, and his father was a soldier in the Revolutionary struggle. The mother of our subject was, before her marriage, Miss Margaret Large, and she, too, was descended from a family of pioneers and soldiers. In 1851, when Isaac was in his teens, his parents moved to Davenport, Scott county, Iowa, and here on a frontier farm he grew to manhood. He was early taught honesty, industry and perseverance, and with these elements in his make-up he has worked his way on to success. He attended school in the primitive log schoolhouses, but the greater part of his education has been obtained in the school of experience. When the war came on young Patterson was one of the first to enlist in the service of his country. In August, 1862, he became a member of Company D, Twentieth Iowa In- fantry Volunteers, and served three years. He was in the battle of Prairie Grove, Ar- kansas, in the siege of Vicksburg, and among those detailed to guard Corpus Christi Pass, while a portion of the division went up Red river. Mr. Patterson was honorably dis- charged at Mobile, Alabama, and was paid off and mustered out at Clinton, Iowa. The war over Mr. Patterson returned to Scott county and again engaged in farming. He lived there until the spring of 1868, when he bought the property where he now lives, then wild land. His first purchase was 320 acres, and as the years rolled by he has prospered and invested his surplus in adjoin- ing land, being now the owner of 920 acres of as fine soil as there is in the State of Iowa. His residence is a modern two-story frame honse, beautifully located on a natural build- ing site and surrounded with lawn, groves and orchard. His large barn is 50x96 x 24 feet. He has two granaries, one 40 x 40 x 10 feet, and the other 24 x 32 x 12 feet. He also has two cattle sheds, one 32 x 120 feet, and the other, 32x96 feet. He keeps on an average of 500 cattle and 400 hogs. Mr. Patterson was married at Davenport, Iowa, in 1869, to Miss Sarah Shetler, a native of Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of Jacob and Elisa Shetler. They had two children, a daughter and a son, Jo- sephine and S. L. The former died at the age of seven years. The latter is now in his nine- ■J-* BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0RX OF teenth year. Mrs. Patterson departed tliis lite in August, 1876. Her amiable qualities had won for her many warm friends, wlio, with her little family, sincerely mourned her death. Mr. Patterson's mother is living with him, and is now eighty-nine years of age, the father having passed away in Scott county, Iowa, in 1865. Mr. Patterson is a strong and radical Re- publican. He has never had time for office, his extensive farming and stock interests claiming his entire attention. He is a mem- ber of the G. A. R. A man of broad and progressive views, liberal in supporting all worthy public enterprises, always frank and cordial in his intercourse with his fellow-men he is popular with all who know him. K»ATT1IEW KIIS'G, a well-to-do and highly respected fanner of Milford township, Crawford county, Iowa, was born in Morgan county, Illinois, July 17, 1835. His father. William King, a native of Yorkshire, England, came to America when a young man, settling near Jacksonville, Illi- nois, in 1823, among the pioneers of that place. In 1825 he was united in marriage t.. Mary Ann Cadwell, daughter of Dr. George and Pamelia (Lyon) Cadwell. Her father was the first physician in that county, and also a county judge. He was elected to the first Senate of Illinois, in 1818. He died August 1, 1820. Mrs. King's maternal grandfather. Colonel Matthew Lyon, was a native of Dub- lin, Ireland. He became a prominent man in New England, was an officer in the Revo- lutionary war, and lived for a time in Ver- gennes, Vermont. In 17'.ift he moved to Eddyville, Kentucky, lie was twice elected to Congress, from Vermont, three times from Kentucky, and once from Arkansas, being the only man ever elected to Congress from three States. William King and his wife hail four sons and one daughter. George Cadwell King, their oldest, was born September 30, 1829, in Morgan county, was there reared and edu- cated, and married to Emma Gardner. In 1853 he moved to Clayton county, Iowa, and in 185G to this county, settling on a farm now owned by the subject of our sketch. He died in 185U, leaving a widow and three chil- dren: .Inlia, Frank G. and Clara. Clara died in lss5. Mrs. King is now the wife of A. F. Bond, of Denison, this county. Richard, second son of William King, died in Powe- shiek county, Iowa; Matthew, the subject of this article; James 13., a resident of Montana; and Mary E., of Jacksonville, Illinois. The mother of this family died in January, 1842. The father passed away in July, 184ti. A successful stockman, an abolitionist, a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal Church — he was well known on the frontier and was highly respected for his many estimable qual- ities. Matthew King received his education iu Jacksonville, Illinois. In 1853 he came to Iowa and located in Clayton county. In 1869, however, he returned to Illinois and took up his abode in Morgan county, near Jacksonville. He sold out there in 1881, came back to Iowa and bought his present farm, 280 acres of rich land, in section 11, Milford township. From his home, a two- story residence, which is situated on an ele- vation and surrounded with evergreens and flowers, a magnificent view of the adjacent country is obtained. His barn, granaries, fences, etc., are all well-kept. His beautiful grove, orchard anil vineyard are attraction- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 289 not to be omitted, and the general appear- ance of the premises indicates thrift and prosperity. The farm is mostly in blue grass, clover and timothy. For a number of years Mr. King has been interested in raising short- horn cattle, and now has a fine herd of that breed. When he was twenty-three years of age the subject of our sketch married Miss Mar- garet King, a distant relative of his, who was born in Greene county, Illinois. Their son, Arthur, is now a successful farmer of this county and township. In 1865, after the death of his wife, Mr. King wedded her sis- ter, Miss Orpha Joy. They have two daugh- ters, namely: Margaret, who was educated at Jacksonville, Illinois, and at the State Nor- mal School in Cedar Falls, Iowa, is now a successful and popular teacher in this county; and Agnes. Both daughters are skillful mu- sicians. Mr. King lost one daughter, Grace, wife of Jesse Baptist, who died at the age of thirty years, leaving five children. A man of education and much general in- formation, of easy conversation and pleasant address, Mr. King is popular with all who know him. He is a Republican in politics, having cast his first vote for Fremont. ^PE fEORGE H. BUSH came to his present ■ farm near Lake View, in Viola town- ^E*> ship, Sac county, Iowa, 1882, and has since been identified with the agricultural interests of this place. Mr. Bush dates his birth in Wayne county, Pennsylvania, March 24, 1830. His father, Thomas A. Bush, was born in T'°g a county, same State, a descendant of early settlers of Pennsylvania. His mother, who before her marriage was Mis.s Catharine Dunn, was born in Onondaga county, New York, near Syra- cuse, daughter of C. Dunn. Thomas and Catharine Bush had live children: Martha, Hannah, George H., Tyler and Thomas. The parents both died in Onondaga county, New York, where for many years the father was engaged in farming. He was in politics a Jackson Democrat, but supported J. C. Fre- mont. In religion he was a Baptist. George H. was reared on his father's farm. In 1851 he went to Chautauqua county, New York, from there to Erie county, and thence west to Illinois. In 1861 he enlisted in the Seventy-second Illinois Infantry and at once went to the front. He was in the siege of Vicksburg, and soon afterward re- turned home on account of disability. Later he re-enlisted and was in the campaign on the Potomac, participating in the battles of Wilderness, Petersburg, Hampton Roads, and continuing in the service until the surrender of Lee. At the close of the war he went to New York and soon afterward came West to Illinois, first settling in Grundy county and then in Livingston county. In 1882, as above stated, he came to Sac county, Iowa, and took up his abode on his present prop- erty. This farm he has brought up to its present state of development. It is well fenced, has a barn, 16x26 feet, and a story and a half residence, 16 x 24 feet, with an L, 12 x 16 feet. Mr. Bush was married, at the age of twenty-four, to Miss Priscilla Gould, and they had two children: Virgil, a teacher in Sac county, and Orville, deceased. He was again married in 1874, to his present wife, Mrs. Catharina Jones, nee Buck, who is a native of Canada. Mr. Bush affiliates with the Republican party, and is a member of William T. Sher- man Post, No. 284, G. A. R., Sac City. He 300 BIOQRAPEIOAL EI8T0ST OF and his wife belong to the Baptist Church. Mr. Busb possesses the characteristics of the old Boldiers, is frank and cordial to all with whom lie comes in contact, and takes an ac- tive interest in the general welfare of the community in which lie lives. (EORGE W. NICHOLSON, of the firm of Nicholson Bros., produce merchants, Denison, Iowa, is one of the most pros- perous and enterprising business men of this place. The Messrs. Nicholson handle butter, eggs and poultry, their shipments from Deni- son alone amounting to $150,000 per annum. They have also established a branch house in this State and one at Tekamah, Nebraska, and with these increased facilities are doino- a much larger business. George "W. Nicholson was born in Belmont county, Ohio, in 1853, son of John L and Elanor (Young) Nicholson. He was reared on the farm. When he was fifteen years old his parents moved to Mahaska county, Iowa, and soon afterward be began to support him- self. He worked on a, farm for a short cime. was employed threo years at railroading, and when he was twenty he turned his attention to the produce business. In 1874 he engaged with a firm in Monroe, Iowa, and the follow- ing spring opened up business for a firm in Perry, Iowa, at which place ho was located until 1880. That year he came to Crawford countv, where he has since been eno-awed in P r- his present business. The first year his ship- ments amounted to $40,000. and by his well- directed efforts the business has continued to increase until it has reached its present magnificent proportions. Mr. Nicholson was married August '2i, 1881. td Mias Frances Long, who was reared in this State. They have one child, Grace. lie is a stanch Republican, a member of the Board of Education, and socially is a Knight of Pythias. B. Y. Nicholson, junior member of the firm of Nicholson Bros., was born in L864, and grew up in the town of New Sharon, Mahaska county, Iowa. In 1882 he was em- ployed by his brother, George W., with whom he has since remained. He has been a part- ner in the business since 1888, and, like his brother, is a young man of push and enter- prise. He married Miss Lydia Weston and has two children: Clare and an infant daugh- ter. I). McMAHON, manager at Charter Oak for the firm of Shaw & Kuehnle, * engaged in the law, real estate, loan and insurance business, is a young man of ability and push. Mr. McMahon was born in the town of Kilrush, county Clare, Ireland, in 1861, son of Denis and Kate (Odea) McMahon, both of whom died on the Emerald Isle before he came to America. He was educated at West College in Cork, graduating in 1877. He then began teaching Government school in the county of Roscommon, being thus em- ployed from January, 1 S TS, to duly, 1885. At the expiration of that time he came to America and direct to Ida drove, Iowa, where he spent some three months. Then he accepted his present position with the firm of Shaw & Kuehnle, operating in the Deni- son office until October, 1SSS, when he came to Charter Oak and opened this office, Ho has since been Identified with this town and has done all in his power to advance it- best interests. He was appointed Mayor to fill a CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 281 vacancy, and at the expiration of the term was elected to that office, being elected on the Republican ticket, while the town of Charter Oak is Democratic. He is also a Justice of the Peace, having been elected without opposition, receiving the indorsement of both parties. fcLIVER PERRY DUNKIN, one of the leading citizens and pioneer farmers of Clinton township, Sac county, Iowa, was oorn January 21, 1826. His father, Joshua Dunkin, was a native of Virginia and a soldier in the war of 1812. His grandfather, John Dunkin, was a descend- ant of Scotch ancestry. The maiden name of our subject's mother was Sarah Richardson. She was born in Ohio, a descendant of Ger- man ancestry, and was first married to a Mr. Riley, by whom she had four children. She married Mr. Dunkin in Brown county, Ohio, and her death occurred in Fulton county, Illi- nois, at the awe of sixty. After her death the father came to Clinton county, Iowa, where he died at the age of seventy. He voted for Fremont in 1856, but was a Demo- crat all his life. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and for many years was a Class Leader. Oliver P. was a lad of fourteen or fifteen years when the family moved to Fulton county, Illinois, and on his father's farm in that county he was reared. He then moved to Jackson comity, Iowa, and some years later went to Clinton county and settled near El- wood. From Clinton county, in 1875, he came to Sac county, bought 320 acres of land, and on it has since resided. He has his farm well improved with good buildings and a nice orchard and prove. Mr. Dunkin was married in Clinton county, Iowa, November 12, 1854, to Mary Jane Clark, a native of New Jersey. Her father, Barnabas Clark, was born at Ashrield, Massa- chusetts, in 1799, was a wagon-maker by trade, and was a resident of Conway, Massa- chusetts. The family trace their settlement in New England back to 1623. Mrs. Dun- kin's mother was before her marriage Miss Submit Hitchcock, who was born in Massa- chusetts, January 2, 1801, daughter of Heman Hitchcock. At an early day Mr. and Mrs. Clark settled in Delaware county, Ohio, and from there came to Clinton county, Iowa, in 1853. They reared a family of five chil- dren, two sons and three daughters. One of their sons, Fred, served in the war in an Iowa regiment, and is now a resident of Clin- ton county, this State. The mother died May 6, 1878, and the father passed away in September, 1890. He was a member of the Christian Church and his wife was a Congre- gationalist. Mr. and Mrs. Dunkin have five children, viz. : Frederick, a resident of Wall Lake township, Sac county, Frank L., on the home farm; Sarah Submit, wife of J. B. Southwell, of Hayes county, Nebraska; and William and George, at home. Mr. Dunkin is a Republican in politics, and he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ~t*iN€» D. FOX is ranked with the earliest »B\VBK pioneers of Clinton township, Sac ^3l?^ a) county, Iowa, and to him belongs the distinction of having named the township. It is therefore appropriate that some personal mention be made of him in this work. M. D. Fox was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, May 7, 1842. The Foxes trace their :■>: BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF ancestry back to George Fox, a Quaker, who came Erom England to America during Colonial times and Bettled in Pennsylvania. Samuel Fox, the father of M. I)., was born in New Hampshire in 1794, and was a sol- dier in the war of 1812. He married Doro- thea 1 lullock, also a native of New Hamp- shire, and a descendant of English ancestry. Her father was a soldier in the war of 1812 and was killed in that struggle. They had fourteen children, five sons and nine daugh- ters. The mother died in Lee county, Illi- nois, aged forty- four, and the father departed this life in 1875. He was a farmer, a Demo- crat, and a Methodist. When the subject of our sketch was a lad the family moved to Michigan, and after liv- ing there five or six years took up their ahode in Lee county, Illinois. He was reared on a farm and received his education in the com- mon schools and the Lee Center Seminary. In 1863 he enlisted in the Eleventh Iowa In- fantry, and served until 1865. He was in the battles of Atlanta and Jbnesborough, and at the latter place received a flesh wound. \\\> In-other, William II., now a resident of Sawyer, Michigan, was a soldier in the Twelfth Illinois Infantry. Alter the war the suhject of our sketch settled in Clinton county, Iowa, near Lyons. Still later he moved to a place near De Witt in Clinton county, and in 1874 came from there to Sac county. Upon his arrival here, he purchased 160 acres of wild land in Clin- ton township, which he has improved an. I to which he has added forty acres more, lie has it well fenced, under a good state of cultiva- tion and substantial buildings upon it. The residence, a Btory and a half frame, is 16x24 feet, with an L, 16x24 feet, and an addition, 12x1-1 feet. The grove and orchard com- prise ten acres. In May, 1867, Mr. fox was married, in Clinton county, Iowa, to Lydia F. Bennett, who was horn in Fayette county, Pennsyl- vania, daughter of William II. and Mary Ann (Wood ) llemiett. She was reared and edu- cated at her native place and was a success- ful teacher previous to her marriage. Her father died in Davenport, Iowa, at the age of sixty-two years, and her mother passed away in Colorado at the age of seventy-one. They had six children, one son and tivo daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Fox have six chil- dren, as follows: Flora A.. Chauneey I'... Jessie M., Fanny L., Ilarry B. and Howard M. Politically Mr. Fox affiliates with the Re- publican party. He has most acceptably filled several of the township offices. He served as Justice of the Peace fifteen years, was Trustee several years, and also served on the School Board. He is a member of Colo- nel Goodrich Post, No. 117. G. A. R., Ode- bolt, and is at present Vice-President of the Sac County Soldiers' Relief Commission. Mrs. Fox is President of the Woman's Re- lief Corps. Both he and his wife are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and she is a teacher in the Sabbath -school. Such is a brief sketch of one of the hon- ored pioneers of Sac county. fACOP> P. PILL, resides on a farm of 24U acres, located in section 21, Wash- ington township, Crawford county. Iowa, his post office address being Puck Grove. He has been identified with the farming interests of this county since 1876, and is one of the well-known ami highly respected citizens of his township. Of his life and ancestry we make the following record : -<^zyy^ CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 293 Jacob B. Bill was born in Switzerland Sep- tember 19, 1842, son of Jacob and Anna (Ruetlishberger) Bill, both natives of that Republic. When he was eleven years old his parents sailed from Havre, France, to New Orleans, landing at the latter port after a voyage of thirty-nine days. They then went by river to New Albany, Indiana, and thence by rail to La Porte, that State. They made La Porte their home until 1863, when they moved to Palatine, Cook county, Illinois. The father was a farmer by occupation. He died in Illinois in 1876, aged sixty-nine years. The mother was born in 1809 and is still living, now being a resident of Mil- waukee, Wisconsin. They had a family of seven children, two sons and five daughters. At the age of twenty-one Jacob B. enlisted in the service of his adopted country, becom- ing a member of the First Illinois Light Artillery, Battery L, of Mulligan's Irish brigade. He was in the battle of Cumber- land, Maryland, in August, 1864. For some time his battery guarded the Baltimore & Ohio railroad from Clarksburg to Harper's Ferry and Winchester. Young Bill re- mained in the service until June 28, 1865, when he was honorably discharged and re- turned to Chicago. Upon his return to Chicago, Mr. Bill was variously employed; worked for a hardware firm in that city; was with the Union Litho- graph Company for some time; next worked on a farm at Oak Park; returned to Chicago and was employed in a lumber yard; was afterward employed in the box factory of Thomas Goodwillie; and then, on his own account, was engaged in teaming and freight- ing. In 1876 Mr. Bill came to Crawford county, Iowa. For two years he lived in Goodrich township. Then he located on a farm near Buck Grove, and eight years later 24 bought 160 acres of his present farm, near the eighty acres he first bought and which he sold at that time. To it he has added by more recent purchase until he is now the owner of 240 acres. This property is im- proved with good buildings, fences, etc. In 1872 Mr. Bill married Matilda Hilmes, who was born in Hessen, Germany, and reared in her native country. She came to the United States at the age of twenty-eight years. They have four eons and two daugh- ters, namely: Frank N, Adolph, Jacob, John, Kate and Mary. Mr. Bill is a Republican, and a member of the G. A. R., Budd Smith Post, No. 464, Dow City. He has served as a member of the School Board for six years, and President one year; has also acted as Supervisor for six years, which office he still holds. While in Chicago he was a member of several societies, the I. O. O. F., Red Men and others. He is a Methodist, and a Trustee of his Church. [SAAC GILLMQR, one of the early set- tlers of Denison township, Crawford ^ county, Iowa, located in this county in 1869, and the following spring he located a tract of 180 acres of improved land in Wash- ington township. He made his home in this township for two years, making improve- ments, and then traded this property for a farm in Denison township, where he is now residintrcm section 29, on 480 acres in Den- ison township. This was but partially improved, having some broken land and a residence. He has added until he now has 766 acres, all in one body, and it is one of the finest farms in the county. He has always made a spe- cialty of stock-raising, feeding and shipping 291 BIOnilAPIIWAI. H18T0BY OF his own stock, and has been one of the larg- c.-i growers in the county. He has made ca1 tie his leading line. Ilr is one of the lead- ing ami representative agriculturists of the county. Our Bubject was horn in county Sligo, Ireland, February 1-4, 1835, and was the son of Stewart and Rebecca (Hart) G-illmor. In 1847 the family came to America, locating in Davenport, Iowa, where the father entered a tract of eighty acres, at $1.25 per acre, and also pre-empted eighty acres. Here he re- mained until 1 8 r> < > , when he removed to Illi- nois, where he died. The mother died in 1867, leaving a family of eight children, our subject being the only one in this part of the State. The latter began farming for himself in 1858, by entering a tract of 160 acres in Scott county. Here he began for himself, and oidy ceased his fanning to enter the army when the call came for troops to suppress the rebellion. He enlisted August 1, 1861, in Company C, Second Iowa Cavalry, and was mu-tered out of the army as First Lieutenant, at Selma, Alabama. fie was wounded at the battle of Tupelo in the head by a minie ball. He now has the murderous little bullet in his possession. The wound was almost in the center of the crown of his head. His war record is a fine one. He was at the battles of 6iegc of Corinth, Franklin, Columbia, and the was in all the battles of his regiment and in all of the skirmishes around Nashville, Ten- nessee. After the cruel war was over he re- turned to Scott county, Iowa, and remained there until 1869, when he came to Crawford county and was one of the first settlers here in Washington township. lie is a live ener- getic man, desiring the good of the county in everyway. He has field the office of Town ship Trustee for the past fifteen years. He has al-o been one of the directors of (he Crawford County Fair Association, and also belongs to a number of soldier associations. <>ur subject was married November 30, 1865, to Miss Hannah M. Connor, who was born in 1S44 and came to the States in 1846. She was reared in Scott county, Iowa. They have a tine family of six children: Margaret, Grace, Nellie, Olive, Ira, and Edith. Nellie was married November 34 (Thank-giving Day) 1892, to Mr. F. Gondie, of Dennison, Iowa, where they are located; Margaret has been engaged in school teaching for several years. Grace is also a teacher, having been teaching for three years in the Denison school. Our subject is a strong believer in education and has given his children the best of school facilities. Ho is a member of John A. Logan Post, No. 58, and is a Past Commander, lie and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Denison. He is a self- made man, as he began with little and has worked his way up. He has fully demon strated that farming in Iowa can be made a financial success. foHN E. MeN ALLY, a farmer of section 10, Crawford county, Iowa, was hum in Sharon township, Clinton county, tows, April 20, 1857, a BOO of Philip and Mar\ (Nichols) McNally, natives respectively of Ireland and Scotland. The mother came with her parents to Canada when >i\ years of age. The father left his native country at the age of twenty-five years, landing at New York City, then went to Canada, where he met and married his future wit'.' in 1852. They moved to Clinton county. Iowa, in ISt'.S, to .Lines county, same State, and in L876 to Harrison County, where both parents now reside near CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 295 Dunlap. Mr. and Mrs. McNally were the parents of eight children, viz.: Mary L., de- ceased in Harrison county in 1891, was a teacher in the schools of Harrison and Shelby counties; John E., our subject; James, who was also connected with the schools of Harri- son and Shelby counties, studied law under Charles McKenzie, and is now, 1892, editor of the Edgar Post, at Edgar, Nebraska; P. T., formerly a teacher in Harrison, Crawford and Monona counties, and now, 1892, prin- cipal of the Graceville schools, at Graceville, Big Stone county, Minnesota; Lucie E., a teacher in the Edgar schools at Edgar, Ne- ts o ' braska; Francis Louis, deceased in Harrison county, Iowa, in 1880, at the age of twelve years; Peter C. and Rose A. L., at home preparing for teachers. John E., the subject of this sketch, was educated in the district schools of Harrison county. Has also beena farmer, but in 1879 he began farming and teaching in Shelby county, but from 1879 till 1888 had given his attention principally to the latter occupa- tion, since which time he has given his at- tention principally to farming. He has taught in Harrison, Shelby, Crawford and Monona counties. Mr. McNally was married in Harrison county February 10, 1889, to Miss Anna L. Wright, a native of, Magnolia, Harrison county, and a daughter of- W. H. H. and Lucy M. (Goodrich) Wright, natives of Wisconsin and Ohio, and of Scotch-Irish and Scotch descent. In I860 W. H. H., and some time alter Miss Goodrich came to Harrison county, Iowa, in which county she was employed as teacher; forming the ac- quaintance of W. H. H. they were married in Harrison county, Iowa, where they both still reside on the old homestead, in Harrison township. Mrs. McNally was a teacher of Crawford and Harrison counties before her marriage. Our subject and wife have two children: Ruth Ann and Mary Frances. Mr. McNally affiliates with the Democratic party, and his wife is a member of the Conerecra- tional Church. U-ALTER DILIVAN, one of the well- known early settlers of Crawford county, was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, March 10, 1829, a son of Nicholas and Elizabeth Jane Dilivan, the former a native of Delaware county, New York, and the lat- ter of Mohawk Dutch descent. The mother died when our subject was six years of age. She was a Christian woman, and taught her children to fear God from their youth up. The father afterward returned to Pejmsyl- vania, and his death occurred iu Clarion, county, that State, in 1855. He was a farmer all his life, and was a Democrat in his political views. The parents reared a family of nine children, two sons and seven daughters. Walter Dilivan was reared on a farm in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, and at the age of thirty-five years removed to Carroll county, Iowa, settling ten miles northeast of Carroll. In 1873 he came to his present farm,, then raw land, but he now has eighty acres of rich and well improved land, w T ith a comfortable dwelling, good stables, cribs, etc. Mr- Dilivan has been twice married, first, at the age of twenty-hve years, to Martha Jane Kelley, a native of Butler county, Pennsyl- vania, and a daiighter of Andrew and Jane Kelley. To this union was born five chil- dren, four now living: Eliza Jane, Aaron M., Sarah A. and Margarett A. One child, Samuel, died at the age of twenty-seven years. Mrs. Dilivan was a member of the Methodist Church, and her death occurred November 886 RIOGRAPIIWAL BISTORT OF 27, 1862. In March, ls«U, our subject mar- pied Mrs. Small Ford, nee Ochampangh, the widow of Joseph II. Kurd, who died in \x>'>2. Sarah Ochampangh and Joseph II. Fun I were the first couple married in Carroll county. They had three children: Melissa F., William II. and Mar)- I. Her father now resides in this county, aged eighty-two years. Mr. and Mrs. Ochampangh were the parents of six children, two sons and four daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Dilivan have four children : Harriett F., Minnie F. wife <>f R. C. Richmond; Lucy and Walter Clark. One child, Wallis, died at the age of sixteen months. Mr. Dilivan has twenty-seven grandchildren. He is a Repub- lican in his political views; is an Elder in the Reorganized Church of Latter-Day Saints, and is an earnest and active worker in the church and for his Master. He is a man of honor, and is esteemed by all who know him. E. LEITNER, of Hays township, sec tion L6, post office Vail, came to Hays 9 township, Crawford county, iu June, 1869. He was bom in£ane county, Illinois, 1862, and was but .-even years old when he ae to this county. Be was the son of Paul and Margaret (Schumacher) Leitner. The father was a native of Pennsylvania, but removed to Ohio when a young man, where he married the mother of our subject, a Dative of Germany, and thej moved from there to Kane enmity. Illinois. Here they opened up a farm, but in 1869 came toCrawford connty, Iowa, settling in Hays township, where the father purchased a tract of 160 acres of prairie land, it being some of the firs! land broken in that township. Mr. Leitner was an evangelical minister, and preached from time to time in the District surrounding his home. He died in February 1872. The mother is still living in the Bame township. She and her husband had a family of eleven children, six yet living. They are: Elizabeth, wife of Daniel Whitcomb, of Worth county, Iowa; William H.. resident of Baker county, Oregon, where he went in 187S; Salome, wife of W. W. Rhodenbaugh, of this county; Susan, died in this county, in January 1888, was the wife of E. Chamberlin, of Vail; John, is married and resides in Manilla, Iowa; Mary, wife of N. B. Shouguist, of Box, Butte county, Nebraska; Reuben, died in this county, in January 1872; D. F.. our subject. The other three died and were buried in Ill- inois, while yet quite young. Our subject was roared to farm life and educated in the district schools of Hays township. He aided in the opening up of the home farm. The first lumber shipped to Vail was for the house on this same home farm. Mr. Leitner lives on the old home- stead. He was married in Crawford county to Alice Watson, a native of Denison. Crawford county, daughterof William and Mary (Scott) Watson, natives of England, who came in an early day to this county, first settling in Den- ison in 1870. the later in Vail, where the death of the father occurred in 1889, but his wife is .-till living and reside- in Vail. Mr. Leitner is a stanch Republican. X. NELSON, farmer of section 32, Foyer township, located on thi- 9 tion, in l>il>'.», having come to this county from Harrison county, Iowa, to which latter place he had come from Tipton. Indiana, in duly, L867, making the trip overland, by team. CRAWFORD, IDA AND HAG COUNTIES. 297 Onr subject was born in Fayette county, Indiana, in 1888, beiugthe eldest in a family of three born to W H. and Phoebe (Carver) Nelson, natives of Bangor, Maine, and Duchess county, New York, respectively. The father left Maine when a young man and removed to Fayette county, Indiana, where his father, Jacob, also removed, after a four years residence in Ohio. Here he lived and died in his sixty-sixth year, his excellent wife surviving him until December 23, 1858, when her death occurred at the age of seventy- four. They reared a family of six children, of which the father of our subject was the eldest, namely: William; Andrew; Jacob; Melinda, married Jonathan Carver, of Fay- ette county, Indiana; Mary, wife of M. K. Perrine, a stock man of Oskaloosa, Iowa; Margaret, married Oliver Willett, but is now a widow and resides at University, Des Moines. The father of our subject went to Fayette county, Indiana, in 1820, and re- mained there until 1841. when he removed to Tipton county, same state, where he opened up a farm. He was a surveyor and real-estate agent. Here he lived and died, at the age of forty-five, June 2, 1854. The cause of his death was a cold caught while surveying some sw T amp land. His wife survived him until December 20, 1883, when her death occurred in Boyer township, Crawford county, Iowa. She and her husband reared a family of three children, namely: K. H., our subject; J. D., married aud residing in this township, and S. W., married and residing in Shenandoah, Iowa. Our subject was reared in Tipton, Indiana, until coming to Indiana, receiving his educa- tion in the public schools of his town. Here he learned the harness-making trade, which he followed in Tipton, Indiana. As before mentioned, Mr. Nelson came to Iowa, in 1867, and located on his present farm in I860, on which he built a small house, but in 1875, finding the accommodation afforded by this residence too limited, he erected his present residence, surrounding it with 6hade and or. namental trees. He has greatly improved this farm and now owns 210 acres, all under a fine state of cultivation. On this farm Mr. Nelson raises some stock. Mr. Nelson was married in Tipton county, Indiana, in 1862, to Miss Sarah E. Phaves, a native of Pendleton county, West Virginia, daughter of Soloman and Mary Ann (Bouse) Phaves, natives of Pendleton, West Virginia. The mother was of German descent and both sides of the family settled in West Virginia at an early date. Mr. and Mrs. Phaves re- moved to Tipton county, Indiana, and settled on a farm, where they now reside. Mr. and Mrs. Nelson have seven children, namely: Sam K., Jo D., Mary A., Charley M., Sol V., Albert L., and Asher W. Mr. and Mrs. Nelson are among the early settlers of Boyer township, and both have witnessed the devel- opment of the township and county. Mr. Nelson is among the progressive men of the township, is a strong Democrat, and has been elected to till several of the offices of the township, among which are Trustee of the township and Justice of the Peace, both of which offices he has filled with credit to him- self and to his party. ILLIAM H. MARSHALL, who resides at " Rose Terrace," one of the prettiest rural homes in his section of the country, has been identified with the agricultural interests of Milford township, Crawford county, Iowa, since 1871. A res- ume of his life is as follows: 298 l;lni;i;.\l'li;i'AL HISTORY OF Mr. Marshall was born in Yorkshire, Eng- land, April 25, lvj-1, third in the family of three Bona and Bix daughters of George and Eliza! ict h | Stevenson) Marshall. His parents, natives of Yorkshire, spent their lives and died there, the father passing away at the age of Beventy-six years, and the mother at sixty- five. They were Wesleyan Methodists. The father, an honest laboring man, taught his children industry, sobriety and integrity, and with these principles for cornerstones, Will- iam II. laid the foundation for a useful and upright life. In 1853, at the age of thirty years, Mr. Marshall embarked at Liverpool for America, landing here after a voyage of thirty-six days. He had been employed by a wealthy stock- man of Kentucky to assist in bringing stock to this country, and went with him to frank- lin county, that State, and remained there one year. He then went to Illinois, and in Scott and Morgan counties was engaged at farm work until 1871. That year he came to Iowa and settled on his present farm. This is one of the oldest farms in the county, it having been pre-empted in 1855, and was partially improved at the time became here. He has since developed it into one of the most attrac- tive places to be found in this vicinity. The frame residence, situated on an elevation, is approached from the highway by an avenue, bordered with maples. The beautiful lawn surrounding the house is dotted over with evergreens, shrubs and flowers, a profusion of roses being an attractive feature of this lovely home. At one time Mrs. Marshall had thirty- two varieties of roses. Ten acres are devoted to erove and orchard. The farm contains ItiO acres, is utilized for general farming and stock-raising, and is kept in the best of order. Mr. Marshall was married December 24, 1802, to Mrs. Jane ('. Todd, nee Cadwell. widow of Jackson Todd. Mr. Todd was burn in Tennessee, November 29, 1826; settled in Crawford county, Iowa, in 1856, and died in Illinois June 18, 1861. He and his wife had three children, two of whom are living, viz.: Luella Blackburn, of Morgan county, Illinois; and Sylvanus II., of Los Angeles, California. Mrs. Marshall also had three children by her second marriage, namely: George William E., who died at the age of sixteen months; Hellen Eulalie Estella, a successful teacher, loved by all who knew her, died at the age of twenty-two years; and Lessie May, an ac- complished and amiable young lady, mistress of " Rose Terrace." Mrs. Marshall died August 5, 1886. She was a native of Morgan count v. Illinois. Her father, Dr. Cadwell, was the first physician of Morgan county, and also served as County Jud^e. Her mother was a daughter of Colo- nel Lyon, an officer in the Revolutionary war. The Lyon family were prominent people of Illinois. Mrs. Marshall was an earnest Christian and a devoted member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. She was noted for her culture and refinement, her generous hospitality, and for her many other admirable qualities, and her death was a source of great bereavement to all who knew her. OLOMOX GIBSON, who resides on a farm of 120 acres in section 6, Union township, Crawford county, Iowa, his post office being Dow City, is one of the in- telligent, energetic and well-known men of the township and an early settler, having lo- cated here in 1868. Mr. Gibson was born near Ottawa, Canada, April 9, 1838, son of Robert and Sarah (Camp bell) Gibson, Presbyterians and natives of the CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 299 north of Ireland. They came to Canada in their childhood, were married in that country, and there on a farm reared a family of ten children, six sons and four daughters. Three of the sons are now prominent and highly re- spected citizens of Crawford county, Iowa; Samuel, at Charter Oak ; Frank, an ex-soldier of the late war, lives at Paradise; and Solo- mon, the subject of our sketch. The father made three trips to this county to visit his sons. Both he and his wife are now deceased, his death having occurred at the age of ninety- two years, and hers at eighty-seven. At the age of twenty-two Mr. Gibson left home and spent one season in Minnesota, and from there went overland to California, mak- ing the journey with horses and oxen. This was in 1861. He was five months and five days on the way, and went by what was known as Lander's cut-off. He spent six years in •California, ranching, prospecting and mining, after which he started East, coming via Salt Lake. He stopped for a time at Deer Lodge county, Montana, where he engaged in min- ing. By an unfortunate accident with a gun he lost his left arm just as he was about to take the boat on the Missouri river. His brother Frank was with him at this time. As soon as he was able to travel he embarked for Sioux City, thence to Dunlap, and from there to Crawford county. After renting land for awhile he came to his present farm, which he has since developed into a fine property. He has a comfortable two-story cottage home, located on a natural building site and sur- rounded with attractive lawn, grove, orchard, etc. He devotes his attention to general farm- ing and stock-raising, keeping a high grade of cattle, horses, hogs and sheep. His barn is 16 x 32 feet; stock shed, 18 x 90 feet; and his cribs, granaries, yards, feed-lots, etc., are all in first-class order. Mr. Gibson was married in Canada, in 1868, to Miss Maria Kidd, who was born, reared and educated there, daughter of John and Margaret (Garland) Kidd, her parents, like her husband's, being of Irish descent, members of the Church of England, and na- tives of the north of Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Kidd are both deceased. Mr. Gibson and his wife have eight children, namely: Marga- ret Alvaretta, Emma Sarah, Ida Jane, all pop- ular and successful teachers, the first named being a resident of Slater, Colorado; and John Francis, Ed Henry, Lizzie Maria, Edna Lydia and William Beatty. Mr. Gibson was formerly a Democrat, but now affiliates with the People's party. He has served as Township Clerk, as a member of the School Board, and in other official ca- pacities. He and his wife and three of their daughters are members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. fOHN SIMPSON, a farmer and stock- raiser of section 24, Boyer Valley town ship, Sac county, Iowa, is one of the pioneer representative citizens who settled in the township in 1872, and is also an ex-sol- dier of the late war. He was born April 12, 1843, in New York, a son of William and Margaret (Lupton) Simpson, natives of Lin- colnshire, England. The mother died near Sabnla, Jackson county, Iowa, but the father is living at Savanna, Illinois, in his eighty- third year. He had three sons in the service during the late war. Robert, who served in the Twenty-sixth Missouri Infantry, was wounded at Iuka and now lives at Savanna, Illinois; William served in an Illinois regi- ment and now resides in Jackson county, Iowa. Our subject enlisted in July, 1862, !iOO BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0BT OF in Company A. Twenty-sixth Iowa Infantry, when the rail \va> made fur Hill), 1)110 more men. He served two years and eleven months. Was first under fire at Haines' Bluff, which was followed by the battles of Arkansas Post, Jackson and Brandon, Mississippi; siege of Yicksburg, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, Marietta, Atlanta and Joneeborough, Georgia, took part in the memorable march to the sea; was in the cam- paign through the Carolinas; at Oolumbasand Jonesborongh, and participated in the grand review at Washington, where he was honor- ably discharged in 1865. lie then came to Clinton, Iowa, where he received his pay, after which he went for a short time to Charlotte, Clinton county, but later removed to Jackson county. At the last-named place he continued but one year, when be returned to Clinton county, where he remained until 1872, when he made his final removal to Sac county, Iowa,, locat- ing in Boyer Valley township. Here he en- gaged in farming on eighty acres in section 29, and later bought forty acres on section 23. In 1887 he bought an improved farm of lf><) acres. The residence of Mr. Simpson bears a close resemblance to other comfort able homes, being a one and a half story structure, 14 x 20, and an L. 1.4x16. CTpon the place he has a number of stables, sheds, feed-lots and all the necessary buildings usually found in a well-ordered farm. Here he emwes in general farming and stock raising He was married at the age of twenty-four years in Lyons, Clinton county, Iowa, to Miss Ruth Shull, a native of Vigo county, Indiana. She was seven years of age when the family removed to Clinton county, Iowa, and is a daughter of Hiram and Pebecca (Porter) Shull, natives of Vigo county, in a locality near Terre Haute. They removed to Clinton county at an early date, settling on Govern- ment land. The mother died at the age of fifty-five, but the father lives in Nebraska, aged seventy years. They reared a family of seven children, one son, Lewis, entering the Twenty-sixth Iowa Infantry during the late war. To our subject anil wife ten children have been born, as follows: Arthur Wil- burt; Thomas D.; Clara E., wife of Warren Burns, of this county; William O.; Lura R. and Lewis J., twins; Bertha Agnes; Eva E.; Robert E.; and Leonard II.. who died at the age of four months. Our subject takes an active interest in politics, votes with the Re publican party and has served in several capacities in the township. Socially he is a member of McDowell Post, of Early. He is one of the men who have given Sac county its substantial position in the State. ~^n/lfl,~ insists^- R. PA I LEY, one of the prominent and representative citizens of Delaware * township, P. O. Leota, has made the township his home since 1880. He was born in Greene county, Pennsylvania, May 16, 1851, the son of Joab and Pleasant Jane (Roberts) Bailey, natives of Greene county, Pennsyl- vania, where they were reared, educated and married. A family of four sons and the same number of daughters blessed their union, six of whom attained maturity, two dying previously at five years of age. Our subject was only a few months of age when his parents removed to De Witt county. Illi- nois, in the fall of 1851, becoming pioneers of that county. The father died in De Witt county April 26, 1 X < > « ) . but the mother sur- vived until April is, l>7i>. when she, too, died in the same county. His father was a CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 301 prominent farmer, and taught a number of terms of school. He was a prominent mem- ber of the church until death. He enlisted in the Union army in 1862 at De Witt, Illi- nois, and was mustered in at Camp Butler, Springfield, Illinois. He served two years and eleven months, and was honorably dis- charged at Camp Douglas, Chicago, Illinois, July 3, 1865. Our subject was reared in De Witt county, Illinois, to farm life, receiving his education in the common schools of the county. He can remember having seen deer and wolves in droves on the wild prairies of Illinois in his childhood days. He remained in Illinois until 1880, engaged in farming. At that date he removed to Buena Vista county, Iowa, remained a short time, and then went to Sac county, and in 1881 purchased his farm, which was partly improved, consisting of 108 acres, situated six and one-half miles from Newell, Iowa. He has now brought it to a good state of cultivation, well improved; the residence is a comfortable two-story one, 14 x 24 feet, with a one-story L, the yard be- ing surrounded by a small orchard and a fine three-acre grove. On this fine farm our sub- ject carries on dairying and general farming. The marriage of our subject occurred De- cember 17, 1885, with Miss Eva S. Cushman, born in Fayette county, Iowa, a daughter of H. A. and Esther M. (Clark) Cushman, the former residing in Newell, Iowa, the latter, deceased, in January, 1891, at the age of sixty-seven years. They had a family of five children, two sons and three daughters, all having lived to maturity, Mrs. Bailey having been reared and educated in Fayette and Buena Vista counties, Iowa. She was a teacher in Buena Vista county for thirteen years prior to her marriage, and also taught for one term in Sac county. Two children have been born to our subject and his wife, namely: Homer E., born November 30, 1886; and Essie M., born June 6, 1890. Mr. Bailey takes an active interest in politics, being connected with the Third party. He is a prominent man in his township, and has served as Justice of the Peace. He is still in the prime of life, and his frank, manly manner wins for him friends wherever he chances to be. He is actively interested in whatever tends to be of benefit to the town- ship and county. fOHN WAY, of Willow township, living on sections 19 and 30, near Charter Oak, a popular citizen in the township, has been a resident of the county twenty years, and like many other influential men of Craw- ford county, came from England. He was born May 18, 1836, in Dorsetshire, son of William and Mary Way. John was reared in England at such labor as he found to do, receiving his education in the common schools. For five years he worked at the carpenters' trade and for eleven more worked as a baker. His parents lived in England until their decease. Our subject wa6 one of a family of ten children and his father was a laborer, and independent in religion. In 1872 our subject sailed from Liverpool for the United States and settled in Crawford county, Iowa, leaving his wife and children in England until he had prepared a home for them. He began work at the carpenters' trade, but was glad to do any labor that came to hand. He bought lana near Denison, where he lived until 1892, then removed to his present farm of 288 acres, known as the Thomas Higgins' place, one of the very best in the western part of Crawford county, well 303 BIOOBAPSIOAL HI8T0RY OF improved and in excellent shape in every waj . The residence is a good one and one-half story building, 10 x 24, with an L, 16x22, a one-Story porch on the south and a kitchen, 12x14, on the north. The house is sur- rounded by a fine grove and orchard. The view from it is a line one. taking in miles of surrounding country. The land is quite fer- tile, amply watered and fenced, and divided into pastures, meadows and plowed fields; has ample barns, cribs, sheds and stables, all as good as new. There are wells, springs and creeks,,n various portions of the tract, all supplied with best of water. Mr. Way is engaged in stock-raising and feeding. He was married in his twenty-second year in England to Mary Pidgeon, a worthy wife and good mother, who has looked well after the household. She was born and reared in Somersetshire, England, daughter of James and Amelia (Carter) Pidgeon, who both lived there until their decease. The father was a member of the Church of England and the mother an Independent. Our subject and wife have six children, namely: Amelia, Thomas, Sarah Kiddle, Charles, Ered and Ed- mund. They lost two children, Eleazer at twenty-eight years of age; and Alice, at fifteen years of age. They died at Denison, Craw- ford county, and two others died in Crawford county in early childhood. Our subject is a Republican, and he and his wife and children are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Way is a self-made man and an excellent type of citizen, being honest and upright in his dealings with everybody. jLBKKT BAR8BY, Justice of the Peace, of Boyer township, Crawford county, was born in Rutland, England, in 1840, a son of Thomas and Jane (Woodward) Bars- ]'\. natives also of that country. The father, a blacksmith by trade, emigrated to the United States in 1844, locating in Winne- bago county, Illinois, where he followed his trade until death, in 1874. His wife de- parted this life in 1859. They were the par- ents of seven children, three now living, viz.: Elizabeth, who married Joseph Manchester, and they came to Harrison county in 1875, where he died in December, 1888; Albert, our subject; and William, a farmer by occu- pation. Albert Barsby removed with his parents to Winnebago county, Illinois, when four years of age, and he learned the trade of an iron-niolder in the shops of Rockford, that county. In August, 1861, in that city, he enlisted in Company G, Forty-fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry for three years; was mus- tered into service at Chicago and took part in thirteen engagements, among them being Pea Ridge, Perryville, Stone River, Chicka- mauga, Missionary Ridge and Resaca. He was confined in a hospital for a time and then, on account of ill health, he was honor- ably discharged at Louisville, Kentucky, in 1864. Mr. Barsby then returned to Winne- bago county and resumed his labor in the iron works of Rockford. In 1883 he re- moved to Des Moines, this State, where he had charge of Lowghran & Hillis' Iron Foun- dry until coming to this place in 1889. He purchased the farm known as the Harvey Bishop place, consisting of 180 acres, and lo- cated on sections 24 and 25, Boyer township. Mr. Barsby takes an active interest in pol- itics, voting with the Republican party, has served as Justice of the Peace two years, and is now serving his township as Clerk, and a 1-,, as President of the School Hoard. So- cially he is a member of Shield's Post, No. 83, of Dunlap. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 303 He was married at Rockford, Illinois, in 1868, to Miss Marcella Putnam, a native of Dowagaic, Michigan, and a daughter of Ben- jamin F. and Alma (Johnson) Putnam, natives respectively of Ohio and New York. The mother is a distant relative of Jim Fiske. The parents were married in Ohio, in an early day removed to Michigan, and in 1854 to Winnebago county, Illinois, where they lived the remainder of their days, the father dying in 1876 and the mother in 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Barsby have had five children: Ellen, wife of Norman F. Stillson, of Des Moines; Myra, at home; Era, Laura and Bessie. Mr. Barsby is a public-spirited citizen, and has always taken an active interest in every thing for the good of his county. ->^^^>£^ | US LAMBACH, one of the successful farmers and stock-raiser of Willow town- ship, is a resident of section 14. He came to this county in 1883 and has since made it his home. Mr. Lambach was born near Davenport, Scott county, Iowa, Novem- ber 4, 1860, and is the son of Fred Lambach, a prominent, wealthy and retired citizen of Davenport, who is a native of Germany, al- though he has been a resident of Scott county for many years. The mother of our subject is Sophia (Pulce) Lambach, a native of Ger- many, but married in Davenport. Mr. and Mrs. Lambach reared four children, and one of these, a son, is a prominent physician of Le Claire, Scott county, Iowa. Our subject was reared in Scott county, Iowa, near Davenport, and received a fine education in the schools of his section. He made Scott county his home until 1883, when he came to Crawford county, where his father owned a large tract of 940 acres. This farm on which Mr. Lambach resides is a fine one and is fenced into different fields, in which are carried on the occupations of the farm. As he has dealt in stock so largely Mr. Lam- bach is considered a good judge of it. A neat cottage stands about eighty rods from the road and back of it are substantial barns, stables and the usual outbuildings of farm life, all in a good condition. Mr. Lambach was married November 4, 1888, in this county, to Stella McLaughlin, a lady of intelligence, education and refine- ment, who was a successful teacher for some " time in this county before her marriage. She was born November 1, 1867, in Washington county, Iowa, but reared in this county, and her education was secured at the Dunlap Normal School, and after graduation she taught for five years with great success. She is a daughter of Robert McLaughlin and Elizabeth Moats. (See sketch of Robert Mc- Laughlin.) Our subject and his wife have had two children born to them, namely: Sophie May, born January 31, 1890; and Mabel, born February 23, 1892. In politics our subject is a member of the People's party. He has never sought office, but has been content to carry on his own in- terest in private life, and in this he has been very successful. No man is more respected and esteemed than he and everv one regards him as a thoroughly reliable farmer and cit- izen. fOHN PETT, who resides on section 36 of Union township, Crawford county, Iowa, his post office being Dow City, is well known in this vicinity and stands high as a man of worth and influence. Following is a brief resume of his life: ISlOdltAPlIICM. HISTORY OF Mr. IVtt, like many of our most estimable citizens, came here from England. He was bora in Staffordshire, England, September 27, 1*21, s.,n of William and Hannah (Gas- kins) Pett, natives of England. His father was horn in Kent. Mrs. Pett was born in "Warwickshire. Both parents passed their lives in England and died there, honored and respected by all who knew them. The father was a nurseryman and surveyor by occupa- tion. He belonged to the Episcopal Church. The subject of our sketch was sent away to school until he was thirteen years old, at which time he entered a dry-goods store as clerk, remaining thus occupied four years. He then learned the trade of carpenter and joiner. In 1851 he came to the United States, landing at New Orleans, lie went first to St. Louis, and then to Muscatine, Iowa, working at his trade a short time at both places. He then returned to St. Louis. This was during the cholera epidemic along the Mississippi river in 1852. The following year he went West and worked at his trade in Nevada and Utah, and in 18*54 he came I iaek to Iowa. Four years he lived at North (Trove. In 1868 he came to his present farm of 160 acres, known as the Edmond Eoworth, Sr., farm, and one of the finest improved ones in this part of the county, a portion of it being prairie and the rest timber land. As prosperity attended his earnest efforts he bought more land, being now the owner of 525 acres of rich soil, and being classed with the most extensive landholders in the town- ship. His house, a frame one, is one of the most solid and substantial in the neighbor- hood. It lb commodious and comfortable, has beneath it a rock foundation and is sur- rounded by a prettj lawn, dotted over with trees and shrubs, and near by is a fine orchard and grove. His farm improvements are tirst-class and kept in good order, and hi6 land is well watered and adapted for general farming and stork- raising. Mr. Pett was married at Birmingham. England, in 18-15, to Miss Mary A. Ingram, who proved herself truly a worthy helpmate, and for forty-six years was the sharer of his joys and sorrows. She was born at Weston, in Oxfordshire, England, daughter of Samuel and Keziah (Coggins) Ingram. They had ten children, six sons and four daughters, namely: Mary Ann Shaw, a resident of this township; William Ingram; Oliver. J. ; John M.; Keziah Jane, who died at the age of eight years; Samuel I.; Fanny L.; Ellen X. Young, of Shelby county, Iowa; George A.; Fred A.; Serena S. Young, of Grove town- ship, Shelby county, Iowa. The great afflic- tion of Mr. Pett's life was in the death of his beloved wife, July 11. 1892, aged sixty-six years, one month and one day. He and his family are members of the Church of the Latter-Day Saints, of which he is an Elder. Politically Mr. Pett is a Democrat. He has served efficiently as Assessor, Township Trustee and member of the School Board. He has traveled extensively, is a great reader and a close observer, and has a stock of gen- eral information. Such is a brief review of the life of one of the highly respected citizens of Crawford county. HOMAS BAETLETT. one of the prom. inent citizens of Crawford county, was born in Oxfordshire, England, January 29, 1846, a son of William and Mary (New- man) Uartlett, natives also of that country. The father died in 1891, aged sixty-nine CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES- 305 years and ten months, and the mother now resides at Preston, Jackson county, Iowa. They were the parents of three children: George W., of Preston; Thomas, our subject; and Mary Ann, wife of John M. Martin, of Preston. The father was a farmer by occu- pation, a Democrat in his political views, and religiously was a member of the Church of England, Thomas Bartlett was reared and educated in his native country, and in 1866 came to the United States, first locating near Sabula, Jackson county, Iowa. He was engaged in farming there until 1874, and in that year settled in section 29 Jackson township, Crawford county, where he bought an im- proved eighty acres. In 1885 he sold that land and bought of John Cook his present farm, consisting of 160 acres. Mr. Bartlett also owns a good farm in section 28, this township, and on his home place he has a handsome dwelling and a beautiful grove and orchard. He was married at Sabula, at the age of twenty-rive years, to Miss Sarah A. Cook, a native of Jackson county, Iowa, and a daugh- ter of William and Elizabeth (Cock) Cook, natives of Somersetshire, England. The father was a prominent and wealthy citizen of Jackson county, and was respected by all who knew him. His death occurred Novem- ber 27, 1890, aged sixty-nine years, eleven months and twenty-nine days, and his wife now resides in that county, aged sixty-eight years. They had six children, two sons and four daughters. One sou, John Cook, is a well-known citizen of Westside township, Crawford county. Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett have had nine children: Henrietta, wife of Conrad Lingle, of Jackson township; Hester E., Mary V"., Elizabeth, Seymour J., Sadie A., William C, George A., and Charles, who died aged nine months and eleven days. The children were all baptized in infancy in the Methodist Church. Politically Mr. Bartlett is a Democrat. His wife is a member of the Methodist Church. flELS JOBGENSEN, one of the prom- inent farmers of Crawford county, was born in Denmark in May, 1831, a son of Jorgen and Sophia Hanson. The parents remained in their native country until death, the father dying in 1866, at the age of sixty- three years, and the mother passing away when seventy-two years old. They were farmers all their lives and were devout mem- bers of the Lutheran Church. jSTiels Jorgensen, the eldest of seven chil- dren, three sons and four dauo-hters, at- tended school until fourteen years old, and afterward learned the trade of carpenter. In 1862 he left Denmark for the United States, sailing from Hamburg to New York. He worked in a mill at Grand Traverse, Mich- igan, four months; was at Chicago, Illi- nois; found employment in a sawmill in Wis- consin two years, worked in a sash factory at Chicago for a time, and then accepted a sit- uation with the American Bridge Company, in Chicago, a prominent and wealthy company. They then employed a large force of work- men, built some of the largest and best bridges in the West, and while in their em- ploy Mr. Jorgensen contracted the typhoid malaria in southern Illinois. He was at one time cared for at the Sisters of Mercy Hos- pital in Chicago. He was one of a gang of sixteen men, and worked for some time at Gills Landing, Wisconsin. He worked for this company about eight years steadily and 300 n/aaltAl'IIICAL HISTORY OF while in their employ traveled mam thousand niilrs, and earned money enough to buy a Farm. In 1872 our subject bought 640 acres of wild land in Crawford county, which is now well impoved, and where lie lias a good dwelling, situated on a natural building site. lli> barn, 48x58 feet, was erected in 1891, at a cost of $1,000. He keeps LOO head of cattle and a large number of hogs and horses. His farm is one of the largest in the township, and consists of good, rich land. Since he began farming he has met with se- vere trials and troubles, but has persevered, and is now deservedly enjoying much com- fort. Mr. Jorgensen has six children: Sophia Menetta, Hans William, James Edvin, Frank- lin Ferdinand, Blanche Louise and Ellen B. Hans \V. has attended Highland Park Col- lide for two years. Our subject affiliates with the Republican party, and at one time served seven years as Justice of the Peace. fiMjjICHAEI, KRAL, who resides on a \j\\ Hill acre farm, located in section 22, "^%£t- Milford township, Crawford county, Iowa, post office, Vail, is one of the repre- sentative Americanized Bohemian citizens of Iowa. Mr. Krai was born in Cizkov, Bohemia, Eu- rope. .January 7, 1853, son of Joseph and Theresa Krai, natives of that province. When he was nine years old he came with his par- ents to America. For three months they lived in Chicago, thence removed to Iowa City, Johnson county, Iowa, where they lived five years, when they went to Oxford town- ship, same county, residing there eight years, and from there, in 1875, to this county, where they have since lived. Of the nine children in this family, five are still living, namely: Joseph, Albert. Michael, Stephen and John. All live on farms of their own in this county, and are enterprising and success- ful men and law-abiding citizens. When the subject of our sketch bought the farm On which he now lives it was wild land, and his well-directed efforts have brought it up to its present development. His com- fortable home, located on a natural building site, thirty rods back from the road, is 18 x 32, 14-foot posts, with a one-story L, 18 x 32 feet. His other farm buildings and fences are first- class and well kept up. and his grove and orchard combine to make his farm a desirable and attractive property. Among his stock are jrood horses, cattle and hosts. Mr. Krai was married in February, 1877, at Fort Oodge, Webster county, Iowa, to Anna Mezena, a native of Bohemia. Her parents, John and Kate Mezena. also Bohe- mians, are residents of Webster county, this State. The names of their nine children are Joe, Kate, Anna, May Anthony, John. Frank, Charlie and Barbara. Mr. and Mrs. Krai have rive children, viz.: Jeffrey, Ed, Jenny, Theodore and George. He and his wife are members of the Catholic Church, and in pol- itics he affiliates with the Democratic party -^insi/lr —ge-si/irtsi'- fKANK GIBSON, an ex-soldier of the late war and an old settler of Crawford county, Iowa, was born in Canada in 1836, son of Robert and Sarah (Campbell) (iib-on, the former a native of Ireland and a British soldier. Mr. Gibson was reared in Canada. At the age of twenty he came to the United States, lirst stopping in La Salle county, Illinois, and from there go- ing to Minnesota. In May, 1861, he enlisted CRAWFORD, IDA AND HAD COUNTIES. 307 in the First Minnesota Infantry. Company G, and served with bravery until May. 1864, when he was honorably discharged. Mr. Gibson dates his arrival in Crawford county, Iowa, in 1868, since which time he has been identified with the interests of this place. In 1883 he purchased his present farm, eighty acres, in Paradise township, and on it has since made his home. He was married in 1872 to Miss Caroline Morris, a native of Canada, and has four chil- dren: Mary J., William H., Thomas £. and Francis M. Mr. Gibson is a Democrat. He has served as Township Trustee. He is a member of the G. A. R., Denison Post, and he and his wife are both members of the Presbyterian Church at Denison. #*T^ILL1AM i;. GRIMES, a farmer of t'll/iVil section 28, Crawford county, was born l*"^s#j in Batavia, Kane county, Illinois, in 1849, a son of Jacob and Lucy (Hoyt) Grimes, natives of New York. In an early day the father moved to Mcrlenry county, Illinois, thence to Du Page county, same State, and afterward to Batavia, where he was engaged in the drug business. The mother died in Chicago, in 1878, and the father still resides in Batavia, aged seventy-four years. During the late war he was Captain of Company I, Fifty-second Illinois Infantry, served in the Army of the Potomac, but, on account of ill health, was honorably discharged in 1862. Of the family of Mr. and Mrs. Grimes three children still survive: Mary married G. W. Lackey, who enlisted for the late war in Bloomiiigton, Illinois, and was elected Colo- nel of the Laeke}' Zouaves at the age o' nineteen years; Loomis, who enlisted for the late war in Kane county, Illinois, in 1864, re-enlisted in 1865, in the Forty-second Illi- nois Infantry, served through the struggle, and still resides in Illinois; and William R., our subject. The latter was reared and educated in Ba- tavia, Illinois. In 1864 he enlisted in Com- pany I, Forty-second Illinois Infantry, for one year, served in the Army of the Potomac, and took part in the battles of Nashville and Franklin, Tennessee. He was then sent to Brownsville, Texas, on the Rio Grande river, where he assisted in guarding the frontier. He was honorably discharged at Port Lavaca, that State, in December, 1865, after which he re-entered school in Batavia. After complet- ing his education he learned blacksmithinij, and worked at his trade in that city until 1881. In that year Mr. Grimes purchased 320 acres of land in Crawford county, Iowa, which he has now under a fine state of culti- vation, has a good dwelling, and four acres of his land is devoted to an orchard and orna- mental trees. He now owns a farm of 360 acres, and in addition to his agricultural pur- suits is also engaged in raising cattle and hogs. Mr. Grimes takes an active interest in politics, voting with the Republican party, and in the spring of 1891 was elected Township Trustee. He was married at Batavia, Illinois, Sep- tember 6, 1877, to Miss Mary Messner, who was born in Fulton county, Indiana, a daughter of Elias and Sarah (Snyder) Stepp, natives of Pennsylvania. In an early day the parents removed to Fulton county, Indiana, and in 1857 to Brookville, Ogle county, Illinois, where the mother died in 1879. Mrs. Grimes was reared in the family of Mr. Messner, in Carroll and Ogle counties, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Grimes have had three children: Ben- nie, deceased at the age of six years; Ray and Carl. Our subject is a member of the G. A. 308 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF R. Post, No. ISO; of Manilla Lodge, No. 149, K. of ]'.; and of the Masonic order. Mrs. Grimes is a member of the Woman's Relief Corps. Mr. ami Mrs. (irimes are among the early pioneers of N ishnabotany township, have witnessed its complete development, and are among its most respected citizens. H. WAITLET, a farmer and success- ful fruit-grower, residing on section 1° 21, Boyer township, Crawford county, Iowa, came to the county in 1878. Onr sub- ject was born in Massachusetts, in 1829, and was the son of John S. and Lydia Bartletl Wait lev, natives of Scotland. His father came with his mother to America and settled in Massachusetts, where he married. Grand- mother Waitley, on a return visit to Scotland, was lost at sea. The father of our snbject was a minister of the Free-will Baptist Church, and his mother was a native of Massachusetts, a daughter of Josiah Bartlett, one of the sign- ers of the Declaration of Independence, who was also an officer in the Revolutionary war. John S. Waitley, about 1835, removed to Ash- tabula county, < >hio, and there made his home for several years, but later removed to Canton, Ohio. His death occurred in Knox county, Ohio, in 1868, aged ninety-six years. In early life he was an ardent Whig, bnt later became a Democrat. His excellent wife died in 1858, in Knox county, Ohio. Our subject was reared in Ashtabula county, Ohio, received his education in the district Bchools, then attended the ( lanton schools, and then Hiram College, and was a pupil there with the lamented President Garfield. Mr. Waitley was married in Knox county. Ohio, in 1855, to Miss Rosalia Mackenzie, a native of Knox county and the daughter of Moses and Hester (Sapp) Mackenzie, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Kentucky. The marriage of Mr. and Mr-. Mackenzie took place in Ohio and they re- sided in Brown and Knox counties, in the latter of which he died, in the year of 1841. The mother survived him until Is82 and died at St. Elmo, Illinois. Our subject removed to Noble, Indiana, in lS5'.t and there engaged in milling, thence he went to l.a Grange, Indiana, and followed the same occupation for some years, but in 1878 lir came to Harrison county, Iowa; he bought a farm in Crawford county, in 1884, of eighty acres of raw prairie and commenced improv- ing it. .Now, with his .-on, E. I!. Waitley, they own 240 acres of land, in a tine state of cultivation, and his farm is all under fences and cross-fences. Mr. Waitley has made a great success of fruit-growing and has put out a good orchard of one and one-half acres, also two acres in blackberries, one acre in strawberries, one and one-half acres in raspberries, around all of which he has planted shade and ornamental trees, making it a beautiful Bight. He has also a vineyard of 400 bearing vines and a large number of Catalpa trees and everything in the way of trees that are suitable for the climate. Our subject take- some interest in politics, in the Republican party, although not as much as in the days gone bv. lie is at present chairman of the Republican Central Com- mittee, at Boyer township, and for sixteen year- served as Justice of the Peace. Mr. and Mrs. Waitley had four children, namely: Flora, wife of W. L. Hoff, of Carroll county, Iowa; Kdwin B. is a photographer and resides in Dunlap, Iowa, where his father lived for four years after coming into the State, in 1878; Charlie, whose death occurred J ane 19. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 309 1892, age thirty-one years; he was a bright, talented young man, beloved and highly re- spected by all who knew him, was a rising young attorney, of Logan, Harrison county, Iowa, aud the closing of his career, so early in life, was not only a shock and a loss to his parents, but also to the community in which he lived; Eva, is the wife of Dr. Spaulding, of Battle Creek, Iowa; she was a successful teacher for many years in Harrison and Mo- nona comities; and Ida remains at home. Mr. Waitley has seen many of the changes in Iowa, and for two years was connected with the Dunlap Eeportor, as soliciting agent, and also was editor of the paper for two and one-half years. It is remarkable what success Mr. Waitley has had with the growing of fruit, and still more remarkable when it is realized how short a time has elapsed since he becran its cultivation. A. COOK.— The Denison Bulletin was founded by A. B. Keith and ^M 9 George Stephens in 1873. It had a distinctive mission — the propagation of sound Democratic principles and the publication of the local incidents of the time. The year following Mr. Keith bought out his partner's interest, and until September 15, his, alone, was the brain to create and hand to execute the policy of the, paper. The life of the journal was without untoward incident, pass- ing along smoothly and uneventfully, giving weekly a new force and vigor to political questions, and keeping its readers fully in- formed upon passing events, both general and local. Mr. Keith's personality was strong, his writing graceful, pungent and abounding with wit and humor. In fact the paper's reputation was founded on its editor's wit, which shone on every page and glistened from 25 almost every paragraph, every item carrying some pungent sentence, calculated to provoke a smile and thus fix the reader's attention. On the date named above, September 15, 1888, Henry A. Cook purchased the entire business, bringing into the business the skill of a thorough, practical printer and nearly twenty years of successful experience as a publisher and printer. Mr. Cook was born at Cedar Rapids, Linn county, Iowa, and is now forty-two years old. His father was a native of Xiagara county, New York, and his mother was born on the famous Western Reserve in Ohio. Mr. Cook, Sr., was reared in Canada, but emiorated to Linn county in 1837, entering a farm there, which he soon sold, engaging first in mer- chandising and then in hotel keepino-, after- ward returning to farming and finally settled down to real-estate speculation, in a small way, for the remainder of his life. He was a gentleman who kept himself fully posted upon current events and quickly allied him- self with the Democratic party. He gave his son a good common-school education and bade him carve his own way to fame and for- tune, an injunction he has followed. The future journalist was one of a pair of twins, and while he has outlived his entire family, his youth was spent in weakness and suffering. This naturally operated against him, but his ambition to gain an education was almost unconquerable, and he paid for a course at a commercial school himself, and afterward took a literary and historical course, supplemented by a close study of the prin- ciples of political economy, under a orivate tutor. He ended his course of study by two years of law reading, under the direction of Colonel I. M. Preston, in his father's office. Colonel Preston was one of the best criminal lawyers that ever practiced in the State. 810 niiiiniM'UWAL HI8T0BT OF Mr. Cook bad served hie apprenticeship at the case, and also as a gatherer of local news, and the attractions of the newspaper life held him in thrall, so hegaveupall further notion of entering the practice of law. Prior to this time Mr. Cook had been editor of the Cedar Rapids Daily Republican, founder of the Center Point, Iowa Courier Journal, part owner and editor for nearly three years of the Cedar Rapids Standard, and afterward was editor and owner of the Eureka Springs, Arkansas Daily and Weekly Times, and of the Beaton connty Arkansas Democrat, from which place he came to Denison. Ee is a Democrat of the most pronounced C invictions, and is a political writer of much force and perspicuity, his paper being rec- Ognized everywhere as one of the most in- fluential weeklies in the State. He has no ambition to hold office, although he has been many times tendered nominations. Some idea of his strength as a politician may be inferred from the fact that the Iowa platform of his party for 1877 was prepared by him and he was a member of the platform com- mittee, again in the spring of 1892. Delias also been Chairman <>f,the County Central Committee, for two years past, and has, by tact and skillful planning cemented his party into an invincible political force, not a Re- publican being in office in the county. Bir. Coot was married in 1^73, to Miss Nettie P. Newman, daughter of Hon. Thomas G-. Newman, publisher of the American Bee Journal of Chicago. Five children have been born to them, three of whom died in infancy, the two remaining one- are daughters, aged sixteen and ten year.-. He is of decidedlj domestic tastes, and greatly dis- likes ostentatious display. Ee is a public talker of no mean ability and takes part in political campaigns with zest and earnestness, in that capacity. Bis talent in thai direction is not confined to politic.-, for he often lectures before educational and other bodies. He cares little for the gayeties of society, but pre- fers home and his books to any other form of amusement. Ee served as a Union recruit during the closing days of the Rebellion and was after- ward nearly three years in the regular army during the Indian campaign in Nebraska, Colorado and Montana. If there were more men like this gentleman, Iowa would rank as first in this great. Union of so many great and prosperous commonwealths. §ENRY KELLY, County Superintendent of Crawford county, Iowa, was born in Chariton county, Missouri, September 21, 1859, son of Patrick and Rose (Barrett) Kelly, natives of Ireland. Patrick Kelly lived on the Emerald Isle until he was eighteen years old. At that time he came to America and located in New York State, being there when the Mexican war came on. lit; at once enlisted and served all through that war. He then went to Chio, where he married Miss Rose Barrett, she having come to the United States when she was about twenty. Shortly after their mar- riage they moved to Missouri, which State continued to be their home until 1881 when they located in Iowa. Here the father died in L888. The mother is still living. They had a family of seven children, all of whom are now residing in this county, except Will- iam, who died in 1882, at the age o( tweutj live years. Patrick .1. and Pose are teachers and Joseph i.- preparing himself for the same profession. Margarel lives in Denison. Mary is the wife of Eugene Schaeffer, of Soldier CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 311 township. The family have been reared in the Catholic faith and are devout members of that church. Henry Kelly came with his parents to Crawford county in 1881, and until January 1, 1892, resided in Soldier township. Since that time he has been a resident of Deuison. His boyhood days were spent on the farm and his early education was obtained in the com- mon schools. He entered upon his career as an educator when he was twenty, and has since devoted his time most earnestly to this profession. After teaching for awhile he attended normal school at Kirksville, Mis- souri. He is a young man of more than or- dinary ability and is especially adapted for the work he has chosen. His vacations for a few years past have been spent on his farm, 160 acres in Soldier township, which, in com- pany with his brother, he improved to some extent. This property, however he has re- cently disposed of. In the fall of 1891 Mr. Kelly was elected County Superintendent of Crawford county, on the Democratic ticket. His general pop- ularity with the teachers, his co-workers, and his earnest efforts to advance the educational interests of the county, fit him for this im- portant position, the duties of which he has entered upon enthusiastically. £ > T. PAYNE, Justice of the Peace, of Hayes township, Ida county, was born in Clay county, Indiana, in 1851, a son of William Benjamin and Malinda (Stur- devant) Payne, the former a native of Mary- land and the latter of North Carolina. When a young man the father moved to Clay county, Indiana, was there married in 1853; pur- chased a farm in Boone county, Iowa, which he improved, and in 1883 opened a farm in Ida county. He afterward moved to Ida Grove, this county, where he died May 4, 1891, and the mother still resides in that city. The former took an active part in politics in Boone county. Mr. and Mrs. Payne reared a family of seven children, namely: Candacy, of Hayes township; J. T., our subject; M. L., a contractor, of Sioux City; Julia Ann, wife of W. M. Pilcher, of Hayes township; B. F., also of this township; George H., a bridge inspector on the Denver & Ft. Worth railroad at Henrietta, Texas; and Laura, wife of Charles Lovett, of Blaine township. J. T. Payne, our subject, was reared and educated in Boone county, Iowa. May 18, 1875, he purchased 100 acres of prairie land on section 20, Hayes township, Ida county, two years later erected a small house, and began farming his land. In 1890 he built his fine, frame residence, one and a half story, 28x41 feet, and also a fine barn, 30x36 feet. Mr. Payne has devoted considerable attention to his grove and orchard, which now contains about ten acres. He has added to his original purchase until now owns 240 acres in a good state of cultivation, and is encao-ed in general farming and stock-rais- ing. In his political views he takes an active part in the Republican party; served three years as member of the County Board of Supervisors; was the first Assessor of Hayes township, serving four years; was Secretary of the School Board five years; Township Clerk two years and has filled the position of Justice of the Peace since 1888. Assisted in organizing and naming Hayes township, in 1878, which was taken from Corwin town- ship; assisted in organizing the school dis- tricts and was Secretary of the Board during 8)3 BIOuBAPEIOAL IlfSToilY OF the erection of Bis Bchool buildings. The lumber for the lirst building was hauled from 1 lenison. Mr. Payne was married in this township Fel>ruar\ -J'.i, 1SS0, to MissCeorgiana Friott, a native of Vermont, but reared in Massachu- setts to the age of nine years, then removing to Chicago, whore she lived five years when, in 1878, came to Hayes township, Ida county, Iowa. Her parents still reside in Ida Grove. Our subject and wife have live children: Ruby, Rodney, Armour, Luva and Cornelius. Mr. and Mrs. Payne are among the early and well known pioneers of Hayes township. Socially our Bubject is Xoble Grand of Ida Grove Lodge, No. 259, I. O. 0. F., is a member of Golden Rule Encampment, No. 43, also of the K of P., at Ida drove. Re- ligiously he is one of the Trustees in the Church of God. Mr. Payne and Mr. Will- iam Pilcher are the origiual settlers of Hayes township, and the former has always taken an active interest in everything for its good A. DESSEL, County Auditor of Ida tnty, Iowa, hai been a resident of ' this county since the spring of issl. At that time he located at [da Grove, and for two years and a half afterward was employed as a clerk in a general merchandise estab lishment. He then went to Holstein, this county, and engaged in the hardware and implement business for Bome eighteen months, at the end of which time he was appointed Pi Btmaster by President Cleveland and served four years. After that he was elected to his present position, and Bince the fall of L889 rved most efficiently as County Auditor. Mr. Dessel was born near the province of Westphalia, in Germany, January 27, 1861, son of Henry and Mary A. ( Figge) De-sel. His father died in Germany, and his mother came to America and is now a resident of Iowa. He was reared on a farm and in a mercantile establishment, and received his education in the public and parochial Echools of Iowa. His marriage occurred in Ida Grove, Iowa, June 20, 1884, the lady of his choice being Miss Ottilie Witt, a native of Daven- port, this State. They have had two chil- dren: Arthur and Willie. The former i s de ceased. Mr. Dessel is a self-made man. He began life without means, has worked his way up and is now ranked with the well-to-do men of the county. §C. DALL, one of the prosperous farm- ers and well-known citizens of Maple township, Ida county, Iowa, has been a resident of this place since 1881. Like many of the well-to-do farmers in this section of Iowa, he was born in that portion of Denmark, which became a part of Ger- many in 1864, the date of his birth being July 31, 1845. He is a son of <'. II. and Elizabeth (Iverson) Dall. who were born, passed their lives and died in Denmark. He eared there, attending school from the time he wa> seven until he was fourteen. In 1872, at the age of twentj seven years, he left his native land ami came to America, and I in l.ee county. Illinois, near Dixon, where he engaged in farming on rented hind. In 1881 he ca to Ida county, Iowa, and the same year purchased a farm of eighty acres in section 8; in l ss 4 he bought eighty acre- in section 7, and in L891 bought eighty acres more in section 7. all in Maple town- Bhip. He has improved this farm and has it chaw ford, id a and sag counties. 313 under a high state of cultivation. His bouse, a story and a balf, is 14 x 24 feet, with an L, 12x20 feet; barn, 24x34 feet, with 14- foot posts; granary, 16 x 20 feet; fine orchard and forest trees, comprising three acres. Mr. Dall was married in Lee county, Illi- nois, January 7, 1875, to Miss M. K. Schmidt, a native of Denmark, and a daugh- ter of C. H. and K. M. (Hansen) Schmidt, natives of that country. Her father is de- ceased, and her mother is still living there. Mr. and Mrs. Dall have had five children, viz.: Christ H, Henry C, Carrie May, Eliza beth (deceased), and an infant son (deceased). He is identified with the Republican party and has been a member of the School Board. C. VAN HOUTEN, who lives on a farm near Battle Creek, in Maple 1° township, Ida county, Iowa, has been identified with the agricultural interests of this place since 1882, and is well known and highly respected. Mr. Van Houten dates his birth in Clarion county, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1856. John Van Houten, his father, also a native of the Keystone State, served during the civil war as a member of Company K, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. He now resides near dishing, Iowa. Mr. Van Houten's mother was, before her marriage, Miss Mary Ann Boyles, and she, too, was a native of Pennsylvania. They had seven children, three sons and four daughters. C. C. Van Houten was reared on a farm in his native State. At the age of twenty he came to Iowa and located in Cedar county, three years later went to Benton county, and in 1882 came from there to his present loca- tion. Here he owns 120 acres of land in section 8, Maple township, which is well im- proved with good buildings, fences, grove, orchard, etc., and is under a hiah state of cultivation. His house is 16 x 24 feet, with an L, 14 x 20 feet, and he lias two barns, one 24 x 32 feet, and the other 16 x 20 feet. Mr. Van Houten was married at the age of twenty-seven in Muscatine, Iowa, to Lizzie Fricke. a native of Muscatine county, Iowa, and a daughter of August and Fredrica (Herwig) Fricke, the latter a native of Ger- many. They have had four children, viz.: The first born, that died in infancy; Charles Leander, Homer P., Malcom D., and Orr Roy. His political views are in harmony with Democratic principles. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., Echo Lodge, No. 119, and of the Farmers' Alliance. A man in the prime of life, intelligent and industrious, frank and jovial with all, Mr. Van Houten is held in high esteem by his neighbors and fellow- citizens. 5j5*" mOUIS MESENBRINK, a farmer of sec- Wti tion 9, Hanover township, Crawford %^ county, was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1839, a son of John H. and Dora (Dannan- burg) Mesenbrink, also natives of that place. The father was a shepherd by occupation, and his death occurred in Hanover in 1842. In 1858 the mother sailed from Bremen, Ger- many, and after a voyage of three months landed at New Orleans; later went to St. Louis, theuce to Chicago, and her death occurred in Jackson county, Iowa, at the age of eighty- four years. Mr. and Mrs. Mesenbrink reared the following children: Mary, wife of August Pock, of Hanover, Germany; Dora, who died 814 lUixUiAPHlCM, HISTORY OF in December, L891, waa the wife of William Green; Sophia, wife of August Eenne, of Strasbnrg, Illinois; Henry, a resident of this township; Louis, our subject; and Fred, also of this township. Louis, the Bubject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Hanover, Germany, and at the age of nineteen years Left his native conn- try for America. He was first engaged at farm labor in Missouri and Cook county, Illi- nois. In 1862 he enlisted in Company T, One Hundred and Fifth Illinois Infantry, for throe years, was mustered into service at Chi- cago, assigned to the Army of the West, under Genera] Sherman, took part in the hat- ties of Resaea and Lookout Mountain, with Sherman on his march to the sea. and was honorably discharged at Atlanta, Georgia, in 180.", having had many narrow escapes from death. After the close of hostilities Mr. Mesenbrink resumed fanning in Cook county, Illinois, and the following year removed to Jackson county, Iowa. In ls~2 he bought 240 acres of his present farm in Crawford county, to which he has since added until he now owns 480 acres, all under a good state of cultivation. He has several acres of shade and ornamantal trees, ft good one-and-a-half story residence. 28 \ 18 feet, with an L, 24x 16 feet, a tine barn, 44 X 12 Feet, and all other necessary buildings. Mr. Mesenbrink was married in Jackson county, Iowa, in 1868, to Sophia Harms, a native of Illinois and a daughter of Henry Harms, one of the early pioneers of Jackson county. By this anion there is six living children: Rosina, now Mrs. Fred Qniad, of Stockholm township); Henry I,., Fred C, I', te II.. Mary and Emma. In lssO the mother died, and four years later the father married Miss Minnie Keyser, a Dative of Sas ony, Uermany, and a daughter of William KevM-r. who came from that country to Craw- Ford county, Iowa, and then went to Dakota, where he died in 1890. This wife died in 1885, they having been married 1U81 one year to the day, and in Crawford county Mr. Mesenbrink married Miss Sophia Krohn. a native of llolstoin. Germany, and a daughter of Dethlef Krohn, a resident of this township. Mrs. Mesenbrink died May 19, 1891, leaving one child, Sophia. Our subject has taken an active interest in politics, voting with the Re- publican party until recently, and he now affil- iates with the Prohibition party. He has served as a meinher of the School Board, al- though he has never sought public office. He is a self-made man, and was one of the first 6ettlers of his township, which he named in honor of his old home in Germany. HE CHARTER OAK TIMES was started in 1887 by J. E. McMullen, who operated the same very success- fully for some time, when he was succeeded by F. L. Hills and L. B. Jenness, August, 1891. These gentlemen conducted the paper in partnership until October 1, 1892, when the plant again changed hands, the owners now being L. B. Jenness & Co., with L. I!. Jenness as editor aud manager. Under the present management the paper cannot but be a success, as Mr. .leiiness is a young man of much ability. Although but twenty-one years of age he couples his seven years ex- perience in newspaper work with the natural ability of an intelligent mind and his paper already shows the result of his work. It is one of the newsiest and cleanest little sheets in this part of the State, and is a credit alike to the editor and the town. Mr. Jenness is alert to secure all items of interest and is well posted on all the leading CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 315 topics of the day. The patrons of the Times can congratulate themselves in having so good a man in his line at the head of the paper. The outward appearance of the paper has im- proved lately, as it now comes to its readers as a six-column quarto. "£=^> -5=ffc- M. C. NORTH, one of the prominent and enterprising citizens of Crawford county, was born in Yorkshire, En- gland, April 29, 1859, a son of Thomas North, a native of the same place. He was married in that country to Anna Elizabeth Clark, also a native of Yorkshire. Our subject was a lad of ten years when the family, consisting of parents and eight children, came to the United States, locating in Clinton county, Iowa, where the mother afterward died. She left eight children, as follows: Thomas H., of Denison township; Frances E. McCnl- lough, of this township, section 27; William, of Antelope county, Nebraska; James M. C, our subject; Gr. E., of section 34, Milford township; Anna E., wife of Oscar Johnson, of Pierce county, Nebraska; Herbert H., of section 35, this township. The father and children remained in Clinton county until 1876, when they came to this county and made one of the largest and most valuable farms in the locality. The father now resides at Plainview, Pierce county, Nebraska, aged sixty-nine years. He has been a farmer all his life; is a Republican in his political views, and religiously was reared in the Church of England. J. M. O, our subject, remained at the home farm until 1884, when he came to his present place. He now owns 240 acres of rich and valuable land, has a good house, 14x22 feet, with an addition, 14x20 feet, one and a half stories high. He has a beauti- ful grove and orchard, a barn 24 x 32 feet, and all other conveniences necessary for a well-regulated farm. He was married Febru- ary 4, 1883, to Miss Celinda E. Chapman, a woman of intelligence and education, and a daughter of Tracy Chapman, of this county. Mr. and Mrs. North have two children: Frank Leslie and Celinda Frances. A. DIETER, a prominent and extensive stock-feeder, of Crawford county, was born at Canton, Ohio, December 24, 1858, a son of George Dieter, a native of Germany. The latter was nine years of age when he came to the United States, and he now resides at Vail, Iowa. Our subject's mother, nee Ellen McKim, was born in New York city, and died at the age of thirty-six years, leaving five children, three sons and two daughters. J. A. Dieter, the second child in order of birth, was reared and educated at Canton, Ohio. After completing his education he engaged at farm labor and other work until 1878, and in that year removed to Jackson county, Iowa. In 1881 he came to Crawford county, first purchasing 160 acres of land of Adolph Pound, later forty acres of a Mr. Federson, and in 1891 bought 360 acres of land, known as the James Isabell farm, one of the best known and most valuable farms in this part of the county, and about a year later, 120 acres known as the D. Isbell farm. Mr. Dieter now owns 640 acres of land, which is well fenced and improved; has a model two-story residence, beautifully fur- nished, and located on a natural building site, and also has large barns and sheds. His farm is well watered by creek springs and :;in thi> beautiful farm he has good barns for his stock and grain. The main ham is 1C> x 44. The premises are well watered with line springs of water. He carries on general farming and stock-raising aDd takes pride in carrying onh the better grade of cattle, the Durham especially. He is one of the leading men of his township, having held the im- portant offices of School Director and School Trustee. Politically he is a Republican, and served his country in the late struggle, enlist- ing in the Third Wisconsin Cavalry Decem- ber 14, 1862. His marriage occurred February 18, 1860, to Miss Mary E. McIIenry, born in Alle- gany county. New York, October 1, 1834. They have a family of two children living and one deceased: Hellen L., born September 8, 1861, died December 14, 1877; Louis M., born August 20, 1865, has been engaged in mercantile business, also butcher business, was engaged in railroading for three years, taucdit school two years in this county, and was married January 1, 1889, to Miss Ella Clark, born at Anfi Arbor, Michigan, Octo- ber4, 1866; Jesse, born -Inly 26, 1869, at home. Mr. Coon is a member of the First Baptist Church of Dow City, and he and his family are representative people of this part of the county. AAA A M SMITH, owner and proprie- tor of the Central Roller Mills, [da Grove, Iowa, is another one of the representative citizens of Ida county, and a man of whom it is appropriate that Borne mention be made in this work. Mr. Smith succeeded Wilkinson & Smith in the milling business, this firm having sue- ceeded lJniwn A: Ream. Mr. IJrown w- the fonnder of the plant and erected the building, a two-6tory structure, in 1883, it being a buhrstone mill, and having a capacity of forty- barrels. In 1887, after it had passed into the hands of Wilkinson & Smith, it was changed to a roller mill, and its capacity increased to sixty barrels per day\ Since Mr. Smith has had full control of the mill he has erected a new engine house, removed the old Blide valve and replaced it with a Reynolds-Corliss en- gine. This mill is now one of the best in the county, and its product, the "Ivory Pat- ent." -White Pearl" and "Oasis" brands, finds ready market in this and adjoining counties, sum - of it being sold as far south as Shelby county. Mr. Smith also does a large exchange business. He employs three men in the mill. In connection with his nulling business he handles hard and soft coal and all kinds of feed. William Smith dates his birth in Perry county, Pennsylvania, April 7. 1852. He is a son of John and Sarah (Bauserman) Smith, whose remote ancestors were Germans. He was reared on a farm in his native State. At the age of eighteen he started out in life on his own responsibility, and since that time has been chiefly engaged in the milling busi- ness. When he was twenty-live he came West and located in Sac county, Iowa, where he engaged in farming one year. Then he moved to Battle Creek, Ida county, and for five years and a half was engaged in the mill- ing business there. His next move was to Ida Grove. Here he took charge of the mill then owned by Brown it Ream, being em- ployed by them for more than a year. Feb- ruary 12, 1NS5. in company with William Wilkinson, he purchased the plant, and the m ''I CRAWFORD, IDA AJfD SAC COUNTIES. 325 business was continued by Wilkinson & Smith until the spring of 1889, since which time Mr. Smith has been sole proprietor. As a citizen Mr. Smith stands high in this community. Politically he affiliates with the Democratic party, and is now (1892) serving his second term as a member of the City Council. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. Mr. Smith was married in January, 1883, to Miss Matilda J. Shearer, of Dellville, Penn- sylvania. They have had a family of five children, four of whom are living, viz.: Sam- uel M., Sarah E., William W. and Jennie B. Emily H., the third-born, is deceased. -t: JlgjON. D. CARR EARLY, a widely known fiffl| and highly respected pioneer of' Iowa, -nM residing in Sac City, with the best in- terests of which place he has been identified since 1856, was born in Brown county, Ohio, April 21, 1830. His parents were Andrew and Fanny (Summers) Early, both natives of Kentucky, the former of Irish descent, and the latter coming of an old Virginian family, whose ancastors were among the earliest set- tlers of that State. The father was a farmer by occupation and lived for many years in Ohio, where he died. The subject of this sketch was educated at Stringtown Institute, Bethel, Ohio, after which, when about twenty years of age, he began the study of law in the office of H. L. Penn, of Georgetown, Ohio,. While pur- suing this, study, he was part of the time engaged in teaching. In 1852 he wa^ ad- mitted to the bar of the Supreme Court, in Columbus, Ohio, and shortly afterward came to Iowa. In 1856 he located in Sac City, boasting at that time of about two or three log houses and a log schoolhouse. He pre- 26 empted a tract of land in this vicinity, and while waiting to prove up he was principally engaged in improving the land. He after- ward returned fo Ohio, arid for one term taught school in Kentucky. In 1857 he re- turned to Iowa, where he. was for a short time employed in teaching, which occupation he discontinued to accept the appointment of Deputy Treasurer and Recorder of Sac county. On the expiration of his term of office, in the fall of that year, he was elected Treasurer and Recorder, which position he continued to hold for seven or eight consecutive years, which indorsement fully testifies to his worth and ability. When his term expired he was elected County Judge, serving one term. He has, during all this time, been more or less largelv interested in real estate, which busi- ness he now follows.. He has been identified with every important enterprise of this city, his aid being much sought by local organiza- tions. He had been a director of Sac County Bank since its inception, and for ten years acted as its president, bringing to his posi- tion a ripe experience and judicious judg- ment. It may be truthfully said that he has contributed as much a,s any one man to its present prosperity. He was first married in 1859, to Harriet Wren, and they had two children: Ossian C. and Walter F., the latter now deceased, as is also the devoted wife and mother. In 1865 Judge Early married Sarah A. Wren, and they have had four children, two of whom survive: Qnincy Eugene; Lulu May, deceased; Lulu May, attending school in Philadelphia; and Cady, deceased. Judge Early has been allied with the Republican party ever since the second elec- tion of Lincoln, and was a Blaine elector in 1884. Socially he affiliates with the A. F. & A. M. and I. O. O. F. BIOGRAPHICAL I/lsTOItF OF A- pioneer and progressive citizen the Judge has aided materially in rescuing the city from her former condition of isolation and dependence and placing her on ;i tirm footing of commercial prosperity. |-}i;oK. CHARLES EL JUMP. Thesub- ject of this Bketch lias held the respons ible position of principal of the public schools of Early since September, ls'.i^. The school- are divided into three grades and the Professor is ably a.-sisted by his wife, who ha> charge of the intermediate department, In comparing the enrollment of t lie non-resi- dent pupils for the first four months of the year 1892-'93, with that of the nine months of the year 1891-'9:J, it will be found that the former averages 63.5, while the other aver- ages 84. I'nder the skillful management of Prof, .lump the school is steadily improving and will soon have the largest enrollment of uou-resident pupils in the county, as it has now the second. The school has a fine library and is well supplied with good ap- paratus. Prof. Jump came to Sac county in 1SS*,I, although he did not enter directly into edu- cational work until September, 1890, when he assumed charge of the Auburn schools, remaining in that capacity until called upon to occupy his present position. Previous to his locating in Sac county, Prof. Jump had been identified with the schools of Erie county, Ohio, for some nine years, coming directly from Sandusky to Sac county. ( >ur subject was bom in ( 'ana joharie. New York.. I une 26, L864, sonof Amos and Nancy iWawful) Jump, natives of New York, the former of whom removed in 1886 to Huron county, Ohio, -ettling at East Townsend, where he still resides, and i- engaged in the manufacturing business. The mother dii I in Cau a joharie, New York, in 1868. Our Bubject received his education in the Univer- sity of Ohio, taking the classical course. Later he took a course at the National Com inercia] College at Oberlin, graduating with the class of 1884. Since that time he has successfully engaged in teaching. Before settling in Iowa he made several trips to Sac county and was so well pleased with the country and people that he decided to settle there. Prof. Jump was married in Sac county, • lul\ L3, 1890, to Miss Estella May Booth, a native of Henderson county, Illinois, but was taken by her parents to Ida county, when eleven years of age, and educated in Ida Grove. After finishing her education sheen- gaged in teaching in Logan township for a year or so, when she was engaged by the Board of Directors in Blaine township, and taught there for about the same time. In 1891 she assumed charge of the primary de- partment of the Auburn schools, and since September, 18SI2, has had charge of the inter- mediate department at Early. She is a lady of fine intellectual attainments, and is a favorite with both pupils and patron.-. Prof. Jump is very active in all educational matters; is Secretary of the County Associa- tion, and has served very creditably a.- In structor in the Sac County institutes. He makes a specialty of penman-hip and is a verv excellent teacher of the art. One of the best known educators of the Northwest, in speaking of Prof. -lump, made use of the fol- lowing language: "In point of scholarship, he is clear, concise, and broad. His experi- ence extendi over several yours. His repu- tation a- an instructor and as a disciplinarian is excellent." Socially lie is connected with CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 327 the Lodge of St. Elmo, No. 462, A. F. & A. M., and a member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. Mrs. Jump is a very efficient and popular member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and a faithful worker in the Sun- day-school. Both the Professor and his accomplished wife are deservedly popular among the good people of Early, and the school under their skillful management bids fair to become one of the best of its size in that portion of the State. L. WADE, who resides near Wall Lake, in Clinton township, Sac county, Iowa, is one of the representative men of bis vicinity. He settled on his present farm in 1884. Mr. Wade was born in Lucas county, Iowa, in November, 1860. His father, G. H. Wade, a native of New Jersey, is a son of U. S. Wade, also a native of that State, and is now a resident of Clinton county, Iowa. His mother, nee Sabra C. Clark, was born in Dela- ware county, Ohio. She is a daughter of Barnabas Clark and a niece of Alvin Clark, the telescope-maker. They trace their ances- try back to the Pilgrims who came to this country in the Mayflower The subject of this sketch and his sister, Eleanor, wife of Thomas B. Leinbaugh, of Elwood, Clinton county, Iowa, are the only living members of his father's family. His father, G. H. Wade, is a carpenter and a farmer, and in politics is a Republican. At the age of four years C. L. Wade moved with his parents to Clinton county, where he was reared. In March, 1884, he went to Madison, Nebraska, and took claim to a tract of land. In October, of that same year, how- ever, he came back to Iowa, and since then has been identified with the interests of Clin- ton township, Sac county. Settling on his present farm, he at once began its improve- ment. Now he has a comfortable home, a story and a half, 14 x 22 feet, with an L,12 x 18 feet, and has a nice young grove and orchard. He was married December 26, 1883, in Clinton county, Iowa, to Ada F. Eckman, a lady of much intelligence and refinement, who received her birth and education in Clin- ton county. Her father, Levi A. Eckman, was born in Frederick county, Maryland, son of William Eckman, and her mother, nee Minerva A. Twiss, was born in New York and reared in Ohio. Her father died in his sixty-eighth year. He was a miller by trade, and was an early settler of Clinton county, Iowa; politically, a Republican. Her mother is now a resident of Madison county, Ne- braska. Mr. and Mrs. Wade have two chil- dren: Harry L. born September 15, 1884, in Madison county, Nebraska; and Alta L. born September 9, 1891, in Sac County, Iowa. Mr. Wade affiliates with the Republican party. He has served as a member of the School Board and is at present serving as Township Clerk, having been twice elected to this office, in 1890 and 1892. He and his wife are members of the Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church, and are also active Sab- bath-school workers. Indeed, Mr. Wade takes an interest in everything tending to im- prove the community in which he lives.. P. HARDY, of section 30, Washing, ton township, Crawford county, Iowa, ^■® a prominent farmer, and ex-soldier, was one of the very early settlers of the county. He was born near Bangor, Penob- scot county, Maine, November 30, 1843, the 828 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF t-. mi of Benjamin Hardy, a native of Maine, of English and Irish stock. The Ilardys were lumbermen. The mother of our Bnbject, Eliza (Nevins) Hardy, died when he was a babe, leaving four children, viz.: A. N., Mar- tin A., Lewis E., and our subject. Lewis was a soldier in the Seventh Maine Infantry, served four full years and now lives at Kent, Washington. Our subject was reared on the home farm and received his education in the common schools of the district. In August, 1861, lie eidisted in the same regiment as his brother, in Company I, serving four years and two months, his first baptism of tire being at York- town, under General McClellan, on the ground where the proud Cornwallis surren- dered to Washington. Following this he took part in the battles of Williamsburg, White Oak Swamp, the seven days' battle, second Bull Run, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Savage Station, Mine Run, Wild- erness (where he was wounded in the right ankle), and Spottsylvania (Mr Hardy lost a thumb in this battle). He finally participated in the grand review at Washington. Hon- orably discharged in August, 1865, lie re- turned to Maine, but within a few months wenl to Scott county, Iowa, where he lived until 1869, when he came to Crawford county and settled on Pretty Prairie, being one of the lirst to locale there. The land he bought was wild, but earnest work has developed it into one of the very best in the township, a well- improved farm of 320 acres, having on it a house one and one half stories, 1.6x24 feet, with an L, 14x10 feet, one Btory high. About it are a yard, lawn, orchard grove, barn, crib, granary, feed shed, windmill for water, and feed lots. On the farm are pasture, meadow and plow land-, and everything in prime condition. Our subject was married, at the age of twenty-eight, to Mary .1. Scott, at Denison, Iowa, a woman of good family, who was born and reared in Canada, the daughter of Will- iam Scott, of I'nion township, and of Emma (Davis) Scott, deceased. Mi. and Mrs. Hardy are the parents of eight children, namely: Edna, wife of Prank Taylor, hardware mer- chant of Dunlap, before her marriage a very popular teacher; Emma Mabel, Clarion De Witt, Leslie M., Zella E., Herbert A., Elsie M., and Maynard M. Mr. Hardy is a member of the lludd Smith Post, G. A. R., having been a charter mem- ber; also a member of the United Brethren Church, as well as his wife, he being a class teacher and Sunday-school Superintendent. He is an active worker in church and school, and an industrious man in his secular affairs. Our subject is frank, amiable, sociable, honest and much esteemed. AVID Mi CORD, late of Paradise town- ship, Crawford county, Iowa, was one of the early settlers of this township and one of its leading citizens. It is there- fore appropriate that some mention should be made of him in this work. David MrCord was born in Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1839, son of Allen and Nancy (Hezlep) McCord, Datives of Pennsylvania, and of Scotch-Irish descent. He was reared to farm life. In I860 he came West and located in Douglas county, Illinois, where he subsequently met and mar- ried the lady of his choice. In 1872 they came to Crawford county, Iowa, and located on Paradise creek, where he was one of the first settlers. Here he improved one of the best farms in the neighborhood. In 1888 he CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 329 built a modern two-story residence, 16 x 24 feet, with two Ls, each 14 x 16 feet, and bay window and veranda, it being well finished and furnished throughout. The farm has a nice grove and an orchard of two or three acres. The barn, 40 x 50 feet in dimensions, was built in 1879; cattle shed, 50 x 120 feet: crib and scale house, 28 x 36 feet. The whole arrangement of the premises, from the build- ings to the fields and fences, indicates intel- ligent management. This farm contains 200 acres and is, indeed, one of the very best in the township. Mr. McCord was a prominent farmer and stock-raiser and dealer. In 1891 he made twenty-four trips to Chicago with stock. April 8, 1863, Mr. McCord married Miss Jenny Schouten, who, previous to her mar- riage, was engaged in teaching in Douglas county, Illinois. She was born in Saratoga county, New York, and was fifteen years old when her parents, James and Mary A. (Nes- sle) Schouteu, also natives of that county, moved to Illinois. Her father and mother subsequently came to this county, and here they both died, — her father died in May, 1892, aged seventy-three years, and her moth- er in November, 1889, aged sixty-nine years. They had three children: Jenny McCord, Hannah M. Duncan and William N. Schouten, of Dow City. Mr. and Mrs. McCord had five children, namely: Mary, wife of Robert. Grayson, of Piatt county, Illinois: Elbert N., who married Ida Bixler, daughter of Isaac Bixler; and Addie C, Nannie J. and Alma A., at home. Mr. McCord was politically a Republican. He was a man of general information and broad and progressive views, and while he was a believer in religion and Christianity he was not a member of any church. He was honorable and upright in all his dealings with his fellow-men, and was regarded as a most worthy citizen. He died January 7, 1892, and in his death the family lost a kind husband and father, and Paradise township an honored citizen. Mr. McCord's parents moved to La Crosse, Wisconsin, in 1874, where his father died in September, 1875, aged sixty-four years. After his death his mother made her home with him. She died January 19, 1892, at the age of eighty- three years, just twelve days after the death of her son. -i^sinfis- -tfinns^- W. HARDING, attorney at law, § Charter Oak, Iowa, was born in Nova 9 Scotia October 27, 1863, son of Sim- eon and Margaret (Mclnhae) Harding. His parents are descended from English and Scotch ancestors, and are now residents of Shelburne county, Nova Scotia. Young Hard- ing was reared and educated in his native country, completing his studies at Wolfville College. Prior to his entering college he taught school, in that way earning the money with which to complete his education. In 1883 he began the study of law under the instructions of F. B. Wade, of Bridgewater, of Nova Scotia, with whom he remained un- til 1887. Mr. Harding dates his arrival in Charter Oak, Iowa, in August, 1888, and upon his arrival here his only capital was his pluck and his determination to succeed in life. Being a foreigner he was obliged to remain in this country two years before he could be ad- mitted to the bar. October 8, 1890, he was admitted at Des Moines to practice in all the courts of the State, he being next to the best in a class of twenty -four applicants. It is a fact worthy of note that he is the first Nova Scotian ever admitted to the Iowa bar. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF Mr. Barding's first case was a "hog" case, in which some of the best talent in this part of the State was employed, and in reference tn hie connection with this -nit we make the following extract from the Crawford County Bulletin: •■Mr. P. \V. Harding, of CharteTOak, made his first appearance before the Crawford Dis- trict Court in the somewhat famous 'hog cases ' of Rose vs. Kronke Brothers — a legal scrap which bids fair to rival the notorious .limes county 'calf case. He appeared for the defendants, and by his able conduct of the case, as well as his forcible, terse and pointed argument to the jury, in which he exceeded the most sanguine expectations of his friend-, lie won the hearty congratulations of his confreres and the bar generally. The Bulletin notes this success with pleasure, and predipts for Mr. Harding a bright fu- ture." From the very first his success was assured. He has steadily continued to rise, and al- though he has been a resident of this place only a comparatively short time he has made many Friends and acquaintances, and his marked ability as a lawyer is recognized by all who know him. * Mr. Harding was married December 24, 1890, to Mis- Maggie M. Kevan, of Dow City, Iowa, daughter of Charles and .Jane Kevan. who are of Scotch ancestry. Pre- vails to her marriage Mrs. Hardin^ was en- gaged in teaching at Dow City, occupying next, to the highest position in the schools there. She lias since been devoting herself to the study of law in her husband's office, anil i- now engaged in practice with him. Mr. Harding is a Knight of Pythias and a member of the Baptist Church. His wife i- i member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In January, 1893, Mrs. Harding appeared before the Supreme Court of Iowa for admis- sion to the bar with ten male applicants. She ranked second in the class, being especially strong in the oral examination. She is the first lady in the State to pass the required examination and win a diploma. IM^ASSEIt & BLEAKLY.— The gro- "•'i/v'M cerv aI1( ' queen sware establishment iT-J^^S of Wasser A: Bleakly, of Ida Grove, Iowa, was formed in 1885 by R. S. Wasser and J. L. Bleakly. They first opened busi- ness at the stand, where they continued until 1889, then removed to the brick building, opposite side of street, starting in with a stock valued at §1,500, which they have in- creased to the value of $4,000. They carry a complete stock of everything in their line, have the oldest house of that kind in the city, and now occupy a building, 24 x 75 feet, with basement. R. S. Wasser, the head of the firm, is a native of Northumberland county, Pennsyl- vania, born November 17, 1860, a son of Joseph B. and Susan A. Persing Wasser, who were natives of Pennsylvania, of German and Scotch extraction. The parents died when our subject was eighteen years of age upon a farm located in Poweshiek county, Iowa, where he grew up on the farm and attended the district schools until coming to Ida Grove, where he entered business. At that time he first went into business with his brothei'. Lot E., and for one year the firm name was Wasser Brothers, after which it was changed to Wassor & Co., for another year, and then took the present name of Wasser & Bleakly. Mr. Wasser has been one of the active business men of the city CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 331 and has built up a large and profitable trade in his line. He is an active man, politically aud socially. In the first connection being a Republican and in the latter a member of I. 0. 0. F., No. 259, Ida Grove Lodge. Mr. "Wasser married September 19, 1888, Miss Mollie L. Dutcher, a daughter of Mrs. Mary A. Dutcher, a native of Franklin Grove, Illinois, but 6he died August 11, 1891, aged twenty-six years. Mr. Wasser is connected with the Presbyterian Church, where he has been chorister of choir for several years and Trustee of the church. He was one of the principal promoters of the organization of the Y. M. C. A., at Ida Grove, having a mem- bership of 150, and Secretary of the same. £ > IP A. ABBOTT & SON, grain merchants and dealers in coal, ice, wood, flour, l a etc., is a firm well known in this part, of Iowa. At their plant in Charter Oak, which they established in 1886, they have one of the best equipped elevators in the western part of the State. It has a capacity of 20,000 bushels. They have three other stations, namely: Ute, Kenwood and Bell, and annually do a large amount of shipping from each of these four points, the business being under the immediate supervision of E. G. Abbott, the son, an enterprising young man of twenty-seven years. He came to Charter Oak in 1887 and took charge of the business, and the success he has achieved is sufficient evidence of his ability. He operates the only wood yard in the town, runs a saw here, aud employs five men in Charter Oak the year round. E. G.Abbott was born in Baltimore, Mary- land, son of E. A. and Adrianna Abbott, natives of Baltimore, Maryland, and New York State, respectively, and now residents of Marshalltown, Iowa. Their family is com- posed of one son and two daughters. The Abbotts are of English extraction and are Episcopalians. E. G. Abbott was eight years old when his parents moved to Marshalltown, and there he was reared. He is a graduate of Shattuck School, Faribault, Minnesota, hav- ing completed his course there in 1885. Since that year he has been engaged in business with his father, and since 1887 has been a resident of Charter Oak. He is thoroughly identified with the interests of this town, is Republican in politics, and is regarded as one of the most progressive and public-spirited men here. He has erected one of the finest residences in Charter Oak. Mr. Abbott was married August 7, 1889, to Miss Ada Packerd, daughter of Governor S. B. Packerd, of Marshalltown, Iowa. She was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, and was educated in Europe. They have two sons: Edson and Bennet. M. CRISWELL has been identified with the interests of Crawford county, ® Iowa, since 1873, when he settled on a farm of 280 acres in section 23, Charter Oak township. This property he has de- veloped into one of the finest farms in this part of the county, operating it chiefly as a stock farm. He keeps full-blooded Durham cattle and Poland-China hogs, and annually handles large numbers of stock cattle, buying and selling and furnishing the supply to feed- ers in this part of the county. In 1887 Mr. Criswell erected a two-story frame residence, one of the nicest homes in the western part of the county, it being located just outside the corporation limits of Charter Oak, while :;:;„• mouUM'llh' 1/ EIST0R7 OF a portion of his farm is within the corpora- tion. Hi- has a good barn Eor stock and grain purposes, and his premises are supplied with water-works. He bas Imught and sold sev- eral other farms, and now owns a number of town properties in Charter Oak, which be rents. While giving his chief attention to his farming and stock operations, Mr. Oris will is also engaged in the real-estate, loan and insurance business, having his office in his brother's clothing establishment. Mr. Criswell was horn in Blair county, Pennsylvania, February 2, 1851, son of Ben- jamin and Catharine (Edelblute) Criswell, natives of Pennsylvania and descendants of early settlers of the Eastern States. When he was a year old his parents moved to Iowa and settled in Scott county, where his father still lives. ILis mother is deceased. The subject of our sketch was reared on a farm in Scott county, and completed his education with a two years' course at Cornell College, Iowa, lie taught school three years prior to Leaving home in 1873, and one year after his marriage cultivated the home farm. Mr. Criswell was married March 19,1872, to Mis- Flora I!. Hart, daughter of Hiram A. and Mary J. i M<-< i nine) Hart, of Clinton, Iowa. The Hart family came from Indiana to Clinton county, Iowa. The mother is now living in Crawford county and the father is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Criswell are popular in the social circles of their town, and are worthy and consistent members of the Methodi.-t Episcopal Church, he being secre- tary of the Hoard of Trustee.-- of the church. Mr. Criswell affiliates with the Democratic party; has officiated in the capacity of Super- \ isor of the county three years and Chairman of the Hoard tWO years; if. at present a . I no- tice of the Peace and Chairman oi the Hoard of Education. Fraternally he is associated with the following order-: A. F. & A. M., Sylvian Hodge, No. 507; K. of P., No. 221, of which he is Hast Chancellor; and I. < >. I >. F., No. 105. RLIN II AHA IX >N is one of oldest set- tlers of Hoyer Valley township and one who has taken great interest in the de- velopnientof the town of Early and surround- ing country, lie was born in Rutland count}-, Vermont, March 13, 1839, son of Eli and Maria (Perkins) Ilaradon, natives of Vermont. The father was a farmer who emigrated, in 1845, to Du Page county, Illinois, making the trip with teams, being three mouths on the road. After two years' residence in the State he removed to Will county, Illinois, where he opened up a farm on Government land. There young Orlin, our subject, was reared and educated in a public school, together with a family of five children, three boys and two girls: Eli, dr., the oldest, is now a resident of the town of Early; Frances, wife of Josiah Carpenter, of Sunnier. Bremer county, Iowa; Orlin, our subject; Angelina, who (lied at the age of twenty-one; Marvin, married and re- sides in Early. In 1S53 Mr. I [aradon, our subject, married Parna Hart, a native of Branch comity. Mich- igan. In two short years she died, leaving a little girl only nine months old, who died when three years of age. Mr. Ilaradou's mother soon followed them to the grave, and in the same year he came to Iowa, settling in Bremer county, and mar- ried in 1860, at Fredrickdburg, Iowa, Miss Mary Ann Hart, daughter of .la-nn and Cla- rissa (Nelson) Hart, natives of Pennsylvania, who removed to Branch county, Michigan, at an early day. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 333 Mary Ami was a younger sister of Parna Hart (the first wife) who were left orphans when but small children, Mary Ann a mere babe. Their only surviving brother, Wesley, enlisted in 1862, Company K, One Hundredth Regiment, Illinois Infantry, for three years, or during the war. His death occurred at Nashville, Tennessee, in January, 1863, of measles. Mr. Haradon and wife settled on a farm in Bremer county, Iowa, near Wilson's Grove, and commenced life in real earnest. The country was then almost a wilderness. The nearest town was West, Union, twenty miles away, and that but an inland town, with post office at the same place. A yoke of oxen was his only team at that time, and at sunrise he might be seen well on the road crossing the prairie to West Union for a few groceries and to get his mail. There was not a house after leaving Wilson's Grove until almost at the town. It was nothing unusual in the winter time for the snow to tall three or four feet deep on a level, and at such times it was im- possible to drive a team across the prairies without a road, and when obliged to go to town Mr. Haradon and one or two of the neighboring men would adjust their snow shoes and strike out for West Union, making the round trip during the day and bringing home on their backs whatever their purchases might be. Wheat was the main marketable crop at that time, and as soon as the wheat was threshed the farmers set about hauling it to market, which meant to load their wagons with sacks of wheat, put a cover on the wagon, hitch on two or three yoke of oxen and drive to McGregor, a distance of sixty miles, camp out and cook their meals by the wayside. They would often make the round trip with- out spending a cent or stepping inside of a house, leaving home Monday morning and reaching home again Saturday night. Some- times they wonld get as high as 50 cents a bushel for their wheat. Of course money was scarce at that time and labor cheap, and Mr. Haradon thought himself in luck if he could get a job at chopping wood or splitting rails for 50 cents a day and take his pay in wheat or other farm produce. Mr. Haradon hauled the most of the fencing for his farm from the Wapsy timber with oxen, a distance of six miles, eating a cold and often frozen lunch at noon, making one trip a day. It was nothing unusual in the Wapsy timber to see an Indian, with gun in hand, bounding past him on a fresh deer track, and quite often there would be a deer shot in Wilson's Grove. Finally, in 1866, Mr. Haradon sold his farm in Bremer county and removed to Benton county, Iowa, where, in partnership with his brother Eli, he set up a blacksmith and wagon shop in the then near town called Norway Station, which was successfully carried on for several years. In 1868 he was called home to Will county, Illinois, to care for his sick father and old grandfather, his father being then past sixty and his grandfather ninety-seven years of age. They both died in 1869, the father only surviving the grandfather a few months. In the fall of 1871 Mr. Haradon rented the old homestead (it having come into his posses- sion at the death of his father) and removed to the then wild and uncultivated State of Kansas and took up a homestead of 160 acres of land in Cloud county. The same fall the prairie tire swept through, bringing desolation to the country and leaving many homeless, burning hay and whatever came in its way. At that time Mr. Haradon and family were staying in a tent while .their house was being built, and it was only by throwing wet quilts over the tent before the fire came up that the tent and goods were not burned. The family took refuge on a strip of breaking expecting 834 i:i~m g|ENJAMIN GREENWALT, a prosper- ous and highly respected citizen of Coon Valley township, Sac county, Iowa, his post office address being Grant city, is ranked with the early settlers of the township, he having located here in 1872. Mr. Greenwalt dates his birth in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, March 13, 1828. His father, Abram Greenwalt, also a native of Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, was a son of Abram Greenwalt, Sr. Greatgrandfather Greenwalt was a miller by trade, and during the Revolutionary times was captured while on the road with a four-horse team. The Greenwalt family originated in Switzerland, and they came from that country to America, first settling in Philadelphia and afterward in Lehigh county. The maiden name of Benjamin Greenwalt's mother was Mary Fuslman, and she, too, was a native of Lehigh county. His parents reared a family of ten children, four sons and six daughters, and the mother died when Benjamin was ten years old. The father was subsequently married to Rebecca Ricart, by whom he had four sons and two daughters. One son, John, who served in a Pennsylvania Regiment during the late war, was killed in the battle of Gettys- burg. The father died in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, at the age of seventy-six years. He was a farmer by occupation; in politics, a Democrat; and in religion, a member of the German Reform Church. Benjamin Greenwalt was reared chiefly in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, where he learned the trade of stonemason. At the age thirty-two he came West to Oneco, Illi- nois, where he worked at his trade for some time. In 1801) he bought 120 acres of land in Coon Valley township, and broke fifty acres of it before settling here in 1872. He has since added to his original purchase until now he is the owner of 280 acres, all under a high state of cultivation. Among the improve- ments he has put upon his farm we note the following: a story and a half residence, 16 x 26 feet, with an L, 18x14 feet; barn, 30x40 feet; tenant house, 16 x 24 feet; barn, 40 x 40 feet; grove and orchard. He gives much at- tention to stock-raising. Mr. Greenwalt has been twice married. First, he married Miss Mary Sherbondy, a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania; of their three children, one is deceased. The others are: George and Cora. The former is married, has four children, and lives in Sac city, this county, and the latter is the wife of Arthur Teskey, of Rock county, Minnesota. Mrs. Greenwalt died in November, 1864. June 10, 1865, Mr. Greenwalt married Mrs. 33li BIOGRAPHICAL lllsruUY OF Susannah Wolf, widow pf Daniel Wolf, who was killed at the battle of Champion Hill-. Mr. Wolf left one child, Sarah, who afterward married Marion Irwin, and died about eigh- teen months after their marriage. Mrs. (Jreen- wait, nee Zerbe, is a daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Wertz) Zerbe. Mrs. Zerbe died in Stephenson county, Illinois, leaving three children, one son and two daughters. Two of her sons, William and George, were in the late war; the former was discharged on ac- count of ill health and died about six years afterward, and the latter, a twin brother of Mrs. I rreen wait, was wounded at the battle of Champion Hills and died from the effects of the wound. Mr. and Mrs. Green wait have had four children, three of whom are living! Jennie, wife of Marion Irwin, and has six children; Clara, a graduate of the high school at Sac city, is now engaged in teaching; Benjamin T., Jr.; and Mary, who died at the age of eight years. Mr. Green wait is independent in his po- litical views. He has served as Township Trustee and also as a member of the School Board. Both he and his wife are members of the Freewill Baptist Church. During the war Mr! (ireenwalt enlisted, August, 1862, in the Ninety-third Illinois Infantry. Company (t, and was in the serv- ice twenty-seven months. He was honorably discharged November 16, 18(>4, at St. Louis, Missouri. • :-.©©+7 H. SMITH, attorney at law. of 11 ol- Btein, Ida county, Iowa, has been en- s'* g a ged in the practice of law in this city for seven years. He is a native of the North of Ireland, son of Mathew and Mar garet (Mcllhose) Smith, of Scotch descent. When our BUOJeot was but a child, the family removed to America and located in Henry county, Illinois, in lSI>f>, from which place they went to Story county. Iowa, in the Bpring of 187o. Here it was that the parents died. The father and mother were both members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Sr., reared a family of seven children, of whom five are now living, namely: Samuel S., a resident of Zearing, Story county, Iowa, where he pursues his trade of carpenter; William M., a resident of Cambridge, Illinois, an attorney at law; James S., of Zearing is a merchant; Hugh 1'., is a miller at Holmes- ville, Nebraska; Robert H., oursubject; John, deceased in infancy ; and John M., deceased when twenty-four years of age, in Rome, Georgia, where he had gone for the benefit of his health. Our subject was reared to farm life, and re- ceived his early education in the public schools of Illinois and Iowa. At the age of nineteen he entered the Simpson's Centenary College at Indianola, Iowa, where he took a literary course and then entered the Iowa Law School, at I. wa City, from which insti- tution he graduated June, 1882. After his graduation he located at Miller, South Da- kota, where he engaged in the practice of his profession for three years. In the spring of lssci was appointed Deputy District Attor- ney, and retained the office until the Legis- lature created the office of County Attorney. In the spring of 1885 he came to Holstein, where he has since remained engaged in the practice of his profession. He also deals in real estate. Mr. Smith practices in all the courts, both State and Federal in the State. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M . Al- pine Lodge, No. 471; Eastern Star, No. 83, and I. O. O. V.. I'inroy Lodge, No. 490. Politically, he is a Republican. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 337 Mr. Smith occupies an office in the Hol- stein Savings Bank building, and is a man who enjoys the respect and esteem of all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. j^HANCY D. MILLER, one of the repre- sentative citizens of Crawford county, was born in Tompkins county, New York, January 4, 1846, a son of Andrew J. Miller, a native of the same State. The latter's father was a Revolutionary soldier. Our subject's mother was formerly Marilla Searles, a native of Massachusetts. Her father was one of the early settlers of that State, and his death occurred at the age of ninety-four years. Andrew J. Miller and wife moved to the Western Reserve, in Ohio, in 1852, and later to Lenawee county, Michigan, where the father died at the age of eighty-four years. He was a farmer by occupation, a Republican in his political views, and religiously a Bap- tist. The mother afterward came to Crawford county, and her death occurred here at the age of eighty-one years. The parents had nine children, three sons and six daughters. Chancy D. Miller was a boy of six years when his lather went to Ohio, received a good education at Bellevue, that State, and was nineteen years old when they removed to southern Michigan. In 1871 he came by team to Crawford county, settling on a farm near Deuisan, afterward removed to that city, and in 1880 bought his present place of 138 acres. His farm is now under a line state of cultivation, has a beautiful residence, 14 x 22 feet, with wing, 16 x 20 feet, one and a half stories high, surrounded bv a handsome and well-kept lawn. Mr. Miller has all the con- veniences necessary for a well-regulated farm, and is one of the most progressive and suc^ cessful agriculturists and dairymen in Craw- ford county. He is one of the principal pa- trons of the Denison Creamery, and much credit is due him for the success of that enter- prise. Mr. Miller was married in Lenawee county, Michigan, at the age of twenty-one years, to Miss Marcia T. Butler, a daughter of Flavel and Jane (Baldwin) Butler. The mother was a daughter of Elias Baldwin, a prominent pioneer of Michigan. Mrs. Miller was a pro- minent and successful teacher before her mar- riage. Our subject and wife have four chil- dren: Ethel T., a teacher of Crawford county; Arthur William, Albert E. and Ed F. Mr. Miller is a Republican in his political views, has served as Secretary of the School Board nine years, and as Township Clerk two years. Religiously both he and his wife and two sons are members of the Baptist Church, and socially he affiliates with the I. O. 0. T., in which he has a State commission as Lodge Deputy. Mr. Miller favors education and religion, and the famjly are highly respected by all who know them. C. SHAW, Justice of the Peace of Hayes township, Ida county, was 9 born in Oneida county, New York, June 8, 1827, a son of William B. and Laura (Reed) Shaw, natives of Connecticut. In an early day the parents removed to Oneida coimty, New York, and in 1851 the father purchased a farm in Benton township, Lake county, Illinois, which he improved. His death occurred there in 1879, and his wife died in 1869. They reared a family of seven children, live now living: W. O, our subject; Amoret, wife of Elijah Simmons, of Lake county, Illinois; Orrin, a farmer of Floyd 338 HlixUiAPHiCAL 1I1STOHY OF county, [owa, and a resident of Nora Springs, that county; Jnliet, wife of Elisha Dow, of Oregon; and Lucy, now Mrs. Myron Brown, of Polk county, Nebraska. W. C. Shaw, the Bubject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native county. In 1848 he removed to Columbia county, Wisconsin, where he cleared a timber tract, and remained there until 181)4. In that year be engaged in farming in Clayton county, Iowa, in 1864 went to Lake county, Illinois, and in 1876 came to Ida county, Iowa. Mr. Shaw immediately purchased 160 acres of laud in section 36, Hayes township, which is now well improved, and to which he has since added 160 acres more, also giving his sons eighty acres each. He has a good barn, 32 x 78 feet, 16-foot posts, and has de- voted two acres of his place to an orchard and shade trees. In his political views our subject takes- an active part in the Repub- lican party, and has held the position of Jus- tice of the Peace since 1886. In Herkimer county, New York, in 1858, Mr. Shaw was united in marriage with Mrs. Ann L. Ladd, a native of that county, born June 1, 1833, a daughter of Cephus and Sophia (Locklin) Johnson, the former a na- tive of Massachusetts and the latter of Ver- mont. In an early day the parents located in Herkimer county, New York, where thev spent the remainder of their lives. Our sub- ject and wife have four children, namely: William EL, born July 14, 1859, married, and resides in Blaine township, Ida county; Marion J., born March 24, 1862, wife of Walter C. Jones, of Silver Creek township; Everett A., born October 2'J, 1864, at home; and Anna L., born October 26, 1874. Mr. Shaw has 6pent the greater part of his lite on the frontier, ami is one of the early pioneers of Hayes township. He came to Ida county bet',, re the advent of the railroads here, has witnessed nearly the full development of Blaine and Hayes townships, has passed through the grasshopper raid, and has always taken an active interest in everything for the good of his township or county. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodi-t Church. fM. LEWIS, a successful farmer of Maple township, Ida county, was born in Steu- * ben county. New Fork, June 8, 1847, a son of Samuel and Fannie (Compton) Lewi-. The father was a well-known early pioneer of Scott county, Iowa, ami a son of a Revolu- tionary soldier. The mother died when our subject was nine years of age, leaving a fam- ily of nine children. One son, Rnnyen, was a soldier in the late war, and died at Jackson, Mississippi. F. M. Lewis, the subject of this sketch, came to Scott county, Iowa, when a boy, where he was reared and educated, making his home with Henry Winney, and in 1864 went witli him to Tama county, this State. In 1871 he rented land in Ida county, and in 1874 moved to a homestead in Osceola county. In 1876 he bought and settled on his present farm of 132 acres, located three and a half miles west of Battle Creek. Mr. Lewis has a good residence, one and a half stories nigh, l(ix24 feet, with an L, 12 x 12 feet; a barn, 24 x 24 feet; a grove and orchard of small fruits. Hiafarm is divided into four fields, and Morehead creek flows through the land. II.' was married in November, 1875, to Phoebe Tilloteon, a native' of New York, and a daughter of Sanford Tillotson, deceased. Mrs. Lewis came to this county with her CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 339 brother iu February, 1874. Our subject and wife have three children: Fannie J., Carrie Bell and Sanford S. Politically Mr. Lewis affiliates with the People's party, but never aspires to office. Both he and his wife and children are members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, of which he is a Steward and Trustee, and also holds an office in the Farm- ers' Alliance. Mr. Lewis is one of the rep- resentative men of Maple township. -^iSlSlfl/- -IflSln^- jILLIAM FLEMING, another one of the intelligent, prosperous and well- to-do farmers of Crawford county, re- sides on 140 acres of land in section 28, Stockholm township. He has been identified with the interests of this county since 1873, and is well known here. Mr. Fleming was born in Scotland, Decem- ber 31, 1850, son of Rev. James and Isabelle (McClellan) Fleming, his father being a Pres- byterian divine, well known in his native country. Until he was sixteen our subject had the benefit of excellent educational advan- tages, which he improved, and at that time sailed for New Zealand, where for three years he was a shepherd on a large ranch, and dur- ing that period experienced many thrilling adventures. He then made a voyage around the world, after which he returned to his home in Scotland and from there came to America. Upon his arrival in the United States, Mr. Fleming came direct to Vail, Crawford county, Iowa, where he had acquaint- ances, and bought land two miles and a half from Vail, on which he engaged in farmincr. He subsequently sold out and bought his present property. His frame house is 14 x 20 feet, a story and a half, with a one-story L, 14x18 feet, and his barn is 34x45 feet. His other buildings, fences, etc., are all kept in good order and the general appearance of his premises indicates thrift and prosperity. He gives his attention to general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Fleming was married in Sac City, Iowa, in 1883, to Mary Currie, a native of Argyle, Scotland, and a daughter of Duncan and Mary (Smith) Currie, both natives of Scotland. Mr. Currie is deceased and Mrs. Currie now makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. Fleming. Mr. and Mrs. Fleming have five children: James, John, Mary, Grace and Jessie. Politically our subject affiliates with the Republican party. He has served his district as a member of the School Board and also as Road Supervisor. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church at Vail. Being a man of close observation, and having traveled ex- tensively, he has a general store of informa- tion, and is withal an interesting converser and a genial companion. He favors the ad- vancement of moral, educational and religious interests, and by all who know hi in is regarded as an upright and worthy citizen. -*& ILBERT S. USHER, a prominent citi- zen of Battle Creek, a pioneer of Iowa, and an ex-soldier of the late war, forms the subject of this article. Mr. Usher dates his birth in Ashtabula county, Ohio, September 22, 1837. The Ushers in America are descended from two brothers, Joseph and Aaron Usher, of English and Scotch origin, who settled iu Vermont at an early day and subsequently moved from there to New York. Seymour Usher, the father of Gilbert S., was born in Chenango county, New York, and the mother of our 340 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF subject, it" Maria Gardiner, was also a na- tive of that State. Seymour Usher, when a boy, went with bis parents to Ohio. Both lie and his father were millwrights by trade, and the latter built some of the first mills in Ashtabula county. In 1839 Seymour Usher and his family came to the Territory of Iowa and settled in Linn county, near Marion. He built the first mill on Little Spring Creek. In Linn county he and his good wife reared their family and spent the rest of their lives, his death occurring at the age of sixty-four years, and hers at sixty-three. Their family was composed of eight children, five sons and three daughters. Three of the sons served in the late war, namely: Gilberts.; David, who was a member of the Eighth Iowa Infantry, Company D, died in 1865; and Henry H., who served in the Twentieth Iowa Infantry, is a resident of Linn county, Iowa. Gilbert S. Usher was reared on a pioneer farm and conned his lessons in one of the primitive log schoolhonses of Iowa. In July, 1862, in answer to Lincoln's call for "300,000 more," he enlisted in Company I, Twentieth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and during his service participated in many of the promi- nent engagements of the war, among which were those of Pine Grove, Vicksburg, Port Hudson, General Banks' expedition on the Rio Grande, Fort Morgan. Duvall's Bluffs and Mobile. He was honorably discharged at Mobile, Alabama, and was paid off at Clin- ton, Iowa. Returning to Linn county, Mr. Usher was engaged in a wagon and repair shop for sev- eral years. Then he turned his attention to farming there and remained in Linn and Benton counties until 1881. That year he came to Ida county and bought a tract of land in Grant township and on it engaged in farm- ing. He improved two of the best farms in Grant township— 373 acres. This land he now rents, he bavins retired from active life to a comfortable home in Battle Creek. When he was twenty-two years of age Mr. Usher was married in Linn county, Iowa, to Amanda Marsh, a native of New York, and a daughter of Ellison P.. and Huldy Marsh. They have ten children, four sons and six daughters, viz.: Mary E., Ada M., ErmieG., David E., Herbert M., Huldah Anna, Mal- vina Jane, Gilbert Nelson, Delia and Elsie M. Politically, Mr. Fsher is identified with the Republican party. He and his family are at- tendants at the Methodist Episcopal Church, he being one of the supporters of the same. Frank and genial with all he meets, tew men in Battle Creek have more friends than he. -^iSlSl/is- ■l/isms*- iATT SCHUMACHER, a well-to-do and highly respected farmer residing %&£* in Charter Oak township, Crawford county, Iowa, was born in Ehine province, Germany, October 13, 1839, son of Francis and Cathrina Schumacher. He was brought up to work in the vineyards of his native land and remained in Europe until he was thirty-two years of age. In 186<> he was united in marriage to Miss Cathrina Creuz- berg, who was born in 1815, and in 1871 they came to America. Arriving in the United States Mr. Schu- inacher came direct to Iowa and located in Clinton county, where he remained until 1879. That year he came to Crawford county and located on his farm of 120 acres in sec- tion 17 of Hanover township, he hav- ing purchased this farm in 1874. He lived on this place, however, only two years. He then sob] out and moved to Monona county. Two years later he went back to Clinton JaJU*>tua4./5 .£>juJ£ CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 341 county, and the following year moved from there to dishing, Woodbury county, being for three years in the employ of a lumber company at the latter place. He was also engaged in the lumber business while in Clinton county — altogether eight years in this business. His next move was back to Monona county. In February, 1889, he moved to his present farm, 120 acres, in Charter Oak township. He also owns a farm of 160 acres in Soldier township. He now devotes his time and attention to general farming and stock-raising. He keeps Dur- ham stock and milks about eighteen cows. Politically, Mr. Schumacher is a Democrat. He takes an active interest in local affairs. He is a member of the A. O. U. W. Mr. and Mrs. Schumacher are the parents of nine children, whose names are as follows: Anna, Caroline, Katie, Frank, Gertie, Henry, William, Bertha and Louisa. The family are members of the Catholic Church. |YLVANUS B.CREEK, a resident of Denison and one of the well-known pio- neers of Crawford county, has been a prominent factor in developing the resources and advancing the best interests of this sec- tion of Iowa. Of his active and useful life the following record is made: S. B. Greek was born in Canisteo, New York, December 35, 1826, son of Nathan and Margaret (Norton) Greek, who were of Scotch and German origin. Soon after his birth the family moved to Allegany county a,nd when he was nine years old they located in Chautauqua county, same State. His father dying when S. B. was quite small, the latter was early thrown upon his own re- sources. When he was seventeen he spent 27 one season on the lakes, and in the fall landed in Chicago. On his arrival in that city, a green boy, he had but $5 in money. He bought a cap for $1.25, and in making change the merchant gave him a worthless $3 bill, leaving him with but seventy-five cents in good money. He paid a farmer fifty cents for carrying his trunk to Rock Island, and with the remaining twenty-five cents bought bread and meat. He set out on foot for Rock Island and followed Black Hawk's trail the entire distance, sleeping on the open prairie at night, as he was, without means witli which to pay for his night's lodg- ing. He landed in Rock Island penniless. There he had expected to go on the river,' but, not liking the appearance of the river men, he concluded to try farming and 'hired out to a man for the winter, at $9 per month. In the spring he rented his employer's farm, and cultivated it one year. Then he went to Whiteside county, Illinois, where he was variously employed for several years. He served three months in Scott's army. After that he worked at the carpenters' trade and also, learned the trade of machinist. Mr. Greek was married in December, 1850, to Miss Lncina Goodrich, a native of New York State. A year or two after marriage they moved to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and eight- een months later to Butler county. Mr. Greek's next move was to Crawford county. He brought with him four yoke of cattle, three cows, three yearling calves, and a pair of horses. .His was the first wagon to cross from Fort Dodge by way of Sac City to this part of the county, and with his faithful wife and two small children he landed here in September, 1855. In June he had located a tract of eighty acres in section 30, Milford township, and on this they settled in Septem- ber. Here he built a hewed-log house, 342 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF 14x16 Eeet, which is still Btanding, now being used as a corn-crib. For Eonr years after settling hero -he was engaged in breaking prairie. B\ honest industry and arood management he was enabled Erom time to time to make additions to his original claim until he had between four and live hun- dred acres in one body, besides owning sev- eral other tracts of land. He lias, however, disposed of the most of his farming land, re- taining only 265 acres, forty acres of this being timber. This farm is well improved. Its large two-story residence, with spacious porch, its fine barn, good orchard, etc., com- bine to make it one of the most desirable places in the vicinity. When this farm con- tained 400 acres Mr. Greek fenced it all with a substantial rail fence, the rails of which he split and hauled from the woods himself. Retiring from the active duties of farm Life, in 1887, he moved to Denison, where he has since resided. lie had lived on bis farm all these years, witli the exception of four years spent in Denison during the Rebellion. Since leaving the farm he has spent some time in traveling in the South and on the Pacific coast. While in California he oc- cnpied a suite of rooms at the Le Grand and took his meals at the Palace Hotel, a with' contrast to his condition when tramp- ing his weary way alone along old Black Hawk's trail across the prairie to Rock Isl- and, penniless, friendless, footsore and hun- gry. He own- several pieces of valuable property in Denison, his residence being one of the most attractive homes in the city, beinu' elegantly furnished throughout. Mr. (ireek is one of the largest stock holders in the Fair Association, owning half of the stock. Politically, he is a stanch Re publican, lie served as School Director seventeen years, Township Treasurer seven- teen years, Trustee fourteen years. Deputy Sheriff two years, and Justice of the Peace for a time. Mr. Greek never had a day's schooling in his life, all the education he has having been gained in the school of ex- perience, but he made a most efficient of- ficer. When he moved to Denison he re- signed from the various positions be had held so lone, and has since been retired. When he resigned his official position as Township Treasurer of Milford township, the Township Board passed resolutions of regret, also com- mendation on the manner in which bis books had been kept, as he turned over one of the neatest and most perfectly kept set of books the township had ever received. Mr. Greek has a family of five children, namely: Seba I., a hay merchant and shipper, Blenco, Iowa; Cyrus A., a member of the Stock Exchange of South Omaha; William. a druggist and stock-dealer of Wayne. Nebraska; Marvett, wife of John Cary, Dep- uty County Treasurer of Crawford county; Sylvanus B., a hay merchant of Blenco, [owa. The mother of these children died in 1876. In October, 1887, Mr. Greek married Mrs. Mary B. Kumsey, a native of Xew Orleans. She is a member of the Episcopal Church, while Mr. Greek is a Methodist. -^tn/} fis—^r-n/Wsi" F. DEWELL, who resides on a farm of L85 acres near CusluDg, in section 9 Creek IS, of Battle Creek township, Ida county, [owa, is one of the prominent and well-to-do men of the township and has been identified with the agricultural interests here Bince 1881. Mr. Dewcll is a native of fche 11 i State. He was born in Kosciusko county, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 343 December 20, 1853, son of Nathaniel aDd Winnie Ann (McHorae) Dewell. His father was a native of Ohio, and a son of Solomon Dewell, who was born in Pennsylvania, a de- scendant of Holland ancestors that had long o been residents of Pennsylvania, while his mother was a daughter of John McHome, who was born of Scotch ancestry, in New York. He was the third born in their fam- ily of five sons and one daughter. They came to Iowa in 1855 and located in Cedar county, being among the early settlers of that place. The father improved a farm near Clarence, spent his whole life engaged in agricultural pursuits, and died at the age of sixty years. Politically, he was at first a Whig and after- ward a Republican. The mother of our sub-» ject died at the age of thirty-two years. When M. F. Dewell settled on his present farm in 1881 it was all wild land. Now he has one of the best farms in the western part of Ida county. His modern two-story resi- dence, with its rock foundation, bay windows and verandas, is beautifully situated and sur- rounded with a lawn, dotted over with shade and ornamental trees. From his home a magnificent view of the surrounding country is obtained. He has a grove and orchard of four acres. His barn is 36 x 46 feet, 20-foot posts and stone basement. These improve- ments, together with well-cultivated fields, broad pastures and good fences, all indicate thrift and prosperity. Mr. Dewell was married at the a,ge of twenty-one to Miss Anna Van Buskirk, a na- tive of Maryland, and a daughter of Samuel and Lavina Van Buskirk. When she was twelve years old the family moved to Illinois, and four years later to Jones county, Iowa, where her parents now reside. She had one brother, John, who served through the late war in a Pennsylvania regiment and was wounded. He is now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Dewell have four children: Enoch I., Sylvester M., Victor G. and Elsie L. Mr. Dewell affiliates with the Republican party, and is a member of the I. O. O. F., at Gushing. He is a man in the prime of life, frank and genial, popular with all who know him, and is regarded as one of the most sub- stantial men of his vicinity. A. SEGER, a farmer of Garfield town- ship, Ida county, Iowa, was born near ® Erie, Whiteside county, Illinois, March 21, 1857, a son of Amos B. Seger, a native of Rumford, Oxford county, Maine. The father enlisted at Erie, Illinois, in the Seventy-fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry for three years; was wounded at Perryville, Kentucky, and his death occurred at Port Byron, Illinois, at the age of forty-nine years. The mother of of our subject, nee Hannali Noyes, was born at Cooper's Mills, Maine, and she also died at Port Byron, Illinois, in 1884, aged about fifty years. They wera the parents of eight children, five sons and three daughters. C. A. Seger removed with the fauiily to Rock Island county, Illinois, in 1865, when young, where he. was reared to farm life. He also spent sometime in the mines and on the Mississippi river. In 1882 he located on 160 acres of wild land in Garfield township, Ida county, Iowa, which he improved and where he has a good residence, a barn 32 x 46 feet, grove, orchard, mill, and other necessary im- provements. In his political views Mr. Seger affiliates with the Independent party; is the present Township Assessor, President of the Farmers' Alliance, and a member of. the Masonic order at Danbury, No. 387. He ■AA BIOGRAPHICAL BISTORT OF was made a Mason in Philo Lodge, No. 43(3, at Port Byron, Illinois, attbeageof twenty one years. In Rock [eland county, in 1879, our bud- ject was united in marriage with Miss Mary DeVinney. who was born, reared and edu- cated in that county, and a daughter of John and Fannie (Cook) DeVinney, residents of Rock Island county. To this union was born five children: Howard, DeRay, Jessie, Vin- cent and Lucy Pearl. Mrs. Seger is a mem- ber of the Eastern Star Lodge. ?AMES BROWN purchased Ins present (arm of 160 acres on section 25, Battle Creek township, Ida county, Iowa, Octo- ber 10, 1873, and since March 29, 1874, has lived upon it. As one of the prominent pio- neers of the county, it is appropriate that some personal mention be made of him in this work. Mr. Brown was born in Perry county, Ohio, January 16, 1843. His father, John Brown, was born in county Waterford, Ire- land, in 1800, and at the age of fifteen came to the United States, landing at New < hleans just after the noted battle at that place. He worked for seven years in the Carolinas and Georgia, and after that located in Perry county. < >hio, where he married Mary Clark, also a native of Ireland, she having come to this country when a little girl. When .lames was five years old he came with his parents to Jackson county, Iowa, and 6ettled on what was then the frontier. There his parents spent the rest of their lives and died, the father in 1862 at the age of sixty-two, and the mother at the age of eighty-three years. They had a family of thirteen children, nine sons and four (laugh- ters. The subject of our sketch waa reared on bis Father's frontier farm in Jackson county. and conned hie lessons in the little log school- house near by. At the age of twenty-five be was married, settled on a farm in that county, and engaged in agricultural pursuits there until 1874, when he came to his present lo cation and settled on wild land. He plowed the first furrow ever broken in the western part of the county, and improved the first farm in Battle Creek township. At the time he located here wolves and deer were plenty all around, and there was not a house between his farm and Morehead's at the Grove. Now he has one of the best farms in the township. \\\> comfortable and well-furnished house is beautifully situated on a natural building site and is surrounded with an attractive lawn, orchard and grove. His farm buildings are all first-class and kept in good order, anil every tiling about the premises indicates thrift ami prosperity. He devotes his attention to general farming and stock-raising. Like his father before him, Mr. Brown is Democratic in his political views. He served three years as County Supervisor, has filled all the township offices, ami is at present Township Trustee. Personally he has a strong physique and a genial and jovial nature. He is one of the most popular pioneers of Ida county. fc CLOUSE, an honored and highly respected pioneer of Silver Creek SSaS?^ township, was born in Alsace, (ier- manv, then France, in 1843,, Bon of Charles and Elizabeth (Fisher) Clonse, natives of the same country. They emigrated to America and Bettled in Erie county, New York. Grandfather Clonse also emigrated to this, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 345 country, dying in Ohio at the age of ninety- five years. Our subject, with his parents, made a temporary residence in Erie county, then emigrated to Dubuque county, Iowa, afterward returning to Webster county, Iow T a, opening up a farm in the latter place. His parents afterward removed to Fort Dodge, where the father died in 1880, but his mother is still alive, residing in Wheeler County, Nebraska. The early training of our subject, as well as Ms education, was principally received in New York State. Impelled by patriotism, Mr. Clouse enlisted at the age of twenty-one in Company A, Third Iowa Infantry. He participated in some of the most notable en- gagements of the war after being mustered in at Davenport, the first engagement being at the siege of Vicksburg, and he also took part in the battles of Red River, Shreveport, Peach Orchard, White River, Ball's Bluff and a number of minor engagements. He escaped imprisonment and wounds, and re- ceived an honorable discharge July 12, 1865, at Davenport, Iowa. Our subject was married in Dubuque county, Iowa, in 1869, to Miss Isabella Cun- ningham, a native of Galena, Illinois, daugh- ter of James and Isabella (Rogers) Cunning- ham, natives of Ireland, who came to America, settling in Illinois, at an early day, where her father died in 1865. The mother is still liv- ing, being a resident of Plymouth county, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Clouse have had five children, namely: Ada, Willie, Henry, Mag- gie and Ernest. Our subject settled in Ida county in 1874, on section 35, where he has since resided. His farm has springs and creeks, with ample water the year round. On this farm is a fine grove and an orchard of two acres. Mr. Clouse is a member of I. O. O. F., being con- nected withColumbia Lodge, Dubuque county, Iowa; is also an active member of G. A. R., Mathew Grey Post, Ida Grove. In politics he is a stanch Republican, always taking an active interest in election contests and voting for the best interest of the party. Mr. Clouse lost his estimable wife in 1888. He is highly respected by the citizens of his portion of the county. NELSON, an enterprising farmer and W highly respected citizen of We6t Side ' township, Crawford county, Iowa, has been identified with the interests of this place since 1874. Mr. Nelson was born in Horby, Malmo Lane, Sweden, March 9, 1836, son of Nels Pierson and his wife, nee Esa Anderson, both natives of Sweden, where they passed their lives and died. Their family consisted of one son and seven daughters. From the time he was five until he was eleven years old, the subject of our sketch attended school. He was reared on a farm and remained in his native land until 1867. At that time he sailed from Copenhagen for New York. Con- tinuing his way westward, he took up his abode near Princeton in Bureau county, Illi- nois. He spent a year there and then four years in Council Bluffs, Iowa, being employed at the latter place in the Council Bluffs Gas Works. After that he farmed near Crescent City three years. In 1874 he came to Craw- ford county and bought eighty acres of wild land in section 31, West Side township, where he now lives. He improved this, added to it, and is now the owner of 160 acres of fine land, and has one of the most beautiful homes in this part of the country. His story and a half cottage, with rock foun- 840 BIOGRjiTHICAL HISTORY OF dation and cellar, porch, etc., is surrounded with an attractive lawn, dotted over with flowers, shrubs and evergreens. Near by is a grove aDd orchard. His barn is 32x44 feet, with 12-foot posts; crib building, 22x32 feet; sheds and yards for cattle and hogs, all in good repair and perfect order. A creek running through his pasture affords abundant water for stock purposes. Besides cattle and hogs he also raises horses. In 1864 Mr. Nelson married Miss Inga Swanson, who was born and reared in Sweden, daughter of S. and Hannah (Nelson) Swan- son. Her mother is dead and her father is still living in Sweden. Mr. and Mrs. Nelson have five children: Anna Anderson, who lives in Sweden, her husband being a mer- chant there; and Mary, John, Alfred, and Tena, in Iowa. They lost two children by death, Charley and Nels, aged five years and fourteen months, respectively. Politically, Mr. Nelson is a Republican. Pie and his wife are Lutherans, but attend the Presbyterian Church. They are among the best citizens of the community in which they reside, and are held in high esteem by a large circle of friends. . [EORGE FRIOTT.— Among the early pioneers of Hayes township, Ida county, Iowa, who came to Hayes township in 1877, was the subject of this sketch. In 1873 he had bought raw land and in 1877 located upon the farm of 160 acres, where, in March, of that year, he built a frame resi- dence of one and one-half stories, 16 x 18, and some years later he built a better frame residence, 24 x 16, with a wine 20 x 14, and here he has devoted considerable attention to the growing of shade and fruit trees, and here lias a fine collection of small fruits. The birth of our subject took place in Franklin county, Vermont, in 1832, and he was the second in a family of ten children born to Joseph and Helen (Silverwood) Friott, the father, a native of Canada, and the moth- er, a native of England, who came to Canada when a child. The parents removed to Ver- mont, where they were married; the father carried on a business of farming and lived to the advanced age of ninety-six years, and the mother is still living on the old homestead at the age of eighty-six years. Of the fam- ily there are seven now living, as follows: Melvina, the wife of Alvinda Plant, of Ver- mont; George; Frances, who married and re- sides in Vermont; Orange, who married and resides in Vermont; Ellen, the wife of Fred Carlton, of Manchester, New Hampshire; Jay, who resides in the West; and Lovica, who is the wife of William Gove, of New Hampshire. Our subject was reared in Franklin county, Vermont, and was educated in the district schools there. In 1864 he enlisted in Com- pany A, Sixth Vermont Infantry, for three years or the war, mustered into the service at Burlington, Vermont, and was assigned to the eastern army, taking part in all the bat- tles of Petersburg, and then followed Lee until the surrender, remaining for some time at Field Hospital, Danville, City Point and Washington, thence to Montpelier and was discharged at Brattloboro, Vermont, in June, 1865, and then returned to Franklin county. Our subject was married in Franklin county, Vermont, in 1854. to Miss Luvia Courser, daughter of Edmund and Rebecca (Miller) Courser, natives of Thetford and Bradford, Vermont, where the father was a farmer and where he made his home. His CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 347 death occurred in 1875, in his eightieth year, and the mother survived him four years, dy- ing in 1878, at the age of eighty- four. Our subject has always been identified with the progress of the county, votes with the Republican party and has held the office of Township Trustee. He helped to survey Hayes Township into school and road dis- tricts. He is a member of Matthew Gray Post, G. A. R., at Ida Grove, and affiliates with the fraternity of A. F. & A. M. For four years Mr. Friott was Constable of the township. He has three children: Eliza, who lives in this town; Edmund, married to Miss Madge Carbine, of Chicago, Illinois, and is the foreman of a job printing office in Chicago ; and Georgie, the wife of J. T. Payne, of Hayes township. Mr. and Mrs. Friott are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and in this con- nection are most highly respected. They have seen the most of the growth and development of the county and have borne their share in it. They have here a fine farm and a beauti- ful home and think that the great State of Iowa is one of the garden spots of the United States. ffACOB H. GABLE, of Denison, Iowa, is ! one of the enterprising citizens of Sac county, where lie located in 1876, set- tling in Clinton township before a railroad had entered the county. Mr. Gable is a native of Newport^ Perry county, Pennsylvania, hav- ing been born there July 10, 1854, son of John and Elizabeth (Eby) Gable, of Pennsyl- vania, but direct descendants of German an- cestry. Both the father and mother of our subject are residents of Mahaska county, Iowa, where Mr. Gable, Sr. is a farmer and minis- ter of the German Baptist (Dunkard) Church, having served in that capacity for a number of years since 1868. Our subject came to Clinton county, Iowa, with his parents from Carroll county, Illinois, where they had resided for two years, having come to the Prairie State from Pennsylvania. He was reared to farm life and educated in the public schools of that day. Upon attain- ing his majority he came to Sac county, Iowa, and spent his first year in farming. He then assisted in constructing the grade for the Northwestern railroad, after which he clerked at Odebolt in a general store for about a year. Prior to this he taught the first school in Odebolt, Iowa, in a hall which was used for that purpose and the school was conducted under the subscription plan. In 1879 he ac- cepted the position of telegraph operator for the Northwestern railroad, at Odebolt, May, 1879, and remained here until September 14, 1879, when he was at Sac City for two months, and in December, 1881, was pro- moted to the position of agent at Irwin, which he held until February, 1884, when he was transferred to Denison, remained until 1888, when he was again promoted to the of- fice of traveling passenger agent for the F. R. & M. V. and S. C. & P. R. R, his territory comprising eleven States, and at times he is called upon to look after outside territory. Long experience, as well as natural adapta- bility, has made Mr. Gable very proficient in his work. Mr. Gable was married in Pennsylvania, December 28, 1880, to Miss Fannie A. Clouser, a native of New Bloomfield, Perry county, Pennsylvania, of German descent. Mrs. Gable was the daughter of Francis B. and Mary (Schwartz) Clouser, now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Gable are the parents of four children, namely: Francis J., Blanche E., IMS i;lni;i;.\t'lllCM. HISTORY OF Yida ami an infant; the two Latter arc de- ceased. Politically Mr. Gable is a Republi- can of tlu> stanehest type. Socially lie is a member ol' t he A. F. & A. M., beititr con- nected with Diamond Lodge, No. 422, Ark Chapter, .No. 89, Dunlap; Mt. Zion Com- mandery, No. 49; K. of 1'., Dawdell Lodge, No. '••(). He is also a member of the Inter- national Order of Railway Ticket Agents. Mr. Gable has always faithfully performed all the duties assigned him and is now giving entire satisfaction in his present capacity. fi >SEPfl FISHER, a farmer of Maple and Garfield townships, was born in Kalama- zoo county, Michigan, August 29, 1848, a son of William Fisher, a native of Danville, Pennsylvania, and a member of an old family of that State. The mother of our subject, nee Mary Ann Mercer, was born in New York, where she remained until 1831, and in that year removed to Michigan. The father died in the latter State at the age of sixty- six years. He was a prosperous stock-dealer by occupation, and was a Republican in his political views. The mother still resides at Schoolcraft, Michigan. They were the par- ents of four children, namely: Wallace, de- ceased; Seth, deceased; Ellen Sophionia Mil- ler, a resident of Schoolcraft, Michigan; and Joseph, our subject. The latter was reared in a village, later fol- lowed the trade of butcher, ami still later en- gaged in farming, in 1878 he removed to Black Hawk county, Iowa, but two years afterward returned to Michigan. Ho next purchased a farm of 122 acres in Garfield township, Ida county, Iowa, and since that time has bought four farms in that and Maple townships, now owning 637 acres of well improved land. In . I une, 1892, he pnrchased his present home, where he has a one and a half story dwelling. 1.6x24 feet, with an L, 18 x 20 feet, and an addition, 14 x 20 feet, also a fine barn, 40x4d feet, a windmill, stock scales, and other necessary farm im provemonts. Mr. Fisher's farm is well watered and adapted for stock-raising. lie was married in Schoolcraft, Kalamazoo county, Michigan, at the age of twenty-nine years, to Miss Jane Cooper, who was born, reared and educated there, and was a teacher before marriage. Her parents were Justin and Louvilla (Hazard) Cooper. Mr. and Mrs. Fisher have three son.-: William C, Rollo J. and Glenn M. Mr. Fisher votes with the Republican party, has served as Trustee of Garfield township, and both he and his wile are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. fOHN II. POTTIGER, Township Clerk of Logan township, was born in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, in 1841, a son of John and Susan (Mader) Pottiger, natives also of that county. The father, a butcher by trade, died in 1846, and the mother de- parted this life a short time previous. The grandparents came from Germany and settled in Berks county, Pennsylvania, and the name was at that time spelled Bade Dacher ,but was Americanized. Mr. and Mrs. John Pot- tiger were the parents of four children, two now living: Sarah, wife of John Thomas, of Ilarrisburg, Pennsylvania; ami .1. II. One son. David, who was reared in Dauphin county, enlisted in the cavalry service in the late war from that county, served about three years, and died on his way to Washington, District of Columbia, to be mustered out of service. The fourth child died in infancy. CRAWFORD, IDA AND 8 AC COUNTIES. 349 John H., the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native county, re- ceiving a common-school and academic edu- cation. He afterward taught school in Dauphin and Lebanon counties, and during that time also attended the Pennsylvania State Normal, at Millersville. In 1860 he began a commercial course in the Eastman College, at Poughkeepsie, New York, after graduating was engaged as hotel clerk in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, two years, was as- sistant distributing clerk in the post office of that city until 1864. In February of that year enlisted in Company I, Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, for the war, and was in the Fourth Army Corps, under General Thomas. He joined his regiment at Nash- ville, Tennessee, was in the hospital in that State for some time, was clerk of the Army Department, and was honorably discharged at Harrisburg, in 1865. After returning home Mr. Pottiger was employed as steward in a large hotel about five years, next as sales agent for the Philadelphia & Reading Coal Company, throughout Pennsylvania, Mary- land, Virginia and District of Columbia, dur- ing five years, after which he took the posi- tion of sales agent in a wholesale shoe busi- es ness. In 1879 he purchased eighty acres of raw land on section 32, Logan township, Ida county, Iowa, which he put under a fine state of cultivation and sold. He then purchased and improved eighty acres on section 5, Cor- win township. Mr. Pottiger has one and a half acres of his place devoted to an orchard of plums, cherries and grapes, and ornamental trees, all surrounded by a grove. He was married in Lebanon county, Penn- sylvania, in 1863, to Miss Sarah Youtz, a native of Lebanon county, that State, and a daughter of Anthony and Margaret Youtz, natives also of Pennsylvania, but both now deceased. The father died in 1867, and the mother in 1891. Our subject and wife have four children, namely: Jennie B., wife of Robert H. Todd, of this township; Flaurett, wife of S. C. Blackman, manager of the Green Bay Lumber Company, of Early, Sac county; John M., also engaged in the lumber busi- ness in that city; and Harry H., at home. Mr. Pottiger has witnessed many changes in Ida couuty, has taken an active interest in politics, voting with the Republican party, has served as Township Clerk since 1884, and has been a member of the School Board. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Logan Cen- ter, of which Mr. Pottiger is one of the stewards. tYMAN MORRIS, of Deloit, Iowa, was born in Wyoming county, New York, in 1839, son of Lyman, Sr., and Loretta (Brockett) Morris. His father died in 1849. His mother is now a resident of Deloit, Iowa, and is eighty years old. Mr. Morris was reared and educated in Warsaw, his native county, and at the age of eighteen came West to Illinois and settled in Henry county. In 1865 he moved to Iowa and established his home at Deloit. He now has a fine, well -improved farm of 160 acres near the town, a large portion of it rich bot- tom land bordering on Otter creek. He has a five-acre orchard, nice grove, good build- ings, and everything kept in first-class order, and raises fine stock of all kinds, such as horses, hogs and cattle; also chickens. At the age of twenty-one Mr. Morris was married in Henry county, Illinois, to Anna T. Hembey,a native of Little Rock, Arkansas. They have four children: Lillie, Jennie, Nel- 350 BIOORAPUIOAL UrSTORT OF lie and Levies. Lillie is the wife of Steven Newton, of Milford township; Jennie is a school teacher; Nellie is a school and music teacher. Mr. Morris affiliates with the Democratic party, and is now serving as Township Tins tee and Soldiers' Commissioner of this county. He and his family are people of worth, and are held in high esteem by their many friends and acquaintances. IOAH V. JOHNSON, a pominent and well-known settler of Crawford county, was born in Clay county, Missouri, Oc- tober 22, 1833. His father, Noah Johnson, died of cholera in 1883, and left a widow and three children, viz.: Eliza and George Jacob, deceased; and Noah V., our subject. The mother afterward married Levi Skinner, and they moved to Pattawattamie county, Iowa, they came to Crawford county, where they were also early settlers. Noah V. Johnson, our subject, received only a limited education, and in early life worked for Jessie Mason, a prominent old settler, and was the first man to break wild prairie with a plow and three or four yoke of oxen. The nearest market was Council Bluffs, seventy-five miles distant, and at that time there were no bridges. Mr. Johnson's first dwelling was a log cabin, 17x19 feet, where hospitality was dispensed with a lib- eral hand, but a good frame house now stands on the hill, 18x24 feet, with an L, 16x24 feet, one and a half stories high. He has a beautiful orchard of nine acres, and also a fine vineyard. In addition to his agricultural pursuits, he is also largely engaged in stock- raising. Our subject was married at the age of twenty, to Sarah .lane Mason, a daughter of Jesse Mason, a prominent pioneer settler of Crawford county, and from whom the grove was named. He died October 5, 1891, His first wife, formerly Malinda Edwards, died in Lee county, Iowa, and his second wife, Eliza Ann Jonnson, died June 25, 1865, in Crawford county, Iowa. Jesse Mason was born in Garrett county, Kentucky, was mar- ried in Hancock county, Illinois, and was the father of fifteen children. By his first mar- riage he had six girls, and by the second nine children. Noah Johnson's eldest child, David, died at the age of twenty-one years; and the second, Jesse Henry, at the age of twenty- eight years. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have twelve children liviirg, viz.: William R., of Arion, Iowa; Eli Alma, of this county; Sa- rah M. Cose, of Goodrich township; Levi Elmer, of Deloit; Louisa, wife of Lockwood Bantock, of Ottumwa, Iowa; Mary J., wife of Charles Myers, of Cedar county, Nebraska; Celinda Catherine, at home; Warren E., of Collingsworth, Texas; ElihuT., Morris E., Al- tha Ann and Milton A., at home. They lost one child, Eleanor, who died at the age of twenty- three years. Mr. Johnson has been a Dem- ocrat all hie life, and is a worthy member of the Reorganized Church of Latter-Day Saints. He is firm in his convictions of right and wrong, is honorable in all his business deal- ings, and is a prominent and respected citizen. B ALLAN DER, a farmer and stock- raiser of section 12, Hayes township, 9 Ida county, was born in Sweden No- vember 18, 1833, a son of Abram and Chris- tine (Anderson) Ilallander, natives also of that country. The father, a farmer by occu- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 351 pation, died in his native place in 1874, and the mother in 1889. They reared a family of four sons: H., our subject; Andrew, mar- ried, and resides in Dakota; Nels, a farmer of Sweden; and Abram, who also lives in Sweden. H. Hallander, the subject of our sketch, was reared and educated in his native country, where he worked at the cabinet-maker's trade. He was also a minister in the Baptist Church from 1858 to 1867. In the latter year he sailed for America, immediately lo- cating in Boone county, Iowa, and the same year settled in Crawford county. He was one of the first settlers in Stockholm township, purchased and improved a farm of eighty acres, and was also interested in farming in the Sweden colony in Crawford and Ida counties. He afterward sold his interest in the former county, and in 1874- purchased 160 acres of land on section 12, Hayes township, Ida county. Mr. Hallander has added to his original purchase until he now owns 280 acres of well cultivated land; in 1891 erected a fine two-story residence, 28 x 26 feet, with a wing; has a substantial barn, 32x48 feet, and about three acres of his place is devoted to an orchard. Our subject also has a fine vineyard, and much of his time is devoted to his orchard and shade trees. In addition to his other interests, he has also been engaged in ministerial work in this county, also estab- lished an organization in Crawford county, organized the church in Hayes township, but in 1889 withdrew from that line of work. He takes an active part in politics, voting with the Eepublican party until 1890, since which time he has been identified with the People's party ; has served as School Direc- tor and as Township Trustee four years. Mr. Hallander was married at Norrland, Hilgum, Sweden, in 1861, to Margaret An- derson, a native of that country, and a daugh- ter of Andrew and Christine Anderson, na- tives also of Sweden. She died in this county in 1887, and in 1889, in Hayes township, Mr. Hallander married Miss Eda Oberg, a native of Sweden, and a daughter of Andrew Oberg, of that country. To this union was born one child, now deceased. Our subject has witnessed nearly the full development of Ida county, and has always been active in promoting its best interests. fONAS COLLIN, a farmer and stock- raiser of section 23, Silver Creek town- ship, is one of the reliable and respected men of his county. He was born in Sweden on April 12, 1830, and received his early education and training in his native land, but as he advanced toward manhood, he conceived the idea of obtaininga fortune in a foreign land, so in 1869 he, with his family, embarked for America, and after landing in New York, they made their way to Iowa, settled in Benton county and re- mained there eighteen months, when they came to Marshall county, where they re- mained until the spring of 1880. At this time they finally settled in Ida county, where Mr. Collin purchased a farm of eighty acres, which he broke and improved. By his integrity, zeal and frugality our sub- ject has added to his original purchase, until he now is the possessor of a large tract of land, consisting of 440 acres, all of which is well improved. On this farm are two com- modious farm residences, large barns, good granaries and outbuildings, in which may be found a goodly number of stock. These resi- dences are surrounded by beautiful groves, 3oJ MOGHM'IIK'AI. lllSTOUY Oh' which adds greatly to the beauty of the land- scape. Fruit trees of different varieties may also be found in abundance. Our subject was married, in Sweden, to Miss Joliannali Segolson, who was born September 24, 1830. Nine children have been born to them, two of which died in youth: Safrien, born October 11, 1860; Anastena, born October 1, 1862, and died May 5, 1866; Gabriel, born March 24, 1865; Joel, born October 28, 1867; John Alfred, born April 23, 1870; Albertena, born February 1, 1873; Samuel, born February 14, 1875; Josephine, born February 4, 1877, and died duly 23, 1882; Albin, born April 3, 1871t. Mr. and Mrs. Collin are active members of the Congregational Church. In politics Mr. Collin is an ardent Itepublican, supporting the principles of the party under any and all cir- cumstances. Mr. Collin is the first of his family to establish himself in this country, and he is now one of the representative men of Silver Creek township. ,NDREW GARDNER, a resident of Crawford county, Iowa, was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, March 20, 1847, a son of John Gardner, who was born and reared in that State and of German de- scent, lie married Alfreda Fanney, also a Dative of Ohio. When sixteen years of age Andrew removed with his parents to Martin county, Indiana, where the father died at the age of sixty-three years, and the mother now resides with her son, Ozias, at Buck Grove, Crawford county, aged sixty-six years. In 1873 Mr. Gardner went to Madison county, Iowa, in 1*74 located near Vail, Crawford county, and two years later bought eighty acres of land. He added to that place until he owned 240 acres of well improved land, a beautiful residence and grove and orchard. He sold this farm in 1892, receiving $30 per acre. Mr. Gardner was married in Martin county, Indiana, to Rebecca McGuire, a daughter of Thomas and Rebeca (Bower) McGuire. Our subject and wife have had the following chil- dren: McGuire, Lydia, Charlie, Alvadore, Kay and Chester. Politically, Mr. Gardner is identified with the Democratic party, has served as Justice of the Feace and Township Clerk; and religiously, both he and his wife and daughter are members of the Methodist Church. He favors education and religion, and every good and worthy cause has met with his approval and support. APTA1N I. W. COLLAMORE, of the firm of Collamore it Campbell, leading business men of Manilla, was born in Knox county, Maine, December 26, 1825, a son of Lehbeus Collamore, who was born near Plymouth, Massachusetts, of Scotch descent. His ancestors extended back to the landing of the Pilgrims. His mother was a Wads- worth, a prominent family of Massachusetts, and relatives of the late General Wads worth. Our subject's mother, formerly Eliza Wince- henback, was born at the Tuttenat colony, Maine, and her parents were natives of Ger- many. Mr. and Mrs. Collamore remained in the latter State until death, the mother dying at the age of seventy-four years and the father at eighty-seven. He was a gallant soldier in the war of 1812, was elected to the rank of Captain, and was a popular and prominent business man in the town in which he lived. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 353 - I. W. Collainore, our subject, went to sea in early life, where he remained for twenty- three years, and during that time was ap- pointed captain of a vessel. He was in the West India and coast trade to New Orleans and a part of the time was engaged in taking cotton from the South to Havre, France. After Lincoln's call for 600,000 more men, he enlisted in the Twenty-first Maine Infantry, Company G, and took an active part in the battle of Port Hudson, where he was under fire nearly forty-seven days. He was later in the transport service; after the close of the war he followed the sea until 1870, and in that year came West to Carroll county, Iowa. In 1881 he went to Astor, this State, where he was engaged in trade until coming to this city. The firm now carry a good stock of groceries, boots and shoes, clothing and dry goods, and are doing an extensive business. o Mr. Collamore was married at the age of twenty-two years to Sarah Jordan, a native of Androscoggin county, Maine, and a daugh- ter of D. Jordan. Our subject and wife have three children: 1. W., Jr., of Council Bluffs, Iowa; Rose, wife of John Scheaer, of Ne- braska; and Nelly, wife of William Craw- ford, of Chicago. Mr. Collamore is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F., Manilla Lodge, No. 312, was Commander of the G. A. R. Post of this city, and is an active and zealous worker in both societies. He has the characteristics of a sailor and soldier, is frank and genial in his manner and a popular business man. ■-^lyi/l/h- -innsc^- lEV. EDD O'FARRELL, one of the well-known men of Crawford county, came to this city in 1890, and since that time has had charge of the Catholic Church. The church buildincr, 40 x 70 feet, was erected in 1887, under the supervision of Rev. H. Burns, who then had charge of the church. The parsonage is 16 x 24 feet, two stories high, with an addition, 16 x 24 feet, one and a half stories high. Both the church and parsonage are located on a natural build- ing site. Rev. Edd O'Farrell was born in Ireland in 1849, a son of James and Ellen O'Farrell. Our subject was reared and educated in his native country, and was admitted as a priest to the Catholic Church in 1874. The fol- lowing year be came to the United States, and the first two years had charge of the church at Blairstown, Benton county, Iowa; the following two years was at Fairfax, this State; next had charge of the church at Jef- ferson, and then at Temple Hill, where he erected a rock church at a cost of $15,000, and also a house for a priest. Mr. O'Farrell has always been an active and zealous worker for his church. fOSEPH P. DUNCAN, a well-known set- tler of Crawford county, Iowa, was born in Blount county, Tennessee, October 3, 1846, son of Joseph and Susan (Norwood) Duucan, of the same county, of Scotch de- scent. The family moved to Crawford county, Illinois, when Joe was a lad of seven years ; the father died in 1863, after this the mother moved to Areola, Douglas county, Illinois, where she still resides. On October 5, 1870, Joseph P. was married to Hannah M. Schouten, whose birthplace was Saratoga, county, New York, May 17. 1852; when she was five years old she came with her parents to Mo- line, Illinois, and afterward to Areola, Illi- nois. Her parents, James and Mary A. 354 mooitM'iiiiM. nisT<>Hr of [Nessle) Sehouton, both became residents of Crawford count \ . Iowa, and both died in this county. In 187:5 J. P., with his wife and one child, Anna, moved to Crawford county, [owa, and located on a farm of 120 acres, sit- uated in the pleasant valley of Paradise creek, Paradise township, and here have a pleasant home; the house being a cottage, the main part a story and a half, 14 x 24, one L on the north, 14x24, and kitchen on the east, 12x16, with groves and .-mall fruit. The barn is 46 x 104, and the cribs are 18 x 32 feet. He is still engaged in farming and stock-raising, having some good horses and colts of the Norman stock and about thirty head of high- grade cattle, headed by a thoroughbred Dur- ham purchased at the Iowa State Fair in 1891. The family now consists of seven children, ranging in ages from twenty to Jive years: Anna, .1. Henry, Edward P., Susie M., Ilat- tie M., Eugene N. and Jennie C. Anna, who is now the wife of Bernard Vollertsen, of Kenwood, Iowa, has one daughter, Garnett J. Joseph P. enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Illinois Infantry, March 2, 1864, and was a member of Company H, be- ing stationed most of the time in Missouri, and was honorably discharged at Mattoon, Illinois. He was, and still is, a Republican, and is a member of the G. A. R.,, Bud Smith Post, No. 464, Dow City, has served as Post Vice-Junior and Commander oi the Firing Squad. II. BUFFINGTON, proprietor ol a livery,' sale and feed barn of Manilla, ® was born in Herkimer county, New York, July 8, 1847, a son of Hesekiah and Emily (Wells) Burlington, also natives of New York. In L854 the family removed by railroad to Dubuque, [owa, and thru by wagons to Nebraska, locating where Lincoln now Btands, their nearest settlement or town being forty miles distant. On account of sickness the father decided to settle near Clinton, Iowa, where he died in 1866, and the mother passed away in this county. B. II. Buffington came to Crawford county, Iowa, in 1871, settling on wild land, six miles south of Vail, where he bought and improved a farm. He is one of the pioneer settlers of that neighborhood. He has one of the pop- ular livery barns of Manilla, located near the business center of the town, and is 47x50 feet, well arranged for the care of horses. He keeps good, speedy drivers and fine carriages. Mr. liutiington was married in Clinton county, Iowa, at the age of twenty-three years, to Miss Anna Willis, a native of En- gland, but was only seven years of age when she came to the United States. She was a daughter of George Willis. < )ur subject and wife have three children: Lemuel W., Charles. A. and Mattie Jane. Mr. Buffington is frank and genial in his manner and is an honor- able and popular business man. R) W. BUTTERWORTH, brick manufact- urer, Charter Oak, Iowa, has been l° identified with Crawford county all his life. He was born here January 21, 1856, son of R. D. and lsabelle S. (Mackinsie) But- ter worth. His father was horn in Lanca- shire, England, in 1816, and died in 18S1. in Crawford county, Iowa. His mother was born and reared in Birmingham, England, and she, too, died in Crawford county, Iowa. her death occurring in January. l^Ttl. at the age of fifty-five year-. They were married ill CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 355 St. Louis,- Missouri, and in 1855 came to this county and located in Union township, in what is now known as Hawerth's Grove. At this place our subject was horn, he being the second child born in the county. Here the father took a homestead claim and spent the greater portion of his life engaged in saw- milling. He was hy profession an engineer and finisher, which husineBS he followed in his native country and at St. Louis, Missouri. He was head engineer in a large sugar refin- ery for a number of years. A generous and public-spirited man, he took an active inter- est in the early growth and development of this county, and officiated in most of the township offices. He was a member of the .Reorganized Church of Latter- Day Saints, be- ing an Elder in the same. He and his wife had a family of seven children, namely: Isa- belle, wife of C. M. Wilder, Postmaster at Panama, Shelby county, Iowa, and editor of the Panama Herald of that place; Robert W., the subject of our sketch; St. Clair, who has a meat market at Dow City; Jennie, wife of James M. Baker, a farmer and a minister in the Church of the Latter-day Saints, at Dow City; James L., a farmer, Dow City; Cornelius A., a missionary of the same church to Australia; and Maria, wife of Charles Pratt, Crescent City, Iowa. R. W. Butter-worth was reared on the farm and in the mill with his father. After reach- ing his majority he turned his attention to farming exclusively for some time. Then until 1884 he was variously employed. That year he began the manufacture of brick on his own responsibility, having worked at the business prior to this, and has since that time followed the same almost exclusively. His yards are located southwest of Charter Oak. He turns out annually 300,000 brick. Hav-, ing located here in 1887, when Charter Oak was just starting, he has made all the brick used in building this little city. In the fall of 1892 he erected his present residence at the brickyard in Charter Oak. In connec- tion with manufacturing brick he has also been interested in farming operations. Mr. Butterworth was married December 20, 1876, to Miss May Busbey, who was born in Indiana, July 6, 1858, daughter of A. S. and E. M. (Webb) Busbey. They have four children: Grace A., Elsie B., Eugene and Frank, all at home. He is a Democrat in politics, and in re- ligion a member ef the Church of the Latter- Day Saints. 3* NDREW BELL is one of the enterpris- ing farmers and early settlers of Craw- ford county, Iowa, he having come to the county in 1855. His fine farm of 120 acres is located in section 28, Paradise town- ship, and his post office address is Bell. Of his life we present the following resume: Andrew Bell was born in Scotland, May 12, 1850, son of Sandlandes and Mary Agnes (Jeffrey) Bell, both natives of Scotland. The Bell family came to this country in 1855, and settled on a farm of 140 acres in Union town- ship, Crawford county, Iowa, where the father spent the residue of his life and died. Mr. and Mrs. Bell had eleven children, five of whom are now living, namely: Robert, Paradise township, Crawford county; Sand- landes, same county and township; Henry, Deputy Sheriff of Crawford county, Dow City; Andrew, whose name heads this article; George, on the old homestead. Three of the children, two sons and a daughter, died in childhood, and the other three reached adult years and died in this county. James left a :;.-»; j:ini;iiM>HICAL HISTORY OF widow and two children. John, unmarried, died at the old home. Mary Agnes, wife of Dr. Beatty, died in Dow City, Iowa. Andrew Bell was reared on a farm, and for a number of years was in the railroad employ. He was foreman of a fence gang for a time. For five years he was section foreman of the Northwestern railroad, a portion of that time living at Council Bluffs. He was foreman on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul road ten years. During his railroad experience he never lost more than three weeks' time. In 1891 he settled on his present farm, which is w T ell improved and kept in good order. His cottage home is 14x30 feet, with a kitchen, 8x20 feet. It it nicely located and sur- rounded by a grove and orchard of two acres; is convieniently near school and the town of Bell. Mr. Bell was married in this county in 1883, to Christena Glncketeadt, a native of Germany. Her father, Peter Glncksteadt, came to Crawford county in 1881, is foreman on the section force of the Chicago, Milwau- kee & St. Paul railroad, at Aspinwall, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Bell have two children: Henry and Andrew Beatty. Mr. Bell is frank and jovial with all and is well known as a man of strict integrity. Po- litically, he affiliates with the Democratic party. S1LLIAM H. RULE, who resides in Paradise township, Crawford county, his post office address being Bell, is one of the well-known and influential men of his community. Asa representative citizen and farmer of the township he is entitled to some personal mention in this work, and it is with pleasure we preseut the following sketch of his life: William II. Rule was born in Canada, No- vembers, 1 S51. His father, George Rule, was horn in Scotland in 1829,801) of William and Jean (Wood) Rule, both natives of Scot- land, and was six years old when the family came to this country and settled in St. Law- rence county. New York. Both "William and liis son George were millers by trade. In 1854 the Rules came West and settled in Clinton county, Iowa, being among the early pioneers of the county. Grandfather Rule had extensive milling interests there for many years. He lived to be eighty-one years old and died in Clinton county. Grandmother Rule passed away at the age of seventy-six. Both were worthy members of the Presby- terian Church. They had four children: George, John, William and Jeanette, wite of Captain Hall. George Rule was also extensively engaged in milling in Clinton county. He was a leading politician there, and was elected to the State Legislature of the Fourteenth General Assembly. He was one of the most active workers in securing the right of railroads in the county. At one time he was a railroad director. In 1876 he came to Dow City and bought an interest in the gristmill of Dow & Graves, and remodeled and refitted the same. He did a large business in it for some years. In 1870 he settled on a farm, where he died September 18, 1892. He was married in Canada to Miss Ellen A. Columbus, a daugh- ter of William Columbus who was descended from the discover of our country. Her mother, nee Nancy McCartj T , was born in Ireland and reared and educated in Canada. Her parents both died in Canada. They had a family of two sons, Isaac and James; and four daugh- ters, Ellen M., Martha, Anna and Elisabeth. George Rule and his wife have had nine chil- dicn, eight of whom are living, viz.: "William CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO OOUNTlES. 357 H., whose name appears at tlie head of this article; Agnes J. Goddard, of Dow City; John E., of Arizona; George 0., who is in a commission house in Omaha; Thomas J., at home; Ellen M., at home; Andrew L., of Charter Oak, Iowa; Lincoln A., a conductor on the Northwestern railroad. George Rule is a member of the Masonic fraternity. William H. Rule, like his father and grand- father before, him, learned the trade of a mill- er in his youth He received a good educa- tion, and was for a time successfully engaged in teaching. Previous to his coming to Craw- ford county, in 1879, he was engaged in mill- ing in Clinton county. After locating here he clerked awhile for L. E. Hardy, of Dow City. He then ran the Dunlap Mills for four years and a half, after which he was book- keeper in the Eagle Mills at Petersburg, Illi- nois, one year. Returning to this county at the end of that time, he settled on his present farm of 120 acres of fine land in Paradise township. This was in 1892. His two-story residence is 20 x 36 feet in dimensions, and is located on a natural building site. His barn, cribs, fences, etc., are all in good order and indicate the owner to be a thrifty and pros- perous farmer. Mr. Rule was married at Big Rock, Iowa, November 29, 1877, to Helen Bates, a native pf Hampshire county, Massachusetts, and a lady of culture and refinement, who, previous to her marriage, was successfully engaged in teaching. Her father, Clark Bates, was born in the same county, son of Henry Bates, a member of a prominent family of Massachu- setts. Her mother, nee Lucy Brewster, also a native of Massachusetts, was a daughter of Honorable E. H. Brewster and Sophrona (Kingnan) Brewster. Mrs. Rule's father died when she was seven years old, and her mother was subsequently married to F. J. 28 Parsons, of Clinton county, Iowa. She died in that county. Mr. and Mrs. Rule have six children, vix.: George Clark, born at Silver Creek Mills, Clinton county, Iowa, Decem- ber 19, 1878; James Garfield, at Dow City, November 28.1880; Emma Jeannette, at Dow City, September 23, 1882; William H., at Dow City, August 20, 1884; Fred Andrew, at Dunlap Mills, Dunlap, Iowa, December 5, 1886; and Thomas Winthrop, at Petersburg, Illinois, March 26, 1891. Mr. Rule affiliates with the Republican party, and is now serving as Township Clerk. Socially, he is a member of the Modern Woodmen. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. fSON. E. B. BAIRD, one of the prom- IjJ inent citizens of Ida county, Iowa, was born in Onondaga county, New York, November 6, 1837. His father, Andrew W. Baird, was born in Schoharie county, New York, son of Andrew Baird, a native of Scot- land. His mother, whose maiden name was Harriet Bramhall, was born in Onondaga county, New York, daughter of Edmund Bramhall, a descendant of English ancestry. She died when the subject of our sketch was four years old, leaving two children E., B. and Charles. The latter is now a resident of Syra- cuse, New York. After her death the father married her sister, Jane Bramhall, and they had one child, Willard. The father died in Onondaga county, New York, at the age of seventy-five years. He was a farmer and blacksmith by occupation, in politics a Demo- crat, and in religion a Baptist. E. B. Baird was reared on a farm and re- ceived his education in the common schools and in the Monroe Collegiate Institute in y,-»8 i:ies Moines river, and then in lsf>7 bought 100 acres of his present farm. In CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 361 1871 he located on this place, to which he has since added until he now owns 520 acres of rich and well improved land. He has a beautiful residence, 16 x 28 feet, with an L, 16 x 18 feet, one and a half stories high, and furnished in a way that shows the refinement and culture of the family. Has a grove of three acres, beautiful lawn and shade trees, a barn, 24x40 feet, and fine pastures and meadows. Mr. O'Connor was married at Cascade, Iowa, to Miss Mary O'Connor, a native of county Kerry, Ireland, and a daughter of Thomas and Bridget (Quirk) O'Connor. Our subject and wife have five sons and two daughters, viz.: Morris, a popular and well- known attorney of tlii6 county; Nelly; Thomas, a farmer of this township; Jerry, James, Michael and Bridget. They lost four by death: Kate, deceased at the age of nine months; Mary, at seven years; John, at three years; and a babe. Mr. O'Connor is a Demo- crat in his political views, and the 1 family are worthy members of the Catholic Church. The children have received a good education, and the sons are now successful and popular business men, and the daughters, refined, cultured and intelligent ladies. H. BENNETT^ one of the most prominent and successful farmers H ® of Crawford county, Iowa, re- sides on a farm of 320 acres, in section 12, of Milford township. Mr. Bennett dates his birth in Montgomery county, New York, December 7, 1837. His father, Thomas Bennett, a native of the same county, was born in 1813, son of Thomas Bennett, Sr., a native of New England and of English and Welsh extraction. Thomas Ben- nett wedded Mary Jacobs, who was born in 1816, daughter of John Jacobs. They had fourteen children, three sons and eleven daughters. The mother died in this county at about the age of seventy years. The father passed away in Pierce county, Nebraska, in May, 1888. He followed the trade of shoe- maker in early life, but in later years was en- gaged in agricultural pursuits. Politically, he was a Republican; religiously, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. When W. H. Bennett was two years old his parents moved to Licking county, Ohio, and when he was thirteen they settled in Peoria, Illinois. They subsequently moved to Henry county, same State. In 1864 Mr. Bennett went West, spent some time prospect- ing and mini na; in Montana and Idaho, and in 1867 returned and located in Iowa. He is one of the pioneer settlers of the neighbor- hood in which he now lives. Here he took up his abode on eighty acres of wild land, afterward bought more, and now has one of the finest farms in the township. The first house he built gave place in 1881 to a mod- ern two-story frame residence, beautifully lo cated and surrounded by an attractive lawn, flowers, shrubs, trees, etc. He has a grove and orchard of five acres; barn, 40x40 feet; granary, 30 x 50 feet, and other farm improve- ments, including good fences and a windmill. He does both general farming and stock bus- iness, raising horses, cattle and hogs. At the age of thirty years, Mr. Bennett married Miss Lottie Davis, who was born in New York State and reared in Illinois. For some time previous to her marriage she was engaged in teaching, being a popular and suc- cessful instructor. Her parents are William and Caroline (Morris) Davis. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett have two children, namely: Rosa, wife of Marvin Woolsencroft, of Brown /UiMitlAl'HWAf. HISTORY OF county, Causae; and Thomas II., who has been attending Bchool at Mt. Vernon, Iowa. Mr. Bennetl and his wife aud daughter are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he affiliates with t lie Repub- lican party. A man in the prime of life, honorable and upright in all his dealings, successful in his business operations, and agreeable in manner, he wields an influence that is felt for good in the community in which he lives. S. CB ls\V ELL, a prominent citizen of of Charter Oak, Iowa, is the proprietor '° of a clothing establishment here and also has extensive stock interests. Mr. Criswell established his clothing store in Charter < >ak in March, lS'.tO, and carried a $6,000 stock of clothing, gent's furnishing goods, etc., this being the first clothing store in the town, and until recently the only one. Mr. Criswell has a man employed to take charge of the store, while he gives bis time and attention to his farm and stock interests, lie has 120 acres of land in section 23. (bar- ter Oak township, which he now devotes ex- clusively to stock purposes. He deals chiefly in cattle, but also raises hogs, being one of the largest stock dealers in the county, and each year doing a larger business. His home is located in Charter Oak. Mr. Criswell was born in Blair county, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1847, Bon of Ben- jamin and Catharine Criswell. In 1852 the family moved to Scott county, Iowa, and on a farm in that county he was reared. He completed his education at Mount Vernon. Until he was twenty-seven he remained on the old home place, engaged in farming. Be was married in the spring of 1875 to Miss Eldora T. Moore, who war, born in Galena, Illi- nois, November 9, 1853. After their mar- riage Mr. Criswell bought a farm near home, and engaged in general farming on it until 1887, when he came to this county. Since locating here he has gradually drifted into the stock business until now his broad acres are used exclusively for grazing purposes, and in this he is making a decided success. He is Democratic in politics, and has rep- resented Charter Oak as City Treasurer ever since its incorporation. In Scott county be took a more active part in politics than he has since coming here. He is a member of Odin Lodge, No. 221, K. of P., having taken the entire work of the lodge and having rep- resented it in the Grand Lod. and Hazel M. ?()IIN X. WILSON, a prominent and popular citizen of Willow township, i- the owner of 160 acres on section 14 and came here in 1883. He was born in Fulton county, Illinois, April 13, 1851, and was the son of K. II. Wilson, a highly respected and esteemed citizen of Wheeler Grove, Potta- wattamie county, Iowa. The latter was born near Cincinnati, Ohio, and was the son of John M. Wilson, of Scotch ancestry. The mother of our subject was Julia Ann (liar- tele) Wilson, who was born in Fulton county, Illinois, a daughter of Frederick Partels, who was also horn in Illinois, of German ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. K. II. Wilson wvvf the parents of fourteen children, thirteen of whom sur- vive. Our subject was the second one of the family and be was three and one-half year.-- CRAWFORD, IDA AND 8 AG COUNTIES. 363 old when his family moved to Cass county, Iowa, and was nine years old when the family moved to Mills county, Iowa, near Gleuwood. Here they remained for eight years and then moved to Macedonia. His father has been a merchant and farmer, and in politics a Re- publican, and in religion a Methodist. In 1883 our subject came here and bought eighty acres of land, a small portion of which was already broken. He has resided here since, and has made a pleasant and Valuable home. He has a good house, 16 x 24 feet, one and one-half stories, with an L, 12 x 24, one story high, on a fine site, with a good view of the country. The house is built in southern style, surrounded by a nice grove of two and one-half acres, and an orchard of small fruits, in good shape. His pastures, meadows and plowed lands are all so arranged that they can be watered. His barn is 32 x 38 feet and he has cribs, yards and cattle lots, all in good order. He believes in good grades of cattle and has thoroughbred horses, and a flock of 250 'ight Brahma chickens. He was married in Council Bluffs, Iowa, March 24, 1877, to Miss Anna I Brimmer, of Pottawattamie county, a successful and popular teacher, a lady of education and re- finement. Her birthplace was Oshkosh, Wisconsin, although she was reared partly in Wisconsin and partly in Minnesota and com- menced teaching at the age of fourteen, in the latter State. She then came to Iowa and finished her education, and began teaching in the eastern part of Pottawattamie county, where she met with great success. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have had born to them four sons, namely: Marion Arthur, William George, John Ernest and Henry Allen. Our subject is a Republican, but never desired office. He and his wife are zealous members of the Free Methodist Church. Mrs. Wilson has been an active Sunday-school worker, and has been Super- intendent and Bible Class Teacher of the Mul- len schoolhouse Sabbath-school. For many years she has been interested in the education of children in temperance work, and the fam- ily are among the most respected and es- teemed people of Willow township. -§«4 fAMES ROLLINS, one of the early set- tlers and pioneers of East Boyer town- ship, is a native of the north of Ireland, near Belfast, born July 13, 1834, son of Will- iam and Jane (White) Rollins, who died in Ireland. Our subject was reared in his native country until he was twenty years of age, on his father's farm, attending the public schools of the neighborhood, but in 1854 he decided to come to America, seeking to find, under the stars and stripes, the protection denied him in his native land. On his arrival he located in Pontiac, Illinois, where he resided until the outbreak of the civil war, when, like many others of his countrymen, he enlisted in the army of the Union, seeking to maintain that Government that had offered him home and freedom. He entered Company M, First Illi- nois Light Artillery, July 9, 1862, and was mustered out at Chicago, July, 1865. He participated in all of the Kentucky, Chicka- mauga, Knoxville and Atlanta campaigns, and was noted as being brave and faithful. He was under fire 178 days. He traveled 3,102 miles, and never was wounded nor in a hospital. After his discharge he came, in August, 1865, to Denison, Iowa, later purchasing his present nice farm of 160 acres in East Boyer township, section 7 and 18. The next year he began to make improve- ments, erecting a small frame house, 16 x 22 804 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF foot, which he has replaced by a line residence, It! x \.'s (Vet. He has been making improve- ments nil this property all the time, and besides his fine house he has a good barn, 10x45 feet, built in 1882, and other build- ings for stock and grain. A good cow stable is attached to the barn. 12 x 40 feet. He also has a good granary, 14 x 20 feet. The farm is further beautified by shade trees and a small orchard, which he has planted and cared lor. lli> farm now consists of 353 acres, on which he carries on general farming and stock-rais- ing. He has added 155 acres to the farm he first purchased, also thirty eight acres in two other tracts, having iu all 353 acres of finely improved land, all of which he has cultivated himself. He was married October 7, 1869, to Miss Emma Colman, born in < >hio, in 1849. They have a family of seven children: William C, Frank 8., Jennies John, Lizzie, James A. and Robert E. They are members of the Pres- byterian Chnrch and are worthy, good people. Politically, he is a Republican and has been Township Trustee and member of the School Board for several terms, being an advocate of educational matters, and is at present Town- ship Clerk. « [EORGE W. SAUNDERS, a farmer of section 13, Crawford county, was born in Cranbrook, Kent county, England, in 1837, a son of William and Martha (Huntley) Saunders, natives of the same place. In 1852 they came to New York, having been five weeks at sea, and settled in Oneida county, that State, where the father died in 1868. The mother still resides in New York. Mr. and Mrs. Saunders reared a family of six children, viz.: C W., our subject; Alfred, a contractorof Lob Angeles, California; Henry, engaged in the grocery business at Topeka, Kansas; Herbert, of New Fork; William, a farmer of that State; and Frances, wife of Charles Austin, of Oneida county. New York. George W., the subject of this sketch, was reared in England to the age of fourteen years, when he emigrated to New York. While in that State he followed farming, saw- milling and also worked in an iron furnace. In 1867 he removed to Iowa City, Iowa, and worked for the R. I. & P. R. R. as foreman on new constructions, and in 1872 to Adair county, and in 1876 began farming on rented land in East Boyer township, Crawford county. In 1879 he bought 320 acres of raw prairie land in Nislmabotany township, to which he lias since added until lie now own- ISO acres. Mr. Saunders has his land well improved; has a good residence, 16x26 feet, with an L, 14x20 feet, tine barns and everything neces- sary for a well-regulated farm. Four acres of his place is devoted to shade, ornamental trees and an orchard. Our subject has taken an active part in politics, voting with the Re- publican party, and has Berved eight years as President of Township Trustees and as a mem- ber of the School Board. He was married in New York, in 1860, to Mary E. Walker, a native of Yorkshire, En- gland, and a daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Londsberthy) Walker, natives also of that place. They emigrated to Oneida county. New York, in 1840, where the mother died in 1858, and there the father still resides, aged seventy-nine years. Mr. and Mrs. Saunders have eleven children, viz.: C. G., an attorney at law of Council Bluffs, having bought out J. Y. Stone; Martha, wife of John Swanson, a railroad engineer of Perry. Iowa; Henry, Studying medicine; David P., a farmer of Missouri Valley; Jennie, wife of Q. Farver, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 365 a farmer of East Boyer township, Crawford county; Frank; Herbert and Roscoe Conklin are at home. They buried three children in Iowa City: Thomas, deceased at the age of seven years and ten months; and Uriah and Freddie, at the age of seventeen months. Mr. and Mrs. Saunders are members of the Meth- odist Church. Our subject has always taken an active interest in everything for the up- building of his county, and, after enduring the many hardships of farm life, will retire to the quiet town of Manilla. ^OLONEL C. GREEN, one of the early settlers of Denison, is a native of On- tario, near London, born October 8, 1838. He is the son of James and Betsy Green. He came to the State of Illinois when he was only seventeen, locating at Ke- wanee, Henry county, and engaged in the employ of a brick manufacturer, where he remained until 1864, when he came to Deni- son and located a section of land, on which he operated a stock farm for six years. Dur- ing this time he was putting to use the infor- mation he had gained at the brick-yard, where he had worked, by making several kinds of brick, and in 1869 moved into Denieon, where he engaged in the manufacture of bricks, and has continued in that business ever since. He has an annual outjmt of some 600,000 brick, and his yard is located about three- fourths of a mile east of Denison. He con- tracts and builds brick buildings, among which might be mentioned the Crawford county jail, Crawford county bauk, high school building and others. He learned masonry in Illinois, and is proficient in his art. He is one of the public-spirited men of Denison, and is always ready to contribute to anything calculated to improve the town. He was married in 1864 to Miss Charlotte Servoss, born in New York State, Mont- gomery county, October 25, 1856, daughter of George and Prudence Servoss. Mr. and Mrs. Green have four children, namely: Ida, wife of Thomas Kelly, of Denison; Jennie, Maude and Arthur. The family are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They reside in the fine brick residence that Mr. Green erected in 1879. Politically, Mr. Green is an active Repub- lican and has held several offices, namely: County Supervisor; member of the City Coun- cil for years; member of the School Board for ten years; Assessor and Census Enumerator in 1875, and has since served as Assessor for several terms. He is a member of the Iowa L. of H. Mr. Green is a self-made man, having worked his own way up from the bottom to his present prominent financial position. He owns a tract of land, ten acres, just out of Denison and five lots in town, H20 acres in Boxbutte county, Nebraska, and city lots in South Bend, Washington. fU. WISE, one of the leading business men of Dow City, Iowa, was born in 31 Cedar county, Iowa, August 1, 1848, son of Henry and Sophia (Kester) Wise, natives of Pennsylvania, of German ancestry. Our subject was brought up in Cedar county to farm life until he was sixteen, at- tending the public schools of his district, but at the above named age he began to learn the tinners' trade at Wilton Junction, Muscatine county. After he had learned the tinners' trade he took up telegraphy, and was in the employ of the Central Iowa & Des Moines Valley railroad as operator for three years, B66 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF after which lie came to Crawford county, locating at Dow City in the hardware and tin business, adding furniture after two years. He also has an undertaking establishment and carries a full line of robes, caskets and other funeral properties. In his store one can find a full line of furniture, hardware and tinware, and he does repairing in all blanches. The stock is valued at $2,000. Be is one of the leading business men of Dow City and enjoys the esteem of all who know him. Mr. Wise enlisted in the war of the Rebellion in 1861, and served until 1865. Mr. Wise was married January 2, 1871, to Miss Susie Wiley, a native of Ohio. They have one child. Blanche W., a sweet child. Mr. AVise is a member of the M. W. A., No. 1189. Politically, he is a stanch sup- porter of the principles of the Republican party. L. BRYAN, one of the prominent and progressive farmers of Boyer Valley ^° township, settled here in 1880, and since that time has been one of the resi- dents of this beautiful little township. Mr. Bryan was born in North Fork township, Delaware county, Iowa, August 26, 1856, son of Frank Bryan, a native of Somersetshire, England, where he was reared and educated, coining to America in 1850. His first place of settlement upon arrival in the new country was in Delaware county, Towa, where he pur- chased a farm of wild land and improved it. The mother of our subject was Mary Tuhey, a native of Massachusetts, although she was reared in Michigan. Iler death occurred in March, 18V.I. She and her husband reared a family of four children, namely: A. L., our subject; Isadore, living in Delaware county, Iowa; and Lavina and Frances. The father was a farmer by occupation, and a Republican in politics. ( >ur subject was reared to farm life and re- ceived his primary education in the common schools of his native county, subsequently attending Lenox College. After finishing there he engaged in teaching for several terms in I )elaware and Sac counties. In 1874 Mr. Bryan purchased his present farm and has brought it to a fine state of cultivation. His comfortable residence is a two-story one, 14 x 20 feet, with an L, 16 x 24, and his model barn is 50 x 60 feet, and shelters a large herd of cattle and horses. There is a Dice grove on the land and a fine orchard of two acres. The farm is well-watered, has a windmill in the yard and all the fields are fenced. He owns 260 acres of as fine land as can be found in the county and the many improvements upon the land, as well as the well-cultivated fields, testify to his ability as an agriculturist. The marriage of our subject occurred June 26, 1884, with Miss Ella Slawson, born in Herkimer county, New York, a lady of in- telligence and fine attainments. She was a successful and popular music teacher of Del- aware county, a daughter of Samuel and Laura (Eldred) Slawson of Delaware county, Iowa, where the marriage of our subject occurred. Mr. and Mrs. Slawson had two sons in the army. Douglas 6erved in the Twenty-first Iowa Infantry, and James was in the same regi- ment. Our subject is a Republican in poli- tics and takes an interest in the success of his party, being one of the wheel horses of the party in the township. He is one of the efficient. Township Trustees of the township, now serving his second term. Socially, he is connected with the K. of P., lodge No. 165, of Early. In all matters tending to benefit CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 367 society and aid in the development of the county, our subject occupies a foremost place. He is a man in the vigor of life, of strong physique, and one who would command atten- tion in a crowd. On account of his many sterling qualities he is highly respected throughout the eutire county. \Ll HARADON, Jr., one of the old- est pioneers of Early, who has seen the full development of the town, and one who ever since his location in this place has taken great interest in all its improvements, is the subject of this sketch. Our subject is an old-style Yankee. He was reared and ed- ucated until fourteen years old in the State of Vermont, on one of the pinnacles of the Green mountains. He was born in Rutland county, in the year 1831, a son of Eli and Maria (Perkins) Ilaradon, natives of Vermont. By occupation the father was a farmer, and in 1845 he decided to remove West, where he could secure better agricultural opportunities. The journey was made by team, being about three months on the road. They landed first in DuPage county, Illinois, near the town of Naperville. but soon located in Will county, Illinois, where the father opened up a farm on Government land in a wild coutitry, and there his death occurred in 1869, the mother hav- ing died in 1860. They reared a family of five children, three 6ons and two daughters: Eli the oldest, the subject of our sketch; Frances, married Josiah Carpenter, now living in Sumner, Bremer county, Iowa; Angeline, died in Will county, Illinois, at the age of twenty-one; Orlin and Marvin, of Early, Iowa. Our subject being a lad of fourteen at the time the family removed to the then great West, he, of course, finished his limited education in the district school of the new country of their adoption. At the age of eighteen he went to learn the blacksmith trade, and before leaving Will county, Illi- nois, he began business for himself. Mr. Haradon, in 1851, in Will county, Illinois, was married to Miss Jerusha Blanchard, a native of Vermont. Her death occurred in Bremer county, Iowa, in 1857, having re- moved there, hoping to regain her health. She left one child, Susan Elin, now the wife of Charles Bedell, living in Calhoun county, Iowa. In 1858 our subject returned to Will county, Illinois, there resuming his trade, arid in 1862 he enlisted in Company K, One Hundredth Regiment Illinois Infantry for three years or during the war. He partici- pated in a number of skirmishes, the battle of Perryville and Stone River, where he was wounded in the right thigh, a musket ball passing through near the center of his thigh. He was then placed in the hospital at Nash- ville, Tennessee, and from there taken to Louisville, and later to Chicago, where he was honorably discharged in 1863. He then re- turned to Will county, Illinois, and thence, with his brother, Orlin, to Bremer county, Iowa. In 1865 our subject married Miss Julia Davis, a native of Michigan, daughter of Simeon and Lucinda (Carpenter) Davis, natives of Pennsylvania, who were early settlers in Michigan, removing in 1864 to Fayette county, Iowa. They reared a family of two sons and three daughters. The oldest son Simeon enlisted in the Second Iowa Cav- alry, and served over three years. He now resides in Chickasaw county, Iowa; our sub- ject in 1865, and his brother Orlin removed to Norway, Benton county, Iowa, and erected a blacksmith and wagon shop and worked to- gether till 1868, when Orlin returned to the old homestead in Illinois to take care of their BIOailM-Uh'M. HISTORY OF beloved father. In 1871 our subject re- moved to Kansas, locating on the wild prairie in Oloud county, taking up a homestead; he was one of the pioneer settlers of that county, and lived there at the time of the ureal grass- hopper raid. In 1875, on account of grass- hoppers and the natural drouth of that country, he again removed, this time to Sac county, Iowa, and located in Boyer Valley township, and with Orlin, his brother, erected a black- smith ami wagon shop, which was the start- ing of the old town of Early. Soon there was a mail route established from Sac City to Ida (irove, with a post office at their town, and William Cory was Postmaster. He soon moved away and our subject was appointed Postmaster, receiving a salary of from $5 to 87 per month at first. They worked at their trade till 1881, when a rail- road was run through the county, and the new station of Early was established. Then Orlin went on his farm, and our subject moved his shop and all of bis belongings to the new town with all possible speed. Still being postmaster, he moved the post office to the new town and sent a request to the Post Office Department, at Washington, District of Columbia, for the office to" retain its old name of Early, which request was granted, he serv- ing as postmaster until 1885. Our subject and wife now bave live children: Edith, the oldest, is the wife of George Willson, of Early; Leslie is on the farm of 112 acres, live miles in tin- country, which is owned by our sub- ject; Ellis runs the blacksmith shop; Ettna and Everet are going to school in Early. Mr. Ilaradon takes quite an interest in politics and votes the old Yankee style with the Re- publican party. As he was one of the first agitators of the old town of Kail v. and one of the first to help build up the new town, it is no more than natural that he should be greatly interested in the upbuilding of the town and the welfare of its people. He has taken much interest in the bnilding and main tenanee of churches and is a free giver to the needy. Socially, he is a member of Me Dowel Post, G. A. P., Xo. 391. Mrs. Ilaradon is a member of the Metho- dist Church, and the family is much eMcemed in the community where they have resided so long. EORGE GROUELL, an enterprising farmer of Battle township, Ida county, Iowa, was born in Crawford county, Ohio, April 19, 1846. His father, John Grouell, was born and reared in Germany, and was there married to Christen* Weaber, a native of that country. Soon after their marriage they emigrated to America, settled in the New England States. and some years later moved to Crawford county, Ohio. When George was a lad of ten years they came to Iowa and located near Lowden, in Cedar county, and some time later moved to Wheatland, Clinton county. The father was a cabinet-maker by trade. Religiously, he was a Lutheran. He died at the age of eighty-five years, and his wife at seventy-live. They had five children, George being the only survivor of the family. One of the sons, Joseph, a member of the Twentv- sixth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, Company- G, died of disease while in the service. Mr. Grouell was reared on a farm, and was engaged in agricultural pursuits in Clinton county until 1883, when he came to his pres- ent location and settled on new land. He now owns 160 acres of land in section 23, Battle township, which he has developed into CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 369 one of the finest farms in the neighbor- hood. His cottage home is 14 x 20 feet, with an L, 14 x 16 feet, and is located on a natural building site aud is surrounded with an at- tractive lawn, plenty of small fruit, and a grove and orchard of three acres. He has a good barn and other suitable farm buildings for taking care of his stock and grain, he being engaged in general farming and stock- raising. Mr. Grouell was first married in October, 1870, in Clinton county, Iowa, to Miss C. V. Brown, a native of Ohio and a daughter of David and Fanny (Page) Brown. They had three children: Harry D., Fannie B. and Harinie P. The last named, a twin of Fanny B., died at the age of one year. Mrs. Grouell departed this life September 8, 1878. August 10, 1882, Mr. Grouell married Miss Mary A. Jamieson, a lady of education and retinement atid a member of a good family. She was born in Scott county, Iowa, daugh- ter of Robert J. Jamieson. Her father was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, September 9, 1825, son of David Jamieson, who came with his family to Iowa, in 1849, and settled near Burlington, and some years later re- moved to Scott county. In Scott county, in 1877, David Jamieson died. Robert J. Jamieson married Jane Campbell, and he and his wife had a family of six children, viz: Mary A. Grouell; Nancy M., of Scott county, Iowa; William L., Battle township, Iowa; Robert M., Maple township, Ida coun- ty; Sadie, wife of A- M. Crawford, Corwin township, Ida county; and Mattie J., wife of John M. Carson, Clinton county, Iowa. Mrs. Jamieson died in 18S4. By his second mar- riage Mr. Grouell has had four children, three of whom are living, namely: Willie J., Arthur N. and Nanny M. Bessie J. died at the age of seven months. Mr. Grouell affiliates with the Republican party, and is a member of the United Presby- terian Church. His wife and two oldest children are also members of this church. H W. LARSON, a farmer of section 12, m Hayes township, Ida county, was bom in Sweden in 1850, a son of Lewis and Hannah Anderson. His father was a farmer by occupation, and died in 1860, and the mother departed this life in 1858. To them was born seven children, four boys and three girls; five are residing in this country and one son is in Norway and another in Sweden. P. W. Larson, the subject of this sketch, came to this country in the spring of 1871, landing in New York city, and was engaged in railroad work in several places in the State of New York and New Jersey. In the fall of 1872 he went to the Lake Superior country, in upper Michigan, and worked in the iron mines. In the spring of 1874 he came to Ida county, Iowa, where he bought 160 acres of land, the northwest quarter of section 12, Hayes township, and broke fifty acres the same year, and the following year erected a frame residence, 22 x 24. In 1879 he was married to Hannah M. Sonnichson, born 1859, daughter of Michael and Hannah Son- nichson, natives of Holstein, Germany. To them were born thirteen children — two boys aud five girls are still living. Mr. Sonnich- son with his family came to America in 1874 and located in Chicago. In 1876 he came to Ida county, Iowa. Tire father died in 1886, and the mother is still a resident of Hayes township. In 1886 Mr. and Mrs. Larson moved to Arthur and built a resi- dence, 18 x 40 feet, one and a half stories, and in the fall of the same year he erected a two- 870 HlnaitM'IlICAL HISTORY OF B tory building, 22 \ Hi feet, and embarked in the hardware business, and continued there until L891, when be retired and went back to the Earm and built liis present one and a half story dwelling, 80 x 10 feet, with two wings. He lias all the necessary farm improvements, and also still owns the property in Arthur. Mr. Larson takes an active part in the Re- pnblican party. He served as Justice of the Peace four years. Mr. Larson is among the early pioneers of this township — has always taken an active part in every thing for its good. Mr. and Mrs. Larson are members of the Mission Church at Odebolt, Iowa. To them was born one child, Ralph W. Larson, born in 1882 and died in 1888. ■ S ' 3 » i * 3 »~ — fAMKS MoANDREWS a real-estate dealer and proprietor of the City Livery and Sale Barns of Vail, was born in .Jen- nings county, Indiana, in December, 1842, a son of Michael and Catherine (Deavitt) McAndrews. His father died at the age of seventy years, but his mother is still living and resides on the old homestead with her youngest son. When seven years of age our subject came with his father's family to Clinton county, Iowa, where he was reared and educated. In 181)3 the family came to Crawford county, this State, and opened a large farm of 320 acres north of Vail. Mr. McAndrews was engaged in the agricultural implement business until 1880, and lias also devoted his attention to farming, having 320 acres of well-improved land north of Vail, where he lias two good dwelling houses and barns. He engaged in his present business in 1891, and his barn is 40 x 80 feet, has eighteen or twenty good driving horses, tine carriages, and everything convenient for that line of trade. His extensive acquaintance over the country is of much value to him in business. He i> one of the prominent and well-known early settlers of the city, is one of the oldest real-estate men in the county, and is familiar with every acre of land in the eastern part of Crawford county. Mr. McAndrews was married at Vail, in 1875, to Miss Lizzie Molseeil, a native of Clinton county, Iowa, and a daughter of Anthony and Bridget (Langden) Molseed, now of Centerville, South Dakota, but who owns real estate in this county. Our subject and wife have six children, viz.: liertha Ann, Mary Emily, Lilly Frances, Clara Mabel, Jen- nie Adelia, and Pearl Elizabeth. Mr. McAn- drews is a Democrat in his political ricws, and has served as County Supervisor three years. He has one of the finest residences in Vail, is surrounded by all the comforts of life, and is a respected and popular man in his community. fRAXK II. DICKEV, one of the well- known and popular citizens of Crawford county, was born in Rock county, Wis- consin, near Janesville, August 11, 1859, a 6on of Cyrus F. Dickey, a native of Vermont, and now a resident of Broad head, Green county, Wisconsin. Our subject's mother was formerly Mary Jane Currier, a native of' Vermont, and a member of an old and promi- nent family. She died September 19, 1869, when our subject was ten years of age. The latter remained in Wisconsin until 1884, when he came to Crawford county, Iowa. In 1885 he settled on his present farm of 200 acres, where he has a good resi- dence, 18 x 24 .feet, one and a half stories high, with a wing, 16x20, and a kitchen 12x14, located on a natural building site, and furnished in a manner showing the taste CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 371 and refinement of the family. The farm is well adapted for stock or grain. Mr. Dickey owns a number of fine Norman horses of three- fourths grade, good cattle, and Poland- China swine. He was married in 1882 to Miss Delia Chapman, who was born, reared and educated in this county, a daughter of Tracy Chapman, of this township. Mr. Dickey is a Republi- can in his political views, has served as Trus- tee of his township, as Census Enumerator, and is among the popular and successful men of Crawford county. Mrs. Dickey is a worthy member of the Methodist Church of Pleasant Hill. H. JAMES, successor to the firm BMjjvjB of James & Manning, general mer- l^P'H * chants, Battle Creek, Iowa, is ranked with the prominent business men of the town. He carries a full line of merchandise, includ- ing; dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes, hats and caps, queensM-are, groceries, etc., his stock being valued at from $10,000 to 112,000. He occupies a room, the dimen- sions of which are 22 x 7-4 feet, with an ad- dition, 16 x 20 feet. This business was opened here April 1, 1880, and was conducted un- der the firm name of James & Manning until March 1, 1892, since which time Mr. James has been sole proprietor. The annual sales of the establishment have been $30,000. Mr. James employes two clerks. Of his per- sonal history we make the following brief record; W. H. James was born in Bristol, England, in 1853, son of J. G. and Elizabeth (Will- iamson) James, who came to America in 1854, and located soon afterward at Janes- ville, Wisconsin. In 1859 they came to Iowa and settled at Clarence, Cedar county, where W. H. was reared. His father was a carpenter by trade. Both parents are de- ceased, the mother having died at their home in Cedar county, and the father in Park City, Utah. They had four sons and one daughter, two of whom, Ered C, of Portland, Oregon, and William H., are living. Two died in in- fancy. Frank E., is also deceased. At the age of eighteen William H. James began clerking in a general store in Clarence, and was thus employed for nine years and three months. At the end of that time he came to Battle Creek and engaged in busi- ness with Mr. Manning. He has by honest industry and good management made a finan- cial success, having risen, unaided, to his present position among the prominent busi- ness men of the county. He is a stockholder and director in the Maple Valley Savings Bank, Battle Creek, and a stockholder in the Maple Valley Creamery. Politically, he is a Republican. He was a member of the first City Council of Battle Creek, and has since served in that body. In 1892 he was Presi- dent of the School Board. Socially, Mr. James is a prominent mem- ber of the Olympic Lodge, No. 257, K. of P., in winch he has passed all the chairs. He married Miss Anna Manning, daughter of T. O., and Adaline (Sylvester) Manning, and a native of Illinois. They have two sons, Merton O., and Eugene F. ^^isinji/- ^T "jinns^ fB. GARDNER, a physician and sur- geon of Manilla, was born in Marshall 3 county, Iowa, January 10, 1856, a son of Jay and Permelia (Hilsabeck) Gardner, the former a native of Vermont and the lat- ter of North Carolina. Our subject was 872 BIOGRAPHICAL UlsToliY OF reared in Woodford eonnty, [llinois, and graduated in medicine al the [owa Stale I n- iversity of Lowa City in March, 1882. He [b a aelf-made mau, having worked at any- thing he could find to d<> while receiving bis medical education. Alter this city was started he came here, and lias since paid strict attention to his profession. Although but a young man he has gained an envi- able position as a successful physician and a skillful surgeon. Socially, Dr. Gardner is a member of the A. F. & A. M., belonging to the bine Lodge at Manning and the R. A. Chapter at Harlan; also belongs to the K. of P.. Manilla Lodge; is a charter member of the I. 0.0. F., and a member of the Pension Board of Examiners. He has a beautiful residence in this city, worth $5,000, of mod- ern style, and furnished in an elegant and tastefnl manner. He was married at Aspinwall, Iowa, to Miss Mary E. Ofimeer, a native of Ohio, and a daughter of F. M. and Rachel (Wolf) Offi- neer. Mr. and Mrs. Gardner have two chil- dren: Bessie M. and Grace G. Mrs. Gardner is an active member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and also of the Relief Corps, the Rebekah and the Sisterhood of the K. of P. JSAIAI1 SIGLIN", oneof the successful and popular citizens of Crawford county, was born in Monroe county, Pennsylvania, December 1, 1847, a son of Jacob Siglin, a native of New Hampshire. The latter was a son of Henry Siglin,of Engli.-li ancestry, and a soldier of the war of 1812. Our subject's mother, nee Hannah Zetzer, was a native of Vermont, and a daughter of John Zetzer, a na- tive of Europe. Jacob Siglin removed to Penn- sylvania when a young man, where in June, 18:5:5, he met ami married his wife, and in 1853 they removed to De Kalb county, Illi- nois. They located near Sycamore, where they were among the pioneer settlers, and re- mained there thirty-nine years. They are the parents of ten children, rive sons and five daughters, and three of the sons were soldier- in the late war; Jacob was a member id' the Thirteenth Illinois Infantry; Joshua, of the Seventeenth Illinois Cavalry; and Isaiah, of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry. The father is now eighty-three years of age, is a Republi- can in his political views, and is a member of the Methodist Church. Isaiah Siglin. the third son of the family, was reared and educated at Sycamore, Illi- nois, and was but a boy in his teens when Fort Sumter was fired upon. Soon afterward he went as Orderly for his brother, a Lieu tenant in the Thirteenth Illinois Infantry, and was absent three months. June 4, 186 1. he entered the Seventeenth Illinois Cavalry, served principally in Missouri, fought with General Price's men and bushwhackers; was on a raid tifty-tliree days and nights, was present when General Marmaduke was cap- tured, and was discharged December 18, 1805, after many narrow escapes from death. He received a gunshot wound on the head, from the effects of which he lost the sijjht of one eye, and he was also cut on the knee in a hand encounter with rebels at Kansas City. After the close of hostilities, Mr. Sig- lin settled at Genoa, Illinois, but in 1879 purchased 160 acres of raw land in Crawford county, Iowa. He now owns 240 of rich land in one body, all well improved, and has a good dwellinor, 14 x 22 feet, one and a half stories high. He has all the necessary con- veniences for a well-regulated farm, and everything about the place shows the thrift and prosperity of its owner. A cl^c^w yr A_*c^ educa- tion at Philadelphia and came with his par- ents to thi> county in 1880 and is now en- gaged in farming and stock-raising; he was married September 2~i, 1891, to Miss Ella CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 375 Youstling, daughter of George Youstling of this township,but, she was reared and educated in Pennsylvania. The second cliild of our subject is W. C, Jr., at home; the third Ella T., wife of Aaron Bander, of Chicago, Illinois; and one deceased. Our subject takes an active interest in politics, being a Repub- lican. Our subject and family are members of the Church of God, who are Baptists. Mr. Ross is a man who has been identified with whatever he has considered conducive to the well-being of his fellow-citizens, and the development of the county. -Mi C. ROBINSON", proprietor of Maple Grove farm, Crawford county, was born in Leeds county, Ontario, Canada, March 17, 1839, a son of John Robinson, a native of Yorkshire, England. At the age of thirty-three years he married Hannah Clark, a native of the same place, and they then settled in Leeds county, Canada, where they remained until death, the mother dying at the age of seventy-two years, and the father at eighty-four. J. C. Robinson, the third son of the family, was reared to farm life, w T as educated in the High school of Brockville, Ontario, and was a graduate of Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College of Ogden, New York. He was then a successful teacher for a time, and at the age of twenty-six years came to Boone, Iowa, where he obtained a situation as salesman in a leading mercantile firm, receiving a salary of $800 per annum for five years. Mr. Rob- inson then bought 100 acres of wild land, and began farming in a moderate way. Maple Grove Stock Farm is now one of the prominent places in the county, containing 5(30 acres of rich, productive land, pastures of blue grass, and meadows of clover and timothy, and is free from incumbrance. He has a tine dwelling, 18 x32, with an addition, 16 x 30 feet, one and a half stories high, and surrounded by shade and ornamental trees. The family are surrounded by the comforts of life, and hospitality is dispensed in a royal manner to all who come to Maple Grove. He has an orchard of two and a half acres of small fruits, has a tine rock basement barn, 48 x 52 feet, giving room for thirty-two horses, has a hay barn, 22x48 feet, and all other conveniences lor a well-regulated farm. Mr. Robinson began raising shorthorn cattle in 1886, and he now has one of the best herds in western Iowa, consisting of some fine specimens of the Marys, Josephines. Ianthias and the leader of the herd is a thoroughbred of the Bates blood. He has spent much time and money in securing the best that could be bought, and Rocky Run herd is second to none in western Iowa. He keeps good horses and high-grade cattle in stock, also a tine herd of thoroughbred Poland-China swine. Every thing about Maple Grove shows the thrift, enterprise and success of its owner. Mr. Robinson was married at Boone, Iowa, August 16, 1866, to Miss Allie J. Snodgrass, a native of West Virginia, and a daughter of Rev. J. W. Snodgrass, a prominent pioneer Methodist minister of Boone, Iowa. The moth- er was formerly Margaret Dudley, also a na- tive of West Virginia, and daughter of Samuel Dudley, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and received a pension for his services. The parents now reside at Boone, Iowa. Our subject and wife have four sons: William H., who owns a good farm in Emmet county, Iowa, is married and has one child; John Roy, who received his education at Denison High School and the Woodbine Normal, and is now taking a business course at Cap City MOGItAPFIlCAL 111 STOUT OF Coi ercial College, Des Moines; and Joseph and Richard, twins, are both in attendance at the Denison High School; William II. . the eldesi bou, finished his education at the State Normal of Cedar Falls, Iowa, and was a suc- cessful and popular teacher. Mr. ami Mrs. Robinson are worthy and active members of the Methodist Church, of Vail, in which the former is one of the officers. Politically, he affiliates with the Republican party, has served as Township Clerk, a member of the School Board, and has held other minor offices of trust. Socially, he was made an Odd Fellow at 15 le, at the age of twenty- nine years, and was made a member of the A. F. ^ A. M., Setting Sun Lodge, of 'West Side, Iowa, was also a charter member of Diamond Lodge, A. F. ec A. M., 422, Vail, [owa. Mr. Robinson is pel in the prime of life, favors education and religion and is a popular and honored business man. P|OCKLEY BARBER, a farmer of sec- tion 11, Nishnabotany township, Craw- ford county, was ltorn in England, in 18:21, a sou of .John and Jemima (Shaw) Bar- ber, natives of Yorkshire, England, in L828 the parents came to America, locating in New York, where the father worked at the trade of fuller in Poughkeepsie, New York, New Jersey, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His death occurred in the latter State about 1844. The mother afterward removed with our sub- ject to Ohio, where she died in 1872, aged eighty-seven years. Our subject has one Bister, Mrs. Jane Ellison, of Harrisburg, Penn- sylvania. Mr. Pockley, the subject of this sketch, was reared principally in eastern Pennsylvania, and worked with his father in a woolen fac- tory from the age of six to twenty-one years. In 1S-BJ he eni/ao-ed in shoe making, in War ren county, Ohio, where he remained until 1871, and in that year came to Crawford county, Iowa. He now owns a good farm of 360 acres, where he has two acres of shade and ornamental trees, a good two-story dwell- ing, 14x32 feet, with an L, 18x18 feet, fine barns, and every thing necessary for a well-regulated farm. Mr. Barber take- an active interest in politics, voting with the Republican party, and has served as a mem- ber of the School Board and as Road Com- missioner. lie was married in Pennsylvania, in 1852, to Miss Sarah Ann Tomlinson, a native of England, and a daughter of Aquilla and Sarah (Schotield) Tomlinson, natives of Yorkshire, England. In an early day the parents settled in Pennsylvania, where they lived the re- mainder of their lives. Mrs. Earlier has one brother, Joseph Tomlinson, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Our subject and wife have had seven children, viz.: Edward, in the employ of Kurkendall, Jones & Co., of Omaha. Nebraska; Allen, a farmer of this township; Carrie, at home: Mary, wife of Isaac II ui-il; ( Jreely, in the employ of the Chicago & Northwestern railroad, and two who died in infancy. Mr. Barber has wit- nessed the entire development of Crawford county, passed through the grasshopper raid, and both heand his wife are respected pioneers of this township and county. M. N EEI.Y, a farmer and stock-raiser of Crawford county, was born in a Adams county. Pennsylvania, in 1843, aeon of John and Hannah (Cassat) Neely, natives of that county. The father, a farmer CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 377 by occupation, remained in Adams county until his death, which occurred in 1849. His wife survived him until 1874, dying in Cedar county, Iowa, where she had located in 1870. Grandfather Neely was a very early pioneer of Adams county, where he improved large farms. Mr. and Mrs. Neely were the parents of the following children: Jacob, a resident of Pennsylvania; Sarah, of Cedar county, Iowa; S. M., our subject; Jonathan W., who came to Cedar county, in 1865, and his death occurred at Clarence, Iowa, in 1890; Mary, deceased, was the wife ot'C. E. Goldsborough, of Adams county, Pennsylvania; Martha J., deceased, was formerly Mrs. M. L. Shuck; and Hannah, deceased at the age of two years. S. M. Neely was reared and educated near Gettysburg, Adams county, Pennsylvania, where he was afterward engaged in farming. He was in close proximity to the battles of Hunterstown and Gettysburg, and visited the battle-ground of the latter place. In 1865 he removed to Whiteside county, Illinois, and the following year to Marshall county, Iowa, where he followed agricultural pursuits. In 1878 he purchased 160 acres of land in Crawford county, which he improved, and to which he has since added until he now owns 240 acres. Mr. Neely raises a good grade of stock, has five acres of his place devoted to an orchard, shade and ornamental trees, has erected a good two-story residence, 16 x 38 feet, with an L, 18 x 22 feet, a good barn, and all other necessary conveniences. He takes an active interest in politics, voting with the Republican party; has served as Township Trustee, and a member of the School Board. Mr. Neely was married in Whiteside county, Illinois, in 1865, to Mary Wallace, a native of that county, and a daughter of Elijah and Elizabeth (Casset) Wallace, natives of Pennsylvania. In an early day they came by water to Sterling, Whiteside county, Illi- nois, where they were among the pioneer set- tlers. His death occurred in that county, and the mother died in Crawford county, Iowa, in 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Neely have four chil- dren, viz.: Elizabeth, wife of A. S. Avery, of Manilla; Charles, Sadie and Gertie. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, in which Mr. Neely is an Elder. Be- fore the organization of the present church, Sunday- school was conducted in a school- house for some years, and the church was or- ganized with a membership of seventeen. Mr. Neely has served as Superintendent of the Sabbath- school at Manilla five years. He is one of the pioneer settlers of this township, has witnessed its development, and has always taken an active interest in everything for the good of his county. fF. WILEY, a farmer living on section 28, Washington township, Crawford 9 county, Iowa, an old settler and widely known, was born in Logan county, Ohio. May 2, 1851. He is the son of James Wiley, born in Ohio, and of Ellen (Slater) Wiley, a native of Pennsylvania. The family settled near Springdale, Cedar county, Iowa, in 1855, being pioneers. The father died there in 1869, leaving his widow with nine children, namely: Mary Elizabeth, Henrietta, Saman- tha, John, Susan, Hattie, Ellen and Dora. Six of them are now living in this county. The mother afterward married Benjamin Hardy and lives in this county. The father of our subject was a farmer and in religious belief was a Friend or Quaker. Our subject was four years old when his parents removed to Cedar county, where he grew up and received his education. At the :'.7S BIOGRAPHICAL HIST0B7 OF age "I twenty lie located in this county and township, settling on wild land, which his in- dustry has converted into a finely improved farm of 4'. K) acres. Reaching here in 1871, lie was "iic id the very early settlers and has Been with his own eyes the building up of the country. Be lias a good house, 20 x 32 feet, a jard and lawn, a grove and orchard of three acres; a barn 20 \ 36 feet, with 16-foot post>, a crib and granary. 2G x 48 feet, witli 20-foot center; sheds, stables, etc.; yards and feed Lots and stock scales for cattle; good fences inclosing the farm, meadows, pastures, plow lots, fruit trees, windmill for forcing water through pipes, etc., etc., — in fact, it would seem all that one could ask for in the way of a complete farm. lie keeps 100 head of cat- tle, a large number of hogs, etc. Mr. Wiley was married June 28, 1874, to Miss Elizabeth Thompson, a daughter ot'T.B. Thompson, of this township, born in Virginia, and of Eliza (Grace) Thompson, who was horn in Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Thomp- son had eight children, four sons and four daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Wiley have seven children, namely: Frank, Josie, Fred, Nettie, Bert, Lida, and Altha. Our subject is a Demwat, a Trustee of the township and a member of the United Breth- ren Church and of lodge No. 444 A. F. & A. M., of Defiance. He is a man at the best period of his life for effective business, and with his popularity, good judgment and en- ergy has a pleasant future before him. | EOR< 1 F SEIFORD, a successful farmer, of Soldier township, section 35, settled on this section. May 1, 1872. buying 160 acres of raw prairie land, which he com- menced to improve. He came to this town ship from Muscatine county, Iowa, where he had settled in 1857, coining there from Ids native county, Delaware, in the State of New- York, where he was born in 1837, being the youngest of four children born to Charles and Louisa Seiford, natives of Germany. The father, when a boy came to New York from Germany and married in Delaware county, that State, about 1822. lie was a baker by trade and followed that line of business in New York. In 1857 he came to Iowa and engaged in farming in what is now Bloom- ington township, later returning to New York, where his death occurred in 1884, when he was about eigbty-four. I lis wife died in 1858, in Iowa. Three of the family are still living: Charles, mechanic of New York city; Carrie, wife of Charles Morrison, of New York city; and George, our subject. George was reared in his native county un- til he was twenty, educated in the public schools of the township, lint when he had attained the above age he came to Muscatine county, Iowa, and engaged in farming. This gentleman was not behind his countr\ - men in responding to tin; call for troops as he enlisted at Wapello, Louisa county, Iowa, in 1861, in Company K, First Missouri Engi- neers, being assigned to the Western army. Mr. Seiford was at the battles of New Mad- rid, Island Number Ten, Corinth. Shiloh and in 1864 his regiment was consolidated with the Twenty-fifth Missouri Infantry, under the same name, and went with General Sherman on his march to the sea. Our subject was honorably discharged at Atlanta, Georgia, November 1, 1864, but went on with thecom- pany to Savannah ami was working in the (Quartermaster's Department. From that city he went to Columbia, and from there to the Carolinas, and from there returned home and resumed the peaceful occupation of farming, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 379 opening up a farm on an island, which he con- tinued until 1872. He bought 160 acres of good land, erected a residence, 28 x 30, a story and a half high, planted a good orchard, shade and ornamental trees, about eight to nine acres in all, five of which formed an ar- tificial grove. He put the original farm un- der culture, fenced it all, added to it until he now owns 520 acres of land in a good state of cultivation, and pasturage, on which he raises a good grade of stock. He was married in Muscatine county, Iowa, in 1865, to Clarissa Bowers, a native of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, daughter of Mi'. Bowers, who came to Muscatine county at an early dateand lived and died in the county. Mr. and Mrs. Seiford have eight children, namely: Sarah, wife of N. Unrich, of Char- ter Oak; Charles, married, residing on a farm; Emma, wife of George Minder, of Muscatine; George, Jr., Benjamin Sherman, Ellen May and Clinton. Mr. Seiford takes some interest in politics) is a member of Post No. 119, of Monona county, Iowa. He was the first continuous resident of Soldier township, having lived twenty years in the township, and the time is not far distant when there were only nine voters in the whole township. He has seen nearly all of the improvements made in the township as well as a great many of the county iinpi-ovements. He is a worthy, good citizen and the county and township owes much of its prosperity to him. iE. L. Q. SPAULDING, a prominent physician of Battle Creek, Iowa, is a native of Berrien county, Michigan, born September 7, 1860. The Spauldings are descended from English ancestors who came from Lincolnshire, England, to the United States in 1630. The Doctor's father, Edmund Spaulding, was born April 14, 1815, and October 30, 1845. was married to Eleanor H. Quint, a native of Maine. They had nine children, three of whom became physicians, namely: Dr. O. S. Spaulding, of Toronto, Kansas; Dr. L. Q. Spaulding, the subject of our sketch; and Dr. C. W. Spaulding, of Dowagiac, Michigan. Dr. L. Q. Spaulding received his education in Berrien county, Michigan, and at the age of nineteen engaged in teaching. He sub- sequently attended the State Normal School at Valparaiso, Indiana, for a time. He first commenced the study of medicine under the instructions of Dr. M. W. Slocum at Buch- anan, Michigan. Then he entered Hahne- mann Medical College, Chicago, where he graduated in the class of 1886. Since com- ing to Battle Creek he has established himself in a good practice, and is thoroughly identi- fied with the best interests of the place, both professionally and otherwise. He was married, June 22, 1887, to Eva A. Waitley, who was born in Indiana, and edu- cated at Des Moines, Iowa. She is a daughter of C. H. Waitley^ of Crawford county, Iowa. Of the union a son, Leon H., was born Novem- ber 19, 1892. DMUND HOWORTH, who resides three and a half miles from Dow City, is one of the prominent old settlers of Crawford county, and without some mention of him in connection with the pioneer days of this section of the country its history would be incomplete. It is with pleasure that we present the following sketch in this volume: 880 HIOGHM'IUCM, HISTORY hio, and in 1853 they came to Craw- ford county, Iowa. They located on a farm in Becti on 2G, Union township, improved the same and lived on it the remainder of their lives. The father died at the age of sixty- seven years, and the mother survived him only six weeks, her death occurring at the age of seventy-one. Mr. Howorth was by trade a hand-loom weaver and wool-comber, hut the latter years of his life were devoted to agricultural pursuits, lie was politically an Abolitionist and Republican; religiously, a believer in Calvinistic doctrines. The subject of our sketch grew up and received his education in his native land and there learned his father's trade, that of hand- loom weaver. lie worked in a factory in England until 1850. when he, too, came to America and located in Athens county, Ohio. Two years later he went to Cannelton, In- diana, where he worked in a factory for a while, being foreman a portion of the time. In 1853 he came to Iowa, improved some land in thi8 county, and subsequently sold the same to James Butler. He then bought the property on which he now lives, a tine farm in section ~S-'>. Union township. His first house here, a rude loo; structure, 1G x 16 feet, was a home known far and wide I'm- the genial hospitality dispensed therein. The latch-string always hung out and friend and Btranger alike were welcome. Deer and wolves were plentiful here then, and Indians were frequently seen lurking about. As the years rolled by, Mr. Howorth prospered and in time became the owner of 1,165 acres of rich soil, his present holdings. His rude loo; cabin has been replaced by a modern cottage home, located about forty rods back from the main highway, and well finished and fur- nished throughout. He has a fine grove and Orchard, barn, granary, cribs, etc., and every thing conveniently arranged for successfully carrying on farming operations. His meadow rivals the famous Kentucky blue-grass. Mr. Howorth was married July 5, 1862, to Mrs. Sabrina Wood, a native of Mercer county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of I. li. Goodrich, one of the early pioneers of this county. A sketch of him appears elsewhere in this volume. Mr. and Mrs. Howorth have eight children living, viz.: John, James, Mary, Lulu, Isaac, Daniel, Maggie and Frank. Lulu is a popular and successful teacher. One 6on, Edmnnd, died at the age of sixteen year.-. Mrs. Howorth and daughter Mary are members of the Kapti.-t Church at Dow City, Mr. Howorth being an attendant and sup- porter of the same. In politics he is inde- pendent, having supported the Republican party for some years, but believing in the more liberal trade policy of the Democratic party, he has supported its principles recently. He has never songht public preferment, but has persistently refused to accept otlice. He was the first Supervisor ever elected in the county, but declined to qualify. Socially, politically ami financially, he is regarded as one of the substantial men of the community. s©*-*^ HARLES F. F.USS, of Union town- ship, post office Dow City. Iowa, is an- other one of the BUCCessful farmers and early settlers of Crawford county. He bought CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 381 land here in 1854, and since 1859 has lived on it. Briefly given, a sketch of his life is as follows: C. F. Buss was born in Prussia, twenty- seven miles east of Berlin, May 12, 1833, son of G. Buss, a native of the same country. His parents both died in Prussia, his mother when he was a babe. Mr. Buss went to school from the time he was six until he was fourteen. Then he spent three years and a half working at the blacksmith trade. At the age of seventeen he left his native land, went to Hull, England, thence to Liverpool, and from there to New York city. He made the ocean voyage in a three-mast vessel, being thirty-eight days at sea. From New York he went to Chicago, via the New York & Erie railroad, and thence to Milwaukee. Chicago and Milwaukee were then both small places. After working in the vicinity of Milwaukee three years became farther West and spent some time in Burt county, Ne- braska, in Omaha and in Carroll county, Iowa. In 1859 he settled on his present farm, 200 acres in Crawford county, and on it built a log house. His modern residence, one of the best in the county, was built in 1882. The main part, 22x32 feet, is two- stories, having a story-and-a-half L, 16 x 24 feet, and a kitchen 10 x 16 feet. It is well finished and furnished throughout, is sur- rounded with lawn, grove and orchard, and commands a magnificent view of the adjacent country. The general appearance of this attractive home at once stamps its owners as people of culture and refinement. To his original holdings he has since added until his home farm comprises 320 acres, and he also owns 480 acres in Boyer township. His land is utilized for general farming and stock pur- poses. He keeps a high grade of cattle, horses, hogs and sheep, and has every con- venience for successfully carrying on the stock business, his water supply being piped from springs to large tanks. His barn is 32 x 60 feet in dimensions. Mr. Buss was married in Monona county, Iowa, to Miss Maria Agens, who was born in St. Clair county, Michigan, fifty miles from Detroit, daughter of Henry and Mary Ann (Kinyon) Agens. When she was fifteen she came with her parents from Michigan to Iowa, they being among the first settlers of Monona county. For two or three years their nearest neighbors lived seven or eight miles away. They had school in their own house, and Mrs. Buss was a teacher for some time. Mr. and Mrs. Buss'have five children living, namely: Lydia C, wife of Lewis E. Vore, of this township; William U., Ed H., Fred C, and Clara M. They lost three children: Hattie, at the age of eleven months; Roy, aged three months; and Mary E., a bright and amiable girl of seventeen. Mr. Buss was for years a Republican, and served as Justice of the Peace two years, and for some time as a member of the School Board. He however cast his vote for Cooper and Weaver. He is a member of the Farmers' Alliance. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are people highly esteemed for their many estimable qualities. - ^isiSlfb—^^insirL, - (OBERT BELL, one of the prosperous farmers and early settlers of Paradise township, Crawford county, Iowa, was born in the Lowlands of Scotland, December 17, 1836. His parents, Sandlandes and Mary (Jeffrey) Bell, were also natives of that same vicinity. Robert was sixteen when the fam- ily came to the United States. They first 882 MOaitAPIIlCM. H18T0RY OF Bottled in Harrison county, Iowa, west of Woodbine and near Bigler's grove, and in 1856 they came to Crawford county, locating on the line bet ween Union and Paradise town- ships. Here the father improved a farm of 140 acres and lived on it until the time of his ''•■nth. some years ago. He left a widow and six children, viz.: John, who died at the old home place; Robert, whose name heads this article; Henry, Deputy County Sheriff, Dow City; Mary, deceased wife of Dr. 1 Scatty, of Dunlap, Iowa; Andrew, Paradise township, this county; and George, who resides with his mother at the old homestead. She is now seventy -eight years of age. Their eldest son, Tames, Hied previous to his father's death. The father was a farmer all his life. Po- litically, he was a Democrat; religiously, a Presbyterian. In 1857 Mr. Bell located on his present farm, 265 acres, in section 34, Paradise town- ship, devoting his time to the cultivation and improvement of his land. He has one of the best farms in this part of the township and everything about the premises shows the thrilt and enterprise of its owner. His com- fortable cottage home is located on a natural building site, and is surrounded by a lawn, dotted over with shade and ornamental trees, and near by is a grove and orchard. He also has a tenement house. His barn is 32x62 feet, with 16-foot posts. An abundant water supply is furnished by pure springs, the water being piped to tanks in the yards, feed-lots, etc. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Bell laid out and platted a tract of forty acres, and the village was named Bell in his honor. Mr. Bell was married in 1872 to Miss Anna Rae, a native of Fifeshire, Scotland, daughter of Thomas and Jeanette Ilae. They had three children, only one of whom, James Nelson, is now living. Jeanette R. died at the age of four years, and Mary A. was killed by a rail- road accident near Dow City, in the spring of 1892. She was nineteen years of age. was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Chnrch, was educated and refined, and was loved by all who knew her. Mrs. Bell departed this life about seven years ago. In bis political affiliations Mr. Bell is a Democrat, being one of the wheel horses of the party in his portion of the county. He has served as County Supervisor and is the present Town Trustee. He is a worthy mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is a man whose many estimable qualities have gained tor him a large circle of friends. %.: > EUBEN YOKE, one of the well-known early settlers of Crawford county, Iowa, resides on a farm in section 32, Union township, his post office address being Dun- lap. He has been identified with the farm- ing interests of this section of the country since November, 1855, and is justly entitled to some personal mention in the history of his county. Reuben Vore was born in Athens county, Ohio, January 16, 1831. His father, Pierson Vore, was born in Guernsey county, that State, a descendant of an old Maryland fam- ily, and his mother, nee Cynthia Joy, also a native of Guernsey county, Ohio, was the daughter of a soldier of the war of 1812. They were married in their native county, from there went to Athens county, Ohio, and in 1855 came to Iowa, locating in Harrison county. Reuben was reared on the old farm near Nelson ville, Athens county, Ohio. Hav- ing arrived at man's estate he was married there in August, 1855, to Miss Ann E. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 383 Whaley, and on October 3 they started in a "prairie schooner" overland for this State, and landed in Crawford county November 11. His parents came West at the same time. They located at Harris Grove, Harrison county, while he settled on his present prop- erty in Crawford county. The Vore family was composed of seven sons and three daugh- ters. The mother died at the age of seventy- six years, and the father at eighty-three. He was a Republican and a Methodist. In the fall of 1855, when Reuben Vore settled here, his land was all wild and unim- proved, and he was one of the earliest pioneers of this locality. His primitive log cabin was only 16 x 16 feet, but its latch-string always hung out, and however meager its accomoda- tions there was always room for the friend or stranger, both alike receiving a cordial wel- come, and sharing the genial hospitality so freely dispensed by Mr. Vore and his good wife. By his industry and good management Mr. Vore enjoyed prosperity, and as the years rolled by he purchased more land, at one time owning 1,100 acres. He has since, however, deeded some to his children. He now owns 737 acres, one of the best farms in the town- ship. The old cabin home has been replaced by a modern frame residence, furnished in a manner that shows the culture and refinement of the family. It is beautifully located on a natural building site and is surrounded with an attractive lawn, across which tall pines and ornamental trees cast their inviting shade. To the north of the house is a grove of forest trees. He has a fine orchard and plenty of small fruit. His barns, outbuildings, fences, etc., are all first-class and arranged with refer- ence to convenience. Here for thirty-seven years he has devoted his attention to general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Vore's marriage has already been re- ferred to. Mrs. Vore was born, reared and educated in Athens county, Ohio, daughter of John and Lucy (Hill) Whaley, both natives of that State. Her paternal ancestors were residents of New Hampshire, and her mother's people were of German extraction. Mr. and Mrs. Whaley had ten children, four sons and six daughters. Two of the sons, John J. and Charles B., were soldiers of the late war. The former is now a resident of Ohio, and the latter died in this county. Mr. Whaley died in Ohio. His widow, a resident of Athens county, that State, is now seventy-six years of age and in good health. Mr. and Mrs. Vore have four children, viz.: Ellen, wife of Albert Lymon. of Boyer township, has four sons; Lewis A. Vore married Lydia Buss, has one son and three daughters, and lives in Union township, this county; Pearl Vore, also of Union township, married Mary Higley, and has one daughter; and Fred, who married Mary Lymon, has one son, and lives in Union township. Charles, their third born, died at the age of four- teen years. They gave to each of their children a good education. Previous to her marriage, Ellen was successfully engaged in teaching for some time. Mr. Vore's political views are in harmony with Republican prin- ciples. He and his family are among the most highly respected people of their com- m unity. (HARLES ROBERTSON, a prominent stockman, of Iowa, is located on section 3, Willow township, near Charter Oak. This popular citizen came here in 1877, hav- ing been born in Scotland, December 14, 1851. He was the son of Mathew, who was 384 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF the SOU of Charles Robertson, an old Scotch family residing near Edinborongh. The mother of our subject was Mary McMurdock, who was born in Scotland also. These par- ents came to the United States in 1852 and located near Cleveland, Ohio, where they re- mained for two years, after which they went to Keokuek and remained one year, and in the fall of 1855 removed to Polk county, Iowa, near Des Moines, then a small Govern- ment fort with only a few inhabitants, as the capital was at Iowa City at that time, and there was do railroad in the State. The father pur- chased a good farm near Des Moines, which the family still owns. Here the father died at the age of forty-seven, leaving three sons and three daughters: Charles, Mary, Jennie, Belle, Thomas and James. The widow and four of the children live on the old place. One daughter lives at Manning, Iowa. Charles grew up on a frontier farm in Polk county, where he received his education, and in 1877 bought land here. He was one of the first settlers near Charter Oak, where lie has a valuable farm of 480 acres, well im- proved. His residence upon the place is a one and a half story, wjth an L, 16 x 24 feet, while the house itself is 16 x 28 feet. It is nicely furnished and is situated in the midst of a beautiful lawn, which is surrounded by a grove of three or four acres. He has barns, sheds, stables, feed-lots and yards and also a modern windmill, which forces water to a big cistern of 100 barrels, and 700 feet of piping leads the water through tanks to the yards and feed-lots. Mr. Robertson raises large numbers of cattle and hogs and feeds extensively. He owns some Shorthorns and Jersey cows and bo me Poland-China swine. He was married at De^ Moines, [owa, October 2, 1873, to Sylvia Egbert, a lady of intelligence, refinement and education, born in Ohio, daughter of .lames and Catherine (Clemmer) Egbert, deceased. Four daughters were born to Mr. and Mrs. Robertson, name- ly: Nettie May. Edith M., Cora Bell and Nellie Vern. Our subject is a Republican. He has served as Township Trustee, Justice of the Peace and belongs to the I. O. O. F. of Charter Oak, of which he is one of the officials and charter members. Mrs. Rob- ertson is a worthy and active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and a teacher in the Sunday-school. Our subject is in the prime of life, intelligent, of broad and pro- gressive views and is a very popular citizen. OSS A. NICHOLSON, proprietor of the Crawford County Observer, was born at Barnesville, Belmont county, Ohio, -I une 24, 1861, a son of John L., and Eleanor (Young) Nicholson, natives also of that State. Ross A. was three years of age when the family moved to Mahaska county, Iowa, where he was reared to manhood and received his education. His first work was on the New Sharron Star, of that county. In 1885 he purchased of G. A. W. Davison his pres- ent paper, which then had a circulation of about 350. Mr. Nicholson has worked to make the paper a bright, newsy sheet; has In creased the circulation to 800, and it is now a six-column quarto paper. It is one of the leading and best sheets published in the county, anil the editor is deserving of much credit and praise for the able manner in which he has built it up to its pre.-ent position. Po- litically, it is independent. Mr. Nicholson was married at Oskaloosa, [owa, at the age of twenty-three years, to Miss Lolia A. Champion, who was reared and ed- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 385 ucated in Mahasha county, and a daughter of J. J., and Nancy Champion. Our subject and wife have one child, Una Fern, aged live years. Mr. Nicholson is a member of the Masonic order, Lodge No. 422, of Vail, and of the K. of P., Ainsworth Lodge, No. 148, of West Side, Iowa. f[DWIN E. LUCAS, Postmaster of West- side, Crawford County, was born in the ' town of Indiana, Pennsylvania, January 27,1829, a son of William Lucas, also a native of Pennsylvania, of Irish extraction. Our sub- ject's mother, nee Mary Jones, was born in Pennsylvania, daughter of Peter Jones, also a native of that State, and of Swedish descent. William Lucas, a merchant by occupation, died when our subject was small, and the mother was deceased in Pennsylvania. Edwin R. Lucas was reared and educated in his native city, where he also learned the tail- ors' trade, and he followed the same three and a half years. He was employed as a clerk in a store until 1856, and in that year removed to De Witt, Iowa, and followed the same occupa- tion until the breaking out of the late war. He was one of the brave men to go to the defense of his country, joining the Twenty-sixth Iowa Infantry, Company II, under Colonel Milo Smith and Captain C. M. Nye. Mr. Lucas participated in the battles of Arkansas Point, Chickasaw Bayou, siege of Vicksbnrg, and in the latter place he contracted a disease whicli made him unfit for active duty. He was honorably discharged in April, 18G3. After returning to Clinton county, Iowa, he was employed as a clerk in a general store at De Witt, held the position of Deputy County Treasurer four years, he was then elected Treasurer of Clinton county and served in that capacity eight years. In 1882 he re- moved to Cedar Rapids, thib State, and in 1884 he came to Westside, where he was engaged in business for a time. July 1, 1889, he was appointed Postmaster of this city, under President Harrison, and has proved a popular and trustworthy official. Mr. Lucas was married in Clinton County, Iowa, in 1857, to Miss Mary E. Robinson, a native of Pern, Indiana, and a daughter of Henry and Mary (Timberlake) Robinson. To this union has'been born six children, viz.: H. W., E. R., V. H.,W. S., F. C, and Mary L. Four sons are successful and respected business men, and the youngest son and daughter are at home. Politically, Mr. Lucas affiliates with the Republican party; socially, is a charter member of the G. A. R., Kilpatrick Post, No. 415; and religiously, both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Church. He has always taken an active part in education and religion and every good and moral cau-e has met with his hearty support and co-operation. He is intelligent, courteous and pleasant with all, and a popular citizen. £ > |HEODORE and LOUIS KUHL, pro- prietors of the Manilla Livery, Sale ?p> & Feed Barn, have the largest and best livery business in western Iowa They keep first-class teams, speedy roadsters, safe drivers and tine single and double carriages. Their barn is 50 x 100 feet, well arrano-ed for horses and carriages. They keep sixteen good driving horses. The proprietors are good business men, and are popular with all w r i.o know them. Theodore Kuhl, the senior member of the tirm, was born in Scott county, Iowa, in 1858, a son of James and Paulina Kuhl. He re- :;sf, lUiiUKM'lllCAL HISTORY of moved From his native county to Ports- mouth, Shelby county, this S:at>\ where be was engaged in the drug ami hardware bnsi m-> fur eight years, and then conducted the 8aine busint'.-s in this city for a time. He holds the office of City Recorder and Secre- tary of the Independent District of -Manilla. lie was married in his native county to Wil- helmina Ivuhl, and they have four children: Cora, Effie, Walter and Verne. Louis Kuhl was also born in Scott county, and at the age of twenty two years was mar- ried to Lena Herman, a native of that county. They have one child, Prank, now six years of age. In their political views our subjects are identified with the Democratic party, and Theodore is also a member of the I. O. U. 1'.: Louis is a member of the Iv. of P. fOIIN F. ADAMS, one of the respected citizens of Charter Oak township, Craw- ford county, Iowa, was born in Perry county, Ohio, November 18, 1844, son of William and Amelia (Taylor) Adams, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, respectively. Both died in Perry county, Ohio, where they had passed their lives. The father was a farmer and blacksmith. He worked at his trade for thirty years. His death occurred in 1882, at the age of seventy-five years. The mother was born in 1818 and died in April, 1892. They had a family of eleven children, namely: Thomas, who entered the Union army at the first call, in April, 1861; was color-bearer of Company K, Twen- ty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry; was killed in May, 1865, at Brownsville, Texas; Joseph, who enlisted in 1861 in the Sixty second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was killed at Strawberry Plain.-, August 16. 1864; Rob- ert, a blacksmith by trade, is a resident of Keokuk, Iowa; Mary, deceased; John F., whose name appears at the head of this arti- cle; Martha, deceased; Catharine, wifeof I. A. Mains, Charter Oak, Iowa; Samuel, a resident of Perry county, Ohio; Margarette, wife of John Mains, Ute, Iowa; Charles, deceased; William, a resident of Lincoln, Nebraska; and Frances, wife of A. D. I-'owler, Perry county, Ohio. John F. Adams grew up to farm life in his native county. February 29, 1^6 1. he enlisted in Company C, Sixty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served all through the war, being mustered out June 6, 1865. He participated in numerous battles and en- gagements, and at Appomattox received a gunshot wound in bis thigh. After the war he returned .to Ohio, and in 1866 came West to Monona county, Iowa, locating at Onawa, where he was engaged in the sawmill business until 1872. He then went to Sioux City and was in the employ of the Sioux City Railroad Company two years. In 1^74 he took up his abode in Charter Oak township, Crawford county, and began to develop a farm of 120 acres on section 28, which he had purchased in 1868 or 1869. Here he erected a residence, 16x24 feet, with a wing. 11 x 20 feet, and planted a grove and orchard and made other improvements. He continued to reside on this place until 1882, when he sold out and purchased his present farm, 160acres on section 19, slightly improved at the time of purchase. On it he has since lived, devoting his time and atten- tion to general farming. Mr. Adams is a member of the 0. A. EL, Vanderver Post, and in politics is a Repub- lican. He is a member of the I < >. 0. F„ No. 105. and of Charter Oak Encampment. He was married December 10, 1876, to Miss Charlotte I.. Thompson, daughter of J. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 387 W. D. and Amelia (Davis) Thompson, na- tives of New York and Ohio, respectively. Both her parents have passed away, the fa- ther in Crawford county and the mother in Monona county, Iowa. Mrs. Adams was born in Fremont county, Iowa, August 22, 1863. They have had three children, one of whom died in infancy. Those living are Robert and Jennie. Mrs. Adams is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. IEORGE W. HOLMES, one of the early settlers of the western part of Crawford county, Iowa, was born in Madison county, New York, October 26, 1833, onlv child of William Benjamin and Hannah (Snell) Holmes, of English and German ex- traction. His father is deceased. His mother, now seventy-six years of age, is a resident of Will county, Illinois. When George W. was eleven years old the family moved from New York to Wisconsin and settled near Janesville. Two years later they went to Jo Daviess county, Illinois, and in 1857 came to Iowa, locating at De Witt, Clinton county. In Clinton county the sub- ject of our sketch made his home until 1883, with the exception of time spent in the army. August 15, 1862, Mr. Holmes enlisted as a member of Company D, Twenty- sixth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered out of the service at Reed vi lie, Massachusetts, July 7, 1865. He participated in numerous bat- tles and skirmishes, prominent among which were those of Arkansas Post, siege of Vicks- burg, and Jackson, Mississippi. He was taken prisoner at Bloomington, Maryland, but was paroled soon afterward. Mr. Holmes had a meat market at De Witt. At Monmouth, Jackson county, I"wa,healso kept grocery for a time, and while there rep- resented the American Express Company; this was in 1858. A portion of the time he was in Clinton county he wa6 engaged in farming. In September, 1883, he came to Crawford county and has since made his home here. He bought eighty acres of wild land in section 20, Charter Oak township, improved it with good buildings, etc., and lived on it until 1890. That year he sold his farm, moved to Charter Oak and is now living retired. He owns both residence and business property here, having the latter rented. At the time Mr. Holmes located in Crawford county this portion of it was sparsely settled and he has been a prominent factor in developing its resources and advancing its best interests, doing much to build up the social and moral standard of his community, and has by his own energy and means con- verted three wild farms into beautiful homes. He also owned and conducted a coal and wood yard in Charter Oak. Mr. Holmes 1 political views are in harmony with Democratic principles, and to that party he gives his vote and influence. He has served as Trustee of his township and is now Chairman of the Township Board. He was a member of the Council of the city of Clin- ton, Iowa, for two years and helped to organ- ize the Germania Building Association of that city, and was its president two terms. He is a member of Vandever Post, Ute, Iowa, G. A. R., No. 119. He helped to organize the Western Iowa Veteran Association, which includes the counties of Ida, Monona, Craw- ford, Harrison, Shelby and Pottawattamie, and in this organization has served in official capacities on various occasions. He and his family are members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. 388 liliiHRM'HK'AL HISTORY OF July 4. 1855, Mr. Holmes was married in Jo Daviess county, Illinois, to Miss Mary J. Ankeny, a Dative of Ogle county, that State. They have five children, namely: William II., a carpenter; Clara E., wife of William Stnkas, of Clinton, Iowa; Dnrward A., also of Clin- ton, Iowa; Irene ()., engaged in teaching in this county; ami Hattie A., at home. ARM AND SCHURKE, dealers in drygoods, clothing, hoots and shoes, groceries, queensware, etc., Charter Oak, Iowa, is one of the enterprising business firms of the town. It was established in the summer Jof 1887. Messrs. Harms Schurke began business witli a stock of goods worth about §".2,000, which they opened up in a small building, 24 x 38 feet, they had erected for the purpose. This room is now occupied by a drug store. They continued to do husiness in this building two years, increasing their stock as trade demanded. Their present com- modious quarters, a room 80 x 24 feet, is stocked with 820.OOI) worth of goods, and their annual sales amount to more than sr, 1 1,000. Christian Harm, the head mem her of this firm, was born in Holstein, Germany, April 13, 1861, and was reared and educated in his native land. At the age of fourteen he en- tered ;t mercantile estahlishment, in which he was employed as clerk for seven years. In 1882 he came to America and located in Den ison, Iowa, being employed by M. Goldheim, in the clothing business, for three years, and afterward by J. P. Miller ik Co., two years. At the end of that time he concluded to go into business for himself, and accordingly formed a partnership with Carl Schurke, the firm name being Harm & Schurke. Hav- ing been trained from his youth up in a mer- cantile establishment, and being naturally of a genial and obliging disposition, Mr. Harm is especially adapted for the business in which he is encaced, and is sure to continue BUC cossful. He is eminently a self made man. Start i n £ at the very hot to in, he has by honesty and industry gradually ascended the ladder of fortune, and is now among the county's well- to-do citizens, lie built his residence in Charter Oak. Politically, his views are in harmony with Democratic principles. Soci- ally, he is affiliated with the K. of I'.. -No. 221. Mr. Harm was married in Den ison, Iowa, in December, 1884, to Miss Mary Peters, a native of Germany. They have a family of three children: Freda. Henry T and ILosa. tL. WALTEK, of the rim of Walter Bros., prominent grain merchants, of 9 western Iowa, is a young man of busi- ness ability and push. The other members of the firm are J. G. Walter, of Ida Grove, and C. A. Walter, of Oto. They have five grain elevators, one in each of the following towns: Ida Grove, Battle Creek, Oto, Castana and Charter Oak. The one at Charter Oak was built in 1888, and has a capacity of 15,000 bushels. They handle annually 1,200 to 1,500 carloads of grain. They also do an extensive businass in coal and live-stock. Bbip ping 400 to 500 carloads of live stock each year. J. L. Walter was born in Cedar Lake, In- diana, October 27, 1861, son of Frederick and Catharine (Lintner) Walter, natives of Ger- many, and now residents of Sac county, Iowa. He was reared chiefly in Illinois. At the age of twenty-two he engaged in the grain busi- nesB at Correction ville, Iowa, and has since CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 889 devoted his attention to this line of business. Mr. Walter was married November 27, 1890, to Miss Amelia Schurke, of Charter Oak, a native of Clinton county, Iowa. They have one child, Charles W. He affiliates with the Republican party. Socially, he is a member of the A. F. & A. M., No. 474, Correctionville Lodge, and I. O. O. F., No. 105, Charter Oak, and also Char- ter Oak Encampment, No. 142. He is a man in every way worthy of the respect and esteem in which he is held by all who know him. fP . CONNER was born January 27, 1851, in Delaware county, Indiana. Q His father's name was William Conner, a native of North Carolina, and a physician by profession. His mother was a native of Pennsylvania. The father died when our subject was three years old and from that time, until he attained his majority, his life was largely spent upon a farm in Black Hawk county, Iowa. His opportunities for educa- tion, until he was sixteen years of age, were very limited and were only such as children living in country precincts enjoy, the chief industry of the country regions being farm- ing and cattle-raising, and education a sec- ondary consideration. At the age of sixteen, realizing the importance of securing an edu- cation, he started in to take the college course in Upper Iowa University, at Fayette, Iowa, and for four years attended this institution, paying his expenses by means of money earned in teaching and various other kinds of employment during vacation. Reaching his senior and finding that the last year in col- lege was not of sufficient benefit to warrant the expense of attending, he left Fayette and went to Iowa City and graduated in the law 30 school at that place, June, 1873. In the lat- ter part of the same year he located at Deni- son, Iowa, and commenced the practice of law at that place, the practice being from the start lucrative and successful, and continued so until January 1, 1881, when he assumed the duties of District Attorney of the Thir- teenth Judicial District of Iowa, comprising the counties of Green, Carroll, Crawford, Au- dubon, Shelby, Cass, Pottawattamie, Mills and Fremont, having been elected to this office at the general election the preceding fall. He discharged the duties devolving upon him with marked ability, and was the most able and efficient prosecutor the district ever had. The records in his own county show that he ran more than 200 votes ahead of the ticket of his party. He continued to hold this office for four years, until December 31, 1884, when he went upon the Circuit Bench of the same district, having been elected the preceding fall by a safe majority, although his party in the district was beaten by more than 500 votes. He continued to hold this position for two years when the Legislature abolished the office of Circuit Judo-e and di- o vided the judicial districts again, by which the county in which he resided, Crawford, became a part of the Sixteenth Judicial Dis- trict of Iowa, which embraces the counties of Green, Carroll, Crawford, Ida, Sac and Cal- houn. He was elected to the office of Dis- trict Judge in his district and served the full term, but declined renomination. Judge Conner's career has been honorable and progressive. Many important trusts have been committed to his care and keeping, in all of which he has proved faithful, discharg- ing the duties pertaining to them with a high degree of ability and integrity. As a lawyer and judge he has won and retained the confi- dence of men of all parties and conditions. 890 lilOGRAPniCM, HISTORY OF He is best known in his judicial career. Asa jndge he was never Bwayed by any other con- sideration than a sense of duty. He possesses all the qualifications of judicial character, extensive legal learning, sound morality, ur- bane and agreeable manners. To him truth and right are more desirable and more last- ing than popularity. A tier ten years of official life he resinned the practice of law at Denison, at which place he continues to live and practice his profes- sion. He is a Republican in politics, and cast his first presidential vote for General IT. S. Grant, in 1872. since which time he has been an active worker in behalf of that party. He was selected as a delegate from the Congres- sional District in which lie lives to the Re- publican National Convention at Minneapo- lis, held June 7, 1892. Aside from his offi- cial and professional duties he devotes some attention to other enterprises, being a stock- holder and director in the Crawford County State Bank, and a large owner of real estate. Be is a prominent member of the Method- ist Episcopal Church, and contributes lib- erally to its support. On October 12, 18,75, he was united in marriage to Miss Allie M. Cowdery, daughter of Henry A. Cowdery, of Ma/.o Manie, State of Wisconsin. ;U. It. L. OSBORN, dentist of Denison, Iowa, located in this city November 10, 1891. He is a native of Princeton, Iowa, having been born October 4, 1868, son of John and Harriet (Culbertsou) Osborn, now of Denison. Our subject was reared in Adair county. where he received his education, and at six- teen began the study of dentistry with Dr. F. M. Swain, of Stuart, Iowa, entering the State University dental department in the fall of 1887. lie passed an examination before the Iowa State Hoard of Examiners, held at Dee Moines, May, INN'.t, and received permanent license. Previous to this time he was asso- ciated with Dr. W. J. Phillips, at Greenfield, Adair county, where he continued until the fall of 1889, when he located at Audubon, Iowa, remaining there for two years, con- tinuing his practice. At that time he dis- posed of his business to Dr. J. E. Clarke and removed to Denison, after some months spent in traveling on the Western coast in search of a suitable location. He is a young man of much ability, and has by Ins proficiency built up an extensive practice during his short stay in Denison, and hi> pleasant rooms in the II. C. Laub Plock are crowded with pal ients. The Doctor is a stanch Democrat and loy- ally supports the principles of that party. He is a good business man, an excellent den- tist, and will make his mark in the city of which he is an honored inhabitant. 1H HILI1> A. SCHLUMBERGER, County Clerk of Crawford county, Iowa, i> a native of l'rngg, Switzerland, born duly 23, 1858, son of Philip A. and Anna(Rhyner) Senium berger. The father died when our Bubject was an infant and Ids mother died in 1*77. They had only two children. Philip remained in his native country until he was thirteen years of age. and then came to Amer- ica with his mother, locating at Des Moines, Iowa, lie began to take care of himself upon his arrival in this State, and began his strug- gle with the world by working on a farm in Polk and Warren counties, and at the age of CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 391 twenty-two went to Griswold and engaged in the grain business for almost a year, when he entered a drug store and attended the College of Pharmacy from 1880 to 1881 at Chicago, after which lie returned to Griswold, but after a short time went to Omaha, where he remained but a short time, and finally came to Denison, Iowa, in 1882, and engaged as a clerk for two or three years, when he formed a partnership with A. C. Wrigley, under the firm name of Schlumberger & Wrigley, con- tinuing this for five years, when they sold out to Dr. William Iseminger, for whom our subject managed the business until he formed a partnership with M. Odell. In the fall of 1890 he was elected to the office of County Clerk of Crawford county, Iowa. Mr. Schlumberger is a stanch Demo- crat, and has been Chairman of the Demo- cratic Central Committee three terms. He was active in getting the telephone estab- lished in Denison and in other projects cal- culated to benefit the city. He is a member of A. F. & A. M., Sylvan Lodge, No. 507; Denison Ark Chapter, No. 99. He was married to Miss Anna A. Wrigley, daughter of James and Mary H. (Haywood) Wrigley. The father is deceased, but the mother still resides in Denison. Our subject and his wife are the parents of three children, namely: Anna 13., Grade M. and James W. He was reared in the Protestant faith, in which he has always continued. He is the chairman of the Transportation Committee of the Pharmaceutical Society and member, of the same. When he was nominated for his present office it was accomplished on the sec- ond ballot. He has so conducted his office since he has held the position that he has won the confidence and esteem of every one, including the members of the court and bar. The records have been kept with such accu- racy and neatness that when he retires from office he will leave a record behind him for fidelity to his obligations that will insure the lasting respect and confidence of the public. He is always obliging and most faithful in the discharge of his duties, and he is one of the most efficient County Clerks that Craw- ford county has ever had. ^fOSEPH PIE PER, Trustee of Milford ~Mj\ township. Crawford county, was born in ^tC St. Louis, Missouri, November 2, 1849, a son of Phillip Pieper, a native of Prussia, and a miller by trade. Our subject's mother, nee Susan Scienter, was born, reared and married in Prussia. After marriage the par- ents came to America, locating at St. Louis, Missouri, where the father worked at his trade. When our subject was a lad of five years, the family removed to. Caman,che, Clin- ton county, Iowa. The father was killed in the great tornado of 1860, leaving a widow and six children, namely: Joseph, our subject; Matilda, a resident of Clinton county; Will- ian}, Louisa and Flora, of New Mexico; and Tracy, of Colorado. The mother now resides in Clinton county, Iowa, aged sixty-eight years. In early life Joseph Pieper was employed in a brick-yard, later learned the trade of collar-making with a firm at Clinton, and in 1880 came to this county. In 1875 he bought the farm on which he now resides, where he has a srood, comfortable home, and all the im- provements necessary to a well-regulated farm. He was married in December, 1878, to Hannah Dixon, a native of Clinton county, Iowa, and a daughter of John and Catherine (Sullivan) Dixon, residents of that county. U92 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF Mr. and Mrs. Pieper have ,-ix children, viz.: Gertrude Ellen, William, Prank, Karl, Wal- ter and George. Mr. Pieper is a Democrat in his political views, has served as Trustee for the past three years, and has made a good and popular official. Socially- he is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F., No. 430, of Vail. • J. SCRIVER, head of the firm of Scriver & Co., Denison, Iowa, has r-sf|srj been a resident of this place since 18S4, and is prominently identified with its business interests. This firm succeeded C. H. Do Wolf in 1884, his since increased its facilities for business, and now carries a com- plete stock of lumber, lath, shingles, cement, and, in fact, all kinds of building material, besides handling coal. The plant is located north of the Northwestern railroad station, and the company also has yards at Dow City, Charter Oak and 1'te. In short, this firm is the leading one of its kind in Crawford county, and is doing an immense business. As one of the well known men of the county. it is fitting that more Than a passing mention should be made of Mr. Scriver. He was born in St. John's county, Quebec, Canada, November 2, 1849, son of Edwin and Susan (Quest) Scriver, also natives pf Canada. His maternal ancestors were English, while his paternal ancestors came from Holland. The subject of our sketch remained \o his native land until he was seventeen, attending school and clerking in a mercantile establish- ment. He then spent one summer in Boston,, Massachusetts, after which he came West as far a^ Wisconsin and lived there until 1884. Two years of that time he was engaged in the mercantile business. Then he entered the employ of J. & A. Stewert & Co., lumber dealers of Wausau. with which firm he was connected ten years. In 1884 he came to Denison, and has since been a member of the linn above mentioned, Scriver & Co. Politically, Mr. Scriver is a Republican. Socially, he is a member of the following or- ganizations: Sylvan Lodge, No. 507, A. 1'. lV A. M.; Wausau Chapter, No. 51, Wis- consin; IvanhoeCommandery, Council Bluffs; De Molai Consistory, No. 1, of Lyons; and DowdalJ Lodge, No. 90, K. of P. Mr. Scriver was married, in Canada, in February, 1884, to Miss Hannah I. Force, a native of Canada. They have three children: Marion Force, Stewert Alexander and Clara. Their pleasant home is located on Walnut street, and they are among the most highly respected people of Denison. C. BALLE, member of the firm of J. P. Miller 6z Co. of Denison, was ° born in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, August 14, 1850. He is the son J. E. and Sophia Balle. Our subject was reared in his native country until he was fourteen years old, and received his education in the public schools. When he was fourteen he engaged as a sailor and remained in that profession until 1871, sailing in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. In 1871 he retired from the sea and located in Lyons, Clinton county, where he engaged as a clerk in a general merchandise establishment. He remained here until 1880, when he went to Nebraska, locating in Antelope county, where he en- gaged in the same employment for one year, smd then, in 1881, came to Denison, Iowa, and engaged as clerk for ,1. P. Miller, until 1884, when he secured an interest in the firm which then became J. P. Miller oc Co. He CRAWFORD, IDA AND 8 AC COUNTIES. 393 is one of the leading young men of Denison, and is a self-made man, having worked his way up from the bottom to the position he now occupies. Mr. Balle was married, in 1873, to Miss Fredericka Peterson, born in the same place as her husband, in 1851. They have three children: Julius, Minnie and Sophia. Politically, Mr. Balle is a Eepublican, and has served on the City Council of Denison, and is a member of the A. O. U. W. He has a nice home in the north part of Denison, which he erected in 1888, and it is one of the handsomest residences in Denison. Mr. Balle and his excellent wife enjoy the respect and esteem of all who know them. fP. MILLER, one of the leading busi- ness men of Crawford county, Iowa, * came to Denison in 1873. Here he opened a grocery store in a frame building, occupying the site of his present business block, and two years later added hardware to his stock. When another two years had passed he rented one side of his room to a party who opened out a stock of dry goods, boots and shoes, and they conducted business in this manner two years. After that Mr. Miller did a general mercantile business, continuing in the frame building ten or eleven years, lu 1884-'85 he erected his brick block, or a half of it, and the following year put up the additional part of the building. It is two-stories with basement, has a frontage of forty-four feet, and extends back, a por- tion of it seventy and the rest eighty -five feet. In January, 1886, Mr. Miller formed a part- nership with B. Broderson and A. C. Balle, and under the firm name of Miller & Co., they have since continued to do business, employing twelve hands in their establish- ment. They occupy the block above de- scribed and also a large warehouse and the basement of another building. They carry a $25,000 stock of goods and their annual sales amount to between $100,000 and $200,000. In 1884 Mr. Miller helped to organize the Crawford County State Bank, which was es- tablished with a capital of $50,000, and with the following officers: L. Cornwell, president; J. P. Miller, vice-president; and W. II. Krid- ler, L. M. Shaw, J. P. Conner, H. F. Schwortz, C. H. De Wolf, and Messrs. Cornwell and Miller, directors. The present officers are J. P. Miller, president; L. Cornwell, vice- president; and both these gentlemen and J. P. Conner, directors. They do a general banking business, dealing in both foreign and domestic exchange. In the life of Mr. Miller is amply illus- trated what can be accomplished by an indus. trious young man with no other capital save good judgment and a determination to suc- ceed. He was born in Schleswigllolstein, Ger- many, February 22, 1846, son of Peter and Anna (Meevis) Miller. When he was four- teen years of age the responsibility of looking after the family devolved on him, he being the oldest of the children and his father hav- ing died. He received a fair education in the schools of his native country, and when he was sixteen came to America. The two years following his arrival were spent in working to pay his passage over, and as soon as this was accomplished his next thought was to bring the other members of the family here. With the earnings he saved in two years his brother and sister were brought over, and in two years more the rest of the family came, the mother, two sons and four daughters being thus reunited. He worked 894 liloailM'lIK'M. HISTORY OF on farms and at various other occupations in Clinton and Jackson comities, remaining in eastern part of the State until coming to 1 Venison in 1873. Mr. Miller was married in 1870 to Anna Bonksen, also a native of Schleswig, horn March 1, 1N40. They have two children, Bertha and Bernhard, both at home. Since coming to Crawford county Mr. Miller has accumulated considerable property, lie owns valuable land in this and other coun- ties, and has residence property and several business buildings in Dcnison. He is a Re- publican in politics. For a number of years he has served as Chairman of the Board of County Supervisors, and also as a member of the City Council. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, affiliating with Lodge No. 507, A. F. & A. M. iDD DAKLING, Postmaster, physician and surgeon of Vail, Iowa, was horn at St. Albans, Vermont, March 18, 1838, a son of Benjamin F. Darling, a native of New Hampshire, and of Scutch descent. He was born January 25, 1812, and died Novem- ber 8, 1867. Our subject's mother, nee Cynthia Blake, was born July 10, 1819, in Franklin county, Vermont, a daughter of Samuel Blake, an old and prominent citizen of that county. She died December 4, 1848. The Darling family came West in 1848, lo- cating in Jackson county, Iowa, near Ma- quoketa, but the mother lived only a few weeks in her new home. The parents reared a family of five children, two sons and three daughters. During his early life, our subject assisted his father on the farm, and for a time was employed as a clerk in a general store. At the breaking out of the late war he was one of the first to enlist in service for his country, joining the Ninth Iowa Infantry as Hospital Steward. He was a member of the Fifteenth Army Corps, First Division, and was also for a time with General John Logan's command. The Colonel of the Ninth regiment was Will- iam Vandever, the Lieutenant-Colonel, Frank Herron, and our subject was with General Sherman in his march to the sea. He was at the grand review at Washington, District of Columbia, and after his discharge returned to Jackson county, Iowa, and engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1*70 he came to Deloit, Crawford county, and two years later to Vail, which he has since made his home. Mr. Darling was appointed Postmas- ter in 1889, has served as Justice of the Peace six years, and was a member of the City Council. Socially, he affiliates with the G. A. 11., John A. Logan Post, of Denison; of the Masonic order, Diamond Lodge, No. 422, of Vail, of which he was the tirst Mas- ter; and is a member of Ark Chapter, No. 89, of Dunlap. The Doctor was married in .January, 1867, in Jackson county, Iowa, to Miss Addie Stephens, a native of Carroll county, Ohio, and a daughter of John Stephens. Mrs. Darling is a member of the Eastern Star Lodge ami of the Methodist Church. The Doctor is a popular and efficient postmaster, and both he and his wife are respected by all who know them. #e^= ANIEL McORATII. one of the most important men of Crawford county, Iowa, resides ot. section 16, Soldier township. He holds the office of County Supervisor at the present time, and came first CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 395 to the county May 23, 1872. He located where Manilla now stands, and owned eighty acres where the Manilla High School build- ing ie placed. The father of our subject owned the land where the village was built and improved the property very much by planting trees. He remained there until 1878, when he moved into Soldier township. The birth of our subject took place in Huron county, Canada, iu June, 1850, and he was the oldest of a family of seven chil- dren born to Patrick and Harriet (Hays) McGrath. The father was born in Ireland, but was reared on the coast of Newfoundland, near Prince Edward Island, and the mother was of the latter place, where their marriage took place. In 1849 Mr. and Mrs. McGrath moved to Huron county, Canada, and settled in the woods, where they cleared ninety-eight acres. They sold that and moved to Iowa county, Wisconsin, and bought a partly im- proved farm, but in 1872 moved into Craw- ford county, Iowa, and since that time have resided on section 16, this township. After making this his home Mr. McGrath, Jr., began to take an interest in the Democratic politics of the township, in which party he has been quite prominent. The family now consists of Daniel; Elizabeth, who is the wife of L.D.Herrington, of Danbury,Iowa; John; Ellen, the wife of Jerry Galvin, of Danbury; James; Mary, the wife of J. P. Murphy, of Charter Oak township; and Catherine, a young lady at home. The subject of this notice was reared in Huron county, Canada, and was educated in the district schools, and at the age of eighteen went to Iowa county, Wisconsin, and assisted his father iu farming at the home place. At the age of twenty-two he came to Crawford county, Iowa, and in 1878 he came into Sol- dier township and bought 160 acres of raw prairie and began the improvement of it. He planted shade, fruit and ornamental trees, erected buildings, and put a part of the farm under cultivation and a part into pasturage. At the time of his settlement in this town- ship it only contained twenty-eight voters, and when he was in Nishnabotany township there was only one vote in the Democratic party. He left that township and settled in the more congenial one of Soldier. The lat- ter has now 140 voters. The marriage of our subject took place in Denison, Iowa, in 1878, to Miss Mary Ratchford, a native of Lee county, Iowa, who was the amiable daughter of Michael and Bridget (McNulta) Ratchford, natives of Ire- land. The father had come to America when a lad of twelve years, and at an early day to Lee county, Iowa, and in 1876 moved into Denison, Crawford county, where he con- ducted a restaurant. He now resides in Vail. Our present subject after marriage settled where he now resides, and has been a very prominent man here for eighteen years, that being the time he has served his county in office. He was elected County Supervisor in 1890, and has held the office of Township Clerk for four years and served six years on the School Board. He. has always taken a great interest in county and township educa- tional matters, and was one of the Assessors in Nishnabotany township before coming here. Mr. and Mrs. McGrath are valued mem- bers of the Roman Catholic Church at Charter Oak, and have brought up their interesting family of five children in the same faith. The names of the children are recorded as follows: Hattie, Thomas F., Ellen, Daniel and Mary. During Mr. McGrath's useful life in the county he has been a witness of ninety per 806 MOaiiM'lllcM. HISTORY OF cent of the development of the township. Be has been ina position to particularly note the enormous growth of Crawford county, and he 1ms the prond satisfaction of knowing that mncli of the progress has had his assistance and favor. "SRAKI SLATER, anoth* one of the pros- perous farmers of Ida county, Iowa, and an ex soldier of the late war, resides on a fine farm of 120 acres in section 13 of Maple township. A few facts in regard to his life have been gleaned and are herewith pre- sented: Israel Slater was horn in Tioga county. New York, November 13, 1834, son of Marcus Slater. His forefathers were English and were among the early settlers of Vermont. Marcus Slater went from Vermont to New York when a young man, and was subse- quently married thereto Maria Mickle, a na- tive of that State and a descendant of German ancestry. In 1849 the Slater family came Wesl to Whiteside county, Illinois, making the journey via lake, railroad and team, and set- tled near Fulton. Thefle the mother died, aged fifty years. The father died, in Kansas at the age of seventy five. He was a farmer all his life; politically, a Republican; relig- iously, an Adventist. He and his wife had ten children, five sons and five daughters. Three of the sons were in the war: Israel. Henry and Benjamin. Henry was a member of the Ninety-third Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, and lost a finger while in the service; is now a resident of Kansas. Benjamin, who served in the Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry, died in Washington county, Kansas. Mr. Slater also had three brothers-in-law in the army. In his early life Mr. Slater Learned the car- penters' trade and worked at it for some years. October 2, 1862, he enlisted in the Seventy-fiftb Illinois Infantry, Company D, went to the front and took his place on the field of battle. At Perryville, Kentucky, he was shot and lost his left leg, and was hon- orably discharged December 5, 1862, and returned home. In 1880 he came to his present location. Here he has one of the finest and best improved farms in the town- ship, and his son Harry owns 160 acres in same section. He has a comfortable home, beautifully situated in the midst of a pretty lawn, grove and orchard. There is one good house on the farm, large barns, windmill and other substantial improvements. He and his son Harry raised 210,000 pounds of pop-corn on 100 acres of land in 1891. They are the most, extensive pop-corn growers in the West. They also raise large crops of broom-corn. Mr. Slater was married at the age of twenty-two to Miss M. Mickle, a native of New York and a daughter of George and Betsey Mickle. She was reared in Illinois from her fourteenth year. Following are the names of their children; Mary Thomas, [da Warner, Lulu Copplin, Nina and Robert, all residents of Maple township. Mr. Slater is, politically, a Republican. He and his fam- ily are members of the Advent Church. ,FV. JAMES T. TURNER, of Deloit, Iowa, was horn in Scotland county. Mi.-- souri, October 9, 1840, a son of Alex- ander Turner, a native of Shenandoah county, Virginia, and a member of an old and prom- inent family of that State. They were of Scotch- Irish descent, and some of the ances- tors participated in the Revolutionary war. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 397 Our subject's mother, nee Elizabeth Ander- son, was born in Sangamon county, Illinois, near Springfield, a daughter of Ilosea Ander- son, of English descent, and a pioneer settler of Illinois. At one time Mrs. Turner's mother was captured by the Indians, but her life was saved by the chief, who admired her for her long hair and beautiful face and form. Alexander Turner and wife were among the early settlers of Scotland county, Missouri, and the former died when our subject was fourteen years of age. He had been a farmer all his life, and held important offices in the county. At his death he left a widow and six children: James T.,Mary, John, Nancy, Martha and Richard. The two last mentioned are now deceased. The mother now resides at Wyconda, Missouri, aged sixty-five years. James T. Turner, our subject, was reared and educated in his native county. He was a soldier in the late war, after which he lived in Hancock county, Illinois, then at Hender- son county, same State, and in 1871 came to this county. He has a well-improved farm of eighty-six acres, with a good comfortable cottage and a tine grove and orchard. He was married at Fairmont, Clark county, Missouri, in 1861, to Miss Sarah Childress, who was reared and educated in that county, and a daughter of John M. and Nancy Chil- dress. Mr. and Mrs. Turner have had eight children, namely: Viola, wife of Green Sto- vall, of Marion county, Kansas; Edwin, of the same county; Addie Raymond, also of Marion county; Winnie, wife of Stanley Brown, of Deloit, Iowa; Grace McMillan, of Sac county, this State; James, at home; Katy and Milliard. They lost two children by death: a baby boy; and Maud, formerly a successful teacher in this county. In his political views our subject is a Democrat, and has held the office of J ustice of the Peace. • He is a pastor of the Reorganized Church of Latter-Day Saints, of Deloit, and is an active worker in the cause. He has the respect and confidence of all who know him. IjIIOMAS G. BRUNER, of Union town- ship, Crawford county, Iowa, is one of the enterprising and well-known citi- zens of this part of the country. He has a nicely improved farm. of 200 acres, 120 acres of which were pre-empted by S. J. Comfort, his father-in-law. Mr. Bruner was married August 6, 1885, to Mrs. Martha A. Whaley, and has two daughters: Hazel and Mary M. They lost one child, Morris, in infancy. Mrs. Bruner was born in Harrison county, Iowa, daughter of Hon. S. J. Comfort, de- ceased, who was one of the early pioneers of Crawford county. Her father was born in Chemung county, New York, December 10, 1816, son of Richard Comfort, who was born April 17, 1787; son of Richard Comfort, Sr.; son of Robert Comfort. S. J. Comfort was married in Adams county, Illinois, April 2, 1840, to Miss Susan Wimmer, a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, and a daughter of Peter Wimmer. In 1847 they came to western Iowa and settled in Harris Grove, Harrison county, where they lived one year. From there they went to Oregon, Holt county, Mis- souri, and four years later returned to Harris Grove. In 1855 they came to Union town- ship, Crawford county, and settled on a large tract of land, where Mr. and Mrs. Bruner now live. Mr. Comfort was a man of strong in- dividuality and marked ability, and occupied a prominent position among his fellow-citi- zens. He was religiously a Methodist, and politically a Democrat. He served as County Clerk, and was also a member of the State 898 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF Legislature, ever performing, with the strict- est fidelity, the duties devolving upon him. His wife died January 12, 1886. They were the parents of three daughters, namely : Mary L. Me Henry, Sarah M. Woodruff and Martha A. Bruncr. Maitha A., the youngest daughter, was reared in Crawford county, and received her education at Mount Vernon, Linn county. At the early age of fifteen she began teach- ing, and was successfully engaged in that occupation until her nineteenth year, when, in 1867, she was united in marriage to Charles B. Whaley, a native of Athens county, Ohio, and a 6on of John Whaley. Mr. Whaley was a member of the One Hundred and Forty - tirst State Militia for a time, and later of the Thirty-sixth Ohio Infantry Volunteers, lie was taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry and was parolled. He had typhoid fever and re- mained in hospital some weeks. He, too, was engaged in teaching for a time, being one of the early teachers of Shelby county, Iowa. Their only daughter, Susie L., is now the wife of Albert Ilelsley, of Denison, Iowa. Mr. Whaley died February 8, 1882, aged forty-one years. He had for a number of years been engaged in farming and stock- raising, and in every respect was a most worthy citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Brnner are consistent mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Dow City, he being a Steward and Trustee of the same. Politically, he affiliates with the Democratic party. lEV. JAMES MURPHY, was called to i! this city in charge of the Catholic ( hurch in 18M7. The church was erected in 1882, at a cost of §20,000, with Kev. Leuehan in charge. Since onr subject took charge of the church he has spent over $15,000 in paying church debts, building a residence, school buildings, etc. The school was opened in September, lS'JO, and it now has three departments, presided over by the best and most accomplished teachers in the State. The daily attendance is now 120 pupils, and in addition to the other depart- ments, music and painting are also taught. The entire school is under the supervision of Rev. James Murphy, and he has ever proved himself worthy of the position. He was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, Novem- ber 15, 1848, a son of Patrick and Mary (Carroll) Murphy. Our subject was educated at St. John College, Waterford, Ireland, grad- uating as priest at twenty-four years of age. After coming to America, he was first ap- pointed to the church of Toronto, Clinton county, Iowa, where he remained seven years. During his residence there he erected three churches. From Toronto he went to Mar- shalltovvn, Iowa, where he remained eight years, and during that time he secured the ground and built the parsonage and Sisters' residence property, at a cost of $17,000. Father Murphy is an active and zealous worker, and has done much for the church of this city. W. V A N V L E C K, proprietor of the Wallace House of Vail, was born Q iii Milledgeville, Carroll county, Illi- nois, October 26, 1859, a son of B. W. Van Vleck, a well-known citizen of this county. lie was born in the State of New York, of Holland descent. Our subject's mother, nee A. A. Knapp, was also a native of New York. W. W, Van Vleck received a good busi- ness education in the common schools of this CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 399 county. He now conducts the leading com- mercial house of Vail, located near the busi- ness center, and is kept in good order. The tables are supplied with the best the market affords, and the proprietor spares no pains to make his guests comfortable, and is a popular host with travelers who stop at the Wallace House. Mr. Van Vleck was married May 4, 1882, to Miss Julia F. Beck, a daughter of W. F. Beck, a prominent and w T ell-known business man of Vail. She is a woman of intelligence and education, is a member of a good family, and was a successful teacher be- fore marriage. Our subject and wife have two sons, Earl and Wayne. Mr. Van Vleck is a Republican in his political views; soci- ally, is a member of the I. O. O. F., and a charter member of the K. of P.,De Sota Lodge. -~-i/l/?A> smnn^- lEORGE A. RICHARDSON, County r f Treasurer of Crawford county, Iowa, was born in Attica, Wyoming county, New York, April 27, 1857, son of Romain and Mary F. (Britton) Richardson. He was ten years old when he came to Iowa, and on a farm in Benton county he was reared, receiv- ing his education in the public schools and the Blairstown Academy. At the age of twenty he engaged in the drug business with his father at Blairstown, being thus occupied until 1879, when he turned his attention to the lumber business, becoming a member of the firm of J. F. Wernwag & Co., Blairstown. A year later he sold out and came to Craw- ford county, settling at Westside and engag- ing in the drug business. There he remained until the fall of 1889, when, having been elected to the office of County Treasurer, he sold out and came to Denison to assume his official duties. In 1889 he was burned out, thereby sustaining heavy losses, but had opened out in business again. Since Janu- ary 1, 1890, he has given his undivided at- tention to the duties of his office. In politics he is a stanch Democrat, and has been from his early boyhood. He was Chairman of the Democratic Convention of Benton county when he was but sixteen years of age, and was a delegate to the State Convention at Cedar Rapids when only fifteen. During the last two years of Cleveland's administration, Mr. Richardson served as postmaster of West- side. He has also served as Justice of the Peace and as a member of the Town Council and School Board. Mr. Richardson was married, January 15, 1879, to Miss Emeline M. Brian, a native of Mount Vernon, Linn county, Iowa, and a daughter of James and Emily Brian. They have two children: Carl B., born January 13, 1886; and Gail R., May 26, 1890. He is connected with numerous fraternal organizations, prominent among which are the A. F. & A. M., Sylvian Lodge, No. 507, Jerusalem Chapter, No. 72, and Rose Croy Commandery, No. 38; K. of P., No. 148, Ainsworth Lodge; and the A. 0. U. W. In business, political and social circles he has a high standing, being regarded as one of the most worthy citizens of the community. K. BURCH, attorney-at-law of Den- ison, Iowa, came to this city in the •° fall of 1883, where he has continued in the practice of law ever since. He is a native of Steuben county, Indiana, born April 28, 1851, son of Elizur and Phoebe (Windsar) Burch. Our subject was reared at Hillsdale, Mich- igan, from the time he was seven, and re- to 400 moan ifihval insronr of oeived his education at the Eilledale College, graduating in the class of 1871. Two years later hf began reading law at Owatonua, Minnesota, with Lewie L. Wheelock. After three years study he went to the Albany Law School, where he graduated in 187t>, and was admitted to the bar the following year and to the bar of Iowa in 1878. He lo- cated in .Minnesota for eighteen months and then went to Dunlap, Iowa, where he resided for three or four years engaged in the prac- tice c if his profession. In lS8ii he came to Denison and opened an office, where he has since been in practice, lie had been in Den- ison in 1878 in the employ of the Auditor's office as Deputy Auditor. He has served as Mayor of the city of Denison from 1886 to 1891. He is a prominent Republican and is one of the leading attorneys of the county, as he is a man of much ability. Socially, he af- filiates with the I. 0. 0. F., also Dowdall Lodge, No. 90, K. of P. Mr. Bnrch was married September 22, 1890, to Miss Mariah Kuhn, a native of Penn- sylvania. They have two children, Mary C. and Helen. They are members of the Meth- odic Episcopal Church.. Mr. Burch has his office in Laub's block, mi liroadway. He is a genial, whole-souled man and is always glad to contribute to any- thing tending to advance the interests of his adopted city, which he loves so dearly. VV. CHENEY, of the firm of Cheney iV I'addock, real-e.-tate dealers, Battle 9 Creek, Iowa, is a man of marked busi- ness ability. He not only does an extensive real-estate business, but is also prominently identified with various other interests here. The firm of Cheney & Paddock was estab- lished August 1, 181*2, succeeding II. W. (bene v. who is still the head of the firm. They make loans on farm and city properly, arranging for loug or short terms to suit cus- tomers. In the insurance business they repre- sent the following companies: The Continen- tal, of Now York; the German, of Ereeport; the Hawkeye, of Des Moines; the Farmers', of Cedar Eapids; Capital, of Des Moine9; and the Council Bluffs, of Council Bluffs. The firm have under control a large list of raw lands and improved^ farms in the corn belt of South Dakota, which are in the ex- treme southern counties, and are shown by them free of charge. They also have for sale lands in Ida and adjoining counties in Iowa, as well as in the northern part of the State, both improved and unimproved. They also do a collecting business. ( )f the life and an- cestry of Mr. Cheney we make the following brief record: H. W. Cheney was born in East Corinth, Maine, July 20, 1857, son of Waite S. and Clarissa (Beane) Cheney, who were born near Plymouth, New Hampshire, of "Welsh and American parents, who are now residing on a farm in Maine. He was reared to farm life, and was educated in the district and academic schools, and after having attained his majority came to Iowa. At Ida Grove he accepted a position with the Northwestern railroad, remaining there until ISM, when he came to Battle Creek, and took charge of the business at this point for the Chicago & Northwestern railroad, as agent and oper- ator. Four years later he severed his connec- tion with the railroad company and engaged in the real-estate and insurance business, to which his attention has since been given. He has been one of the active men of this county. lie has held the office of Justice of the Peace CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 401 five years, was Mayor two terms, was Town- ship Clerk one year, has been a Notary Public for the past six years, and has been Post- master of Battle Creek since February, 1890. He is one of the active Republicans of this part of the State. Socially, he is a member of the K. of P., Olympic Lodge, No. 257, in which he has passed all the chairs. He is also a member of the I. O. O. F., Echo Lodge, No. 119. Mr. Cheney was married February 7, 1882, to Miss Anna McKown, a native of Missouri and a daughter of Amos V. and Sophia (Iloyt) McKown. They have three children: Clara B., Harry and Louis D. Mrs. Cheney is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. H^EORGE HUTCHINSON, of Crawford county, was born in Rock Island county, Illinois, February 21, 1859, a son of Thomas Hutchinson, a native of Fermanna, Ireland. The latter came to Rock Island county, Illinois, when a young man, and was there married to Susan Ramsey, also a native of Ireland, but who came with her parents to Illinois when a babe. Mr. and Mrs. Hutch- inson were the parents of ten children, seven sons and three daughters, and six still sur- vive: George, William, Thomas, Anna, James and Samuel. The deceased are: Bessie, Jane, Maggie, Joseph and Robert. The parents still reside on the old farm in Rock Island county, the father aged seventy-five years, and the mother sixty-three. The former has been a farmer all his life, is a Republican in his political views, and religiously, is a mem- ber of the Episcopal Church. Geome, the second son, was reared and educated in his native place, and in March, 1882, in company with his brother Robert, he came to this county. He now owns a fine farm, a good dwelling, 16 x 24 feet, with an L of the same dimensions, and has a grove and orchard of ten acres. He was married at Viola, Mercer county, Illinois, at the age of twenty-three years, to Alice Johnson, who was born, reared and educated in that cotfhty, a daughter of Robert and Alice (Lipton) Johnson, natives of Ireland. The father is deceased, and the mother still resides on the old home farm. Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson have had three children: George Marion, aged eight years; Florence Susan, six years; and Thomas Clarence, three years. Mrs. Hutch- inson is a member of the Methodist Church. Robert, the eldest son of Thomas Hutchin- son, was born in Rock Island county in 1856, and in 1882 came to this place. He owned a beautiful home, a grove and orchard of two acres, and everything about the place shows the thrift and prosperity of its owner. He was married March 24, 1891, to Frances Petty, a native of Johnson county, Iowa, and a daughter of William Petty. He died De- cember 14, 1892, of rheumatism and lung trouble. His wife and son, Thomas Alfred, born February 4, 1892, still reside at their home in Milford township, Crawford county. The Hutchinson brothers were among the well-known and successful farmers of Craw- ford county. They owned a tine farm of 240 acres of rich land, which George still manages, being extensively engaged in stock-raising. He is a Republican in politics, and one of the progressive and popular men of the county. He is now president of the School Board. —^HJ^ ^ON. CHARLES BULLOCK, one of the pioneers of Denison, Crawford county, Iowa, came to this city in the spring of 1867. His life has been one of great activity 409 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF and usefulness, and he is still prominently identified with business interests here. Mr. Bnllock was born in Macomb, Illinois, in March, 1838, son of Thomas and Nancy ^MeCabe) Bullock, and is of Scotch- Irish ex- traction. Hi' was roared in his native State. and at the age of eighteen began teaching school. For three years he taught school in winter and farmed in Bummer. Then he was employed as manager by his brother-in-law, who was in the milling and lumber business, and remained with him several years. After that he was engaged in the wool carding business two years, and then turned his at- tion to fire insurance for a while. Coming to Iowa, he engaged in the dry- goods business at 'Denison under the firm name of Ilillis, Cassady & Co. Twelve months later he disposed of his interest in that company and became associated in the drug business with James Greenough. They continued together twelve years and then sold out. A year later Mr. Bullock pur- chased a half intere-t in the same store, and under the firm name of Bullock & MeAhren did a successful business two years, when he again sold out. Since that time he has been encrau-ed in business in the mercantile line outside of Denison, and is also doing a real- estate business. While he was associated with Mr. Greenough they owned all the drug stores in Crawford and Ida counties. They were also largely engaged in the cattle busi- ness, purchasing large herds, grazing them on the range in summer, and in the fall ship- ping the beeves to Chicago and disposing of tin- rest to feeders. Mr. Greenough looked after the stock while Mr. Bullock managed the drng business. One incident in connection with Mr. Bid- lock's business career will not be forgotten by him: This was when a circus, composed id' the very roughest characters, was i:i Denison. The loughs attempted to '-do the town " and made an especial raid on his drug store. The plucky proprietors, however, were prepared for them, and the result was that seven of tin- gang were shot, and, although the store was considerably demolished, the intruders were routed. Since 1883 Mr. Bullock has been doing an o extensive business in real estate in Crawford county and Sioux City. He formed his pres- ent partnership with J. B. Dunbar, in the spring of 1892, in the real-estate and collect- ing business. Politically, ho is a stanch Democrat. In 1869 he was nominated for County Treasurer. The county was at that time almost wholly Republican, but he made the race and was defeated by only about eighty votes. He has served as Assessor and Town Clerk, holding these offices when the district was largely Republican. In 1883 he was elected to the office of Assemblyman of his district, and served one term. Mr. Bnllock was married in Illinois, April 17, 1865, to Miss Elida W. Hill, a native of Kentucky, and a daughter of Flemming and Mariam (DuVall) Hill. They worship at the Presbyterian and Baptist Churches. Mr. Bullock is a Mason and a Knight of Pythias, having his membership in the A. F. & A. M., No. 507, and the K. of P.. Xo. 90, both of Denison. Y. ABKF. of the linn of Mobr, Barn- hardt & Aril', is one of the leading busi- 9 ness men of Charter Oak, Iowa This business was opened by Mr. Arlf. M iv L8, 1^>7, it being the first agricultural house es- tablished in Charter Oak. Under the firm CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 403 name of Earnhardt & Arff, it was a small concern in its infancy, but it has grown in magnitude until it is one of the largest con- cerns of the kind in the county. They occupy two large rooms, each 80 x 50 feet, one being used for the agricultural implements and the other for a stock of general merchandise. Their stock is valued at more than $14,000 and their sales amount to $40,000. By honest industry, good management and their obliging qualities these gentlement have built up a handsome trade in the short space of live years. The present tirm was organized in 1890. The leading factor in the above mentioned firm, H. F. Artf, was born in Schleswig, Ger- many, in October, 1860, son of Jurgen and Margaretta Arff. His mother now lives with him in Charter Oak. His father died March 1, 1877. The family came to this country in 1864 and located in Scott county, Iowa, where they made their home until 1867. That year they moved to Tama county, and seven years later to Carroll county. Young Arff spent his early youth at farm work, and when he was fifteen becan to assist his father iii the lumber and implement business at Ar- cadia. After the death of his father he was employed in a mercantile establishment two or three years. He was married March 19, 1879, to Miss Elmina Kriens, daughter of H. N. Kriens, and after his marriage he and Mr. Kriens were associated together in the imple- ment business at Arcadia two years. Mr. Arff then traded a tract of land for a livery estab- lishment, which he conducted three years. During the last two years he was engaged in the livery business he was also interested with Mr. Baruhardt in the sale of agricultural im- plements. Since 1887 h-3 has been a resident of Charter Oak, a r id t'ron tli3 first has been thoroughly identified with the best interests of this growing town. He erected the nice dwelling here, in which he and his family live. Politically, he affiliates with the Democratic party. He is a member of the 1. L. of H., U. O. T. B., and the Charter Oak Gun Club. In the government of the town and its educa- tional affairs he also takes an active part, being a member of the City Council and the Board of Education. Mr. and Mrs. Arff have six children: Jur- gen F., Herman F., Tina, Alice, William and Estella. M. BARNT, whose post-office address is Early, Sac county, Iowa, is rank d with 9 the most prominent men of Clinton township. In sketching the lives of the rep- resentative citizens of Sac county, we make the following record of him, and with pleas- ure present it on the pages of this volume. Mr. Barnt was born in Fayette, Pennsylva- nia, March 3, 1844. His father, David Barnt, was a son of David Barnt, both natives of Pennsylvania, the latter being a soldier in the war of 1812. His mother, whose maiden name was Mary M. Resler, was also born in the Keystone State. When S. M. was seven years old his parents moved to Tuscarawas county, Ohio, where, some years later, his father died, aged forty-six. He led an exem- plary life ; was by occupation a farmer, and in relicrion a devoted member of the United Brethren Church. The mother died in Tama county, Iowa, at the age of sixty-four years. Their family was composed of seven sons and five daughters. Two of the sons served in the late war, Daniel R., who was a member of the One Hundred and Twen- ty-sixth Ohio Infantry, lost the use of his arm at Spottsylvania Court House, and Levi, who served in an Ohio regiment. 404 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF The subject of our sketch resided in Ohio until 1869, when he came to Tama county. Lows, and located near Toledo, remaining there until 1878. That year he settled in Sac county. His first purchase of land in Clinton township was 240 acres, and to this he has since added until he is the owner of 826 acres, all under a high state of cultiva- tion, his home farm comprising 518 acres, is known as Brookside farm. He has 149 acres near Early, twenty acres being within the corporate limits of the town. He also owns 135 acres in Wall hake township. Besides being the owner of this property, he has §5,500 invested in a meat and provision mar- ket at Early. Mr. Barnt's commodious two- story residence, with its hay window, veranda, attractive lawn, grove and orchard of nine acres, is one of the finest homes in Sac county, the general surroundings at once stamping the owner and his family as people of culture and refinement as well as affluence. His farm is well supplied with good barns, cribs, granary, etc., and has an excellent sup- ply of spring .vater. He also has a cream- ery on his farm, which was built in 1878, and which is fitted up with modern machinery. Among his stock are tine speed mens of Norman horses and shorthorn cattle. Mr. Barnt was married December 18, 1872, in Tama county, Iowa, to Adelaide A. Smith, a native of Ashtabula county, Ohio, and a daughter of Henry and Jane (La Bounty) Smith, the former a native of Con- necticut, and the latter of Ashtabula county, Ohio. Grandfather Smith was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Grandfather La Bounty was a native of Canada and the son of French parents. Mrs. Barnt's father died in Sac county Iowa, at the age of seventy- five, and her mother is a resident of Sac ( lity. Mr. and Mrs. Barnt have three children: Henry Smith. Jessie Ma\ and Levi It. Henry S. received his education in the Sac Normal, and is now a BQCCeSsful teacher in this county, and Mis- Jessie is also a popular and success- ful teacher. Politically, Mr. Barnt is a Republican and has most acceptably tilled the office of Justice of the Peace. He and his wife are members of the Pleasant Hill Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is aTrusteeand aliberal supporter. lie is also an active Sabbath- school worker. His daughter, Miss Jessie, is Secretary id' the Sabbath school. Such, in brief, is the biography of one of Clinton township's well-known men. fOHN T. HAUGH, of Haugh & Kem- ming. successors to M. Goldheim & Co., is one of the substantial business men of Denison. This is the only exclusive clothing and merchant tailoring establishment in the county. They carry a full line of goods, such as is usually found in a house of this kind, having a larger stock than any other firm in the State, outside of the principal cities. Their large salesroom, 22 x 90 feet, is tilled from rloor to ceiling with well-selected goods. The basement is filled with trunks, valises and overcoats. The tailoring department is in the upper story, where they keep five hands constantly employed. This business was es- tablished in 1877, by the late M. Goldheim, and conducted by him until 1888, when he admitted Mr. J. T. Haugh into partnership, the managemeut of the firm falling upon the latter, as Mr. Goldheim was absent mosl of the time. After the death of Mr. Goldheim, which occurred July 19, 1892, the present linn was organized. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 401 Mr. Haugh, the senior member of the tirm was born at Davenport, Iowa, September, 1855, son of Mark and Margaret (Rasp) Haugh, natives of Ireland and Canada, re- spectively. The father is deceased, but the mother is still livino-, at Denison. o Our subject was reared in Scott county to farm life, and educated in the pnblic schools. Owing to the death of his father, he was only eight years of age when he was compelled to look after his own interests, to a great extent, relying on his own industry and ability for his support. Little as he was he engaged in farming and continued in that pursuit until 1881, when he came to Denison, where he followed teaming for the lirst two seasons, but in 1883 entered the employ of M. Gold- heim, with whom he remained until he en- tered 'into partnership with him, five years later. He was married May 6, 1891, to Miss Mary Farrelly, a native of Ireland, daughter of James and Mary Farrelly. Mr. and Mrs. Ilangh are members of the Catholic Church. Mr. Hauoh is one of the leading men of Deni- es © son, and has assisted largely in building up the large trade that the firm enjoys. He is genial and makes many friends. -tsVtSlfl/- -l/irvi^- H. DAVIS, photographer, Deni- son, Iowa, has been identified with ® the business interests of this city since November, 18,9,1, when he purchased his present gallery. He is a young man of more than ordinary ability in his chosen pro- fession, and during his short business career has met with marked success. He does all kinds of photographic work, making a spe- cialty of babies' pictures, and also does crayon work of a high order. Mr. Davis was born in Clinton county, Iowa, in 1865, son of Daniel and Angelica (Fletcher) Davis. In 1872 ho moved to Har- rison county with his parents, and was there reared and educated. He learned photog- raphy in Dunlap, that county, commencing in 1890. In September, 1888, he married Miss Gertrude Jordan, of Harrison county. They have one son, Fred. Roth he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he affiliates with the Republican party. fj. KELLY, a merchant of Denison, Iowa, a dealer in dry goods, groceries, *W a boots, shoes, hats, caps and clothing, established his business in 1877. He first lo- cated on the corner under the Denison Bank, and in 1891 he removed into No. 4, Laub's Block, on Broadway. He makes a specialty of boots, shoes and furnishing goods. He was born in Wheatland, Clinton county, Iowa, and is the son of John and Bridget Kellv. He was but two years of age when he came to this county, and he was brought up to farm life, and was educated in the public schools until he was eighteen years of age when he began clerking for M. J. Cosman. He remained with him for over two years, when he engaged with T. J. Rasp, at Dow City. He remained with him for eighteen months, and then opened up for himself, in Denison. He is a good business man and has done well. The marriage of our subject took place October 22, 1889, and the bride was Miss Ida Green, a daughter of C. Green, of Deni- son. Politically, Mr. Kelly is a Democrat. He and his wife are members of the Catholic Church of this city. 06 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF Mr. Kelly carries a fine stock of goods, and liis annual sales on his $9,000 stock will ag gregate $25,000. He is one of the live busi- ness men of < 'raw Eord county, and is destined to make himself felt in the business world. He is a self-made man, started at the bottom and has worked his own way ap. By close application he has placed himself on a sound financial basis, and stands to-day among the representative business men of the county. One reason of his success may be that he does a strictly cash business, and cash makes low prices, and hence draws trade. ->£ > ( ,1. GARRISON, one of the leading attorneys of Denison, was born in Jones county, Iowa. August 22, lM'.t, a sun of Solomon and Harriet (Simp- con) Garrison, natives of Indiana. His parents were among the early pioneers of Iowa, having settled in .1 ones county about 1837. In L852 they moved to Cedar county, where they lived until 188."), at that time go- ing to Nebraska, where the father died Janu- ary, lS'.H, aged seven tydivo years. The mother is still living, she being now seventy - one years old. Longevity is one of the prom- inent characteristics of the family. In 1876 the Simpsons had a reunion. Mis. Garrison being the youngest child in the family of •line children, all of whom were present, their ages ranging from fifty-six to ninety year.-, no death having occurred in the family. Solomon Garrison was by occupation a farmer and stock-raiser. He came to Iowa with no capital save pluck and a determination to suc- ceed, and as the years rolled by he amassed wealth and became one the mosl prominent men in eastern towa. He was a Republican in politics, filled the office of County Super visor in both Jones and Cedar counties for a number of years, and also tilled other local offices. lie opened up and improved a num- ber of farms in those counties and was, in- deed, a public benefactor to that section of the country. For about twenty years he lived in Clarence. He and his worthy companion had a family of six children, viz.: Cyrena, wife of John Ashbv, of CoggOn, Iowa: Will- iam, a resident of Olin, .(ones county, Iowa, a larire real e>l ite owner and a dealer in fine stock; T. J., the subject of our sketch; George, "who is engaged in farming at Rey- nolds, Nebraska; Laban, a merchant of Rey- nolds; and Lodema, wife of Andrew Hunt, also a merchant of Reynolds. T. J. (rarrison was reared on his father's farm. He attended the district schools and also took a course at Cornell Oollegi, Mt. Vernon, Iowa. At the age of nineteen he en- gaged in the lumber and hardware business, under the firm name of Simpson & (rarrison, inClarence.and continued bu-iness there until 1875, when he disposed of bis interests. He then bought a set of lawbooks, receiving; them on the Fourth of duly, 1*75, and at once be- gan reading law in his own office. He first, practiced before the justice courts, and the first case he tried was for John Thompson, now a resident of Crawford county, which case he won. He was admitted to the bar in the fall of 187IS, and continued to practice in Clarence till 1880. Since January 1, of that year, he has been prominently identified with the Crawford county bar. bis professional career here being one of marked success. IN' formed a partnership with I. T. Robert-, the firm name being Garrison & Roberts, which company wa- dissolve! in L884 by Mr. Gar- rison purchasing Mr. Roberts' interest. He has since Keen alone. Like his Father before him, Mr. Garrison is a financier of more than CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 40"i ordinary ability. He has amassed a hand- some fortune since coining to Denison. Alto- gether he has owned upward of 10,000 acres of land in Crawford county, but has sold the greater part of it, owning now only 8,000 acres. He also has considerable property in and around Sioux City, Iowa, as well as real estate in Denver, Colorado, and Nebraska. He has been one of the most active men in the county. More than a year ago he con- cluded to reduce his large volume of business, o and January 1, 1891, retired from active work. However, he is not permitted to rest as his old clients will look him up. Mr. Garrison is prominently connected with a number of fraternal organizations. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., No. 507, Sylvan Lodge, Denison, Iowa; Ark Chapter, No. 89, Dunlap, Iowa; Mt. Zion Commaudery, No. 49, Harlan; De Molai Consistory, No. 1, Lyons; Lodge of Perfec- tion, No. 1, Lyons; Delphic Chapter, Rose Croix, No. 1, Lyons; El-Kahir Temple, No. 47, Cedar Rapids; K. of P.; A. O. IT. W. Politically, he is a Republican. February 17, 1870, he was united in mar- riago to Miss Emma Carothers, a native of Wisconsin, and a dauo-hter of Dr. D. W. Carothers. Mr. and Mrs. Garrison have three children: Lillian, Edgar and Ray. §OREN CORNWELL, of Denison, Iowa, has been a resident of Crawford county since the summer of 1868, having re- sided in the northern part of the State before coming here. Mr. Cornwell was horn in Fulton county, New York, in 1838, son of Timothy and Bet- sey (Eenyon) Cornwell, descendants of En- glish ancestors. He was reared in a small village in his native State, and was employed as clerk in a mercantile establishment prim' to his coming West in 1860. After locating in Crawford comity, Mr. Cornwell built the Boyer Valley Mill. This was in the summer and fall of 1868. From a small custom mill he subsequently in- creased its capacity, and continued to operate it till 1882, when it was destroyed by fire. In the fall of 1873 Mr. Cornwell was elected to the office of County Treasurer, and the fol- lowing spring moved to Denison. For ten years he faithfully performed the duties of this office, holding it by re-election. Since his retirement from offlcj he has been en- gaged in speculating in lands, and in the banking business, being vice-president of the Crawford County State Bank. He has improved several farms, and at this writing owns a large amount of real-estate in the county. The beautiful home which he built in Denison, and in which he resides, is one of the attractive places of the city. Enter- prising and public-spirited, Mr. Cornwell has been a prominent factor in developing the re- sources and advancing the best interests of hoth city and county. He served two terms as County Supervisor. In politics he is a Democrat, and was elected to office as such, although Crawford county was at that time Republican by a large majority. Mr. Cornwell was married in November, 1881, to Lydia J. Dennis, she, too, being a native of Fulton county, New York, in which State their marriage was consummated. They are among Crawford county's most worthy and respected citizens. fOLONEL GEORGE L. AYRIGHT, one of the representative citizens of Deni- son, and the Mayor of the city, has been a resident of Crawford county, Iowa, 408 BIOOIIM'IIU'M. EI8T0BT OF since the spring el' I8i>9. lie is a native of Portage county, Ohio, and was born May 1". 1838. He is the boh of Lyman and Olive (Seidmore) Wright, natives of New York, and among the pioneers of Iowa, having come to this State in 1845, direct from Ohio, lo- cating in Jackson county, where the mother died, soon after their arrival. Mr. Wright died in Dubuque in 1890, at the advanced age of eighty-one. He had made his home in Jackson and Dubuque enmities from 1845 to the time • f his death. He followed farm- ing through his active career. These parents were of English and Welsh extraction. Our subject was reared from his eigth year in Jackson county, and was educated in the public and academic schools, and was in the third year of a course at Epworth Seminary, when the war broke out. He enlisted June 10, 1861, in Company A, Third Iowa Volun- teer Infantry, as a private. lie received his first commission July 8, 1864, as Second Lieu- tenant, and was promoted to a captaincy, Octo- ber 10, 1864. Soon after this company was transferred to the Second Iowa Infantry, and our subject was promoted to be Lieutenant- Colonel, January 2, 1865, and as such was mustered out at Goldsborough, North Caro- lina, in April, 1865, at the close of the war. He received bn( one -light wound, and that was at Shiloh, on the finger of his left hand. The battles in which he participated were Blue Mills, Missouri, in 1861; Shiloh, Ten- nessse; the Mississippi expedition ; at Matta- mort; the siege of Vicksburg; Jackson, Mississippi; the 20th and 28th of July at Atlanta. Georgia; Jonesborongh : with Sher- man in his march to the sea; through the Oarolinas; and the last battle at Bentonville, North ( larolina. This honorable list arc only a few of the Leading battles, for he partici- pated in the man j expeditions that proved a- severe, and tried the strength of the Boldiers as much as the closely fought battles. Dar- ing the expeditions they were oat for a long time; some times for weeks they had no com uiunication with the outside world. Colonel Wrhdit was one of the most £jal- hint Boldiers of the war, as his promotions prove. Prior to entering the service, while at Epworth Seminary, he had kept up his study of law, which he had undertaken at Maqnoketa, Jackson county, with Rich &, Fletcher. After his return from the army, he again took up the study of his favorite profession, and was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1865, and formed a partnership with Mr. Rich, of the firm of Rich & Fletch- er, the latter retiring. Our subject continued the practice of law there until he came to Denison, in the spring of 1869. He opened an office here, but owing to the state of the country, there was but little legal business, and he engaged for some three years in teach- ing school, in connection with his practice. After this he again applied himself to the law exclusively until 1886, when he was made Postmaster of Denison, and held the office until 1SS9, when he resigned, since which time he has not been engaged in any active business. He is kept busy looking after his wife's landed interests in Otter Creek. Stockholm and Denison townships, which, all told, amount to about 500 acre-. The marriage of this gentleman took place in Jackson county, Iowa, in October, 1867, to Miss Janette Darling, the daughter of Benjamin and Cynthia (Blake) Darling. Mr. aid Mrs. Wright have an inter family of four children, of whom Frank lives in Nebraska; Winnie became the wife of Grant Gilbreath, and resides in Denver, Col- orado, and Jennie and Addie are still at home. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 419 Politically, our subject is a stauch Demo- crat, and is the present Mayor of Denison, which responsible and honorable office he is holding for the fifth term. He is a member of the School Board, and has been on it for six years; is also a member of the G. A. R., that noble body of men whose ranks grow every year smaller, and belongs to John A. Logan Post, No. 58, of which he has been Commander several times, and since 1882 he he has been officially connected with the State Encampment, as Adjutant, and has filled other offices, and has worked hard for the order, and at present is a member of the Council of Administration. His wife is an interested member of the Woman's Relief Corps. Colonel and Mrs. Wright are among the most respected citizens of the city of Deni- son. -^W/fr^MM^- ||OBERT W. BAMFORD, proprietor of |v| The Fair, Charter Oak, Iowa, is one of the rustling young business men of Crawford county, and in sketching the lives of the pioneers and prominent and representa- tive men of the county we must not omit some mention of him. Mr. Bamford established The Fair at Char- ter Oak in 1889, opening out with a small stock of goods which he has increased to upward of $17,000, and occupying a room 90 x 25 feet, and also having an additional store- room. While he carries a stock of general mercbandise, he makes a specialty of dry goods, boots and shoes and milliner}', his wife having charge of the millinery department. His annual sales amount to over $35,000. In July, 1891, he opened a $4,000 stock of goods in Arion, Iowa, which he has since had under the management of C. W. Underbill. Mr. Bamford was born in Council Bluffs, Iowa, November 26, 1860, son of Robert and Elizabeth (McWilliams) Bamford, descend- ants of Irish ancestry. His father was one of the earliest settlers of Council Bluffs, then known as Kanesville, and made his home in that town until he died. In Council Bluffs Robert W. was reared and educated. At the age of fifteen he came to Crawford county, and here he worked on a farm for three years. He then engaged in the general merchandise business at Charter Oak with W. W. Cush- man, Charter Oak at that time being nothing more than a cross-roads. A year later he went to Denison, and, in company with F. W. Sherrard, bought the mercantile establish- ment of the Luney Brothers, which for five years they conducted under the firm name of Sherrard & Bamford, selling out at the end of that time. Mr. Bamford then came to Charter Oak and closed out a bankrupt store, after which he opened up his present estab- lishment. He does business on a strictly cash basis, his being the first cash store in the county. In Council Bluff's, January 15, 1884, Mr. Bamford was married to Miss Maggie Mas- terson, a native of Clinton county, Iowa, and a daughter of Thomas Masterson. They have three children, namely: Fanchon Maud, Grace Maria and Robert Bernard. He is a member of the K. of P., No. 221, and, polit- ically, affiliates with the Republican party. fHILIP LOCH MILLER, one of the old settlers of Crawford county, Iowa, was —\ born in Enger, Prussia, in February 1333- He is the son of Hamlin and Anna Loch- miller, both of whom died in Germany. 410 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF Philip was reared in his native country to farm life and edu dated in the pnblic Bchools of thai district, and when be waatwentj four years of age lie came to America, direct to Fort Madison. Iowa, where he made his home for four or five year.-, engaged in Earming. After his marriage he came to Crawford coun- ty, Iowa, driving across the country with an ox team bringing all their earthly possessions in the wai'on that I he oxen drew. The load was not very great as they had just begun house. keeping. They were very poor, but had en- ergy and thrift and were willing to work hard to make a home in the new country tor them- selves. They rented a farm of forty acres of Mr. Denisou, but at the end of two years bought forty-five acres of land in the East Boyer township, on section 3, and moved a small frame house from Deloit to his farm. It was only S x 12 feet. They lived in this for the lir.-t \ ear of their residence in this county and then built a log cabin, 12x12 feet. Mr. Lochmiller added land to his farm an til he had secured 280 acres. After some eight or nine year- he built a resilience, frame. 14x20 feet, with a wing, 20 x 20 feet, a Story and a half high, and, also erected a good granary, at the cost of §500. About 1884 erected a fine barn at a cost of $1,000, adding all the other necessary farm buildings that are to be found on a well-regulated farm, lie f illowed general Earming and was one of i lie most successful farmers of this county. having nothing to begin with, he is now one of the wealthiest of the fanners of this county, all the result of his own labors. He and his wife had many hardships to endure in those early days, owing to the scarcity of every thing. For the first six mouths they were here they had no cook Btove, bul they faced all these drawbacks bravely, and are now reap ing their reward. Eor, in 1887, wishing to re- tire from active labor, Mr. Lochmiller erected a tine frame residence in Denison, 30x46 feet, i u o stories high, where they are now enjoying their well-earned rest. lie was married in 1861 to Mi-s Coralina Neehoff, also a native of Prussia, daughter of Dedrick and Mary Neehoff. They have a family of -even children: Antonia, wife of William Johnson, of Denison; Clementina, wife of Alderman Ronsan, of Denison; (Jus- tave, clerk in a merchandise firm; Philip, stu- dent in Omaha I lusiness College; George.also student at the same college; Frank, deceased ; and Rudolph, at home. Politically, Mr. Lochmiller is non-partisan and has held the office of Lioad Supervisor for three years. He is a member of the Baptist Church and is one of the leading influential men of the county. He enjoys the respect and esteem of a large circle of friends and acquaintances. A. PORTER, Denison, Iowa, was born at Ellington, Chautauqua a county, New York. August 18 L842, and was reared and educated there. His father, Aimer Porter, was a native of Vermont and a relative of the distinguished General Porter of New York. The Porters are descended from Irish and Engligh ances tors, many of whom were pioneers and sol- diers. Our subject's mother was before her marriage Bliss Polly Holland. She was a daughter of Abram Holland, and was of Dutch descent. Abnerand Polly Porter had eleven children, four son- and -even daugh- ters that reached adult years. The mother wa- sixty two when she died and the father , igtj two. She wafi a Baptist and he a I'ni- verealist. He was by trades blacksmith CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 411 August 25, 1861, W. A. Porter enlisted in the service of his country, becoming a mem- ber of Company B, Sixty-fourth New York Infantry. He participated in numerous en- gagements, prominent among which were those of Bull Run, Yorktown, the Peninsula, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Anteitam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, etc. At the battle of the Wilderness he was wounded by a shot in the right eye, a forty-four caliber passing into the eye and downward and still remaining in his face. And while lying on the battle-field he was again wounded, this time in the foot. The official report stated he was dead, and he was mourned as such by the family. He was blind for some time and remained in the hospital, being first at Camp- bell Hospital, Washington, District of Co- lumbia, and subsequently at the Columbia College Hospital and the Demars Ear and Eye Infirmary. He was honorably discharged in September, 1864. After his discharge from the service Mr. Porter returned to New York and in 1865 he came to Ackley, Iowa. He was employed on the Illinois Central railroad for a time and afterward with the engineer corps. He then went to Boone, Iowa, where he had charge of some men. He then assisted in building the Chicago & Northwestern railroad from Boone to Denison, where for the past twenty years he has had charge of a section and has run gravel trains and done special work, hav- ing the confidence of his employers and ren- dering efficient service to the company. Mr. Porter was married in Pennsylvania to Emily Barker, and has four children: Mary, Charles, George and Rose. Mary was for a time successfully engaged in teaching. He married his present companion, nee Sarah Watkins, in 1885. She is a native of Wales and a daughter John and Jane Wat- kins. In politics Mr. Porter affiliates with the Republican party. He is a member of the G. A. R , John A. Logan Post, No. 58, also a blue lodge and Royal Arch Mason, having his membership at Dunlap. fILLIAM W. CDSHMAN, Recorder of Crawford conty, Iowa, is a native l-5pTj of Franklin county, New York, born December 24, 1855, son of Albon and Martha (Stearns) Cushman, natives of New York. The family are descendants of Rob- ert Cushman of "Mayflower" fame. William was reared in his native State and educated in the public schools of that dis- trict. At an early age he began teaching winter schools, which occupation he followed until he came West, with the exception of one year that he spent engaged in a mercan- tile establishment. He landed in Crawford county, Iowa, May 24, 1877, having been in the State of Illinois the year prior, but com- ing permanently in 1877, and has been a resident of the county ever since. He first located at Dow City, where he was engaged in mercantile business, first as salesman, but before his five years' stay was ended he was a partner in the business. In 1883 he sold out his interest and went to Charter Oak, where he opened a general store, which was the first business enterprise of the place as the railroad had not yet entered the town He carried a general stock and served as Postmaster for three years of that little city during Cleveland's administration; also held the position of Township Treasurer of that township for four years. He hauled his 113 BIOGRAPHICAL HIBTOBT (>F goods from Dow city and continued in the business until October, 1890, when lit' Bold liis business in order to lake up bis official duties as County Recorder of Crawford county, to which position ho had Kern elected and ha- been tilling since the first of the year lb'Jl, being re-elected in the fall of L892. He also held the responsible position of Trustee of ( 'harter Oak. lie was married January 1, 1880, to Miss Martha J. Riddle, native of Michigan, daughter of Robert and Jane Kiddle, natives of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Cushman have four children, Mabel A., Nellie L., William S. and Edwin A. Mr. Cushman's election was over John Hoist, with a majority of 1,047, running ahead of the State ticket over 200 votes, re- ceiving all but twenty odd in his own town- Bhip, his majority being the largest the comity has ever had. He is a stanch Demo- crat and and is a member of the Hospitable Lodge. A. F. & A. M., No. 244, Ark Chap- ter, No. S'.i. Mount Zion Conimandery, No. 4'.», El-Kahir Temple Mystic Shrine of Cedar Rapids, [owa, and of [. O. O. !■'., Charter ( )ak Lodge No. 105, and is one of the charter members of the latter. * Mr. Cushman and his estimable wife are among the leading and enterprising citizens of Denison and enjoy the respect and esteem of a host of friends. tAV 1 1) KELLER, one of the prominent stockmen of western Iowa, was horn in Westmoreland county. Pennsylvania, November 24, 1843, a son of Samuel and Margaret (l!air) Keller, also natives of Lan- caster and Westmoreland counties, Pennsyl vania. The parents reared a family of five sons, three of whom were Boldiers: John, who served in the fifteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, and now resides in that State; Da- vid, our Bubject; and Samuel, a member of the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, also resides in that State. David Keller was reared to farm life, and at Lincoin's call for 600,000 more men, he enlisted in the Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cav- alry, Company I», where he served three years. He participated in the battles of Nashville, Murfreesboro, Stone River, the At lanta campaign, then back to Nashville; was with General Stoneman in the famous raid through Virginia, and our subject was on duty the entire time, except three days on account of sickness. After the close of the war he remained in Pennsylvania until 1868, in that year he removed to Clinton county, Iowa, settling near Alvira, and in 1872, came to Crawford county, settling two miles south of Denison, and later came to his present farm of 240 acres. He has added to his place until he now owns 060 acres, has a good dwelling, lSx24 feet, a fine grove and orchard, good barns and sheds, and everything uecessarj for a first-class farm. Mr. Keller is the largest stock feeder in western Iowa, the past year having fed 7(111 head of cattle. and using 35,000 bushels of corn. He also feeds many BM inc. I > u i- subject was married in Clinton county, in the fall of 1868, to an Old school-mate, Mary Ellen Leer, who was burn, rearetl and educated in Lancaster county. Pennsylvania, a daughter of Henry Gr. and Margaret Beer. Mr. and Mrs. Keller have had eight children, viz.: Margaret, wife of Rich Kinney; John. David, Tracy, Richard, Albert, Maggie, Emma and Grade. Mr. Keller is a Repub- lican in his political view.-, has served as Township Trustee eleven year6, and as a CRAWFORD IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 413 member of the School Board. He has the characteristics of an old soldier and stock- man, is frank and jovial with all, honorable in business, and is a successful and popular citizen. -T^iSlSl/b— I/inns^ [OLOMON W. SLATER, of East Boyer township, one of the well-known pio- neers of Crawford county, was born in Ulster county, New York, September 15, 1839, a son of James Slater, a native of the same county, and one of the early pioneers of Craw- ford county. He was a son of Walter Slater. The family were of Holland descent, and were early settlers in the vicinity of New York city. Our subject's mother died when he was a boy of twelve years, leaving four children: James, deceased; Maria, who died in this county; Solomon W., our subject; and Anna, who died in New York. In 1854 the father started west with the children, coming by boat to Albany, thence to Buffalo, by rail, then by boat to Chicago, Illinois, then by railroad to Rock Island, same State, and next by team to Crawford county, Iowa, locating in East Boyer township, section 10. He settled on wild land, and at that time there was only ten or twelve voters in the county. He erected a log cabin, 14x16 feet, where hospitality was dispensed in a liberal manner, it being the best stopping place west of Car- roll, twenty-five miles distant. The father remained here until his death, which occurred at the age of seventy-two years. He was a Republican in his political views. Solomon W. was a lad of sixteen years when he came with his father to Crawford county, and took part in clearing, breaking and making a farm. He drove team to Council Bluffs, eighty miles distant, for pro- visions for family use, and also to Sioux City. He has one of the best farms in the county, consisting of 320 acres in section 10, and his beautiful residence stands on the site of the old log cabin. Mr. Slater is surrounded by all the comforts of life, and his place has all the improvements necessary for a well-regu- lated farm. He was married in this county, at the age of twenty-seven years to Sarah Wiuans, a native of Bureau county, Illinois, and a daughter of Clark Winans, one of the pioneer settlers of that county. To this union has been born one son, Henry. The wife and mother died in December, 1865, and three years later our subject married Mary Winans, a sister of his former wife, and they have four children, viz.: George, Katie, Grace and Frank. Politically, Mr. Slater affiliates with the Republican party, has served as a member of the School Board, and as a Director, Trustee, and Cierk of his town- ship. He has the characteristics of a pio- neer, is frank and jovial in his manner, hon- est in his dealings, and is a popular citizen. STOECKS, one of the prominent mer- chants of Denison, Iowa, form the ° subject of this sketch. Mrs. Stoecks has a large and complete stock of dry goods, notions, millinery, boots and shoes, clothing, hats and caps, etc.; her millin- ery stock is the largest in Denison, being under the able management of herself. She occu- pies two large rooms, one 30x60 feet, and the other, 20 x 70 feet, and carries a stock of goods valued at about $25,000, her annual sales amounting to over $50,000. She em- ploys six efficient clerks. This prosperous establishment is the outgrowth of a small be- ginning. In 1879 Mr. and Mrs. Stoecks be- 411 BlOGHM'llli'M. BI8T0BT OF pm business in Denison with a $50 stock of millinery goods, occupying a portion of a business room, only having one window and about twelve feet of shelving. She worked hard all summer, bnt was systematically robbed of a large part of her profits. Not discouraged, however, she went to work with renewed energy, and from that time on has gradually increased her business, and now ranks with the leading business houses in tin- county. She established a branch store in Charter < >ak, which she conducted in connec- tion with her house here for two or three years, but has disposed of that stock, and now confines herself to Denison. Mr. and Mrs. Stoecksaiv oativea of Schles- wig-Holstein, Germany. He was horn April 25, 1825, son of Erasmus Stoeeks, and came to America in 1852. Mrs. Stoeeks was by maiden name Caroline Schmutsch, and is a daughter of Frederick Schmutsch. She came to America in 1868. They were married in Davenport, Iowa, and have two children: Harry and Matilda. Mr. Stoeeks also has two children by a former marriage, they he- me residents of Monmouth, Illinois. Politically, Mr. Stoeeks affiliates with the Republican party. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Lutheran Church. F. CASSADAY. Denison, Iowa, is the proprietor of one of the finest drug '* stores in the western part of the State. He may properly be classed with the pioneers of ( irawford county, as he came here at an early day and has siuce been identified with the interests of thie city and county. A.- an early settler and a prominent and highly re- spected business man, he i> entitled to Bome personal consideration on tin' pages of this work, and it is with pleasure we present the following sketch of his life: C. F. Cassaday was horn south of Quincy, Illinois. February •'>. 1*42, son of J. \V. and Nancy A. ( Wasson) Cassaday, native- of Ken tucky, and descended from the first families of Kentucky and Virginia. .1. \Y . Cassaday, deceased, was a prominent physician in his day, practicing in Kentucky, Missouri and Illinois. Grandfather Cassaday, a Methodist minister, lived to he over a hundred years old. The subject of our sketch attended the pub- lic schools in Illinois, and completed his edu- cation with a course in a commercial college in that State. When a hoy he clerked in a general store, and after he grew up entered the employ of John V. Farwell & Co., Chi- cago, with whom he remained seven years. In 1867 he started West by stage, looking for a location, and had many trying experiences before getting as far as Denison, the heavy Bnows rendering travel difficult. Here he was 6nowed in for eleven days, and while waiting to get out he decided to remain in Denison. Acting upon this decision, he established himself in the general merchandise business, opening up a stock of dry goods, boots and shoes, hats and caps, etc. He conducted this business until 1S79, when he purchased the old Commercial House, what is now known as the Fargo House. This old hostelry he ran for some three years, after which he ac- cepted a position in the W. A. Me Henry Bank, remaining there until the latter part of 1885. In February, 1886, he purchased an interest in the drug business, succeeding Mr. Evers, who was in partnership 'with Mr. Me- Ahren, and under the firm name of McAhren & Cassaday, the business was conducted until the spring of 1892, since which time Sir t assaday has been sole proprietor. CHAW FORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 41o Mr. Cassaday is a stanch Democrat and is an active worker in tiie ranks of his party. He was one of the first councilmen in Deni- son and served for a number of years. He was also a member of the School Board for a long time. Few have done more toward aid- ing in the material growth and development of Denison than he. He has been interested in the erection of the following buildings: The old Chicago store, the Goldheim building, the Iveus Block, the Knoul drug-store build- ing, and some residence property. He owns a fine residence at the extreme north end of Main street, situated in a natural grove. He was one of the stockholders of the old Fair Association, and is also of the new, having served as secretary of the same for a number of years. Socially, he affiliates with the A. 0. U. W. and the M. W. of A. Mr. Cassaday is a man of family. He was married in Denison February 3, 1868, to Miss Hellen M. McHenry, daughter of J. V. Mc- Henry, and a native of New York State. They have had three children, two sons and one daughter, the latter being deceased. The older son, Leon M., is a graduate of Des Moines College, a member of the class of '92. The other son, Ralph S., is at home. I C. S. BRAINARD, agent for the North-Western railroad at Dennison, "° Iowa, is a native of Onarga, Illinois, born in October, 1863, son of B.S. and Phy- linda (Porter) Brainard. Our subject was reared in Iowa, coming here when but three years of age, and made Cedar Rapids his home, most all of the time. He was educated in this city, and remained here during his boyhood days. He be^an the study of telegraphy with a brother, and when but eleven years of age was able to take and send an order, having taken train orders at that early age, and prior to his sixteenth year he was given the Clarksville station, Iowa, on the then Dubuque & Dakota rail- road, after which he accepted a night position at Shell Rock with the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern railroad, going thence to What Cheer, remaining with the road about a year, when he entered the employ of the Chi- cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, on the Iowa & Dakota division, as relief agent and operator, and remained one year. His next position was with the St. Paul, Milwaukee & Mani- toba railroad, at Breckenridge, Minnesota, where he remained one year as an operator; from there he went to Little Falls, and en- gaged as operator for the Northern Pacific, railroad, remaining six months. He then returned to the Manitoba railroad acrain, CD * this time being located at St. Cloud, Minne- sota, where he acted as operator for six months, going from there t> Minneapolis Junction, where he remained upward of a year. He then entered the employ of the C. & M. AY. R R. Company at What Cheer, which was his first location with this company, remaining here for two years, as car-checker at first, but before he left he had full control of the office. He was then transferred to Muchahinock, and had charge of the station and yard there for over two years, after which he came to Denison and took charge of the station, hav- ing been in this position ever since. He is thorough in his business, and is an affable gentleman. He affiliates with the Republican party, and is active in local politics. He was married September 26, 1889, at Livonia, New York, to Miss Gertrude A. Wo id ruff, a native of New York, daughter of W. J. and Mary (Sherwood) Woodruff. 410 lUoailM'IUCAI. lll.sTOHY ill-' Mi-, ami Mrs. Brainard are tin 1 parents of one child, Scotl Byron. The parents of oar snbject are residents of Ogden, Utah, where they are living retired from business. They only had three cliil- dren, one of whom, the only daughter, Ella C, is deceased. The other son is named Clarence, and he is a real-estate dealer in 1'iali. Our subject is the youngest of this family. These people can trace their family back to the three great nations, England, Scotland and Germany, and dates back for five generations, at least. With such a com- mingling of good blood, it is no wonder that our subject has succeeded as he has. He is a fair example of what can be accomplished by an honest, industrious man in any walk in life, but especially in the railroad line is good service recognized and rewarded, a a in the present case. fC. BARRETT was one of the early set- tlers of Crawford county, Iowa, and was born in county Mayo, Ireland, in April, 1834. He is the son of Henry and Margaret (Cain) Barrett, and was reared in his native country until he was fifteen years old. He grew up to farm life and oidy re- ceived a limited education. In 1850 he came to America and fir>t located in Fayette county, Iowa, north of Dubuque, where be spent some eighteen months, and then came to Clinton county, where he resided two or three years. In 1862 he came to Boone, Iowa, and then into Crawford county, locating at Denison. He here purchased a tract of f>-40 acres in Soldier township, section 16. This was raw land, and he began immediately to make im- provement.-, ami soon saw gratifying results. lie was the second settler in that township. and at that time, after leaving Denieoo, one must travel about twenty-five miles before Seeing any other habitation until his place was reached. Our subject first built a board houBe, 1.6x20, and this did duty until the following summer, when he erected a frame residence, 1-1x20, with a wing, 16 x 11, and this is still standing as a monument of the pioneer days of the county. When he ar- rived in the county he possessed a team of horses, a wagon and about $250 in money. This was his capital, and with it he combined a great amount of pluck and determination, and has prospered in a remarkable manner. He located on the farm and remained there until 1881, when he removed to Denison, where he purchased a residence property. He has been one of the most active men in the community, and has owned several thousand acres of land in this county, but he has dis- posed of a good portion of them, yet owning some 2,000 acres, the most of which is in Charter Oak and Soldier townships. For the past eleven years he has devoted his attention largely to the buying and selling of farm land, which he would improve and then 6ell. He has broken up over 3,300 acres of land in Crawford county, and in this and adjoin- ing counties he has handled over 5,000 acres. He has done some general farming and stock- raising, lie was one of the organizers of Soldier township, and was the first Treasurer, Supervisor and Trustee of the township. He has always been a stanch Democrat, and for five years was, with one other, the only man who cast a Democratic vote in the township. He was always active in assisting in build ing up this county, and has been one of the most influential men in his township. The marriage of our subject took place in L854 to Mis> Ellen Devitt, and they have eight children: Mary, who is the wife of CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 417 Patrick Dean, of Vail; Henry, a resident of Charter Oak; Kate and Rose, at home; Lee, who is in the State of Washington; Jacob, in Chicago; Marcella, at home, and James also. The last two graduated in the class of 1892, at. the Denison High School. James, the youngest of the family, is just past his six- teenth year, a young graduate. The family are members of the Catholic Church. Mr. Barrett is a self-made man, who started at the very bottom, and has earned a place among the wealthy men of the county. He now holds the position of mem- ber of the City Council, and also is President of the Fair Association of Crawford county. He set out the first grove of maple and Cot- tonwood trees in Soldier township. The wild same roamed around his new home when he first came here. He has traveled exten- sively in both Europe and America, having made several trips to California, where he owns property and has spent four winters. He is a man of broad views and of excep- tional intelligence. P. SMITH, manager and treasurer of the Farmers' Lumber Company, Bat- ,;a tie Creek, Iowa, is a man of marked business ability and has risen, unaided, to a position of wealth and influence. The company of which Mr. Smith is man- ager was incorporated and began business March 24, 1892, succeeding the S. H. Bow- man Lumber Company. They carry doors, blinds, trimmings and building material of all kinds, and also deal in coal, stone, brick, etc., their stock being valued at $5,000. The company is officered as follows: Dr. B. Crasser, president; A. M.Wallace, vice-presi- dent; D. T. Fowler, secretary; and E. P. Smith, manager and treasurer. Mr. Smith was born in Syracuse, New York, December 29, 1849, son of Samuel and Martha E. (Elson) Smith, natives of England, now deceased. Until he was seventeen he lived on a farm in his native State. That year he came to Ida county, Iowa, located in Corwin township, and for one year was en- gaged in farming there. Then he came to the eastern part of Maple township, where he improved a farm of 120 acres. He afterward sold this property, moved to Moorhead creek, and lived there one year. Then he purchased eighty acres on Aldridge creek, which he improved and sold. After that he rented half of section 27, Maple township, for a period of seven years, the land being wild and unimproved. He cultivated the soil, built a house and planted trees, and dur- ing the time he rented he saved money euongh to buy 160 acres in section 21. This property he at once began to improve, and still owns it. Here he built a small house which served for their home until 1885, when he erected a commodious two-story residence. He built good barns, fences, etc., and by freely expending both labor and money greatly enhanced the value of his property. From time to time he bought and improved other lands. He has 200 acres in section 28, and 160 acres on section 16, same township, on each of which he lias placed good build- ings, fences, etc., and planted grove and or- chard. He also owns eighty acres in section 12, Garfield township, which he expects soon to improve. In November, 1888, he pur- chased a residence in Battle Creek, and has since made his home here. Up to that time he had been engaged in general farming and stock-raising, and after moving to Battle Creek was retired from active business until 1892, when he became associated with the Farmers' Lumber Company. Mr. Smith is a IIS BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF stockholder and director in the Maple Valley Savings Bank. Socially, he is a member of the K. of P. order. Politically, lie is a Re- publican, lie has held must of the township offices, and is now a mem her of the School Board in Battle Creek, lleis a Presbyterian, and is Treasurer and Trustee of the church. Mi. Smith was married March 12,1876, to Miss Anna L. . I ones. They have three children: Alice L, Leonard S., and Ray- mond E. -«$> ■ :•• "J.* IHAKLES POWIS, one of the repre- sentative farmers of Paradise township, Crawford county, Iowa, forms the Sub- ject of this sketch. Mr. Powis was horn in Herefordshire, England, May 2, 1846, son of John and Mary Ann (Abel) Powis, natives of the same county. His parents are both dead. The father's death occurred in Herefordshire, England, at the age of eighty-two years, ami the mother's death occurred six years before his. Six of their nine children are now living, namely: .John; Mary Anna; Ann, wife of .lames Trupp, Hardin county, Iowa; Charles, whose name head- this article; Martha; and Hannah Trupp. Those deceased are Elizabeth Powell, late of Denison, Iowa; Edmund, who died at the age of seven years; and < ieorge, at the age of se\ enteen. Charles Powis was reared on a farm and received an ordinary education in his native land. In 1878 he came to America and di- rect to Iowa. After spending one week in Marshalltown he came to Crawford county, arriving here May 27. He made his home in Hanover township five years, then sold out, bought his present farm of L20 acres in sec- tion 12, Paradise township, and here he has since lived. Out of what was then wild land he has developed one of the finest farms in the neighborhood, lie has a comfortable c ittage en o home, pleasantly located on a natural building site and surrounded with lawn, grove and or- chard. He has a fine mulberry grove and and all kinds of small fruit indigenous to this climate. His barn, granary, cribs, fields and fences, and the general appearance of the premises all go to stamp the owner as a thrifty farmer. Mr. Powis was married in England, when he was thirty years of age, to Jessie Trupp, who was born, reared and educated in Here- fordshire, daughter of Richard ami .lane i Mai pas) Trupp. Her father is deceased, buther mother is still living at the age of seventj- three years. Mr. Powis is a man of general information, and broad and progressive views, and favors the advancement of education and religion. Both he and his wife are members of the Baptist Church at Denison and are active Sabbath-school workers, he being Superin- tendent and she a teacher. He is a temper- ance man. and casts his vote with the Repub- lican party. f#I ILLIAM K SCH()UTEN < " f I)ow [^sjferj county, Illinois, March 30, 1S64, son of James and Mary (Nessle) Schouten, the former being descended from French ances- tors, and the latter from English and I ierman. His parents both diad in Crawford county, loua. his mother passing away in 1SS!), and his father in May, 1892. The father was a carpenter and followed that trade thirty live ,: He came to this county in 1875, and located on a farm in section- B and 17. Union CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAV COUNTIES. 419 township, it being partially improved at the time he settled on it. He directed his atten- tion toward the cultivation and improvement of this land, 120 acres, and at the time of his death had one of the best farms in his vicin- ity. He was a Prohibitionist and an earnest worker in the temperance •cause. Following are the names of their children: Jennie, widow of D. McCord, lives in Paradise town- ship, Crawford county; Hannah, wife of J. P. Duncan, also of Paradise township; and Will- iam N. The subject of our sketch was reared on the home farm, and was educated in the common and high schools. lie continued farming until the fall of 1891. At that time he went to Illinois, and upon his return to Iowa in the spring of the following year he -settled in Dow City, and began dealing in live stock. He was subsequently in the em- ploy of Soriver & Co., grain dealers, for a short time. Then, in partnership with F. M. Cole, he bought the livery business of A. Weatherby, but later sold his interest in this business, and again entered the employ of Scriver & Co. Mr. Schouten is a Republican in politics. Socially, he is a member of the M. W. of A. He is one of the enterprising young men of the county, and we bespeak for him a success- ful career. &OEMAN J. WHEELER. -The name of this gentleman is that of the efficient city weigh master and superintendent of the city water-works of Denison, Iowa. He is a native of Union county, Ohio, where he was born September 14, 1841, the son of Horatio and Eunice (Tucker) Wheeler. He was reared in Indiana, from his seventh year, in Porter county, on a farm, and received his education in the public schools of northern Indiana and at Valparaiso, in that State, and finished with a course at Eastman's Business College, in Chicago, Illinois. At the age of twenty years he began teaching school, and con- tinued at this for five terms in Indiana. He then began farming and carried that on for four years, at the expiration of which time he came to Denison, Iowa, and was on the first passenger train that ever entered the city, November 3, 1866. He immediately began teaching school, and continued at this until four years passed away, doing some clerical work in the meantime. In the fall of 1870, he was elected County Superintendent, which position he held for the following four years. At the end of that time he engaged with Mr. Sprecher in his mercantile establishment, and also in the stock business. He took the management for seven years of this business, when he pur- chased the stock and conducted the whole business for three years. He disposed of it, when he took the office of District Clerk, to which he had been elected. This office he filled for six years to the satisfaction of all, and applied himself so closely to his duties that he needed a change of air when his term of office expired. He enjoyed a year of travel and then took the position of inanacer of the water-works of the city. He had been a member of the Council for nine years, and was one of the main factors in securing the water-works plant. Politically, our subject is a believer in the principles of the Democratic party and works for the furtherance of its doctrines. Socially, he is a member of K. of P., Dowdall Lodce, No. 90, and was second Chancellor Com- mander, and one of the active members of the same. He belongs to the Iowa Legion of Honor. HlonnM'IlIVAL HISTORY OF Eis marriage occurred in November, 1861, to Miss Annette Watson, a native of New Fork State, and a daughter of James and Surah (Bull) Watson. Mr. and Mr-. Wheeler are the parents of two children: Orr Watson and Eunice Emma. Mr. Wheeler and his estimable wife are highly respected people in this city, and have a pleasant home, where they delight to receive their friends. This sketch would not be complete without a short notice of the family history: The Wheeler family dates it- origin in Wale.-, and our Bubjecl can trace back five generations. Aaron Wheeler was the sue- cessive head of the family for three genera- tions, and then came Horatio who was the next and the father of our subject. The oc- cupations of the family appeal' to have been the tilling of the soil and lumbering. Hora- tio Wheeler was born and reared in Vermont and spent the greater part of his life in New York, Ohio and Indiana. Be lived a quiet life, agriculture being bis chosen profession. The original Wheeler settled in New England and was a member of the famous Boston Tea Party. The father of our subject reared a family of four children, and ak, Iowa, was boi u iii the Province of Quebec, I ada. Mav 16, 1*52, Bon of Lewis and Mar garet (Mason) Bolieu, natives of franco. His parents are now residents of Akron. Iowa, both well advanced in years, the father ninety six and the mother ninety. They had a fam- ily often children, nine of whom are living, John being the youngest child and the only member of the family in Crawford eouniy. He grew up in Canada, received his educa- tion in the public schools, and as soon as he was old enough began to take care of himself. In 1870 Mr. Bolieu came to Iowa, and for twelve months lived at De Witt, Clinton county. Then going to Sioux City, he made that place his headquarters during the follow- ing seven year-, engaged in various pursuits. In August, is^s, he came to Crawford county and bought eighty acres of wild land in Sol- dier township. Here he built a residence, made other improvements, and engaged in genera! fanning. He continued to reside on this farm until 1887, and in January, 1891, sold it. In the meantime he purchased other tracts of land, improving the same from time to time, and doing his share toward advancing the agricultural interests of the county. At this writing he is the owner of 520 acres, located in Soldier, Charter Oak and Hanover townships, all finely improved land. These farms he has rented. Since 1887 Mr. Bolieu has resided in Char- ter Oak. That year he built the hotel he has since owned and operated, it being the first hotel in the town. He also owns other prop- erty here. lb- was married February 2 s !, Is7s, to Miss Ellen Coniv, a native of Pennsylvania, ami a daughter of Janie- and Ivate Conry. Their only child LB named Mary. Mr. Bolieu is eminently a self-made man. tie began life without capital, by industry and good management accumulated a com J-> rs potency, and is now ranked with the well-to- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 421 do men of the county. Politically, he is a Democrat, and has rendered efficient service in various township offices. He and his fam- ily are among the most worthy and highly respected people of the town in which they live. (HARLES H. WEED, one of the early settlers of Crawford county, Iowa, is a native of Oswego county, New York, born December 22, 1842, son of Silas and Polly A. (Hyatt) Weed, who were descended from English ancestry. He remained in his native State until he had attained his major- ity, spending his youth on the farm and as a clerk in a mercantile establishment. In 1863 Mr. Weed came to Iowa. After spending one year in Keokuk he located in Story county, this State, where he was for five years engaged in farming. While in Story county he was married March 14, 1868, to Miss Jemima A. Garberson, a native of Holmes county, Ohio. She was born Sep- tember 25, 1840, daughter of Joseph and Hannah (Hough) Garberson, of Welsh de- scent. July 3, 1869, he and his wife came to Crawford county and here they have since made their home. He located on 160 acres of wild prairie land in section 27, Charter Oak township, being among th,e very first settlers of the township. He erected a frame house, 16x24 feet, in which they lived until 1890. That year he erected the finest resi- dence in the county. It was designed by Loft, the famous architect; is fitted up with all the modern improvements and is furnished in the most approved manner. This large residence, the commodious barns aud other farm buildings, altogether present the appear- ance of a small village. 32 Mr. Weed started out in life a poor boy, working by the month. He left home when he was fourteen and from that time has been dependent upon his own exertions. His life has been characterized by honest industry, economy and good management. The eighty acres of land he bought and improved in Story county he sold to a good advantage be- fore coming to his present location, and for the first quarter-section he bought here he paid $5 per acre. This property is now of great value. His residence alone cost $5,000, and in his other buildings he has invested several thousand dollars. The main barn is 40x60 feet; double cribs for grain, 28 x60 feet; hay house, 24 x 56 feet; another double crib, 32 x 24 feet; cattle shed, 100 x 24 feet. These farm buildings are surrounded by trees of his own planting and he also has some natural groves. His orchard is com- posed of about 500 trees. From time to time he added to his first purchase of land until he became the owner of 1,320 acres. He has, however, sold off eighty acres, now own- ing 1,240, all in one body, in Charter Oak township. At the time he came to Craw- ford county he had two horses and five cows, now we find on his ^broad acres about 300 head of cattle, 200 hogs and twenty-five horses. His sales from his farm the past year reached over $11,000. He keeps a dairy of twenty-five cows and ships his pro- duct to Omaha. Besides the property above referred to, he also owns three dwellings in Charter Oak and has eight valuable lots in Sioux City. He is a stockholder and one of the directors of the First National Bank of Charter Oak. Politically, Mr. Weed is a stanch Repub- lican. He was the first Assessor of Soldier and Charter Oak townships, serving two 422 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF years; ia now a member of the Board of Edu- cation of the Independent District of Charter Oak. Mr. and Mrs. Weed are the parents of sewn children, viz.: Clara I,., Edward II., Hattie M., Eugene B., Samuel R., Holland R. andXell Verne. Clara is the wife of Charles Simnis and lives in Omaha, Nebraska; Hattie M. was married November 24, 18'.)2, Thanks- gr\ ing I ►ay, to Warren C. Johnson, of Marion, Iowa, now located at Charter Oak, in the livestock business. fj. YOUNG, proprietor of the North Star Livery Barn, Denison, Iowa, one ° of the leading business men of the town, is a native of Rochester, New York. Be was born May 9, 1850, son of Benjamin 1'. and Ilellen A. (Johnson) Young. Ilis mother (deceased) was a daughter of Judge Johnson, of Rochester, New York. His father, one of the best financiers of New York State, was for twenty years the cashier of the Rochester City Bank, and is now a resident of Bath, New York, where he has charge of the Pnlteny estate. Mr. Young has very pleasant recollections of his boyhood days, they having been spent in a home of comfort and affluence, twelve years of this happy life having been spent in Rochester and Bath. After completing his studies in the public schools, he entered De \'al College, a military school in New York, and remained a student, there two years. At the age of twenty be left school, and when he was twenty-one came to Iowa, and entered the employ of a surveying corps, superin- tended by Chief Engineer S. M. Seymour, of New fork, lie assisted in making the Bnr- \,-\ of the Chicago & Southwestern road, spending the summer and fall in the West, and returning to New York for the winter. In the spring of 1872 Mr. Young came back to Iowa, and at this time purchased 120 acres of land on section 20, Denison township, Crawford county, it having been slightly im- proved, lie went to work in earnest to cul- tivate his farm, and from time to time made still further improvements. March 1, 1874, he married Miss Mary Kuhn, a native of Baltimore, Maryland, born in 1858, and they became the parents of three sons: Leon M., Charles 1). and Frank I>. After their marriage they continued to make their home on the farm for some time, but Mr. Young finally, meeting with some misfor- tune, rented his land and moved into Denison. For four years lie was employed on the pile- driver, doing bridge work in this county. He then moved back to the farm, where he remained but a short time. Since 1883 he has made his home in Denison. He pur- chased the livery business above referred to, his stock being composed of about twenty head of horses and a supply of buggies, car- riages, etc., and since becoming owner has been doing a successful business. He is a stanch Republican, and for the past six years has been serving as Constable. Fra- ternally, he affiliates with the A. F. & A. M. and the K. of P. -£»ee> 3* jRCHIIJALI) COOK iB a promineat citi- zen of Willow township, residing upon section 28, who possesses the respect of the public throughout Crawford county. Iowa, having had his residence here since 1879. He was bqrn in Tioga county. Pennsylvania, January 18, I s 1L and he was the son of • lames Cook, a native of Syracuse, New York. CRAWFORD, IDA AND HAG COUNTIES. 42:J The latter was a soldier of the war of 1812, and a son of William Cook, who followed the trade of blacksmith. The mother of our subject was named Rachel Iiazlett, of Scotch ancestry, but born in New England. The marriage of the parents of our subject took place in Nelson, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, and there they have lived and celebrated their golden wedding, and on January 18, 1893, celebrated their sixty-first anniversary of wedded life, an event seldom occurring in the lives of most married people, the husband or wife dying before reaching the fiftieth anni- versary. They have reared nine children, live sons and four daughters. Our subject was reared upon the farm in his Pennsylvania home, and attended the ex- cellent common schools of his native State. "When the war broke out he was among the first to respond to the call for soldiers, and enlisted October 27, 1861, in the Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, in Company L, his service extending over eighteen months. His regiment wa-< stationed for some time at Rapidan, Virginia, also at Manassas Junction and Bull Run. He was honorably discharged at Convalescent camp, in Virginia, and re- turned to his home in Tioga county, Penn. sylvania. In 1864 he removed to Illinois, and settled near Genoa, DeKalb county, where he remained until 1879. In the year of 1879 our subject came to the State of Iowa, settled upon wild land, of which he bought eighty acres, to which he has added until he now is the owner of 260 acres of choice Iowa land, pastures, meadows, plowed land and cultivated fields, and upon this he feeds and raises great herds of cattle. He also has a fine grove and three acres in orchard and small fruits, with barns, stables, granaries and sheds. The most important building of L is his nice residence, 16 x 22 feet, with an L, 20 x 22 feet, two stories high, and in this pleasant home our subject enjoys life and entertains his friends with true west- ern hospitality. Our subject was married in De Kalb county, Illinois, to Miss Sarah P. Shurtleff, a lady of education and refinement. She was the daughter of George and Sarah (Perkins) Shurtleff, natives of Canada, although the father now lives in Genoa, Illinois. Mrs. Cook was four years of age when her mother died, leaving her and a brother, Hiram, now residing in Genoa. The father is a member of the Christrian Advent Church. His second wife was named Louisa Cole, and two chil- dren were born of this union: Charles and Edwin. Charles is a banker of Stratton, Ne- braska, and Edwin is a resident of Harvey, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Cook are the parents of six children: Wilford H., Harry J., George B., Mary R., Archie J. and Jessie E. Harry died at the age of five and one-half years. Mr. Cook is a Republican in his political opinions, a member of the G. A. R., Shield's Post, No. 83, of Dunlap, Iowa, a member of I. O. O. F., No. 105, of Charter Oak. Mrs. Cook is an active and zealous member and worker in the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Sabbath-school worker and is prominent in missionary and temperance work. This family is very popular with the best class of people of the county, being among the foremost workers in all educational and charitable pro- jects. M ARTHUR & SON, hardware, furniture, ] harness and wagon dealers, of Arthur, ^>- a Ida county. I. Arthur was born in York county, Pennsylvania, in 1810, a son of Samuel and Mary (Beck) Arthur, natives ■I'.'! BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF also of that State. The Father, a weaver and farmer by occupation, died in bis native county in L890, and his wife departed this life in L872. They were the parents of eight children, six now living, namely: Rebecca, wife of Joseph Frankelberger, of York county, Pennsylvania; Elizabeth, now Mrs. John Taylor, of Cumberland county, Penn- sylvania; Henry, married, and resides in Virginia. Illinois; Jacob, married, and re- sides in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania; Joseph, of Kansas; and our subject. The latter was reared and educated in his native county. la 1862 he enlisted in the late war, in the army brigade corps, and served eighteen months in that capacity in Virginia. After the close of his term of enlistment, Mr. Arthur resumed his trade of wagon-making in Mechanicsbnrg, Pennsyl- vania. In 1n75 he located in Sac county, Iowa, and two years later came to Ida county, where he began farming on land lying in both Sac and Ida counties. In 1882 he em- barked in the harness and wagon business in Arthur, Ida county, and in 1892, in company with his son, he also began the hardware and furniture trade, in all of which he carries a complete line of goods. Mr. Arthur has erected two business houses, the first 28 x 24 feet, and the second, erected in 1891, 39 x 2 1 feet, where the hardware and furniture busi- ness is carried on. Our subject was married in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, in 1860,to Mary Will- iam-, a native of Lancaster county, that State, and a daughter of Joseph William?-, a member of a pioneer family of that county. Mr. and Mi-. Arthur have had six children, viz.: William, who married Miss Anna John- son, a native of fowa, is a resident of Ode- bolt, Sac county; Samuel, who was married in 1885, to Lula Love, a native of Xorth Carolina and a daughter of John C. Love, is engaged in business with his father in Ar- thur; Grant, engaged in railroad work in Lake City; Ray, telegraph operator at [da Grove; Eddie, at home; and Lawrence, who died at the age of nine years. Mr. Arthur LS a Ruling Elder, and as.~i.-d-d in building the Church of God, of which his wife is also a member. lie has resided in Ida county fif- teen years, during which time he has always been one of the representative and leading citizens. ■MMjl, HARTMAN, Mayor of RattleCreek, %j'/v7nV Ida county, Iowa, and a man known ^3^^° far and wide as an extensive stock dealer, being a member of the firm of Soesbe & Co., Battle Creek, dates his birth in Lan- caster county, Pennsylvania, September 4, 1851. His parents, Philip and Hannah (Will) Hartman, are natives of Pennsylvania, and are still residents of that State, aged respect- ively seventy six and seventy-three years. II is father is a miller by occupation. They have had ten children, five of whom are de- ceased, the subject of this sketch being the fourth-born. He was reared on a farm. When be reached his majority, Mr. Hart- man located in Sterling, Illinois, where he held the position of foreman of Powell's Nursery for four years. In 1879 he went to Kansas, and was there engaged in farming until the fall of 1881, when he came to Gar- field township, Ida county, Iowa, and pur- chased eighty acres of land in section li. ( >n this property he farmed si* years. Then In' Bold out and bought 200 acres in sections 4 and •"), same township, and here gave his attention to general farming and stock- C MAW FORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 425 raising until the spring of 1888. At that time he located in Battle Creek and formed a partnership with Mr. Soesbe, in the stock business. They handle upward of three car- loads of stock per week the year round, shipping to Chicago, and paying out from $10,000 to $25,000 per month. Mr. Hartman is one of the most active and enterprising men of Battle Creek. In the spring of 1892 he was elected Mayor of the city, having filled the office two years prior to that time. He has also served as Town- ship Trustee of Maple township. As a poli- tician lie is an active worker, being identified with the Republican ranks. He has served as Chairman of the Maple Township Central Committee, and at various times has been a delegate to the Congressional conventions, always looking to the best interests of his constituents. Socially, he is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Perseverance Lodge, No. 446, Battle Creek, of which lie is Junior Deacon, having passed the Master's chair; also of the K. of P., Olympic Lodge, No. 257, being Prelate of the same. While a resident of Sterling, Illinois, and in the employ of Mr. Powell, he was married to Miss Melissa Powell, a native of that State, their marriage occurring December 25, 1877. Her parents, C. R. and Mary (Quick) Powell, were born in New York State. T^ r©^^ I D. WOLCOTT, proprietor of " Maple Grove" stock farm, adjoining the town of Battle Creek, Iowa, is one of the substantial men of Ida county. Mr. Wolcott is a native of Washtenaw county, Michigan, born September 16, 1858, son of Samuel and Maria (Matthews) Wol- cott. His father was a native of New York, and his grandfather served as a soldier of the war of 1812. Mr. Wolcott was an orphan at an early age, being left motherless at the age of three years, and without a father when he was eleven. They had three children, two of whom are living: V. D. and his sister, Florence Gillet. He was reared on a farm in Michigan, and remained there until 1880, when he came to his present location. Mr. Wolcott's farm comprises 115 acres, and is one of the finest places in the vicinity of Battle Creek. It is improved with good buildings, fences, etc.j and is well arranged for the cultivation of grain and the raising of stock. His house is 16 x 24 feet, a story and a half, with an L. 12 x 16 feet; and he has two barns, one 16 x 42 feet, and the other 28 x 30 feet. Mr. Wolcott makes a specialty of fine horses, and in securing the best breeds has spent money freely. He has some of the best draft horses in western Iowa. His French draft, "Captain," a black Percheron of 1,850 pounds, and his French coach, a bay of good style and action, he purchased of the Iowa Central Importing Company, of Ames, Iowa. Mr. Wolcott is a man of family. When he was twenty-one he married Hattie Teel, daughter of Frank and Lavinia (Palmer) Teel, of Michigan, and has two children, Fred W. and Gean. He affiliates with the Republican party. Mrs. Wolcott is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ►>^ SHAW VAN, Prosecuting Attorney of Crawford county, Iowa, is one of the i® prominent citizens of Denison, and as such, it is fitting that some personal mention of him should be made in this work. 420 BIOGRAPHICAL SI8T0BF <>F Mr. Shaw Van was born in Milwaukee, \\ isconsin, December I. 1856, Bon of John and Man (Bell) Shaw Van, and is of French and Scotch extraction. His parents located at thai place as early as IS!}.'), and an uncle of his Unit the tir-t house there, a log struct- ure, known as the " Lantern House. *' The Stockbridge Indians were then about the only inhabitants of that part of the country, and we record the fact that an Indian squaw washed and dressed the subject of our sketch the first time that process was administered to him. His father was a soldier in the Mexican war, the Florida war and the Papin war of Canada, and also in the great civil war, in which he lost his life. In 1861 he enlisted in Company B, First Wisconsin Vol- unteer Infantry, and held the commission of Sergeant. He was killed at the battle of Ohickamauga, September 13, 18<>3. In his lifetime he had been very successful, but had met with reverses, and his death left a widow and seven children dependent upon their own resources. The mother is still living at Mil- waukee. Cue son, John, is deceased. The others are as follows: Heck, a traveling sales- man, makes his home at .la'iesville, Wiscon- sin; Albina, wife of Andrew Metz, of Chi- cago, Illinois; Kerrellio, an attorney of Milwaukee; It., the subject of this sketch; Oscar, of Belvidere, Illinois; Douglas, a trav- eling salesman, Milwaukee. At the age of fourteen Mr. Shaw Van be- gan teaching school in the log Bchoolhouses of Wisconsin, and taught five terms. With the money thus earned he was enabled to procure a higher education. He attended Lawrence University four years, after which he went to the law school at St. Louis, Missouri. At the end of one term his funds gave out and he was compelled to withdraw, and engaged in various pursuits. In December. 1877. he came to Crawford county, Iowa, and January 13, of the following fear, was admitted to the bar by Judge Laufborongh. IF' at once began practice in company with George A. Smith, with whom he was associated two years, ami since that time has been alone, lie is a Democrat in politics and takes an active interest in party matters. He was elected to his present position, that of Pro- editing Attorney, in the fall of 1890, and as such is making a most etlicient otlicer; was re-elected to the same office in 18H2. lie is a member of the Sons of Veterans, has served as .Judge Advocate of the State Eor several years, and at present is Judge Advocate Gen- eral on the staff of the Commander-in-Chief. He is aFo a member of Dowdall Lodge. No. 90, K. of P. In 1880 Mr. Shaw Van married Miss Mat tie Wagoner, who was born in Ida county. Iowa, April 20, 1861, daughter of W*. J. and Sallie (Van OrsdalJ Wagoner. They have two children: John and Mary. Mrs. Shaw Van is a member of the Episcopal Church. s£f* t.\. ItOMANS, who is engaged in the real-estate, loan, abstract and insur- 01 ance business and who is also a Notary Public, is one of the prominent business men of Denis having his office on Broadway. lie has a complete set of abstract 1 ks, and in this branch of his business is successor to Mather & Gravelle. He deals largely in real estate in Crawford and Monona counties, Iowa, buys and sells and has a large list of corn lands; is agent for lands in Nebraska. the DakotaS, Kansas and Texas. In insur- ance be does an extensive business, insuring against tire, tornadoes and lightning. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 427 Mr. Romans was born in Harrison county, Ohio, June 17, 1854, son of Elisha and Elizabeth Romans. When he was two years old the family moved to Iowa, locating at De Witt, Clinton county, where he was reared on a farm. At the age of nineteen he entered the employ of his brother, J. B. Romans, in the agricultural implement and hardware business, and continued in his em- ploy until 1884, when he became a partner. He and his brother conducted business to- gether from that time until January 1, 1891, when, on account of failing health, he sold out his interest to his brother. Prior to forming this partnership, along about 1877, he began speculating in real estate, commenc- ing in a small way and gradually increasing his operations. He is at present a member of the firm of Romans Brothers & Co., at Charter Oak, Iowa, which was established in 1888. Mr. Romans was married in 1879 to Miss Alice II. Fullick, who was born in De Witt, Iowa, April 8, 1859, daughter of George and Elizabeth (Garnett) Fullick. They have six children: John Brown, Herold Alvin, Gar- nett, Robert F., Warren B. and Alice. In politics Mr. Romans is a stanch Re- publican. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and socially, he is connected with the A.'O. U. W. tPk R. WIEMER, of Willow township, {fjj near Charter Oak and Dow City, * grower of and dealer in stock and feed, and shipper of stock and grain, is one of the live and energetic business men of Crawford county, Iowa, well known in every portion of the county. He settled here in 1880 and has remained ever since, conducting a business to the entire satisfaction of those who have trans- actions with him. He was born near Bur- lington, Des Moines county, Iowa, February 28, 1851, son of Henry Wiemer, an early pioneer of that county and of Burlington, who settled there in 1834, and still makes that place his home. The mother of our sub- ject was Mary (Jones) Wiemer, who has given her husband three sons and five daughters. Our subject was reared and educated at Burlington, receiving a good education in the schools there, leaving home at the age of about fifteen to carve out his own fortune. He went to the far West, remaining a number of years, taking in Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, Kansas and Nebraska, engaging in all man- ner of work that would yield him a livelihood, among other things taking up the nursery business, and for a number of years was em- ployed as a traveling salesman for an Eastern house. As stated above, he came to this county in 1880, settling at first on section 14, where he remained four or five years and then settled on his present farm, known as the "Wiemer," containing 480 acres of very val- iiable land. Upon it is a residence, 24 x 26, with an L, 16x16 feet; has a beautiful lawn and fine orchard, and a large number of shade and ornamental trees, shrubs, and flowers; six acres being in grove and orchard; com- modious stables, large cattle sheds, ample cribs and granary. The farm is supplied with feed lots, fine windmill for pumping water, several fields for meadows and pastures, as well as for the growing of grain, all in ex- cellent shape. Besides raising grain and growing stock, he is a dealer in both and ships to Charter Oak, Dow City and Buck Grove. He is a good judge of stock, and a fair and honest dealer. Mr. Wiemer was married in 1880 to Miss I. L. Lambach, a lady of intelligence and 428 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF \n\ good family, bo.n, reared and educated at Davenport, Iowa, daughter of Fred Lain bach, a prominent and well to do citizen of thai place. She ie a most estimable woman. <>r excellent business capacity and in every way a worthy helpmeet for her hnaband. Our Bubjecl and \\ i fi- have three children, namely: Fred, Frank and Henry, all bright and inlelli- genl and a source of happiness to their par- ents. Mr. Winner is a man in the prime of life, who lias gained much information and polish by travel, and is of a frank, jovial dis- position, hospitable and kind, popular with all who know him. fPANKLIN PRENTICE, the pioneer settler of Crawford connty, was born in Upper Canada, duly 20, 182 1, a son of Hiram and Eva (Graham) Prentice, natives of Virginia and ( 'auada. The father remained in Canada until his death, and the mother is now living. They had seven children, live sons and two daughters. Franklin Prentice, our subject, left Canada at tile aire of eighteen years and located near Freeport, Stephenson county, Illinois, where lie worked at farm Labor. Two years later he removed to Fayette county. Wisconsin, and in . I nne, 1845, to Jackson county, Iowa, where he was engaged in business with Cor- nelius Durham, a prominent stockman of that county. In the spring of IS50 Mr. Prentice came with ox teams to Crawford county, in company with his wife and two children, arriving April 4, of the same year, and they were then the only white people in the county, lie erected the tirst log cabin, 13 x 14 feet, which he afterward sold to Jesse Mason. Game of all kinds was then plenti- ful, and, being an expert with rifle and gun, OUr Sub j ed has made many a dollar with gun and dog, sellinii; the game to emigrants hound for California and Ptah. He also raised the first corn and potatoes and vegetables in the county, and chopped out and made the first road- through Marvin's grove; and made the tirst ford across the lloyer river that WBS made in the county; and for three month* at one time he never saw a white face except hi* own family. In 1850 he settled at Mason's drove. and in 1859 started with ox teams for Pike's Peak, being absent from home from June 10 to September. Mr. Prentice was a soldier in the late war. a member of the First Iowa Cavalry, under General A.J.Steele, and par- ticipated in five battles. He was employed by Crawford county as a scout on the lion tier to watch tin* maneuvers of the Indians that were troublesome, f rom 1860 to L863, in which capacity he had many lonely midnight rides, and often took his life into his own hands by penetrating far into the Indian country, in order to keep a close watch on the treacherous Indians. He also had two sons in the army: Chancey P., a member of the Ninth Iowa Cavalry, who now resides in Pierce county. Nebraska; and Jacob, a mem her of the Eighth Iowa Infantry, who received a gunshot wound in the thigh. Our subject took up the claim on which he now lives in L850, has 125 acres of tine rich land, a d 1 dwelling, 22x28 feet, two stories high, and a good grove and orchard. He lias been twice married, tirst ; t the age of twenty yeare, to Julia Herrington, a native of Illinois, ami they had two Bona: Chancey P. and Jacob Lewis. They lost one .-on. W. M., at two years of age. April 27. l^ll, Mr. Prentice married Miss Levina Seagrove, a na- tive of Oxbridge, Worcester county. Massa chusetts, ami a daughter of Darington and Jerusha (Scott) Seagrove. Mrs. Prentice was HAW FORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 429 a successful teacher before marriage, and she came to Iowa in 1857. Our subject is now in his sixty-eighth year of age, but is strong and bealthy, except injuries received in the army. He is frank and jovial in his manner, and is respected by all who know him. DARKEN B. EVANS, M. D., one of , the leading physicians and surgeons of Crawford county, Iowa, has been a resident of Dow City since 1877. He is a native of Saratoga county, New York, having been born there March 13, 1844, son of Elijah and Sylvia (Bourne) Evans, of "Welsh and Scotch extraction, which dates back four gen- erations. His father was born in Vermont and his mother in Connecticut, and both are now deceased, the father dying in 1872 and the mother in February, 1892. Our subject was reared in New York State until he was fifteen years old, when he went to Vermont and spent four or five years, then returned to New York and remained until 1870, when he came West to Iowa. Mr. Evans received his education in the district schools of the period, finishing his course in the Burr and Burton Seminary, at Man- chester, Vermont. He hegan reading medi- cine at the age of twenty-three and attended for the part of a course of lectures at the College of Medicine and Surgery at New York city, but on account of his father's death he was compelled to give up his studies for a time. Although' Mr. Evans, Sr., was a mechanic by trade, our subject was brought up on a farm from the time he was ten years old After coming to Iowa he located in Cedar county for a year, and engaged in teaching school, having had previous experience in that line. At the close of the year he crossed the county lines into Scott county, where he entered the office of Dr. N. B. Cotton, where he read medicine until he finished his studies. In the winter of 1871-'72, and alsol872-'73, he attended the Iowa State University, grad- uating in the spring of 1873. He at once began practice at Big Rock, Scott county, where he spent a year, then went to Clarence and engaged in the drug business and the practice of medicine, remaining there until coming to Crawford county, in 1877, settling in Dow City, where he has since remained, engaged in the drug business and attending to his large practice, which extends over a large territory. The practice is larger than he can attend to, as he is so popular with every class of people. He is one of the lead- ing men of Dow City, and has taken an ac- tive part in all enterprises calculated to in- crease the prosperity of the city. In addition to his professional duties he was elecled Justice of the Peace and has held that office for fourteen years, in all that time never having had a decision reversed. He is a member of the School Board and was the first physician employed by the county. He was appointed Postmaster under President Ar- thur, April, 1883, at Dow City, and has been so faithful in the discharge of his duties that he has been retained ever since. The Doctor was married March 31, 1880, to Miss Mary A. Butler, daughter of Judge and Margaret Butler, and Mr. and Mrs. Evans have a family of four children: Frank B., Sylvia C, Burton W., and Raymond G. The Doctor is a member of A. F. & A. M., also I. O. O. F.,of Dow City; also M. W. A., and of the N. W. Medical Society. Politi- cally, he is a strong Republican, and has been very prominent in the politics of the county, serving as delegate to the Congressional con- 480 ISlOQRAPlllCAL HISTORY OF wntinn, in 1890, and in L892 was a member of the State convention, and Congressional delegate. He and hie wife are meinliers of the Baptist Church, and both are highly esteemed throughout the entire county. fAMES MADISON CAMPBELL, one of the representative farmers of Crawford county, is a resident of section 27, Good- rich township, Iowa, lie is a native of Jeffer- son county, New York, born April 3, 1825, and is the son of James and Phcebe (Faster) Campbell, natives of Scotland and New York State. The father was bom in the Highlands of Scotland and came to America when he was nine years of age, and followed farming for a time, and also gave some attention to mechanical work in the shipyards at the different places where he resided. He went to California during the gold fever in 1850, but died in San Francisco about three years afterward. The mother of our subject died in Jefferson county, February 3, 1866. She was of English parentage and was the mother of nine children: Marilda, deceased; Lucy, resides in Ohio; Plm-be, deceased; Abigail, lives in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin; Wilferd, in Michigan; Judson,in New York; Emily, in Ohio; and Maryette, in Tacoma, Washington. ( )ur subject was reared on the farm in Jef- ferson county, New York, and as the place was covered with wood, and being the old- est boy of the family, he was obliged to do his full share in clearing up the land. He often working when he would have en- joyed studying, but being of a studious dis- position took advantage of every chance offered him and closely observed all that went on about him, and in this way obtained a fund of information that has fitted him for any position in life. lie remained at home until he was twenty-one years of age. when he went to Point Peninsula and engaged in work in the shipyards. Here he remained for two years at general work, going from there to Buffalo, New York, and during the last live years has been employed as •• limper," or u bat is called second contractor. In the fall of 1858 he left there to go to Beaver Dam, Wis- consin, where he located on a farm and re- mained for twenty years. In 1878 he came to Crawford county and rented a farm in Goodrich township for four years, and then boii'dit a tract of forty acres on section 27, and in October, 1892, he added another forty acres to the first forty, which he has im- proved, and here he has since made his home He has erected a handsome residence, 14 x 28, with a wing, 14 x 14, and has commodious barns for grain and stock, and the whole place has an appearance of thrift and pros- perity. He has cultivated his ground, set out orchards and raises great crops of grain. He makes aspecialtyof raising broom-corn, which he manufactures into brooms, turning off between three and four hundred dozen brooms annually, and has made as high as five hun- dred, and also cultivates the other grains that do well on Iowa farms, and in connection with his farming raises stock, hogs being the prin- ciple stock; the Poland-China breed being his choice. Since his first purchase he has added eighty acres to it, on section 22. This was wild land, but he has improved it, erected buildings on it, put up fences, and has built a comfortable residence here, 16 z 24. Mr. Campbell is a self-made man, one who Started at the very bottom, and he laughingly says that the only help he has ever bad was CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 431 the gift of a half-worn fourteen-quart milk- pan donated him by his sister. The marriage of our subject took place February 24, 1848, in Jefferson county, New York, when in his twenty-third year, to Miss Elizabeth Hazelwood, who was a native of England and who came to the State of New York when a child. She died at Buffalo, New York, April 24, 1855, when only thirty years of age, leaving two children. These are James S., who was born May 9, 1850, is a farmer of Osceola county, Iowa, and Ade- laide Elizabeth, born January 17, 1852, and is the wife of George Calips, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Mr. Campbell was again married Novem- ber 2, 1856, and the sister of his former wife was bis choice. Her name was Mary Maria Hazelwood, and six children have blessed this union: Walter Joseph, born November 16, 1857, resides in Nishnabotany township, Crawford county, Iowa; Charles Ambert, born July 10, 1859, lives in Goodrich town- ship; Louisa Adeline, born August 18, 1861, has her home with her father and is a teacher in the Crawford county schools; Martha lone, born December 29, 1870, is also at home, and has taught school in the county; TJgene, born June 2, 1874; Albert Gilbert, born January 21, 1877; Wilber and Bert are still under the parents' wing. Mr. Campbell is a stanch Republican and has been called upon to fill the office of Jus- tice of the Peace, and is also a member of the Republican Central Committee, and has been for several years. In 1890 and 1892 he was a delegate to the State Republican Conven- tion. He has been County Treasurer also. The family belongs to the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and is regarded with respect throughout the township. When our sub- ject came into the county he owned three horses, a wagon, 70C pounds of household goods and $15 in money. Now his taxes alone would make many a man feel rich. fOSEPH P. DANO, a farmer of Sac county, Iowa, was born in Canada, Sep- tember 19, 1838, a son of Joseph and Julia Ann (Haskins) Dano, natives of Ellis- burg, New York. The father was a lumber- man and farmer by occupation, and located in Canada after marriage. He was drowned in the St. Lawrence river, May 7, 1864, and the mother survived him until July, 1887, dying in DeKalb county, Illinois. Joseph P., the third of ten children, four sons and six daughters, was reared in Jeffer- son county, New York, and educated in the schools of Canada. In 1864, at Alexandria bay, New York, he enlisted in the Tenth Heavy Artillery, was mustered into service at Hart's island, New York, assigned to the Army of Potomac, and took part in the battle of Buda Hundred. Mr. Dano was stationed most of the time in Virginia, on garrison duty, was wounded at the battle of Win- chester, and was honorably discharged at Petersburg, Virginia, in 1865. After the close of the struggle he was engaged at farm labor in Jefferson county, New York, until remov- ing to De Kalb county, Illinois, in 1875, where he followed the same occupation. In 1880 he purchased a farm in Sac county, Iowa, and he now owns 100 acres, all under a fine state of cultivation, with two acres devoted to a grove, and one acre to an orchard. He re- mained on this place until 1888, when he came to Lake View. Mr. Dano was married in Jefferson county, New York, in September, 1862, to Miss Mary 4SB BIOGRAPHICAL BltiTORT OF Sheffield, a native of that county, and a daugh- ter of Henry and Margaret (Shaw) Sheffield, natives also of that State. The father, a Farmer by occupation, died in .Jefferson county in 184s. ami the mother is still liviug, the wife of Daniel (inner. Mrs. Dane, had one sister, now deceased. Our subject and wife are members of the Methodist Church. They have three children: AJphonso, married and resides in Viola township, Sac county; Will- iam, married, has two children, and resides in Lake View; ami Maggie, wife of Webster Heath, of Wall Lake township, and they also have two children. Mr. Dano takes an active interest in politics, voting with the Republi- can partv. Socially, he is a member of Will- iam T. Sherman Post, No. 281, and of the 1. O.O. F., Lake View Lodge, No. 302. lie has witnessed many changes in Sac county, and is one of the most prominent citizens. ^r II. AXLEN— The post-office of Earl y has been under the efficient man- i' SjUM ° agement of our subject since July 8, 188 ( .», and lie is now serving his fourth year in that capacity. This is a fourth-class office and was located in its present commodious quarters in 1890. The office was established in 1883, two miles from the present town. ( hir subject came to Sac county the same year that the office over which he was destined to preside was established, in 1S83, and located in Early. At that time the place contained two general stores, the same number of hard ware stores, saloons, blacksmith shops, three elevators, a drug store and the Methodist Episcopal Church. After coming here Mr. Allen engaged with Meveness Bros., proprie- tors of an elevator. Mr. Allen was born in Rutland, England, January 22, 1842, the son of James and Ann (Bryan) Allen, natives of England, who left their native land in 1852. Upon arrival in Ncv York they settled on a farm, and later removed to Corry, Pennsylvania, where the father engaged in the ilouring-inill business. He still resides at Corry, Pennsylvania, although his wife died in New York in 1S.">2. Mr. Allen, Sr., was a Church of England man in his native country. He and his wife reared a family of four sons and one daughter, of whom our subject was the oldest. The next child,. Joseph, enlisted in the Tenth New York Cavalry, and died in the service; John en- listed in a New York Cavalry regiment, and is now probably living in New York; Mar- garet is living m the West; and Thomas, who was born in New York, now resides in Erie county, his native State. Until our subject was twelve his parents lived in England, but at that age they re- moved to New York, where he continued in the common schools of Erie county, New York, the education begun in the schools of England. When still a boy he came to DeKalb county, Illinois, where he finished his edu- cation, alternating attending school with work on the farm. At the outbreaking of the war he responded to the first call for men, and enlisted in April, 1861, in Company F, Thirteenth Illinois Infantry, for three years. He was mustered into service at Dixon, Illi- nois, being assigned to the Southwest army, participating in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou; Arkansas Post, Arkansas; Jackson, Mississippi; siege of Vicksburg; two battles at Jackson, Mississippi; was then taken to Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge and Madison Station. Alabama, where they were attacked l.\ General Forrest. After this our subject CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 433 returned home and was honorably discharged, June, 1864. He then enlisted in Chicago, in February, 1865, entering Company F, One Hundred and Forty- seventh Infantry, for one year, and was engaged in skirmishing, bush- whacking and scouting in Georgia. The regiment was stationed at Dalton, Resaca, New Albany, Calhoun and also at Savannah. At the latter place our subject was discharged and mustered out, February, 1866, at Spring- field, Illinois. During his first term of serv- ice he was private, but at the close he had been promoted to be a Corporal. For two years following his return from the army our subject engaged in farming in De Kalb county, Illinois, then removed to Sycamore to accept a position in the Marsh Harvester Works, remaining with this com- pany until the time of his coming to Sac county, Iowa. He was married at Sycamore, Illinois, in November, 1868, to Mrs. E. L. Welling, a native of De Kalb county, daugh- ter of Henry and Emily (Harrison) Town- send, natives of England, and early pioneers of DeKalb county. The mother is still liv- ing, but the father died in De Kalb county, in in 1881. Mrs. Allen was the widow of E. J. Welling and had one child, E. Welling, now a jeweler of Early. Mr. and Mrs. Allen have three children: Claude, married, residing in Early; Mabel; and Minnie, wife of E. H. Ekerly, of Early. Mr. Allen is a Republican and takes great interest in the advancement of that party. At present he is the President of the Village School Board. He has been very prominent in G. A. R., McDowell Post, No. 391, being elected Commander of the post in 1892, for 1893. At the time of the election he was Adjutant of the post. Also he has been prominently connected with St. Elmo Lodge, No. 462, A. F. & A. M., and is the present W. M., serving his third year. Both Mr. and Mrs. Allen are members of the Eastern Star, she being its present Treasurer. She is also an effident member of the Woman's Relief Corps, being the President of the same in this locality. During his nine years' residence in this county, our subject has seen many changes, and has taken part in all the important measures for the develop- ment of the resources of the country. <. > fAMES H. FAIR, a prosperous and highly respected farmer and stock-raiser of Silver Creek township, Ida county, Iowa, post office, Ida Grove, was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, in 1853. He was the oldest of four children of Thomas and Mary Fair, also na- tives of Ireland, but who trace their ancestry back to Scotland. His father and mother died in Ireland a number of years ago. The subject of this sketch received his early education and training in the common schools of Ireland and spent his youth on a farm. He came to America in 1873, when twenty years old, and settled in Delaware county, Iowa. April 12, 1877, he was mar- ried to Miss Lindsay, also a native of Ireland, and a daughter of James and Sarah Lindsay, likewise natives of the Emerald Isle, where they still reside. In 1878 Mr. Fair and his family removed to Ida Grove, Ida county, settling on section 18, in Silver Creek town- ee ship, where they remained three years. They then removed to section 32, where they set- tled on a farm of 160 acres of raw land, which Mr. Fair fenced and cultivated. Wild game was then abundant, few houses dotting the hillsides, and but slight obstruction exist- ing to a straight course across the prairies to IdaGrove. By industry and frugality Mr. Fair has added to his first purchase of land until 484 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF he qow owns 293 acres, all well cultivated ami improved, with a good Farm residence, convenient barn, an excellent granary and outbuildings. The farm has a good spring for watering purposes, an orchard, ornamental trees, etc., the whole place wearing an air of honest thrift and contentment. Mr. and Mrs. Fair have nine children: Thomas Edward, Sarah Annie, Lillie -lane Marguerette Maud, James Graham, William Andrew, Mary Kliza, Theressa Martha, and an infant. Politically, Mr. Fair is a Republican and an active worker for that cause. He has held the office of School Director of his township, and at the present time is Justice of the Peace. He is also Secretary of the county organization of the F. A. & I. IT., and also of the local lodge. lie and his worthy wife are useful mem- bers of the Silver Creek Methodist Episcopal Church. Such universal indorsement by his constit- uent > is sufficient guarantee of Mr. Fair's ability and upright character, to which he adds the charm of a genial personality, so marked a feature of his nationality . <:. *©* > IMNT< )X PAINE, one of the prominent and well-known citizens of Vail, Craw- ford county, was born in Coos county, New Hampshire, April 30, 1841, a son of Henry Paine, who was born at Standish, .Maine. The latter was a son of Stephen Paine, a native of Xew England. Their an- cestry dates back to three brothers, who came over in the Mayflower. ( Mir subject's mother, nee Eliza Parker, was born at Standish, Maine, a daughter of Eliphalet Parker, a native of New England. Henry Paine was > ngagi d in the lumber trade many years, was a suc- cessful business man, a Republican in his political views, religiously, a I5apti>t, and he remained in Coos county, New Hampshire, until his death. His widow now resides at Berlin Falls, that State, aged eighty-three years. Several of their sons are wealthy, and hoid prominent positions in that State. One is State Senator, and another a banker. Clinton Paine, the seventh of eleven chil- dren, si\ sons and five daughters, was educated in his native town, and at the age of twentj four years removed to Elk county, Pennsylva- nia, where he was engaged in the Lumber trade. In 1875 he purchased 920 acres of land in this county, of which he still owns 7^i> acres, located on sections 22 and 16. The Paine farm is one of the best in the county, ha- a good residence, barns, etc., and his meadow would rival the blue-grass pastures of Ken- tucky. Mr. Paine resided on this place un- til 1889, and in that year rented his farm and came to Vail, purchasing the Banister property. This is among the best and most valuable residence property in the city. ( >ur subject was married in Elk county, Pennsylvania, at twenty-nine years of age. to M iss Sophia Jenny Cable, a graduate of Day- ton Academy, and a successful and popular teacher before marriage. She is a daughter of William and Permelia Jane ( Weei 1) Cable. The lather was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and now resides in Armstrong county, Pennsylvania, where the mother died. She left five children, three sons and two daughters, of whom Mrs. Paine was the youngest child. Our Bubject and wife have also three sons and two daughters: Fred, a graduate of the State University of Iowa City, and now a druggist of Sioux City. Iowa: Cxlennie P., Masie Maud. Claude and Blaine. They lost two children: Cad ('.. the third CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 435 child, died in Pennsylvania at the age of six weeks; and Harald, the fourth child, died in this county, aged two years. Politically, Mr. Paine affiliates with the Republican party; was made a Mason in Elk county, Pennsylvania, at the age of twenty-four years; and is now among the prominent and suc- cessful men of Crawford county. US ON. A. B. SMITH, one of the most prominent men of Sac county, Iowa, has been a resident of Clinton township, this county, since 1878. We make the fol- lowing record of his life and ancestry, and it is with pleasure that we present it on the pages of this volume: Hon. A. B. Smith was born in Morgan county, Ohio, June 27, 1841, the third in a family of six children. His father, William Smith, was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, son of John Smith, a native of Pennsylvania, and a descendant of German ancestry. The mother of our subject, who died when he was eight years old, was before her marriage Miss Sarah Beale. She was born in Ohio, daughter of Asa Beale, her mother's maiden name having been Clacy. Mr. Smith's father is now a resident of Clinton county, Iowa. He is by occupation a farmer, in politics a Republican, and in religion a Methodist. A. B. Smith was reared in Morgan county, Ohio, and was educated in the common schools of his native place. When the civil war came on, he enlisted his services, becom- ing a member of Company C, Ninety-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was on active duty two years and ten months. He partici- pated in the battles of Stone River and Mis- sionary Ridge. At the latter place he was wounded with a minie ball over the left eye, was confined in hospital thirty days, and at the end of that time received a furlough and returned home. Later he entered the Conva- lescent camp at Chattanooga, joined his regi- ment in Tennessee, and took part in the bat- tles of lvennesaw Mountain, Rocky Face, New Hope, Resaca, Jonesboro, Chattanooga, Franklin and Nashville. He was honorably discharged at Nashville, Tennessee, July 10, 1865. After the war Mr. Smith came to Iowa, and in 1868 located near DeWitt, where he lived until 1878. At that time he came to Sac county, and settled in Clinton township, buying 320 acres of land, which he has im- proved, and on which he has since lived. He has one of the finest farms in Sac county. In 1&86 he built a commodious two-story residence, with bay window and modern con- veniences. He has a fine grove and orchard of four acres, his barn and other farm build- ings are all first-class, and the general appear- ance of the farm indicates thrift and pros- perity. This place is utilized chiefly as a stock-farm. Mr. Smith was married January 4, 1866, to Miss Nancy E. Mummey, who was born in Morgan county, Ohio, daughter of Joshua and Catharine (Hammon) Muminey, natives of Maryland. Joshua Mummey was a soldier of the war of 1812, and served in Captain Elston's Company in the Army of the Mau- mee under General Win. H. Harrison, grand- father of President Harrison. Mrs. Smith is one of nine children, four sons and five daughters. One of her brothers, Benjamin, served in the late war as a member of the Eleventh Iowa Infantry. He now resides at Odebolt, Iowa. Her father died in Morgan county, Ohio, in 1853, and her mother now resides with her, aged ninety-eight years. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have three children, 4«C BIOORAPnWAL HISTORY <>F namely: Charles, who ia married and lias one child, Annie M. ; Mary, wife of Rev.Syd n.\ Chandler, a Methodist minister, of Ep- worth, Dubnque county, Iowa, is now attend- ing college in that city; and Harlan A., at- tending college at Epworth. .Mr. Smith's political affiliations are with the Republican party. In the fall of L889 he was elected to the State Legislature, and Berved as a member of the same with credit and honor, both to himself and to his con- stituents. He is a charter member of Col- onel Goodrich Post, Xo. 117, G. A. R., and his wife is a member of the Women's Relief Corps. Both are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is a Trustee and Steward, and they have the esteem and respect of all who know them. [R. C. W. CARR.— The Dow City Sani- tarium and Tracy Institute was estab- lished and incorporated March, 1872, with the following officers: C. W. Carr, M. D.; W. V. Whaley, president; II. Rudd, secretary; II. S. Green, treasurer. Board of Managers: C. W. Carr, F. S. Stone, J. N. Wise, W. V. Whaley, E. II. Swasey. This ir- exclusively a whisky cure and surgical institute. They have had a very successful career so far. Its growth is very rapid and it will soon rank as one of the leading insti- tutions of the State. The place is thoroughly equipped with every modern improvement. Dr. C. W. Carr, one of the leading physi- cians of Crawford county, Iowa, has been a resident of Dow City since the spring of Will. He was horn in Decatur, Illinois, September 5, 1865. He was the son of Dr. Robert F. and Emily A. (Smick) Carr, na- tives of New York and Kentucky, respect- ively, descendants of Scotch and German an- cestry. The father of our Bubject lias been a practitioner of medicine for thirty years, and he and his wife reside at Argenta, Illi- nois. They have had seven children: Edgar D., student of Berlin University, taking a post-graduate course; Charles W., our Bub- ject; May, wife of G. W. Spear, of Anrora, Illinois, of the firm of Warren, Spear & Son, machinists; Robert F., Jr., a student of the Champaign University and assistant in chemical laboratory; Geome ami Irene, both at home. Our subject was reared and educated in Illinois, where he received a highs chool edu- cation. He then entered the Champaign University, Illinois, at nineteen and stayed three years, taking natural science and chem- istry, after which he read medicine with his brother and father, and entered Rush Medi- cal College, graduating in the class of 1889, finally taking advantage of the various oppor- tunities offered him lie perfected himself in special branches. He came to this city Juno 1, 18'JO, and lias since built up a fine practice, in both medicine and -urgery. He is a hard student, and is destined to Btand high in his profession. He makes a specialty of the ear and eye, and also of surgery. He is the at- tending physician of the Dow City Institute. The Doctor is a Democrat in politics, and a memher of the 1. Q. (). E., and M. W. of A. II. SWASEY, the prominent attorney- at-law, of Dow City, Iowa, has been a. ■° resident of Crawford county. Iowa, since 1885. He is a native of Chicago. He was reared and educated at the Belvidere High School and graduated from Champaign, ^^-^^^ q3 CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 437 Illinois. He attended the Chicago Law School, from which he graduated in 1884, and then practiced in that city for one year, when he came to Dow City, Iowa. He is a fine lawyer and reflects credit on his precep- ter, Samuel B. Perry, of Chicago. Mr. Swasey devoted himself to his education prior to entering the practice of law, and conse- quently is a finely educated man. He is the only attorney in Dow City, and his practice is so great that he is obliged to confine him- self to it and insurance, as he represents a company in that line. Politically, he is a stanch Democrat and sustains the principles of his part}' eloquently. He is a member of the K. of P. Dowdall Lodge, No. 94; M. W. A., Vice V. C.of No. 1183, Mineral Springs Camp, Dow City. Mr. Swasey's parents, Samuel and Edith A. (Holmes) Swasey, both died in 1887, in Belvidere, Illinois. The Swasey family is among the early New England families, al- though they were of Scotch- Irish descent, but long residence in this country has scat- tered the family pretty well. Moses Swasey, the great-grandfather of our subject, was twice married, first, to Eunice Mouchard; this resulted in three children: Eunice, Samuel and Elizabeth. This mar- riage occurred September 25, 1755. This wife died in October, 1760. In 1761 Moses remarried, which union produced the follow- ing children: Saxe, Miclwge, Appleton, Moses, Sarah, Stephen, Obediah, Honah and and Mehitable. Obediah, the grandfather of E. H., our subject, married Nancy Merrell. . A family pf thirteen children resulted from this union, six boys and seven girls: Mary Ann. Hannah, Mehitable, Nancy, Jane, Sarah, Louise, Ben- jamin, Samuel, John, Nathaniel, Franklin, first, and Franklin second. Samuel, the father of our subject, died in 1887. He married Edith A. Holmes. They were blessed with six children: Franklin, de- ceased; Charles J., a resident of Fort Worth, Texas; Katie, deceased; Samuel, deceased; Edith, wife of A. H. Keeler, of Belvidere, Illinois; Edward H , our subject. The fam- ily is one of the oldest of Salem, Massachu- setts, locating there aboftt the year 1668. Mr. Swasey is one of the leading young men of Daw City, with a grand future before him. If Dow City fulfills all that her pres- ent prospects promise, the man to whom a great deal of the credit of her prosperity will be due, is E. II. Swasey. LEMENT H. De WOLF, senior member of the firm of De Wolf & Flock, general merchants at Denison, Iowa, is one of the most enterprising and highly respected citizens of Crawford county. This firm suc- ceeds T. J. Kelly & Co. and occupies No. 2, Lamb's Block, on Broad street. Both mem- bers of the firm are men of business ability and experience. They carry a $9,000 stock of choice goods, and have an extensive trade in boots and shoes, dry goods and groceries. Mr. De Wolf has been a resident of Crawford county since the fall of 1866, and of the State since the spring of 1865. As he has been prominently identified with the business interests here, he is entitled to more than a passing notice on the pages of this work. A resume of his life is as follows: Clement H. De Wolf was born in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, July 11, 1830, son of Giles Meigs and Anna (Spaulding) De Wolf, natives of Connecticut and Vermont respect- ively. His father, born in 1782, died in Car- roll county, Illinois, December 21, 1865. His BTOORAPEJOAl lllsTOKY OF mother, born April 22, L786, died in Craw- ford county, Lowa, in 1*71. This worth] couple settled in the northern part of Pennsyl vania, where they developed a farm and made their home until 1853, Locating thai year in Carroll county, [llinois. Thirteen children were born to them, nine of whom grew to maturity, and of these five are still living, their ages averaging seventy-two years. Fol- lowing are the names of the nine: Eliza, wife of Ingham Stone, of Pocahontas county, [owa; Calvin, one of the ablest attorneys ami oldest justices of the peace in the city of Chi- cago; Fanny, deceased wife of David Brink, also deceased; James, deceased, was one of the pioneers of Crawford county; Charles, who died in Illinois in 1851; Luther, a resi- dent of Cage comity, Nebraska; Betsey, wife of John Barnes, of Pocahontas county, Iowa; 1.1 en, deceased wife of Dr. George W. Northnp, now of New York State; and Clement II. The subject of our sketch remained on the home farm until he was nineteen years of age. .\t that time he went to Chicago and -aged as copyist in his brother's office, re- maining thus employed one year. lie then clerked in Wisconsin and Illinois two years, after which he entered the employ of the Illi- nois Central Railroad Company, beginning ae brakeman and working his way up until he was appointed agent at Champaign, Illinois, with a salary of $1,000 per year. He re- mained in the railroad employ five year-. After that we find him engaged in farming in Carroll county, Illinois. In 1865 I ecame to Iowa, and lor more than a year was at Clinton in the employ of \V. J. Young. ( Joining to I >enison in the fall of 1 866, M r. DeWolf turned his attention to the lumber business, at first representinga firm, and soon afterward buying the business and conduct- ing it on his own account. For seventeen Years he successfully dealt in lumber at this place. At the expiration of that period be >old out to Scrior & Co., leasing the grounds. This was in 18S4-. During the time he was engaged in the lumber business he built a number of houses for other parties, both in Denison and surrounding country. He was the main factor in establishing the Crawford County State Bank. lie has dealt extensively in real estate in this county, ami has also held large lauded interests in Nebraska. He has, however, disposed of must of his prop- erty, at thi- time owning < . 1 1 1 \ forty acres in Crawford county and 17(» acres in Nebraska. Several years after disposing of his lumber interests, Mr. De Wolf formed the partner- ship referred to at the beginning of this sketch. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. He has served the public a- County Supervisor. Be is a member of the A. F. & A. M.. No. 507, Royal Arch Chapter. Mr. De Wolf is a man of family. He was married in 1854 to Miss Frances C. lieecher, a native of Connecticut, and a daughter of Lewis and Caroline (Steele) Beecher, natives of the same State. Mr. Beecher was one of the early tettlers of Illinois, lie is now liv- ing at Deni.-on with his daughter, Mrs. De Wolf, having reached tin' advanced age hty-four years. Mr. ami Mr-. DeWolf have seven children, viz.: Lew \\\. a conduc- tor of the Santa be Railroad, residing at Wellington, Kansas; Emma F., at 1 e; Adelaide S., wife of C. K. Dukes. I'rincipal of the BchooUat We-: Union, Fayette county, Iowa; George S . president and halt-owner of lie Exchange Bank at Iowa Lark. Texas; Willis 1L. Alon/.o M. and Lucy <'.. at home. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 439 The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. De Wolf, however, was reared a Congregationalism Such is an epitome of the life of one of Crawford county's self-made and most suc- cessful men. M. PAINE, a contractor and builder of Lake View, Sac county, Iowa, was [ 9 born in Houston county, Minnesota, in 1859, a son of James M. and Ruth E. (Shumway) Paine, natives of Rhode Island. The parents were married in their native State, but in an early day removed to Hous- ton county, Minnesota, where the father fol- lowed fanning. In 1865 he located in Grundy county, Iowa, next in Nobles county, Minne- sota, where he still resides. The mother died in Houston county, that State, in 1863. R. M., the third in a family of thirteen children, removed with his parents to Grundy county, Iowa, in 1865, and in 1877 came to Tama county. In 1880 he purchased 160 acres of raw land in Wall Lake township, Sac county, paying $7.15 per acre. He has since improved this place, erected a one a half story residence, 16 x 24 feet, and remained there one year. In 1882 he began learning the carpenters' trade in Lake View, since which time has followed contracting and building in this city and Sac county. In ad- dition to this, Mr. Paine was engaged in teaching in Wall Lake township in 1884, and in 1890 he purchased an improved place in Lake View. He takes an active interest in poli- tics, voting with the Republican party, and in 1891 was elected Mayor of Lake View, served as Town Assessor, as a member of the Town Council, and has been Township Clerk for the past five years. Mr. Paine was married in Sac City, Iowa, in December, 1888, to Miss Sofie Hougaard, a native of Denmark, and a daugh- ter of Nis Hansen and Anne Sofie (Nelson) Hougaard, natives also of that country. The mother died there in 1890, and the father still resides in Denmark, near the German line. Their son, Nis, came to Sac county, Iowa, in 1881, and now resides in Clinton township. Our subject and wife have two children : Amy Ruth and Catherine Sofie. Mr. Paine is one of the oldest living settlers in Lake View, and has witnessed almost the complete develop- ment of Sac county. He holds the office of Church Clerk in the Congregational Church, of which denomination his wife is also a member. H. McWILLIAMS, druggist, Charter Oak, Iowa, is a son of Dr. David Mc- ° Williams, one of the oldest and best- known citizen of Crawford county, Iowa. He was born in St. Charles, Kane county, Illinois, February 7, 1855, but his earliest recollections are of playing with the Indian children in this county. Here he was reared on a farm and received his education in the primitive public schools. He remianed on the home farm until he was twenty-seven, at which time he engaged in the coal business in Denison. A year later he was employed as clerk in a dry goods and grocery store there, and continued thus occupied several years. In August, 1888, he came to Charter Oak and engaged in the drug business with his brother, Dr. J. J. McWilliams, with whom he has since been associated. The Doctor had opened this store two years previous to that time. They carry a well assorted stock of goods, including drugs, medicines jewelry 440 HIOCU.M'IIICAL U1STOKY OF toys, holiday goods, wallpaper, window cur- tains, etc. and do an extensive business-, their sale.- often amounting to 8100 per day. Mr. McWilliams is one of the most enter- prising men of Charter Oak. He has real- estate interests here and also in Denison. Politically, he affiliates with the Republican party; socially, with the K. of P., Dowdall Li nine, Xo. 190. He and his wife are mem- bera of the Presbyterian Church at Denison. March 8,1881. Mr. McWilliams was united in marriage to Mi 88 Mary Limey of Denison, who was born March 20, 1859. They have three children: Jessie M., Annie L., and an infant daughter. fOSEPH BROGDEN, one of the pioneers of Crawford county, Iowa, is a native of England, born June 7, 1*24. His par- ents, James and Mary Brogden, both English people, emigrated to America the year after Joseph's birth, being accompanied by James Smith and family, and settling in Lowell, Massachusetts. Mr. Brogden and Mr. Smith printed the first calico that was ever made in America, for a man by the name of Boot. This work was done by hand. Mr. Brogden was an export in the business, having been engaged in it at his old home in England. He continued work at his trade some nine years after coining to America. Then he spent one winter in Rochester, New York, after which he came West to Ohio, locating near Cleveland, and in two years purchased a farm near the center of Warrensville. There he foil., wed fanning the rest of his days, and died in 1850 on the old farm, where his wife had pa.-.-ed away March 16, 1842. They had four children, namely: James and Samuel, deceased; Joseph the subject of this sketch; and Mary, wife of Christopher Ayree, of Ohio. .Joseph I'rogdeu was nine years old when his parents moved to Ohio. When he was seventeen he went to Cleveland, where he learned the blacksmith trade of Wheeler Bartrum, and after completing his trade worked at it for six years in that city. While there he was married to Miss Ilellen John- ston, a native of Vermont. From Cleveland Mr. Brogden moved to Aurora, Illinois, and after spending one winter at that place took up his abode at Waukegan, same State, where he formed a partnership with his brother James, a wagon-maker. They did a success- ful business at this place for two years. The subject nf our sketch then concluded to go to California, and got as far as Aurora, when his wife was taken sick; so he gave up the trip and settled down to work at his trade, and re- mained at that, place five years. His next move was to his farm at Belvidero, Illinois, where he spent one year. In the spring of 1855 he brought his family across the country by wagon to Crawford county. Iowa, and lo- cated at MasouV Grove. Here he purchased 140 acres of land and began to make a home, farming and doing what blacksmithing was demanded. He shod the first horse ever shod in the county, and also sharpened the first plow here. After living at this place two years, he purchased land in various other lo- calities and located on a tract on section 2, Denison township. Here he erected a small house, 12x16 feet, with the expectation of making it his permanent home. However, in the fall of 1857 he became dissatisfied, and, taking his little family, he went back to Illinois, leaving some 260 acres of land he had purchased and began to improve. When he left Council Hind's be had a draft of 11,100 in his pocket, and when he landed in Illi- nois he was pennile.88, owing to the unstable CRAWFORD IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 441 condition of monetary affairs. So he set to work for his old employer, Mr. A. Wood- worth, and in a year saved enough money with which to return to Iowa. Coining back in 1858, he decided that Crawford county was one of the finest counties in the world, and, selecting Denison, for his home, set up the first blacksmith shop in the town. He spent some two or three years in Denison, carrying on farming in connection with his blacksmith business, after which he moved out to his farm, located on section 2, Denison town- ship, and from that time to the present has been engaged in farming. He has owned and improved a large number of farms in this county. Much of his land, however, he has sold. He has also given good farms to his children, and has the satisfaction of seeing them comfortably settled near him. He still retains the old home, Consisting of 280 acres, and has forty acres in Goodrich township and twenty acres adjoining the corporation of Denison on the southeast. His home farm contains a fine frame residence, 18 x 26 feet, with a wing, 14 x 16 feet? also another resi- dence. Its barns, granaries, cattle sheds and other buildings are all in good order and in- dicate thrift and prosperity. Mr. Brogden lost his first wife October 1, 1869, and his second wife, nee Letitia Morris, died July 31, 1888. The children by his first wife are as follows: Newton H.; Martha, deceased; Frances H.; Cora, wife of Clarence Case, of Mason's Grove; Charles; Mary, de. ceased, wife of William Trigg, of Illinois; Edgar. His second wife bore him two chil- dren, Flora and Martha, -the latter being de- ceased. Mr. Brogden wedded his present companion, Mrs. Maggie (Dean) Hollenbeck, a native of Ohio, September 14, 1890. The first of the year 1891, they moved from the farm into Denison, where he has a pleasant home and is living a retired live. Politically, Mr. Brogden is a Democrat. Financially, he has been very successful, and his accumulations are all the result of his own industry and good management. He is an attendant of the Methodist, Episcopal Church. — -£~*wf«~H- — Jlglll ILLI AM ELLW ANGER, a farmer \/\i of Wall Lake township, Sac county, liMpN was born in Lycoming county, Penn- sylvania, in 1841, a son of Charles F. and Margaret (Schultz) Ellwanger, natives of Wittenberg, Germany; the father born in 1800 and the mother in 1805. The parents were married in their native country, and came to America in 1825, landing in Tioga county, New York, with but 50 cents and three children. The father found employ- ment at Syracuse, that State, but afterward bought and improved a farm of 300 acres in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, next, sold that land and purchased a farm in Marshall county, Iowa, where he died in 1884, in his eighty-fourth year. The mother departed this life in 1890 at the age of eighty-five years. The former was a Democrat in his political views, and both were members of the Evangelical Church. They were the parents of thirteen children, eleven of whom grew to years of maturity. William Ellwanger, our subject, was reared and educated in his native county, and his youth was spent in the timber lands and in aiding in opening the farm in Pennsylvania. In 1868 he removed to Marshall county, Iowa, but in 1879 purchased 160 acres of partly improved land in Sac county, all of which is now under a fine state of cultivation, with a good one and a half story residence, •u: lilofillAPJ/lUAL H18T0RY OF 20x28 feet, a barn, k0x56 Eeet, and all other necessary farm improvements. Three acres of the place is devoted to an orchard and Bhrubbery, and a part of hie fine farm is in the limits of Lake View. Mr. Ellwauger was married in Marshall county, Iowa, in 1S77, to Miss Minnie Kruse, a native of Pommern, Germany, who was born in L854, and came to this country in IsTt;. She w:i> a daughter of John and Sofia (Lodwig) Kruse, also natives of that country, who are both now deceased. To this union has been horn four children: Charles, Willie, Fred and Mabel. Mr. Ellwanger affiliates with the Democratic party, and he and wife attend the Lutheran Church. He has wit nessed the full developmenl of Sac county, his home having been a pupping place for travelers in an early 'lay. and he has always taken au active interest in everything for the good of his county. II L LI AM X. I> A Y, agent for the Chicago, Milwaukee iV St. Paul rail- loud, at Charter Oak. Iowa, is a na- tive of Granl county, Wisconsin, born dan uary L8, L865, son of William and Mary (Miles) Day, descendants of English and Scotch anceBtry. William Day. his father, is a machinist by trade, and is now a resident of Stuart. Iowa. He is a veteran of the civil war. lie enlisted July 23, 1861, as Sergeant of Company ('. Sixth Wisconsin, and re-enlisted March 27, L864, lieiiiL r made Captain of the same coin- pany, Iron Brigade, First Division, Firsl Corps, Army of the Potomac. He partici- pated in numerous battles and skimishes, be- ing in all the important battles of the East. lie was wounded at Pittsburg Landing, April 2it, 1st;:!; at Gettysburg Julj L, 1863, re- ceiving three wounds that day; anil at Peter- bnrg June 18, L864. March 6, L865, he was taken prisoner, and was confined in Libby prison until the war closed, lie is now a member of Maxwell Post. No. 11,(1. A. U. After the war he returned to Wisconsin and remained there until 18(>'.). That year he went to Saunders county, Nebraska, and for ten years lived on the frontier, engaged in agricultural pursuits. From there he moved to Iowa and located at Stuart, where he now lives. IPs wife died in 1882, aged Eortj one years. They had four sons and one daughter, viz.: William X., the subject of this sketch; Chauncey, of Yankton, South Dakota, is a cashier for the Chicago, Milwaukee v v St. Paul Railroad at that point ^ Alfred, of New York city is superintendent in the New Eng- land States for the Abbott Machine Company, of Chicago; George, a student at Des Moines, Iowa; and Mattie, a resident of Johnstown, Missouri. After the death of his mother, which oc- curred when he was fifteen years old, William N. began life on his own responsibility. When he was twelve he commenced to learn telegraphy, and at the early age of thirteen held a position at Cory, Iowa, being in the employ of the Chicago, Rock [sland & Pa cific Railroad, remaining with that company until 1883. He then accepted a position with the Chicago, Milwaukee oc St. Paul Railroad at Peoria, Iowa, after which he was stationed for a short time at each of the fol- lowing points: Council Bluffs, Portsmouth, Jamaica, Dedham, Coon Rapids, Aspinwall and Manning. In 1SS5 he severed his con nection with that company and accepted a po- sition with the Union Pacific Railroad, as train dispatcher, at Eagle Rock, Idaho, being transferred from there to Spring Hill, Mod CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNT! S3. 443 tana. In 1886 he resigned, returned to Iowa, and at Manning, September 1, was married. He was then employed as bill-clerk, at Car- roll, by theChicagotfe North western Railroad. In the spring of 1887 he weiit to Sioux City, in the employ of the Western Union Tele- graph Company, but remained as operator there only a short time. In September he ac- cepted a position as agent for the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad at Kenwood, and was transferred from there to Ute in February, 1889. January 1, 1891, he re- signed to accept a position as train-master and train-dispatcher of the Pacific Short Line, Sioux City, and continued as snch until the road was sold, October 23, 1891. He then accepted his present position at Charter Oak. He lias full control of the company's business at this point, and also has charge of the Adams Company's express matter and of the business of the Western Union Telegraph Company. He is a thorough master of his business, is courteous and accommodating to all, and is a man who is calculated to make friends wherever his lot may be cast. Politically, Mr. Day is a Republican. So- cially, he is a member of the K. of P., Silver Lodge, No. 224, Ute, Iowa. He was married in 1886 to Miss Effie Bell, daughter of Harvey and Asenith (Benton) Bell, residents of eastern Missouri. Mrs. Day is a native of Brownsville, Missouri, born March 27, 1869. They have two children: Bonnie and Mable. IjICHAEL COOPER, a farmer and well-known citizen of Douglas town- "^SSz?? ship, Ida county, was horn in Cambria county, Pennsylvania, July 20, 1826, a son of Leonard and Julia A. (Elder) Cooper, na- tives of Maryland. They came to Pennsyl- vania when children with their parents, and were married in that State, where their chil- dren were born. In 1839 they located in Long Grove, Scott county, Iowa, where the father died at the age of sixty-three years, and the mother at the advanced age of sev- enty-two years. They reared a family of fifteen children, of whom Thomas served in the civil war, in the Twentieth Iowa Infantry ; James enlisted and served in a California regiment; another son, Austin A., is a manu- facturer of the Cooper Wagon at Dubuque, Iowa. The father was a farmer through life, voted with the Democratic party, and was a member of the Roman Catholic Church. Michael Cooper, onr subject, was reared and educated in his native State until thir- teen years of age, when he removed to Scott county, Iowa. The country was then new and wild, and he was identified with the growth of Scott county for forty-five years. In March, 1883, he purchased 480 acres of wild land in Douglas township, Ida county, which he has put under a tine state of culti- vation, erected a frame dwelling, 24 x 16 feet, with an L, 14 x If) feet, a barn, 16 x 24 feet, with a wing, 16x 10 feet, and has a beautiful grove and orchard. In November, 1854, Mr. Cooper was united in marriage with Margaret Ennis, a native of county Longford, Ireland, and a daughter of James and Elizabeth (Crawford) Ennis, na- tives also of that country. Mrs. Cooper was six years of age when the family came to Canada West. When he was eighteen years of age his parents removed to Scott county, Iowa, where they died, the mother at the age of seventy-one years, and the father at eighty years of age. They reared a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters. The father was a Democrat in his political views, ■Ill BIOOHM'llli AL ElbTORY OF followed farming through life, and was a member of the Catholic Church. Our bud- jeci and wife have had six children, namely: Charles A., who owns a good farm of 160 acres in Douglas township, and is engaged in business at Charter Oak; Leonard, attending St. Joseph Col lege, at Dubuque; Thomas, at home: Francis, al home; Lillie, wife of James Longerman, of Georgd, Lyon county, Iowa; and Minnie, at home. Politically, our subject affiliates with the Democratic party, and re- ligionsly, the family are members of the lio- man Catholic Church. Mr. Cooper is frank and jovial in his manner, and is one of the leading and progressive men of Ida county. •^v^- ^^ yv^f^- (NOCll JONES, a well-known citizen of ISattle Creek, Iowa, has been a resi- dent of Ida county since 1883, and of [owa, since 1852. Following is a brief sketch of his life: Enoch Jones was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, March 6. 1825. John Jones, bis grandfather, married a native of Wales. He was a prominent hotel man of Oulpeper, Virginia. Moving to Bourbon county. Ken- tucky, he settled on Boone creek, and was a participant in many of the Indian wars. Iiis son, James Jones, father of Enoch, was born in Virginia and married Dicie Gregory, a native of that State. After their marriage they went to Kentucky, and there cpent the rest of their lives. They lived on a planta- tion, and reared a family of eight children. The father was a member of the Christian Church and a prominent official in the same. Politically, he was a Democrat. The subject of our sketch was reared and educated in Kentucky, and there learned the trade of blacksmith which he followed some years. In ls52 he made the journey to Du- buque, Iowa, via the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and settled at Scott's Grove, in Jones county, Iowa, where he wa> engaged in farm- ing and operating a thresher. He opened up and improved a farm of 320 acres there. In 1874 he first bought land in Ida county, and about this time he also dealt in land in Wood- bury county, lie came to Uattle Creek in 1883 to look after his real-estate interest.-, was pleased with the situation, and located at Battle Creek. He was also for eleven years engaged in the general merchandise business at Monticello, Iowa. This was be- tween 1803 and 1873. Mr. Joues is now making a specialty of horses, buying and selling both draft and roadsters. He has some very tine horses, Among which are Union Jack, a large chestnut sorrel, and Ran- dolph, a dark brown hackney. Both wen; imported from England, the former in 1887, and the latter in 1889. At the age of twenty-two Mr. Jones was married in Fleming county, Kentucky, to Miss E. Lightfoot, who was born near Cory- don Indiana, daughter of James and Mildred (Delaney) Lightfoot. She went to Fleming county when a child, and was there reared. Her father died in Indiana and her mother in Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Jones have had the fol- lowing named children: Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Crane, of Maple township, Ida county, Iowa; Armilda married Mr. Adud- dell, and died leaving four boys; Ann Fliza, married Mr. George, of Uattle Creek, and died, leaving four sons, William. Fddie. New- ton and Arthur; Laura Bell, the youngest, died aged fourteen, her death occurring first of all. Mr. Jones is in politics, a Democrat, in re- ligion, an Adventist, and socially, a member of CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 445 the Masonic fraternity. He was a charter member of the Masonic lodge, organized at Cascade, Iowa, in 1854. He is a man of marked business ability, has been financially successful in hie various undertakings, and is ranked with the substantial men of Battle Creek. He owns three good residences here. (HARLES WENZEL, a member of the Board of County Supervisors of Craw- ford county, Iowa, and a prominent and highly respected citizen, reeides in the south- eastern part of the county, having been iden- tified with the farming interests here since 1873. He is of German birth and is a fair type of that thrifty class of people who have come over to our country and established com- fortable homes in this land of the free. Fol- lowing is a brief resume of his life: Charles Wenzel was born in Germany, March 1, 1849, son of Phillip and Christena (Hoeppner) Wenzel, also of German birth. He attended school until he was fourteen, receiving a good education in his native lan- guage. He then worked for three years in a gristmill, in the city of Jarmen, in the prov- ince of Poinmern. In 1869 he sailed from Hamburg for America, landing in New York August 20, after a voyage of fifteen days. Continuing his way westward to Iowa, he located at Lyons, where he worked on a farm four years. In 1873 he came to his present location in Nishnabotany township, Crawford county. Here he first purchased 160 acres. Later he bought eighty acres more, and now has 240 acres, one of the best farms in this part of the county. Eighty acres are in sec- tion 25, and 160 in section 24. His residence is 18 x 28 feet, an L, 16 x 24 feet, and kitchen, 10 x 24 feet, all being a story and a half, ex- cept the kitchen. It is nicely located and has an attractive lawn, grove and orchard. His barn is 24 x 28 feet. His farm is well fenced and well watered, and conveniently arranged for successfully carrying on farming and stock-raising. Mr. Wenzel was married May 24, 1873, in Clinton county, Iowa, to Wilhelmine Schwartz, who was born in Germany, and reared and educated in Clinton county. Her parents, Frederick and Maria Schwartz, are both de- ceased. Mr. and Mrs. Wenzel have four sons: Siegfried, Reinhard, Hell m nth and Bernhard; and six daughters: Maria, Mathilde, Martha, Emma, Rosa and Amalia; Amalia and Bern- hard are twins. Mr. Wenzel is a Democrat and an active worker in the ranks of his party. He was elected to his present position as a member of the County Board of Supervisors, which position he still holds, and has made an ex- cellent officer. He is well posted on the general topics of the day, is broad and pro- gressive in his views, and is frank and genial in his intercourse with his fellow- men. His religious associations are with the Lutheran Church. Of Mr. Wenzel's parents, it should be stated that they also came to America. His father died in Iowa township, this county, in 1884. His mother is now a resident of Manilla, and is seventy years of age. Four of their six children are now living, namely: Agusta Babies and Fred, both of Iowa town- ship, this county; Bertha Schwieso, Manilla, Iowa; and the subject of our sketch. Those deceased are William and Ludwig. > £ :©: . ^ t< JOWMAN & KRANZ BROS., lumber and coal dealers of Holsteiu, Iowa. This firm was organized July 1, 1886, pur- chasing the business of the S. H. Bowman 44i; niOOli.MUIIcM. HI8T0R7 OF Lumber < lompany, the pioneer lumber dealers of Holstein. The present firm carry a large stock of lumber and coal, do an extensive business in the city and county, and are well and favorably known. Their large building, 80x100 feet, with all the smaller buildings, are located near the depot. S. II. Bowman, the senior member of the firm, is a man of large means. II. G. Kranz was born in Altenberg, near Cassel, Germany, February 7, 1S65, a son of Adam and Elizabeth Kranz. He received a good education in his native Language, at- tending school until fifteen years of age, and three years later came to ( >debolt. Sac county, Iowa. He found employment in the Bowman Lumber Company, and by strict attention to business and ability as a salesman, he has risen to his present position. Mr. Kranz was married to Margaret McKay, a daughter of .lames McKay, of De Witt, Clinton county, Iowa. To this union has been born one child, Leslie II. Politically, Mr. Kranz affiliates with the Republican party, and has served as Treasure]- of the School Board. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic order, Alpine Lodge, No. 471; has filled all the chairs in the I. O. 0. F., Finvoy Lodge, No. 490; a char- ter member of the K. of P., No. 55, in which he Mixed as Keeper of Records and Seal for five years; is secretary and director of the llolstein Town Lot Company, and secretary of the N. W. & D. Investment Company, of this city. Ho is the junior member of the firm of Bowman & Kranz Pros. J. C. Kranz, also a member of the firm of Bowman & Kranz Pros., was also born in Altenberg, near Ca6sel, Germany, a son of Adam and Elizabeth Kranz. He received a good education in his native land, and when a yonng man in 1878, came to < >debolt, Iowa, where he was employed as a farm hand on the Wheeler farm. By his ability and strict at- tention to business be was promoted to the position of foreman of the place, and later was superintendent and manager. After eight years of employment on the Wheeler farm, Mr. Kranz came to Holstein, [da county, en- tering the lumber firm of Bowman it Kranz Pros. He was married in this city to Sallie Witt, who was born, reared and educated in Davenport, Iowa. They have two children : Ervinand Enrine. Mr. Kranz affiliates with the Republican party, has served as Alder- man of his city five years, is one of the di- rectors oT the National Pank, president of the Holstein Pudding Company, and treas- urer and director of the Holstein Town Lot Company. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic order. Mr. Kranz is one of the well-known and popular business men of the city. §W. PIERCE, a farmer of section 26, Garfield township, Ida county, was ° born in Allegany county, New York, February 27, 1851, a son of William Pierce, a native of that State. His father, Samuel Pierce, was a soldier in the war of 1812. The mother of our subject, nee Elizabeth Burdick, was also born in New York. Mr. Pierce set- tled in Milton, Rock county, Wisconsin, when L. W. was thirteen years of age, where the father followed farming. Politically, he voted with the Republican party. The mother died at Alfred, New York, in 1862. L. W. Pierce, one of four children, as- sisted in clearing the home farm in Rock county, Wisconsin, where he remained until 1880, and in that year removed to Morgan township, Crawford county. Iowa. During two years of his residence there he resided in the West Soldier valley. In the spring of CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 447 1885 he settled on 160 acres of raw prairie land in Garfield township, Ida county, all of which is now under a fine state cultivation, and three and a half acres devoted to a grove and orchard. Mr. Pierce was married in Rock county, Wisconsin, at the age of twenty-one years, to Miss A. E. Ogden, who was born, reared and educated in that county, a daughter of G. W. and Electa (Coon) Ogden, prominent early settlers of Rock county. The father died in 1869, and the mother now resides in Dane county, Wisconsin. Their son, Dr. Henry Ogden, was a soldier in the late war, and is now a leading physician. Mr. and Mrs. Pierce have four children: L. W., Earl A., Daisy E. and Julia I. In his political views, Mr. Pierce is a stanch supporter of the Re- publican party. He has been a member of the School Board, and takes an active in- terest in everything for the good of his comity. Wa 0. HOLDRIDGE, a prominent farmer illy? and stock-dealer of Boyer Valley town- ^r® ship, and a well-known citizen, is the subject of the present sketch. He settled here in 1878, having bought land here in 1873. He was born in Chenango county, New York, June 29, 1851, and is the son of Clark and Lucinda (Loomis) Holdridge, na- tives of Chenango county. The father now resides in Camden county, New Jersey, aged seventy-eight years, but the mother died when our subject was about two and one-half years of age. She left four children, three of whom are yet living: Albertus died at the age of ten years; W. D. married a farmer of Clinton township, Sac county; Mattie A. resides in De Kalb county, Illinois; and L. C. is our subject. In time the father married again, and the two children of the second marriage are named Ora and Newton. He has always followed an agricultural life, and has success- es fully grown fruit and carried on the dairy business. He has always been active in the Republican party. Our subject was reared in New York, edu- cated in the common schools there, and re- mained until 1866, when he went to New Jersey, where he remained two years, then returned to New York, thence to Illinois when a lad of seventeen, and finally located *n De Kalb county, near Courtland. Here he resided until 1878, when he came to Sac county, locating where he has since esided. Our subject owns a good farm of 160 acres, which he basin a high state of improvement. His land is good arable soil, and he has it well cultivated. The residence of our subject is one of the neat homes of Iowa, a structure of a story and a half, 16 x 24, with an L, 16x22, and a fine barn, 48x48, in connec- tion with which he has a hog house, sheds, granary, stock scales, and all the 'other adjuncts of a well-ordered farm. A tine grove is also a pleasant feature of the place. He is engaged in dealing in stock, in dairy farming, milking as many as twenty cows, and in feeding a great many head of stock. Our subject was married June 16, 1872, to Miss S. Townsend, who was born, reared and educated in this county. She is the daughter of Henry Townsend, an early pio- neer of De Kalb county, who settled there in 1839, taking up a Government claim when all the land was new, and Chicago was the nearest market. The name of the mother of Mrs. Holdridge was Emily Harrison, born in Lin- colnshire, England. The father died in 1882, but the mother is still living at the acre of eighty-four years. Mrs. Holdridge had a 44« BIOGRAPHICAL EIBTORT OF brother Darned Sanford, who took part in the late war, and now resides in 1 ,.i k«- < 'ity. Iowa. Our subject and wife have a family of biz children: Arthur Ray, Guy, Clark. Brail) Ethel, Elina L. and George L. Our subject takes an active interest in politics, and votes with the Republican party. He is one of the Trustees now serving his third term, and has been on the School Board for a number of years in some capacity. Socially, he is a member of the 1 0. O. F., and belongs to the Encampment. He is a man in the prime of life, frank and cordial in his manner, and is one of the honored citizens of Boyer Valley township. OREXZo CHEROKEE BUTLER, one of the county's native men, was born in Union township, October 28, 1862. lie grew up to farm life, receiving his education in the public schools, remaining at home, as- sisting his mother and family until he was twenty-five, when occurred his marriage to Miss Lydia Lanning, daughter of Absalom Canning, born in Lynn county, Pennsylvania, in 1866. She taught school in Crawford county before her marriage, for some time. They have one child living, and one deceased, Fern, born in 1890. Our subject enlisted as musician in the State First Regimental Band, and served for over two years, when he secured his dis- charge, lie possesses a farm, in company with his younger brother, of 325 acres, and also a number of town lots in Arion. Mr. Bntler is a pioneer of this place, as he has planted corn on the town site; later started the tirst hotel, lumber-yard ami restaurant. He also started the first grocery store, and is regarded as one of the active young business men of Arion, heing now engaged in the real - estate business, stock and grain, and in order to increase the prosperity of the little city he has bought and shipped lumber to the place, and then sold it tor the wholesale price. Mr. Butler is bound to make this place a success, and spares no pains to in- crease its prosperity. Politically, he inclines toward the Demo- cratic faith; is a member of the I. O. O. F., Globe Lodge, No. 280, Dow City, and is one of the respected, influential business men of the city. Mrs. Butler is a member of the Christian Church. In 1801 he erected his present residence, which is a handsome build- ing, 28x3-4 feet, and has erected several other buildings in the city, which he has dis- posed of. He is a man worthy of the re- spect and admiration of every citizen of Arion, as it is through his efforts that the place is in existence. ■£/w>- ~^nsiflfb—*c-tyy ?AMES M. BUTLER was one of the pio- neer settlers of Crawford county, set- tling in North Grove in March, 1851. He brought his wife, and with one child, set- tled on a claim, where he expected to found a home. Here he erected a small log cabin, and cleared a piece of ground, but they were destined to be driven from this humble home, for that same fall, while Mr. Bntler was away on a deer hunt, a band of Indians invaded the home where Mrs. Bntler, her mother and sister were alone. Thinking they were hun- gry, the women offered them something to eat, but the Indians only laughed at them, and when they told them to be off, one of the brutes flapped the aged lady in the face. They gave the ladies another sample of their uncivilized ways by stealing Mr. Butler's CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 449 pony, which they took to Fort Dodge. Mr. Bntler hired a friendly Indian to steal the pony back, but he made two trips before recovering it. This was sufficient cause for Mr. Butler to take his family down into Shelby county, where they took up a claim and remained for six years. They then sold this claim and came to Crawford county and purchased 200 acres on sections 1, 2 and 11, in Union township, for which he paid $12 an acre. Forty acres had been broken, and a small cabin bad been erected, and here they moved and began to establish a home, and at this place Mr. Butler died, having spent a useful life. Their early days were filled with the hardships incident to pioneer life. He was Captain of a company of Border Guards, and was a man who had the welfare of the public at heart, and would lend his assistance to any enterprise that would prove a benefit to the community at large. He was a self- made man, having taught himself. He stud- ied law after he was married, and practiced a number of years. He labored hard for his start in life, financially, and died well off, having at that time 410 acres. He was active, politically, in the Democratic ranks, and filled the office of County Judge and a number of other posil ions of honor. He served some time as Trustee of his township and county. The birth of Mr. Butler took place in Simpson county, Kentucky, in 1824, and his death occurred February 21, 1868. He was reared in Kentucky, and came from there to Jackson county, Missouri, and from there to Hancock county, Illinois, where he met and married Catherine McCole. She was born in Perth, Canada, in 1820, and was the daughter of Daniel and Margaret (Bell) McCole, both of whom were born in Scot- land, and came to this country in 1828. They settled in Illinois and then went to Council Bluffs, and Mr. McCole died at Honey Creek, Pottawattamie county, and the mother is still living, at the age of eighty-seven years, with her two daughters. Since the death of her husband, Mrs. Butler has taken charge of affairs, and she has now a comforta- ble home in Arion, and possesses 100 acres of fine land. She is a member of the Re- organized Church of the Latter-Day Saints. Of her family of ten children seven are still living: James died; Margaret is the wife of Val. Talcott, and resides in Arion; Don J. resides in Arion, and was the first child born in Crawford county; he travels for a com- mission house in Omaha; William J. is a resident of Arion; Lucy is the wife of Oscar Goodrich, of Goodrich township, this county; Mary A. is the wife of Dr. Evans, and lives in Dow City; Chloie is deceased; Lorenzo C. is a dealer in real estate, and lives in Arion; Emma is deceased; Charlie remains at home. In the early days in the county Mr. Butler had to go to Council Bluffs for provisions. Upon one of these occasions Mrs. Butler was alone for seven days with two little chil- dren, when a blizzard came, and the snow was piled waist deep. She bravely endured these trials, and fed the stock and children. She passed all through the dreadful weather of 1856-'57, and suffered all the hardships of pioneer life, but still lives as an encourage- ment to others to be brave, and the clouds of misfortune in time pass away. EORGE THEOBALD, proprietor of Reliance Mills, Astor, Iowa, is one of the prominent and highly respected citizens of Crawford county. This mill was built in 1886, is 30x40 feet, 450 i;i<«;i;ai'111cm. uistdiiy < home until lSTs, and then moved to Sac county, near Lake View, and lived there Eor a year and then came to Crawford county, Iowa, and settled on the land where he now lives. He has 160 acres, well improved, a L6 x 24 frame house, a story and a half, with an L, 16 x 22, and furnished very nicely. lie has a nice lawn, orchard and a barn 24x34 feet, for horses and hay, cribs and gran- aries, yards, feed lots, pastures, meadows and plowed land, and the farm is well watered by wells. He raises tine cattle, horses and hogs, and everything about the Nutter farm shows thrift and good management. Mr. Nutter was married at the acre of twenty-two in Licking county, Ohio, to Mi>s Elizabeth Mathemy. a ladv of intelligence and good family, born in Licking county, Ohio. Her parents wore John and Mary (Farmer) Mathemy, the latter of an old Vir- ginia family. They resided in Ohio until death, and the father was a farmer, a Demo- crat in politics and a member of the Christian Church. They had ten children; and one son. David, was a member of the Eighteenth Ohio Infantry Regulars, and now resides in Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Nutter have eight children : Alletha, wife of James Wickwire, a promi- nent citizen of Willow township; Jackson. now residing in Colorado; James, at home; Wallace, a sailor on the lakes; Edward, has a farm in Paradise township, but sHll resides at home on the old farm. He is a member of the I. ( >. ( >. F. and Encampment, also of the Modern Woodmen of Charter Oak. and is a worthy member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church of Willow Center. Mary G. is a successful and popular teacher in this county, where she has taught for the past live years; Lla l'>. and William F. are at home ^J^yfct yW^ CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 453 and are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Willow Center. The rest of the children died in childhood or in- fancy. The family have all been educated, and are well informed and intelligent and conceded to be one of the best families on the west side of the county. (OLLLNS F. TILLOTSON, one of the representative farmers of Maple town- ship, Ida county, Iowa, residing on a tract of 417 acres in section 18, has been identified with the agricultural interests of this township since February, 1874. Mr. Tillotson was born in Onondaga county, New York, December 7, 1846. His father, Sanford P. Tillotson, was horn in Connecticut, and was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. His grandfather, David Tillotson, was a na- tive of the same State and served in the war of 1812. The mother of our subject was before her marriage, Miss Nancy Jane Ward. She was born near Sackett's Harbor, and died .vhen he was a habe. His father survived her many years, and he, too, died in New York. By occupation he was a farmer; politically, a Democrat; religiously, a member of the Christian Church. Collins F. Tillotson was reared in New York, receiving his education in the common schools and at Monroe Collegiate Institute, Elbridge, New York. He also attended Faley Seminary, at Fulton, New York. In 1874 he came, to Ida county, Iowa, and in 1881 purchased 127 acres of wild prairie land in Maple township, which he at once began to improve. He has since added to his original purchase until be is now the owner of 417 acres, all under a high state of cultivation. He has a nice frame dwelling, 16 x 22 feet, a 34 story and a half, with an L, 16 x 16 feet. His barn is 28x32 feet; crib building, 28x43 feet; hog house, 20 x 50 feel, with a lean-to on the south 48 feet long. His cattle sheds, stock scales, wind-mill and piping leading to the different yards are among the other con- veniences that combine to make this a model farm. At the age of twenty-four years Mr. Tillotson was married in Onondaga county, New York, to Miss Mary J. Clark, who received her birth and education in Onondaga county, and who isadaughter of Newton and Phcebe (Sprague) Clark. They have six children: Jessie, Fred, Charley, Francis, Mertie and Mabel. Mr. Tillotson is a "third-party" man. He has taken an active interest in the growth and prosperity of this part of the country ever since be settled here, and is regarded as one of the most enterprising and progressive men in this vicinity. He has served the pnblic as a member of the School Board. fLATT ARMSTRONG, a retired farmer, and one of the prominent founders of Lake View, was born in Canada, Sep- tember 10, 1833, a son of Henry Armstrong, a native of the same country. His father was a native of Ireland, and of Scotch-Irish ancestry. The mother of our subject, nee Martha Grusey, was also born in Canada, a daughter of Samuel Grnsey, of Vermont. Piatt Armstrong, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native country. In 1854 he came by railroad to Freeport, Illinois, and thence with teams to Clinton county, Iowa, settling at Lost Nation. He there improved a farm of 240 acres, but in 1877 sold out and purchased land in Sac county, which he gave his sons. In 1880 he r.i BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF bought L60 acres, which he made one of the beBl farms in Sac' county, but in 1SS4 sold that land to Rudolph Hershey, except ten acres, which he platted as an addition to the the town of Fletcher, now Lake View, mak- ing the plat in 1882. This was the lirst land in Sac county sold as high as $50 an acre. Mr. Armstrong then engaged in the real- < ■ - 1 ; 1 1 1 - business in Le Mars, Plymouth county, and Pierson, Wbodbnry county, Iowa. He bought 160 acres, which he iinpoved, and to which he later added twenty-six acres, all of which he sold in 1891. In L892 he pur- chased sixt\ acres known as Thompson tract, located on the north end of Wall Lake, which he surveyed and platted, and this is one of the most desirable and valuable residence portions in the city of Lake View. In 1862 Mr. Armstrong enlisted in the Twenty-sixth Iowa Infantry, Company 1, took part in the siege of Vicksburg, with Sherman on his inarch to the sea, in the Carolina campaigns, and took part in the grand review at Wash- ington, District of Columbia. In his politi- cal views he affiliates with the Republican party, and has held many of the offices of his township. Socially, he is a member of the G. A R. post, at Le Mars. Our subject was first married at the age of twenty years, to Miss Emelia McCarter, a native of St Lawrence county. New Fork, and a daughter of Robert McCarter. They had one child, Alden, now a business man of Lake View. The wife and mother died in Iowa, in 1854. In 1856 Mr. Armstrong was married to Amanda McCarter, a sister of his former wife, and they have had seven chil- dren: Kimball, engaged in the grain business at Schaller, Sac county, Iowa, with his brother, M ly, grain merchant at Schaller, Iowa; Rufus, oft Ihamberlain, South Dakota; Emelia. wife of A. Thayer, of Rock Valley, Si. nix county, Iowa; Nina L., wife of George D. Minn, of Pierson, Woodbury county; Lowry, at home; and Guernsey, deceased at the age of twenty months. Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong are members of the New Jerusalem or Swedenborgian Church. Our subject is one of the leading promoters of Lake View, and takes an active interest in the prosperity of this city and Sac county. He was the origi- nal founder of the town of Lake View, hav- ing originated the scheme of locating a town on the banks of the beautiful little lake, which is one of the most attractive spots in this part of Iowa, and which is fast becoming famous as a place of resort during the heated season of the year. Mr. Armstrong is engaged in the banking business, in company with his brother-in-law, Robert McCarter. at Moore- ville, Iowa. ten S. McVEY, attorney-at-lavv, Charter i\ Oak, Iowa, has been a resident of ^n a this place since August, 1888. He was born in Linn county, Iowa, March 22, 1859, son of John and Elizabeth (Mc- Ivinney) McVey, natives of ( Hhio. 1 1 is parents came to Iowa about 1S52 and located in Linn county. Both are deceased, the mother hav- ing passed away in lStiS and the father in 1891. In Linn county the subject of our sketch was reared, receiving his education in to the public schools and at Western College, Toledo, this State. After completing his ■-tudies he was engaged in teaching school live years in Ida county. Inclining toward the legal profession, he entered the office of Charles S. Macomber, at Ida Grove, under whose instructions he studied law, being ad- mitted to the bar in September, 1VSS. H,. came from Ida Grove to Charter Oak, and here he has since been engaged in the prac CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 455 tice of his profession, doing an extensive business. He has had some practice in the Interior Department at Washington. Mr. McVey is a member of the firm of C. S. Severson & McVey, collecting agency, lite, Iowa, and is the local representative of the following collection agencies: Snow, Church & Co., Wilber, Martindal, Dunshee & Allen, American Boot & Shoe Com pan), and Band, McNally & Co. He is, politically, a Republican. He served as Deputy Clerk of Ida county, and has served as Secretary of the School Board of Charter Oak. Socially, he is a member of the I. O. O. F., No. 105, being a charter member and the first Noble Grand of Charter Oak Lodge. Mr. McVey was married December 20, 1888, to Miss Jennie M. Davis, of Iowa county, Iowa. Previous to her marriage, however, she had been engaged in teaching in Ida county. They have one child living: Vera. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. =£*- fARL F. HENSEN, one of the leading and prosperous agriculturists of Crawford county, Iowa, is. a native of Schleswig, Germany, born July 26, 1836, son of Detlef and Catherine (Otto) Hensen, both deceased in the land of their birth in 1856 and 1878. They had a family of four children, one of whom is dead, Hans. The others are: Fred- erick, resides near Kiel, Germany; Detlef, resides in Australia; and Carl F., our subject, being the only one who made the trip to this country. He was reared to farm life and educated in the public schools of his native country. When he was seventeen he began to work for himse|f, by farming and sheep-raising, which he followed until he came to America. In 1863-64 he served in the war between Prus- sia and Denmark. He continued to reside in Germany until 1870, when he came to this country, intending to locate in some of the Southern States, Kansas being the preference; but owing to sickness overtaking the family they decided to locate in Iowa and came direct to Denison, Crawford county, and located on a tract of eighty acres of land in Goodrich township, where he erected a small house and began to clear and break up the prairie land. He added to this farm until he had 400 acres in one tract and 360 in another, in all 760 acres in the county, all of which is in a high state of cultivation. He first erected a small residence, 16 x 22, one story high, but later added some improvements, and in 1879 built a two-story frame house, 20 x 40, with a wing, 20 x 24, and kitchen, 14 x 16. He also has good barns for his grain and stock. All these improvements make this one of the leading farms in the county, and he carries on gen- eral farming and sheep-raisiug, having as many as 1,500 head of sheep at one time. He continued this until 1884, when he prac- tically went out of the business. In 1891 he bought the old Wygant homestead, just out of Denison, and has made it a beautiful home, where he can spend the remainder of his days in quiet and contentment, retired from the active cares of business. He is a self-made man, having started with nothing and worked himself up to his present enviable position without the help of any one. He was married, October 25, 1860, to Miss Emma Lehfeldt, born in Holstein, Germany, March 8, 1837. They have a family of seven children: Carl, resides in Montana engaged in the sheep business; Amelia, wife of John Lehfeldt; William, engaged in the sheep busi- ness at Chinook, Montana, graduate of Ames 456 ISKMUiM'UWAL HISTORY OF College; Amid, attending Ames College; Theodore, engaged in Montana in the Bheep business with hi- brother William ; Luvie and Paul, at In mie. Politically, Mr. Ilensen is an independent. He lias held the office of Township Trustee and heen a member of the Board of Educa- tion; also Supervisor. He is a man that has the best interests of his county at heart. The family are members of the German Lutheran Church, and are among the county's most reBpected and esteemed citizens. fOSEPB (». FOWLER, of Douglas town- ship, Ida county, Iowa, was horn in Sauk county, Wisconsin, in the year ISol. a son of Montague and Elizabeth (Fliokinger) Fowler; the lather a native of Massachusetts, and the mother horn in Ohio. The father removed to Ohio with his parents at the age of thirteen. lie was a great lover of hooks, and soon fitted himself as a teacher. In 1837 be was married to Elizabeth Flickinger. For a number of years he engaged mostly in teaching and the mercantile husiness. He then removed to Wisconsin, where he pur- chased and improved a large tract of land. In L859 he sold out, and with his family started for southwestern Missouri. Sickness of the family prevented him getting any farther than Benton county, Iowa, where he purchased a home. Their family consisted of nine children, five hoys and four girls, namely: Eli, Elizabeth, Bina, Lewis, Louise, Joseph, Alvin, Emma and May. Of this number four hoys and one girl are living. Bina, the oldest son living, enlisted in the Western army, and served until the close of the war. He is now in Nebraska, where he has heen for a number of years engaged in the mercantile business; Lewis, Louise and the mother, the latter being now se\ euty-foiir years of age, still reside in the old home in Benton county, Iowa; Alvin is living in Cherokee county, Iowa, and is a well-to-do farmer. Joseph, the subject of this sketch, went to Nebraska in May. 1877, and purchased a farm in Otoe onnty, which he sold in 187'd, nearly doubling his investment. Hi- next purchase was in Ida county, Iowa, where be DOUghf Lilt acres, his present home. He has since purchased another 1(5(1 acres, one-half mile from him, making him a farm of 320 acres, under a good state of cultivation. In the year 1881 be returned to Benton county, Iowa, and on March 1 was married to Alice I lower. a native of Canada, daughter of William Lower, who was born in England; her mother being also a native of Canada. Mr. Bower came to Benton county in the year of L868, wdiere he still resides, and lias a valuable and beautiful home. Mr. and Mrs. Fowler have three children: Bertie, Willie ami Gladys. Mr. Fowler has spent the larger portion of his life on the borders of a new country. IL< was al-o among the early pioneers of Douglas township. Ida county, Iowa. ILLIAM HKBUOLD, one of the UK nrominent and leading citizens of ,'oon Valley township. Sac county, Iowa, resides on a farm id' 3.2Q acres in sec- tion 29. A brief sketch of his life is here- with presented : William Herrold was born in I. a Porte, Indiana. February 18, 18-fS. son of Henry and Lellinda (Dorr) Herrold, the former. >i hutch descent, born in Lancaster county, PemiSJ Ivania. and the latter a native of < >hio. About ls34 his parents emigrated from Ohio to La Porte, Indiana, where they spent the rest CRAWFORD, ID A- AND SAO COUNTIES. 457 of their lives, the father passing away at the age of forty-five, and the mother some years before him. They reared a family of ten children, and four of their sons served in the army: Jonathan, a member of the .Ninth In- diana, was killed at Murfreesborough, Ten- nessee, and Joseph and Henry, members of that same regiment, were both wounded, Jo- seph at the batttle of Shiloh, and Henry at Chickamauga; William enlisted in May, 1864, in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry; was stationed in Tennessee, guarding rail- roads, and was honorably discharged in 1865. Mr. Herrold spent his youth on a farm, and at work in a sawmill. After the war he emi- grated to Iowa, and for seven years lived in Polk county, that State. In 1872 he came to Sac county, Iowa, and bought 200 acres of wild land in Coon Valley township. To his original purchase he added 120 acres, and now has one of the best farms on Coon river. His house is a story a-half, 14 x 20 feet, with an L, 14 x 22 feet, and his barn, the largest in the county, is 74 x 88 feet, with a capacity of 100 tons of hay, 3,000 bushels of corn, and 2,000 bushels of oats; 100 head of cattle, and thirty horses. Among the other improve- ments on his farmare a windmill and stock scales. Mr. Herrold was married August 7, 1865 in La Porte county, Indiana, to Miss Mary M. Woolley, who received her birth and edu- cation in that county, and for some time was engaged in teaching there. She is a daugh- ter of Daniel and Rachel (Christman) Wool- ley. They have nine children, namely: George W., Maggie R., Katie A., Bertha M., teaching school; S. C, Walter J., Alice, Mary; and Lois. The two oldest children are married; one married a butcher, and the other a butcher's daughter. Politically, Mr. Herrold is a Republican, and has held every office in the township, except Constable. He is a charter member of the William T. Sherman Post, Gr. A. It., Sac City. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and ai'e active workers in both the church and Sun- day-school, he being a Class-leader. ^ENKY LEE, proprietor of Summit Heights stock-farm, near Battle Creek, Ida county, Iowa, was born near Car- lisle, Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1833. He was married November 24, 1863, to Maria Fishburn, also a resident of the same county. They have four children: Harry F., Kate M., Myra M., and Thomas H. Mr. Lee's ancestors were natives of the Emerald Isle. Both his grandfathers, Thomas Lee, Sr., and John Noble, were born in Ire- land, and reared in the faith of the Episcopal Church. His father, Thomas Lee, was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, June 22, 1785, and at an early age moved to Cumber- land county, where he lived until his death, May 21, 1871, at the age of eighty-six years. He was a soldier in the war of 1812; in poli- tics he was a Republican; his occupation was farming, and he was a member of the Epis- copal Church. The mother of the subject of this sketch, whose maiden name was Mary Noble, was born in Cumberland county, Penn- sylvania, where she lived until her death, August 27. 1862, at the age of sixty-seven years. They were the parents of five chil- dren: Thomas, James, John, Henry and Margaret E., only two of whom are now liv- ing. Mrs. Lee is the daughter of John and Catherine Fishburn. John Fishburn was born in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, De- \5i lilOGHM'lt/CAI, HISTORY OF cember 12, 1784, was a farmer by occupation, a Republican and a member of the Lutheran Church. He died at the age of seventy-six years, in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, April 18, L860. Her mother, whose maiden name was Catherine Carmany was bom in Lebanon county, Pennsylvania. April 9, 1791, and died at the aire of eighty three years, in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, March 15, 1^7t. They were the parents of nine chil- dren, three girls and six boys, six of whom are now living. Henry Lee enlisted in the Union army in September 1862, and was First Lieutenant of the One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Pennsyl- vania Volunteer Infantry for a period of one year. He then recruited a company and be- came Captain of the Two Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. He was taken prisoner November 17, 1863, at Bermuda Hundred. Virginia, and first confined in Iielle Island prison; thence afterward taken to Libby, thence to Danville, then to Salisbury, and finally taken back to Libby prison. He was held a prisoner until February 22, 1864, when he was exchanged and sent to Annapolis, Maryland, where he again entered the fight for bis country, serving until the close of the war, in May, 1865. In 1882, Henry Lee came to Ida county. Iowa, and purchased his present farm. After living on it six years, lis moved and settled near Fayetteville, Arkansas. He, however, returned to Ida county, after ibout two years in the South, and has since made his home here. Summit Heights is one of the most attractive locations in this entire vicinity, be- ing well improved in every respect. The two-story residence is large and commodious, and is situated on a natural building site, surrounded with lawn and evergreens. The barns, other farm buildings, windmill, etc.. and, in fact, everything about the place indi- cates thrift and prosperity. From Summit Heights, Ida Grove, the county seat can be seen at a distance of seven miles. On this farm Mr. Lee makes a specialty of raising fine stock, having some of the best draft and road horses in northwestern Iowa: Chieftain, a descendant of Old Gray Eagle, is one of the best natural pacers in Iowa; Olen, a trotting horse, Bired by Iliatoga Chief, bred by Will- iam Xiles, of Lake county, Indiana, is a beauty. He also owns Almata, an iron-gray filly, which is of no small value. Mr. Lee is a Republican and a member of the G. A. R. -^si/lfl- -sifinn^- AM TAYLOR, a prominent farmer and ^ stock-raiser, of Cedar township, Sac county, Iowa, is one of the representa- tive citizens who settled in the township in 1872. He was born in La Porte county, In- diana, March 27, 1836, and was the son of William Taylor, a native of Harper's Ferry, Virginia, who was a son of Samuel Taylor. The family was of English ancestry. The mother of our subject was born in Ohio. Hei- name was Mary Cannon, a daugh- ter of Joseph Cannon. In 1833 the parents of our subject removed to La Porte county, Indiana, and there William Taylor engaged in general merchandising. He also engaged for some time in pork-packing, removing to South Fend, and still later to Warren county, Iowa, and located among the early settlers at Indianola. lie died in Indiana, and he was buried at South Bend. The mother of our subject died in La Porte county. They had reared a family of seven children, three sons and four daughters. One son, John, was a member of the State Militia during the late war. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 45 J In politics AVilliam Taylor was a Demo- crat. For many years he was prominently identified with the Methodist Church, being Class-leader and local preacher. Socially, he was a member of the Masonic order, and also of I. O. 0. F. His death occurred at the age of sixty-seven, and his wife passed away at the age of forty-two. Our subject was reared and educated in La Porte county, Indiana, and assisted in his father's store, accompanying the family in 1869 to Warren county, Iowa, and in 1872 removed to Sac county. Here he located in Cedar township, which at that time was all new and wild land. Here he bought eighty acres, and has put it in a fine state of culti- vation. The residence is a good frame build- ing of one and one-half stories, 16 x 24 feet, and this is surrounded by a fine grove and orchard. One acre is devoted to small fruit. He here passes a useful and industrious life, engaged in farming and stock-raising, being successful in both industries. The marriage of our subject took place August 6, 1856, in La Porte county, Indiana, to Miss Jane H. Herrold, a lady of great in- telligence, who was born in Athens county, Ohio, near Selina, and a daughter of David Herrold, a native of Indiana county, Penn- sylvania, who was a son of Joseph Herrold, also a native of the same county, whose an- cestors had come from Germany. The mother of Mrs. Taylor was named Mary Dorr, a cousin of Governor Dorr, of Rhode Island, noted for Dorr's rebellion. Mrs. Taylor was reared and educated in La Porte county, In- diana. Her mother died there in 1871 at the age of fifty-three; the father is still living, at the age of seventy-eight. He has been a farmer and trader by occupation. In politics he is a Republican, and cast his first vote for AVilliam H. Harrison and his last one for Benjamin H. Harrison. In religion he is a member of the Methodist Church, and always took great interest in church work. He and wife have reared a family of eleven children, and all of them are yet living. One son, David, was in the late war, serving in the Ninth Indiana Infantry. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have seven living children, as follows: Kate, the wife of Dr. Mansfield, of Salt Lake city, the owner of the Copeland Institute; David, in the railroad employ at Lake City, Iowa; Flora, wife of E. B. Atkins, of Sac City; George, at home; John, in Grant City; Frank, the manager of the Copeland Institute at Denver; and Mark, who is in the Copeland Institute drug store at Denver. Three children were lost in in- fancy: Mary, at the age of eight mouths; Willie, when six weeks old; and the twin of John. Our subject is a Republican in politics, and cast his first vote for Lincoln. He has served in the office of Township Trustee, has been a member of the School Board, and in both positions discharged his duties to the satis- faction of all. Socially, he is a member of I. O. 0. F., and in every way he is one of the representative men of the township. fOSEPH PARKINSON, one of the well- known citizens of Sac county, and the first to locate on the southeast shore of Wall Lake, was born in Lancastershire, Eng- land, in August, 1836, a son of Lawrence and Fanny (Wallworth) Parkinson, natives also England. The mother died when our subject was quite young, and in 1849 the father came to Manayunk, Pennsylvania, where he fol- lowed the trade of weaver. His death oc- curred in Philadelphia, that State, in 1878. wo BIOORAPHIO i/. UIHTORT OF Be was a member oT the Episcopal Church of Philadelphia when he died, in 1878, and was seventy eight years old. Joseph Parkinson, the subject of thi sketch, was reared and educated in his native country. In L861 he came to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he worked in a woolen Factory, also in the manufacture of gingham and chock goods. Iii 1802 he volunteered under Captain lames Kirkman, and was mus- tered into the fifty-second Pennsylvania Regiment at Earrisburg, at the time of the battle of Antietam, September 17,1862. In the spring of 1*03. he went to Racine county, Wisconsin; thence to Walworth county; in 1866 settled five miles east of Bloomington, Grant county; and next spring, with a com- pany of fourteen persons, came with teams to Sac county, Iowa. They located in Viola township, when all was new and wild, and .Mr. Parkinson has frequently gone to Carroll with flax in those early days, often having to unload six times on account of had roads. sloughs, etc. lie first lived in a slal> house and in the fall built a log cabin, 16 x 2d feet. hut he now owns a good one and a half story residence, 10x21 feet, a harn, 40x40 feet, and a granary, 24- x 32 feet, 182 acres of fine farming land, with a beautiful grove and orchard. Mr. Parkinson was married at Chester, Pennsylvania, in duly, 1862, to Sarah Dover, a native of England, and a daughter of Thomas and Mary Dover. To that union was born seven children: John, horn May 7, 180:!, in Delaware county, Pennsylvania, lives in Wall Lake township; Mary .lane, horn in Wiscon- sin, lives in Viola township; Harriet, born in Iowa, lives in Bnena Vista county; Priscilla and Emma, deceased; Willia II. and Frank. The wife and mother died in 1SS5, and iii 1889 our subject married Eliza Bertch, a native of Springfield, Ohio, and a daughter of Ilenry and Agatha (Troutmau) Bertch, both of whom died in that State. Mi's. Parkinson was reared and educated in Ohio. Our BUD- ject ami wife have had two children : Florence A. and Fred, deceased at the age of five months, in 1892. Mr. Parkinson is identified with the Re- publican party, and was a member of the School Board, of which he was president at one time. Religiously, he is a member of the Episcopal Church of England. He is one of the early pioneers of Viola township, and is one of the honored and respected citizens of Sac county, Iowa. .AVID WIN EY, whose post office address is Deloit, Iowa, resides on a farm of 360 acres in section 36, Otter Creek town- ship, Crawford county. lie is one of the prominent and successful men id' this town- ship, and has been identified with its fanning interests since ls~~>. Following is a brief sketch of his life: David Winev was horn in Juniata county, Pennsylvania, March 25, 1835, son of [saac Winev, and grandson of Jacob Winev, both also natives of Pennsylvania. Jacob Wmey's parents were born in Germany. The wife of Isaac Winev. and the mother of our subject, was before her marriage. Miss Mary Watts. She was born and reared near Richfield, Pennsylvania, her father being of English ancestry, and her mother of German. In 1852 the Winey family came to Iowa, and settled in Allen's ( < rove. Scott county, six- teen miles from Davenport, being among the early settlers of that part of the country. Mere the father passed the residue of his life, and died in 1878. The mother died in Craw- C11AWF0IID, IDA AND 8 AC COUNT IKS. 461 ford county, in 1891. They had eleven chil- dren, seven sons and four daughters. One of the sons, Thomas, a soldier in the late war, lost his life on a steamboat on the Mississippi river while he was in the service. The father of this family was by trade a stone-mason. Religiously, he was a Winebrennerian. David was reared on the home farm in Pennsylvania, attending the common schools, and was a sturdy youth of seventeen when the family moved to Scott county, Iowa. In 1859 he went to Sioux City, Iowa, when that now nourishing city contained only a few houses. A year later lie returned to Scott county, where he engaged in farming until 1874. That year he came to his present lo- cation. He at first purchased 200 acres, forty acres of which were broken, and to this he has since added, becoming the owner of 360 acres, one of the best improved and most valuable farms in Otter Creek township. His cottage home is located on a beautiful build- ing site, is surrounded with lawn, orchard, fruits, grove, etc., and commands a pleasing view of the adjoining country. His farm is well arranged and adapted for stock-raising, and he has some tine horses, cattle and hogs. He is also engaged in general farming. His crib barn is 27 x 32 feet; other barn, 24 x 64 feet; granary, 24x40 feet. His farm has an excellent supply of water, and his wind pump is a feature of no little importance. Mr. Winey was married in Scott county, Iowa, in 1862, to Caroline Allbright, who was born near Richfield, Pennsylvania, daughter of Emanuel and Catharine (Watts) Allbright. When she was two or three years old, her father moved to Ohio, and from that State the family subsequently moved to Iowa, where she grew up and was educated. Her mother died in Ohio, and her father in this State. Mrs. Winey had two brothers who were members of an Iowa regiment during the war, one of whom died of disease con- tracted in the service. Following are the names of Mr. and Mrs. Winey's children: Carlos Wilber, Mary A., Nora, Maud, Catha- rine, Helen McNee, Margaret Jane; Olive M., deceased, Arthur Leroy, Albert David, Tabi- tha Caroline, and Thomas Grover. Kate is a popular and successful teacher. Politically, Mr. Winey is a Democrat. A, -The agricult- iMM & BRUMMER.- I oral implement house of Tamm & Bru miner is one of the largest of its kind in the county of Crawford, Iowa. They are located in Denison, and are successors to Mundt & Bi'ummer. The present firm was established in March, 1890. They carry a full line of carriages, wagons, farm imple- ments, pumps, and the Eclipse and Ilalladay wind pumps, also a full line of supplies. They are doing an extensive business. The junior member of the firm, Mr. Bru ai- mer, is a native of Germany, near Bremer, at Oldenberg, born November 28, 1861. He is the son of AVllliain and Helena (Morrison) Brnmmer, both still living in the land of their birth, Germany. They had three children: Fred, our subject; Helena and William. Fred Bruinmer is the only member of his family that is in America. He was reared in his native country to farm life and re- ceived his education in the private schools of his neighborhood. In 1882, when lie was twenty-two, he came to this country and first went to Michigan, where he remained eight- een months, working on a farm most of the time and learning the English language. On leaving Michigan he came to Denison, and 462 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF since tli.it time has been engaged in the im- plement business, « bich he thoroughly under- Btande. Mr. Brummer was married March 1, 188'.), to Sophia Kaning, born in Eshensonig, Ger- many, June 11, 1869. They have one child, Helena. Politically, he is non-partisan and votes for the best man, regardless of party lines. His financial success is entirely due to his own efforts, as he was reduced to 25 cents when he arrived in this county, but by his pluck and perseverance he has gradually risen to a place among the wealthy business men of Crawford county. BRODERSEN, member of the mer- cantile establishment of J. P. Miller & Co., was born inSchleswig-Holstein, Germany, October 2, 1839. He was the son of Hans and Annie F. (Petersen) Brodersen. The father, a farmer, died December 5, 1890, a^ed sixty four, but his wife resides with our subject. In 1872 the family came to Amer- ica from Europe, locating in Davenport, Iowa, where they remained almost a year, but in the spring of 1873 came to Denison, where the father located a farm and died there. < hit- subject began life for himself at the age of fourteen. He first worked out by the month, and in the spring of 1875 came to Denison and entered the employ of Mr. Miller, for whom he worked as clerk for al- most ten years, when he secured an interest in the firm for whom he bail worked so lono- and faithfully, and the firm was then known as J. 1'. Miller A: Co. Under his skillful management the business has grown to be one of the largest and finest establishments in the county. He has bent every energy to make it what it is, and much credit is due him. .Mr. Brodersen is an entirely self-made man. beginning at the very bottom of the ladder, he has worked himself up until he is now one of the best known men in the entire county, as well as one of the best business men of Denison, who is destined to make his mark in the business world. He was married in 1885 to Miss Rosa Lehfeldt, daughter of II. and Minnie Leh- I'eldt. Mrs. Brodersen was born in Germany, but came to the United States when she was five years old. Mr. and Mrs. Brodersen have a family of three children: Hilda, Iledmig and an infant son. They reside in an ele- gant residence that Mr. Brodersen has erected, and are highly respected citizens of Denison. Politically, he sides with no party, voting for the best man, regardless of party. He is a member of the German Society, of which he is now President. ILLIAM SHIVES, who resides near Vail on a farm of 203 acres in sec- tion 13, Stockholm township, is one of the well-known and highly respected citi- zens of Crawford county. He dates his ar- rival in this county September 12, 1873, ami since that time has been identified with its best interests. Mr. Shives was born in Iredell county, North Carolina, March 30, 1850, son of Charles Alexander and Eliza (Coffin) Shives, who were born, reared and married in that State. In 1859 the family came North, lo- cating in Montgomery county, Illinois, where the mother passed the rest of her life. Her death occurred there in 1*7:!. the result of an accident caused by a mule team running away. The father is >till a resident of Mont- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 463 gomery county. Three of their children are now living, viz.: Mary Moore, a resident of Roseville, California; and two sons, residents of Crawford county, Iowa. Our subject's mother was a member of the Friends Church. William was about nine years old when his parents settled in Montgomery county, Illi- nois, and there he grew up on a farm, re- ceiving his education in the common schools. In 1873 he came to Iowa, bought eighty acres of land in Jackson township, improved the same, and in 1876 sold it to Henry May- nard who now lives on it. Mr. Shives then purchased the farm, on which he now resides, of a prominent old settler, Alexander Trin- kle, at this writing a resident of Lake View. This farm is well adapted for both grain and stock purposes. It lias an excellent supply of spring water, which is piped to a tank in the yard. The comfortable residence, built after the Southern plan, is located a few rods back from the highway, a grove and orchard being attractive features near by. His farm is well supplied with stables, sheds, cribs, granaries, etc., and he devotes his attention to general farming and stock-raising, and. being an energetic worker and a good man- ager, he has been successful in his under- takings. Mr. Shives was married in September, 1876, to Mary Elka White, who was born, reared and educated in Montgomery county, Illinois, daughter of Henry and Eliza (Com- mon) White, who were of English descent. Her parents are both deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Shives have ten children, six sons and four daughters, namely: Ora Edwin, Clara, Alice, Maud Belle, William John Thomas, Oliver Clyde, Barney Lee, Jennie May, How- ard Seymour and Charles Orson. Politically, Mr. Shives casts his vote and influence with the Republican party. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is a steward of the Deloit charge, and is a Sabbath-school teacher. _ He is active in ad- vancing educational, temperance and relig- ious interests, and is regarded as one of the most worthy citizens of his vicinity. A good converser and of genial disposition, he is pop- ular with all who know him. A. HARKNESS, who resides on a tine farm of 100 acres, located in section 15, Washington township, Crawford county, Iowa, is one of the well- known early settlers of the county, he having been identified with its interests since 1869, with the exception of brief periods spent in New Mexico and Nebraska. Mr. Harkness was born in Franklin county, New York, October 12, 1850. His father, D. D. Harkness, one of the prominent old settlers of the county, was born in Clinton county, New York, October 1, 1826, son of William Harkness, a lumberman who was lost on a raft in New York bay, and Anna (Cocharan) Harkness, his wife. D. D. Harkness was reared on a farm near Keysville, New York. At the age of twenty- two he became one of the pioneer settlers of Franklin county, New York, and for many years he made that place his home. In 1869 he came West and took up his abode in Craw- ford county, Iowa. He lived in the Boyer river valley until 1872, that year identifying himself with the embryo town of Buck Grove He was Justice of the Peace and School Director for five years in Washington township, Iowa. He built the first cheese factory in the county and made the first cheese here. For a time he successfully operated a factory near Denison, his product being first- 464 lUiHUtM'IIK'M. lIlslOllY OF class and finding a ready market. In 1880 he moved to Cerrilloe, New Mexico, and t«> him belongs the distinction of having built the first house in that town, lit- kept a hotel, was engaged in mining, and also ran a stage and mail line for several years, meeting with success in his various operations. lie \\a- married in Franklin county. New York, at the age of twenty-two, to Almira Baker, a native of Bangor, that county, Her father, Enoch Baker, was a native of New Hampshire. Her mother, whose maiden name was Almira Berry, is now a resident of At- lanta, Logan county, Illinois, and is thirty- two years of age. D. D. Harkness and his wife reared three children: W. A.: Mary J., wife of Charles Hammond, Cerrillos, New Mexico; and Marinda, a member of the home circle. They lost one child, Daniel, at the age of four and a half years. W. A. Harkness was reared on a farm in his native State. In 1869 he came to Iowa. In March, 1880, he went to New Mexico, when; he was engaged in freighting and the hotel business, from there returning to Buck Grove, Iowa. He has owned the same home here three different times. In 1886 he went to Chase county, Nebraska, where he took a claim, and after living on it five months sold out and came back. He was married in April. L870, to Stella Westcott, a native of Otsego county, New York, who, previous to her marriage, was a successful teacher. Her father, H.H. Westcott, a native of New York, came to Iowa in 1868 and is now a resilient of Deloit. Her mother, nee Hannah Murray, was also a native of the Em- pire State. The\ had eight children, namely: Daniel, Olive, Stella. George, Alice, Cora, A. nna and Justice. Mr. and Mrs. Harkness have five children, viz.: William II.. Sarah Grade, Ida Maud and Warren Erastus. In his political views Mr. Harkness is an Independent. lie formerly affiliated with the Democratic party, and was at one time a delegate to the Democratic Convention at Ot- tumwa, Iowa. In 1S91 he was a delegate to the Independent Convention at 1 >es Moines. the -:une State. He was also School Director and Constable four years in Washington township, Iowa. SALOMONSON, a farmer of section 25, Douglas township, Ida county, 9 was horn in Norway, in 1839, a son of Stephen and Hattie (Torson) Salomonson, natives also of that country. They came to Clinton county, Iowa, in 1872. where the fa- ther soon afterward died, aged seventy-two years. The mother departed this life in Douglas township, Ida county, in 188-1, at the age of eighty-two years. They were the parents of nine children, seven of whom are now living: Stephen, who came to Clinton county, Iowa, in 1862, to Ida county in 1883, in 1887 went to Dakota, where he is now en- gaged in farming; S., our subject; Thomas, married and resides in Norway; Willie, of Ida county.; Asa, wife of T. Werners, of Griggs township; Hattie, wife of Jens Olsen, of Battle township; and (iuro, wifeof T. Nil- sen, of Norway. S. Salomonson, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native coun- try, where he was a'so engaged in farming and as a sailor on a fishing vessel along the coast. In 1866 he came to the United States, locating in Clinton county, Iowa, where he followed farming. In February, 18S2. he purchased eighty acres of raw land in Doug- las township, Ida county, which he improved, and erected a good dwelling. 16x24 feet, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 465 with an L, IS x 14 feet. He has added eighty acres to his original purchase, and five acres of his place is devoted to a grove and orchard. Mr. Salomonson now has one of the best im- proved places in Douglas township. He was married in Clinton county, Iowa, in 1866, to Miss Hattie Tolberson, a native of Norway and a daughter of T. and B. (Thompson) Tolberson. The parents were born, lived and died in that country. To this union have been born eight children, viz.: Melinda, wile of A. J. Thompson, of this township; Andrew and Solomon, twins; Ber- tie, Hattie, Bell, Mellie and Thomas. Mr. Salomonson takes an active interest in the Republican party, was elected Road Super- visor iu 1887 and Township Trustee in 1891. He has witnessed nearly the entire develop- ment of Ida county, and has been an active worker fn its upbuilding. In their religious views both he and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, in which the former has served as a Trustee and as Superinten- dent of the Sunday-school. ^ > fH. GRAVES, proprietor of Lakewood, the popular summer resort, located on 9 the north side of Wall Lake, was born at Guilford, Piscataquis county, Maine, April 18, 1833, a son of Nathaniel Graves, who was horn in Scituate, Massachusetts, August 2, 1801. The latter'a father, Daniel Graves, a native of New England, was a sol- dier in the Revolutionary war. The mother of our subject, nee Miss Anna Young, was born in Maine, a daughter of Rev. A. D. Young, also a native of New England. Na- thaniel Graves still lives in Illinois, at the age of ninety-two years, having resided in both Ogle and De Kalb counties, that State. His wife died at the age of seventy-nine years. They reared a family of seven chil- dren, three sons and four daughters; and one son, N. F., took part in the late war, in an Illinois regiment, and now resides in Jeft'er- son county, Kansas. J. H. Graves, the subject of this sketch, was reared to farm life and remained in Ogle county, Illinois, until 1876. In that year he located on his present farm of 221 acres in Wall Lake township, one and a half miles from Lake View, which is now well improved. His main building is 24 x 36 feet, two stories high, with an L, 24 x 28 feet, same height, and a kitchen, 12 x 18 feet, one story; also a pool and billiard hall, 20x 48 feet. He has sixteen cottages built on the shore of the lake, erected in 1891-'92, and a line grove of eight acres, where he has sixty varieties of trees. His barn is 28 x 100 feet, boathonse, 14 x 26 feet, icehouse, 14 x 16 feet, and has in all twenty-four buildings on the farm, and three boat-landings. During the summer months the hotel is filled to its utmost ca- pacity, and the work is superintended by Mrs. Graves and her daughter. They often have 2,000 people at Lakewood in one day. Mr. Graves was married April 7, 1863, to Miss Mary Watson, a native of Cattaraugus county, New York, but removed to Winne- bago county, Illinois, when nine years of age, where she was reared and educated. She is a daughter of John and Claris^a (Woodward) Watson. The father died in Sac county, Iowa, and the mother died in Ogle county, Illinois, May 10, 1874 They reared a fam- ily of live children, three sons and two daugh- ters. Mr. and Mrs. Graves are the parents of six children: Clara, Guy, Perry, Anna, Paul and Roger. Our subject takes an active part in the Republican party and has served in an official capacity many times in this 466 BIOGHAPHIVAL HISTORY OF township, lie ia one of the well-known rep resentative and hospitable citizens of Wall Lake township, and lias the faculty of making all feci at home that visit Lakewood. | N i ( )( ■ 1 1 MAT LACK, a farmer of section 32, Logan township, Wa county, was born in Delaware county, Pennsylvania, February 17,1825, a son of Reuben and Orpha [Thomas) Matlack, natives also of that county. The father was a cabinet-maker by trade, later a fanner; in an early day he went to Chester county, Pennsylvania, afterward went South, where he died many years ago. The mother died at Ilarrislmrg. Pennsylvania, in lN5b\ Mr. Matlack's ancestors were all Quakers, and came to this country with Will- iam Penn. They brought over a clock which is now in the possession of the subject of this sketch, and is still in running order; it bears the name of Mr. Matlack's grandfather across the face. General Scott was a relative of the family. On the father's side the family was of English descent, and settled in Pennsyl- vania in the days of William Penn. On the mother's side the family are of Welsh de- scent. Mr. and Mrs. Reuben Matlack had eight children, two now living: Enoch and [saiah Jackson, of Ida county. Enoch Matlack, the eldest child, was reared and educated in Chester county, Pennsyl- vania, where he also learned the trade of a tanner, following the same at rJumraelstown, that State. He was next engaged in the grocery business at Ilarrislmrg two yeais, and then, in 1ST'- 1 , purchased his present farm of L60 acres in Logan township, Ida county, Lowa. lb' has since improved his place. erected a g lone and a hall' story residence, 12 feet, :i tine barn. IS \ 30 feet, and has all other necessary farm improvements. Mr. Matlack's farm is well watered and adapted for stock-raising, in which he is extensively engaged. He takes an active interest in poli- tics, voting first with the Whig party, and has been identified with the Republican party since its organization. Our subject was first married at Middle town, Pennsylvania, in 1851, to Sophia B. Rife, a native of that State, and a daughter of Jacob and Mary (Bombarger) Rife, natives also of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. To this union was born nine children, five now living: Jacob, married and resides in Logan township. He and his wife, Mary, have nine children: Clara V., Walter II.. Sophia R., George K.. Jennie L., Franklin P.. Ralph Iv. .Jacob P., Mary A. anddioscoe E. ; .Joseph, unmarried, lives in Ida county; Walter, at home; Mary, at home; and Clara, 'wife of Samuel Long, of York, Pennsylvania. Mr. Matlack was again married, at Ilarrisburg. Pennsylvania, in 1871, to Mrs. Sarah A. Ives- ler, nee Franer, who was born in that State. Her death occurred at Harrisburg in 1880. Mr. Matlack takes an active interest in church work. He has witnessed nearly the full growth of Logan township, and has always been one of its honored and respected citizens. LLLIAM CRAKES, a farmer of sec- tion 34, Crawford county. vva~ horn in Yorkshire, England, in 1825. a son of Francis and Martha (Watson) Crakes, also native- of that place. In ls31 the par cuts emigrated from Hull. England, to Que- bec, having been five weeks in making the journey. The lather, a farmer by occupation. opened up 100 acre.- of land in New York. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 467 where he remained until 1837, and then fol- lowed the same occupation in Huntington county, Indiana. He died in that county in 1838, and the mother survived him until 1885, dying in St. Joseph county, Indiana. Of their family, four children still survive, namely: Francis, of Van Buren county, Mich- igan; Thomas, a member of the Forty-eighth Indiana Infantry during the war, is now en- gaged in sawmilling in St. Joseph county; George, who joined the Fifteenth Indiana Infantry, was wounded at Lookout Mountain, and still resides in Indiana; and William, our subject. The latter was reared in New York and Indiana, was educated in the latter State, where he aided in clearing up a timber farm. In 1856 he began farming in Van Buren county, Michigan. In 1864 he enlisted in Company M, Third Michigan Cavalry, for three years, served in the Seventh Corps, under General Canby, in the Array of the Gulf, and was engaged in garrison duty. Mr. Crakes was honorably discharged at San An- tonio, Texas, in 1866, after which he resumed farming in Van Buren county, Michigan. Iu 1878 he opened up a farm of 120 acres in Shelby county, Iowa, to which he added from time to time until he owned. 240 acres. In 1887 our subject purchased eighty acres of land in Crawford county, which he improved, and where he erected a good two story and a half residence. lie takes an active interest in politics, voting with the Republican party, and has served, as Township Trustee and a member of the School Board. Mr. Crakes was married in Van Buren county, Michigan, in 1859, to Phoebe Welch, a native of New York, and a daughter of Moses and Melvina (Bennett) Welch, natives also of that State. The parents made Van Buren county, Michigan, their home for many years, where they were among the early pioneers. Our subject and wife have had twelve children, three of whom died in in- fancy. Those living are: Cassius, of Oregon ; Thomas, a stock-raiser, of Dakota; Dora, wife of William Hamer, of this township; Ella, wife of Echelas Tillet, a teacher of Washing- ton township, Crawford county; Phoabe M., who has been a successful teacher in this county for five years; William, Robert, Arminda and Emma. Mr. and Mrs. Crakes are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the former also affiliates with J. R. Slack Post, G. A. R., at Irwin. — ^*^^»>"«*— fP. KKUSER, one of the representative citizens of Wall Lake township, Sac 31 county, Iowa, resides on a farm of 120 acres in section 20. Having been identified with the interests of this place since 1876, he is well known here, and is entitled to some personal consideration on the pages of this work. Mr. Kruser was born in Sleswick, Ger- many, then a part of Denmark, May 10, 1851, son of Peter P. and Mettie Kruser, natives of Denmark. His mother is deceased. Until he was twenty his life was spent on a farm in his native land. In 1871 he turned his face toward America, and in due time landed in Baltimore, Maryland. Seven months later he came West to Sabula, Jackson county, Iowa, and the following year was employed in railroad work. Then he engaged in farm- ing in Clinton county. In 1876 he came to Sac county, and for a few years farmed on rented land in Clinton township. After that he bought land in section 20, Wall Lake township, and has since devoled his attention to the cultivation and improvement of this 4H8 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF properly. Eehasa nice cottage borne, 22 s .'I feet; his bam is 40x40 feet, and he baa a nice grove ami orchard, lie raises grain and keeps a dairy, milking an average of ten cows. Mr. Kruser was married in Sac county, [owa, in 1877, to Miss Emma Goodenow, who received her birth and education in Clin- ton county, this State, and who is a daughter of James B. and Elizabeth (Ogden) Goode- now, natives of New Fork and Ohio, respect- ively. Her father died in Clinton county, Iowa. Iler mother resides in Sac county, making her home with her daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Kruser have one child, Anna Eliz- abeth, horn October 7, 1888. Mr. Kruser affiliates with the Republican party. He was elected Township Trustee in 1802, has served as Koad Supervisor, and is at this time President of the School Board. lie is a member of the Lutheran Church, while Mrs. Kruser is a Methodist. Mr. Kruser is practically a self-made man, having accumulated what he has by his own energy and wood management. JAMES J. ROGERS, a well-known and respected farmer residing near Holstein in Battle township, Ida county, lowa, has been identified with the interests of this place since 1884. Mr. Rogers is a native of Muskingum county, Ohio, born December 21, 1835, a son of one of the prominent pioneers of eastern [owa. Henry Rogers, his father, was born in Pennsylvania, son of Robert Rodman Rogers, a Pennsylvania!! by birth, and when he wasa young man went to Ohio, when- be was married to Fannie Bixler, a native of that State. In 1S30 they came West as Ear as Illinois, and two years later came to the Territory of lowa. locating in Linn county in 1838, when there were twenty Indians there to every white man. The father settled in Putnam township, where he improved a farm and spent the rest of his life. From his primitive cabin home hospitality was extended to all. He was a Deacon in the Baptist Church, and heand his good wife were known far and wide not only for their hospitality but also for their Christian character. Their home was headquarters for the traveling pio- neer preachers. Politically. Mr. Rogers was a Republican. He died on his farm in Linn county, and his wife passed away in Lenox, lowa. They had five sons and four daugh- ters, namely: Mary Thompson, Boone county, Iowa; Robert, Lenox, Iowa; J. J., the subject of this article; William D., Greenfield, Iowa; Elizabeth Miller, Battle township, Ida coun- ty; Eraaretta Clark, Benton county, Iowa; and Semantha A., wife of C. B. Conover, Battle township, Ida county. John J., being reared on a pioneer farm, was early inured to hard work, spliting rails, etc., and as he grew up had instilled into him the fact that honesty, industry and economy form the basis of all true success. His lim- ited education was received in a losi school- house, built, with puncheon floor and slab seats He remained in Linn county, en- gaged in farming, until 18s;5, when he came to Ida county. The following year he settled at his present location. He now owns a tine farm of 400 acre-, extending a mile and a half east and west, and all nicely improved. His two-story residence, 10x24 feet, with an L, 18x 20 feet, is beautifully located and well furnished. Ee has a live-acre grove of forest trees and an orchard and plenty of small fruits. Bis barn is 30 x 42 feet. <%^£> General Famsworth's regiment, and took an active part in the battles fought by his com- mand. After the close of his time of enlist- ment he re-enlisted, and was with this regi- ment until the close of the struggle. Mr. Maynard then returned to Kane county, but in 1866 removed to the far West, having been engaged in freighting miner's supplies in Colorado, Wyoming, Utah and New Mex- ico. In 1870 he came to Crawford county, Iowa, rented land for a few years, and then bought eighty acres of his present farm. He now owns 760 acres of good land, 400 acres of which is in one body, and where he has a fine dwelling, 16 x 24 feet, two stories high, with an L, 14 x 22 feet. He is an extensive cattle-breeder, and has one of the best regu- lated farms in the county. Mr. Maynard was married, in 1871, to Miss Elizabeth Trinkle, a daughter of Alec and Margaret Trinkle. The father, a prominent old settler of this county, now resides at Lake View. Our subject and wife have had five children: Maggie, $ successful and popular teacher; Charles, Maud, Etta and Grace. They lost three children by death: Alec in his fourth year, Ed in his second year, and James when a babe. Mr. Mayuard is a Re- publican in his political views; and socially, is a member of the Masonic order of Vail, No. 422. He is yet in the prime of life, frank and jovial in his manner, and is popu- lar with all who know him. gSON. EUGENE CRISS, a well-known and highly respected resident of Sac City, Iowa, an early settler of the State, and a prominent figure in important affairs 470 BIOGRAPHICAL HIBTORT OF relating to its welfare, was born in Preston county, West Virginia, July 27, L822. His parents were Michael and Maria (Armstrong) Oriss, the Former born in Virginia and the latter in the north of Ireland. The father was a zealous Methodist Episcopal minister. a devoted laborer in the oanse of religious enlightenment. The mother was reared, edu- cated and married in Philadelphia, whither she accompanied her parents from Ireland when she was three years of age. Judge Oriss was educated in the common schools of .Maryland, and began life for him- self when quite young bj farming. In 1844 he followed other pioneers to the West, set- tling in Galena, [llinois, where for abont five years he worked in the lead mines. Alter this he rented some land, on which he again engaged in farming, following this occupa- tion for two years, lie then engaged in the mercantile business in Shnllsburg, Wisconsin, but, constantly hearing favorable reports of Iowa, he conceived an ardent desire to visit the countryand decide on its merits for him- self. Accordingly he loaded a wagon with dry g 1- and Parted on his journey. After four mouths 1 travel he 8 topped, in August, where Sac City now stands, after hav- ing traveled through more than sixty coun- ties of the State. Here he decided to build a sawmill and make of it the county seat. Ee erected the" firsl building on the present site of Sac City, a log structure, 16x20 feet, with clapboard roof, the windows and doors for which he hauled from Dubuque, Iowa, a distance of 270 miles. He shortly afterward pre-empted a claim of 1<>0 acres, continuing to add to his landed possessions until he now iwns 1,500 acres of as choice land as is to be f id in the State. He is energetic, indus- trious and persevering, to which qualities may be assigned his continued prosperity, although the country itself offered marvelous opportunities Eor any young man of ambition to gain a suhstantial foothold. He was one of five men that entered the land that Sac City now occupies. This was done in 1^57 before the land was in market, lie also donated the land for the tirst cemetery, re- serving a family lot, which at this date, 1893, has not received an occupant. He was the first fur-buyer north of Des Moines, at which business he was extensively engaged for a number of years, also trading largely with the Indians. He was one of the organizers of the First National Bank of Sac City, of which he was one of the first directors and the first vice-president, which posi- tion he now occupies. He has been an ex- tensive traveler, has y sited twenty-eight States and four Territories, but has settled down to the conclusion that "Sac county is the garden spot of the land." He has been a life-long Republican, com- ing over from the old Whig party. He has filled various offices of honor and trust in the gift of the people, having been Provost Mar- shal during the war, and was County Super- visor for a number of years, besides having creditably filled many minor offices. lie served one term as County Judge, and repre- sented his district in the Legislature, the dis- trict at that time com prising the entire north- western portion of the State He was married March '.', 1843, to Miss Frances Hall, of Preston county. West Vir- ginia. They have six children: Mary .lane, wife of W. J. Wine, a respected resident of Sac City; .lames S., a prosperous merchant, also of Sac City: Helen 1'.., wife of Levi Davis, residing in Montana; Nancy Kmeline. married to Robert Lamoreux; William, also of Sac City; and Lola, married to Dolpfa r.eimer. CHAW FORD, J DA AND SAC COUNTIES. 471 As husband and father, private citizen and public man, his actions have ever been char- acterized bj the same excellent judgment, thorough integrity and pleasing affability, exciting the respect and esteem of all who know him. * > fRANK KENNEDY, Township Clerk of Blaine township, Ida county, was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, in 1861, a son of William T. and Mary (Bow- man) Kennedy, natives also of that county. The father, a blacksmith by trade, died in his native place in 1863, and the mother sur- vived him until 1882. They were the parents of six children: William T., resides in Cali- fornia; Jesse B., engaged in railroad work in York county, Pennsylvania; Rebecca, wife of J. C. Gates, of Cumberland county, Pennsyl- vania; Jennie, widow of George Wolf, and a resident of that county; Alice, wife of Eman- uel Jumper, of Cumberland county; and Frank, our subject. The latter was educated in the schools of Chnrchtown, Pennsylvania, also attending Greason Academy several terms. In 1879 he came to Ida county, Iowa, and began opening a farm in Grant township. He was also connected with the schools of Grant and Hayes townships several winters, and in 1885 purchased eighty acres of raw land on section 17, Blaine township, which is now under a fine state of cultivation. He erected a one and a half story residence, and has all other necessary farm improvements. Mr. Ken- nedy is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, and also takes an active inter- est in politics, casting his vote with the Re- publican party. Since 1888 he has held the position of Township Clerk, and has also served as a member of the School Board. So- cially, he is a member of the Modern Wood- men of America, and Independent Order of Odd Fellews. In 1883, in Blaine township, our subject married Anna M. Boyer, a native of Lancas- ter county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of 1. E. and Anna (Hartman) Boyer, also na- tives of that county. The father was a minis- ter in the Church of God, was connected with church work in Illinois, and both he and his wife now resides in Ida Grove, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy have had four children, three now living: Allen. Merle and Frank, Mr. Kennedy is numbered among the early pioneers of Ida county, and has always been active in promoting its best interests. +£ > ^jiFOB FRANCIS, a prominent farmer audi M\\ stock-raiser, residing on section 27, ^C Galva township, is one of the oldest settlers in the township. He is a native of the mother country, having been born in Lincolnshire, England. In the year 1851, our subject left his native land, crossed the ocean and settled in New Jersey, where he remained for three years and then came to Illinois. Later he' removed to Linn county. Not content with this State his adventuresome spirit led him across the Rocky mountains and he made Utah his home for four years, when he returned to Iowa, settled in Ida county, in 1872, purchased a farm and began to improve the partly cultivated acres. He now owns one of the best improved farms in the township, having two nice, large farm houses, a good barn and numerous outbuild- ings. His velvety lawn is dotted with orna- mental trees and surrounded with a beautiful iron fence. On the west of his substantial 472 r.i(i:;i;.\fllivM. ///.stoat OF home Btands an inviting grove, whose cool shade proves irresistible on a warm summer day. Our subject was married in England to Miss JaneCumbenvorth, a native! of the Bame country as her husband, and she lias borne him ten children, as follows: Emma, wife of II. 2. he en- listed in Company G, Twenty-seveuth Iowa Infantry, under General A. J. Smith, and served in Tennessee and Mississippi, tie was honorably discharged at Clinton. Iowa, in August, 18l!5, after which he resumed fanning in Butler county, Iowa. In 1876 he purchased ninety seven ac$es of wild land in Wall Lake township, Sac county, now well improved, and where he has a good residence, 20 x 21 feet and a barn, 20 x 24 feet. He also has a beautiful grove and orchard of three acres. December 3, 1868, in Butler county, Iowa, our subject was united in marriage with Miss Fannie P. Bromley, a native of Esses county. New York, and daughter of Charles and S. L. (Woodruff) Bromley, natives of New York. The parents reared a family of nine chilren, three bods and six daughters. The sons took part in the late war, C. T . a member of the Eighty-eighth Illinois Infantry, resides in Butler county, Iowa; A. C, in the Twenty- second New York Infantry, is engaged in the pension office at Washington, District of Col- umbia; and S. ({., in the Ninety-sixth New York, died In Butler county, Iowa. December 15, 1870. The mother died March Ll,1870, and the father departed this life at Sac City. Iowa, September 20, L883, aged eighty years. The father was a mill-sawyer and farmer, a Republican in his political views, and a mem,- CRAWFORD, IDA AND 8AC COUNTIES. 473 ber of the Baptist Church. The mother was a member of the Methodist Church. Mrs. Hovey was educated in her native place, where she was connected with the schools as teacher for thirteen years. She was also a teacher in the Cook county, Illinois, schools from 1863 to 1866, and also taught in Butler and Sac counties, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Hovey are members of the Methodist Church. The former affiliates with the Republican party, and socially, is a member of William T. Sherman Post, No. 284, of Sac City. He is one of the well-known and honored citizens of Wall Lake township. • fM. CARTER, resides in Cedar town- ship, on section 20, with post office ac- ® commodations at Sac City. He is a prominent resident of the county and an ex- soldier. He came here in 1883, buying a farm of Studebaker Brothers, of South Bend, Indiana, which he has so improved that now he has a choice piece of land. The tract con- tains 240 acres, and is very fertile and well located, 5 acres of which is an artificial grove and orchard. Our subject was born in Cedar township, Van Buren county, Iowa, September 4, 1843, a son of Samuel Carter, who came to the Ter- ritory of Iowa in 1835 with his brother, Robert Carter, an early pioneer. The father of our subject married Rebecca Ann Watson in Van Buren county, and they reared four sons and four daughters, as follows: J. M. ; Elizabeth E., the wife of Frank Pontius; Robert lives in Council Bluffs; N. H. lives in Idaho; Nancy Olsen lives in Sac county; Katie Elliott lives in Story county; J. H. is a resident of Idaho; and Annie M. Craig, of Boone county, Iowa. The parents are both yet living, the father at the age of seventy- three and the mother at the age of sixty-nine. By occupation the father was a farmer. Po- litically, he was a Democrat, but a strong Re- publican from the founding of the party; and religiously, is connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject was reared on the old pioneer farm, and received his education in the com- mon schools. During the war he enlisted in the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry Volunteer, Company F, under Colonel William T. Shaw, of Auamosa, Iowa, and the captain was J. H. Newbold. Mr. Carter saw much hard serv- ice and was at the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and Pleasant Hill. At the latter place he was wounded in the leg, and later, was again under fire at Old Oaks, Louisiana, and Yellow Bayou. He was taken prisoner at Shiloh, and was in the following prisons: Memphis icehouse; Cahaba warehouse; Mo- bile cotton sheds and Macon (Georgia) Fair- ground; from there to Chattanooga; thence to Hunts ville; from there to Nashville and back to Cairo, Illinois, where he arrived July 2, 1862. On May 18, 1864, he was wounded between the shoulders by a piece of a shell, and was confined to the hospital in Jefferson barracks for some time. He was honorably discharged at Keokuk, Iowa, and returned home in 1865, to Van Buren county, Iowa, later going to Polk county, where he made his home until 1883, when he came to Sac county and took his present farm. This farm is one of the pleasant homes of the county. The res-idence is a most com- modious Iowa farm house, two stories in height, 16 x 24 feet, with porch and bay window, and an L of one story and a half, 16 x 22 feet. There is a fine yard and lawn, with a grove and a five-acre orchard. His J barn is a strong and commodious one, with 474 BIOGRAPHICAL Illsm/tr UP 12 foot posts, 22 x 52 feet, ami he has cattle sheds, yards and feed-lots. As he lias on his place, wells, springs and creeks, he engages in stock-raising and farming. Our subject was married at the age of twenty four, in Polk county, Iowa, to Miss -Mary A. Cross, who was born in Delaware county, Ohio, a daughter of David H. Cross and Lydia Blaine, who was a relative of James (i. Blaine. They live in Polk county. Iowa. The father was a soldier in the Thirty-first Ohio Infantry. Two of the brothers of Mrs. Carter were in the army, Charles W., in the Thirty-first Ohio Infantry, and was killed at Decatur, Alabama; and Jacob, who served in ail I >hio regiment. Our subject and wife have a family of four children, as follows: Barbara, the wife of A. E. Webb, of Cedar township ; Emma J., the wife of A. L. Money, of Cedar township; Clinton M. and Homer C, both at home. Clinton, as the son of a veteran is a member of Custer Camp No. 40. Politically, our subject is a Republican, and is a member of the G. A. It, William T.Sherman Post, 284. He isa good and popular man, much esteemed by all with whom he has business or social relation-.. -^iSlSl/l,- ■1/inn^- fOHN N. BUTLEK, residing on a farm near Lake View, in Coon Valley town- ship, Sac county. Iowa, is another one of the representative men of this township, and is properly classed with its pioneers, he hav- ing settled here in 1876. Mr. Butler was born in Indiana, June 29, L835, son of John and Margaret (Pratt) Bui ler, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Ohio. His grandfather was George Benjamin Butler. John Butler died in Ar- kansas at the age of forty-nine years, and his wife in Polk county, Iowa, in 1876, aged seventy-one. They reared a family of eight children, four sons and four daughters. Tin- sons all served in the late war, namely: Ben- jamin, wdio was in the Eleventh Missouri Cavalry, is now a resident of Woodbury county, Iowa; John N., whose name appears at the head of this article; Thomas A., who was a member of the Eleventh Missouri Cavalry-, died in 1867; C. A., who was in the Third Iowa Infantry, is now a resident of Woodbury county, Iowa. John N. Butler came to Iowa in 1860, lo- cated in Polk county and engaged in farm- ing, to which occupation he had been reared. In 1861 he enlisted in Company D, Second Iowa Cavalry, and was ii> the service four years, seven months and eight days. He par- ticipated in seventy-six engagements, among which were Shiloh, Corinth and South Mount- ain. He was wounded with grape-shot on the left foot and instep; was mustered out of the service at Selma. After the war Mr. Butler located near Maryville, in Nodaway county, Missouri, from there comincr to Iowa, first settling in Polk county and afterward in Dallas county. In 1876 he came to Sac county and took up his abode in Coon Valley township. Here he owns 175 acres of land, used chiefly as a stock-farm. His house, a story and a half, is 14 x 22 feet, with an L, 14x22 feet, and is beautifully located on a natural building site. He has two barns, one 46 x 40 feet, and the other, 28x40 feet, and his crib and granary is 32 \ 24 feet. Among his other improvements are a good grove and orchard. Mr. Butler was married at Des Moines, Iowa, in 1864, to Miss Artimitia Hayden, wdio was reared and educated at that place. She was bom in Dane county, Wisconsin, daughter of CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 475 Solomon and Louisa (Moses) Hayden. Her father was born in Ohio, and is now a resi- dent of Cherokee county, Iowa. Her mother died in Jones county, this State. Mr. and Mrs. Butler have had seven children, namely: Margaret Louisa; Ella, wife of J. J. Warring- ton; Benjamin C; Mary F: John R. ; James Wylie; and Allen, who died in infancy. Politically, Mr. Butler is identified with the Democratic party. He has served the public as Township Trustee and as a member of the School Board. He is a member of William T. Sherman Post, No. 284, G. A. It., of which he is Junior Vice. He also has a membership in the I. O. O. F., No. 302, Lake View. Both he and his wife are Baptists. fAMES ANDERSON, of section 21, Sil- ver Creek township, is a wealthy farmer and stock-raiser of this section of coun- try. The Emerald Isle, so dear to her sons and daughters, claims him as a native, he having been born there November 12, 1838, in Tyrone county. Mr. Anderson is the oldest of eight chil- dren born to Thomas and Phoebe (Cook) An- derson, also natives of Ireland, where both died, the father in 1840, the mother in 1838. This family is of Scotch descent, as well as Irish, so that Mr. Anderson has mingled in his veins the blood of those two nations, which are noted for so many good traits of charac- ter. Our subject was reared and educated in the common schools of Ireland, coming to America in 1871. His first location upon com- ing Westwas in Delaware county, Iowa, where he remained five years and then came to Ida county, where he has since made his home, living upon the same farm he settled upon, when he located in this county. The first purchase made by our subject consisted of 160 acres, to which he has added from time to time, improving the land constantly, until he now has one of the finest farms in the county, consisting of a section (640 acres) of land. On this land Mr. Anderson has built a fine residence and various outbuildings. Surrounding the residence is a beautiful grove. The farm is watered by a branch of Silver creek, which runs through the section. To Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have been born four children, namely: Margaretta Jane, now Mrs. Robert Hall, a resident of the same township; Mary, now Mrs. Robert Lipton, also a resident of the same township; Will- iam James and Thomas Andrew, both at home. Mr. Anderson was the first of his family to come to America, and during his residence in this country has gained the re- spect of all who become acquainted with him in every place he chanced to be. +£-^ > EORGE HARVEY, veterinary surgeon, Ida Grove, Iowa, has been a resident of Ida county since the spring of 1872. He was born in Ohio, and was reared on a farm and in the lead mines of Green county, Wisconsin. His parents, James and Polly (Lathrop) Harvey, were natives of Vermont and Ohio, respectively. In 1859 the subject of our sketch came to Iowa and located in Scott county, being at that place when the war broke out. He en- listed in September, 1862, in Company C, Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and served until the war ended, being mustered out of the ranks at Mobile, Alabama, August 15, 1865, and out of the State service later in that same year. He participated in numerous battles and skirmishes, and was on a forced 470 lilncRARlllCAL HISTORY OF march for almost a year, At Fayetteville Arkansas, lie was captured, was taken out oi t lit- hospital, and was held a prisoner six weeks. Almost ii physical wreck at the close of the war, he returned to Scott county, and from there subsequently moved to Jasper county. Iowa. In 1872 he came to Ida county and purchased sixty acres of wild land, upon which he spent two years, erecting buildings, cultivating the soil, etc., and in the meantime bought eighty acres more. In 1874, on account of failing health, he sold out and sought a change of occupation. Pre- vious to this he had given some attention to the care and treatment of stock, and since 1874 he has been practicing as a veterinary Burgeon, having established an infirmary for sick and lame animals. Dr. Harvey located in Ida Grove in 1890, and during the two years he has been here has worked up a good busi- ness. His infirmary has accommodations for fifteen horses. He was married in 1870 to Miss Caroline Mc( 'nllough. a native of Iowa. They have a son, Harry. Dr. Harvey and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is a member of the G. A. It., Matthew ( .ray Post. -^v-< — inns^- R. WILLIAM WARREN, an early pio- neer of Boyer Valley township, dates his settlement in the township iu July, 1870. He was born at Rutland county, Vermont, December 29, }817, a son of Seth Warren, a native of Vermont, a second cousin of Gen- eral Warren, killed at Bunker Hill. The family is an old one, and is prominently identified with the early history of the coun- try. They figured in the historical tea party during the colonial days. The mother of our subject was Jerusha Churchill, born in Ver- mont, daughter of Seth Churchill, a ual i\ b el' Vermont, a soldier in the war of 1*12. She died in Niagara county. New York, in her 101st year. The Chmehills are also old New England people, dating back to colonial times. Our subject was thirteen years old when the Family moved to Genesee county. New 'l ork. remained two years, and then removed to Orleans county, New York, after which the parents went to Niagara' county New York. where the father died in his eighty-fifth year. He was a farmer, and also operated sawmills. In politics he was a Jackson Democrat, later becoming a Whig. In 1857 our subject removed to Dane county, Wisconsin, where he remained some three or four years, then went to Dodge county, Wisconsin, locating at Portland, then a flourishing hamlet. In 1*71) Mr. Warren transferred his interests to Sac county, Iowa, locating in Boyer Valley township. Every- thing was wild when Mr. Warren came to the county, but he has improved his property, and now has a nice one and one-half story house, HI. x 20 feet, with an L of the same height, 14 x 16 feet, which takes the place of the little house, 14 x 20, in which the family first resided, and which is now used as a kitchen. His large orchard of nine or ten acres, has all kinds of fruits, while the grove on the property offers grateful shade in summer, and protection in the winter. The large barn has the following dimensions, 50x60 feet, while a second one is 20 x 24 feet. He also has all the necessary sheds, feed-lots and outbuild- ings for the conducting of a large farming business. The farm contains 320 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation. Our subject commenced the study of med- icine at the age of twenty-one in Niagara county. New York, at Somereet, reading ami CHAWFuliV, IDA AND SAU COUNTIES. 477 studying under Dr. Pratt, a well-known, leading and prominent physician of that place. Our subject practiced his profession for years in that place, also in Portland, Wisconsin, being one of the pioneer phy- sicians of the locality. The life of a phy- sician in those early days was not an easy one by any means, as their territory extended over a large space of country, and many were the long rides he had to take, often- times being called to Storm Lake, Ida Grove, and other points. Mr. "Warren was married at the : ge of twenty-one, in Niagara county, New York, to Melinda Jackson, who bore him six children, thrte of whom are living, namely: C. S., was a soldier in the late war, in the Eleventh Wis- consin Infantry; Mrs. Nancy Tracy, and An- drew. Mrs. Warren died, May 26, 1855, in Orleans county, New York. He was again married in Dane county, Wisconsin, to Miss Sarah Hazen, July 20, 1862 She was born in Bennington county, Vermont, but at the age of five was taken to Ohio, where she re- mained two years, when the family removed to Jefferson county, Wisconsin, subsequently settling in Dane county, Wisconsin, and moved to Sac county, Iowa, in 1872. The father, Josiah liazeu, was a native of Massa- chusetts, and a soldier in the Eleventh Wis- consin. The mother, Philura Canedy, was born in Vermont, and died at the age of seventy-four; her husband died four years previous to her death, at the age of seventy- nine. They had one son, Joseph Hazen, who was in a Minnesota regiment, and who died of small-pox. Mr. and Mrs. Warren, had eight children: Mrs. Minnie Gibbins; Lillie; Minor; Laura, now Mrs. Townsend of this county; Eldora and Mark, at school; and two who have died. Our subject takes an active interest in politics, having been suc- cessively a Whig, Republican and indepen- dent. He was elected County Coroner, but resigned his position. Since that time he has been a member of the School Board. He is a man who has always been identified on the side of justice, and is willing and ready to render hearty assistance to whatever prom- ises to elevate society, and benefit the town- ship and county. ■^SUlfls- -q/insi^- E. ALLEN, of Levey township, Sac county, Iowa, post office, Odebolt, widely and favorably known in this locality, where he has resided since 1873, was born in Clinton county, New York, An. gust 30, 1852. His parents, David and Sarah (Mills) Allen, were natives of New York State and New Hampshire, respectively, and were both descended from early settlers of the United States. They were pioneers of Illinois, whence they removed, in 1873, to Iowa. In the latter State the father bought of the Iowa Railroad Land Company 360 acres, on which the family settled, in all the isolation of an unbroken waste of prairie. Here they lived and toiled with all the untir- ing energy and determined perseverance of the hardy pioneer, gradually making for themselves a comfurtable and pleasant home. Here the father died in 1888, while the mother, who still survives, resides with her children in this county. Mr. Allen, whose name heads this sketch, was quite young when his parents re- moved to Illinois, where he was reared and educated. In 1873 he accompanied the fam- ily to this State, and experienced with them the hardships of pioneer life. He has many anecdotes to relate of those early days, all of which are interesting, and many of them 478 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF thrilling. The howl of wolves at night fre- quenth aroused them to the protection of themselves and stuck, while prairie fires, so destructive in their effects, were a continual source of alarm, (tame was plentiful, such as deer, wild geese, duck and prairie chicken, while the streams were full of fish. Mr. Allen was much given to hunting deer, and brought Inline many prizes from his expedi- tions. Although he is still a young man, he has a thorough knowledge of frontier life, having been a pioneer in two States. He was married December 24, 1876, to Miss Jennie E. Bartlett, an intelligent lady, daughter of Ichabod and Mary (Frick) Bart- lett, natives of New York State and Pennsyl- vania, respectively- They have seven chil- dren: David, Edson, George, Jesse, Olive, ( !arl and Ella. Politically, Mr. Allen is a Republican, al- though not active in public affairs. As a a citizen, he enjoys the merited esteem of the entire community. S. WARUEX.a farmer of Garfield town- ship, section 17, was born in Whiteside I* county, Illinois, near Erie, April 26, 185iS, a son of Lyman Warren, a native of New York. The latter's father, Mussel Warren, was a soldier in the war of 1812.- The mother of our subject, nee Sarah Palmer, is a daughter of Wilkinson Palmer, a native of Canada, but now a resident of Battle Creek, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Warren were the par- ents of nine children. The father was a farmer by occupation, and was a Steward in the United Brethren Church. ('. S. Warren, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Whiteside county, Illinois. In I s?H he settled on wild land in Garfield town ship, Ida county, Iowa, which he improved, and now owns 240 acres of fine land. He has a good one and a half story residence, 14x20 feet; a good barn, 16x32 feet; a windmill, stock scales, and other necessary farm improvements. In his political views he votes with the Republican party, and re- ligiously both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Dan bury, of which he is Superintendent of a Sunday- school on the Danbury circuit. Mr. Warren was married in 1875 to Miss Olive Copeland, who was born near Geneseo, Henry county, Illinois, but educated in Sion\ City, Iowa. She was a successful teacher in Ida and Woodbury counties, Iowa, before her marriage. Her father, Azrow Copeland, died in 1889. lie was a farmer by occupation, a Republican in his political views, and a member of the Methodist Church. During the late war he was a member of the Eighty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was wounded at Chickainanga. from the results of which he finally died. The mother of Mrs. Warren now resides at Mapleton, Monona county, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Cope- land reared a family of eight children, three sons and five daughters, only two of the latter attaining womanhood. Mr. and Mrs. Warren are the parents of six children: Edith May, Perry F., Jesse C, Willis C, Walter M.; and Mi nard, deceased in infancy. Mr. Warren is an active and earnest worker in Garfield township, Ida county. •**•§* IEOKGE W. BINNALL, who resides on an eighty-acre farm in section 7, I'm ion township, Crawford county, Iowa, his pest office address being Dow City, has long been identified with the farming and CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 479 stock interests of this part of the country, and is well known as an enterprising man. Mr. Binnall was born in St. Louis, Missouri, July 2, 1849, son of Thomas and Susan Bin- nall, natives of England. His parents came to the United States in 1847, the following year located in St. Louis, Missouri, and in 1849 came to Iowa, first locating in Pot- tawattamie county near where Crescent now stands. From there the father moved to a place near old Shelby ville, the first county seat of Shelby county, and in 1862 moved to Crawford county. He was one of the ear- liest settlers of this county, improved a large farm here, and was extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising for many years. He took special interest in the breeding of fine horses, in which he was very successful. He now has his farm rented and lives in Dun- lap, retired from active life. George W. was a lad of thirteen when the family moved to this county, and here he was reared and educated. When he was twenty- two he married Miss Lydia Butler, daughter of Thomas Butler. Her father was all through the late war, and in that service lost an arm. He died in 1889. Mrs. Binnall was born near Linneus, Missouri, and was reared and edu- cated in the South. They have four chil- dren: Jennie, wife of Stuart Grace, Union township, this county; Frank, Albert and George, Jr. Mr. Binnall has resided on his present farm for the past nine years. This place is well improved and kept in the best of order, and he is ranked with the number one farmers of the county. He has made a specialty of raising fine horses, and now has some choice stock on his farm, some of which are "International" colts, noted for their beauty of style and ac- tion. " International " is a horse of national reputation. In 1882 he took the first prize at the St. Louis Fair, over horses from ten different States. He was bred at Meadow's farm, Carlin ville, Illinois, and is now owned by Thomas Binnall, of Dunlap, Iowa. Our subject also has a colt of great promise, sired by that noted horse, King of the West. Mr. Binnall is an excellent judge of horses, and spares no time or expense to procure the best breeds. In all his business transactions he observes the strictest integrity, is intelligent, genial and jovial, and is regarded as one of the most substantial and reliable men of his community. ILLIAM G. DeVINE, a farmer of Wall Lake township, Sac county, was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, March 31, 1840, a son of Joseph DeVine, a native of Massachusetts. The latter's father, also named Joseph, was born in that State, of English ancestry. The mother of our subject, nee Caroline Thompson, a native of New Hampshire, was a daughter of Timothy Thompson, a native of New England. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph DeVine moved to Walworth, Wisconsin, in 1844, and one year later to Dane county, where they improved a farm. The mother died there in 1882, aged about sixty vears, and the father now makes his home with our subject, at the advanced age of eighty-three years. He followed the vocation of a farmer through life, was a Whig in his political views, having voted for Fremont in 1856, and is a member of the Baptist Church. The parents reared a family of twelve chil- dren, six sons and six daughters. Four of the sons were soldiers in the late war: Albert, a member of the Eighth Wisconsin Infantry, contracted typhoid fever in the army, and died at Sulphur Springs, Missouri; William G.,a 480 BIOGRAPHICAL 1IISTOHY OF member of the same company; Henry, who served with the United States Regulars, died on the Sunt hern coast; .lames, a member of the Thirty->eveiith Wisconsin Infantry, re- sides in Spink county, I Dakota. William G., the subject of this sketch, wafi four years of age when his parents moved to Wisconsin, where he was educated in the old log cabin school of that early day, and reared to farm life. In September, 1861, he enlisted in the late war, in the Eighth Wisconsin In- fantry, Eagle regiment, for three years, and took part in the battles of South Mountain, Jackson, Vicksburg, siege of Biloxi, Corinth, on the Red River expedition, Guntown, Mem- phis, and Hurricane Creek. Mr. De Vine was honorably discharged at Memphis, Tennessee, in September, 1804, and the following two years he spent in Dane county, Wisconsin. In 1867 he went to Crawford county, Kansas, remaining one year; was one year in Wiscon- sin, three years in Fayette county, Iowa; one year on Government land in Lincoln county, Kansas; three years in Tama county, Iowa; and in 1881 came to Sac county, Iowa. He located on 160 acres of wild land, which he has since improved, and where he has a good one and a half-story residence. 14x24 feet. He also has a fine grove and orchard of five acres, consisting of catalpa, maple, ash, cotton- wood, mulberry, willow and all kinds of small fruit. In October, 1864. in Dane county, Wis- consin, Mr. DeVine was united in marriage with Susan T. Bunton, a native of that county, and a daughter of Rev. Willis T. Bunton, one of the early pioneers of Dane county, locating there as earh as 1842. His death occurred in that county at the age of ninety-two years. Mrs. Bunton, nee Hila Paris, was born in Virginia, died in Fayette county, Iowa, aged sixty year6. They wire the parents of twelve children, seven soils and five daughters. Three of the sons took part in the late war: (ieorge, a member of the Third Iowa Infantry, now resides in Adams county, Nebraska, where he was among the early pioneers; Leondes, a mem- ber of the Thirty-eighth Iowa Infantry, re- sides in West Union, Fayette county, Iowa, here he was also an early settler; and Willis, in the United States Regulars, is a railroad engineer. Mr. and Mrs. DeVine have had three children: Hila II., wife of Samuel Phillips, of Wall Lake township, and they have two children, Edward and an infant son; Herman, born July 10, 1882; and Lola, de- ceased. Mr. DeVine is a Republican in his political views, and socially, is a member of William T. Sherman Post, JSU>. 284. He has always been identified with everything for the good of his county. £ ai-v-: *fr HOMAS S. BRANXAN. attorney-at- law, Ida Grove. Iowa, has been identi- fy lied with the legal profession for the past eight or nine years; he has been a resi- dent of [da county since 1879, and is de- serving of more than a passing notice on the pages of this book. Thomas S. Brannan was born in Keyesville, Clinton county, New York, August 15, 1839, and was 'cared in Canada East until he was fourteen years of Here. He is the son of dames and Esther Brannan, and is of Irish extraction; his lather and mother were born iu the North of Ireland, and came to Canada East about the year 1825. James Brannan was a trapper and guide for the Hudson's Bay Fur Com nany for a number of years in the North- west; in 1854 he came to Benton county, Iowa, being one of the first settlers of that CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 481 county; be subsequently moved to Cherokee county, Iowa, where he died in 1878, at the age of seventy-nine years. He was a Dunk- ard by faith for a number of years before his death. Our subject's mother was a daughter of Peter Maher and Esther Maher; the former was for a number of years a Lieutenant- Colonel in the British army, and was wounded while serving in India. James and Esther Brannan had eleven children, who are now scattered over various portions of the United States; and one, the last heard of, was on the west coast of Africa. Two of the boys, James I. and Edward, were killed by the Sioux Indians, in September, 1866; James I. on the Little Powder river, and Edward at Cimarron, New Mexico. Mr. Thomas S. Brannan attended paid school in his youth, but the chief portion of his edu- cation has been gained in the practical school of experience, and by close application to his studies at home. When he was seventeen years of age he went West with two brothers to the Territory of Kansas, which was at that time in the heat of the Kansas war, in which he took part, under James Lane, the Free State leader. After the close of the Kansas war, he, in 1858, enlisted and went to Salt Lake, to assist in quelling the Mor- mon outbreak, after which he employed his time in hunting and guiding trains and out- fits of gold-seekers across the plains to west- ern Kansas, or what is now called Colorado. In July, 1861, being in the State on a visit, he enlisted in Company C, Tenth Iowa Vol- unteer Infantry, and re-enlisted in the same company and regiment, in January, 1864, and served until the close of the war, and was mustered out of the service at Daven- port, Iowa. He was twice slightly wounded. Following are the battles in which he par- ticipated: Charleston, Missouri; New Madrid, Missouri; Siege of Corinth, Mississippi, Octo- ber 3 and 4; Yazoo Pass, Mississippi; Port Gibson, Mississippi; Raymond, Mississippi; Jackson, Mississippi; Champion Hills, Mis- sissippi; Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi; Decatur, Alabama; Missionary Pudge, Ten- nessee; Savannah, Georgia; Salkehatchie, North Carolina; North Edisto, Cox Bridge and Bentonville, besides many other small engagements, which did not amount to a general battle. Four hundred and fifteen of his regiment were killed and wounded, and 149 died of disease. After the close of the war, Mr. Brannan located in Johnson county, Iowa, where he engaged in contract- ing for masonry work; in 1868 he went to Benton county, and the following year to Cherokee county, where he owned a farm of 160 acres; he, however, devoted his time to his trade, that of mason, contracting and buildincr. He came to Ida Grove in 1879, and for a short time continued working at his trade; in 1883 he turned his attention to the law, and has since devoted himself to that profession, and was admitted to the practice of law by the Supreme Court of Iowa. While in Cherokee county, Mr. Brannan held the office of Justice of the Peace for a number of years, and while in Ida Grove held the same office for nine years. A stanch Republican and an active worker in the ranks of his party, he served as Chair- man of the Republican Central Committee in 1890 and 1891; for the past four years he has been Chairman of the Soldiers' Relief Commission of his county. He is a member of the G. A. R., Matthew Gray Post, No. 93, of which he is Past Commander; he has served in the various offices of the Post, and is now Quartermaster. He is also a member of Kane Lodge, No. 377, A. F. & A. M., of 4S2 HIOOHAI'HIi AL HISTORY OF which he is Past Master. Mr. Brannan was married at the close of the war, to Miss Rachael Tiser, a native of Ohio. They have had live children, of whom one died. Those living are, viz.: James E., Fort Omaha, Ne- braska, musician Second Infantry. United States Army; Emma E., wife of S. W. Iviuer, editor of the Ida County Watch; William F., a blacksmith and machinist; Agnes May, de- ceased; and Minnie E., at home with her parents. Mr. Brannan is at present Clerk of the District Court of Ida county, Iowa. 'g >< 3" " fRANK L. COX, of the firm of Frank L. Cox & Co., engaged in the real-estate, abstract, loan and insurance business, Ida Grove, Iowa, is one of the enterprising business men of the town, and although only a recent acquisition to the place, has thor- oughly identified himself with its best in- terests. The above mentioned business was estab- lished in Ida Grove, in 187(5, by Frank Burns, A. I.. Houser and Mat M. Gray, and during the years that followed several changes were made in the firm. The business finally passed into the hands of J. E. & W. C. Weaver, who were succeeded February 1, 1892, by Frank L. Cox & Co. They have tin only complete set of abstracts in the county that cover the county records prior to the bnrning of same in 1877. Mr. F. L. Cox is the abstractor for the concern, and has had a thorough training in the business. They do a general insurance business, and represent the following companies: The lli.nie, of New York; Queen of America; Springfield Fire and Marine; Traders', of Chicago; Hartford, of Hartford; Fire Asso- ciation, of Philadelphia; /Etna; Liverpool, London and Globe; Niagara, and Farmers", of Cedar Rapids. They handle realty and negotiate loans in all parts of the country. Inlying, selling and renting; and also do a general collecting business. Their business operations extend over the western part of this State and into Nebraska, covering about eleven counties in the two States. Mr. Cox, the head of this firm, has resided in Ida Grove since February, 1802. He is a native of Mittineague, Massachusetts, a suburb of Springfield. He was born .No- vember 13, 1859, son of Frank and Fannie F. (Gardiner) Cox. who were of Scotch-Irish and Yankee extraction. When Frank L. was nine years old the family moved to Des Moines, Iowa, and a year later located in ( a-ey, from where, after speikding one year, they moved to Atlantic. In 1879 he struck out in life for himself, and has traveled over a large part of this country, engaged as a civil engineer for various railroad companies. This business he followed some eight years. He was next engaged in the abstract, loan and real-estate business in Atlantic, Omaha and Sioux City. He is a pushing business man, and is thoroughly alive to the best in- terests of this country. In politics he affili- ates with the Republican party. Mr. Cox was married June 4, 1891, to Miss Clara M. Anderson, a native of Iowa. He is a nephew of the noted Palmer Cox, author of the "Brownies," and our subject himself is an adept at drawing, bis specialty being plats. He has made a tine plat of the city of Ida (irove. M. FYFE, one of the prominent residents of Douglas township, a '° homestead settler of Sac county, who came here in 1866 is the subject of the CRAWFORD IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 483 present sketch. He was born in Orleans comity, New York, September 27, 1834, a son of James Fyfe, a native of Vermont, who was in turn a son of John Fyfe who was a Revolutionary soldier, although he was born in Scotland. The mother of our subject was Electa (Sanford) Fyfe, a daughter of Reuben San- ford, a native of Vermont. In 1847 Mr. and Mrs. Fyfe moved to Sheboygan county, Wis- consin, and there the mother died at the age of fifty years and the father in 1863 at the age of sixty-nine. Our subject was reared ou a farm in Wisconsin and spent three win- ters in the woods at lumbering. He enlisted in 1861 in the Fourth Wisconsin Infantry, but later transferred to a cavalry regiment, and took part in the battles of Baton Rouge and Port Hudson. He was a member of the Department of the Gulf in Texas, and was wounded at Clinton, Louisiana, receiving a ball in the breast, which penetrated his body and came out of his back. He was for some time in a hospital and was finally discharged at Madison, Wisconsin, July 28, 1864, and in 1866 he came here as one of the first set- tlers. Our subject has a tine place within five miles of Newell. His first house was 12 x 20 feet and six feet high. His present house is a very comfortable one, 16 x 24, one and one half stories high with an L, 14x24, also one and one half stories. He has a magnificent grove of fifteen acres and an orchard of four acres. His barn is commodious, being 20 x 30 feet, and here are all the necessary buildings for the carrying on of a first-class farm. Mr. Fyfe has a fine body of clear water near his land, called lake Rush, although there are no rushes here, and there is plenty of fishing in this lake. He keeps a dairy of fifteen cows and on account of his fine location has suc- ceeded admirably with his cattle. He keeps the Polled-Angus breed and has conven- ed ient stock scales erected in his grounds with other conveniences. Mr. Fyfe was married March 4, 1866, to Miss Elizabeth Seekins, a daughter of Will- iam E. and Lydia A. (Knapp) Seekins, both natives of New York. The mother died in 1869 in Sac county. Our subject and wife have a family of five children: Jennie Horine, of Clay county, Iowa; Franklin M.; Celia E. ; William A., and James Dennis being the living ones, and Emma Dell died at the age of two and one half years; Ellen Lenora at the age of five years; Mary A. at the age of three years. In politics our subject is a Republican and has been Jus- tice of the Peace and Township Trustee. He is a member of G. A. R. Post, No. 416, of which he is a charter member. He is well-known and much respected in the com- munity. jjP^ H. ALLISON, the efficient and popu- (m) ' ar cashier of the First National Bank ^(|® of Sac City, Iowa, was born in Free- port, Illinois, March 5, 1854, son of Abraham and Fannie (Hogan) Allison, natives of the Keystone State. Mr. Allison was educated in the common schools of Vinton, Iowa, and worked on a farm until he was eighteen years of age. He was then occupied, first, at carpentry, and aft- erward in the lumber business, which latter employment be followed for seven years. In 1885 he removed to Sac City, and became cashier of the Citizens' Bank, which was in- corporated as a National bank in November, 1890, and the name c'ian ■' fj. McWILLIAMS, physician and sur- geon, Charter Oak, Iowa, was born in 9 Denison, Iowa, June 5, 1860, son of Dr. David McWilliams, one of the the pio- neers of this county. He was reared on the farm and attended the public schools until he was seventeen, at which time he entered high school. When he was nineteen he be- gan the study of medicine under the instruc- tion of his father. He subsequently attended Rush Medical College at Chicao-o, where he graduated with the class of 1882. After completing his medical course, Dr. McWilliams located in Denison and estab- lished himself in the practice of his profes- sion, remaining there until September, 1887. Since that date he has been identified with the interests of Charter Oak. He opened the 480 HlnaiiM'IUCAL HISTOHY OF Bret drug Btore here, being in partnership with his brother, and carrying a stock of goods worth $5,000. Bis ability as a phy- sician Boon brought him into prominence, and ere Long he had a large and lucrative practice, which now extends a distance of sixty miles. 1 1 « - makes a specialty of diseases of women. Dr. McWilliams is one of the leading Republicans of Crawford county. May 25, 1 ss9, lie received the appointment of Post- raaster at Charter Oak, which position he is still rillinir. eivintr entire satisfaction to all. lie is liberal and generous to a fault. Any measure or enterprise that has for its object the advancement of the best interests of his town is sure to find in him a hearty support- er. In 1890 he built one of the finest resi- dences in Charter Oak, at a cost of $.'{.. F. Lodge, No. 105, and K. of P., No. 221. fll. ROMA NS, the leading hardware mer- chant of Denison, Iowa, has been en- ° gaged in business in this city for the past twenty years. As one of the prominent men of the county, it is appropriate that more than a passing mention of him should be made in this work, Mr. Romans was born In Harrison county, Ohio, in 18-15, son of Elisha and Elizabeth (Knight | Romans, the former a native of Chester county, Pennsylvania, and the latter of Cecil county, Maryland; both came from old Quaker families. His parents moved from Ohio to Iowa in 185ii and Bettled in Clinton county. The father was in well-to- do circumstances at that time, but he 6old most of his property, arranging for the pay- ments to be made to correspond with his obligations on the farm he bought here. The panic of 1857 came on, these notes were not paid, and he was compelled to sacrifice his land in order to meet bis own obligations. He then rented a farm and started anew, but his death occurred in March of the following year, 1S5S; thus did bis family meet with a sadder blow than the loss of property. Mrs. Romans was left with a number of small children, the subject of our sketch being the oldest. He remained with his mother and aided in her support until he was twenty-six years of age. They purchased an eighty-acre farm in Clinton county, and there the mother passed the last years of her life. She died at Charter Oak, February 27, 1889. The other members of the family are as follows: Cath- arine, wife of George b\ Gaudie, of Denison; Ann, wife of E. V. Councilman, of Le Mars. Iowa; Hannah, wife of Charles I!. Eaton, of Manchester, Iowa; Lewis, Charter < )ak, Iowa; Hubert, Denison; and Eva. deceased. The untimely death of his father and their then reduced circumstances interfered with the education of our subject. After reaching manhood, however, he took a four years' course in the Iowa State Univereity. At the age of twenty six he was married in Denison to Miss Mary, daughter of lion. Henry O l.aub, and after his marriage spent one year on the farm with his mother. He then re- lumed to Denison, and for three years was employed in the mercantile establishment of II. C. Laub. At the end of that time he formed a partnership with Mr. Laub in the same business, and was associated with him CRAWFOHD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 4,87 until 1884. That year Mr. Laub was suc- ceeded by Mr. Romans' brother, R. A., who remained a member of the firm until 1890, since which time J. B. has been conducting o the business alone. He carries a $20,000 stock of hardware, farm implements, water- works supplies, etc., and his annual sales aggregate $90,000. He furnishes employ- ment to six persons all the time. He also owns an interest in a similar establishment at Charter Oak, Iowa, which has been conducted since 1888 under the firm name of Romans Bros. & Co. In connection with his other interests, Mr. Romans has been doing a real- estate business in Denison. He has built a number of dwelling houses and owns one of the finest residence properties in the city. Mr. and Mrs. Romans have three bright children: Maud, lone and J unia. Mrs. Romans isawomanof culture, and exceptional intelli- gence. She is active in the promotion of church interests. She is president of the Council Bluffs District of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, also district organizer, and ex- president of the Home Auxiliary. In politics he is a Republican. He is associated with the. A. F. & A. M. and with the K. of P., and both he and his wife are members of the. Methodist Episcopal Church. F. HAHN, a fanner and minister of the Evangelical Church of Garfield ^^® township, Ida county, was born in Columbiana county,Ohio, June 12, 1842, a son of William Hahn, a native of Maryland. The latter's father, Adam Hahn, was born in Baltimore county, Maryland. Two brothers of William Hahn were soldiers in the war of 1812. The mother of our subject, formerly Mary Magdalena Sents, a native of Virginia, was a daughter of Henry Sents, who was also born in that State. Mr. and Mrs. Hahn were the parents of eleven children, nine of whom, grew to years of maturity, and two were, soldiers in the late war: John, in the One. Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio Infantry; and Henry in the One Hundred and Seventh Ohio, Infantry. The father died in Knox town- ship, Columbiana county, Ohio, at the age of sixty-seven years, and the mother departed this life at the same place, aged forty-two years. The former was a farmer by occupa- tion, and a Democrat of the old Jackson ian type. A. F., the subject of this sketch, was reared to farm life, and received a common, and high school education. He united with o the Lutheran Church in early life, and at the age of twenty-three'years j-oined the Evangeli- cal Association, and was licensed to preach in 1877, and was regularly ordained in 1883. In 1865 he located near Vinton, Benton county, Iowa, but in 1881 located on a farm of wild land in Garfield township, Ida county. He now owns 200 acres in one body, well fenced and improved, a good, one and a half story residence, 20x26 feet, a barn, 32x36 feet, and a good pasture, grove and orchard. Mr. Hahn was married at the age of twenty- one years to Miss Caroline Kern, who was born, reared and educated in Ohio, a daughter of Solmon and Catherine (Keck) Kern. To this union has been born eight children: El- don E., who resides and owns 160 acres in Garfield township; Eli Ellsworth, studying for the ministry at Highland Park College; Alfred F., Adam E., Samantha O., Clara O., and two who died in infancy. Mr. Hahn votes with the Republican party, and has served as Justice of the Peace of 488 1U00HAPIIWAI. III STOUT OF Benton county, Iowa, for eight years success- ively. Be has been engaged in ministerial work tor many year.-, still lias charge of a congregation, and is one of the leading and progressive men of Ida county. I) W A R 1) E C K M A N, Assessor of Hayes township, Ida county, was horn in Sweden, in 1S58, a son of Frederic and Sophia | Anderson) Kck man, natives also of that country. The father, a farmer by occupation, still resides in his native place, aged eighty- lour years. The mother died in 1889. They were the parents of eight children, five now living: Peter, who came from De Kalb county, Illinois, to Ida county, Iowa, in 1879, and is now engaged in farming in Hayes township; Augusta, wife of Pen Larson, of this town- ship; Christine, now Mrs. Charles Gran, of De Kalb county, Illinois; Edward, our sub- ject; and Swanter, married, and resides in Sweden. Edward Kekman, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in the schools of Sweden and De Kalb county, Illinois, coming to the latter place in 1875. He was also en- gaged at farm labor in that county. In 1878 he located on his present farm of 120 acres in Hayes township, Ida coDDty, Iowa, which he had purchased in 1876. He has improved the place, erected a good, two-story residence, twenty feet square, a fine barn, 20x38 feet, and has two acres of his place devoted to an orchard and shade trees. Politically, Air. Kekman takes an active interest in the Re- publican party, has served as Road Supervisor of this township four years, as Constable two yen-, and has hehl the position of Assessor se L890. In Morris, Grundy county, Illinois, in 1885, our subject was united in marriage with Miss Ida Johnson, a native of Sweden. Her parents were John and Helena (Johnson) Johnson; her father also a native of Sweden, who located in Morris, Grundy county, Illi- nois, in 1871, and in 1887 came to Idacounty, Iowa, where he is now engaged in fanning. They had four children, three now living: Albert, Viola and the wife of our subject. Mr. and Mrs. Kekman have two children: Roy and Hazel. Mr. Eckman is one of the well-known and early pioneers of Hayes town- ship, has made what he now has by his own industry and frugality, and has been active in promoting the interests of the township and county, "VKXUY HOWARD, a farmer of section 30, Blaiue township, Ida county, was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1838, a son of Peter and Catherine (Stump) Howard, natives also of that county. In 1844 the parents moved to Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, and in 1880 came to Idacounty, Iowa, where he died in Blaine township, in 1884. Hi-- wife died in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania. They were the parents of six children, only two now living: Henry, our subject; and Mary, wife of Samuel Shoop, of Blaine township. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in Dauphin county. Pennsylvania, where he was afterward engaged in cutting timber. In 1880 he purchased his present farm of eighty acres on section :il), Plaine township, [da county. Iowa, which he has since improved, erected a good residence, 14 \ 24 feet, and has all other necessary farm improvements. Politically, Mr. Howard takes CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 4S'J an active part in the Democratic party, and for four years tilled the position of Eoad Overseer. In Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, in 1857, our subject was united in marriage with Miss Anna M. English, a native of that county, and a daughter of Thomas and Mary (Riggle) English, natives also of Dauphin county. The father worked in the stone quarries, was a soldier in the late war, and was killed in the battle of Antietam. The mother died in her native county. Mr. and Mrs. Howard reared a family of ten children, nine now living: Mary, wife of Thomas Freeny, of Ida Grove; Samuel, a resident of Nebraska; Willie, who married May Westfall, and is a farmer by occupation; Lizzie, wife of Irving Westfall, of Ida Grove; and John, Jacob, Anna, Ella and Edward, at home. The wife and mother died August 8, 1891. She and her husband were thrown from a wagon, from the effects of which she afterward died. They were members of the Church of God. Mr. Howard has witnessed nearly the complete development of Blain township, and has al- ways been active in promoting its best in- terests. HLLON PRICE, dealer in hardware, paints and harness, at Arthur, Ida county, was born in Harford county, Maryland, May 26, 1858, a son of Moses D. and Ann W. (Wright) Price, the former a native of Maryland, and the latter of Cum- berland county, Pennsylvania. In 1876 the father located near West Liberty, Muscatine county, Iowa, and in 1880 in Ida county, where he died in 1883. His wife still resides at Ida Grove, Ida county. They were the parents of four children: Martha P., wife of William Jarrett, of Ida county; Dillon, our subject; Mary H., wife of Harry Conard, of Ida Grove; and Morris B., who died in this county in 1883. Dillon Price, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Maryland to the age of sixteen years, when he located in Cedar county, Iowa, in 1876. In 1880 he settled in Silver Creek township, Ida county, and the following year came to Blaine township. He owns eighty acres of well cultivated land in this township, has a good, one and a half story residence, 18 x 26 feet, a barn, 18 x 24 feet, and two acres of his place i s devoted to an orchard and ornamental trees. In 1891 Mr. Price pur- chased the hardware business of P. W. Lar- son, in this city, where he now has a tine trade. Politically, he formerly took an active part in the Republican party, but now votes with the People's party. Socially, he is a member of the Modern Woodmen, of Ida Grove. Mr. Price was married in Ida county, in 1886, to Miss Ella J. Perry, a native of Illi- nois, and a daughter of E. D. and Sarah (Hamis) Perry, natives of New York State, but who have resided in Arthur since 1891. Our subject and wife have two children: Eunice and Elmira. Mr. Price has witnessed many changes in Ida county, has endured many hardships and privations, has always taken an active interest in the upbuilding of his township and county, and now has a large and paying trade. ^^sisifb- insin^- jEASON CROZER, a retired farmer of | Lake View, was born in Columbiana & county, Ohio, August 22, 1830, a son of Thomas and Sarah (Bye) Crozer, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of I'll BIOGRAPHICAL BISTOBF OF Maryland, but was reared in Ohio. In a very early daj the family located near Wes< Branch, Cedar county, towa, where they were among the pioneer Bettlere. The father was a Farmer, also operated a sawmill. He whs formerly a Whig, buf later a Republican; re- ligionary, he was a Friend. He died in that county at the age of eighty-four years, and the mother died at the age of seventy-two years. They reared a family of eight chil- dren, four sons and four daugliti r-. Reason Crozer, the subject of tins sketch, was a child when the family came to Iowa, where he was reared and educated. He was engaged in tanning in eastern Iowa until 1879, and in that year purchased 160 acres i if land in Wall Lake township, Sac county. The place is now well improved, with a good two-storj residence, 14x26 feet, an I.. 14 x 18 feet, a barn, 1P> x 52 feet, with addi- tions on both sides, 12x16 feet, a second barn, 40 x 44 feet, a grove and orchard of five acres, a modern windmill, and everything necessary fur a well-regulated farm. Mr. Crozer retired from active labor in 1891, and came to Lake View, where he has tine resi- dence property. He was married September 13, 1834, in Cedar county, Iowa, to Mis- Hannah Hawlev. who was born, reared and educated in Stark county, Ohio, a daughter of Caleb and Cath- erine (.lames) Ilawley. The mother died in Ohio, and in 1852 the remainder of the family came to Cedar county, Iowa, where the father died at the age of eighty-eight years. They were the parents of nine cliil ilren. Mr. and Mrs. Crozer have also had nine children: J. K., one of the proprietors of the Wall Lake Boat Line; Sally, wife of ( '. W. 1 rwin, of ( 'linton township, Sac county ; < ). E., a railroad man of Chicago; I.. M.. a farmer; C. W.. engaged in tin 1 same ocenpa Hon; T. T., A. ('., W. E.; and Kdna Irene, deceased at the age of live years. Mr. Cro- zer takes an active part in the Republican party, and has served as Township Trustee, a member of the School Board and Town Council. Religiously, he is a member of the Friends. He is one of the prominent and successful men of Lake View and Sac county. SMUTNEY, who has been a resident of Vail, Iowa, since 1873, was born in Bohemia, Europe, February 2. 1846, son of A. and Frances ( Rott) Smutney, natives of that country. His father, a brewer by occupation, died at the age of thirty-three years. His mother is now eighty years old. Young Smutney grew up in his native land, lie attended school till he was thirteen. then served an apprenticeship to the trade of brewer, and until he was twenty worked in various towns in Bohemia. In 18(36 he came to the United States. For a time he was employed in the brewing business in Chicago, and from there went to Kewaunee county, Wisconsin, where lie operated a brewery. He subsequently returned to Chi- cago, thence to Omaha, from there to Iowa City, and in 1873 came to Vail. He built the Vail brewery south of town. It lias a capacity of 800 barrels. The building is 18x48 feet, with an addition, 16 x 40 feet, and a cellar 100x8 feet. He equipped it throughout with modern machinery, and for several years did an extensive business. He owns valuable property ill anil around Vail. 1 1 is cottage home. 16 x 28 feet, a story and a halt, with porch and L, is situated on a beau- tiful building site and surrounded with an attractive lawn and orchard and forest trees. This place comprises six and a half acres and CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 491 is located a quarter of a mile from town. He owns several lots, two dwellings, and a fine two-story brick business house in Vail. Mr. Smutney was married in Johnson county, Iowa, February 21, 1871, to Miss Thressa Kitzberger, who was born in Bohe- mia, and who came to this country when she was fourteen years old. She is a daughter of Antone and Thressa (Vranck) Kitzberger. Her mother is deceased, and her fath?r is now seventy-three years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Smutney have three children living: Anna, Charley and Rosa. They lost four: Jeffrey, at the age of twelve years; Lewis, eleven months; Jenny, seven weeks; and Ben- jamin, seven months. Mr. Smutney affiliates with the Democratic party, and he and his wife are devout mem- bers of the Catholic Church. <: > [HARLES E. LANE, of Graff & Lane, prominent hardware merchants, of Sac City, Iowa, was born in St. Lawrence county, New York, August 30, 1843. His parents, Emery A. and Mary (McAllister) Lane, were natives of New Hampshire and Vermont, respectively. When the subject of this sketch was one and one-half years of age his parents removed to Canada, where the father held the position of superintend- ent of harbor improvement at Port Stanley. They remained there until 1856, and then re- moved to Dyersville, Dubuque county, Iowa, which is now their home. Mr. Lane, of this sketch, received his edu- cation in the common schools of Canada and Iowa, and in 1862, at the youthful age of eighteen, enlisted in Company C, Twenty- first Iowa Infantry, which served in the Army of the West. After the siege of Vicksburg, he was transferred with his, the Thirteenth Army Corps, to the Department of the Gulf, and served until the close of the war. Dur- ing all of this time he was never absent from duty, much of the time being employed in dispatch and courier service. In 1873 he came to Sac county and located on a farm in Eden township, where he re- mained until 1878. He was then elected to his first county office, that of Clerk of the District Court. This he filled satisfactorily for five successive terms (ten years) and on the expiration of his term he engaged, in 1889, in his present occupation, a retail hardware dealer, which he has successfully followed ever since. He was married March 12, 1867, to Miss Charlotte E. Riden, of Dyersville, Iowa. They have four children: Ettie R., who mar- ried D. G. Piatt, a clothing merchant of Sac City, Iowa; Winnifred, the wife of E. B. Tainter, a prominent druggist of Grundy Centre, Iowa; Amy E., and Willard C, yet at home. Politically, Mr. Lane upholds the princi- ples of the Republican party, and as a tem- perance worker, is a strong advocate of pro- hibition. Socially, he belongs to the G. A. R. and to the blue lodge, chapter and com- mandery of the A. F. & A. M. As a citizen and business man his record is above re- proach. ^ARLES S. DARLING.— Among the popular and well-known citizens of the flourishing county of Sac, Iowa, the subject of this sketch holds a prominent po- sition. He resides on section 1, in Cedar township, coming here in 1874. He was born in Summit county, Ohio, March 4, 1856, 4'j: BIOGRAPHICAL HlbTOBT OF a eon of James Darling, a well-known early Bettler of Sac county, now deceased. He was born in Washington county, New York, in tlic town lit' Putnam, January 8, 1824, a son of Adam and Elizabeth (Portia) Darling, na- tives of Haddington, Scotland. Adam Dar- ling was a carpenter and contractor by trade. .lames received a college education at Dr. Pillion's academy, but in 1847 lie removed to Summit county, Ohio, and married Margaret Drennen, who was born and educated in that county. Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Darling: Elizabeth Jane, who died at the ageof thirteen years; Sarah J., the wife of S. M. Elwood, of Sac county, and Charles S. The mother died February 18, 1877. James Darling was appointed to a position in the Quartermaster's Department of the Army of Virginia, in lMi-i, by Governor Slocum, of ( >hio, and rilled an important position in the Freedmen's Bureau, with headquarters at the old home of Jeff Davis, in Mississippi. After the war our subject's father was engaged ex- tensively in the manufacture of cheese in Ohio, and was the author of a work entitled, "Sabbath < Observance in Cheese Making." In 1874 he came here and located on wild land, being a successful teacher and for four years was County Superintendent. He was an act- ive member of the Presbyterian Church and was a successful business man. Charles Darling was reared in Summit county. Ohio, and Sac county, [owa, educated iii" 'st 1\ at home by his talented father. He taught school for a short time, giving satis- faction wherever he taught. lie married February 11, 1879, Miss Anna Parker, a sue cessful and popular teacher, who was born in Cattaraugus county, New York, February 27, 1859, the daughter of W. I), and Helen (Jones) Parker, natives of Cattarau- gus county. Mr. Parker was one of the early pioneers of I alhouii county. Iowa. < >ur sub- ject and wife have three children: James Willi.-, bom February L8, L880; John De- Witt, bom March 21. lsvJ: Eugene Dren- nen, born January 2, 1885. The family residence is a frame structure, situated in a grove and orchard of five acres in extent, and he has one of the best barns in Sac county. It is 56x60 feet, with 24-foot posts and has room for 100 tons of hay and sixty head of cattle. lie has a good dairy of thirty cows, and a flock of the best sheep to be found in western Iowa, they being Oxford Downs. There are fifty of them and very tine specimens. He also has thoroughbred cattle, shorthorns, and has .-pent much money and taken a great interest in the improve- ment of his stock. His farm js a large one of 250 acres and he has successfully con- ducted it. He has a reputation as a cheese manufacturer that is second to none in the West. Mr. Darling is a prominent and active member of the Presbyterian Church, a Dea- con and a most acceptable and earnest worker in the church and Sabbath-school, in which labor he is joined by Mrs. Darling. Socially, Mr. Darling is a very pleasant man to meet, being affable and agreeable, a tine eonver.-a- tionalist and a most intelligent and progres- sive citizen. A Ml' K.I. S. GEDDES, a farmer of sec- tion '■'>. Douglas township. Ida county, was born in Knox county, Ohio, near Mt. Vernon. November '."••. L829, a son of James GeddeS, who was born in New York, in 1800. His father, John Geddes, was a native (jf Scotland. The mother of our sub- j. ••.„,, Elizabeth Irwin, was born in West- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 493 uioreland county, Pennsylvania, a daughter of William Irwin, a native of Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Geddes moved to Knox county, Ohio, in a very early day, locating near Mt. Ver- non, where they erected a log cabin, and re- mained there many years. Both died in Ohio, the mother at the age of seventy years and the father at eighty years, and was buried at Mansfield, that State. They were the parents of four children: Hon. George W., who was Judge ot'the Courts for fifteen years, and is now an attorney of Mansfield, Ohio; Irwin, the next in order of birth; Cordelia, wife of N. S. Reed, also of Mansfield ; and S. S., our sub- ject. The father followed farming during life, voted with the Democratic party, and was a member of the Methodist Church. Samuel S., the subject of this sketch, was reared in Knox county, Ohio, to the age of twelve or fourteen years, and then went to Richland county, same State, where he at- tended the common schools and also the Haysville Academy. He was next engaged in teaching and clerking there for a number of years, and in 1855, removed to Des Moines, Iowa, where he was employed as a clerk for about fifteen years. In 1876 he purchased 200 acres of land in Douglas township, Ida county, paying $6 per acre, and a part of this land also lies in Cherokee county. Mr. Ged- des has improved his place, erected a good, one and a half story residence, 26 x 16 feet, with an L, 14x20 feet, and has a fine grove and orchard. Our subject was married in Polk county, Iowa, in 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Nagle, who was born near Steubenville, Ohio, a daughter of Franklin Nagle, a native of Polk county, that State. Mr. an 1 Mrs. Ge lies have had six children, namely: Irvin, of Montana; Let- tie Bell, of Orange City, Iowa; Eddy S. of Dixon e unity, Nebraska; an 1 George and James Arthur, at home. Mr. Geddes has been identified with the Republican party since its organization, and lias served as a member of the County Board three years. Religiously, both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject is one of the prominent and leading men of Douglas township. fOHN JONES, Township Trustee of Blaine township, Ida county, was born in Wales, in 1857, a son of Robert and Mary (Lloyd) Jones. The parents were also born in that county, but in 1867 located in Ray county, Missouri, where the father followed farming. Five years later they came to Ida county, Iowa, and both now reside at Ida Grove. They were the parents of four children : Anna, wife of E. P. Smith, of Battle Creek; Mary, widow of M. C. Brown, and a resi dent of Ida Grove; John, our subject ; and Richard, a farmer of Blaine township. John Jones, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Wales to the age of ten years, when he came with his parents to Ray county, Mis- souri. In 1872 he located in Corwin town- ship, Ida county, Iowa, and in 1878 pur- 120 acres, on section 22, Blaine township, which he improved, and later bought the 160 acres, where he now lives. Mr. Jones has since sold jiis farm on section 22, and has added to his present home. He has his place under a fine state of cultivation, and is en- gaged in general farming and stock-raising. Politically, he takes an active part in the Republican party. Since 1887 he has served as a member of the Board of Trustees. In March, 1886, Mr. Jones was married to Miss Ida May Scott, a native of Illinois, and a daughter of Jesse Scott, a farmer of White- •IU4 BIOGRAPHICAL BI810RT OF side county, that State. The mother is now deceased. Our subject and wife had two children: .Mary Lucille and Jesse Robert. The wife and mother died January 2, 1892. Mr. Jones is one of the early and well-known pio- neers of Ida county. He is a self- made man, having made what he now owns by industry, perseverance and frugality, and is always active in promoting the interests of both his township and county. > AVID REID, a farmer of section 6, Blaine township, Ida county, was horn in Berwickshire, Scotland, in 1841, a son of Alex and Rachel (Lockhart) Reid, na- tives of Edinburghshire, that country. The parents both died in Scotland, the mother in L871, and the father in 1875. They were the parents of eight children, six now living: William, of Edinburgh, Scotland; Thomas, married and resides in Cheshire, England; Ellen, wife of James Scott, of Australia; Catherine, wife of James Ren wind, of Edin- burgh; and David, our subject. The latter was reared in Scotland, where he learned the florist and nursery trade. At the age of twenty-five years he went to York- shire, England, where he followed the trade until 1880, and in that year sailed for Amer- ica. After lauding in this country he located in Ida county, Iowa, purchasing forty acres of raw land in Blaine township, section 6, which he improved, and to which he has added eighty acres more. He has a good one- story residence, 16x24 feet, and other farm buildings. Mr. Reid has devoted much at- tention to fruit, to which he has devoted one and a half acres, raising many varieties of raspberries, blackberries, plums and has a large vineyard. < > u i- subject was married in Gloucester shire, England, in 1872, to Miss Mary A. Lockhart, a native of Scotland, and a daugh- ter of Thomas and Jane (Monroe) Lockhart. natives also of that country. The parents afterward remove 1 to Gloucestershire. Eng- land, where the mother died in 1870, and the father in 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Reid have two children: Thomas Lockhart and Ada Alexandra. Mr. and Mrs. Reid are mem- bers of the Church of Scotland. The former takes an active part in politics, and has always been identified with every movement for the upbuilding of his township and county. -">> -$+- tUMAN COBB, one of the representative men of Douglas township, Ida county, was born in Genesee county. New York, August 15, 1824, a son of Useal and Sally (Phelps) Cobb, the former a native of Penn- sylvania, and the latter of Monroe county. New York. They afterward located in low?., and both died at Mt. Pleasant, Henry county, the lather at the age of eighty-six years, and the mother aged sixty-five years. They reared a family of eleven children. The father was a farmer by occupation, a Whig in his political views, and both were mem- bers of the Methodist Church. Two of their sons, Luman and Gary, took part in the late war. Luman Cobb, our subject, was reared to the age of fourteen years in Genesee county, New York, was then in Chautauqua county, that State, until 1853, and next located near Plattville, Grant county, Wisconsin, August 11, 1862, he enlisted in the Thirty-third Wisconsin Infantry, Company D, tor three years, or during the war; was in the siege of Vickshnr^. on General Banks' expedition up CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 495 the Tied river, at the battle of Nashville, and was honorably discharged at Madison, Wis- consin. From that time until 1879 Mr. Cobb was a resident of Grant county, but in the latter year purchased eighty acres of im- proved land in Douglas township, Ida county, where he has a good residence, 22 x 24 feet, with an L, 12 x 16 feet, and a fine barn. In Chautauqua county, New York, at the age of twenty-three years, our subject was united in marriage with Cordelia Francis, a native of Erie county, that State, and a daughter of Thomas and Sally (Westover) Francis. They reared a ^family of eleven children. The father was a farmer by occu- pation, a Democrat in political views, relig- iously, a member of the Baptist Church, and his death occured in Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Cobb have three children: James U., mar- ried, has seven children, and resides in Wood- bury county; Colonel, married, and has two children; and Lee H., married, and resides in this township. They lost one child at the age of three years. Mr. Cobb affiliates with the Repulican party, is a member of the G. A. R., William Baker Post, and both he and his wife are identified with the Methodist Church. »>&&&¥?&^ C. ROLLS, dealer in and manufact- urer of harness, whips, saddles and 1 general supplies at Arion, estab- lished this business, January 14, 1892. He was born in England, October 12, 1866, son of John and Priscilla (Benning) Rolls. Our subject was only a small child when the family came to this county, where he was reared to farm life, receiving his educa- tion in the common schools of the district. He graduated in a commercial college, in 1890, learning his trade in Omaha, Nebraska, and Dunlap, Iowa, where he was in the busi- ness for a short time, coming from the latter place to Arion, Iowa. He owns a stock of $1,000 worth of goods, and is a thorough business man. Politically, he is a Republican of the strongest kind, and although yet a young man, is destined to make his presence felt in this county, in whose affairs he already takes a warm interest. He is a man of wonderful ability, and such men are always successful, and there is no doubt but future histories will head their list of the most successful men of Crawford county with the name of W. C. Rolls. E. 1 R W I N, a well-known citizen of Clinton township, resides on a farm of 280 acres in the vicinity of Wal! Lake, Sac county, Iowa. Mr. Irwin dates his birth in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, January 15, 1857. His father, W. H. Irwin, was born in Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, of English ancestry, and the son of a Revolutionary soldier. The maiden name of our subject's mother was Mary Waugh, she being a native of Ireland. In 1867 W. H. Irwin and his family came to Iowa, and located in Clinton county, near Maquoketa. There the father engaged in farming and stock-raising. He is still a res- ident of Clinton county. L. E., C. W., W. D., W. H., and Jennie, wife of L. Daven- port, are five of their children. L. E. Irwin was reared to farm life, and was educated in the district schools. In 1877 he came to Clinton township, Sac county, and bought eighty acres of wild land, which he has improved, and to which he has since added until he now has 360 acres. Among i:h; BIOGRAPHICAL BISTORT <>F the improvements on this place we note the following: frame residence, story and a half, 14x24 feet, with an L, 14x20 feet; barn, II \ 56 feet; second barn, 38 x44 feet; wind- mill, and fine grove and orchard. Hi' devotes considerable attention to stork, keeping a good grade of cattle and Poland-China and Berkshire hogs. Mr. Irwin was married March 16, 1 S M, in Clinton county, Iowa, to Lois E. I'anlus, who received her birth and education in that county, and who is the daughter of Peter and Maggie E. (Hibbs) Panlns, natives of Penn- sylvania and Indiana, respectively. Her parents came to Sac comity, Iowa, in 1888, and are now residents of Lake View. They reared four children: Frank, Lois, Kate and Etta. Mr. and Mrs. Irwin have had five chil- dren, three of whom are living: Lawrence William, Orrie F. and Flossie F. Josie Finma died at the age of fourteen months, she being the second horn: and liuby Z., the fourth child, died at the age id' seven months. He affiliates witli the Republican party, and has served the public as a member of the School l'oard, and has also been a Justice "f the Peace three years. Mis. Irwin is a mem- ber of the Mt. Pleasant Methodist l^piscopal Church. F. FORSYTH, a fanner of Wall Fake township, Sac comity, was born iu, ^ a Guernsey county, Ohio, October 13, 1846. a Bon <>f John Forsyth, a native of Muskingum county, that State. His father. John Forsyth, was of Welsh ancestry. The mother of our subject, nee Maria Foinier, was born in Muskingum county, < >hio, a daughter of James and Jane Loimer. Mr. and Mrs. ,ili were the parents of seven children. four son:- and three daughters. Three of the >'>ms were soldiers in the late war: 1 'avid, in the Seventy-eighth Ohio 1 n fan try, now resides in Guernsey county; A. F., our subject: William, in the One Hundred and Eighty- fifth Ohio Infantry. The father, a farmer by occupation) died in 1850, and the mother died in 1863. A. E. Forsyth, our subject, was reared to farm life, and educated in the common schools. In February, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, served about eleven months, and took part in the siege id' Knox- ville. In April, 1864, he joined the One Hundred and Seventy-second < >hio Volunteer Infantry, Company ('. and the regiment was stationed in Ohio. Mr. Forsyth was honor- ably discharged in September. 1864, but in February, 1865, he enlisted the third time in the'One Hundred and Eighty-fifth Ohio Vol- unteer Infantry. Company B, and served on detached duty at Lexington, Kentucky, until the clo6e of the war. The following; three year- were -pent near Monmouth. Warren county. Illinois, the next two years in Wa- pello county, Iowa, and iu 1870 he purchased 150 acres in Wall Fake township. Sac county. At that time only few settlers resided in the county, and wild game was plentiful. Mr. Forsyth improved his farm, and now has a tine residence, a barn, 36x36 feet, a cattle barn, 30x35 feet, and everything necessary fur a well-regulated home. At the age of twenty-two years, in Warren county, Illinois, he married Araminta Yost, a native of Jeff erson county. Indiana, and a daughter of Nathan and Eliza (Staten) Tost. The parents are now deceased, the father dy- ing in Jefferson county. They hail one son in the late war, Henry, a member of an Indi- ana regi nt. Mr. and Mrs. Forsyth have CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 497 had three children: Clara, deceased; James and Lewis. Mrs. Forsyth lias two children by a former marriage: Charles and Thomas. Our subject is a Republican in his political views, and has served as Township Clerk, Trustee, Secretary of the School Board four- teen years, and as Justice of the Peace. Re- ligiously, both he and his wife are members of the Free Methodist Church, of which he is Steward and Superintendent of the Sabbath- school. Mr. Forsyth is one of the well-known and honored citizens of Wall Lake township, Sac county. fP. CARR.— In 1869 a number of ener- getic and enterprising men made per- 31 manent settlement in the fertile lands of Sac connty, Iowa, and with these hardy settlers came our subject, J. P Carr, now a retired farmer and a resident of Grant City. He was born in Ticonderoga, Essex county, New York, May 10, 1823, and was a son of W. W. Carr, who was born in Massachusetts, and was a soldier in the war of 1812, The name of the grandfather was John Carr. The mother of our subject was named in her maiden days, Mary Jones, born in Massa- chusetts, and is a daughter of John Jones, who was born in Ireland. To the parents of our subject were born nine children, five sons and four daughters, namely: Wesley, Sylves- ter, Mehala. Samantha, James P., Deloss, Mary, Jerusha and Merrill. Both parents have passed away; the father at the age of fifty-six, the mother living un- til 1889, when she died at the age of nine- ty-six. In early life the father was by trade a shoemaker, and later became a farmer. In politics he was a AVhig, and in religion a member of the Congregational Church. Our subject was reared in Essex county, New York, and there learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, which he followed for many years. In 1885 he emigrated to Dane county, Wisconsin, and was engaged in the hotel, post office, express and railroad busi- ness at Deansville, for a period of ten years, and was a notary public for four years, and owned the largest sorghum manufactory in Wisconsin. In 1869 he came to Sac county, Sac township, settling upon wild land, where he has opened up and improved 321 acres, in a high state of cultivation. Here is located the pleasant home, a comfortable residence, with dimensions of 18 x 24 feet, one and one- half stories and with an L, 16 x 24 feet, and there is an addition to the house, to increase its convenience, of one story, 12x18 feet. There is a tine grove surrounding the home, of Nature's own growth, and Mr. Carr has also a fine orchard. He has looked well after his stock and horses. The horse barn is a building, 28 x 44 feet, and the cattle barn is 48 x 68 feet, firmly built, with 20-foot posts. In connection with this Mr. Carr has shed yards, feed lots, a modern windmill, which supplies the motive power for the watering of the stock, and everything that can be required on a well-regulated farm. In 1870 he was chosen one of two to in- vestigate the books of Sac county in order to settle the affairs of the county. This was the first time the books had been opened for set- tlement since the organization of this section of country, some sixteen years previous. The investigation was carefully made and the re- port handed over to the proper authorities, which was accepted with satisfaction. At the age of twenty-one years our subject married in Essex county, Miss Lovina Snow, who was born, reared and educated in Essex county, New York, a daughter of Ezra and 498 IUOORAPHICAL UISTOKY OF Chloe (rotter) Snow. Mr. Carr and wife had two daughters: Estella, the wife of Ed M. Carr, of Calhoun county, [owa; and Ella S. the wife of Dr. P. Shattuck, of Independ- ence, Iowa. In politics, our subject is a Democrat, and for years served in township offices, especially that of Justice of the Peace. Socially, he was a member of the Masonic order, Jephtha Lodge, No. 281, of Auburn, and was made a member at Waterloo, Wisconsin. Our sub- ject is now in his seventieth year, but strang- er.- would be slow to credit it, so lightly do his years rest upon him. In manner he is frank and cordial, and takes a great and act- ive interest in all that is going on in the county and the outside world. He is one of the good citizens of Sac county. M. TENNEY, a fanner and stock- raiser of section 3"J, Grant township, Ida county, was born in ] Mercer county, Illinois, in lS^l, a son of Joseph P. and Alinira R. (Merryinan) Tenney, the former a native of New Hampshire, and the latter of Maine. In 1837 the father removed to Mercer county, Illinois; was there married, and engaged in farm pursuits. He was pre- viously engaged in freighting from Boston to surrounding towns and return. He made Mercer county his home until going to Cam- bridge, Illinois, in 1876, and next to Califor- nia, where his death occurred in 1886. The mother died in Mercer county in 18(53. They were the parents of ten children, five now Living: S. M., our subject; Sarah I,., widow of Jacob Kiaiise. and resides in Grant town- ship; Maria . I., of California; Lyman L., of this township; and Jenny L., wife of Horace Briggs, of California. S. M. Tenney, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native < uty. In 1862 lie enlisted in Company (J, One Hundred and Second Illinois Infantry, for three years, or during the war; was mustered inio service at Knoxville, Illinois, and as- signed to the Army of the Cumberland, after- ward in Twentieth corps, under General Hooker. He took part in the battles of At- lanta, Champaign; from Chattanooga, on through the siege of Atlanta, among which were the battles of Resaca and 1 'tail it ice Creek; was with Sherman on the march to the sea, in the North and South Carolina campaign, and took part in the grand review in Washington, District of Columbia. At the siege of Atlanta Mr. Tenney's corps was the first to enter the city. Jrle was honor- ably discharged at Chicago, June 6, 1865, and resumed farming in Mercer county. After following the mercantile business in Oxford, Illinois, and teaching school for a time, Mr. Tenney was employed as traveling salesman for Field & Bro., of Rock Island, Illinois, seven years, in selling notions. He next handled gloves and mittens for C. A. Whiting, of Monticello, in Iowa and Ne- braska, crossing Iowa on the Rock Island and Northwestern railroads, and making one trip in Minnesota, continuing with that firm two years, in 1882 he removed to Davenport, Iowa, and the same year purchased 320 acres of raw land in Grant township, Ida county, all of which is now under a fine state of cul- tivation. Mr. Tenney has taken an active interest in politics, voting with the Repub- lican party, ever since his tir^t vote, cast dur- ing the war for Lincoln, and has served as Secretary and Director of the School Board since 1888. Socially, he is a member of Matthew Cray lost. NTo. 93, G. A. R., al Ida (■rove. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 499 In 1875, in Mercer county, Illinois, our subject was united in marriage with Miss Anna Baker, a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of William Baker, a native of the same State. In 1852 he removed to Mercer county, Illi- nois, where he still resides. The mother died in that county in 1876. Mr. and Mrs. Ten- ney have four children: Louie May, Edgar L., Charles P. and Florence B. Our subject and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church at Battle Creek. Mr. Tenney has witnessed a great change in Grant township since coining to this county, and has always taken an active part in everything for its good. fH. BOOTH, a farmer of section 12, Gar- field township, Ida county, was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, in 1841, a son of Jeremiah and Jane (Hendersay) Booth, natives also of Ohio. The father, a farmer by occupation, moved to Cass county, Indiana, in 1849, and in 1855 to Rice county, Min- nesota, where he cleared a farm. In 1857 he came to Iowa, in 1881 returned to Dodge county, Minnesota; and in 1889 came to Bat- tle Creek, Iowa. Ilis death occurred in Jan- uary, 1892, and the mother still resides in Battle Creek. They were the parents of nine children: H. B., of Buchanan county, Iowa; J. H., our subject; William, who enlisted, in 1861, in Company H, Fourteenth Iowa In- fantry, for three years, was wounded at Shi- loh, and died in the field hospital near Cor- inth, in 1862, aged nineteen years; Isaac, of St. Paul, Minnesota; Hannah M., wife of George W. Spetzer, of Battle Creek; Sarah, wife of Frank North, of Kansas; Nancy J.; George, deceased when young; and Mary, deceased. H. B., the eldest child, enlisted in Buchanan county, Iowa, in August, 1862, in Company H, Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, was mustered into service at Dubuque, and took part in the battle of Pleasant Hill. He served principally in Missouri, Mississippi and Alabama, also in the Tennessee campaign, and after three years of service was mustered out at Clinton, Iowa. He now resides in Buchanan county, Iowa. J. H. Booth, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Coshocton county, Ohio, until ten years of age, then in Cass county, Indiana, thence to Rice county, Minnesota, spending his school days in Ohio, Indiana, Minnesota and Iowa. He came to Buchanan county, Iowa, in 1857, and he has since been engao-ed at farm labor. In that county, in 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Fourteenth Iowa In- fantry, for three years, or during the war; was mustered into service at Davenport, and took part in the battles of Shiloh and Fort Donelson. Mr. Booth was discharged in 1862, on account of ill health, returned to Buchanan county, and December 29, 1862, re-enlisted in Company H, Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, for three years, or during the war. He participated in the campaign at Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, where he received a gunshot wound, and was confined in the hospital at Memphis. At Montgomery, Ala- bama, in 1865, he was honorably discharged, and returned to Buchanan county. He was there engaged in farming until July, 1880, when lie purchased eighty acres of land on section 12, Garfield township, Ida county, Iowa. He has since improved the place, erected a good residence, 20 x 26 feet, with an L, 14 x 14 feet, has a tine grove and orchard of two and a half acres, and has added to his original purchase until he now owns 160 acres. Mr. Booth is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. .Mil) BI0GRAPHIOA1 HISTORY OF In Buchanan county, in October, ist;s, be was united in marriage with Miss Christiana Peyton, a native of Muscatine county, Iowa, and a daughter of Philip Peyton, a native of Kentucky. He moved to Cedar county, [owa, in an early day, and later to Linn county, this State, where he died in 1^73. The mother of Mrs. Booth died when she was a child. To this union have heen horn three children: George W., Marion W'.and Nancy J. Mr. and Mrs. Booth are members of the Christian Church of Battle Creek, Mr. Booth votes with the Republican party, although he takes no active part in politics, and has served as Road Supervisor and a member of the School Board. lie is one of the early pioneers of Garfield township, and has wit- nessed nearly its entire development. IF^AYID FESSLER, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Cedar township, Sac county, Iowa, is one of the representative citizens who settled in the county in 1881, at which time the beautiful farm he now owns was but wild land. He was horn in Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, August 26, 1834, and was the son of Jacob Fessler, who was born and reared in the same county. He was a miii of George Fessler, a representative of an old Pennsylvania family, whose ancestors came from Germany, took part in the Revolu tionary war, and later settled in Lebanon county, Pennsylvania. Tlie mother of our subject was named Mar garet Knlp, also a native of Lebanon county, a daughter of Peter and Catherine Knlp. Our subjecl was ten years of age, in L844, when the family removed to Madison county, Indiana, where they were among the pioneers. Thej reared eight children, live of whom are now living, namely: Lizzie Gray, Sarah, Polly, David and Hiram. Those deceased were named: George, Rebecca and John, the latter dying in Sac county in 1892. By trade the father was a stonecutter and brick-mason, also engaging in farming. In politics he was a Democrat. Our subject was reared to farm life, and received his education in the common school- In 18lil he enlisted in the Second Indiana Cavalry, under Colonel John A. Bridgland, and later under Captain Jones. The regi- ment was first stationed at Bowling Green, Kentucky, then at Nashville. Our subject was then on scouting expeditions against Morgan and Kirby Smith; was twice taken prisoner by Morgan's forces, but was released and paroled. He was honorably discharged at Nashville, Tennessee, in October. 1863, hav- ing received injuries by being thrown from a horse, and still suffers from heart disease. He returned to Madison county, Indiana, and resided there until 18(57, when he re- moved to Illinois, and located in Putnam county, where he lived until 1881, when he came to Sac county, Iowa. Here he bought 240 acres of wild laud, which he has since improved and put in a high state of cultiva- tion, making it one of the finest farms in the county, consisting of a good grove and orchard of three acres, and he also has a errove of six acres of evergreens. lie now carries on a fine business of stock-raising and dairy farming. Our subject was married December 24, 1863, in Madison county, Indiana, to Mrs. Carrie (Keller) Pair, widow of William P, Bair, who was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Erb) Keller, both natives of Lan- caster county, who reared a family of eleven children, and hen- the father died. By her ##***"" " CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 501 first marriage Mrs. Fessler had a family of three children: Clara, at home; Mary, wife of George Ruckingham, of Alvin, Brazoria county, Texas; and William B., of the same place. To our subject and wife have been born three children: Harry A., employed in the Sac City Mills; T. A., a pharmacist; and Horace Hilton. In politics our subject was a Democrat, and served as Trustee Cor three or four terms. He was also a member of the School Board for some time, always filling positions of re<- sponsibility witli perfect satisfaction. So- cially, he is a member of Sherman Post, No. 284, of Sac City, and a member of the Masonic order, having joined the Masons while living in Madison county, Indiana. Religiously, our subject is a consistent mem- ber of the Church of God. He is one of the progressive and well-known and esteemed citizens of Cedar township. fOHN SHOUT, proprietor of the flour mill and grain elevator at Vail, Craw- ford count)', Iowa, is a native of Scot- land, born near Edinburgh, in 1827, a son of Adam and Elizabeth (Scott) Short, also na- tives of that country. The subject of this sketch worked for some years in his father's mills and acquired a thorough knowledge of the milling business. In 1851 he emigrated to Canada, and the following year settled in Melville, Pee! county, Ontario, where he built a sawmill and an oatmeal-mill, both of which he operated successfully until 1857, when he sold out at a handsome profit, and removed to London, Ontario, intending to re- tire from business. Naturally industrious and accustomed to active pursuits, he could 37 not long content himself to live in compara- tive idleness. He, therefore, remained but a short time in London, removing thence to Embro, Oxford county, Ontario, where he purchased a site, on which he built a flour mill and again engaged in his favorite occupa- tion. He soon established a reputation for the excellence of his work, and did an increasing and profitable business for about eleven years. Soon after his arrival in Embro, he was elected Reeve of the village, and was re-elected to the same position for ten consecutive years, and he discharged his duties as member of the County Council with marked ability, and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. He was also appointed a magistrate by the Premier, and for a number of years held her Majesty's commission as Justice of the Peace. In the summer of 1868 Mr. Short sold out his business at Embro, preparatory to remov- ing West. Before leaving the place, the citi- zens of the village and county gave him a complimentary entertainment, in apprecia- tion of his worth as a private citizen, busi- ness man and public official. On leavino- Canada, Mr. Short came West with the intention of going to California. Stopping at Boone, Iowa, for a time, he be- came acquainted with Messrs. Knight & Smith, prominent millers of that place, and was induced by them to remain at Boone and superintend their milling business, which he did for eight or nine years. Leaving Boone, he settled in Vail, where he is now engaged in milling, buying and shipping grain. His mill is thoroughly equipped with all the most modern machinery, and has a capacity of sixty barrels of flour per day. He does the most extensive grain business in this part of the State, having an annual trade of upward of $100,000. The officials of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad have made the state- BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF incut that he Bhipa e grain over their road than any man in Iowa. Mr. Shorl was married in Scotland in 1 S ~>1 to Miss Margaret Mather, a daughter of a prominent fanner near Edinburgh. Thei have 6ix children: Adam, engaged with his father i:i the grain business; Ellen, wife of John Thomson, of Vail; Agnes, wife of W. W. White, also of Vail; Elizabeth, wedded to V. I'. Lewis, nf Smith Omaha, Nebraska; Margaret, at home; and -lames, engaged in farming near Vail. Politically, Mr. Short is independent; re- ligiously, he is a Presbyterian, and a liberal supporter of the church. A man of strong per- sonality enterprising and public-spirited, firm in his convictions of right and wrong, and a useful and highly respected citizen. \i;<>\ CUNARD, Township Trustee of Boyer township, of Bection 27, lo- cated on his present farm in 18S2, com- ing from Cass county, Iowa, where he had located in L868. He was horn in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, in 1^:50 and was the youngest in a family of five born to Jacob and Susannah | Means) Cunard, natives of Bed- ford county, Pennsylvania. The father was a fanner of his native State and comity, and lived and died there. The mother died when oiu- subject was \oiing. Of the famil\ of our Bubjecl is the only surviving mem- Aaron was reared until he was sixteen years of age in his native county and edu- cated in the subscription schools of that sec- tion. Alter arrivi no- to this a or lie left I'enn- sylvauia and settled in Rush county, Indiana. where he worked as a farm laborer until 1849, when he went to Lee county. Illi- nois, being on the frontier ill Indiana and Illinois. He engaged in farming until he came to Cass county, Iowa, buying an im- proved farm in Lee county, and was instru- mental in the development of that county. In 180s he located in Cass county, Iowa, buy- ing a partly improved farm of 120 acres, forty acres of which were broken, and he lost no time in improving the remainder. < >n this farm he planted a good orchard and shade trees and it was a very different looking place when he sold it, prior to locating in l!oyer township, from the farm he found. ,Mr. Cunard hauled the first load of lumber ever brought to Atlantic, Iowa, for frank Whit- ney, unloading the lumber on the prairie, where afterward the prosperous cit] of At- lantic was built. "When Mr. Cunard came to Boyer township he bought an improved farm of 100 acres, and twenty-five acres of this is in an orchard, or- namental and shade trees. His orchard is exceptionally fine, consisting of 2,000 trees, large and small. lie has also a vineyard of 500 bearing vines, a large number of black- berry and raspberry hushes, his being the largest fruit hearing farm in Crawford county. The remainder of the farm is in a fine state of cultivation and is all well fenced. Mr. Cunard was married in Lee county . Illinois, in IS"), to Mary Catherine Kelly, native of Pennsylvania, daughter of William and Mary (Jacoby) Kelly, natives of Penn- sylvania, who removed to Lee county at an early day. Here the father died years aj;o. and the mother survived him until 1891. They have had seven children, live living, namely: Francis Marion, married and resides in Boyer township; Sarah A., wife of J. Sul- livan, of South Omaha; Elizabeth Ellen, at home: William Edward, married, resides in Harrison county, Iowa; Myra, wife of Ed CRAWFORD, IDA AMD SAC COUNTIES. 50 J Emerson, of Harrison county, Iowa; Mary married R. Sweet, of Harrison county, Iowa, •who died on the home farm, leaving two children; and Roy, who died at the age of two in Cass county, Iowa. Mrs. Cunard is a member of the Method- ist Episcopal Church at Dunlap. Mr. Cun- ard is a Republican in politics, and is one of the Township Trustees. He is one of the progressive representative men of Boyer township, where he has seen great changes take place in the county. =^- fOHN L. RICHARDSON is a prominent farmer of Soldier township, locating here in 1874 on the farm on which he now resides. He was born in Chautauqua county, New York, in 1837, and was the fourth in a family of five children born to Nathan and Aseneth (Johnson) Richardson, both families being of New York. The mother died at her home in that State, but the father came West in 1862 or 1863 and made his home with his children in Linn county, Iowa. Here his death occurred in 1875. Of the family three are now living: Nancy, who is the wife of James Barber, of Lake county, Ohio; and Jane L. is the wife of Daniel Troutman, of Benton county, Iowa; Martha died in Linn county in 1880, thewife of Hen- ry McKean. Reuben came West before the war, settling in Berrien county, Michigan. He enlisted in the army from that State and served with honor through the three years, and then returned to Michigan, but finally went back to Chautauqua, New York, where his death occurred in 1887. Our subject was reared in Chautauqua county, and was educated in the district schools there. He decided to become a farm- er, and in 1852 he came West to St. Joseph county, Michigan, and worked on a farm. He went from there to AYoodford county, Illi- nois, and in Metamora worked in a foundry, but not liking the place .vent to Minnesota and settled in Morrison county, and there be- came an employe ot the Government as a teamster on the Red River of the North. He assisted in the founding of Fort Abercrombie, and from there he made his way to Linn county, Iowa. Here he became a teacher and was so employed when the war broke out. In August, 1862, our subject enlisted in Company A, Twentieth Iowa Infantry, and was mustered into the United States service at Clinton, Iowa, and was assigned to the rmy on the frontier. He was one of the brave men who defended his country at Prairie Grove, Arkansas, at the siege of Vicksburg, Port Hudson, and then went down the river to its mouth, then to Browns- ville, Texas, then to Fort Blakely, and was also in the siege of Fort Morgan. He was at Mobile, Alabama, and at Yazoo City. He received an honorable discharge at Mobile, in 1865, and returned home without having re- ceived a wound or been sick a single day. In 1869 he went to Gentry county, Missouri, and from there, in 1874, to Soldier township, Iowa. While in Missouri he engaged in teaching and farming, and after locating in Crawford county, Iowa, he occupied himself in like manner, and also taught in Ida and Monona counties, teaching the first school ever conducted in Grant township, in Ida county. In 1874 our subject became the owner of eighty acres of raw land in Crawford county, and in the spring of 1875 began its improve- ment. He planted trees, broke land and be- gan preparations for a comfortable home. 504 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF The marriage of our subject took place in 1808 to Mary McArthur, a native of Linn county, Iowa, who was a daughter of .lames and Mary (Morton) McArthur, who came to Linn county at an early > been an ardent Republican. He has been called upon to serve his township as Assessor and Township Clerk, and as he has always taken an active interest in education, has been made a member of the School Board. He belongs to the John A. Logan Post, No.56, G. A. R.j and is one of those whose numbers every year are growing less. All true Amer- icans give them honor and feel that too much respect and affection cannot be theirs from a grateful country. Our subject is one of the oldest settlers in Soldier township, he and George Sciford be T ing the first to come to this township, and while a citizen of Denison he tilled the offices of Deputy Treasurer and City Assessor for two years. lie lias seen the full development of the township, and has aided every measure for the public good. In Mr. Richardson the Baptist Church finds a liheral supporter and a good, Chris- tian man. L. EDSON, a runner of Wall Lake township, Sac county, was horn in ° Genesee county, New Fork, March 23, 1^57. a son of Lucius Edson, also a na- tive of New York, and of Irish ancestry. The mother of our subject, n,, Emily Wlieadou. was horn in that State. They were the parents of three children: Walter Scott, who served in the Thirty-fifth Missouri In- fantry, during the late war, and now resides in Gentry county, .Missouri; Orpha, wife of Henry Boots, of Iowa; and Samuel L., our subject. The parents moved to De Kalb county, Illinois, in an early day, and the mother died at Sycamore, that county, at the age of sixty years. The father departed this life at Allegan, Michigan, at the age of si.\t\ six years. He was a farmer by occupation, a Republican in his political views, anil relig- iously, a member of the Baptist Church. S. I,. Edson, our subject, enlisted in the late war in 1861, in Company L. Eighth Illi- nois Cavalry, under General Farnesworth, and took part in the battles of' A utietam and Gettysburg. At the latter engagement he was thrown from his horse while on the charge, and on account of the injuries re- ceived, was assigned to the invalid corps, at Philadelphia and New York. He was after- ward kept on detached duty, until his dis- charge, after which he returned to Illinois. Two years later Mr. Edson went to Allegan, Michigan; two years afterward to Anamosa, Iowa, and in 1878 came to Sac county, lie -pent the first Beven years here in Jaok80n township, and then came to Wall Lake town- ship. Since his residence in this county he has bought and improved five farm.-. Mr. Edson was married near Syracuse, Onondaga county, New Fork, in W>1. to Miss Augusta Bicknell. who was horn, reared and educated in Fulton. Oswego county, that Slate, and a daughter of Ira and \anc\ (Watson) Bicknell, tile latter of Scotch-Irish ancestry. The mother died when Mr. Edson was a child, and the father died at Cincinnati, Ohio, in lsOO, aged seventy years. The] reared a family of four children: Augusta, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 505 Adelbert, Henry; and Lida, deceased. Our subject and wife have had four children, viz.: Emma, wife of D. S. McGilvra, of Wall Lake township, Roy; Lida, formerly a suc- cessful teacher in this county, died at the age of eighteen years; and Ettie, deceased at the age of three months. Politically, Mr. Edson affiliates with the Democratic party ; socially, is a member of William T. Sherman Post, No. 284, of Sac City; and religiously, both he and his wife are members of the church. Mr. Edson takes an active interest in every thing for the good of his county. fC. BODINE, a well-to-do farmer of Cook township, Sac county, Iowa, post Q office Schaller, was born February 8, 1835. His parents were Gilbert and Harriet (Swartout) Bodine, natives of Pennsylvania and New York, respectively. His father was of French origin, and his mother's ancestors were from Holland. Mr. Bodine was the seventh of eleven chil- dren, and received his education in the com- mon schools in New York. At nineteen years of age he took charge of his father's farm, on which he remained until 1865. Hearing favorable reports of the West, where land was cheap and good, he removed to Aurora, a prosperous city of Illinois at that time. He here engaged in the stock business, in which he continued with fair success for about two and a half years. He then removed to Grin- nell, in Poweshiek county, Iowa, where he fanned nine years. In 1876 he came to his present desirable location, and bought a half section of unbroken prairie land from the railroad company. Great changes have been worked by industrious cultivation and the lapse of time, until this is now one of the choicest farming spots in the world. He has always been a stalwart Democrat. He is an advocate of all enterprises having for their object the advancement of the com- munity. Although his county is largely Re- publican, he was elected Treasurer on the Democratic ticket, and has held various other positions of trusts, showing that in his case the office seeks the man. ^IRAM A.WILSON, an extensive farmer and stock-raiser of Sac county, Iowa, post office Early, is a native of Pennsylvania. His parents were Alexander and Abigail (Bishop) Wilson, natives of Ver- mont and New Y r ork, respectively. Mr. Wilson, whose name heads this sketch, received a limited education in the schools of his vicinity, and was reared to farming, which he has followed ever since. He gradually emigrated from the East, until 1871, he reached his present location, on what was then an unbroken prairie, but which has since become one of earth's fairest garden spots. He is now the possessor of about three-quarters of a section of the choicest land in Sac county. Mr. Wilson has been twice married. First, in 1857, to Miss Mary Wood, of Wisconsin, who died in 1867. In 1869 he married Miss Sarah Hay, daughter of Horace Hay, of Wal- worth county, Wisconsin. There are three children by his first marriage: Jay, now in Nebraska; James, also in that State; and George, residing in Early. Politically, Mr. Wilson adheres to the Re- publican party. He is a public-spirited and highly respected citizen; is widely known throughout Sac county, where he has lived since May, 1871. He lived in Cook town- ship before its organization, and has held the 506 BIOQBAPHIOAL UI8T0RT OF office of Treasurer ever Bince, has also !>een Justice of the Peace and Assessor, and is now Road Supervisor and Trustee. All of these positions have been filled with credit to him- self and to the benefit of the township and <■< >unty. g W. JACKSON, a prominent stock- man of Banover township. Craw- C-sfSTi* ford county, was horn in Schoharie county, New York, in the year 1842, a son of .1. 1. and Mary Ann (Moore) Jack- son, natives respectively of Connecticut and Schoharie comity. New York.. When a young man the father re ved to the lat- ter State, where he was afterward married. He was prominently identified with the bar at (rillioa. Schoharie county, and he still re- sides in that city. His wife died there in L880. liny were the parents of six children, viz.: Rhoda, deceased in 1SS3, was the wife of O. Mace, of Greene county. New York; W. \\\. our Bubjeot; Luoinda, wife of Albert Hartley, of Schoharie county, New York; < Iscar, a farmer of that county; Edgar, a practicing attorney of Schoharie county; and Luther, in the employ of the West Shore Railroad of that county. W. \V. Jackson was reared and educated in the district schools of his native county In L862 be enlisted in Company E, One Hun- dred and Thirty-fourth New York [nfantry for three years, was mustered into service in Schoharie county, assigned to the Army of the I'otomae, and was honorably discharged at Barwood Hospital in December, 1S(>2. Ik- was then engaged in farming in New York until 1808, and then settled on a farm in I Dion township, Crawford county, where he was engaged in farming and stock-raising un- til 1883. In that year he located on his farm in Banover township. Mr. Jackson take- an active part in politics, voting with the Re- publican party, and served as a member of the I!oard of Supervisors. He was married at DenisOD, Iowa, January 5, 1870, to Miss Mattie McIIeniv, a native of Allegany county. New Fork, and a daugh- ter of J. V. and Dency (Teft) McHenry, na- tives also of New York. The father, a farmer by occupation, moved to Rock county, Wis- consin, in an early day, settling near Janes- ville. In L866 he came to Crawford county, Iowa, where he died March 16, 1891. His wife still resides in Union township, this county. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson have three sons: Ira, Edgar and Frank. Our subject has resided in Crawford county twenty-four years, and during that time has always taken an active interest in everything pertaining to its good. -^— ^ ■ •; -> DWIN MULLIN, a farmer of section '6, Blaine township, Ida county, was born in Montgomery county, Pennsyl vania, in 1836, a son of Robert and Mary (Hallowed) Mullin, natives also of that county. The parents were married in their native place, where the father learned the trade of a millwright, and also followed farming. He died in 1886, and the mother in ISS',1. Four of their children still sur- vive: Edwin, our subject: Israel, who resides on the old homestead in Pennsylvania; Jane, a widow of Thomas Kerbaugh, also on the old homestead: and l'lnebe, wife of David Lukers, of Philadelphia. Edwin Mullin, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native place. lie was em'ao-ed in farm nig there until com- ing to Ida county, Iowa, in 1880, where he CRAWFORD, IDA AND 8 AG COUNTIES. 507 has improved a farm. He erected a good barn, 50 x 32 feet, 18-foot posts, and has a beautiful orchard and shade trees. Mr. Mullin was married in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, in 1863, to Miss Anna B. Conard, a native of that county, and a daughter of Peter and Sarah (Ambler) Co- nard, natives also of that place. The father improved a farm in Montgomery county, where he died many years ago; the mother still resides there. Mr. and Mrs. Mullin have two children: Jane and Edwin. Our subject and wife are members of the Hicksite Friends Church. They are among the early pioneers of Plaine township, and Mr. Mullin has always taken an active interest in everything for the good of both his township and county. In his political views he takes an active in- terest in the Republican party, and has held the position of Township Supervisor one year. — S^^*^ |EORGE H. SHADLE, a resident of section 9, Cedar township, is one of the prominent men who came here in the spring of 1881. He was born in Indiana county, Pennsylvania, November 12, 1849, and was a son of George Shadle, a native of Pennsylvania, who had descended from an old family of the State, who had come from German ancestors. The mother of our sub- ject was named Susan Hileman, a native of Pennsylvania, a daughter of George Hileman, of the same place. Our subject was a lad of eight years when the family removed to Clinton county, Iowa, and settled near Comanche. Later the par- ents moved to Boone county, in 1868, and now live in Beaver township, the father aged sixty-seven and the mother sixty-eight years. By occupation the father is a farmer, in politics a Republican and a consistent mem- ber of the United Brethren Church. Twelve children were born to the parents of our sub- ject, four of these being sons, and one of the latter, John, was a member of the Sixteenth Iowa Infantry, in Company C, and he was taken prisoner and died. Our subject was reared in Clinton county, Iowa, on a farm and attended the common schools. In 1881 became to this section and took up a farm of 200 acres of wild land. He now has it in good shape, with a large grove and fine orchard, hence enjoys the comforts of farm life to the highest degree. His house is a nice frame residence of one story and a half, 14x26, and with an L of one story, 14x 18. This is all tastefully fur- nished, and his farm shows comfort and thrift in every direction. He has all the stabling and shed room to be found upon all well-conducted farms, and believes in making his cattle comfortable, and succeeds. Our subject was married at the age of nine- teen in the county of Clinton, Iowa, to Miss Elizabeth Cole, a woman of the greatest good sense and wise management. She was born in Indiana, a daughter of Madison Cole, a native of Indiana, and Jane (Swing) Cole, a native of Indiana. She was six years of age when her friends came to Clinton county, Iowa, where she was educated. Her parents are yet spared to her, living in Douglas town- ship. Six children have been born to our subject and wife, as follows: Hattie, the wife of Charles Larrimer, of Sac City, the mother of three children; Cora, wife of Leonard Patra, of La Porte county, Indiana, and she has one daughter; Bertha Viola, at home; William M., also at home; as also are Susan Ellen and Harry E. One little son, Clarence, died at the age of five weeks. 508 ItliKinM'llli M. BI6T0ST OF Our subject is a People's part \ man, be- lieving thai tin- principles of that organiza- tion me the best Eor the country. Be is known in all hia neighborhood as a man of the strictest integrity, and has many friends. The family is highly regarded l>y all who know them. f.\ M E S C A Ii T () N is one of the well- known and enterprising citizens of Cedar township and a resident on section 21. He was born in Antrim county, Ireland. . I nnc 1. 1833, a son of James Carton, Sr., who was horn in the same place, and the name of his mother was Elizabeth Troland Carton, a native of the same county in Ire- land. There the parents died, and there our Subject crew up and attended school until he was twenty years of age. At that time he left the old country and came to America, landing at Philadelphia and making his way to Chester county, in that State, where he remained Eor one year, and then removed to Putnam county, Illinois, and lived there many years. One year lie spent in Cherokee comity, Kansas, lint later returned to Illinois, and in 1879 came to Sac county, Iowa. After coming to Cedar township he first improved a good farm on section 4, and then sold it and bought eighty acres where he now lives, and this he has well improved also. Some of it had been improved by Ashury Young, and is now a good and valuable farm, having on it an excellent residence of six rooms, good yard and lawn and grove with a fine orchard. There is plenty of small fruit, sheds, stables, yards, pastures and meadows, and all in good condition. Our subject was married February 28, Im'.'J, in Putnam county, Illinois, to Bliss Julia I), Packinc-hani, a woman of great in- telligence and many graces of mind and per son. She was a native of Putnam county, Illinois, was born and reared there, and re- ceived her education in the schools of that State. She was a daughter of dames ami Elizabeth (I)ysart) Packingham, natives of Pennsylvania, whose last years were . passed in Illinois. They reared a family of four sons and tour daughters. Our subject and wife reared a family of five children: lames P., Archie Lorenzo, John Calvin; Susan Elizabeth, the wife of Frank Hamilton, of Early; and Mary Luella, wife of Leon E. Jaynes, of Early. Our subject is one of the enrolled Repub- licans of his neighborhood, and has held some of the positions of confidence in the town- ship. He was for some time on the School Board. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Cedar, and is a man of gr< at good sense. Mrs. Carton is also a mem- ber of Cedar Methodist Episcopal Church. They are well-informed and hospitable people, and Mr. Carton is regarded as oneof the most reliable citizens of the county. ^OLPII STEPAXKk", Charter Oak, Iowa, was born in Maquoketa, Jackson county, Iowa, August 14, 1863, son of Joseph and Josephine Stepanek. His parents are now living in Ward, Arkansas, but for fifteen years were honored residents of this county. His father improved a farm in Union township, and on it Adolph was reared from his thirteenth year. At the age of nineteen he begau working at the harness trade in Wil- ber, Nebraska, and spent some five years at that place. Returning to Iowa, he located at Defiance, where, March, 1886, he opened a CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 509 harness shop. Leaving there September, 1887, he went to Charter Oak, where, after conducting business one year, he sold out to A. L. Rule. Mr. Stepanek started the first harness shop in Charter Oak. Since he sold out he has been engaged in various pursuits. January 27, 1892, he returned to Charter Oak, and at this writing is in the employ of Cooper & Antrim. Mr. Stepanek was married November 2, 1885, to Miss Francis Matejka, a native of Iowa. They have four children: Julia, Lil- lian, Frank L. and Charles W. His political affiliations are with the Dem- ocratic party. tV. MILLER, proprietor of the Rink Liv- ery, Sale & Feed Barn, Battle Creek, =&® Iowa, is one of the prominent and suc- cessful business men of the town. This is the largest and best establishment of the kind in Battle Creek, the building being 30 x 80 feet, and well arranged and equipped throughout. Mr. Miller keeps a full line of carriages and buggies and from ten to six- teen good driving horses, speedy and gentle. His extensive acquaintance throughout the country and his kind courtesy to pftrons at once secured for him a good trade. Mr. Miller was born near Monroe, in Green county, Wisconsin, September 24, 1858. His father, Charles Miller, a native of Pennsyl- vania, and one of the early settlers of Green county, Wisconsin, died in Watonwan county, Minnesota, at the age of sixty-eight years. His mother, whose maiden name was Martha Adams, was born in Tennessee, and is now liv- ing in Martin county, Minnesota, aged sixty- eight years. They had seven children, three sons and four daughters, I. V., being the second-born. When he was five years old the family moved to Benton county and lo- cated near Vinton, where he grew up to farm life, receiving his education in the common schools and at Tillford Academy in Vinton. In 1882 he came to Ida county, and spent two years here. Then he went to Storm Lake, Iowa, and for two years was a traveling sales- man for the Singer Sewing Machine Com- pany. At the end of that time he returned to Ida county, and has since made his home here. He lived in Garfield township for some time previous to locating in Battle Creek. Mr. Miller was married in Benton county, Iowa, in 1881, to Miss Ada Usher, daughter of G. S. Usher, a prominent citizen of Ida comity. They have six children: Dolly, Lelia, Vida, Francis, Ray U, and Le Roy. Mr. Miller is a Republican, and politically, socially and financially he is classed with the best citizens of the town. i AVID MORRISON, a farmer and stock- raiser of section 24, Blaine township, Ida county, was born in Fifeshire, Scot- land, in 1830, a son of William and Margaret (Coventry) Morris, natives also of that place. The father, a mason by trade, left his native land in 1852, locating in De Kalb county, Illinois, where he began work at his trade. Mr. and Mrs. Morrison reared a family of six children, three now living, viz.: John, a farmer, of DeKalb county, Illinois; Robert, of Kansas; and David, our subject. The par- ents both died in De Kalb county. David Morrison, the subject of this notice, was reared and educated in his native coun- try, also worked at farm labor for £12 per 610 BIOGB \rilic\l. HI8T0RT OF year. In 1852 lie came to the United States, locating tir>t in New York, Liter in DeKalb eoDnty, Illinois, where he oj)ened a farm, ami, in 1879, came to Ha county, Iowa. Mr. Morrison purchased 100 acres of raw prairie land, in 1889, and erected a good two-story dwelling, located on a natural building site, the main building being 16x24 feet, with an L, 12x18 feet. He now owns 320 acres of well cultivated land, five acres of which is de- voted to one of the finest plum orchards in the county, numbering some eighteen varie- ties. The farm is well watered by Odebolt creek, and he is making a specialty of fine- blooded cattle, keeping about thirty head. In his political views .Mr. Morrison takes an active interest in the Republican party. lie was married in New York to Mary Mc- Xabb, a native of Perthshire, Scotland, and a daughter of John McXabb, also a native of that place. To this union have been born the following children, viz.: William, of this township; Murray, wife of Michael Barclay, of Sac county, Iowa.; John, at home, and who suffered the loss of an arm about nine years ago; and Mary. Stewart, Minta and Thomas, all of whom died of diphtheria in 1866. Mr. Morrison is one of the oldest pioneers of Blaine township ;was instrumental in securing the present location of Arthur, and has made what he has by his own industry and frugal- ity, and has always taken an active interest in everything for the good of his township or county, Both he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. 1 1. ARK \. SEARLE, a farmer of Dela- ware township, Sac county, was born in Rock Island county, Illinois, October 5, 1854, a son of James Searle, who was born at Wheeling, West Virginia, in 1 n02, while his parents were en route from Vermont to Fair- field county, Ohio. His father was a soldier in the war of 1812. The mother of our sub- ject, nee Elizabeth Clark, was born in fair- Held county, Ohio, where her father was one of the first settlers. She married James Searle September 28, 1853. Mr. Searle moved from Ohio to Rock Island county, Illinois, in 1840, where he died in 1876. He was a farmer and carpenter by occupation; politi- cally, a Whig, and later a Republican; and was a Class-leader in the Methodist Episcopal Church. The mother died in 1880. They were the parents of five children: C. N., Wellington (dead), Mary, Clara and Sher- man. The father was three times married, and one of his soii6, E. J., was an associate judge of the supreme court in Arkansas. Four sons, E. J., Elmer, James and Alva P. were soldiers in the late war. Elmira and Pauline were daughters by the first marriage; Melcina was the only child by the second. C. N. Searle, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Rock Island county, Illinois, also attending the Illinois Industrial University at Urbana, that State. Since completing his education he has been a successful teacher in both Illinois and Sac county, Iowa. In December, 1882, he located on 160 acres of wild land in this county, which he has since improved, and his dwell- ing, 20x20 feet, is beautifully located. Mr. Searle is engaged in general farming and dairying. August 29, 1882, he was married to Miss Emma J. Crompton, born December 5, 1858, formerly a successful and popular teacher, and a daughter of F. E. and Percie (Moody) Crompton, the former a native of Manches- ter and the latter of Lincolnshire, England. They were the parents of ten children, viz.: CRAWFORD IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. all Emma J., George W., John EL, Frank E., Grace G., Ellen M., Maud, Maggie, Edna B. and Lillie. Three of the daughters are resi- dents of Sac county: Mrs. Searle; Mrs. Ed Price, of Sac City; and Maud, a successful teacher of Delaware township. Mr. and Mrs. Searle have four children: Jessie E., Mary A., Clark W. and Laverne C. The eldest child, Bessie, died at the age of eighteen months. Politically, our suhject is a leader in the Republican party, has served 6even years as Justice of the Peace, and is now Township Clerk and secretary and manager of the Delaware Center Creamery Company. Socially, he is a member of the I. O. G. T., No. 608, of Delaware Centre. <: 4©^ > ■11I! ALTER B0WMAN > one of the P io " SH neer settlers of Sac county, Iowa, r"t$STj was born in Merrimack county, New Hampshire, February 13, 1841, a son of Levi and Ruth (Abbott) Bowman. The father was born in New England, August 27, 1795, and died in Merrimack county, New Hamp- shire, October 25, 1841. The mother, born in Bradford. New Hampshire. November 10, 1800, died April 25, 1861. Walter Bowman, the youngest of four children, was reared on a farm in his native county. In 1865 he located near Pecatonica, "Winnebago county, Illinois, where he fol- lowed farming until 1870, and in that year settled in Grundy county, Iowa. Five years afterward he located on his present farm in Eureka township, Sac county, Iowa, then wild land, and the nearest railroad was the Illinois Central, at Storm Lake, eighteen miles. Mr. Bowman now has one of the best mproved and most valuable farms in the county, where he is engaged in general farm- ing and stock-raising. He has a barn, 26 x 36 feet, a shed, 24x80 feet, windmill, mill for grinding feed, and a beautiful grove and orchard. Our subject was married at Chester, Wind- sor county, Vermont, September 27, 1866, to Miss Thressa Eastman, who was born, reared and educated in that State, a daughter of Alfred and Lucinda (Gowing) Eastman. The parents died in Windsor county, Vermont, the mother dying when Mrs. Bowman was a small child, and the father about three years ago. The latter was a contractor and builder by oc- cupation. Mr. and Mrs. Eastman reared a fam- ily of four children, two sons and two daugh- ters One son, Seymour, served four years in the late war. Another son, Henry, came to this county in 1876, where he died April 13, 1877. Mr. and Mrs. Bowman have three children: Waldo E., born July 1, 1869; Bert E., and Bertha I., born in Grundy county, Iowa, May 3, 1872. The children were well educated in the Normal Business College of Storm Lake, and the daughter has been a suc- cessful teacher for the past four years. Mr. Bowman is identified with the Republican party, and socially, is a member of the A. O. U. W. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian Church of Schaller. Our subject takes an active interest in education and religion, and the family are respected by all who know them. H. STENHOUSE, one of the well- known and prominent citizens of VMprl^Sac county, was born in Racine county, Wisconsin, September 3, 1849, a son of Samuel Stenhouse, a native of Scotland. The father was twenty years of age when he came to the United States, later located in 512 BIOGRAPHICAL HIBTOBT OF Racine comity, Wisconsin, and was there married to the mother of trar subject. She afterward died, leaving two children, W. II. and Harriett. The father still resides in Ra- cine county, aged seventy-one years, lie is a farmer by occupation, and a Republican in his political views. \V. H. Stenhouse, the subject of this sketch, was reared to farm life in his native county. In L876 he located on wild land in Sac county, Iowa, and is now oneof its prominent and well- to-do farmers, owning 240 acres of good land. His residence, 14 x 18 feet, is well located, and has a grove of eight acres, an orchard of one acre, and all other necessary farm improve- ments. Mr. Stenhouse was married in the spring of 1877, in Racine county, Wisconsin, to Emiline Dobson, a daughter of Richard and Jane (Cockroft) Dobson, natives of England. ( liir subject and wife have two children: Bert A. and Roy F. Politically, Mr. Stenhouse is identified with the Republican party, and religiously, his wife is a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church of Bethel. Mr. Sten- house has the respect and confidence of all who know him, and is one of the substantial business men of Delaware township. W. GATES.— One of the leading fac- tors in the management of affairs in \^ the township of Cedar, Sac county, Iowa, is the gentleman whose name opens this brief biographical sketch, a prominent and well-known farmer of this locality. He was born in Dodge county, Wisconsin, Janu- ary 22, 1860, son of R. S. and Helen (Parish) Gates. The former was a son of Obed Gates, a native of Massachusetts, and was born Dear Utica, New Fork; the mother was born in Jefferson county, New York, was a daughter of Chester Parish, a native of New York, born near Whitehall. The parents of our subject emigrated in ls4'J to Dodge county, Wisconsin, settling on a farm which they opened up, becoming early pioneers of that State. They reared a Family of seven children. The Father now resides in San Jose, Califor- nia, where he is engaged in fruit culture. Our subject was reared on a farm in Dodge county, Wisconsin, but received his educa- tion in the high school of Tort Atkinson, Wisconsin. In 1881 he left Wisconsin and proceeded to Iowa, settling in Sac county as his place of residence. The farm on which he settled was a good one, of 160 acres, which had been opened up by his father previous to the settlement of our subject in the State. Since taking charge of the land Mr. Gates has improved it, and now has his broad acres in a good state of cultivation. The pleasant home in which he resides is a one and one- half story frame structure, with dimensions of 16 x 24 feet, and an addition, 12 x 18 feet. Surrounding this home is a fine grove of five acres, two and one-half acres of which are de- voted to fruit trees. In addition he has some fine varieties of small fruit. The barn is a good one, with dimensions of 24 x 24 feet, 18-foot posts, and an addition, 14 x 24 feet. The cow-shed is 16x24 feet; while a comfortable shelter is provided for the poul- try, 18x24 feet. A windmill of modern make supplies the stock with water, while all the food is ground in a mill for that purpose. On this land Mr. Gates carries on general farming and stock-feeding. II is farm is nicely situated about four miles from Sac City." The marriage of Mr. Gates occurred De- cember 2"). 188:5, in Sac county, Iowa, to Miss Josephine Lemon, born in Warren county, CRAWFORD, IDA AND HAG COUNTIES. 513 Iowa, where she was reared and educated. She is a daughter of Ben Lemon, of Jackson township, Sac county, Iowa. Her mother's maiden name was Caroline Miller. To our subject and wife three children have been born, namely: Myrtie Iola, Ai Roswell and Hazel. Mr. Gates takes an active interest in politics, voting with the Republican party, by whom he was made a member of the School Board. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which they are important factors. He is still a young man, in the prime of life, with a bright future before him. In all movements calcu- lated to prove of benefit to township or county he is to be found at the head, and his support may always be counted upon in all matters affecting the public welfare. £ > gDWARD FAIR, one of the pioneer set- tlers of Ida county, Iowa, was born in Tyrone county, Ireland, in 1831, son of James and Susanah (Graham) Fair, natives of Ireland and descendants of Scotch ancestry. Mr. Fair spent his early days on the farm, attended the common schools, and learned the carpenters' trade. After reaching his major- ity he located on a small piece of land, and in connection with his farming was also engaged in working at the carpenters' trade. Being a progressive man, and always on the alert to better his condition, Mr. Fair deter- mined to come to America. Arriving here in 1880, he purchased 320 acres of land in sections 17 and 20, Silver Creek township, Ida county, Iowa, and since then has added to lii s original purchase, now being the owner of 480 acres, all under cultivation, well fenced, and with good building improvements. His two-story residence is 16 x 24 feet, with an L of the same dimensions. The substantial and well-arranged barn is 48 x 46 feet, and he also has numerous other buildings for grain and stock. Surrounding the residence is a beautiful grove of about two acres. One acre is devoted to fruit. He devotes his time to general farming and stock-raising, among his stock being some of the best breeds. He is an intelligent, energetic and thoroughgoing farmer, and one of the wealth- iest in the township, his accumulations all being the result of his own industry and good management. He affiliates with the Demo- cratic party; is one of the Township Trustees and a member of the School Board, acting as Treasurer of the same. In 1855 Mr. Fair wedded Miss Martha Birney, who, like himself, is a native of Ty- rone county, Ireland. Following are the names of their six children: James B., John, Maggie, William A., Mary and Martha. The three oldest children are in California. He and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Personally, he is a man of strong constitution and genial tempera- ment, and is popular with all who know him. §M. REES, a prominent and influential farmer and stock-raiser of Silver Creek ® township, residing on section 35, was born in Dubuque county, Iowa, in 1855. He was the son of J. M. and Elizabeth (Ellis) Rees, natives of New York and England, re- spectively. The ancestry of the father can be traced back to the early Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam. Mr. and Mrs. Rees, Sr., removed to Chicago, and while there Mr. Rees was engaged keepino- books. In 1853 they moved to Dubuque county, Iowa, where the father died, but the mother is still living. 5H BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF Our Babied was reared and educated in t lit- Bchoole of Dubuque county, tinishing his education at the Epworth Seminary. After tbal In- proceeded t<> put to use the truths he had learned daring his school life and fol- lowed the life of a teacher for Bome time, both in Dubuque and [da < uties. Upon coming to tliiH county our Bubject purchased L20 acres of land, which he broke and im- proved. Mr. Rees baa added t<>his first pur chase until he now lias "Jlo acres of land, Bituuted nine miles from [da Green. The (arm is well watered bj the Elk creek thai passes through it. <>n this farm Mr. Reee has a substantia] farm residence, the main part is 16x26, with in L, 16 x 16, all a storj and a half high, and a kitchen, 12 x 14, one story in height. On this place also maj be found all necessary outbuildings for the feed ing, housing and raising of stock. He is building a basement barn, 32x44, It! Eeel h'hdi, with a shed Hi feel wid i the easl side and a Bhed I s feet wide on the north end, 1 1 IVet high. The ham will be Bup plied with a grain dump and elevator, mak- ing it very convenient for feeding. The premises are surrounded l>\ a beautiful grove of two acres, and in the yard are ornamental trees. The house is built on an elevation, overlooking the surrounding country. Be «;b one of the first Bettlera of the township, and l>y his energetic efforts has contributed much toward the growth of the settlement Mr. Rees was married, in 1SS.'{, to Miss Hannah, of Dubuque county, Iowa, a daugh- ter of James and Isabella Cunningham, natives of [reland and early settlers of Galena, llli nois, from which place the] came to Dnbnque county, Iowa, where the lather died In [861, hut the mother is :-till alive. Mr.-. ReeS was educated in Dubuqi unty. and was one ..l' the lead i no teachers of the county for Borne years. Mr. ami Mrs. Rees have three chil- dren: Esther, Joseph and Mary Isahella. Mr. Rees and hi- wife are active members id' the Congregational Church, of Silver ( 'reek township, in which he is a Deaconand Super- intendent of the Sunday-school. Both are worthy people and enjoy the esteem of all who know them. fnllN f'. CHATTIN, the Bubject of the following notice, is a prominent farmer id' Soldier town-hip, who located on Bee ti.m '.'1 in 1884. II'- engage 1 in the car- penters' trade, principally along the Soldier river, and followed this work for BOme years, being employed bj Messrs. \\' I. Barrett & Xeal. lie continued at this excellent trade until 1890. He was born in Clarke county, Ohio, in 1 Slid, and was t he BOH of James and Mary (Foster) Chattin, the parents from New Jerseyand <>hio, respectively. When a young man the father emigrated to Ohio, going OU foot from his home in New Jersey. He was a millwright by trade, and followed the call- ing of milling while in Clarke county, where he married Later he removed to Linn county, Iowa, and went into the steam Baw- milling business, and remained at that in this county until hi- death, in lsTl. The ex- cellent mother of our subject now lives in Oregon. This couple had a famifj of nine children, of whom three died young; the others are: Henry, a married man living in Missouri: he enlisted in Linn county. Iowa. in the Sixth Iowa Cavalry, and was in the service two year--, .lames Webster enlisted in Linn county, in the Thirty-first Iowa Cav- alry, ami was in the service about one year, when his death occurred, at the Biege of Yicks- bure; William K. enlisted in Linn county CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNT IKS. 015 Iowa, in the Sixth Iowa Infantry, and con- tinued in the service for four years, serving under General Sherman, being actively en- gaged in sixteen pitched battles. He enlisted as a private and came out of the struggle with a lieutenant's com mission. lie now resides in Oregon. Still another of this loyal fam- ily offered himself to the service of his coun- try: Charles, when only sixteen years of age, went to the war, but was taken sick and had to return. As soon as he recovered he re- enlisted in the three months' service. lie now lives in Oregon. Surah also lives in that State. Our subject was reared in Ohio until about the age of sixteen years, and received his education in the schools of Clarke county, Ohio. He then learned the trade of mill- wright with his father and followed this in Linn county, Iowa, and then learned the trade of carpenter, and was successfully en- gaged in that for many years. lie, like his brave brothers, went into the army when the war-cry sounded. He enlisted in Linn county in August, 1802, in Company A, Twentieth Iowa Infantry, for three years. He was mustered into the service at Clinton, and was assigned to the Western army. He was in the battles of Prairie Grove, siege of Vicksburg, blockading the Texas coast, at Brownsville, siege of Fort Morgan, Fort Blakely and Mobile He was honorably dis- charge'! at Mobile, Alabama, in 1865, and was mustered out at Clinton, Iowa, in 1865, and then returned to his business of mill- wrighting in Linn county, Iowa. This brave soldier was married in 1x67 to Miss Mary Xauman,a native of Germany, the daughterof Melchor and Christina (Hoffman) Nauman, who came to Linn county in 1850. They came by stage from.Chicajio, and also by way of the canal and river to Muscatine. The father's death occurred on the way between Chicago and Muscatine. His afflicted wife died the same night after reaching Marion, Iowa, leaving a family of six children: Ed- ward was about fourteen, and in 1860 he moved to Marshall county, Kansas, and be- came a farmer. In f861 he enlisted in Com- pany H, Second Kansas Cavalry, for three years, or during the war, under Colonel Blnnt, and was in the battle of Ball's Bluff, Arkansas. He served his three years, and was killed by a sharpshooter near Little Rock, lie was one of the advanced guard of eleven men. The next one, John, lived in Linn county until 1889, and then moved to Marshall county, Kansas. Bernard is a farmer of Marshall county and emigrated there in 1871. Ernestine is the wife of E. P. Taylor, of Marion, Iowa, and Augustus resides in Marshall county, Kansas, with his family. Mrs. Chat tin has seen her parents' family become comfortable, although their young lives were so early bereft. Our subject in 1884 bought forty acres of raw prairie land, and has so improved it by fencing, building a nice residence and set- ting out fruit tmd shade trees that one could scarcely recognize* the place. He now owns a fine farm of eighty acres in a good state of cultivation, and which is well watered by the Soldier river. Mr. Chattin takes some interest in politics and votes with the Republican party. He has served as .lust ice of the Peace for eight years, and has been Assessor for one year. He has been appointed on the School Board at different times. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity in Linn county. His ex- cellent wile is a devout member of the Chris- tian Church. Mr. and Mrs. Chattin are the parents of three living children: Allan I>. is attending 510 UltililiAl'lIlCM. HISTORY OF school al Ames, Iowa, studying civil en gineering; A.ugnsta and Grace. One lovely daughter died at the age of nineteen years, in 1890. Mr. Chattin is one of the early men of Soldier township, and has seen at least ninety per cent of the growth and development. When lie located here the nearest house was four miles on the south and nine miles on the north, and now there is no vacant land. He Imilt the first building erected in Charter Oak, and it now is occupied by Mr. J. B. Romans. fOSEPB JONES.— The subject of the present sketch is the senior member of the Grant City Mills Company, of Giant City, Iowa. He Was born in Preble county, Ohio, April 12, 182t>, and was a son of Charles .loiies, who was born in North Caro- lina and who came to Preble county, Ohio, when a boy. His wife, Anna Bogue, was born in South Carolina. They belonged to the Society of Quakers, and became the par- ents of eight children. Of those surviving, William lives in Cass county, Michigan, a retired fanner; Keziah lives in Cass county; and Joseph is our subject, one of the prom- inent men of Iowa. In 1S30 the parents of Our subject removed to Michigan, where they were pioneers, this being before the Indians were removed west of the Mississippi river. Mr. Jones settled in Penn township, in Cass county, and there the mother died, at the age of sixty-two years, and the father in later years, at the age of seventy-three. In politics he had been a Whig. Our subject was reared to farm life, edu- cated in the subscription Schools, assisted in opening up the borne farm, and in L865 lie came to Sac comity, locating in Sac township, where be bought LIS acres of land, which he has put in a tine state of cultivation, and this he still owns. He was married at the age of twenty-two in Cass county, Michigan, to Charlotte Crigo, daughter of Rudolph and Elsie (Strinehan) Crigo. To our subject and wife live children have been born, as follows: Rosetta, wife of Abrani Baeler, of Auburn, Sac county; Emma, wife of William I.eland, of Ilawarden, Iowa; William, the minister of the Methodist Church at Oklahoma: Frank J., a minister of the Methodist Epi pal Church, but is now at college at Evanston, Illinois, although he resides at Calista, Illi- nois; George II. lives at Grant City. Kmina, William and Frank have been identified with the educational interests of the county as teachers. Ttulift' died at the age of thirteen years. Our snbject became connected with the milling interests of Grant City in 1887, and his partner, Mr. Dinner, has been so con- nected for the past twenty years. The pres- ent mill was erected in 1881, and is a good frame building, with good machinery, with three run of buhrs. Mr. Jones is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he is a Trustee. He has always taken a deep interest in the advancement of the county, ami lias regarded educational and church interests as very important. He a>si>tod very materially in the building of the church in Grant City. In politics he is a prohibitionist, having for- merly been a Republican. f\ MES JACKSON, a successful farmer of Sac county, Iowa, was born in Cumber- land county. England, March 10, 1S4'J, a mim el' .lame.- and Margaret (Ruddl .lack- ^& U ^/^>LtdL CRAWFORD, IDA AND 8 AG COUNTIES. 517 son, natives also of England. When our subject was twelve years of age the parents located near Niagara Falls, in Canada, three years later went to Delaware county, Iowa, where they were among the early pioneer set- tlers of Breiner township, and next to Delhi, this State. They both died in the latter place, in 1887, the father at the age of sev- enty-eight years, and the mother aged seventy- three years. They were the parents of ten children. James Jackson, the subject of this sketch, was early inured to farm labor, and received a good education at Lenox Collegiate Insti- tute, at Hopkinton, Iowa. After leaving school he was a successful and popular teacher seventeen terms. In August 1862, at Lin- coln's call for 300,000 more volunteers, he enlisted in the Twenty-first Iowa Infantry, Company K, and participated in the battles of Hartville, Tort Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, siege of Vicksburg, Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely and Mobile. At Hartville, Missouri, he was wounded in the right wrist and left shoulder, and was hon- orably discharged at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. In 1873, Mr. Jackson located on wild land in Sac county, Iowa, and he now owns 200 acres of good and well improved land, with a dwelling, 22 x 26 feet, and an L, 12 x 16 feet, a grove of thirteen acres, and an orchard of one acre. Mr. Jackson was married in Delaware county, Iowa, April 3, 1867, to Ursula Fitz- siinmons, who was born in Vermont, Sep- tember 7, 1846, a daughter of C. P. and Ursula (Hitchcock) Fitzsimmons, early and well-known citizens of Delaware township, Sac county. Our subject and wife have six children: Reuben J., Emma W., W. E., Charles F., Birdie L., and J. Atlee. The great loss of Mr. Jackson's life was in the 38 death of his beloved wife, December 22, 1889. She was a most estimable lady, an affectionate wife and mother, and was beloved by all who knew her. Politically, Mr. Jackson takes an active interest in the Republican party, has served as Justice of the Peace, as Township Trustee, and as President of the School Board. Socially, he is a charter member of the G. A. R., McDowell Post, No. 391, and also a member of the A. O. U. W. He is a member and an active worker in the Method- ist Episcopal Church and Sabbath-school. M A. CUMMINGS, or » Dell," was born fffl in De Kalb, Illinois, on the 18th day of ^5- a July, 1868. He was the son of a poor Methodist preacher, and had but little schooling, but has acquired a fair education by studying at night after he had finished work; had no schooling after he was twelve years of age. He entered the printing business at an un- usually early age, and has been engaged in Borne branch of it continuously ever since, and was at one time the youngest editor in the State. He is at present editor and pub- lisher of the West Side Journal, a weekly newspaper, which was established by himself October 15, 1892. He has been engaged on a number of the leading papers of the West, and has made the printing business his life study. jLARK T. MARSHALL, Vice-President of the Farmers' State Bank, Charter Oak, Iowa, a man well-known and highly respected here, resides on his large stock farm in section 14, Charter Oak town- ship. .".IS i;in,,i;.\rnWAL HISTORY OF i |,. ie b native of Kane county, Qlinois, born Januan :; - L847, son of John and MLar garel (Davis) Marshall. II is father's ances tore were New England people, and hie mother's were Yankee and German. The Father now lives with our Buhject, the mother having died in IS'.M. after a happy wedded life of nearly sixty years. They reared ten children. Those living are as fellows: Will- iam I!.. Paradise township,. this county; Har- riet, wife of George Woolson, of Minnesota; A lire, wife of Horace Nash, Fletcher, Sac county, towa; Julia, wife of Henry Jobe, East Boyer township, this county; Mary, wife of 11 iihei't Sheldon, of Ilouldcr, ( 'olorado; ('. T., our subject, and Celia, wife of Daniel Sheldon, of Mel [enry county, 1 llinois. The siihject of our sketch was reared to farm life in Illinois. He may truly he termed a self-made man. as he started out in life on his own responsibility at the agfc of fourteen. By the ti he was eighteen he had saved $1,370. Although he has had many obsta cles to meet and overcome, he has gone Bteadily on, and by honest industry and - I management has gained a financial footing among the most substantial men of this county. After having reached his majority Mr. Marshall came to Iowa. He spent one year in Sioux City, and from there came, in 1870, to Crawford county. His first purchase of land here was a tract of 120 acres of prairie in section 14, Charter Oak township, upon which a small shanty had been built. Since 1^72 he has made his home on this property. In ls~:* he erected a good harn, 32x50 feet, and from time to time put np other buildings for Btocl and grain. In L880 he bnill a fine frame residence. His grove of fourteen acres is of his own planting. As the years rolled by and he wa9 successful in his operations, he purchased other lands, being now the owner of 1,200 acres. lie has also bought and sold oilier farms. Of late year- Mr. Marshall has turned his attention more especially to the stock business, feeding and shipping from 600 to 800 head of cattle annually. He is one of the stockholders of the Farm- ers' State Hank of Charter Oak, and is at present, as already stated, vice president of the same. His political affiliations are with the Republican party. Mr. Marshall was married April 2, 1872, to Miss Dora Corastock, a native of New York State and a daughter of Smith and Elizabeth Coiustock. They have eleven chil- dren, namely: Celia M., Elgia C, Harriett P... Nellie M., Lena M., Jesse 15. , Mabel M.. Mattie E., lone E., Clarke T. and Charlie .1. Celia M. is the wife of John 'Hart and lives at Mapleton, Iowa. The other children are at home. RAY, BA11COCK & SEERS, grain merchants of Odeholt, Sac county, Iowa. were organized in 18S5 for the purpose of handling grain, stock, coal and seeds. They erected a large elevator, with a capacity of 40,000 bushels, and they have handled an- nually, from this point, upward of 130 ears of corn, which will average upward of 600 bushels, and also twenty cars of barley, aver- aging 700 bushels per car, with twenty I'ue cars of flaxseed, averaging Ho. 000 hushels, forty cars of oats, averaging SOU hushels, while the shipments of hogs will vary from L25 to 150 cars. The firm also has elevators at Bat- tle Creek, [da Grove, Arthur and Lohrvillc, and are heavy dealers at all points. L. M. Cray, our Bubiect, the head of the firm, was horn in Ulster county, New York, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNT/PJS. 019 July 27, 1840. He was the son of Thomas and Mary (Beasemer) Gray, natives of New York, of old Yankee stock on the paternal side, while the maternal ancestry stretches back to Germany. Our subject was brought up until his twelfth year on the farm, and then the family removed to McHenry county, Illinois, where his occupation was not changed, if the place was. He received his education in the public schools and then prepared for the life of a farmer, but at the age of twenty- two he enlisted, August 9, 1862, in Company A, Ninety-fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and remained until mustered out, August 17, 1865. He was wounded at Nicojack creek, Georgia, in a skirmish, and took part in the battles of Champion Hill, Vicksburg, Nashville, Spanish Fort, Blakely and a num- ber of skirmishes. After his term of service expired he returned to McHenry, Illinois, and there engaged in farming, but in the fall of 1886 he removed to Boone county, Iowa, and located on a farm there, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1880 he went into the stock business in connection with his farming, and in 1886 he came to Odebolt, where he has since been associated with the firm of Gray, Babcock & Seers. Mr. Gray is one of the most enter- prising men of this county, is a strong Re- publican, and is Justice of the Peace and Notary Public of Odebolt. He was married in 1865, in Illinois, to Miss Nellie Babcock, who survived only six years, and died at the age of thirty-four. Mr. Gray was again married, in 1877, to .Miss Mary McLaman, of Iowa, but a native of Ohio. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Gray, namely: Delia, Nellie and Angie. Socially, our subject is a member <>f G. A. II., Colonel Goodrich Post, No. 117, and is Commander of the same. Also he is a member of A. F. & A. M., Wheeler Lodge, No. 398. In his religious connections he is a member of the Presbyterian Church, in which he is a Deacon. fifHEODORE YAUGER, a farmer of Sac county, Iowa, was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, February 29, 1848, a son of John and Eliza (Abrahams) Yauger, natives also of Pennsylvania. The father died in his native county, and the mother now resides at Grand Ridge, La Salle county, Illinois. Theodore Yauger, our subject, was reared on a farm in his native county. In 1869 he located near Ottawa, La Salle county, Illinois, later at Grand Ridge, that county; spent the year of 1882 in Buena Vista county, Iowa, and then came to Eden township, Sac county. His fine farm of eighty acres is well located near a school, and his dwelling i6 16x24 feet, with an L, 12x12 feet. Mr. Yauger has all the necessary improvements on his place and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Politically, be is a zealous worker in the Republican party, lias served as a member of the School Board four years, and also as Township Trustee. Socially, lie is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, No. 1449 of Storm Lake. Mr. Yauger was married January 25, 1872, by Lev. Levi Springer, to Miss Catherine Ann Crawford, a native of Ireland, and a daughter of Robert and Eliza Crawford, natives also of that country. Our subject suffered a great lo>^ in the death of his wife, duly 12, 1874, at the age of twenty-six years. She was a consistent member of the Methodist Episco- pal Chnrchj ami at her death left two daugh- ter:-: (Mara Amelia and Catherine A. The BIOGIIAPHWM. BISTORT OF latter Lb a successful teacher in this county. Mr. Yanger is a man in the prime of life, and is « iru- of tlic representative and honorable business men of Sac county. K. BOOTH. -Among the well-known ami liiglily respected citizens of Sac '° county, wild settled in Delaware town- ship in 1885, occurs the name of the Bubjecl of this short biographical sketch. He was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, Marcb 14, 1840, the son of Jesse and Anna (Rich- ards) I'.ooth. both natives of the same place. The grandfather of our subject, Edwin I'.ooth, was a native of Ireland, while the father of Mrs. Booth, William Richards, was a native of England, who came in an early day to Mercer county, Pennsylvania. Our subject was a boy of four years when the family re- moved to Henderson county. Illinois. Later they removed to Hancock county, and finally settled in McDonough county, same State. The mother died in Henderson county at the age of thirty-seven, while the father's demise occurred in 1S70, when he was fifty- six years old. lie and his wife reared a fam- ily of live children, four sons and one daugh- ter, three of the sons serving in the late war, namely: .lame-, in the Tenth Illinois Infantry for over three years, now resides in Cherokee county, Iowa; Harvey, in the Ninety-first Illinois for two years, now resides at Albion, Marshall county, Iowa; our subject; Rufus II., the youngest son, lives in Cherokee coun- ty, Iowa; Vang A., married J. E. Lyon and lives in Henderson county, Illinois. ( ) ii r Bubject, after being reared to farm life, receiving his education in the public schools, enlisted April 27, 1861, in the Tenth [llinois Volunteer Infantry for three months. At the expiration of his term of service he re- enlisted as a veteran, and participated in the battles of Stone River, Missionary Ridge, At- lanta, Bentouville, Corinth and in the Caro- lina campaign. He was wounded while in North Carolina by a ininie ball in his left knee, being confined for a short time in the hospital by it, at Beaufort, South Carolina. Later he was taken on shipboard anil con- veyed to Long Island, where he remained lour weeks, then went to Alexandria, Virginia; later joining his regiment at Washington, District of Columbia. He participated in the errand review on crutches, and was honor- ably discharged duly 4, 1865, with the rank of ( 'orporal. After his discharge he returned to his home, and in ls71 removed to Putnam county, Missouri, where he remainad three years, alter which he located in Marshall comity, Iowa, near Oilman, whore he made his home until February, 1880. At that date he settled in Ida county. Iowa, near Ida Grove, remained there a short time then re- moved to Cook township, Sac county, and remained there until his removal to Dela- ware township, which has remained his home ever since. Mr. Booth was married April 16, 1867, at Burlington, Iowa, to Miss Nancy E. Mc Clnre, born in Greenbrier county, Virginia, daughter of Arthur and Fannie (Cosebult) McClure, the former born in Greenbrier county, Virginia, the latter a native of Poca- hontas county, same State. Both were reared, educated and married in Virginia and the mother died in Greenbrier county, at the age of twenty-four, leaving two children: Vang F. and Susan C. The father survived her until he reached the age of sixty-six, dying in Putnam county, Missouri. To our subject and wife eleven children have been born, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 521 namely: Stella M., wife of Prof. C. H. Jump, of Early; Leroy G. ; Nevada Irene, a dress- maker of Early; Harry W., Minnie Myrtle, Vinta Fay, Nellie F., Ross E. and Bessie Merl. Their last two children, James H. and Leora C, died, the former, September 30, 1872, aged two years; the latter, August 10, 1880, aged three years. Mr. Booth takes an active interest in politics, casting his vote for the Democratic candidates. Socially, he is a member of the G. A. B. Post at Newell, Iowa, although he was formerly connected with the McDowell Post at Schaller. He is also a member of the I. O. O. F. Mrs. Booth is an earnest worker in the Methodist Epis- copal Church, in which she is much respected. Mr. Booth is one of the representative citi- zens of Delaware township and enjoys the respect and esteem of all who know him. ■| - 3 " S - 1" W. YOUNG, the able proprietor and editor of the principal newspaper of r ° Battle Creek, Iowa, comes from the Pine Tree State, having been born in Maine, March 28, 1843. His parents were Captain Ed B. and Ruth (Eells) Young, both natives of New England. The father of the subject of this sketch was a sea captain, who went to California in 1849 and died there. Mr. Young was reared in Bellville, Ohio, until 1851, when he removed to Indianola, Warren county, Iowa, where he lived for thirteen years. His first work for himself was done in the employ of the Indianola Visitor, in which position he remained for six years. He then returned to Ohio and was in the Herald office at Mansfield, that State, for one year. He then again removed to Iowa, and for four years was in the em- ploy of Mills & Co., at Des Moines, being first employed as assistant foreman of the job room and later as foreman of the press room. He afterward took charge of the Des Moines Bulletin, but on its discontinuance, went, in the fall of 1870, to Storm Lake, Bnena Vista county, Iowa, where he started the Pilot, the first newspaper ever published in that county. He also filled the position of Postmaster in Storm Lake under the ad- ministration of Presidents Hayes, Garfield and Arthur. He continued to be thus occu- pied until 1881, when, owing to financial reverses and the dishonesty of a partner, he sold out his interest and removed to Ida Grove. Here he had charge of the news depot for ten months, after which he came to Battle Creek and assumed the publishing of the newspaper here, which had changed hands five or six times shortly before his advent. Under Mr. Young's energetic and careful management, this paper has become the lead- ing periodical of the county. He has missed the superintendency of but two issues since taking charge of the paper, once when a ter- rible blizzard rendered it impossible to reach his place of business, and on the occasion of the death of his wife. Mr. Young was married at Des Moines, Iowa, in 1866, to Miss India Conner, a lady of intelligence and refinement, of excellent family. She was born in Indiana and was a daughter of George W.Conner, a well-known and highly respected gentleman. They had four children: Frances Sarah, deceased, at the age of twenty-one years; Minnie, died aged twenty-one; Olive, now fourteen years old; and Harry, aged eleven. Mr. Young was called Upon to mourn the death of his de- voted wife in 1885. She was a lady of rare Christian character, and a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Storm Lake, Iowa. BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0R7 OF Politically, Mr. 5Toung is an independent Republican, a clear and Eorcible writer, Eear less in what be considers rigbt, and of an en- ergetic, progressive disposition; and be wields a far- reaching influence for good throughout his community, while bis genial personality lias gained Eor him many admiring friends. ^tSUWv -insw^* §(;. EIOHOLTZ, the efficient Treasurer of Ida county, Iowa, has been the in- 9 cumbent of this office since January 1. l-^s, and has been a resident of the county Bince March, 1881. Of Mr. Eicholtz's life, both pnblic and private, we make the follow- ing record, feeding sure that it will be read with interest by his many friends and large circle of acquaintances here: J. G. Eicholtz dates his birth at that historic place, Gettysburg. Pennsylvania, April 1, 1X43. He is a son of John and Margaret i Meals) Eicholtz, also natives of Pennsylvania. Their ancestors originally came from Germany, but for three genera- tions hack have heen residents of the " Key- stone" State. The father died in Gettysburg in 1890. The mother is still living. They had a family of eight children, live BOns and three daughters, six of whom are living, all in Gettysburg, except the Bubject of our sketch. During the war the father sustained hea\y hisses. lie was a wagon-maker by trade. In 1801 he was elected Clerk of the Courts at Gettysburg. Two of the sons, J. G. and Samuel EL, were in the army. The latter enlisted in February, 1865, in Company A, One Eun- dred and Third Pennsylvania Volunteer In- fantry; was (diosen Second Lieutenant of his company. was promoted to Lieutenant-Colo nel ju.-t before the war closed, and was inns tered out as such. February -. L865, J. |AMUEL SHOOP, a farmer of section 19, Blaine township, Ida county, post office Ida Grove, was born in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, in 1846, a son of Samuel and Mary (Garman) Shoop, natives also of that county. Grandfather Frederic Shoop was born in Germany, but when a boy came to Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, where he was afterward married. The father of our subject was reared and educated in his native State, where, in 1864, he enlisted and served until the close of the struggle. In 1884 he came to Ida county, Iowa, where he died, in 1890. His wife died in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, in 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Shoop were the parents of five children, viz.: Sarah, widow of George Wallower, and a resident of Dauphin county; George, a resi- dent of Arthur; Samuel, our subject; Cath- erine, who died in 1872, was the wife of An- drew Sarker, of Dauphin county; and John, if living, resides in the East. Samuel Shoop was reared in his native county. At the opening of the late war, he enlisted for three months in Company B, Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, and at the expiration of his term of service re-en- listed in the Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania In- fantry for three months. He next entered Company D, Twentieth Pennsylvania Cavalry, under General Sheridan, and took part in the battles of Shenandoah Valley, Winchester, Weldon Railroad, Appomattox Courthouse and New Market. He participated in nine- teen engagements in all, and was honorably discharged at Philadelphia in July, 1865. While in service Mr. Shoop contracted a dis- ease, from which he has since suffered greatly. After the close of the struggle he resumed farming in Dauphin county, and in 1884 he purchased 120 acres of land on section 19, Blaine township, Ida county, Iowa, now under a fine state of cultivation. He has a frame residence, 20 x 24 feet, with a wing, 16 x 14 feet, a barn, 24 x 14 feet, and two acres of his place is devoted to an orchard, shade and ornamental trees. Mr. Shoop is engaged in general farming, also in raising Italian bees. Politically, lie affiliates with the Republican party. BIOGRAPHICAL UI8T0RY OF In Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, in 1867, our subject was united in marriage to Mi-s M.ir\ Howard, a native of that county, and a daughter of Peter and Catherine (Stump) Howard, natives of Lancaster county, Penn- sylvania. The parents afteward located in Dauphin county, where the mother died in L880. The same year the father came to Ida county, Iowa, and his death occurred in 1887. Great grandmother Howard lived to the ad- vanced age of 105 years. Mr. and Mrs. Shoop have had five children: Mary ('., wile of 0. W. Boyer, of Blaine township; Simon P., who married Sarah Flathers, and resides in this township; Ida Isadora, wife of .1. F. Fettro, of Ida Grove; Sarah Elizabeth; and William Mitchell, attending school in this county. Onr subject aud wife are members of the Evangelical Church. -«£ ^*- |0LLIN M. HUNTER, County Attor- t.iniey of Sac county, has held this po- Bition since the general election of 1890. He has been a resident of Sac county since L883. Mr. Hunter is a native of Story county, Iowa, born December 29, 1858, son of Robert M. and Elizabeth (Garberson) Hunter, na- tives of the northern part of Richland and Marion counties, Ohio. The parents were residents of Story county. Iowa, farmers by occupation, and have been residents of the State since 1854. The forefathers of the Hunter family were natives of Wales and England, while those of the mother's family were t'r England and Germany. Our subject was reared in Story county to farm life, there received his education in the common schools, and remained until he at- tained bis majority. In this county he then engaged in teaching, but in the spring of L880 he entered the Agricultural College at A.mes, from which be graduated in the gen- eral course, in the fall of 1S83. At this time be came to Wall Lake, where he engaged in teaching, devoting his leisure moments to the reading of law. So carefully did he attend to the latter business that he was admitted to the bar May 15, 1884, since which time he has devoted himself to his practice, although not to the entire exclusion of other interests. He has been very successful in handling real estate. For two years he has been honored by the citizens of Wall Lake with the position of Mayor, and is considered one of the most prominent men of the county. Mr. Hunter is a member of A. F. cc A. M., Lake Lodge, No. 390, Darius Chapter, No. 58. and he has been Master of his lodge for four years. Po- litically, our subject is a Democrat, and has taken great and active interest in the deliber- at ions of his party. He was married in Colebrook, New Hamp- shire, October 2, 1889, to Miss Anna L. Carlton, a native of Scranton, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Edward and Nancy (Fuller) Carlton, both natives of New Hatnpshiie, of English descent. When our subject was elected to the office of County Attorney, on the Democratic ticket, it was an especial honor, as the county was 500 Republican. This he overcame and received a majority of twenty-three votes. C.WILLIAMS, V. S.— The subject of this sketch IS a celebrated doctor of the ailments of the brute creation ami resides in Ida Grove. Iowa. He is a native oi' Elgin county, Canada, wdiere he was burn, November 8, 1860, son of Arthur and G HAW FORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 525 Rachel (Welter) Williams, both natives of Canada, although of English descent. Our subject was reared and educated in the public schools of his native place, and at the acre of twenty-five began the study of veter- inary surgery, graduating from the Ontario Veterinary College, Toronto, Canada, March 30, 1888, and is Honorary Fellow of the On- tario Veterinary Medical Association. He first located in DeWitt, Clinton county, Iowa, and spent three years there, engaged in the practice of his profession, and then came to Ida Grove, where he has built up a large practice by his skill and knowledge. He is a thorough master of his science, and enjoys the largest practice in the county. Prior to engaging in his profession, Dr. Williams was entrao-ed in farming and learned much of his practical knowledge of animals in that calling. He has been married twice, the first wife beino- Miss Alice Morrell, whom he married, April 9, 1885, but she only survived her mar- riaore about eight mouths, and on August 3, 1891, he married Miss Susie Suiter, a native of Iowa, daughter of Cyrus and Margaret (Grattou) Suiter. Politically, Dr. Williams is a Democrat. He is a member of the Iowa State Veterinary Medical Association, and also a member of the United States Veterinary Medical Association. Both Doctor and Mrs. Williams are worthy people, who enjoy the respect and esteem of a large circle of friends. jAVID O. CRUM, one of the highly re- spected and reliable citizens of Corwin township, is residing upon Forney & Bro.'s well-cultivated farm of 160 acres of good farming land, on section 25, in the above town- ship, Ida county, Iowa. Mr. Crura settled in the township in 1880, since which time he has made his home among the residents of Corwin township. He was born in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, October 18, 1852, and is the son of William L. Crura, a native of the same county and State, and the latter was the son of Leonard Cram, of German parentage. The mother of our subject was Elizabeth Croll, born in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, daughter of Henry Croll. Thirteen children were born to the parents of our subject, seven sons and six daughters. The parents died in their native county, the mother pass- ing away in her sixty-eighth year, followed by her husband when he was over seventy. The latter was a farmer by occupation, and a Republican in politics. He was a faithful member of the Evangelical Church, in which he was a Deacon. Our subject was reared to farm life, edu- cated in the common schools of his native county, and came at an early day to Ohio, lo- cating at Tiffin, where he remained some years; then, returned to Pennsylvania, and in 1880, again came West, settling in Corwin town- ship, Ida county, Iowa. Here he farmed 160 acres of Forney & Bro.'s land, which he has since improved, and on which he has erected a good one and a half story residence, 18 x 24 feet. He has all of the farm underj fence, and is engaged in general farming. At the age of thirty Mr. Crum married, in his native county, a lady by the name of Sarah C. Forney, a person of rare intellectual attain- ments, born, reared and eduated at Harris- burg, in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, daughter of Michael and Elizabeth Forney. Seven children have been born to our sub- ject and his wife, namely: Maggie E., Anna F., Emma O, Ida May, Oliver D., Ora, and Ellen Orveada. The first-born, Willie, died 526 biographical iiismnr of at the aire of ten months. Oor subject, who takes some interest in politics, was formerly a Republican, hut now affiliates with the People's party. He is a prominent member of the Farmers' Alliance. Mr. and Mrs. Crum are active and faithful members of the Church of God, and take a great deal of in- terest in Sunday-school work. Social!\, Mr. Crum is connected witli I. 0. O. E. and K. of P. lie is a man that lias taken an active in- terest in the cause of education and religion, and is very willing to give his assistance to anything that promises to elevate society or promote the general good of his fellow-citi- zens. For these many reasons Mr. Crum is highly respected and esteemed throughout the entire community. -^xnji/i, — ^ — insists- rilOMAS BASSETT, one of the early settlers of Ida Grove, Iowa, came to Ida county in 1877, and until recently has been identified with the contracting and building interests here. He is one of the oldest contractors and builders in the county, and has assisted largely in its material growth and development. He located at Ida (Trove when the town was just starting, and began the contracting and building business, and has put up a great many of the best buildings in the city. No other man or firm in the county has done as much in this line as Mr. Bassett and his sou, W. II., who were part- ners for a number of years. About 1887 Mr. Bassett, Sr., retired from active business, his son succeeding him. Thomas Bassett was horn in the county of Cornwall, England. August 2, 1828, eon of Thomas and .lane | I'ieree) Bassett. \\\> par- ents both died in England. They had a fam- ily of nine children, of whom five are still living, the subject of our sketch being the only one who came to America. He was reared and Learned his trade in his native land, and was there married in February, 1849, to Eliza A. Rouse, a native of the same county. In 1854 he came to America and located in Zanesville, Ohio, where he re- mained until 1875, and while there engaged in contracting and building. In 1875 he came to Greene county, Iowa, and from there in 1877 came to Ida (Trove. And since com- ing here he has not only been identified with the building interests of the place, but has also taken an active part in the welfare of the county in general, lie has been a mem- ber of the School Board for five years. Politi- cally, he is a Republican. He and his wife have been life-long Methodist^. They have hail six children, viz.: Emily A.; Elizabeth, wife of Charles S. Barnes, Des Moines, Iowa; Eliza, deceased; Mary J., deceased wife of W. C. Moorehead of this county; William II . ; and Laura. Mr. Bassett began life at the very bottom, and by honest and persistent industry worked his way up to his present position. He and his family are among the most worthy and highly respected people of their town. Of his son William II. we present the following brief sketch : W. H. Bassett was born in Zanesville, Ohio, December 31, 1859, and since he was seventeen has been a resident of Ida county, Iowa. When quite young he began working at the carpenters' trade, and was associated in business with his father until 1887, since which time he has been conducting a success- ful business in his own name. He employs from five to seven men during the summer seasons, and in the winter three men. He has erected as many, if not more, buildings in Ida Grove than any other firm here, and he also CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 527 does a large outside business. In connection with his contracting and building he is also engaged in the real-estate business, buying, fitting up, and selling property. He now has a number of properties in Ida Grove, which he keeps for sale or rental. Mr. Bassett is one of the most enterprising and progressive young men in the county. He is a Republican in politics; is a member of the City Council, and is assistant chief of the Fire Department, having been a mem- ber of the same since its organization. His office is on Main street. W. SHAW, a prominent and suc- cessful farmer of Eden township, Sac county, was born in Washing- ton county, Pennsylvania, on Pike Run, near the old home of James G. Blaine, January 20, 1835, a son of William Shaw, a native of that county. The latter's father, David Shaw, was a prominent Quaker, and settled in Penn- sylvania, on the Schuylkill river, in 1715. The Shaws were a prominent family, and took an aetive part in politics and religion. They were statesmen and soldiers, and fought many hard battles for their native country (Wales) during the sixteenth century. The mother of our subject, formerly Sarah Nixon, was also born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, a daughter of George Nixon, a native of that county, and a member of a prominent and well-known family of that part of Pennsyl- vania. Mr. and Mrs. Shaw were the parents of six children, viz.: W. W., Hannah, Rachel, George, Robert and Margaret. The father was a Whig in his political views, in which he was an active worker, not for office, but for the good of the party. Henry Clay was his bosom friend. His death occurred in 1851, and the mother died in Cincinnati, Ohio, at the age of seventy-three years. W. W. Shaw, the subject of this sketch, was reared to farm life, and was early taught honesty, industry and perseverance, a good foundation for future success in life. When nine years of age he moved with his parents to Boone county, Kentucky, settling near the famous Big Bone or Salt Springs, which were discovered and named by Daniel Boone, and he received his education princi- pally in that county. December 9, 1855, he arrived in Delaware county, Iowa, pur- chased and improved a farm, and was identi- fied with the history of that county until coming to Sac county, in 1877. After lo- cating in this county Mr. Shaw purchased eighty acres of partly improved land of Walter Watt, to which he has since added until he now owns 180 acres, all now under a fine state of cultivation. He has a good dwelling, 16 x 24 feet, one and a half stories high, Avith an L, 16x20 feet; a beautiful lawn, containing pine trees, shrubs and flowers, a grove of five acres, and an orchard of one acre of small fruits. His house is erected in Southern style, and situated forty rods from the road. His farm is well watered by a large spring, and his pasture of sixty acres rivals the old blue-grass region of Ken- tucky. Mr. Shaw was the first to introduce and make a success of growing blue-grass in Sac county. In addition to his farm prop- erty, he also owns a house and lot in Early, on Maple street. Mr. Shaw has made stock- raising a success. He keeps about seventy- five head of steers on his farm; turns off a car or two of fat cattle for the Chicago market annually. He is also noted for his fine horses. November 28, 1857, in Delaware county, Iowa, our subject was married to Nancy Jane 538 BIOGRAPHICAL H1BT0BT OF Beckett, :i native of Missouri, and a daugh- ter of Samuel and Sarali (Tennol) Beckett, who were horn, reared, educated and mar- ried in Kentucky. Mrs. Shaw received her education in Dubuque, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Shaw have four children, namely: Florence, wife of John Richardson who resides near Le Mars. Plymouth county, Iowa; I'erdiUa, now Mrs. W. F. Flanagan of Delaware township, Sac county; Eva, wife of L. E. Rouffcorn, of this county; and W. D., who resides on the old homestead. Politically, our subject affiliates with the Democratic party, has served as Trust* f his township Tor years, and has been an active and zealous worker for the party. Socially, he is a member of the I. o. O. !•'.. Boyer Lodge, No. 475, located at Early, Eowa, and was made a Mason at Earl- ville, this State, in 1S73. He is a man of intelligence, well informed on general topics, hospitable and cordial to all, and is numbered, socially, politically, and financially, among the first in Sac county. -^isw/l~ -1/ws^- fOSEPH RIXEHART. Hotel Riuehart is one of the most popular hostelries of llattle Creek, Iowa, being centrally situ- ated, and within a short distance of the depot. Under its careful management it offers a refreshing retreat for the weary and hnngry, who are cordially welcomed and well-cared for during their sojourn under its hospitable roof. The building is commodious, being 21 8 of) feet, two stories high, with an L, 22 x 26 feet, of the same height, comprising fourteen bright, cheery, neat and comfortable rooms, whose appearance is very inviting to the dusty, fatigued traveler. In connection with these there is a restaurant and lunch counter, where the best of meals and all tem- perance drinks are provided at small cost. The able proprietor and manager of this resorl is deserving of mention in the history of [da county. Mr. Rineharl was born in Frederick county. Maryland, February 21, 1859, son of Daniel and Margaret (Ilyder) Riuehart, both natives of the same Slate. Mr. Riuehart was reared and educated in his native county. In 1882 he joined the westward tide of emigration, removing to Ida county, Iowa, where he en- tered the employ of the Bowman Lumber Company, and after one year's service there was transferred by the company to Holstein, where he remained two years. He then re- moved to Ida Grove for the same company, remaining there until March*, 1SS4-, at which time he went to Arthur, and took charge of that company's yards at that place, remaining there fifteen months. He was then trans- ferred to Battle Creek to superintend the same company's yard at this place, in charge of which he remained until in June, 1892, when the company sold out to other parties. The same mouth Mr. Riuehart bought his present hotel, which was then known as Hotel Hopkins. This house has been overhauled and much improved in every way under Mr. Rinehart's able management, who is nothing if not a " rustler," and gifted with a genial cordiality which attracts and retains customers and friends. Mr. Riuehart was married in Ida Grove, to Miss Elizabeth Estep, a native of Illinois, and daughter of George W. and Sarah Estep. Slu' is ;i lady of intelligence, and has been a true helpmate to her husband, assisting him in the management of the house, and con- tributing in a great measure to his prosperity. They have two bright children, both daugh- ters: Hazel Pearl and Jennie Cecil. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 529 Politically, Mr. Rinehart affiliates with the Republican party, and has served as a mem- ber of the City Council for three years, dis- charging his duties in that capacity with ability and honor. Socially, he belongs to the Knights of Pythias. As a citizen he is widely known and highly esteemed. |R. E. C. HEILMAN, Ida Grove, Iowa, located here August 20, 1877, and for the past fifteen years has been prom- inently identified with the medical profession of this place. Dr. Heilman was horn in Cedar county, Iowa, July 18, 1856, son of Samuel and Mary (Kanck) Heilman. His parents are natives of Pennsylvania and of German descent. They now reside in Colorado. The Doctor was reared in his native State, received his literary education at Cornell College and took his medical course at the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, graduating at the latter institution in March. 1877. Previous to his entering college at Cincinnati lie had studied medicine in the office of Dr. N. B. Cotton, of Cedar county, Iowa, and after his gradu- ation he spent a few months with his pre- ceptor before settling in Ida Grove, as above stated. Upon his arrival here he entered into a partnership with Dr. F. D. Seeber, with whom he was associated for two years. At the end of that time Dr. Seeber withdrew from the firm and went to California. Alter conducting his practice alone for two years Dr. Heilman formed a partnership with Dr. Moorehead, who had just graduated and with whom he practiced four years. In 1883 the subject of o«r sketch was elected on the Republican ticket to the office of County Treasurer, and filled the same with credit to himself and also to his constituents. Retiring from his official duties in Decem- ber, 1887, Dr. Heilman resumed practice the first of 1888, and has since devoted his whole time and attention to his profession. He has a large and lucrative practice and is fre- quently called in consultation, his profes- sional duties often calling him twenty-five miles away. The Doctor is a member of the State Medical Society and also of the American Medical and Maple Valley Medical Societies. He has two students in his office and also em- ploys a bookkeeper. In 1884 he was a del- egate to the American Medical Association that convened in Washington, being sent from this Congressional district. Dr. Heilman has always been a public- spirited citizen, ever interested in the welfare of the community, and active as a Republican politician. Socially, he is a member of the following organizations: A. F. & A. M., Kane Lodge; Syria Chapter, No. 104; Rose Croix Commandery, No. 38; I. O. O. F.; K. of P.; A. O. IT. W., No. 271 ; and M. W. of A. Dr. Heilman has owned and improved sev- eral properties and owns the pleasant home in which he now resides. He was married September 20, 1877, to Miss Nancy J. Bla- zer, of Cedar county, Iowa, daughter of George W. and Catharine, (Scarlett,) Blazer. They have three children: Earnest S., Ralph E. and Frank B. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, he being one of the Trustees of the same. fOSEBH MATTES.— The hardware firm of Joseph Mattes, of Odebolt, Iowa, was established in 1879, and now is one of the leading houses of its kind in Odebolt. Mr. Mattes was born in Clinton county, Iowa, October, 1855, son of R. and Mary Mattes, 530 i;ill in Douglas township, Ida county, eighty acres of which were improved. He now has the entire farm under a tine state "f cultiva- tion, has a good two-story residence, 16x20 feet, with an L, 16x16 feet, a barn, 40 s is feet, and a beautiful grove and orchard. Mr. Buell is engaged in general farming, and two years ago he also beganthe dairy busi- ness. He belongs to the Republican party but has not taken an active interest in poli- ties. He has served creditably as a member of the School Board. In 1SS2, at Lanark, Carroll county, Illi- nois, our subject was united in marriage with Miss Emily J. Steinmau, a native of that place, and a daughter of Marten and Mary (Sivelvi Steinmau, the former a native of Germany, and the latter of Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. In an early day the parents located in Lanark. Illinois, where the father followed the trade of blacksmith, later farm- ing, and they now reside at Lake View, Sac county. Iowa. Mr. ami Mrs. Buell are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Cushing, in which the Eormer has been Su- perintendent of the Sunday-school since 1889. Mr. Buell has witnessed a "Teat change in Douglas township, there having been only two farms under cultivation on the road to Cushing when he located here. OBEKT BROWNLEE, of Battle town- ship, Ida county, Iowa, post-office, Cush- ing, is one of the intelligent, enterpris- ing and successful farmers of the county, and has resided here since 1880. Like many of the prominent and substantial men ofonr country Mr. Brownlee claims the north of Ireland for his native place. He was born in county Antrim, .December 25. 1846, son of .James and Sarah (Dunseeth) Brownlee, natives of that county. His father is deceased and his mother is still living in county Antrim. Robert was reared on the farm, and brought up in the faith of the Presbyterian Church, of which his parents were members. In March, 1869, Mr. Brownlee came to America and located in Jackson county. Iowa. In 1880 he came to Ida county and two years later located on wild land, where he now lives. This land, 240 acres in section 27. he has developed into a fine farm. His house i- 16 s 21 feet, with an L, 16x 18 feet, and is a story and a half. Near by is a line grove and orchard of ten acres — the best in the township. He has a barn, 28x36 feet, a grunary, yards, stables, feed lots, stock' scales, and everything conveniently arranged for successfully carrying on general farming and stock-raising. At the age of twenty-one Mr. Brownlee was married in his native land to Miss Jennie Jf l - t£ tOL#S* fa^e^j^*d ', CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 533 Graham, a native of county Antrim and a daughter of George and Nancy (Flack) Gra- ham. Her father was a Lutheran and is now deceased, and her mother is a Presbyterian. Mr. and Mrs. Brownlee have eleven children, as follows: Lizzie, wife of C. B. Daniels, of dishing, has two children, Glen and Blanche; Sarah J., wife of John Pattison, of Battle township, has two children. Pearl and Roy; Aggie; Emma P., a successful and popular teacher of Ida county; Ida, Robert J, George A., Walter A., Nellie Irene, Harry, and Edith. Mrs. Brownlee and eldest daughter are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Both socially and financially the family rank with the first people of the county. Mr. Brownlee is a Republican. ^ON. J. FRED MEYERS, the senior edit- or of the Denison Review, was born at Oettingen, Bavaria, Germany, in 1833. Fourteen years later his family came to America and settled at Adrian, Michigan, where our subject entered the printing office of Jermain Bros., thereby laying the founda- tion for his future journalistic career, for which profession he soon developed a very strong preference. His first newspaper vent- ure was at Columbus, Indiana, where, at the age of twenty he edited and published the Columbus Independent. In this paper he took a decided stand in favor of the anti- slavery cause, it was in fact the only anti- slavery paper in southern Indiana. In 1857 he removed to, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and was assistant editor of the Milwaukee Daily Free Democrat, which was conducted by S. M. Booth. Subsequently he published the Germantown Independent, at Germantown, Ohio. 39 In 1861 Mr. Meyers received the appoint- ment ol chief of the printing division of the Treasury Department, under Secretary Sal- mon P. Chase, with whom he was personally acquainted, and in whose political fortunes he took a decided interest. Mr. Meyers remained connected with the Treasury Department until 1874. During the war times he used his pen to stanchly support the Union. From 1869 to 1871 he edited and published the Civil Serv- ice Journal, at Washington. During the presidential campaign of 1872 Mr. Meyers was one of the leading writers of campaign pamphlets, advocating the necessity of voting the Republican ticket, and he was also the chief editor of the Republic, a political maga- zine, published under the direction of the Na- tional Republican Congressional Committee. In 1871, and again in 1873, he was selected by the Secretary of the Treasury to make a trip to Germany to make special investiga- tions with regard to the manner in which im- migrants were treated in their transit to this country. His report made in 1871 was called to the attention of Congress by a special message by the President, U. S. Grant. While in Washington he studied law and graduated from the Columbia Law School. In July, 1874, Mr. Meyers resigned his posi- tion in Washington and came to Denison, purchased the Denison Review, which he soon established as one of the leading Repub- lican weeklies of the State. In 1877 he was appointed Postmaster of Denison, by Presi- dent Hayes, which position he held until September 1, 1886, when he was succeeded by a Democrat, appointed by President Cleve- land. During his term of service as Post- master he still gave special attention to the Review. Mr. Meyers was also elected Mayor of Denison, and served three years as Presi- dent of the School Board. .-,:: I BIOGRAPHICAL 1IIST0HY OF In September, 1889, Mr. Meyers was ap- pointed by PreBideni Harrison, Chief of Di vision in the Sixth Auditor's < Mlice of the Treasury Department, at Washington, which positioD be now holds. Since his appoint- ment the direct management of the Review baa devolved upon his son, Mr. Charles K. Meyers. In May, L891, Mr. Meyers was selected by tlic Bureau of Labor at Washington to visit Germany to report on the Industrial School system of that empire. He was accompanied by his son, V. W. Meyers, who was also com- missioned as a special agent. Mr. Meyers was married in September, 1S5S, to Miss Emily B. Kimball, at Adrian, Michigan, and tour children have been born to them, namely: Charles K., Miss Grace. 1'. W.) and Lillie, who died in infancy. Mr. Meyers is the owner of numerous pieces of property in and about Denison, one of them being Grace Park, a beautiful natural grove within the town plat, at the north of the city. M. WIIIXKKY. When the First Na- tional Bank of Ida Grove was organ- '° ized, August 1"), 1888, as a National Bank, il was the successor to the Ida County Bank, which was established by Mr. Noah Williams. In 1888, the National Rank was organized with the following officers: II. M. Whinery, a- president; Alexander McHugh, as vice- president; M. Donaldson, as cashier; Edwin Coles, as assistant cashier; with the following directors: E. M. Donaldson, Joseph I,. Ilos. mer, G. II. Stearns, !•'. C. Knepper, Alexander McHngh, A. I.. Wilkin. -on. Andrew J. San tee, William M. Wilcox, William Pilcher, S. S. Dilenbeck and George L. Williams. Since . I uly, 1890, the board has been changed as follows: E. M. Donaldson is president. Will- iam Pilcher is vice-president, II. M. Whinerj is cashier and A. C. Johnson assistant cash- ier, and the cash capital is §150,000. The following was the business statement at the close of business June 30, 1892: Resources — Loans and discounts, $212,419.88; overdrafts, §129.72; United States bonds to secure cir- culation, $37,500; banking house. |20,000; real estate, furniture, etc., $15,141.09; cash and exchange, $58,872.14; redemption fund with United States loans, $1,687.50; total, $340,750.33. Liabilities- Capital stock paid in, $150,000; Barplus and profits, $15,303.35; deposits, $142,196.98; circulation. $33,250; total, $340,750.33. In 1888 this institution erected a fine building composed of Cleveland sandstone, 100x23, with two stories and a basement, the latter being now occupied by the Ida Watch, and the upper floor is divided into office rooms. This tine building was erected at a cost of $20,000. but in 1892 a still finer building was erected of Vermont sandstone by the [da Grove Building Com- pany through the directors of the bank, which will be used for the business. The Ida Grove Building Company was incorporated in L892, with the following officers: A board Of six directors, to be elected annually, on the first Tuesday in May, also a president, vice-presi- dent, secretary, treasure!' and superintendent of buildings, the latter to be chosen by the board. The highest amount of indebted;;. which the corporation is allowed at any time is two-thirds of the capital stock paid in. The private property of the incorporators and stockholders is exempt from the corporate debts. The names of the present officers are: E. M. Donaldson, president; II. M.Whinery, secretary and treasurer; L. K. Page, superin- tendent: and the director are the following CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 535 prominent men: William M. Wilcox, L. K. Page, William Pilcher, E. M. Donaldson, H. M. Whinery and F. D. Babcoek. H. M. Whinery, the cashier of the First National Bank of Ida Grove, was a native of Clinton county, Ohio, having been born June 7, 1851, in the city of Wilmington. He was the son of James and Mary (Moon) Whinery, natives of Ohio, who came from Irish parent- age, but who had been born of American res- idents. The religious faith of the family was that of the Quaker or Society of Friends. Our subject was brought up in his native State and was educated in the public schools, finish- ins' with a conrse at Richmond, Indiana. He was reared to farm life and in the fall of 1880 he went into the mercantile business at Waukee, Dallas county, Iowa, remaining at that point for two years, and then he came to Ida county, and here engaged in the grocery business until 1888, when he went into his present position. His life offers a good ex- ample of what a man can make of himself by the exercise of the proper amount of energy and application. He was but sixteen years of age when lie left his Ohio home for Rich- mond, Indiana, where he spent five years and then went into Marshall county, Iowa, where lie remained for three years. The marriage of our subject took place in Marshall county, Iowa, October 22, 1874, to Miss Elda M. Kinzer, a native of Indiana, who moved into Marshall county when but two years of age, a daughter of Johu and Amy (George) Kinzer. After marriage uur subject took his bride into Dallas county and there they resided until coming to Ida Grove. They are the parents of four children: Fred J., aged sixteen; James R., aged fourteen; Pauline, aged eleven, and Cuma, aged seven. The family attends the Friends' meeting in Ida Grpve, they being the first members, and in it Mr. Whinery is one of the Trustees and Superintendent of the Sunday-school. Po- litically, he is a Republican, and also a mem- ber of A. F. & A. M., Kane Lodge, No. 377, of the chapter at Sac City, Commandery, El Kair, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and is one of the most pro city. minent men of the thriving little £ ^m > J. SCOTT, County Recorder of Ida county, Iowa, was first elected to I® this office in the fall of 1882, and has since held the same by re-election, per- forming its duties with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. He is one of the most active workers in the Republican ranks here. He has ako officiated as City Recorder since 1882, with the excep- tion of one year, and is now filling that posi-. tion. He has represented Ida county as deleo-ate to both State and Congressional con- ventions several times for the Republican party. Mr. Scott was born in Chester, Pennsylva- nia, September 16, 1855, son of John T. and Martha J. (Campbell) Scott. His parents were born, reared and married in the north of Ire- land, and after coming to America settled in Pennsylvania. The father died when the subject of onr sketch was five years old. The mother is still living and is now a resident of Omaha, Nebraska. Mr. Scott was reared in Pennsylvania. At the age of ten years he was sent to Girard College, Philadelphia, and is a oraduate of that institution. After com- pleting his education, he served a four years' apprenticeship to the drug business at Ches- ter. He then came West and clerked in a drug store at Glidden, Iowa, one year, and from there, in 1878, he came to Ida county. BIOGRAPHICAL H1BT0RT OF Previous to his election to his present office he was engaged in the I. a son of Martin and Bridget (Ellard) Ryan, also nati that place. Thomas remained in his native town until sixteen years of age, when he bade farewell to home and family and started for a foreign shore, alone, to make a fortune. In L850 he landed in New York city, a short time afterward went to Orange connty, New York, where he spent one year on a farm, and then went by train to Chicago, and then by stage to Whiteside county, Illinois. He as- sisted in laying the first track to Fulton, that State, was engaged in steamboatingon the Mis- sissippi river eight years, made nearly every landing on the river, and was soon recognized as one of the best men in the service. At one time the steamboat Hamburg was frozen in near Red Wine, Minnesota, and the men o Btarted to walk back to Fulton, a distance of 300 miles. Only three had the strength and pluck to reach that city. In 1860 Mr. Ryan assisted in layingthe track to Cedar Rapids, was a resident of Bertram, Iowa, a number of years, then of Washington, Michigan, three years, then returned to Bertram, assisted in laving the track at Jefferson, Iowa, one year, was then a resident of Scranton, this State, for some time, and in October, 1868, came to Vail, he was the first settler in the village, and everything was then new and wild. For many years he was the able and popular sec- tion foreman on the road, and no part on the Northwestern railroad was kept in better shape or had less accidents than where he bad charge of the track. After ten years Mr. Ryan resigned his position, and since that time has been employed in building bridges, soi i the besl and strongest structures in the county having been erected bj him. He has a good residence in Vail, ami owns a valuable farm of 206 acres of land, located one and a half miles from town. Our subject was married at the age of thirty years, in Washtenaw county. Michi- gan, to Marv E. Reynolds, a native of that State, a daughter of Robert and Eliza Reynolds, of London, England. Mr. and Mrs. Ryan had thirteen children, nine now living, namely: Martin, the popular and effi- cienl Marshal of Vail; Man. wife of I>. O'Leary, a railroad man of Council Bluffs; RAW FORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 537 Sarah, wife of Lide Forgraves, also of that city; Katy, a successful and popular teacher of thiscounty; Maggie, Emma, Thomas, Julia and Johu. Politically, our subject is a Re- publican; and religiously, the family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. ^uin/v- -sifinns^ fOHN BROGAN, a successful farmer of Crawford county, was born in county Donegal, near the city of Londonderry, Ireland, June 24, 1824, a son of William and Ann (Coyle) Brogan, natives of the same county. In 1844 they came by the sail ves- sel Wyoming to the United States, having been four weeks at sea, and finally landed at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They located in Chester county, that State, where the mother died, at the age of sixty-five years, leaving live children: Sarah, May, Bridget, Francis and John. Six children died in childhood. The father died in this State, at the age of eighty-five years. He was a farmer by occupation, a Democrat in his political views, and religiously a member of the Cath- olic Church. John Brogan, our subject, came with his parents to the United States. He spent the year 1849 in the South, and July 9, 1850, lo- cated eight miles northeast of DeWitt, Clin- ton county, Iowa, where be improved three good farms. In 1874 he came to thiscounty, settling on 240 acres of wild land. He was one of the first settlers in this locality, where he has always followed agricultural pursuits. He owns 360 acres of rich and well improved land, has a good residence, 20 x 28 feet, with an L, 16x18 feet, has a beautiful grove of six acres, and everything about the place shows the thrift and prosperity of the owner. Mr. Brogan also has a high grade of stock. He was married February 9, 1849, in Westchester county, Pennsylvania, to Jane McClosky, a native of county Derry, Ire- land, and a daughter of John and Nancy McClosky. She remained in her native country until sixteen years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Brogan have had eight children, viz.: William, of Nebraska; Andrew and Frank, at home; Thomas of this township; James, in Nebraska; Edd, also a resident of this town- ship; and Mary and Elizabeth at home. Our subject is a Democrat in his political views, and has served with honor and credit as Township Trustee and a member of the School Board. He is a self-made man, a good type of the Irish-American citizen, is intelligent and progressive in his views, and is respected by all who know him. A. CLAPSADDLE, a resident of sec- tion 6, is one of the largest land-own- 31 ers in Silver Creek township. He was born in Du Page county, Illinois, in 1850, being the son of Jacob and Sarali (Terpning) Clapsaddle, natives of New York, but who removed to Illinois in 1840, where they en- gaged in farming, both being alive and well. Our subject was reared and educated in Illinois schools, completing his course in Wheaton College. Mr. Clapsaddle was mar- ried in Illinois to Miss Cora Learn, a daugh- ter of Peter and Adelia (Bush) Learn. Mrs. Clapsaddle is a native of New York, and came to Illinois with her parents, when but a child. She received her early education in the com- mon schools of that State and completed her course at Wheaton College. The parents of Mrs. Clapsaddle are alive, residing at Litch- field, Minnesota. Seven children have been 588 BIOOBAPHWAL HISTORY OF born to Mr. and Mrs. Clapaaddle, namely: Waldo, [ra Leon, Lillis, Roy, Earl, Sarah and M.ttie. The home of Mr. Clapeaddle is known as •■ Clapaaddle Ranch," and contains 817 acres, all well improved, with creeks and springs for ample water supply of stock. He has a good farm residence, with barn and outbuildings Eor stock. An orchard and a beautiful grove of about tour acres enhance the value of the place. The farm also has a house for tenants, situated on the north line. The gentleman of whom we write, is a large stock-raiser, keeping from 100 to 200 head of cattle, be- sides stock of all kinds. Mr. and Mrs. Clap- saddle are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Galva, and are well known and highly respected reeidents of this county. ?EMMETT CONN, M. D., Ida Grove, [owa, is a young man of exceptional 9 ability and has already established an enviable practice, and justly regarded as in the front rank of his profession, as a young physician, is rapidly working his way into public confidence and favor and is highly ap- preciated by the public. Dr. J. Emmett Conn was born in Pauld- ing county, State of Ohio, on the 11th day of January, 1867, son of James and Annie E. Conn. At the age of four years his par- ents moved to Benton county, Iowa, where he was reared upon a farm, and received his early education in the public schools. At the age i »f fi turteen he. with his parents, moved to western Iowa, locating at Battle Creek, Ida county, where they have since resided. After completing the course of study in the graded school, taught school one year, then entered the Academy at [owa City, graduated with the class of lsss and the year following his graduation taught school, at the same time beginning the study of medicine. In September, lvsit, he entered the medical de- partment of the State University of Iowa; Spent three years, during which time he pur- sued the study of medicine under two emi- nent members of the profession, Professor .lames Daldy and Professor P. J . Farnsworth, receiving the appointment as medical libra- rian for two years, assistant to the surgeon of Ophthalmology and Otology and interne in the eye and ear wards of the State Hos- pital; was also elected president of the graduating class; graduating with high honors March 9, 1892; locating at once at Ida Grove, Iowa, where he now conducts ;i general practice, making diseases of the eye and ear a specialty. Politically, the Doctor is a Republican. His father, James Conn, now deceased, was born in Belfast, Ireland. March 30, 1835, and came to America in 1840 with his parent-. Robert Conn and wife, who located in Wayne county, Ohio. There he grew up on a farm and received his education in the public schools. At the age of nineteen he began teaching, which occupation he followed sev- eral years, a portion of the time being sup- erintendent of city schools. He was married in Ohio, his wife being a native of that State. In 1^71 they came to [owa and located in Bentou county on a farm, where he engaged in breeding and raising fine stock, horses, cattle and hogs. This he followed quite ex- tensively until after coming to Battle Creek, [owa. At that place he conducted a livery business and practiced his profession, that of veterinary surgeon until just before his death, which occurred September 2, 1890. lie was the owner of considerable property, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 539 both in this State and in Ohio, and also pos- sessed valuable town property. He was ranked with the most successful men here. Politically, he was a Republican and a prom- inent and active worker in his party. He and his wife had seven children, namely: Almeda, deceased; J. Emmett, whose name heads this article; Annie E., at home, one of the successful teachers in the city schools; Barbara, deceased; John T., a veterinary sur- geon, Battle Creek, Iowa; Edwin C, attend- ing the State University at Iowa City; and Dollie, deceased. ig^ON. PHILLIP SCHALLER, one of the earliest settlers of Iowa, who, both as private citizen and public man, has done much to advance the welfare of his community and State, was born in Woerth, Alsace, January 6, 1838. His early educa- tion was received in the common schools of his native country. At the age of sixteen years he came to America, locating first in the Eastern States. In 1854 he removed to Iowa, and enlisted, August 8, 1862, in Com- pany E, Twenty-seventh Iowa Infantry, which served in the Army of the West. Mr. Schaller was in the service until July 1, 1865, and participated in all of the engage- ments of his regiment: Pleasant Hill, Cane Eiver, Old Oaks, Nashville, Tupelo, Old Town Creek, Red River campaign, and many others, about twenty in all. At the close of the war he relocated in Clayton county, Iowa, and engaged in the wagon business. He continued successfully in that occupation until 1871, and then set- tled in Eden township, Sac county, on a farm, which he commenced to improve. Shortly afterward he became an agent for the Iowa Land Company, which position he still re- tains. His tact and natural ability have rendered him successful in this undertaking, and he has probahly made more real-estate transfers than any other man in the State. He is a director of the First Natioual Bank of Sac City, Iowa, and president and origin- ator of the Lake View State Bank. The vil- lage of Schaller, Sac county, was named in honor of him by the railroad company, for whom he has done such efficient service. Mr. Schaller was married in October, 1865, to Miss Emeline L. Knight, an intelligent lady of Clayton county, Iowa. They have two children: Louisa S., now Mrs. E. P. Hartman, of Cowrie, Iowa; and Eugene E., married to F. S. Needham, of Lake View, Iowa. Politically, Mr. Schaller is a stanch Re- publican, by which party he was elected for five years a member of the Board of County Supervisors and for eight years County Treas- urer of Sac county, and a member of the Twenty-first General Assembly, where he did efficient service, advocating many reforms and materially advancing the interests of his community and the State. Among other things, he was an important figure in having a railroad constructed through Sac City, Sac county, to Kingsley in Plymouth county, which has been of inestimable benefit to the people of that locality. Nor have his ef- forts in their behalf been unappreciated by those most nearly concerned; on the con- trary, Mr. Schaller is the recipient of the very highest esteem of his community and of the State. He has always taken an act- ive interest in the promotion of educational interests in giving freely of both his time and money. Socially, he is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Occidental Lodge, No. 178; Darius e 10 BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0BF OF Chapter, NO. 58; Rose Croix Cominandery No. 38; and Eastern Star. No. 18; all of Sac City, [owa; also belongs to tin- DeMolai Consistory, No. 1, at Lyons, Iowa; and is a charter member of DesMoinea Consistory, Dee Moines, Iowa, and has held the office of Grand Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of Iowa. He is also a member of the Gf. A. R. General William T. Sherman Post, No. 284, and lias been Commander Cor three years of the Northwestern Veteran Association during their reunions at Sac City, Correction vi lie and Storm Lake, Iowa. As husband and father, as private citizens and in public office, his actions have ever been characterized by the most delicate honor, the highest integrity and most pleasing affa- bility; not only winning the respect of his fellow- men by his more rugged qualities, but also gaining their hearts by his more gentle attributes. fAMKS EAYWARD, a Earmer and stock- raiser, of Sac county, was born in Scott county, Iowa, November 17, 1841, a son of Thomas and Harriet (Osmond) I lay ward, natives of Dorsetshire, England. They came to Iowa in 1837, when it was yet a Territory, and the father died in Scott county, in 1849, and the mother in Cedar county, in 1889, at the age of seventy-one years. They reared a family of four children, one son and three daughters. James, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native county. During the war he was stationed at Little Rock, Arkansas, in the Quartermaster's De- partment, and alter the close of the struggle returned to Iowa. From 1KG9 until 1883 he lived in Lincoln and Seward counties, Ne- braska, and in the latter year purchased 114 acres of land iii Clinton township, Sac county, luwa. In October, 1892, Mr. I lay ward Bold that place, and purchased I 13 acres adjoining the town of Early, which is now one of the most valuable farms in Sac county. Li ad- dition to bis farming, our subject is also tak- ing an interest in blooded stock. He has two fine horses, Oambetta, bought of Edward Knott, of Waverly, Iowa, and Jericho, a French coach. Both are line horses. In his political relations Mr. Bay ward has been a Republican, but is now identified with the third party. He has held the office of Justice of the Peace, a member of ths School Board, etc. lie was married December 30, 1S09, in Brooklyn, Poweshiek county, Iowa, to Miss S. Emma Crozer, a native of Columbiana county, Ohio, who came to Iowa when four years of a»;e. She is a daughter of James and Johanna (Whitezel) Crozer, of Cedar county, Iowa. The parents reared a family of Bis children, four now living. One son, Charles, served in the late war, in the Second [owa Cavalry, and is now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Hayward. have six children: Nellie May, Albert .!., Daisy B., T. II., Charles Arthur and Ilattie L. Our subject and wife are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Hay- ward is prominent in the affairs of the county, and takes an active interest in everything for its good. fe E. WRIGHT, one of the promi- nent and successful citizens of Sac ^5s5s3=^' county, was horn in Franklin county, New York, October 30, 1845, a son of Dan- iel Wriffht, a native of the same countv. The bitter's father, Samuel Wright, was born in Ireland. The mother of our subject, nee CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 541 Cassandra Hogan, was a native of Grand Isle county, Vermont. Mr. and Mrs. Wright were the parents of iivc children, three sons and two daughters. The father was a farmer by occupation, a Republican in his political views, and the family were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Both parents died in New York. M. E., the subject of this sketch, was ed- ucated in the Lawrenceville Academy, in St. Lawrence county, New York. He began teaching in the winter of 1865-'66,at Holmes- hill in St. Lawrence county, New York, in the fall of 1866 removed to Clayton county, Iowa, where he taught a four months' term, when he returned to his home in Franklin county, New York, in March, 1867, and rented a farm for that year. In 1868 re- moved to Madison county, this State, and in 1876 purchased his present farm in Eden township, Sac county. He was one of the first to buy land in this township, and his farm of 240 acres is now well improved, with a one and a half story residence, 16 x 24 feet, and an L, 14 x 20 feet, and 12 x 28 feet along the side of L, a beautiful grove, an orchard of eight acres, two barns, one 32 x 46 feet, and the other, 24 x 96 feet, a windmill, stock scales, etc. In addition to his general farm- ing, Mr. Wright is also engaged in stock- raising, keeping Polled-Angus cattle and Hamilton ian horses. June 6, 1867, at Potsdam, St. Lawrence county. New York, our subject married Mrs. L. E. Moore, a native of Sutton, Canada, and a teacher before marriage. Her parents, John C. and Ruth Morgan, now reside at Arvilla, North Dakota. Mr. and Mrs. Wright were the parents of six children, three now living: Albertus D., Ernest B. and Ervin E., Oscar D., died at the age of eight months; Albion D., at nineteen months; and AVinnie E., born January 17, 1873, died May 24, 1891. She was a young lady of much promise, and was loved by all who knew her. Mr. Wright suffered a great loss in the death of his wife, November 15, 1892. She was a worthy wife and helpmate of her husband, an affectionate mother, and a kind neighbor. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically, our subject affiliates with the Re- publican party, has served as Township Trustee six years, as Township Assessor, as Secretary of the School Board, and in the fall of 1892 was elected county Supervisor. He is a man of intelligence, well posted on general topics, and is one of the popular and representative citizens of Sac county. §DAM HOVENDEN, of Sac county, Iowa, was born in Ireland January 8, 1841, a son of Adam and Margaret (Holland) Hovenden. The parents emigrated to America in an early day, locating in Essex county. New York, between Lake George and Lake Cham plain. They reared a family of four children: William, a member of the Fifth Kansas Cavalry during the war, died in Kentucky; John, a member of the same com- pany, resides in Iowa; Thomas, of Wheeler township, Sac county; and Adam, our sub- ject. The father was a saddler by trade, took an active interest in the Republican party, and was a member of the Episcopal Church. His death occurred in Essex county, New York. The mother departed this life at the age of forty-six years. Adam Hovenden, the subject of this sketch, was reared to farm life, and received a com- mon school education. In 1861 he enlisted in the Thirty-fourth New York Infantry, Company H, served two years, and took part BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0R? OF in the battles of Edward Ferry, near Hall's Bluff, Ybrktown, Fair Oaks, Antietam, South Mountain, Fredericksburg, in the Seven days' fight before Richmond, in the sec- ond battle of Malvern Hill, ami in the retreat at Mull Bun. lie was wounded in the left leg 1 » y a minie ball at, An- tietam, also receiving a slight wound on the nose at Hall's Bluff. Mr. Eovenden was confined in the hospital in Philadelphia, cor- ner of Broad and Cherry streets, next trans- ferred to Germ'antown, and was honorably discharged in L863. He returned to Essex county, New York, and in March, 1804, re- moved to Clinton county, Iowa, settling near Maquoketa. In 1874 he took tip his resi- dence in Levey township, Sac county, but in 1892 settled on his present place, section 23, Clinton township, Sac county. Mr. Hovenden was married in Clinton county, Iowa, at the age of twenty-seven years, to Adelia J. Augell, who was born, reared and educated in Jefferson county. New York, a daughter of Samuel and Cath- erine (Linton) Augell, the former a native of Oneida county, New York, and the latter of Maryland. They reared a family of eight children, and one son, Byron, took part in the late war, in an Iowa regiment. He now re- sides in Floyd county, this State. The father was a sailor and farmer by occupation, and politically was identified with the Republican party. lie died at the age of eighty-four years, and the mother died at the age of sixty-eight years. They were members of the Methodist Church. Mr. and Mrs. Hovenden have ten living children, as follows: M\ra. Maggie, Delbert, John, Charles, Willis. Flora, Leila, Bee and Darlow. Myra, a successful and popular teacher of Lake View, is the wife of Charles Schanck. Maggie, also a suc- cessful teacher of this county, is the wife of Philo Slaughter. Our subjecl and wife I"-' two children by death, Mary, aged sixteen months, and Behind, two months. Mr. Bov- ender votes with the Republican party, and socially, is a member of Colonel Goodrich I'osi. No. 117, of Odebolt. He ami his wife are members of the Bethel Methodist Episcopal Chnrch, of Clinton township, in which they also take an active interest in Sabbath-school work. -"•': ' -■•£>'•>-:• ■ r> TONE & TEMPLE, lumber merchants of Denison, Iowa, carry a full line of building material, except brick, and deal in coal also. This firm was organized April, 1885, and consists of E. A. Stone and W. \l. Temple. They succeeded M. Stone, who founded the business in 1865, and they have one of the best plants in the county. W. B. Temple, member of the above firm, has been a resident of Crawford county since 1878. lie is a native of Durham county, England, horn August 28, 1844, son of Nicholas and Sarah (Scott) Temple. Our subject came to America in 1869, being then in his twenty-fifth year. After his arrival in this country he located in the lead mines in Jo Daviess county, Illinois, where he re- mained for two months and then removed to Shullsherg, La Fayette county .Wisconsin, and worked in the lead mines there, staying some two years, and in 1870 was married to Mary J. Mill, of English descent, nati .<■ of Wiscon- sin. They then returned to England, where they remained two years. They then re- turned to Wisconsin, where Mr. Temple worked one winter, working in the mines. In the summer he engaged in farming in Wisconsin, where he remained until he came to Crawford county, Iowa. Shortly after- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 543 ward he removed to Otoe county, Nebraska, where he farmed one crop, and then returned to Crawford county, and entered the employ of M. Stone in the lumber, stock and grain business, in which position he continued un- til he and E. A. Stone formed the present partnership. Mr. and Mrs. Temple have had twelve chil- dren: Nicholas, deceased; Sarah; Elizabeth; Minnie, deceased; Grace, deceased; Henry, deceased; Grace, at home, and four children who died in infancy; also William W., at home. Mr. Temple is a firm Republican, and a member of the I. O. G. T., and L. of H. He is a useful member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, in which he is a Steward and Cla-3 \- Leader. He has been a successful busi- ness man, and richly deserves the success he has attained. Our subject's father was named Nicholas Scott, but his mother's name being Temple before marriage, Mr. Scott took the name of Temple. Mr. and Mrs. Temple are highly respected people in this their adopted country and city, and are much esteemed by their host of friends. > WILLIAM E. HAMILTON, editor and proprietor of The Chronicle, was born March 13, 1857, in Mercer, Pennsyl- vania. When he was twelve years old his parents located in Sharon, Pennsylvania,and at the age of fifteen he entered the employ of the Atlantic Iron Works of that place as bill clerk and assistant bookkeeper. Within two years he was made paymaster, and after an experi- ence of seven years in clerical work, decided to go West and learn the newspaper business. In December, 1880, he became local editor of the Bloomfield, Iowa, Republican, and a year latter assumed editorial charge of that paper. In November, 1882, he went to Des Moines to engage in newspaper work, and in January, 1883, he entered the employ of Zane & Helsell, Odebolt, taking charge of their abstract books. In May, 1887, he is- sued the first number of The Chronicle, which he has continued to publish up to date. The Chronicle is a live local paper, ag- gressively Republican in politics, and enjoys the distinction of being one of the most widely quoted country newspapers in the State. Mr. Hamilton is unmarried. -«fc fOHN JACOB HINK, Silver Creek township, section 34, is one of the well- known citizens of Ida county, having been a resident of this county since 1880, and of Iowa since 1864. He was born in Hol- stein, Germany, May 9, 1845, and is a son of Clouse and Mary (Severin) Hink, both parents being natives of Germany, where they died. They had ten children. John Jacob, the subject of our sketch, received his education in the German schools, which he attended until he was sixteen years of age. He afterward learned the carpenters' trade, at which he worked for some time. In 1864 he emigrated to the United States, coming to Davenport, Scott county, Iowa. He resided in Davenport some time, working at the cooper's trade. In 1874 he removed to Walnut, Pottawattamie county, where he re- sided six years. In 1880 he came to Ida county and purchased a farm of ninety-five acres, in Blaine township. This he afterward sold and moved on his present farm in March, 1892. Ml BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0BT <>!•' Mr. II ink was married at the age of thirty- one years in Clinton Iowa, to Miss Augusta Steffin, who was a native of Pommern, Q-er many, and who came to Clinton, Lowa, at the ace of Bixteen years. Her father was Lewis Steffin, deceased, lie died in Sioux county, [owa, in 1888. Her mother was Louisa (Weller) Steffin, who is now seventy-two years of age and resides at Walnut, Potta- wattamie county, lowa. Mr. Bink and wife are the parents of eight children, viz.: Mat- tie, Eddy, John, William, Harry, Mary, Al- hert, and Lizzie. Id religion Mr. Ilink is a Lutheran. Po- litically, he is a Democrat, and has served as a member of the School Board. He is a man yet in the prime of life and one of the re- spected and enterprising citizens of Ida county. MIEODORE BOCHMANN, an enter- prising and prosperous farmer residing on 234 acres of land in section 1, Bat- tle township, Ida county, Iowa, has been Identified with the agricultural interests of this place since 1881. Mi-. Bochmann was born in the year 1839, and, like many of the thrifty farmers of this vicinity, is a native of Germany. His parents, Frederic and Minnie Bochmann. came with their family to the United States when he was small and settled at Buffalo, New York. They spent the rest of their lives in New York, the mother dying while Theodore was yet a mere lad. After her death he went to Chicago, and in the vicinity of that city spent his youth and early manhood, engaged in farm work and other employment. During the rebellion he enlisted in the Union army ami served until the close of the war, when ho was honorably discharged and paid off at Chicago. During his service he was in the thickest of the fight, and, although never wounded, had a bullet shot through his hat and one thromrh his coat. After the war Mr. Bochmann located in Cook county, Illinois, and engaged in farm- ing. From 1*71 to 1881 he farmed in But- ler county, Iowa, and from there came to his present locution, first purchasing 160 acres of land at SS.50 per acre, and afterward buying eighty acres more. He now has one of the best improved farms in the neighborhood, lie has a nice frame residence, 16x24 feet, a story and a half, with an L, lit x 18 feet, one story; nice grove and orchard of three acres and vineyard; barn, 24x36 feet; crib, 26x32 feet; granary, 16x22 feet; hog- hop.se, 24x48 feet; and goo<3 fences, etc.; everything kept in first-class order. He keeps on an average sixteen horses, twenty-five cat- tle and fifty hogs. When he was twenty-six years of age Mr. Bochmann was married, in 1866, in Cook county, Illinois, to Maria Riebesel, who died in 1882, leaving four children: Gustav, Her- mann, Charley and Caroline. In 1883 our subject took as his second wife Emma Eich- ler, and she became the mother of three chil- dren: Clara, Otto and Bruno. Mr. Bochmann is, religiously, a Lutheran; politically, a Kepublican; and socially, a member of Holstein Post, G. A. R.,No. 423. He is a good example of the Americanized- German citizen of Iowa. < >II X HOYT, oue of the prominent and substantial farmers on Silver creek, Ida county. Iowa, was born in AValdo county, Maine, August 11, 1839, son of Benjamin CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 545 and Abigail (Emmons) Hoyt. Several gen- erations of his ancestors lived in America. He was reared on a farm and educated in the public schools of his native State. Mr. Hoyt emigrated to Wisconsin when a young man, and there, at the age of twenty- two, enlisted in the army, becoming a mem- ber of Company F, Thirty-third Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. After a service of three years he was mustered out at Madison, hav- ing participated in twenty-three battles and skirmishes, prominent among which were the siege of Vicksburg, Red River campaign, Price's raid in Missouri, battles along the march of the retreat of Hood, capture of Mobile, etc. Although he was in the thick- est of the fight he never received a wound. After the war Mr. Hoyt made his home in Green county, Wisconsin, until 1869, when he came to Iowa and located in Dallas county, where he engaged in farming. Prior to com- ing to Iowa he was interested in the milling business. Mr. Hoyt passed through Ida Grove when it was a small hainlet. He spent a short time in Dakota, returned to Iowa, purchased 142 acres of land in section 7, Sil- ver Creek township, Ida county, and here he has since lived. This property he has de- veloped into a valuable farm. His comforta- ble residence is surrounded by a nice grove and one of the finest orchards in the county. His barn is 21x32 feet, with an L, 16x32 feet, on each side for granaries, stock, etc. Prosperity has attended his earnest efforts, and he has been enabled to add to his original purchase, being now the owner of 222 acres. Mr. Hoyt was married July 5, 1868, to Miss Esther J. Sehoonover, a native of La- grange county, Indiana, and a daughter of Philander and Margaret (Eiman) Sehoonover, who at an early day moved to Wisconsin. They have four children, namely: Alvin W., attending college at Ames, Iowa; Abbie E., a teacher of Ida county; and Leon and Ralph at home. Politically, Mr. Hoyt affiliates with the Democratic party, and is an active worker in its ranks. He has served as Township As- sessor six years. He is a self-made man, having by his own industry, integrity and frugality won his way to success, and through- out the county he is well known as one of its most trustworthy and respected citizens. fOHN HUIE is a successful farmer located on section 33 in Boyer township, where he has a nice home. He was born in Ogle county, Illinois, in 1811, and was the third in a family of four children born to David and Catherine (Sanborn) Huie. His father was a native of Scotland and his mother came from Canada. The father was reared in the glens of Scotland, and came to this country when a young man, and found his way to upper Canada, where he engaged in farming. He there married and followed agricultural pursuits until 1839, when he de- cided to make a change, and he came to Ogle county, Illinois, which at that time had not been surveyed. He settled on Government land and improved it and made it his per- manent home. He entered into all of the improvements iu the county, and the home of this pioneer was one of the pleasantest in that section. He and his good wife were de- voted members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a certificate was given the mother of our subject on account of her long membership in that body. She had joined the church when a child in Canada. She still lives in Ogle county, one of the most respected and beloved residents. The father 548 BIOGJIAPIin .1/. HISTORY OF died in 1849. Be left eighty acres of land, which was kept in the family, and is now owned byau uncle, the brother of the mother. She married N. P. Scott, a native of Ohio, who was a very early pioneer there, but who now resides in ( >glo county, Illinois. Of the family of four children horn to Mr. and Mrs. lluie. Sr., Robert J. is married and resides in Charles City, Iowa; Mary Ann is the wife of D. E, Bedford, of Smith county- Kansas; Rccina is single, and resides in Illi- nois. Oar subject was reared in Ogle county, Illinois, and was taught in the district schools. He was among the very first to respond to the call for volunteers in 1801, and enli-ted in Company B, Fourth Illinois Cavalry, for three years, or during the war. He was mustered into the service at Ottawa, Illinois, and was assigned to Grant's original com- mand, and took part in the battles of Fort Donelson, Fort Henry, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, and in many of the minor engage- ments. He received an honorable discharge at Natchez, Mississippi, in 1804, and in the spring of 1805 he re-enlisted in Company L, Eleventh Illinois Cavalry, for one year, and was honorably discharged at Memphis, Ten- nessee, in November, 1SG5, and returned to Ogle county, Illinois, and remained there until he came to Crawford county in lMis. The marriage of our subject took place in Crawford county, Boyer township, in 1SMI, to MlSS Martha L. Dunham, who was a na- tive of Jackson county. Iowa, and the daugh- ter of Cornelius and Margaret (Scott) Dun- ham. The father of Mrs. Suie was a native of Massachusetts and the mother of Ohio. The father came to Iowa at an early day, set- tling in Jackson county. The mother came to Fulton county in the early thirties, and went later to Clinton, Iowa. She was mar ried in that county, and lived in Jackson county some years after marriage to Mr. Dunham, about 1850. They moved to East Boyer township on a farm, where Tracy Chap- man now lives, and remained there for a few years, and went then to Boyer township and made their home there. He died in 1805 and his wife survived him until InTG. He was very active in the early political history of the county. After the marriage of our subject he set- tled on an adjoining farm in Harrison count \ . and in 1881 he moved to his present place. He owns a good farm of 740 acres, and has it in a fine state of cultivation. He has fence-, buildings and improvements of all kind:-, and is one of the progressive men. He takes some interest in politics, and always casts his vote with the Republican part}'. Socially, our subject is a member of Shield's Post, No. 83, G. A. R., at Dnnlap. He is the father of four children: Kate, who is one of the successful teachers of Crawford county, and of Harrison county also; Robert, Winni- fred and Jennie. The land owned by Mr. Huie shows him to be one of the successful and progressive farmers, and he has been an interested worker in the many changes which have taken place here since his residence of twenty-four years. F W. GOODRICH, the popular landlord of the hotel at Battle ('reek, Ida county. ° Iowa, was born in Cass county. Illinois, November 26, 1859, son of Hiram and Mary Louise i Lucas) Goodrich. His father was born in Paris, France, was a miller bj trade, lived in the United States for a number of years, and died at the age of sixty two. His mother was a native of Missouri, and died at the age of thirty-two. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 547 Mr. Goodrich was reared and educated in Illinois. He came to Iowa in 1890 and in 1892 he opened a hotel at Battle Creek, which he has since conducted. Previous to that he was in the reale-state and insurance business. He keeps a first-class establish- ment, thoroughly understands his business, and is making a success of it. By his genial hospitality and kind attention to guests, Mr. Goodrich always gains for a friend every one who stops with him. Indeed, he is one of the most popular landlords in western Iowa. He was married January 7, 1892, to Miss Elvira Jeanette Bawra, a native of Illinois, and a daughter of Israel and Crarcy Bawm, of Shelby county, that State. Politically, he affiliates with the Republican party. •*= > , J. BARDWELL, of the firm of Wal- rod tfe Bardwell, hardware merchants, * Ida Grove, is one of the prominent business men of the town. Messrs. R. P. Walrod and E. J. Bardwell established their business here in 1889. They occupy a room, 24x75 feet, carry a full line of shelf hard- ware, tinware, stoves, etc., and make a spe- cialty of Garland stoves. Both are men of good business qualifications. They have a large trade, and have honestly earned, by dili- gent work, the liberal patronage which they have received. The junior member of the firm, Mr. Bard- well, is a native of Genesee county, New York, born in 1858, son of Milton and Mary (Evans) Bardwell, descendants of New En- gland families, who trace their ancestry back to the mother country. Milton Bard- well was born in Whately, Franklin county, Massachusetts, in 1821, son of Noah and Rachael (Bond) Bardwell, and was reared on a farm, remaining in Massachusetts until he was eighteen. At this time he came West as far as Illinois. A year later, however, he went back to New York State, and made his home there until 1864, when became to Clin- ton county, Iowa. In 1882 he moved to Ida county. Here he improved a farm of 240 acres and became one of the leading farmers of the county. Since 1889 he has been re- tired from active life. His marriage occurred in 1847, his wife being a native of New York. Following are the names of their four chil- dren: Emogene, wife of A. Needham, of Ida county; Philena, wife of R. P. Walrod, a partner in the hardware firm referred to at the beginning of this sketch; E. J.; and Mil- ton D., a farmer residing in Texas. The father is a Republican and a Baptist. E. J. Bardwell was five years of age when his father moved to Clinton county, Iowa, and he was reared to farm life, in this State. In 1882 he came to Ida county and located on a farm in Corwin township. This farm, 160 acres, was partially improved at the time he purchased it, and he placed it under a high state of cultivation, being engaged in general farming here until 1889. Since that date, as already stated, he has been identified with the hardware business in Ida Grove. Socially, he is connected with the following organiza- tions: I. O. O. F., Ida Grove Lodge, No. 259; Encampment, No. 45, Golden Rule; and M. W. of A. Mr. Bardwell was married in 1880 to Miss Minnie Dickinson, a native of Iowa, and their two children are Eva and Nina. M. THEW, proprietor of Thew's Cheese Factory, Buck Grove, Wash- ington township, Crawford county, Iowa, manufacturer of full-cream cheese, 548 BIOGRAPHIC AI. HISTORY OF turned onl in the Beason of L892 25, (too pounds of that commodity, all of which found B local market. Although only established in 1889 it i- one of the leading industries of this part of the county, being a valuable and profitable business. The cheese has grown in favor on its own merits, and is ranked as high as any manufactured in the State, the demand constantly increasing, as its good qualities become known. Mr. Thew lias had many years experience in cheese mating, and gives his personal attention to the work, Two teams are engaged in gathering the milk from the neighboring farm houses. J. D. Thew, a brother of the proprietor, a veteran and skilled worker, is employed as maker of the product, he ranking as one of the most expert manufacturers in western Iowa. Our subject was born in Clinton county, New Fork, February 1, 1551; the son of Erastus Thew, a native of New York, and a well-known and highly respected citizen of this township, and of Melissa (Parrott) Thew, also a native of New York. In 1865 the family removed to Mc Henry county, Illinois, where they remained several years. The mother died, leaving a family of four children, namely: J. D., S. M., our subject; Capitola, wife of (). M. Bicknell, of Back Grove; and Percival, who died at the age of fifteen years. Our subject received his schooling in Clinton county, New York, and in McIIenn < ity, Illinois, lie came to Iowa in 1870, settled in Crawford county, and taught school twenty- two terms. In 1883 he was engaged in the stock business in Odeholt, Sac county, Iowa. Mr. Thew owns a good farm near litiek Grove, consisting of 120 acres, well improved and in first class shape. The residence is a one and one-halt' story house, 20x30 feet, with an L, 18x20, one story high, sur- rounded by a lawn and yard with shade trees. and an orchard and grove near by. The Cheese factory stands outside the yard. -Mr. Thew was married at I >es Moines. Iowa, in 1870, to Sarah Mullis, a lady of education and refinement, and a teacher be- fore her marriage; daughter of Joseph Mul- lis, of Denison township, and of Mary ( Prouse) Mullis, both natives of England. Mrs. Thew was born and reared in Mcllenrv county, Illinois, and has borne her husband one child, a son, Ivian S., born in 1879, and died July 9, 1889. Our subject is a People's party man, formerly a Democrat; is Town- ship Clerk and a very popular official. His affiliations are with the Farmers' Alliance. Mr. and Mrs. Thew are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, he being a Steward and a very active and influential official of that body. Mr. Thew is a man of liberal ideaB, sincere in his convictions, and an ad- vocate of education, religion and the cause of the people. iENJAMIN MAULE.— No one of the residents of Cedar township, Sac county. Iowa, is better known than the subject of the present notice. He was born in Ches- ter county, Pennsylvania, June 29, 1842, and was a son of Thomas, who was a son of Ben- jamin Maule, who was a soldier in the Revo- lutionary war. His ancestors were Ger- mans. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Priscilla Welsh, and they be- came the parents of six children, live sons and one daughter, and one of the former, Thomas, was a member of the Sixty ninth Indiana In- fantry, and was killed at Milliken's Mend, in 1862, at the age of twenty-two years. The other children were: our subject, . I (dm. Will- lain, [saac and Priscilla. The family moved from Pennsylvania to Richmond, Indiana, in H ^^i^UlCv^l. i^fetdJ!^ CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 549 1850, and settled on a farm near to the town of Richmond, where the mother died at the age of sixty years, and the father when eighty- four. By trade the latter was a farmer and tanner. In politics he had been a Whig, but at the formation of the Republican party he heartily joined that. Our subject was reared on a farm and was educated in the common schools. He en- tered the army during the late war, becom- ing a member of the Fifty-seventh Ohio In- fantry Volunteer for three months' service, and was taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry by Stonewall Jackson's command, and was pa- roled. He then returned to Delaware county, Ohio, and in 1863 he joined the Eighty-fourth Indiana Infantry Volunteer in Company I, and was at the battle of Dalton, Georgia, and went all through the Atlanta campaign, and fought against Hood at Franklin, under Gen- eral Thomas. He was honorably discharged at the close of the war, and returned to Wayne county, where he lived until 1882, when he came to Sac county, Iowa, where he now owns eighty acres and has a good farm. His residence is a neat frame one, with di- mensions of 16 x 20 feet, one and one-half Story, built in southern style. He has a fine grove with plenty of orchard and small fruits, stable, yards, feed lots, pasture and plow lands, all in good shape. Our subject is located just four miles from, Sac City, in a fine neigborhood. He was married December 31, 1867, in Wayne county, Indiana, to Miss Virginia Stydham, who was reared and educated in Wayne county, a daughter of Edward Stydham and Mary Jane (Graham) Stydham, bo,th of whom were born yi Pennsylvania. They have had the follow- ing children: Sarah Ann, the wife of T. M. Strain, of Calhoun county, Thomas E., George G-, Eva May and Forest Glen. One died, 40 named Bertha, at the age of seventeen months, who was the youngest child. Politically, our subject is a Republican, and he ie a member of the G. A. R., Post William T. Sherman, No. 284, of Sac City; both he and wife are devoted members of the Restitution Church, or the Church of God, good and pious people. The whole family are highly esteemed, and Mr. Maule is one of the best citizens of the county. i A.RTIN NEAL, one of the early set- lfi\V/fcll( tiers of Crawford county, Iowa was ^stp^ born in Erie county, Ohio, May 20, 18,3,4,. His father, Henry Neal, immigrated to Chicago, Illinois, in 1844, and settled near Little Fort in Lake county, thirty-two miles north of Chicago, where he lived on a farm in the timber regions. In 1852, when in his eighteenth year, Mar- tin Neal left his father's home, and with a Mr. Charles Crary, of Kenosha, Wisconsin, crossed the plains to California. Mr. Crary was to take young Neal through to Califor- nia for |150, and this amount his father paid with the agreement that when Martin had earned the money he was to send his father $1,000 for the $150, and for his time until he was twenty-one. Be it here recorded that he. sent back $750, and his father told him he need send no more, as that amount would set- tle their agreement. In June, 1856, he em- barked at San Francisco for home, coming via the Isthmus of Panama and New York. In 1857 he went from Lake county up to Chippewa Falls in Wisconsin, where he ran a ferry-boat across the Chippewa river between Chippewa Falls and Frenchtown. Late in the fall of that year he and others purchased .•,,-,11 BIOOHM'HICM. HISTORY OF lumber at Chippewa and rafted it down the rivers to Rock Island, where they sold it to merchants. Again he returned to Lake county. In April, 1858, he and his brother, Eenrj W. Neal, and three of their cousins by the name of Evritt, from Erie county, Ohio, equipped themselves with teams and provis- ions and traveled across Illinois and Iowa in- to Nebraska, where they spent two months \ iewing the country. They then came back to Iowa, and in Cass county the subject of our sketch trailed a team for eighty acres of land and then sold his wagon. He and one of his cousins had one horse left. With this horse they started for Davenport, taking turns in riding, and at Davenport sold it. Thence by rail they went to Lake county. In the spring of IS.") 1 ,) he and his brother, Henry, shipped a yoke of oxen and a wagon from Chicago to Davenport, drove them from there to Cedar county, Iowa, and at that place took in com- pany with them a cousin, Martin Vanhorn, and two young men from Cliuton county, William Cuffy and James O'Connor. These live young men, with three yoke of oxen and two yoke of cows, a good supply of provis- ions, and some groceries to sell on the way, started on the long journey to California. They landed in Sacramento with three oxen and one wagon about the 29th of Septem- ber, 1859, and there the five scattered. Martin, however, met each of them several times afterward in California. He was en- gaged in teaming over the mountains to Car- son and Virginia City, Nevada. December 20, 1860, he again left San Francisco for the East, coming by way of the Isthmus and New "i ork. It was his intention at this time to go back across the plains the following spring and take with him a drove of cattle and mules. Bat the civil war broke out and his plans were thwarted. He had left $1,750 worth of notes and property in California, from which ho afterward realized only $335. March 13, 1801, Mr. Xeal married Taur/ou Melott, of Cedar county, Iowa, their marriage occurring at Tipton. She was the daughter of Benjamin and Jane Melott, formerly of Holmes county, Ohio, the date of her birth being October 25, 1836. He and his wife went to Lake county, Illinois, where he rented a farm for a term of two years. When his lease had expired he purchased a farm of sixty-five acres, five miles north of Wauke- gan, formerly known as Little Fort. He traded the eighty acres he owned in Cass county, Iowa, in part payment for this prop- erty. Four years later he sold out at a good profit and went to Cedar county, this State. This was in the spring of 1867,. The follow- ing fall he purchased 160 acres of land from Moses Bunter in that county, located on it and commenced farming. The next year he purchased eighty acres of adjoining land, and the following year twenty acres more, making 260 acres in all. In the spring of 1871 he sold this farm to John Barinski for 80,200, taking a house and blacksmith shop in Low- den in part payment for the same. In four- teen days afterward he sold the house and shop. He lived in Clarence, Cedar county, four years. He then traded the property he had improved in Clarence for a farm of 160 acres, on which he lived until February, 1881. On this farm his wife died May 16, 1880. After the death of his wife, Mr. Neal Bold his farm and personal property and took an- other trip West. He vis'ted various portions of Missouri and Iowa, and finally located in Cass county again, purchasing a farm within four miles of the land he bought in ls58. There he built a house and barn and also a tenant house. In the fall of l^M he came to Crawford county and purchased land in CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO 00VNT1ES. 551 Soldier township, and that same fall shipped some cattle here to he wintered. In February, 1882, he shipped two carloads of horses and tools to Battle Creek, and from there went out ten miles on Soldier river to his land. He shoveled the snow off the prairie and built a barn to accommodate his stock, and as soon as spring opened he commenced breaking the prairie. He plowed over 500 acres that year, put a fence around 160 acres, and sixty acres he fenced for pasture; built a granary, corn- crib, good house, etc., and within two years purchased over 1,300 acres of land. In De- cember, 1882, he returned to Cedar county, Iowa, on a visit, and while there was married, January 1, 1883, to Miss Jeanette Goddard, daughter of George and Betsy Goddard, of Clinton county, Iowa. Mrs. Neal was born in Clinton county, January 7, 1844. Her parents emigrated from New York to this State in 1839, and settled in Clinton county, where they still reside, the father being now seventy-nine and the mother eighty years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Neal made their home on the farm in Soldier township from January, 1883, till March 1, 1890, during which time Mr. Neal bought and improved and sold several farms. He now lives in the flourish- ing town of Charter Oak, where he has a nice residence. He also has a dwelling and store building tb,at he rents here. He is a stockholder in and one of the directors of the First National Bank of Charter Oak, the firet national bank established in Crawford county. He still owns about 1,440 acres of land in Soldier township. From the above it will be seen that Mr. Neal has been extensively engaged in real- estate transactions. He has owned lands in Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and in several counties in Iowa, Cedar, Cass, Crawford and Ida. He still has some holdings in Ida county. He has owned town lots in Wauke- gan, Illinois; Clarence, Iowa; Battle Creek, Iowa; and Charter Oak, Iowa; and still re- tains a third interest in ten acres of land located twelve miles west of the Chicago courthouse. He has handled a good num- ber of horses, mules and cattle, and is still engaged in buying, selling and improving land. Such is a brief sketch of one of the wealthy and influential men of Crawford county. fD. HARRINGTON, Chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Ida county ° Iowa, and an early settler of this county is a native of the " Keystone " State. Mr. Harrington was born in Forest county, Pennsylvania, February 7, 1839, son of Daniel and Hettie (Elder) Harrington, natives of Connecticut and Pennsylvania, respectively, and of Irish extraction. His father was a farmer and merchant and did an extensive country business. He is now a resident of Butler, Butler county, Pennsylvania, and has reached the advanced age of eighty-nine years. The mother is deceased. They had a family of eight children, namely: John, a member of theEigty-seventh Pennsylvania, was killed at the battle of Bull Run; Mariah, deceased; Candar, a resident of Forest county, Penn- sylvania; Hettie, deceased; George, deceased; Charles, Butler, Pennsylvania; Mary, wife of Lew Spears, Chautauqua county, New York; and J. D., the subject of our sketch. At the age of twelve years Mr. Harrington ran away from home, and from that time forward took care of himself. His youthful days were spent in various occupations. He educated himself after he had reached his majority, and is now competent to attend to 552 nioaHAMWAL uistoky of :m v business thai may devolve upon him. He remained in Pennsylvania until 1861, when he came to Iowa and Located in Jack- bou county. Here in August the following year he enlisted in Company B, Twenty- seventh Volunteer Infantry, and Berved until August 8, 1865, when he was honorably dis- charged. He was slightly wounded at the battle of Pleasant Hill. January 5, 1865, lie was taken prisoner in the eastern part of Tennessee, and was held until May 12, 1865, at Anderson ville. Lie was in the battles of Little Rock, Fort Derusia, Yellow Bayou, Pleasant Hill, Nashville and Borne others, and also a large number of skirmishes. Tlie war over, Mr. Harrington returned to Pennsylvania and remained there until the spring of L867, when he came back to Iowa and settled down on a farm in Jackson ci nty, remaining there until 1873. In June of that year he came to Ida county, and has since resided liere, with the exception of , nree years, 1884 to 1887, which he spent in Kansas. Upon locating in this county lie first settled on eiglity acres of prairie land on section 1, Maple township, and after living on this farm two years and improving it to some extent he sold it and purchased 160 acres on section 11, Logan township, it also being prairie land. Three years later lie sold this property and bought 218 acres in section 6, Silver Creek township. This he improved, and also sold after keeping it three years. Alter his sojourn in Kansas he returned to Ida county and bought 160 acres in Douglas township, section 17, which he improved and on which be made liis home three years. Then he sold out again and invested in a small farm in section 18, Silver Creek town- ship, but only lived on it a year before selling out and moving to Ida Grove. Here lie still lives. Mr. Harrington was married June 1\ 1867, to Miss Margaret McCabe, a native of Ireland, and a daughter of Patrick and Cath- erine McCabe. She was reared in Jackson county, this State. They have six children: Daniel, Charles, James, Andrew, Arthur and Prank, the last two being at home, and the others engaged in farming. Politically. Mr. Harrington afliliates with the Democratic party, Ho was elected County Supervisor in 1889, and as a member of that hoard of officers lias rendered most efficient services, which have been highly appreciated by the people at large. At the time he went. into office the county debt was about §70,000, and it has since lieen reduced to the neigh- borhood of §40,000. Mr. Harrington is a memljerof the G. A. K., Matthew Cray Post, and of the A. F. & A. M., Alpine Lodge, No. 471. fOIIX M. FRAHM, of the firm of John M. Frabm At Co., general merchants, Charter Oak, Iowa, has been identified with the interests of Crawford county for several years and is therefore entitled to some personal mention in this work. Mr. Fralnn was horn in Schleswig, Ger- many, September, 1854, son of Peter and Flsiha Frahm. His lather came to America, and died eighteen months after landing here. His mother is still living, being now aged seventy-nine years. Their family consists of three Bona and one daughter. John M. was reared on a farm in hi> native country and educated in the public schools there. In 1871 he came to the United States, landing on American soil May 17. He at once came on \\ est to Iowa and took up his abode at Lyons, Clinton county, where he remained until 1878. That year he qme to Crawford CRAWFORD IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 553 county, and engaged in farming and carpenter work, having learned tlie carpenters' trade after coming to this State. He worked at that trade about six years. On coining to this county, he first settled in Stockholm township. From 1887 to 1889 he was en- gaged in the furniture business at Denison. In October, of the latter year, he came to Charter Oak, and established a furniture store here, which he conducted until February, 1892. Since April 10, 1892, Mr. Frahm has been engaged in his present business. The firm of John M. Frahin & Co. has a stock of clean, new goods, embracing a fine assort- ment of dry goods, groceries, queensware, boots and shoes, woodenware, trunks, valises, etc. They also handle sewing machines. Mr. Frahm erected his comfortable and at- tractive residence in Charter Oak. He was married October 30, 1885, to Miss Mary Thiede, who was born near the town of Palse- walk, Prussia, daughter of William Thiede. The Thiede family came to America in 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Frahin have three children: Allie, Willie and Hildah. Mr. Frahm is, socially, a member of the K. of P., No. 221; politically, a Democrat; religiously, a supporter of the Lutheran Church. fAMES MANN", a successful farmer and well-known citizen of Battle township, Ida county. Iowa, has been identified with the agricultural interests of this place since 1881. Briefly, a sketch of his life is herewith presented: James Mann was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, August 8, 1834, son of Charles and Anna (Grant) Mann, natives of Scotland. His parents passed their lives and died in their native land, the father dying when James was six years of age. He was a carpenter bj T trade. Our subject was reared on a farm, and at the age of twenty came to America, first locating in Canada, where he spent seven months. He then came to Iowa and settled in Cedar county, near Tipton, where he was engaged in farming until the outbreak of the civil war. September 13, 1861, he enlisted in Com- pany C, Second Iowa Cavalry, and partici- pated in numerous important engagements, among which were those of Island No. 10, New Madrid, Corinth, Iuka, etc. He was twice wounded, at West Point and Nashville, Tennessee. July 17, 1864, he was honorably discharged at Davenport, Iowa, after which he returned to his home in Cedar county. He farmed near Clarence until 1881, when he came to Ida county and purchased 160 acres of wild land in Battle township, and now has one of the best improved farms in the neighbor- hood. He has a two-story residence, 16x24 feet, with an L, 14 x 16 feet, one story. His barn is 26 x 34 feet, with 16-foot posts. Cribs, sheds, stables, granary, feed lots, good fences, and a grove and orchard, comprising four acres, are among the other improvements he has placed on this land. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Mann was married in 1866, in Tipton county, Iowa, to Isabelle Safely, a native of Red Oak, Cedar county, Iowa, daughter of John and Elizabeth Safely. Her father was born in Scotland, and was among the first settlers of Cedar county, locating there in 1835. Mr. and Mrs. Mann had eight chil- dren, three sons and five daughtars, namely: Willie A.; Charles J.; John S., who died at the age of eleven years; Mary, wife of Hugh Ferguson, of Louisiana; Bessie, wife of .V.I BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF William Laiug, of Battle township; Anna A., Cora B., and Fannie Laura. The great bereavemenl of Mr. Mann's life was caused by the death of his beloved wife, July 3. 1887. Site was a devoted companion, a lov- ing mother, and in every respect a most amiable woman. Mr. Mann is a Republican. He has served his township most acceptably as a member of the School Board. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, William Baker Post, No. 298, Correctionvillc. foiIX W. SE1FERT, an enterprising and successful farmer, residing in Battle township, Ida county, Iowa, came here in 1884, and has since made this place his home. Mr. Seifert dates his birth near Camanche, in Clinton county, Iowa, January 21, 1855. His father, II. W. Seifert, was born and reared in Germany, and at the age of twenty- one came to the United States and settled in New York, where he was subsequently married to Magd aline Neuss, also a native of Germany, she having come to the United State> at the age of eighteen. They moved We6t and settled in Clinton county, Iowa, about 1852. A^fter living in Camanche ten years, they located at a place near DeWitt, in the same county, where they still reside. The father was a broom manufacturer for some v,-ar~ in the East, but since comingto Iowa he has been engaged in farming. Theyhavethree children: Barbara Chapman, who lives in York county, Nebraska; Charles, a business man of DeWitt, Iowa; and John W. The father is a Republican ami a member of the United Presbyterian Church. For a number of years he has been an active church worker. John W. Seifert was reared to farm life in his native country. From 1879 until 1884 he lived near Clarence, Cedar county, and in the latter year he came to his present location. Here he bought 100 acres of improved land from John Merical. It is well-fenced and conveniently arranged tor general farming and stock-raising. His house is 16 x 26 Eeet, a story and a half and is located on a natural building Bite; has a fine grove of one acre; barn, 24x34 feet; granary, cribs, yards, etc., all in first-class order. Mr. Seifert was married in January, 1SS3, to Miss Sadie A. Duff, a native of Muskingum county, Ohio, and a daughter of William and Julia A. (Paul) Duff. Her fatherand mother are natives, respectively, of Muskingum ami Belmont counties, Ohio, and are now residents of Pawnee City. Nebraska. They have six children living, one son and live daughters, and two sons deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Sei- fert have one son, Ralph E., born October L8, 1884, in Cedar county, Iowa. They arc members of the United Presbyterian Church, and Mrs. Seifert is a teacher in the Sabbath - school. Mr. Seifert affiliates with the Republican party. lie has served as a member of the School Board ami also a member of the Town- ship Board for live years. • J [IIARl.FS MANLFY.a substantial and progressive young farmer, of Clinton township, Sac county, Iowa, resides on a farm of 200 acres near Early, lie dates his birth in Jones county. Iowa, February 28, 1856. Both his father and grandfather. William Mauley, junior ami senior, were horn in Pennsylvania, descendants of a Quaker family, who were early residents of that State. CRAWFORD, IDA AND 8 AG COUNTIES. 555 His mother, nee Anna King, was born in Morgan county, Ohio, daughter of James King, a native of Pennsylvania. Charles Manley is one of a family of eight children, five sons and three daughters. Their mother died in Jones county, Iowa, in 1881, and the father is still a resident of that place, being now about sixty-five years of age. He is a blacksmith by trade, but since 1865 has been engaged in farming. Politically, he is a Re- publican; religiously, a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, of which he is a Trustee. The subject of our sketch was reared on his father's farm in Jones county and was edu- cated in the district schools of that place. In 1877 he went to Story county, Iowa, and settled near Ames, where he remained four years, and from there, in 1881, came to his present location. Here he at first purchased eighty acres of wild land, to which he devoted his time and attention in im- proving it, and to which he has since added other land, being now the owner of 200 acres, all under a good state of cultivation. He has a comfortable cottage home, 18x26 feet, a story and a half; barn, 48x56 feet; good fences and a three-acre grove of catalpas and maples. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. When he was twenty years old Mr. Man- ley was married at Anamosa, Iowa, to Susie Miller, a native of Linn county, Iowa, and a daughter of Joseph and Rebecca (Graul) Mil- ler. She was, however, reared in Jones county. Her mother died in that county, in 1876, and her father still resides there. Mr. and Mrs. Mauley have two children: Edna L., born November 29, 1880; and Earl G., born March 17, 1886. Mr. Manley affiliates with the Republican party. He has served the public as Justice of the Peace two years and lias also been a member of the School Board. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Chuch, of which he is a Trustee and Class- leader. Mrs. Manley is a teacher in the Sabbath-school. -4^ in Lancashire, England, son of Christopher and ALTER PARKINSON, a farmer of j Wall Lake township, Sac county, was born April 29, 1846, a Sarah (Seddon) Parkinson, also natives of that place. The mother died in Edenfield, Pennsylvania, August 27, 1861, leaving four children: Walter, our subject; Lizzie Hag- gerty, of Philadelphia; and Hannah and Pris- cilla, deceased. The father now resides in the above mentioned city. He is a weaver by occupation, a Republican in his political views, and is a member of the church. Walter Parkinson, the subject of this sketch, moved with his parents to Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania, at the age of eight years, where he received his education in the public schools, and learned the trade of ship-carpen- ter in Chester, and he followed that calling there. In 1868 he came with his father to Sac county, Iowa, locating on his present farm in Wall Lake township, but in 1873 re- turned to Chester, Pennsylvania, and engaged at his trade in the employ of John Roach^ the well-known Government contractor. He worked on the prominent ships, City of Pekin and City of Tokio. Mr. Parkinson returned to Sac county, Iowa, in 1882, where he now owns seventy-six acres of well improved land, a good one and a half story house, 16 x 24 feet, located on the eastern side of Wall Lake. His barn 28 x 32 feet, has a rock foundation. In addition to his other inter- 556 BIOGRAPHICAL BI8T0RY OF eats, he is also engaged in also engaged in dairy farming, milking twenty cows. Politi- cally, he is identified with the Republican party, and is a mern'ber of the School Hoard. In L870 Mr. Parkinson was united in mar riage with Alary Jane Fletcher, a daughter of Richard and Sarah (Brown) Fletcher, the former born near London, and the latter at Birmingham, England. The father died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1891, and the mother afterward removed to Lake View, Sac county, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Parkinson have had eleven children, viz.: Lizzie, wifeof W. Fleming, of Wall Lake township; Ger- trude, Sadie, Hazel ; ( ieorge, who was drowned in Wall Lake, at the age id' eight years; Walter, Elmer, Lilly, Emma, Chester A., and Clarence are also deceased. Mr. Parkin- sun is one of the pioneer and leading citizens of Wall Lake township, and has always identi- fied himself with every movement for the good of the county, and is one of the honored and respected men in his locality. . A Vii) K I N G, one of the Trustees of Cedar township. Sac county, Iowa, is one of the prominent and leading citi- zens of the place. He located in the town- ship in 1881, coming to Sac county from Boone county, Iowa, where he had resided two years. Mr. King was horn in Scotland, near Glasgow, December 19, 1850, a son of Hugh and Tsabelle (Brownleo) King, both natives of Scotland. When our subject was three years of age the family removed to the I'nited States, and located in Jersey City, New Jer>ey, where they remained two years, then removed to La Salle county, Illinois, lo- cating near Ottawa. The father was u miller and wheelwright by trade, and pursued his calling during life. in politics he was a Republican, and in religion a Presbyterian. lie died in Benton county, Indiana, while his wife is still living, a resident of the same county ami State. Six children were reared by them, four of whom are living. From the time our subject was five years of iige, 1855, he was reared in La Salle county, Illinois, where he received a cominon- school education. When sixteen years of age iie went to Benton county, Indiana, with his parents. Upon coming to Sac county, in 1881, lie purchased 160 acres of land on sec- tion 17, Cedar township, which he proceeded to improve and add to until he owned 340 acres, all well improved. This he sold in 1891 to C. Ilenthorn, of Woodford county, Illinois, and bought 820 acres of well im- proved land in the same township the follow- ing fall. His residence is a comfortable, two-story one, with dimensions of It! x 24 feet, and an L, 2G x 24 feet, one story in height. His substantial barn has dimensions of 82 \ 21 feet. On thi.*. tine farm Mr. King carries on general farming and stock-feeding. The marriage of our subject occurred No- vember, 1872, in Benton county, Indiana, with Miss Jane Langley, horn in Madison county, Indiana, near Anderson, where she was reared and educated. She is a daughter of Milton and Margaret (Uollingsworth) Langley, natives of Pennsylvania and Indi- ana. The latter was reared in her native State. Both parents reside in Indiana, where the father pursues his vocations of painting and farming. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in religion. Seven children were horn in the family of which Mrs. King is a member, four sons and three daughters. Mr. and Mrs. King have had three children born to them, namely: William, Margaret CHAW FORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 557 ami Hugh. Mr. King takes an active inter- est in politics, using all his influence and casting his vote for the nominees of the Re- publican party. He was elected to the office of Township Trustee in 1889, and was re- elected to the same office. In addition he served as a member of the School Board. Mr. King is a progressive, wide-awake man who has the interest of the township at heart, and is always ready to lend a helping hand to whatever promises to be of service to the com- munity. fW. SARGENT, proprietor of the pio- neer mercantile store of Schaller, Iowa ( was born in Felicity, Clermont county, Ohio, June 24, 1851, a son of "William R. Sargent, a native of the same place. The latter's father was one of the first settlers of that county, and was a member of an old English family. The mother of our sub- ject, nee Mary Wells, was also born in Clermont county, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Sar- gent were the parents of seven children, and one son, E. M., was a soldier in the civil war in the Fifty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and he now resides at Grundy Centre, Iowa. J. W. Sargent, the subject of this sketch, received a good education in Clermont county, Ohio. At the age of fifteen years he entered a general store in his native town, and six years later, in company with his brothers, E. M. and W. C, he engaged in business for himself. Three years afterward the broth- ers came to Grundy Centre, Iowa, where they were engaged in trade for five years. In 1881 our subject sold his interest to his brothers, and the following year came to Schaller, Sac county, entering the firm of J. L. Watson & Co. In September, 1886, he purchased his partner's interest, since which time he has successfully carried on the business alone. Mr. Sargent's first business house (the first building in Schaller) was a frame building, 16 x 21 feet, but as the town increased in size he was obliged to enter a larger store, which was 25x60 feet. This, also, not proving large enough, in 1891 he moved into the Schaller Bank Block, where he has the finest storerooms in the city, 25 x 82 feet, with an L, 25 x 25 feet. He carries a complete stock of dry goods, carpets, boots, shoes, etc. Mr. Sargent was married in Sac City, Iowa, January 2, 1884, to Mrs. Bettie E. Aldrich, nee Brown, and to this union has been born two children: W. Royce and Gladys E. Mr. Sargent has a beautiful home in the finest residence part of the town, is one of the best business men of Schaller, and one of its most popular and prominent citizens. Socially, he is a member of the A. O. U. "W., and religiously, his wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church. -$> EORGE WENZEL, one of the well- known, enterprising and solid farmers of Battle township, Ida county, Iowa, residing on a farm of 160 acres in section 35, has been a resident of this township since 1881. Mr. Wenzel was born near Dundee, Kane county, Illinois, July 26, 1853, son of Will- iam and Henrietta (Kanck) Wenzel. His parents werp born in Germany, his father in Hesse, and his mother in Hanover, and they were reared and educated in their native country. Soon after they emigrated to America and located in Illinois. In 1857 they moved to Jackson county, Iowa, and BIOGRAPHICAL H18T0R7 OF on a farm in that county George was reared, remaining there until 1S81, when be came to [da county. Here he owns a fine well improved farm. His comfortable cottage home is 1(5x24 feet, a story and a half, with a one-story L, 14x28 feet, and his barn, sta- ble, sheds, feed lots, etc., are all nicely ar- ranged and well kept. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising and makes a specialty of operating threshers, both steam and horse power. He is one of the must popular and best-known men engaged in threshing in Ida county, he having been in the business ten years. He has a twelve horse-power engine, a 54-inch separator and a 36-inch cylinder, and with this one machine, in the season of 1892, he earned over $1,500. Mr. Wenzel was married at the acre of twenty, in Jackson county, Iowa, to Mag- gie Bolte, who was born in Germany and reared in Jackson county. They have four children: Albert. Henry, Louisa and George. Politically, he affiliates with the Republi- can party. -*Ofr-.fr»-. • 3 f l £ * V-+*. IILLIAM COOK, one of the early settlers of Crawford county, Iowa, was born in Middlesex. Canada, Jan- uary 12, 1843. He is the 6on of William and Sarah Cook, natives of England, born near Manchester and London, respectively. The father died in Canada when our sub- ject was an infant, and the mother is still living in the country of her adoption, aged seventy-four years. William Cook, our subject, was reared to farm life in Canada, and when he was twenty two he came to Minnesota and remained for two years, engaged in farming. From there he went to Wisconsin, and worked in a saw- mill for three years. He then went to l'ierce county, bought a farm and worked it for four years, when, November 4, 1873, he came to Dunlap, Iowa, and March 22, 1874, came to Dow City, Crawford county, Iowa, where he engaged in general merchandise business for three years, when he bought a farm and op- erated it for three years more, then Bold it, and removed to Danbury, Woodbury county, Iowa, where he engaged in the hardware busi- ness for two years, after which he removed to Battle Creek and engaged in the butcher business for two years, when, March 22, 1886, he returned to Dow City and entered into the fruit business, and opened a restaurant, which he has conducted ever since, with the excep- tion of a short period. He is one of the stanch Republicans of the county, has served as Marshal of Dow City two years, and in the Council at Danbury. He is a member of M. W. of A., No. 1189. He was married December 30, 1863, to Miss Jane Saywell, a native of Canada, who died September 10, 1S74, at the age of thirty-nine. They had live children, two of whom are still living: Charles, a resident of Danbury, Iowa; and Herman, at the same place. Mr. Cook was married the second time, in 1875, to Clara Wood, a native of Illinois, and they are the parents of the fol- lowing children : Sarah S.. Edith, Lula and William. Mr. Cook is one of the enterprising busi- ness men of this section, and he and his charming wife are highly respected by all who have the pleasure of their acquaintance. — -g-^^HH- — AVID CORRELL, one of the promi- nent and well-known citizens of Sac county, was born in Wayne county, Ohio, April li, 1S53, a son of Jacob Corroll, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 559 a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. His father was a native also of Pennsylvania, and of Dutch ancestry. The mother of our subject, nee Catherine Floyd, was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, and of Irish and German ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. Correll were the parents of nine children, six now living: Daniel, who served in the Twenty-sixth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, was wounded at Arkansas Post, and lost his right arm; he now resides in Marion, this State; Samuel, a member of the Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry, served three years, suffered the loss of a finger, and now resides at Labette, Kansas; Abraham, of Clinton county, Iowa; Levi, of Labette, Kansas; Maria, of Clinton county; and David, our subject. The father died in 1892, aged seventy-eight years. He was a farmer by occupation; po- litically, a Republican; and religiously, a Dunkard. The mother now resides in Clin- ton county, Iowa. David Correll remained on the old home- stead until 1881, when he came to Clinton township, Sac county, Iowa. He has cleared and improved 320 acres of land. His dwell- ing, 16 x 28 feet, with three additions, is built in the modern style of architecture, and has all other necessary farm improvements and conveniences. Mr. Correll is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. In Clinton coanty, Iowa, in 1880, he was united in marriage with Miss Laura Daven- port, a native of Indiana, educated at Mt. Vernon, and was a successful teacher before marriage. Her parents were C. L. and Mary (Parnell) Davenport. Her father was a na- tive of Sandusky county, Ohio, and now re- sides in Odebolt, Iowa. The mother was born in Westmoreland county, England, and died in 1888, aged fifty- five years. Mr. and Mrs. Davenport had five children, four now living: Laura, Albert, and Lincoln residing near Odebolt; and Jessie, living in Odebolt. Mr. and Mrs Correll have two children: Esther M ry and Zula Floyd. Mrs. Correll is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject takes an active inter- est in the Republican party. He is a young man in the prime of life, but is prominent and active in every thing for the good of his county. f^AMES H. FAIR, who resides in Silver Creek township, section 32, is one of the well-known and successful farmers of this part of Ida county. Following is a brief sketch of his life: James H. Fair was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, in 1853, sou of Thomas and Mary Ann Fair, natives of Ireland, and descendants of Scotch ancestry. He received his early edu- cation in the common and national schools of Ireland, and at the age of twenty came to America. Upon his arrival here he settled in Delaware county, Iowa. This was in 1873. In 1877 Mr. Fair was united in marriao-e o to Miss Lindsay, a native of Ireland, who came to America that same year. Her par- ents, James and Sarah (Irwin) Lindsay, re- mained in Ireland, and her mother died in 1891. Her father is still living there. The year following their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Fair came to Ida county. For three years they lived in section 18, of Silver Creek town- ship, and at the end of that time moved to section 32, where they opened up a farm. This part of the county was then a wild stretch of prairie, without a tree or fence, and wolves and deer abounded in great numbers upon it. To his original 160 acres Mr. Fair has since added until he is now the owner of 293 acres, JiJOUli'.irillcil. SISTOBT OF all under cultivation and well-fenced and im- proved. His story and a half residence, L6 x 24 feet, with an L, 16x16 Eeet; hie barn, 24 \ 10 feet, with 14-foot posts; and ither outbuildings, orchard and grove, are all situated on an eminence, and command a magnificent view of the surrounding coun- try. Mr. and Mrs. Fair have the following children: Thomas, Edward, Sarah Ann, Li Hie Jane, Margaret Maud, James Graham, Will- iam Andrew and Martha Theresse. Mr. Fair takes an active part in politics, affiliating with the Republican party, lie is a justice of Silver Creek township, and has held other offices, such as school director, etc. lie is a member of the Farmers' Alliance Industrial Union, being Secretary of the county and also of the local organization. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Church. Mr. Fair may be termed a Belf-made man. ■^SlD/lr -,<—q/Wr^ ?OSEPH CUE, a successful farmer of Crawford county, was born in Wiltshire, England, in dune, 1834, a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Pope) Cue, natives also of the same place, and of English and Welsh extraction. The parents reared a family of eight children, five sons and three daughters, and both remained in their native place until death. Joseph Cue, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Wiltshire, England, and served his time as an apprentice in a mercantile fetore. At the aire of eighteen years he left home and friends for the United States, sailing from Liverpool to New York on the Topscotl & Cole line, and thirty days A.ic spent at sea. After landing at New York, our subject went to Chicago, via the Michigan Central railroad; then spent three years at farm work in Win id ford county, same State; one year in Vermilion county, Illi- nois; assisted in making Kansas a State, and while there met John Brown and Colonel Jim Lane. He was Located near Lawrence, Kansas, and witnessed many stormy political times. In 1857 Mr. Cue returned to Wood- ford county, Illinois, where he remained until the war, enlisting in February, 1 S I i 'J , in the Sixty-fifth Illinois Infantry, Company C, and remained until in July, 1865. He partic- ipated in the Shenandoah Valley campaign; was at Harper's Ferry, Virginia; was one of the men surrendered by Colonel Wilds; then in the Burnside campaign, and at Nashville was a member of the Twenty- third Army Corps. With the Fourth Army Corps they were put against General Hood's forces, and, later, against A. J. Smith's com- mand. Mr. Cue was at Fort Fisher; marched to Golds boro, North Carolina, to confront General Johnston's troops, and was honorably discharged at Chicago, in July, 1865. After the (dose of hostilities he remained in Wood- ford county, Illinois, until 1871, when he came to Willow township, Crawford county, and was among the first settlers in this lo- cality. He now owns a fine farm of 320 acres, well watered and improved, has a good dwelling, and all other necessary improve- ments. Our subject was married in Illinois, in 1864, to Susan Arrowsmith, who was born near Syracuse] On laga county, New York, ■i daughter of Thomas and Ann ^Hall) A.rrow- Mnith, natives of England. The mother died June 1, 18S(3, in her seventy-eighth year, and the father in November, 1880, aged seventy- three years. They were members of the Methodist Church, and were the parent- of Beven children, six daughters and one son. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 561 Mr. and Mrs. Cue have five children, viz : Alfred M., who own6 a farm of 100 acres in Willow township, this county; Marion A., Augusta, Elizabeth and Ralph J. They lost four children by death: Arthur, the fifth, child, died at the age of eighteen months; Eliza, the third child, at the age of ten years; Frank E., the eldest, in his fifteenth year; and Oscar, the sixth child, at the age of five years. Three died of diphtheria. Mr. Cue is a Republican in his political views, and lias held the offices of Clerk, Constable, and Justice of the Peace for many years. So- cially, he is a member of Shield's Post, of Dunlap, and is one of the honorable and progressive men of his county. ilCHARD JOHNSTON, one of the early settlers of Goodrich township, was born in Randolph county, Illinois, October 4, 1833. He was the son of John and Jane (Murphy) Johnston. The father was a native of Scotland, and came to Amer- ica when but a young man, and engaged in farming. He died in Denver, Colorado, in 1855. The mother of our subject was born in Illinois, and died in Carroll county, in that State. They had four children: John, de- ceased; our subject; Isabella, deceased; and William, who resides in the West. Our subject was reared in Carroll county, Illinois, and was brought up to farm life and received his education in the log schoolhouse, going five miles to school. When he had reached the age of nineteen he decided to go into business for himself, and then purchased a farm and remained on it for ten years. He came to Crawford county, Iowa, June 8, 1869, and that same fall he purchased a tract of 200 acres in what now is Goodrich town ship. Almost all of the land there was wild, but some thirty acres of his purchase was broken, and he had a small house. Here he decided should be his home, and he went to work with a will, improving, and it took him six years to get all of his land fenced. He then sold it, and for two years he rented land after which he went to Buck Grove for a short time, and rented a farm there. His house at this place was destroyed by fire, March 12, 1880, and every thing was lost but the night clothing. Most terrible of all was the loss of two dear little children in the flames, Elizabeth, aged eight years, and Emma, six. After this heart-breaking ex- perience the family returned to Goodrich township, and there rented land for two years, and then, in 1881, Mr. Johnston purchased the farm where he now resides. This place consists of 160 acres on section 27 in Good- rich township, and it was also only wild land at that time. On this place Mr. Johnston has made many improvements. He has laid out an orchard of 100 trees, and has put out 200 vines in his vineyard, and has made all the necessary fencing, etc. He has erected a tine residence, 16 x 26, with a kitchen, 16 x 18, and also a barn, 22 x 32, all of which are in modern style of finish. Mr. Johnston, after many trials and disappointments, has entered upon a season of deserved prosperity, and carries on a general farming, and also does some stock-raising. He has here some twenty acres of grove also. Politically, our subject is a stanch sup- porter of the People's ticket. He has held the office of Township Trustee for the past fourteen years, and was the first one ap- pointed in Goodrich township. He also was Road Supervisor. The marriage of our subject took place in 1856, when he espoused Elizabeth Herner, BIOGRAPHICAL EIBTOBT OF the daughter of George Eerner, a native of Canada. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston have had twelve children, and ten of them are Btill living: Henry, the oldest, born in Illinois in 1858, lived in Crawford county until 1885, when he went to Garfield county, Nebraska, he married Miss Lillie M. Mately, of Bur- well. Garfield county, Nebraska, in 1887, and returned to this county in 18'.t0, where they iiiiw make their home; Sarah is the wife of Charles Schroeder, of Crawford county; Allen married Miss Annie Crawford, of Deni- son, resides in Goodrich township, near his father's home; Mary is the wife of William G. Mullinger, of Crawford county; she was a school teacher prior to her marriage, and Buffered the hardships of frontier life, wading in the Bnow and facing the blizzard going to and from her school, of ten having two miles to walk, yet bravely and willingly striving to do her duty; Ida May, the next daughter, was wedded to Edgar Brofirdon, an industrious farmer of Goodrich township; William W. spent his youthful days at home, then going to find a home in Nebraska, lie found himself a helpmeet in the person of Miss Ada Cole, of Brewster, Nebraska; they then came to Crawford county, to make it their home; Richard M., the first child born to Mr. and Mrs. Johnston after coming to Crawford county, being of a roaming nature, at one 'iin. left his paternal roof to seek his for- tune in Texas; the climate not being agree- able to his health, he returned home a sick but a wiser boy. He was married to Miss Helen Lenson, of Otter Creek, Crawford county, Iowa, a school teacher prior to her marriage 6he taught in the neighborh 1 of ber home for eight years, and many a youth ami maid will look back with pleasure, thinking of the days when Miss Benson was at the helm in the schoolhonse; Olive Ella is at present a schoolma'am, enjoying modern conveniences of the present style and type; Clara and George are at home, to comfort and care for their parents. Mr. Johnson had a varied life. In his boy- hood days in Illinois he underwent many privations incident to pioneer life, as his father was an early settler in Carroll county. As an instance of the inconvenience to which they were often reduced, he mentions that if the tire went out, it was necessary to go a dis- tance of from one to two miles to get a coal with which to rekindle it. lie has suffered losses hut he has overcome them. The disas- ter in which he lost his children can never be repaired, but time has softened his affliction. 11. SOWERS, a resident of Galva, a town situated on the Northwestern i° railroad, in the northeastern portion of Ida county, is the proprietor of the leading hotel, the Commercial. Mr. Sowers was born in Adams county. Pennsylvania, in 1858, son of John and Maria (Haines) Sowers, natives of Pennsyl- vania, but whose ancestors on the father's side can be traced to Germany, while those of the mother to England. These parents are still living upon a farm in Adams county, Pennsylvania. Our subject's early education and training were received in Pennsylvania. His occupa- tion was that of a farmer. In 187!* Mr. Sowers was married to Miss Mattie Lease, also a native of Adams county, Pennsylvania, daughter of John E. and Manda (Myers) Lease, natives of Pennsylvania, but whose ancestors can be traced back to England and Germany, respectively. Grandfather Lease was an old Revolutionary soldier. Mrs. Sow- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 503 ers, the accomplished wife of our subject, lost her father in May, 1891; her mother is still living in Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Sowers emigrated to Ida county, Iowa, in 1889, and, settling on a farm near Holstein, followed the occupation of farmers until Oc- tober, 1892, when Mr. Sowers purchased the Commercial House at Galva, in order to en- gage in general hotel business. Mr. and Mrs. Sowers have had three chil- dren, one of whom is dead; of the remaining two, Florence is the elder and Earl the younger. In politics Mr. Sowers is a Demo- crat, always voting for the best interests of the party. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, holding membership in Holstein Lodge, No. 471, having taken the three necessary degrees. Mr. Sowers is a young man of great energy, in the prime of life and well calculated to succeed in the business he has lately chosen. Mrs. Sowers is a charming hostess, and combines, in the highest degree, those qualities indispensable to the discharge of the onerous duties of a landlady. (HARLES BOOTS, Township Trustee of Delaware township, Sac county, was born near Sycamore, De Kalb county, Illinois, January 28, 1859, a son of Thomas and Mary (Henry) Boots. The father was born in Chenango county, New York, in 1836, and his father, Henry Boots, was a na- tive of England. The Boots family moved to Illinois in 1843, where they were among the early pioneers of De Kalb county. The mother of our subject was born near Elgin, Kane county, Illinois. When our subject was six years of age his parents located in Linn county, Iowa, later at Springville, near Anamosa, Jones county, and in 1881 in Buena Vista county. They reared a family of six children, five sons and one daughter. Charles Boots, our subject, was reared on a farm in Linn county, Iowa, and educated in the schools of Anamosa. In 1883 he located in Buena Vista county, this State, and in 1887 purchased his present farm of 240 acres in Sac county, which is now well improved. His residence is 16 x 22 feet, with an addition 12 x 22 feet, well furnished and surrounded by a beautiful lawn. His barn is 32x48, 18-foot post, and another one is 30 x 40 feet, 16-foot post, with 20-foot shed. This is used for grain and cribs, with hay overhead. He has a fine grove, an orchard of five acres, a large dairy, and everything necessary for a well-regulated farm. Mr. Boots was married February 17, 1886, to Louisa M. Wadsley, who was born, reared and educated in Rockville, Delaware county, Iowa, a daughter of John and Ruth (Boulling) Wadsley, natives of Somersetshire, England. The parents located in Simcoe, Canada, when young, were there married September 7, 1852, and in 1854 located in Delaware county, Iowa, where they were among the pioneer settlers. The father died there February 8, 1882, leaving a widow and five children, four sons aud one daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Boots liave two children: Daisy Maud, born Jan- uary 19, 1889; and Arthur Joseph, May 27, 1891. Mr. Boots votes with the Republican party, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Bethel. |OAH WILLIAMS, one of the represent, ative citizens and early settlers of Ida county, Iowa, came to Ida Grove in 1876 and engaged in business, opening the first bank in the county, known as the Ida 66 1 BIOOR IPH1CAL EIBTOBT OF County Bank. This was in the oW town .in the north Bide and was a private concern. In 1878 lie erected a hank bnilding in the new addition, and moved his business to the present town. Under hie judicious manage- ment the enterprise proved a successful one and lie transacted a vast amount of business, requiring three efficient assistants. Sere he continued banking until the fall of 1888. He was also interested in a real-estate and loan business. He lias handled a large amount of Ida county's land, and is now the owner of about 7. 000 acres. He also owns 1,000 acres of land in Black Hawk county, this State. Since he disposed of his bank- ing interests he lias devoted liis atten- tion entirely to real estate, long-time loans and stock-raising. He has, indeed, been one of the most active business men of Ida Grove. Mr. Williams was born in Highland county, Ohio, in the year 1840, and is a son of James and Sarah (Wolf) Williams, of Welsh and English descent, lie was reared and edu- cated in his native county, and taught school for several years in Ohio and Illinois. He also handled grain for a time. Soon, how- ever, he began to invest his money in bonds and securities, and in 1875 came to Iowa with a view of entering into the banking business at Jefferson, but changed his mind and came on west to this part of the State. lie spent about eight years in Illinois. Politically, Mr. Williams is a Republican. During the war he was a member of Com- pany II. Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. under Colonel William II. Trimble, and served for a short time only. lie is prom- inent in Masonic circles, being a member of Kane Lodge, No. o77. and having taken all the degrees up to the thirty-second. IK' is deeply interested in educational matters and Bince 1888 has been one of the trustee- of Cornell College. Mr. Williams is eminently a self-made man. And while he has been busy in accumulating a competency, he has been generous in contributing toward all Worthy enterprises of public good. He and his wife are worthy members of the Method- ist Episcopal Church. Mr. Williams was married near Waterloo, Iowa, in 1883, to Miss KoiiKa J. Cottrell, a native of Troy, New York, and a daughter of Amasa and Rebecca J. Cottrell. They have one child, Noah, Jr., born in 1SS5. KEXAXDER ANDERSON, a prom- inent farmer and stock raiser livine- on section 26, Silver Creek township, was born in county Donegal, Ireland, in l^o^, son of Alexander and Mary ( Henderson) An- derson, natives of Ireland, and whose ances- tors can be traced back to the Scots. His parents remained in the old country, the fa- ther dying in 1863, and the mother March 20, 1873. Our subject received his early education in the common schools of Ireland. At the age of twenty-three he wended his way to America, leaving the land of his nativity and the friends there to battle with the world of strangers. Mr. Anderson landed in New York in 1881 and proceeded to Sac county, Lowa, in the same year, but afterward settle,! in Ida county, where he operated a farm of Kill acre-, improving and fencing the same. He now has one of the best farms in this county, it is well watered with natural springs and a branch of the Elk tlows through a por- tion of it. The residence and barn are sur- sounded by a beautiful grove of about two acres and an orchard of one and one-half acres. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 565 Our subject was married September 11, 1884, to Miss Agnes Kerr, of Sac county, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Elleson) Kerr, natives of Ireland, where the father still re- sides, the mother having died when her daughter was but a small child. Mrs. An- derson is a descendant of the worthy chiefs of Scotland, in which country she spent part of her early life. At the age of eighteen she bade adieu to her family and numerous friends and left her native heath (Ireland) and made her way to this country to battle with the world of strangers. She landed in Quebec, Canada, and immediately proceeded to Odebolt, Sac county, Iowa, where she ar- rived in safety. To this worthy couple have been born three children: William A., born June 27, 1885; Mary A., born July 5, 1886; Effie Z., born July 17, 1891. Mr. Anderson and wife are active members of the Presbyterian Church. On this fine farm, before mentioned, Mr. Anderson carries light grade of stock and is in every respect an ideal farmer. Mr. An- derson is the first to establish the family name in this country. By his industry and integrity he has become successfully, finan- cially and gathered about him a host of friends. He is held in high esteem by all who know him. JARL F. KITE II N LE.— Intellectual merit, moral worth and legal acumen are elements unconfined to any favored locality, being like the free air of heaven and the effulgent rays of the sun, shedding warmth and happiness on the entire world. America might with justice be singled out for distinction in this respect on account of her fostering advantages of freedom and ed 41 ucation, and among her Sisterhood of States, none might more justly wear the crown than Iowa, which, although one of the youngest, has proudly taken her stand in the foremost ranks of the nation. She nurtures on her ample bosom many beautiful cities, but one of which, Denison, now claims attention as being the home of the subject of this sketch, who came to her unknown, but who, by force of energy and indomitable will, has achieved success and prominence. Carl F. Kuehnle, a bright intellect of the Crawford county bar, an enterprising busi- ness man and progressive citizen, was born in Dubuque, Iowa, April 7, 1861. His par- ents, Charles F. and Mary (Von Eschen) Kuehnle, now reside in Waterloo, Iowa, whither they removed in 1870, and where the subject of this sketch attended the public schools and graduated at the high school. In 1877, when but a little past sixteen years old, he entered the State University of Iowa, and from the first took high rank in his studies. In 1881 he graduated from the collegiate de- partment and from the law department in 1882, receiving the degrees of Ph. B., A M. and LL. B. It was while at college that his oratorical powers were developed, and he became a leader in all matters requiring dis- cussion. In the summer of 1882 became to Denison to prac ice his profession, and at once estab- lished a reputation for capability in handling all cases requiring the intervention of the law. He was at first employed by the law firm of Conner & Shaw, but on the dissolution of that firm and the retirement of Mr. Conner, who was called to the bench, Mr. Kuehnle became a member of the firm of Shaw & Kuehnle, and has proved himself a master of his profession by his manner of handling his portion of the large volume of business which 506 nioallM'llIVAL HISTOID 1 OF the firm enjoys. This is the leading Law firm of the county, appearing for one of the par- ties in nearly every contested case. They have established a branch law and loan office in Charter Oak, lowa, under the manage tnent of P. 1>. McMalion. Mr. Kuehnle is one oftlic deepest thinkers and most brilliant (iraturs in the State, having but few equals as ;m extemporaneous speaker. He is an ex- cellent financier, as his phenomenal success since coming to Denison will testify, for he had nothing but his education and willing- ness to work at the time of his advent to this city, and lie now possesses a comfortable com- petence. January 1. L890, the Bank of Denison was organized by L. M. Shaw and 0. F. Kuehnle, with Mr. Shaw as president, and Mr. Kuehnle as \ ice-president, with a capital of $35,000. This institution does a general hanking busi- ness, both foreign and domestic exchange, and also a large real-estate loan business. Mr. Kuehnle is one of the proprietors and vice- president of the Bank of Manilla, of Manilla, lowa. which was established in 1887, with a capital of |25,00 >. In the conduct of these important affairs, Mr. Kuehnle has exhibited superior financial and executive ability. Mr. Kuehnle is a leading stockholder and one of the directors of the Denison Normal School Association. In dune, 1892, he was elected president of the Alumni Association of the State University. On October 10, 1889, Mr. Kuehnle was married to Miss Lillic M. I.aub. daughter of II. ('. Laub, one of the oldest and most re- spected citizens of Denison. and they have a beautiful home, provided with all the com- forts which liberal means can supply or re- lined taste Bllggest. To complete their hap pinesB, a charming daughter, LydialBelle, was bom to t lit-ni August 13, 1892. Politically, Mr. Kuehnle advocates the principles of the Republican party, and is eminently progressive and takes an active in- terest in the politics of his city, county and State, having been President of the Denison Republican Club, and Chairman of the Re- publican County Central Committee for sev- eral years, lie was a delegate to the Nat- ional Republican League Convention at Cin- cinnati, Ohio, and at Xashville, Tennessee. He is pre-eminently a patriot, and being an orator of acknowledged ability, is frequently called upon to address his fellow-citizens. His orations on July 4, 1890, and on Colnm bian Day, 1S'.I2, were pronounced of the highest order, both for subject-matter and manner of delivery. Both addresses were published in the Denison papers, and there was a large demand for extra copies. Fraternally, Mr. Kuehnle is a very promi- nent and active member of the Knights of Pythias, Dowdall Lodge, No. 90, and his friends in that order have decided to put for- ward his name as a candidate tor the office of Grand Chancellor of Iowaat the coming Orand l.odee session, to be held at Muscatine, lowa, in August, 1893. He is very popular with the leading knights of the State, and bis chances are very flattering. He is a member of the A. F. cc A. M.. Sylvan Lodge, No. 507; belongs to the Ark Chapter, No. 89, Mt. Zion Commandry, No. 49; and is a Shriner of Tangier, Temple of Omaha. Mr. Kuehnle is one of the men of whom Denison and the entire State are proud, and there is nodoubt but inthe future his powerful voice will be heard in the halls of Congress. {EORGE M. RIDDLE, attorney-at law, - located in [da Orove, Iowa, ha- been a resident of this city since September, 1N84. He is engaged in the practice of his CRAWFORD, IDA AMD SAC COUNTIES. 567 profession and in the real-estare business, and is also a writer of insurance, and agent for the following insurance companies: The Con- necticut Mutual Life Insurance, of Hartford, Connecticut, in the loan department; the Continental, of New York; the Ilawkeye, of Des Moines, Iowa; the Burlington, of Bur- lington; the Security, of Davenport, and Rockford, Illinois. Mr. Riddle also makes loans on city and country property, represent- ing several of the soundest concerns of the country. In his real estate deals he generally confines himself to this county, but handles some land in Nebraska. He is one of the active and progressive men of this city, and his practice extends in all the courts. He is a native of Blair county, Pennsylvania, born in Scotch Valley January 3, 1849, son of D. M. and Margaret (Smith) Riddle, of Scotch descent, although removed several degrees. The mother is deceased, but the father is a resident of Ida Grove, where he was a farmer. Seven children resulted from this marriage, as follows: James S. ; William C, a farmer; George M.: Laura L; Joseph D., a farmer; John G., a farmer; and Jesse L., a resident of Ida Grove, engaged in the mercantile busi- ness. Our subject was reared to farm life, edu- cated in the district schools, and at the age of sixteen he engaged for several years in clerk- ing in Pennsylvania, and then went to Vir- ginia, where he was in charge of the Cambria Iron Works' Store, and was Postmaster dur- ing IT. S. Grant's second term. He remained there for six years, when he removed to Phil- adelphia, and engaged in a wholesale house for a time, but in 1877 he removed to De- catur, Illinois, where he remained two years. He then went to Mason City, Illinois, remain- ing there for almost two years, after which he went to Fairfield, Iowa, and in 1884 set- tled in Ida Grove. He read law under F. F. Kiner, and was admitted to the bar in 1884, and has since practiced his profession. Politically, our subject is a Republican, a very active worker in the party ranks, and is Chairman of the County Central Committee. He has held the office of Secretary of the School Board, of Ida Grove, for seven terms; is a member of A. F. & A. M., Kane Lodge, No. 379, of I. O. O. F., of Altoona, Penn- sylvania, Mountain City Lodge, of United Workmen, and of M. W. of A. He was married in Mason City, Illinois, October 14, 1879, to Miss Ida B. Humes, a native of St. Louis, Missouri, and one child, George D., has been born to this union. They are members of the Presbyterian Church, in which they are universally respected. -*HP EK+- W. IRWIN, a prosperous and well- to-do citizen, living near Wall Lake, ® Iowa, was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1858, one of a family of seven sons and three daughters. His parents, W. H. and Mary (Waugh) Irwin, moved with their family to Clinton county, Iowa, when Le was a mere lad, and in that county he was reared on a farm. They still reside in Clinton county. Upon his arrival in Sac county, the subject of our sketch bought wild land in Clinton township, and to his original purchase has added until he is the owner of 240 acres, all of which is rich soil and now under a high state of cultivation. In 1890 he had the misfortune to lose by fire his barn and con- tents, including eight horses, the loss amount- ing to $4,000. He has since rebuilt, the dimensions of his present bam being 44 x74 feet. His residence is a two-story frame, 568 IIIihWM'IIICAL HISTORY OF 22 x 26 feet. A windmill, stock scales, and fine orchard and grove are among hie other improvements. Mr. Irwin was married in Sac county, [owa, in 1882, to Miss Sarah C. Crozer, a native of Cedar county, this State, and a daughter of R. and Hannah (Hauley) Crozer, natives of Ohio, and now residents of Lake View, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Crozer reared a Family of nine children, two daughters and seven sons. Mr. and Mrs. Irwin have five children: Edna May, Jesse Le Roy, George It., Louis E. and Frank. Mr. Irwin is one of the "wheel horses" of the Republican party in his township, and is prominently identified with local affairs here, having served as delegate to conventions, and in other official capacities. Indeed, he takes an active interest in every thing for the good of the community. -w/i/7/. ls~2<~-^l/Ws^~ fAMES W. VOUSLING, one of the en- terprising farmers of Oorwin township, Ida county, Iowa, has been a settler of the place since 1879, and was born at Harris* hurt,', Pennsylvania, March 27, 1858, son of George and Mary (McFadden) Yousling. The latter also came to Ida county in 1879, and have made Oorwin township their home ever since. Our subject was reared and edu- cated in his native State, and at the above mentioned date removed to Iowa, settling in Corwin township. In 1882 he purchased It'll) acres of land, which he has since im- proved and on which he has erected a com fortable residence, 24 x 32 feet. On this farm Mr. Yousling has a fine grove and devotes his land to genera] farmingand stock-raising. Mr. Yousling was married at the age of twenty to Miss Mary Balthaser, a lady born, reared, educated and married in Pennsylvania. a daughter of John and Sarah (Boak) 1 Jul - thaser, natives of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Four children have been born to our subject and his wife, their names being Kdith May, Charles Walter and John Raymond. A little girl of eighteen months, Lulu ( )., was taken away by death. In politics, Mr. Yousling is a third party man and is a stanch member of the Alliance; is progressive and takes a deep interest in whatever is afloat to aid in the development of the township or county. -^nsi/lflr - / rm^- SQUIRE B. DANIELS, a retired farm- er residing in dishing, Iowa, was born in Randolph county, West Vir- ginia, September 5, 1835. Ilis*fatlier. Jacob Daniels, a native of Virginia, and a soldier in the Mexican war, was a son of William Daniels, also a native of the Old Dominion and a descendant of one of the first Virginia families. ( )nr subject's mother, whose maiden name was Nancy Parsons, was born in New Jersey. Her father, Andrew Parsons, was a Revolutionary soldier, and alter his death her mother received a pension for several year.-. Jacob Daniels and his wife had a family of eight children, four sons and four daughters. He has reached the advanced age of ninety eight years, and is still living in Randolph county, Virginia. He is a Methodist, and has been a planter all his life. His wife died in 1865. The subject of our sketch grew up on his father's plantation and received his education in the rude loer schoolhouse near his home. o At the age of twenty-two lie came west to Clinton county, Iowa, when! he was located at the time the war broke out. Ill An o L862. he eidisted in Companj F, Twenty- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 569 sixtli Iowa Infantry, and served for three years, during which time he was in many of the most important engagements of the south- west. He was at Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post (where he received a wound in the hand), Young's Point, Grand Gulf, Jackson (Mississippi), Black River, Vicksburg, in General Sherman's march to the sea, up through the Carolinas, and at the grand re- view in Washington. For meritorious con- duct while in the service he was promoted to First Lieutenant. After his discharge he re- turned to Clinton county, where he was en- gaged in farming until 1880. That year he came to Ida county, settled in Battle town- ship, on wild land, and made his home on it until March, 1892. He improved this prop- erty, a tract of 400 acres, and made it one of the best farms in the township. He built a nice story and a half residence, planted a grove and orchard of six acres, built a barn and made other substantial improvements, and on this property was successfully engaged in farming and stock-raising for eleven years. On coming to dishing he bought property and built a two-story residence, 16 x 28 feet, with an L, 16 x 22 feet, and bay windows. It is nicely fitted and furnished throughout in a manner that at once indicates the culture and refinement of the family. Mr. Daniels was married at the age of twenty-two, in Randolph county, West Vir- ginia, to Sarah Trainer, daughter of Thomas Trainer, a Virginian. They have ten chil- dren, as follows: Mary, wife of S. H. McCarl, of Gushing; Minnie, wife of N. Insko, dish- ing; Daisy Smith, dishing, was before her marriage successfully engaged in teaching; Charles, a merchant and Postmaster, at dish- ing; Frank, who resides on the old farm; Harvey, who is employed as a clerk; Israel, Eddie, Nannie, and Willie. Mr. Daniels is vice-president and one of the directors of the dishing Savings Bank. He is a prominent worker in the ranks of the Republican party, and has acceptably filled the office of Township Trustee and as a mem- ber of the School Board. He is a member of the G. A. R., William Baker Post, Correc- tionville. He and his family are active church and Sunday-school workers, being members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which lie is a Steward and Trustee. In- deed, Mr. Daniels has ever been a foremost man in advancing any good moral enterprise arising in his community. I HE MAPLE VALLEY ERA, a weekly newspaper, Republican in politics, was established in the summer of 1877, by L. Stanfield and C. N. Clark, under the firm name of Stanfield & Clark. They got out the first issue on August 22. From the first the business prospered under the manage- ment of these gentlemen, but on Mr. Stanfield tiring of the work, Mr. Clark became sole proprietor at the end of* the first year, and to him is due the honor of giving the paper a permanent standing in the community. On July 1, 1882, Mr. Clark, on account of other duties demanding all his time, severed his connection by selling to L. II. Fisk, who con- tinued about fifteen months, and sold to J. A. Frink in October, 1883. During the time that the paper was in Mr. Frink's hands was, perhaps, the most stormy season in Ida Grove newspaperdom that any part of Iowa history has to reveal. Scarcely an issue that of either of the two papers here, then, that they did not bitterly attack each other. On August 13, 1885, J. D. Bateinan and J. L. Clark, a son of a former editor, took possession and con- ,,<] BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF tinned Be proprietors until September 1. 1891, when Mi. Bateman desiring to take up an- other work Bold his interesl to Mr. Clark, who, in turn, cm -Inly, 1, L892, sold to the present editor, L. II. Bock. The paper is now in its sixteenth volume, has a large bona- fide circulation and is constantly growing. Ah now issued it is a six-column quarto, alive to the issues of the day editorially, cleanly and interestingly gotten up, with a bright budget of local news and county cor- respondence. HA'IN II. WILLIS, one of the success- ful farmers of Crawford county, was born at Camanche, Clinton county, [owa, November 11, 1861, a son of George Willis, a native of Lincolnshire, England. Bis father, Joseph Willis, was born and reared in that country, and married Dinah Thumlinson. They came to the United States in 1854, locating at Camanche, Iowa. They lost nearly all their property in the tornado of 1860. .Joseph Willis died at Lyons, Iowa, at the age of Beventy-eight years, and his wife died a short time previous to this. George Willis was a young man when he came bo Clinton county, Iowa, where he learned the trade of a plasterer and brick- mason, and was also a good mechanic. He married Martha Allvin, a native of Hull. England, and they had six children: Anna. Alvin II., Mattie, Die, Frank and Joseph. The father died in February, 1886, and his widow now resides at Camanche, Clinton county. Alvin II. Willis assisted his father at the plasterers' trade for a time, was employed in a cigar factory one year, and in 1884 settled on his present farm of 250 aire-, which his father had owned fur many years. tie has a good, i i for table home, all the necessai \ im- provements for a well-regulated farm, and everything about the place shows the thrift and prosperity of the owner. In addition to his farming he is also engaged in Btock-rais- ing. Mr. Willis was married in Clinton county, February 6, 1884, to Miss Mattie Willits, a native of Frederick to wu, Knox county. Ohio, and a daughter of Martin Will- it.-, a contractor of Omaha, Nebraska. The mother of Mrs. Willits died when she was a child. Our subject and wife have two chil- dren: Lula F. and George Martin. Foliti- cally, Mr. Willis is a Democrat, and socially, is a member of the Knight.- of Pythias, No. 179, of Manilla, and his wife is a member of the Sisterhood of that order. SIIOltETT, a farmer of section 31, Blaine township, Ida county, was born 3 in St. Lawrence county. New York, in July, 1832, the eldest son of A. and Amelia (Coffrey) Shorett, natives of Canada and of French origin. The father, a farmer b\ oc- cupation, located in St. Lawrence county, New York', in an early day, and in 1855, in Whiteside county, Illinois, where he followed farming. He remained there until 1891, and in that year settled in Shelby county, Iowa, where he died in February, 1892. Hi- wife departed this life in January, ls7<*. They were the parents of nine children, six now living, as follow.-: A., our subject: Felix, married, and re-ides in Whiteside county, Illinois; Joseph, a firmer of Shelby county. Iowa; Louise, married and resides in the samecouut_\ ; Ame- lia, wife of Charles Pratt, of Whiteside county, Illinois; and Eiattie, now Mrs. Charles Hotter, of Brown county. Nebraska. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 371 A Shorett, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in the district and sub- scription schools of his native county, where he also followed teaming. In 1856 he located in Prophetstown, Whiteside county, Illinois, and in 1881 purchased 154 acres of improved land on section 31, Blaine township, Ida county, Iowa. He has devoted three acres of his place to an orchard and shade trees, has a good substantial barn and dwelling, and everything necessary for a well-regulated farm. Mr. Shorett takes an active interest in politics, voting with the Republican party. In 1857, in St. Lawrence county, New York, our subject was married to Mary Jes- man, a native of that county, and a daughter of John and Rose (Dahong) Jesman, a native of Canada. In an early day the parents lo- cated in St. Lawrence county, New York, where they afterward died. Mr. and Mrs. Shorett have three children: Joseph, mar- ried and resides in Dixon, Illinois; Kate, formerly the wife of Fred Richardson, and the mother of two children, Frankie and Lee; he'died in 1891; and Delbert, at home. Mr. and Mrs. Shorett worship with the Church of God. Our subject is one of the early pioneers of Blaine township, and has witnessed nearly its entire development, having made what he has by his own industry. ||1CAJAII PEYTON, a farmer of Wall Lake township, Sac county, ^S^m^* was born in Lawrence county, Indi- ana, January 23, 1839, a son of Lorenzo D. Peyton, a native of Clarke county, that State. The latter's father, Micajah Peyton, was of German descent. Lorenzo D. Peyton married Sarah Hart, a native of Indiana and a daugh- ter of Absalom and Charlotte Hart. To this union was born ten children, viz.: Mary, Absolom, Micajah, Christiana, Eliza, John, William, Charles and Daniel. The parents now reside in Troy Mills, Linn county, Iowa, the father aged eighty-one years, and the mother about seventy-seven years. The former is a farmer by occupation, was form- erly a Whig and now a Republican, and both are members of the Christian Church. Micajah Peyton, our subject, was reared in Indiana until 18-49, and in that year the family moved to Fayette county, Iowa, in the fall of the same year to Cedar county, near Lisbon, the following year to near Tipton, and next to Linn county, he being then fourteen years of age. In 1861 he enlisted in the late war, in the Fourteenth Iowa Infantry, Com- pany H, served three years and was taken prisoner at the battle of Shiloh. After being confined at Mobile, Catawba and Macon, he was paroled, returned to St. Louis, and joined the regiment at Benton Barracks. Mr. Pey- ton again went to the front in Missouri, next to Weldon Railroad, Mississippi, on the Red River campaign, under A. J. Smith, to Mem- phis, Tennessee, Tupelo, Mississippi, returned to Missouri on the Price raid, and was honor- ably discharged at Davenport, Iowa, in No- vember, 1864. He then resided in Buchanan county, Iowa, until 1876, when he purchased 320 acres of wild land in Wall Lake township, Sac county. He afterward sold eighty acres of this place to his son-in-law, now owning 240 acres under a fine state of cultivation, with a one and a half story residence, 16x24 feet, an L, 12x14 feet, and an addition, 8 x 14 feet. About seven acres of this land is devoted to a grove and orchard. In Buchanan county, Iowa, at the age of nineteen years, our subject was united in mar- riage with Miss Zerelda Hohnan, a native of Lawrence county, Indiana, hut came to this nioanM'iiicM, iiisroiiY of State when a child. She is the daughter of Nathan and Martha (Owens) Hohnan, resi dents of Buchanan county, Iowa. The par- ents bad three sons in the late war: Newton, Stephen (wounded), and Henry. Mr. and Mrs. Peyton had eleven children, namely: Matilda, wife of V. T. Long, of this town- ship; Henry; Martha, wife of Fremont Roark, also of this township; Sarah, Charles Allen, Fred W., William Randolph, Lewis, and three deceased when young. In his po- litical views Mr. Pejton votes with the Re- publican party, and has served as Township Trustee, and as a member of the School Board four years. Socially, he ie a member of Will- iam T. Sherman Tost, No. 284, of Sac City and religiously, is a Deacon in the Christian Church, of which his wife is also a member. Mr. Peyton is one of the prominent men of Wall Lake township, and takes an active in- terest in everything for the good of his county. M. ELWOOD, an eminent jurist of Sac county, Iowa, widely and favora- ;0 lilv known throughout the State, was born in Greensburgh, Pennsylvania, Septem- ber 17, 1S50. His parents were Thomas and .lane (Henry) Elwood, respectively, of Knglish and Irish origin. They removed to Orinnell, Iowa, when the subject of this sketch was four years of age, ami in 1*81 removed thence to Sac City. Mr. Elwood received his primary education in the common schools, afterward attending Iowa College at Orinnell. He subsequently took a course in law at the Iowa State I ni versify, upon the completion of which, in 1^73, he returned to his home, and in 1875 moved to SacCity. Here he commenced the practice of law, which he has successfully followed ever since. He has no specialty, being engaged in a general practice, although he is somewhat inclined toward suits in equity. In 1878 he was married to Miss Sadie .1 . Darling, of Sac City, and they have three children: William, Margaret and Charles. Politically, he is a Republican; socially, is a member of the A. F. & A. M.; and stands deservedly high in his community as a lawyer and citizen. fl\ MOORE, proprietor of a livery and feed stable at Ida Grove, Ida county, a Iowa, does the leading business in his line in the town. He has room to accommo- date seventy head of horses, and carries a stock of horses and vehicles worth S2,000. This business was established by his father, C. W. Moore, in January, 187 ( J. and was con- ducted by him until September, 1^7, since which time the subject of our sketch has had possession. The latter, however, was in busi- ness with his father two years prior to this date. F. P. Moore is a native of Wood county, Ohio, horn April 27, 1850, sou of C. W. and Hannah (Condit) Moore. He spent his youthful dayson a farm in his native county, and when he was sixteen the family came to Iowa. They lived one year in Marshalltown, and from there moved to Belle Plaine, Hen ton county, where they were engaged in farm- ing twelve years. For some live years of this time F. P. Moore ran a dray line. In March, 1879, he went to Cherokee county, where he farmed two years, and from there, in 1881, came to Ida county, locating in Qalva township. After farming two years in that township he Located on a farm two miles CRAWFORD IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 573 south of Ida Grove, and remained there until September, 1887, since which time he has been a resident of Ida Grove. Mr. Moore was married August 18, 1870, to Miss Katie A. Machiner, a native of Penn- sylvania. They have had six children: Her- bert E., Freddie, Charles J., Ella E., Alice V., Nellie C. Two, Freddie and Charles J., are deceased. Politically, Mr. Moore is a Republican. §B. WILLIAMSON.— Prominent among the men who have been instrumental in * the upbuilding of Sac county is J. P. Williamson, who located in the county in 1882, coming from Marshall county, Illinois. He was born in Juniata county, Pennsylva- nia, in 1844, a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Burton) Williamson, natives of Pennsylva- nia. In 1852 they came to lllinos, settling in Putnam county, and later in La Salle county, where the father died in 1878, the mother having died in Putnam county in 1854. By occupation the father was a farmer, Our subject was reared in Putnam and La Salle counties, Illinois, and educated in the schools of the latter county. In October, 1861, he enlisted in the service of his coun- try, at Magnolia, in company A, First Illi- nois Cavalry, for three years. After nine months of service he was discharged on ac- count of sickness at Rolla, Missouri. He again enlisted in February, 1864, in Company H, One hundred and Fourth Illinois Infantry, joining the regiment at Chattanooga, Tennes- see. He was first under tire at Buzzard's Roost, then at Resaca and later at Kenesaw Mountain and Jouesville. He then partici- pated in the battle at Peach Orchard, At- lanta, and went on the famous march to the sea, and through the Carolinas, participating in the battle of Bentonville, North Carolina. They then inarched to Richmond, from there to Washington, and participated in the grand review at Washington, District of Columbia. Mr. Williamson was transferred some time prior to this to the Thirty-fourth Veteran In- fantry, and his regiment was stationed at Louis- ville, Kentucky, for some six weeks before they were discharged, July, 1865, at that city. At the close of the war he returned home and resumed farming. Two years later, in 1867, he went to Marshall county, Illinois, settling near Wenona, where he followed farming until removing to Sac county. On his arrival to this county, in 1882, he engaged in farming and stock-raising, which he con- tinued till September, 1892, when, in partner- ship with J. W. Fleming, he bought the coal and live-stock business of J. W. Dixon, of Auburn, Iowa. When he settled in Sac couty he selected Cedar township as his place of location, purchasing a partly- improved farm of 320 acres, all of which was broken and on which was a frame residence, one and one-half stories in height, with dimensions of 16x22 feet, and an L, 12x16 feet, one story in height. This he repaired and built a good barn, 50x52 feet. Three acres of the farm are devoted to a good grove and orchard, while all of the land is under fence. He has disposed of this property and purchased other land in Calhoun county. Mr. Williamson was married in La Salle county, Illinois, in 1867, to Miss Rachel M. Packingham, a native of La Salle county, Illi- nois, daughter of Benjamin and Sarah Pack- ingham, natives of Pennsylvania. They were pioneers of La Salle county, Illinois, where the father died. The mother still resides there. She and her husband pursued an ag- ricultural life. One of their sons, Allen, 574 r,h»;i:.\rmcM. iustouy OF served i" an Illinois regiment and now re- Bidesiu Marshall county, Illinois. Mrs. Will- iamson died in 1879,in Marshall county, 1 1 1 i — nois, alter bearinhio, who early emigrated to La Salle county, settling near La Salle. The father was a fanner. II is death occurred in 1889, the mother having died in Ohio. To his sec- ond marriage two children have been added, namely: Zerelda and Lotis. Socially, Mr. Williamson is connected with the William T. Sherman Post, Xo. 284. He takes some interest in politics, voting with the Republi- can party. During his residence in Cedar township lie served as Trustee and Secretary of tin* School Board. Since his coming to the State, the country in this portion of Iowa has improved 25 per cent, and many of the im- provements Mr. Williamson has been instru- mental in effecting. Although not at pres- ent a resident of Cellar township, betakes an interest in her welfare, as well as in that of his new home. Auburn. I. GOODENOW— The Bank of Wall Lake was established in 1882 a.- a pri- J vate bank by Mr. Nelson Wright, and in the fall of 1882 Mr. R. L. Goodenow 1 ght an interest in the business, and finally succeeded to the entire business. At this time Mr. Bell was cashier, after which Mr Jackson acted as cashier for >i\ years, and was then succeeded by Neil MeFarlan in lss'.l, who is a thorough master of his business. The bank has a capital of {40,000, and is en- gaged in a genera] banking business, dealing in foreign and domestic exchange. In the fall of 1884 the present owners took charge of the business. In 188o Mr. (Joodenow erected a two story brick building, and devoted a part of it to the banking business, making the upper stories into offices and hall. This is the origi- nal hank of Wall Lake, with R. L. G le- now as president, and is owned by the same. It will he interesting to know more of the proprietor of so flourishing an institution, therefore we give a brief --ketch of Mr. Goodenow: R. L. Goodenow ivas bom in; Queensbury, Warren county, New York, in December. 1S20, and he was the son of Timothy and Betsey (White) Goodenow, natives of Massa- chusetts and Vermont, respectively. They were of English extraction, and the grand- fathers upon both sides were soldiers of the Revolutionary war. and patriotism was taught as one of the cardinal virtues. The parents of our subject died in Jackson county, Iowa, when they were old. They had been early settlers of this State. Mr. Goodenow was reared in his native county, and grew up to farm life, was edu- cated in the public schools, and was a typical son of the Empire State. In February. IS 12, he was married to Miss Marilla Griffin, of New York, who was taken away by death in 1S4)?, leaving one child, Melville, who now is B resident of Valley county. Nebraska, where he is engaged in farming. In 1^15 our sub- ject came to Clinton county. Iowa, where he improved his farm of 1H0 acres, which was a laud-warrant, and upon this he began to CHAW FORD, IDA AND HAG COUNTIES. 575 make a home, which he owns now, and in which he lived for a number of years. The house is of brick, built by himself. Those were pioneer times in Iowa, and our subject passed through many experiences. His sole wealth when he came to this State consisted of |5; and, as he describes those days, he says that he was accustomed to live on knickknacks, that is, when he was so fortunate as to get any supper, that was a knack; and when he did not, that was a knick. Summer brought hard work on the wild farm, and winter hard work in the woods. He remained in Clinton county until he decided, in 1885, to remove to Sac county, and then located in Wall Lake, lie had bought land in this county as early as 1872, and now owns 320 acres in Clinton county, sixty acres in Jackson county of tim- ber land, and 647 in Sac county, besides 160 acres of tine land in Nebraska. The present Mrs. Goodenow was Miss Sarah D. Sherwood, to whom he was united in marriage, January, 1854. She was a na- tive of Ohio, daughter of Lewis and Lackey (Adams) Sherwood, who were old American citizens. Mr. and Mrs. Goodenow have live children, as follows: Charles, a merchant of Wall Lake; Marilla, the wife of D. Phillipps' of Clinton county; Caddie K., at home; Al- bert, in Clinton county; and one child de- ceased. Politically, our subject is a Demo- crat, and is a self-made man, having started from the very bottom. He is now one of the moneyed men of the county, and takes a deep interest in any measure destined to advance the interests of the town or county. When Mr. Goodenow first came to Iowa, he came through with an old span of horses and a wagon, bringing a load of goods for another party, taking from July 4, to July 29, camping by the vvay. He has had a varied experience through life, and by his own efforts and perseverance has succeeded in amassing a handsome competence. He suf- fered in the early days many of the hardships of the times, having been deprived of all the luxuries of life. He voted for the first Gov- ernor of the State, Ansel Briggs, and has been a stanch Democrat, in harness ever since early life until the present time. Peregrine White, the first child born in the Plymouth colony, Massachusetts, was a fore- father of our subject. HOMAS NORTHROP, a farmer and stock-raiser, living on section 30, Sil- ^ ver Creek township, was born in New York, in 1837. He is highly esteemed, be- ing one of the honored and prominent pio- neers of the township. He was the son of Isaac and Lucintha (Cook) Northrop, natives of New York State, but their ancestors were Pennsylvanians. These parents are deceased, the father passing away in 1854 and the mother in 1856. In 1857 Mr. Northrop made a residence in Illinois, but the next year immigrated to Cedar county, Iowa, and after making a tour through the Rocky mountains he settled in Ida county, where he has since lived. The early education and training of Mr. Northrop were received in the common schools of the Keystone State. The record of our subject as a soldier during the late war is a very creditable one, he having remained in the service for three years. He enlisted in 1862 in Company K, Thirty-fifth Iowa Volunteer, from Cedar county, Iowa, was mustered at Muscatine, Iowa, and his first engagement was before Vicksburg. He participated in several skirmishes in Missouri during Price's raid, and also took part in the battles of 570 BIOGRAPHICAL BIBTOBY oh' Nashville, New Orleans, Mobile Bay, and in Alabama; was in many warm engagements, never Buffered captivity nur received a wound, lie was finally mustered out at Davenport, September 18, 1SG5. Onr subject was married in Cedar county, l,.wa. in 1868, to Miss Julia Page, a daugh- ter of Lucius and Franco Page, natives of Ohio and New Jersey, respectively, who B6l tied in Cedar county at an early day, where the father died, and the mother, after living in different portions of Iowa, finally settled in Ida Grove, [owa, where she now resides. To the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Northrop have been born twelve children, ten of whom are stilll living, namely: Dell, married; Mark, Gertrude, Ralph, Lucius, Clarence, Erma, Frances, Clara and an infant. Mr. Northpbr owns 440 acres of well-im- proved land in Silver Creek and Logan town- ships. He has a tine residence, 26 x 30 feet, two stories high, with a brick basement, the same size of the house. The barn is 52 x 52 feet, with 18-foot pests. There are also granar- ies and other outbuildings for the shelter of stock, etc. The residence is situated on an elevated spot, Burrounded by a beautiful grove of about two acres and an orchard of about five acres. There is a very generous supply of small fruits of all kinds. In politics Mr. Northrop is a Republican and supports the principles of his party upon any and all occasions. k ORACE S. HUNTER, a prominent ivm dent of section 5, Douglas township, Sac county, Iowa, is an early settler of the county, and one of her ex-soldiers. He was born in Franklin county, Vermont, July 28, 1834, i ton of Alanson, also born in Ver- mont, where he was the son of Timothy, who was born in New England of some of those who settled there in the earliest times. The mother of our subject had been named Sarah Malory, and was a native of Vermont, bornof an old Vermont family. In 184G, when our subject was a boy of twelve years, the family removed to Huron county, Ohio, and there the father died at the age of thirty-four, and the mother in Benzie county, Michigan. She had been born in 1800, hence was seventy- seven years old at her decease, and in re- ligion a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. At the death of Mr. Hunter there was a family of wife and seven children, five BOns and two daughters, and all live sons testified to their love of country by enlisting in the late war. Our subject enteredthe One Hun- dred and Thirtieth Ohio Infantry; Stephen W., was in the Ninth Illinois Cavalry, and now lives in Henry county, Ohio; Hiram A., the Thirteenth Ohio Infantry. He was cap- tured and spent fourteen terrible months in Anderson villi: and Libby prisons; Orren C. was a member of the Old Ninth Indiana Infan- try, and lives in Michigan; Milo C. was in the One Hundred and Thirtieth Ohio Infan- try, and lives at Lake Charles, Louisiana; Hiram A. lives in Wood county. Ohio. The mother married a second time, becom- ing Mrs. Ephraham Lewis. Our subject's father was a carpenter by trade and also en- gaged in fanning. In politics he was a Whig. In 1845 our subject removed to Por- ter county, Indiana, and was living there at the outbreak of the war, in 1863 moving to Ohio. He enlisted in Company [, One Hun- dred and Thirtieth Ohio Infantry, and was -cut to Johnson's Island to guard rebel pris- oners there and at other points, and was honorably discharged after the war, and settled CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 577 in Wood county, Ohio, but in 1869 he came to Sac county, Iowa. He first rented land, but in 1872 he bought eighty acres of wild land. He has prospered and is now a man of independent means, owning 400 acres of fine land, with all his surroundino-s of houses, barns, lots, sheds, meadows, orchards and lawns, in fine shape. His residence is one of the pleasant ones which attract the trav- eler through the rural districts of the State of Iowa. It is one and one-half stories in height, with dimensions of 16 x 20 feet, with an ad- dition of 20 x 12 feet. His choice orchard and grove contains eight acres. The com- modious barn is 32 x 54 feet, the cattle barn, 32 x 38 feet, and the hog barn, convenient for the swine. A great modern windmill sup- plies water for the stock. On section 6 our subject has erected a new frame house, of a story and a half, 14x18 feet, with an addition of 16 x 18, and here there is a fine orchard and grove of five acres, and in 1892 our subject, on this place, fed 100 head of cattle. Mr. Hunter was married March 6, 1853, in Porter county, Indiana, near Valparaiso, to Laura A. Dell, a native of Huron county, Ohio, and a daughter of Solomon and E'iza R. (Fay) Dell. Mrs. Hunter was reared in Coshocton county, Ohio. The mother of Mrs. Hunter died in Indiana at the age of fifty-two years, and the father lives in Pulaski county, Indiana, now at the age of seventy- six. The latter is a Deacon in the Christian Church. He is the father of three sons and three daughters. One son, Jesse, was a member of an Indiana regiment during the war. Mr. and Mrs. Hunter were the parents of six children, as follows: Eliza Ann Rodda, who has four children; W. II. has one child; John C. lives on a farm of 160 acres; Charles A.; Harry and Forrest. One daughter, Sarah Ellen, the wife of Frank Peck, died, leaving one boy, named Claude E. Politically, our subject is a Republican, and has honorably held the positions of Town- ship Trustee, Clerk, Justice of the Peace, Assessor and Treasurer. He is a member of the Gr. A. R., Newell Post, No. 416. |AECELLUS BARTLETT, Odebolt, | Iowa, residing on a farm of 240 *S^^* acres, in Clinton township, Sac county, has been a citizen of this township since 1875. As one of its prosperous farm- ers and representative citizens, it is appropri- ate that more than a passing mention should be made of him on these pages. Mr. Bartlett was born in Essex county, New York, August 3, 1851, son of Ichabod and Lucinda (Handy) Bartlett, his father be- ing a native New England. They moved West when Marcellus was quite young and settled in Scott county, Iowa, and at Le Claire, that county, the mother died when he was four years old, leaving a family of three chil- dren, as follows: James, now a resident near Wiser, Whatcom county, Washington; Mar- cellus; anil Albert, deceased. After living in Scott county three years and a half, the father moved to Rock Island county, Illinois, and two years later came bark to Iowa, settling in Clinton county, near DeWitt. The subject of our sketch grew up on a farm, receiving his education in the district schools. From Clinton county he went to Linn county, locating six miles west of Cedar Rapids, thence to Boonesborough, Boone coun- ty, where he resided two years, thence to Sae county. His first purchase in this county was eighty acres, and to this he has since nrociiAPHicAL history of added until now he is the owner of 240 acres, all under a high state of cultivation ami well improved, with good buildings. His resi- lience is a story ami a hall', 14x22 feet, with an I,, 12 x 18 feet; tenant house, 14 x 22 feet, with an L, 14x14; barn, which wa6 erected in 1892, is 62x60 feet. Be has a modern wind-pump and a grove and orchard of six acres. Mr. Bartlett was married at the age of twenty, near DeWitt, Iowa, to Maria Daw- son, a native of Lincolnshire, England, daugh- ter of Thomas and .Maria Dawson, natives of that country. Her father died in Clinton county, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett have had five children, namely: Ilattie Ma\ and Carrie Maria, twins, both having been suc- cessful teachers in Sac county, and now are students in the Sioux City University; Mary Lucinda, who died at the age of nine yearB and ten months; Nettie B., and Elta. Politically, Mr. Bartlett is a Prohibitioni.-t. lie has tilled several of the township offices, and has served as member of the School Board a number of years. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and is a Class- leader of the same. He has affiliated with the A. O. C. W. since 1887. A man in the prime of life, frank and cordial in manner, active in everything tending to benefit the community in which he lives, he is popular with all who know him. -VT/J/i Uh-~y~~insins^- fESSE M. LEWIS, a farmer and stock- raiser of Maple township, Ida county, Iowa, was born in Steuben county, New York. November 22, 1845, a son of Samuel Lewis and Fannie (Oompton) Lewis, the former a native of Vermont, and the latter of New York, Steuben county. The father was of Wel.-h ancestry, and his grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary war for seven years. Etunyan U. Lewis, an older brother of the subject of this sketch, was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion (private) Company E, Twenty-seventh Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, died at Jackson, Mississippi, Febru- ary 7, 1863, of typhoid fever, in consequence of which, under act of June 27, 1890, Samuel Lewis, his father, was granted a pension of $12 per month. Jesse M. Lewis removed with his parents to Scotl county, Iowa, when a boy, in L855, lo- cating ten miles from I >avenport, where he was reared and educated. From 1870 until 1873 he resided in western Iowa and Nebraska, and in the latter year he purchased eighty acres of wild land in Maple township, Ida county, Iowa. He has improved and added to this place until he now owns 450 acres, located three and a half miles west of I tattle Creek, all of which is under a tine state of cultivation. He has a one and a half story residence, a barn, 42x70 feet, with a 16-foot basement, a grove, an orchard of eight acres, modern windmill, stock scales, and everything necee sary for a well regulated farm; he also has forty acres located between the towns of Tama and Toledo, Tama county, Iowa. Mr. Lewis was married m Ida county to Esther Bingham, who was born and reared in in Ohio, a daughter of David and Nancy Bingham. To this union was born seven children: Mary A., Geneva, Jessie, David A., Janet, Mabel V. and Ernest Eugene. The. wife and mother died in April, 1889s and Mr. Lewis afterward married Miss Alnetta A. lliatt, a native of Tama comity, Iowa, and a daughter of John W. ami Martha Y. (Gray) Hiatt. John \Y. Uiatt. father of Mrs. Alnetta A. Lewis ami husband of Mrs. Martha Y. lliatt. enlisted in the civil war, August 15, L862, in Company F, Twenty eighth Regi- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. •579 ment, Iowa Volunteer Infantry, was First Corporal; wounded at the battle of Champion Hills, May 16, 1863; died of wound June 7, 1893. Mrs. Lewis was a successful teacher of this county before marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis have one child, a babe, Martha Fran- ces. In his political views, our subject is a third-party man, and his first presidential vote was cast for General Grant. Both he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, and the former was also the organizer and its President of the Farmers' Alliance. Mr. Lewis takes an active interest in every- thing for the good of his township and county. K. PETTIT, Mayor of Ida Grove, Iowa, has been a resident of Ida ,a> county since 1884. He came here at that time from Oneida, New York, and en- gaged in the manufacture of stone. A year after which he conducted a grocery business two years. Then he served two years as Deputy Sheriff, and since retiring from that office has been a justice of the peace. In March, 1892, he was elected to his present position, that of Mayor of Ida Grove. He is one of the most active politicians in the Republican ranks. Mr. Pettit does a general insurance and collecting business. He represents the fol- lowing insurance companies: the American, of Philadelphia; State of Pennsylvania; Sun, of London, England; National, of Hartford City; and the Iowa, of Des Moines. S. K. Pettit was born in Madison county, New York, August 30, 1846, son of Seth and Hnlda (Saxton) Pettit, natives of Sara- toga and Cooperstown, New York, respect- ively, his father's people being French and his mother's old "Down East" Yankees. He was reared on a farm in his native State and was educated in the public schools. In July, 1862, Mr. Pettit enlisted in Com- pany B, One Hundred and Fifty-seventh New York Volunteer Infantry, and in February, 1864, was promoted to First Lieutenant and assigned to Company F, One Hundred and Third Regiment. He remained with this regiment until September, 1867, when he was mustered out at Savannah, Georgia. He was wounded several times slightly, but was never off duty, never took any medicine, never answered the surgeon's call. He participated in the battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Honey Hill, and a large number of minor en- gagements; was captured at Chancellorsville, but was paroled on the field. Mr. Pettit is a member of Matthew Gray Post, No. 93, and is Adjutant of the same. He was made a Mason soon after coming out of the army, and is now a member of Kane Lodge, No. 377, and Syria Chapter, No. 104, being High Priest of the same. He was married in December, 1867, to Miss Adela Pinckney, a native of Vernon, Oneida county, New York, and a daughter of William and Margaret (Ward) Pinckney. Her father died while in charge of the civil engineering on the Des Moines river when that river was being made navigable. fj. WOOLHISER, one of the pioneer settlers of Crawford county, was born ° in Ponghkeepsie, New York, July 20, 1841, a son of Milton Woolhiser, a native of Greene county, that State. The latter waa a son of Jacob Woolhiser, a native of Germany. Our subject's mother, nee Sarah Gripman, was born in Maine, a daughter of John Grip- 580 iu. is an artist of merit, and was awarded the second premium at the Iowa State Fair, in competition against French artists. Politically, Mr. Woolhiser is a Re- publican, ami has served as Constable and Deputy Sheriff. Mrs. Woolhiser and daugh- ters are active workers in the Methodist Church and Sunday-school. The Woolhisers .ire among the cultured, refined and intelli- gent families of the county. M. M 1 1. LEU, a yoiiui; man of sterling qualities, and one of the first to identify * himself with the opening up of Silver Creek township. Ida county, Iowa, was born in Vermont in lSolt, second in* the family of A. M. and Sarah J. Miller. Both his parents were born and reared in Vermont. At an early day they emigrated to Marshall county, Iowa, and settled on a farm, and there they still reside. The subject of our sketch was a youth when his parents moved to Iowa, and in Marshall county he was reared and educated, completing his education in the high school at Marshalltown. In Ism! he came to Ida county, and he and his brother opened up a farm of 160 acres in section 29, Fencing and improving it. To his original holding he lias since added eighty acres more. He has erected a nice two-story residence, 1.8x26 IV, t, with an E, 10 x 12 feet. His stables, granaries, other outbuildings, etc., are all in good order, and a beautiful grove of two and a half acres is a pleasing feature of his farm. Mr. Miller was married, in lsv2, to Miss Oviatt, daughter of E. I,, and Rebecca (Hoff- man) Oviatt, natives of Ohio and Pennsyl- vania, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. < >viatt tyl ^UaA^ **<^i-&^ls CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 581 were pioneer settlers of Iowa, and are still living in this State. Mr. Miller and his wife have three children: Ida May, William Rob- ert and Ray Gilkerson. Politically, our subject is a Republican. He takes an active interest in local affairsi and at different times has held the offices of School Director, Supervisor and Constable. He and his wife are both prominent mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has served as Trustee and Steward. In Sabbath-school work they also take an active part, he being Superintendent and she a teacher. Mr. Miller has earned what he has by his own unaided effoits. He is a straightforward business man of integrity and ability, and has the confidence and respect of his fellow- citizens. lOBERT QUAIL.— Among the oldest J| and best known of the early settlers of Sac county, Iowa, is the subject of this sketch, who now resides on section 12, in Jackson township. In June, 1856, he settled here, where he has since remained and be- come one of the most esteemed of this sec- tion of the county. He was born in West- moreland county, Pennsylvania, June 29, 1823, and descended from a veteran of the war of 1812, who was named John Quail, and born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, in 1784; and his father, Robert Quail, had been born in county Down, Ireland. The known ancestry of the family can be traced as far back as the ancestors who lived on the Isle of Man. The first family settlement in Penn- sylvania was made in Erie county. The name pf the mother of our subject was Susan (Baker) Quail, and she was born in Essex county, New Jersey, of very respectable Hol- land ancestry. 42 In 1835 John and Susan Quail moved to Holmes comity, Ohio, late in the year, prob- ably in December. By occupation Mr. Quail was a school teacher, and his death occurred in Porter county, Indiana. They had a fam- ily of four sons and one daughter. One son, Samuel, was a soldier in the late war, enlist- ing in the Second Missouri Cavalry. Our subject was reared on a farm and re- ceived his book education in the common schools, but his practical education was by no. means neglected, as he became the master of two trades, those of stonemason and gunsmith, both of them excellent ones in their way. He lived in Holmes county, Ohio, until 1852, when he worked about at his tw.o, trades until 1856, when he decided to remove to the tine Western lands and there secure for. himself a home. Consequently he removed to Benton county, Iowa, thence to Sac county, the same State, and settled on section 31, in Douglas township, where he took up a farm of 436 acres. He was one of the first set- tlers in the northern part of Sac county, and at that time deer and elk were plentiful, as the most of the country was wholly unsettled. He had a severe experience that winter, as it is yet known in the annals as the most severe in the State since its settlement. The cold was so great and the snow so deep that it be- came necessary to relieve the wants of the settlers, who were generally so illy provided to endure such intense weather, and our sub- ject was one of those appointed to belong to a commission to visit O'Brien, Cherokee and Clay counties. The brave, kind-hearted men started with hand-sleds in the depth of win- ter, in a deep snow, with provisions for two days, and it took six days to make the trip, on account of a snowstorm. They lost one of their party, William Davis, by freezing, but rescued Martha Black and brought her niiini; M'incAI. HI8T0RT OF hack on tin' Bled. William Davis lived in Jackson township and was buried in Chero kee. Thai was a desperate time for many, and through O'Brien and Cherokee counties many of the people were kept alive by par- taking of soup made from elk skins, coon grease and the buds of trees. This was not the only dangerous time throngb which our Biihject was called to pass, as he was a soldier in the Indian expedition in 1857, and was in pursuit of the Indians and lost the trail fifteen miles from Spirit Lake, just three days before the massacre. He joined a company of men who started with hand-sleds to protect the pioneers in Buena Vista county. They camped in the snow in the dead of winter, but had no tight with the Indians, and succeeded in doing much good to the scattered population of Buena Vista county. He became well acquainted with the northern part of the State, as during the war he served four months as a scout and did valuable service. In L^8*2 our subject purchased his present home of Washington Allen, an early settler who now lives in St. Charles, Louisiana. This fine place contains 122 acres, and is lo- cated one mile from the town. He calls it Deer Park, and it is a beautiful home. He has a good frame with a fine lawn containing shade and ornamental trees, and connected with it is a good orchard and an abundance Ot small fruits. All of his barns and sheds are in good condition, and it makes a pleasant home. The park contains a herd of nice deer. The old orchard had eight acres in trees and the new one 609 new trees. The residence of Mr, Quail is a pleasant one. the dimensions of which are 16 x24, two Btories, and an L of one story, 16x24, giving a front- age of eighty-one feet, along which there is a veranda. The dimensions of the barn are 32 x '.VI feet. This is a beautiful rural heme and upon it reigns peace and plenty. Mr. Quail take- interest in thoroughbred Jersey cattle, and his cow, Bioxie, No. 9,711, is one of the liest bred animals in western Iowa. In politics our subject is a Democrat, was County Surveyor for one term and -Jus- tice of the Peace for twelve years, both of which positions he held with credit to him- self and with honor to his constituents. He is now seventy years of age, well preserved and fine appearing, lie is a man of great intelligence, frank and cordial in hi> manners and honorable in his dealings, thus making himself esteemed by all with whom he comes into contact. Our subject was married September 12, 1S52, in Holmes county, < >hio, to Mis- Re- becca Tepley, a native of Knox county, < >hio, and a daughter of Jacob and Susan (Scritch- field) Tepley, both natives of Pennsylvania. < >ne little son came into the home, but is now deceased, and Mrs. Quail died August 26, 1889. «OSTEE RUTLEDGE, a farmer of Dela- ware township, Sac county, was born in Wihnot township, Waterloo, sixty miles east of London, Canada. December 14. 1835, a Bon of Thomas and Elebeth (Foster* Rut- ledge, the former a native of Rochester, New York, horn February 1, 1810, and the latter of Wicklow, Ireland. The father wasof Scotch- Irish descent. Our subject's grandfather, Robert Rn Hedge, the father of Thomas, was born April 27, ITvJ. i H county ('avail. Ire land: Mary I.urvev. his wife, was born April 14, 1783, in New York. They were united in marriage in 1SOS, in New York, moved to Canada in 1819, from there to Oregon, Illi- nois, in 1840, and died during the years 18 rte county. Indiana, September 8, 1859, a son of Rev. Daniel R. Herrold, who was born in Athen- county, Ohio, November 9. 1818, a prominent and early settler of Sac county and Cedar township, now deceased. He was a son of Daniel Herrold. who was born in the State of Pennsylvania, where the Herrold family are of much note. The grandmother of our subject bore the maiden name of < !athe- rine Rhodes, and she was also a native of Pennsylvania. Daniel K. Herrold was reared in Athens county, Ohio, was there educated, and on March 19, 1^39 was married to Miss Harriet Herrold, who hail been reared and educated there. She was the daughter of . Joseph and Elizabeth (Armitage) Herrold, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania, and the Eather's last day.- were .-pent in Indiana. D. R. in CRAWFORD, IDA AND 8 AC COUNTIES. 585 1845, removed to La Porte county, Indiana, and was there one of the early settlers. In 1865 he came to Louisa county, Iowa, remain- ing there five years and then moved to Cedar township, upon the land on which his son now resides. At that time the country was yet very wild and unsettled and he was one of the first of the pioneers. Here there now is a fine farm with a large grove, some of the land being rented out. He built a farm house, a barn, and helped largely to build a Methodist Church on his own land. He had a family of three children: David, one of the well- known settlers of this section, who went to Kansas in 1884, but now lives in the State of Washington, on Baker's bay, at the mouth of the Columbia river, engaged in salmon fish- ing. Mrs. S. A. Moody lives in Cedar town- ship, and the third is our subject. Three children were removed by death, Thornton F., born in Athens county, Ohio, was a sol- dier in the Ninth Indiana Infantry, Company B, and was shot at Keuesaw Mountain, June 20, 1864, aged twenty-one years. He is buried in theNational cemeteryat Marietta, Georgia, The family have photographs of the grounds of the same, a beautiful cemetery, well cared for under the able supervision of A. B. Drum, superintendent, once a Union soldier himself. Would that all loyal hearts had such beauti- ful resting places; Harriet died at the age of eight years, and Mary when four years of age. D. K. Herrold died xMarch 3, 1888. He had been a stanch Republican in life, and had held many offices of public trust, serving his town- ship as Trustee and Treasurer. He was an earnest and active worker in the cause of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His widow re- sides on the old farm. Mrs. Moody was one of the early teachers and now is one of the most popular ones in Sac county. Our subject, married, in 1880, Miss Alma Elmore, a native of Indiana, and they have become the parents of three children : Sophia A., Nettie M. and Alma V. Politically, lie is a Republican, and at present is serving his township as Trustee. He is a man of tine ap- pearance and his frank and pleasant manner wins him friends at once. *^ ffOHN S. HOWARD, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, of Cedar town- ship, and one of the representative men of the township, settled here in 1886. He was born in Wapello county, Iowa, near Ottumwa, May 26, 1845, son of John Sam- uel and Sarah (Sulgrove) Howard, natives of Ohio. The father was a son of John Howard, a native of Kentucky, and the ma- ternal grandfather of our subject was reared in the same State. The mother of our sub- ject is still living, residing in Wapello county, Iowa. When the family first ar- rived in Iowa it still was a Territory and Indians were much more plentiful than the white settlers. The family settled in Polk county in 1852, locating ten miles north of Des Moines, where the father died, aged seventy-eight years. His wife makes her home on the homestead and has reached the age of seventy-eight. She and her hus- band reared a family of nine children, four sons and five daughters, eight of the children now living. Our subject was the second son and fifth child. He was seven or eight years of age when the family moved to Polk county, Iowa, and therefore received his education in the common schools of that county. During the summer months he assisted his father and brothers in tilling the soil. In 1864 he en- BIOGRAPHICAL EI8T0R7 OF listed in the First Iowa Batter] stationed at Wbodville, Alabama, later going to Scotts- borougb, Georgia. Uc participated in the battles of Chattanooga; Resaca, Georgia; At- lanta. Dallas, Kingston, Kene-aw .Mountain, New Hope Church, Chattahoochee River; Marietta, Georgia; I "each Orchard, forty days' siege of Atlanta and Jonesboro. Thence returned against General Hood's force to Chattanooga; thence to Nashville, Tennessee, from which city they proceeded up the river a hundred miles guarding a woodyard; then returned to Nashville where they Eought Gen- eral Hood. The regiment was mustered out of service at Davenport, Iowa, July 6, 1865. During his term of service our subject was injured by a horse falling upon him. At the close of the war he returned home to l'olk county, where lie remained until L886, when he came to Sac county and pur- chased, an improved farm of 120 acres from John Kllis. Since his purchasing of his property he has continued it in the good State of cultivation it 'was in when it came into his possession. His residence is a com- fortable frame one, with dimensions of 16 x 26 feet, ami an L, 14 x 16 feet. A tine grove and orchard of about three acres are also to be found on this mode] farm. Mr. Howard engages in general farming and stock-raising on his land and all his fields testify to his in- dustry. He was married August 31, ls7"J. in Polk county, Iowa, to Miss Melissa Cantril, born in Afton. Onion county, Iowa, where she was reared and educated. Mrs. Howard is a daughter of Fletcher S. Cantril, born in In diana, but an early pioneer of Iowa, being one of the first settlers of Union county. Iowa, where he resided until 1HS4-, when lie removed to Dayton, Washington, where he and hi.- wife Still reside. The maiden name of the latter was Jane Hartsel, and she was a native of Indiana. By occupation the father is a carpenter and builder. To the parents of Mrs. Howard ten children were born, six daughters of whom are Living. To Mr. and Mrs. Howard six children have been born, three sons and three daughters, namely: Robert A.. A. Fletcher. Addie Alice, John Akin, Oscar Orlando. Oliver Otis. Mr. Howard takes an interest in political matters, voting with the Democratic party and is a member of the School Board. He and his wife are members of the Church of God. IK' is one of the progressive, enterprising men of the township and takes an active part in all improvements tending to the benefit of the township. ^HS _•:-» rV'WAUD MoCOLLOUGH, one of the representative citizens of Crawford fj.ll county, was burn in Martin county, Indiana, September 7, 1866, a son of Robert McCollongh, a native of Tuscarawas county, Ohio. The hitter's father was born in New York State, of Scotch ancestry. Our sub- ject V mother, formerly Lettuce Bigley, was born and reared in Ohio. Mr. McCollough died when Howard was ten years of age, and the mother passed away in October, ls*'.». The subject of this sketch was reared to farm life in his native State, and in 1886 came to Crawford county. Iowa. He owns a well-improved farm of 160 acres, a good resilience, 18 x 30 feet, one and a half stories high, and surrounded by shade and orna- mental trees, and lias a grove of BIX acres. Everything about the place shows the thrift and prosperity of the owner. Mr. McCollough was married December 11, 1890, to Frances E. North, a native of Yorkshire. England, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 587 but who was reared and educated in Clinton county, Iowa. She is a daughter ot Thomas and Anna Elizabeth (Clark) North, also na- tives of Yorkshire, England. Mrs. McCol- longh was a girl of thirteen years when she came with her parents to Clinton county, Iowa. Her mother died August 5, 1872, leaving eight children, and she, being the eldest girl, was obliged to take a mother's place in caring for the younger children. She deserves much credit for the mannerjin which she reared them. The family came to Craw* ford county in 1876. Mr. McCollough is a Republican in his political views, and, al- though but a young man, has gained an en- viable position in his county. SILLIAM MITCHELL, dealer iu farming implements and pumps, lo- cated at the west end of Second street, Ida Grove, has been engaged in busi* ness here since 1882. He carries a full line of farming implements, buggies, carriages, wagons, pumps, wind engines, scales, etc., etc., and also handles a large amount of grain annually. He is one of the most active and energetic business men of Ida Grove, and as such is entitled to some personal mention in this work. William Mitchell is a native of "Whitby, Ontario, Canada, born May 20, 1852, son of William and Hellen (Matthewson) Mitchell, both natives of Scotland. They were mar- ried in Canada, moved to Iowa in 1861, and are now residents of Postville, Allamakee county, Iowa. The father is a farmer. Will- iam is the eldest of a family of five children. He was reared on a farm and remained at home until he was twenty-two. At that time he began farming on his own responsi- bility in Allamakee county, and remained there until 1880, when he came to Ida coun- ty. Here he purchased a farm in section 8, Logan township, and this place — 120» acres of praire land — he at once began to improve, erecting buildings, etc. He added eighty acres to his original purchase, and three years later sold the entire tract for §25 per acre, having paid $8 per acre. Since then he has from time to time made other invest- ments, and is now the owner of considerable valuable property. He owns two improved farms in Ida county, eighty acres in section 11, Silver Creek township, and 160 acres in Grant township. He also has a half-interest in eighty acres on section 22, Logan town- ship, this county, all of this land being used for agricultural purposes. Besides this he owns 160 acres in Douglas county. South Dakota. Since 1882, as above stated, he has been engaged in his present business, having succeeded Linkhart & Gordon, and in this as in other enterprises, he has met with marked success. He is, indeed, a self-made man, his present accumulations being there- suit of his own honest industry and good management. He affiliates with the Republi- can party. Mr. Mitchell was married March 10, 1874, to Miss Jennie E. Love, of Watkius, New York, daughter of William N. and Mary (Fenno) Love. They have one child, Frank L. Mrs. Mitchell is a member of the Pres- byterian Church. -r€^ > fOHN MILLER, a prominent resident of Jackson township, Sac county, Iowa, is the subject of the present sketch. He came here in 1862, and resides in section 36, Jackson township, Sac county, Iowa. He 588 BIOGR \rillCM. history OF whs 1 Mini in Washington county, Pennsylva- nia, July 30,1822, a son of Noah Miller, who was born in the same county, and he was a son of Philip Miller, who was a Revolu- tionary soldier. The mother of our subject bore the maiden name of Isabella Shepler, who was born in < >hio, near Chillicothe, but later the family removed to I. a Porte county, Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Miller were the par- ent:- of sixteen children, seven sons and nine daughters. ( Mir subject was two years old when the family moved to Muskingum county, Ohio, near Zanesville, and some ten or twelve years later the family removed to La Porte, Indiana, in 1835, and were earlj' settlers of the county. Here John grew up on a farm, and received his education, which was limited, in the com- mon scl Is of the county. In 1859 our subject was married to Miss Emeline EEaynes, who was bom and reared in Ohio, lint her death occurred in . In 1M>2 he came to Sac City, and for two and one-half years he was in the employ of Judge Criss, of Sac City. Here he was married a 6econd time, March 26, 18(37, to Mrs. Isa- bella (Hitchcock) Corry. She was born in Richland county, Vernon township, Ohio, and was one of the first settler- in Sac county. Iowa. Her father, Isaac Hitchcock, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and he was one of the first settlers of Richland county. Ohio. The mother wa- Mary | Ilaverlield) Ilitch- cock, horn in Harrison county. Ohio. Both parents died in Ohio, the father in Hardin county, and the mother in Richland county. Mrs. Miller was first married at the age t) f eighteen to Francis McGuire Corry, who was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, in Ms. Hi' and wife came west to Sac county, Sep- tember 4, 1854. in company with Messrs. Au.-tin, McAlfee, Metcalf and I.agonrgue. Mr. Oorrj settled on section 36, township 22. range 36, where he lived until hi- death. October 21, 1865, leaving a widow and the following- named children: Isaac, William, Deca, Hugh. Harvey, George, Joseph, John. Francis and Tiberghieu. Mr. Miller and wife are comfortably located on a good, little farm, making a specialty of fowls and poultry, in which business they are successful. Our subject is a Republican, and an active mem ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church: has been a Class-leader and Steward, having been a member of the church for thirty-nine rears. Mrs. Miller ha entertained every presiding ehler that ever came to Sac City, and feels that she is entitled to the regard of the com munity as an old settler, as she attended the first birth that took place in Sac county, that of Horace Lagourgue, Decenjber 22. 1855. No people in the county are more highly es- teemed than Mr. and Mrs. Miller, and they deserve all the respect of the community for their many fine qualities. folIN II. MOORFI1EAD. deceased, was during life one of the prominent and much respected residents of Ida county, Iowa. coming to the county in June, 1856. His birth occurred in Zanesville, Ohio, September 21, 1808, and he was a son of Thomas Moore- head, who was of Scotch ancestry. Mr. Moore- head came to Iowa City, Iowa, in 1854, where he remained until ls56. when he came into Ida county. lie was a man who took an active part in all public affairs and assisted largely in the upbuilding of the county. One of its earliest settlers, he shouldered the public duties which were thrust upon him, on ac- count of his knowledge of business, ha\ ing been a man of business tor many years. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 589 In his political belief he was an active Re- publican, and for years had been County Judge; and, in fact, filled most of the offices of the county. When Mr. Moorehead came to the county he entered some land in and near Ida Grove, and made his residence in the grove, which is just north of the site of the preseut town of Ida Grove. This thriving place was named from the old Moorehead homestead, which had been christened Ida Grove by Mrs. Moorehead. Mr. Moorehead died on this farm, August 22, 1882, after a life of usefulness. He had married a most excellent woman in the State of Virginia, named Martha C. F. Good, daughter of John A. and Mary A. Good, of Martinsburg, Virginia, born July 6, 1814, and she is still living upon the old home place. Her husband improved several farms in the county, erected buildings and planted trees, and in this way he left many monuments to his energy and progressive ideas. He it was who platted and laid out the original town of Ida, which lies north of the present city of Ida Grove, and April 13, 1871, the plat was recorded. This consisted of forty acres on the northeast of the northeast quarter of sec- 14, township 87, range 40, west. Here the city of Ida was built, and after the appear- ance of the railroad the new town of Ida Grove was platted, and the growth of Ida, the older place, was checked, but to Mr. Moore- head the honor is due for the location of this city. All of his enterprises were conducted with good judgment. At an early day he was engaged in shipping flour down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans, and was very successful at this. He reared a family of five children: Anna L., the wife of Rev. Dr. Woodworth, of the Methodist Church, of Sioux City, Iowa; William C, on the old home farm; Hammond A., a manu- facturer of cigars and tobacco supplies, resid- ing in Cleveland, Tennessee; Frank R., mem- ber of the Ida Grove bar, and Justice of the Reaee; and Giles C, the subject of this sketch. Giles C. Moorehead was born in Ida county, Iowa, November 2, 1856, and it is supposed that he was the first white child born in this county. He was reared on the old home place and received his early education in the schools of the district, and later at Sioux City, and finally graduated from the medical de- partment, State University of Iowa, March 5, 1875. He at once located in Ida Grove, and has since that time been continuously in practice here. He makes a specialty of dis- eases of the eye, and is one of the leading physicians of the county. Politically, he is a Republican, and belongs to the fraternities, A. F. & A. M., No. 377, Katie Lodge; also A. O. IT. W. and M. W. of A. The marriage of Dr. Moorehead took place June 24, 188G, to Miss Anna Chapman, of Keokuk, daughter of J. M. and Hester Chap- man. Dr. and Mrs. Moorehead have two bright children: Helen and Forest. Aside from his professional life, the Doctor has en- gaged in so'ne real-estate business, having platted two additions to Ida, the first in 1891, which was but a small one, and the second, which comprised some sixty lots, in 1892. Dr. Moorehead is one of the leading citizens of this county. J. IIIRONS, a farmer of Sac county, was born in Marion county. West a Virginia, October 21, 1833, a son of Thomas Ilirons, a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and a member of an old and prominent family. He followed ag- 590 BIOGRAPHICAL E16T0R1 OF ricultural pursuits, and voted with the Whig party. Be » 1 i » < 1 when our Bubjecl s% :is three rears of age, leaving a widow and nine cliil- dren, six sons and three daughters. < meson, John, was a soldier in the civil war. The mother died in Virginia, aged fifty-four years. They were members of the Method- ist Episcopal Ohurch. W. J. Uii'niis, the subject (if this sketch, was reared on a farm and received lint a lim- ited education. From the age of eighteen years until 1855 he lived in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and then located near Epworth, Dubuque county, Iowa. While there he purshased three different farms, all of which he sold at a profit. In 1880 Mr. Hirons bought the farm of W. W. Parker, an old settler of the township, and lie now owns 171 acres of good and well-improved land, Located one and one-fourth miles from Early. His beautiful dwelling, 14 x 22 feet, with an L, 14x16 feet, is well located, has one of the best groves in Sac county, containing fif- teen acres, has three acres of on-hard, one of small fruits, two barns, one 32 x 40 feet, and the other 16 x 24 feet, with rock basements, and all other necessary improvements. Mi-. Hirons was married in Washington county, Pennsylvania, to Nancy J. Hartley, who was born, reared and educated in that county, a daughter of Peter and Amy (Mor- ley) Hartley, natives also of Pennsylvania. They were the parents of three children: Joseph; Harriett, wife of Mr. Ruffcorn ; and Mrs. Hirons. Mr. and Mrs. Hartley died in Washington county, Pennsylvania. Our sub- ject and wife have seven children, namely: Charles Harvey, William P., Carrie V. ge W., Emily A.. Lewis Wesley and Frank E. Carrie V. was formerly a teacher, and is now the wife of (ieorge Ham, of Del- aware township. The children are all well l educated, and three, C. Harvey. Carrie \\. and William P. have attended the Epworth College, of Dubuque county, Iowa. Walter (t. is now a student of Mt. Vernon College, Iowa. Mr. and Mr-. Hirons lost two chil- dren, Mary Iv, the second child, died at the age of two years; and Virginia, the fifth child, died when a babe. Our subject affil- iates with the Republican party, has served as a member of the School Board, and i> also a member of the I. O. O. F., Hover Lodge, No. 475. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. EORGE 8TEPHAN, a successful farm- er of Sac county, was born in Bureau county, Illinois, in 1860,»fl son of Fred and Catherine Stephan. George was a lad of six or seven years when the family moved to Lee county, Illinois, where he was reared to farm life, and educated in the district -c] Is. In 1882 he came to Sac county, Iowa, and the following year settled on his present farm of 180 acres. His land is un- der a fine state of cultivation, has a good frame residence, 24x44 feet, and is engaged in general farming and stock raising. Polit- ically, he affiliates with the Republican party, anil socially, is a member of the K. of P., No. 165, of Early. Mr. Stephan was married October 6, 1883, to Christine Keinhart, who was born, reared and educated in Lee county, Illinois, a daugh- ter of Henry Ueinhart, a native of Germany. lie came to Illinois when eight years of age, was in Chicago when that city was but a small village, and was married in that State to Martha Hotzle, a native of Germany. She also came to America when a child. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Reinhart located on a CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 591 farm near Dixon, Lee county, Illinois, and the former has frequently hauled grain from that place to Chicago, a distance of eighty- five miles. In 1877 they settled on the Boyer river, Clinton township, Sac county, Iowa, where Mr. Reinhart purchased and op- erated the Boyer Valley Flouring Mills. He also dealt largely in land, having cleared sev- eral farms, and at one time owned 3,000 acres of land in Sac county. He still owns 1,360 acres of well-improved land, owning all of section 16, in Clinton township, one- half of section 9, in the same township, and other farms in the county. In 1889 he moved to Sioux City, where he engaged in business. Mr. Reinhart also invested in property there, and still owns the Reinhart Hotel Block. He and his wife have had seven children: Catherine, Christine, Eliz- abeth, John, Anna, Charles and Oscar. Mr. and Mrs. Stephan have five children : Henry Abner, Oscar George, Viola Mary, Ansel John and Harrold Frederick. Mr. Stephan is one of the prominent and progressive young business men of Boyer township. M. LAMOREUX, a resident of Doug-las township, section 36, is one of the ® prominent and well-known citizens of Sac county, Iowa. He came here in Novem- ber, 1868. He was born in Monroe, Orange county, New York, November 24, 1847, a son of W. V. Lamoreux, who was a prom- inent pioneer of the county. He also was born in Orange county, New York, and came here with his family in 1868, aud has been an active business man ever since. He was a son of Robert Lamoreux, whose grand- father had been born in Faris, France. The family was one of the Huguenots, and came to this country and settled in Orange county among the first who selected that place as a home. All students of the history of the different countries are well aware of the re- ligious persecution which drove the French Huguenots from their native country. The grandmother of our subject was named Hannah Brooks, who was born in Orange county, her parents having come thither from Bucks county, Pennsylvania. She was reared and educated in Orange county, and her son, W. V., was also so reared and educated. While still a young man he engaged in the lumber trade, and later engaged in merchan- dising. He was married to Miss Julia Mapes, a native of New York and a dauohter of Rumsey and Mary (Ramsay) Mapes. By this marriage one son was born, Robert, a prom- inent citizen and business man of Sac City. The second marriage of W. V. Lamoreux was to Miss Mary J. Green, who was born, reared and educated in New York, a daughter of Daniel Green. In 1857 the family removed to Marathon county, Wisconsin, near Wausau. At that time the country was but sparsely settled, and the most of the land was owned by the Government. Here Mr. Lamoreux engaged in lumbering until 1868, when he removed his family to Sac City. Here he kept one of the first hotels in the place, but in the spring of 1874 he, with our subject, located upon the land where they now live. By his second marriage Mr. Lamoreux had a family of five children, three of whom are yet living: Daniel M. ; Susan, the wife of B. T. Single, of Wausau, Wisconsin; and W. R.,of Marshalltown, Iowa. Our subject was a boy of ten years when he first came to Marathon, Wisconsin, where he grew up and received his education, and engaged there for a time in lumberino-, but in 1868 he accompanied his father to Sac lUOHllM'llKWl, IIISTOUY OF City as above Btated. He farms and rents, and has one of the beet farms in Sac county. consisting of 579 acres of rich land, well im- proved and with every Burronnding, as it should be in a well-ordered modern farm. II is one and one-half story residence, L6 s 2 1 feet, with an L two stories high, 18 x 24 feet, is beautifully situated in the midst of a nice grove of seven acres. His cattle are well eared for in a barn built for their especial care, 24x32 feet, while his immense farm barn, with its 16-foot posts and itsvast dimen- sions of 40x66 feet, attracts attention for many mile8 around. He lias an abundance of feed lots, yards, etc.. with a fine windmill, scales and every provision for the carrying on of a fine farm, where our subject successfully carries on stock-raising and feeding, and also has a tine dairy, keeping from fifteen to twenty cows. He also is interested in short- horn cattle and owns some line specimens. Our subject was married in December, 1872, in Sac City, to Miss Alice Armstrong. an intelligent lady, who was born and reared in Walworth county. Wisconsin, and was one of the first teachers in Boyer Valley town- ship. Sac county, Iowa, and was one of the most highly appreciated teachers before mar- riage. Her father. . I. E. Armstrong, is the Mayor of Sac City, and the maiden name of her mother was Dolly DeMottc. Mrs. La- morenx has one sister, Mrs. J, W. Nutter. Our subject and wife have three children, as follows: Frank, attending the Sac Normal School; Guy at school at the place with his brother; and Mary Blaine, at home. Politically, our subject is a Republican, and has filled the position of Township Clerk, and in 1S7:? he was appointed Sheriff of the county. He served in this position for some time, and also in that of Coroner. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Occidental Lodge, No. 178, and of Darius Chapter; also of Rose Croix Commandery, No. 38, while both himself and wife are mem- bers of the Eastern Star. Our subject is one of the most popular men in the township, possessing a reputation for liberality, progressiveness and integrity second to none. He is the friend of the needy, and is one of the most companionable men of the section, being hospitable, frank and jovial in manner. fOHN ( i. WALTER, of the firm of Wal- ter Iiros., extensive dealers in grain and live stock, is one of the well-known busi- ness men of Ida Grove. This firm is com- posed of three brothers, .1. G.} of Ida Grove, .1. L., of Charter Oak. and C. A., of Oto. Their business operations extend overalarge portion of western Iowa, and at the follow- ing named place- they have grain elevators: Ida Grove, Battle Creek, Danhory, Castana, Charter Oak and Oto. They annually han- dle more than 250 carloads of jrrain and over a hundred carload- of live stock. The firm was founded in 1885 and began operations at Correctionville. In 1887 they sold out their interests there and located at Ida Grove and (-barter Oak, and subsequently branched out to the other points above named. They erected all the elevators except the one at Ida Grove ami this they have recently renovated and enlarged, its present capacity being 20,000 bushels. They are among the most active and enterprising business men in this part of the State, and have from ten to twelve efficient assistants employed. Our subject \vas born in Lake county, In- diana, dune 2, 1859, and spent his boyhood days from the time he was six until he was CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 593 nineteen in Illinois. When he was nineteen he came with his parents to Sac county, Iowa, and settled on a farm. His common-school education was supplemented with a course in the German and English College at Galena, Illinois, where he graduated in the class of 1883. In 1885, as above stated, he and his brothers engaged in the grain business, and their career has thus far been one of marked success. They own a farm of 240 acres on Maple river, north of Ida Grove, in sections 11 and 12, Logan township, which is devoted to the cultivation of grain. Mr. J. G. Wal- ter recently purchased a residence in Ida Grove, which he enlarged by adding thereto, and in which he and his family now reside. Mr. Walter was married November 10, 1887, to Miss Flora Petersmeyer, a native of Lake county, Indiana, and a daughter of F. and Lydia Petersmeyer, residents of Odebolt, Sac county, Iowa. They have two children: Wilmotand Edna. Mr. and Mrs. Walter are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Ida Grove, he being a Trustee and Steward of the same. Politically, he is a stanch Re- publican. Socially, he has a membership in Kane Lodge, No. 377, A. F. & A. M. B. STALLER, a resident of section 6, Washington township, near Denison, ;a Iowa, is the subject of the present sketch. He is one of the early settlers of the county, an ex-soldier and came here in 1875. He was born in Pine's Church, near Carlisle, in the Cumberland valley. Dickinson town- ship, Pennsylvania, February 25, 1832. He was a son of Henry Staller, who was also a native of Pennsylvania, son of one of the old German settlers of that State. The mother of our subject, Becky (Linen) Staller, also came of an old Pennsylvania- German family, and Mr. and Mrs. Staller had three children, as follows: Samuel B., Mary and William; and the parents lived in Carlisle at the time of their death, the mother now being buried at Burt Tavern. Our subject was reared on a farm and at an early age learned the trade of black- smith, which he followed at Pine Grove, Pennsylvania, for some years. Before the war he removed [to Warren, Illinois, and there in 1861 he enlisted in the Eleventh Illinois Cavalry, Company K, and served un- til November, 1862, when he was taken prisoner at Lexington, Tennessee. Upon pa- role he returned to Illinois, but later returned to Pennsylvania, and in 1863 he re-enlisted in the Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Com- pany L, and took part in the Peninsula Cam- paign, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and other engagements. While there he had a partial sunstroke and since that time he has never been able to labor in the hot sun. In 1865 he was honorably discharged, and re- turned to his home in Pennsylvania, and then returned to his Illinois home. In 1869 our subject came to Iowa, settlincr near Des Moines within two miles of the capital, and in 1878 he came to the place where he now resides, and was one of the early settlers of the township. There were no houses between his and Coon Grove at that time and all the place was new and but sparse- ly settled. At this time our subject has 124 acres, well-improved and stocked. His resi- dence is a very comfortable one, 12 x 20, a story and a half, with an L, 14x16, and this is surrounded by a beautiful lawn and grove of two acres. His barn is 20 x 40 and his granary 14x18, and all of these buildings are in the best condition. 594 i:l(>i;i;.\l'HICAL B1BT0BT OF Mr. Staller was married February 1<>, L863, t" .Mis. Catherine Rose, the widow of Francis Rose, who was bom in Rock Islam] and died in Warren county in 1862, Leaving her with three children: Lewie I'.. Mary Sisley and Sarah. The maiden name of Mrs. Staller was Catherine Martin, who was born in Erie, Pennsylvania, a daughter of a French musician in a martial hand of Napoleon's. Her mother was named Re- becca Moore and she died at the age of eighty-four years, and the father in Illinois at the age of seventy-one. They had a family of ten children, five Bons and five daughters, and an adopted son, William, aged twenty- three years. Our subject is a good Repub- lican. ■i/i/ls—y£-s?/ins^~ ?I>. ('<><>( 'II, a farmer of Douglas town- ship, Ida county, was born in Butler ° county, Ohio, July 12, 1835, a son of Thomas and Katie ( I )cein) Cooch, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Kentucky. They were among the early pioneers of Butler county, Ohio, where they both died. J. D. Cooch, our subject, remained in his native county until 1856, when he located near Cambridge, Henry county, Illinois, re- maining there about thirteen years. He next settled eight miles southeast of New- ton. Jasper county, Iowa, where he purchased and remained on a farm of L20 acres about six years, and was then in Colfax county, Nebraska, fonr years. Mr. Cooch spent the following season in Carroll county, Iowa, three miles north of (Hidden, two years near ( Ireen field, Adair county, one year near Shel- by, shelb\ county, next in Fillmore county, Nebraska, Eour yearo in Geneva, that State, three years in Hand county, Dakota, three years in G-alva, [da county, Iowa, and in 1891 came to Douglas town.-diip. Ida county. He purchased one of the best improved farms in the township, consisting of 35s acres, where he has a good two-story residence, other fine buildings, and is engaged in gen- eral farming and stock-raising. Mr. Cooch was married in Henry county, Illinois, to Miss Mary McCown. a native of Ohio, and a daughter of William and Anna Mc< own. To this union has been born six children: Cora, Emma, Th as, Frank, Retta and Charley. In his political views, our sub- ject is identified with the Republican party, and socially, is a member of the I. ( >. ( >. P., of Cushing, Iowa. Religiously, Mrs. Cooch is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which she is an active worker. Mr. Cooch is frank and cordial in his man- ner, and takes an interest in everything for the good of his county. IIOMAS FITZGIBBONS, proprietor of the livery, sale and feed barn of Vail, was born in Pock Bland county, Illi- nois, in 1864, a son of John and Mary Jane (Butler) Fitzgibbons, who resided in that county until their death. At the age of seventeen years our subject removed to Clar- ence, Cedar county, Iowa, where he attended school for a time, and in 1882 came to Vail. lie bas one of the Leading and popular barns in Crawford county, which is located near the business center of Vail. He has ten or twelve good driving horses, fine carriages and his facilities for feeding and caring for li are firsl cl Mr. Fitzgibbons was united in marriage with Katie McDonnell, a native of Clinton CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 59") county, Iowa. They have one child, Myrtle May. Our subject is a Democrat in his poli- tical relations; is an intelligent, active and honest man, and a jovial and popular citizen. ►3*+H »||||ILLIAM G. WILSON, a prominent '.l/iw') resident of Willow township, near c^psf-J Charter Oak, Iowa, is the subject of this sketch. He has been a resident of this county since 1883, and was born in Cass county, Iowa, May 1C, 1858. He was the son of K. H. Wilson, now a respected citizen of Wheeler's Grove, Potts county, who was born in Ohio, the son of John Wilson, of Scotch ancestors. The mother of our subject was Julia Ann Bartels, who was born in Ful- ton county, Illinois, and was a daughter of Frederick Bartels, a native of Illinois, of Ger- man ancestry. K. II. and Julia Ann Wilson reared fourteen children, thirteen of whom are yet living, viz.: Minerva; John; Henry; Albert, who died from being overcome by damp in a well at the age of thirty -five years; Joe and Mary, twins; William G., Julia Tilda, George, Walter, Jane, Mary and Casper. The father is now sixty-six years of age, and has been a farmer and a merchant. In his politics he is a Republican, and in his religion he belongs to the Methodist Church, in which he is joined by all of the family except one. Our subject was reared upon the farm, and engaged in farm work, and also worked in the Cass Mills in Fotts county, and received his education in the common schools of Iowa. He came here from Fotts county, where he had lived for several years, near Wheeler's grove, where he bought land with a brother. In 1889 he bought his present farm of 160 acres of T. J. Garrison This place is well adapted as a stock farm, and is located two and three-fourth miles southeast of Charter Oak, and is in a good neighborhood. Here he has built good buildings, and now has one of the best improved farms in the district. His great barn was built in 1891 at a cost of $585, and is 26x38, with 18-foot posts. His beautiful house is in Gothic style, erected in 1892,14x24 feet, one and one half stories, with L, 14 x 16, and a bay window relieving one side. Surrounding the place is a fine grove, with orchards and meadows, and all the buildings which usually accompany a well- regulated farm. All of his land is well watered by creek and springs, and he has the water piped to accommodate the stock. He raises only the best horses and cattle, and the Poland-China hogs. Our subject was married October 30,1884, at Denison, Iowa, to Mrs. Fanny La May, the widow of William La May. She had one son, Arthur, and her maiden name was Over- lander, born in Knox county, Illinois, near Yates City, and was the daughter of Jacob and Abigail (Case) Overlander, he living near Mt. Ayr, in Ringgold county, Iowa, although he was born in Illinois. The mother is de- ceased and left four children: Mary, Laura, Almeda and Fanny. In politics our subject is a Republican, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Church. He is a popular man, genial and pleasant in all of the relations of life, much respected in a business way, as well as socially. < m& > Z. BAURICK, a successful farmer of Sac county, was born in Northum- a berland county, Virginia, August 15. 1848, a son of William F. and Sarah (Brnm- ley) Barrick, natives also of Virginia. The father was a member of an old and prominent 596 BIOOJtM'IHGAt. IllSTOIiY OF family, ami the mother waB of German an- cestry. The former was a farmer by occupa- tion, a Democrat in his political views, and religiously, a preacher of the Baptist Church. He died when our Bubject was seven years old. (i. '/.. Barrick was but a babe when liis mother died, and he was reared by hia grand mother Barrick, on a farm, until fourteen years of a^e. He received a limited educa- tion in the common schools, and foranumber of rears was employed ii; oysteringon Chesa- peake bay [n 1*71 lie came West to Piatt county, Illinois; later to DeWitt county, and in 1ST* came to Sac county, Iowa. He was one of the first settlers in this township, where he now owns a well-improved farm of 160 acres. with a good dwelling, 11 x 21 feet, and an L, 14x16 feet, one and a half stories high, with kitchen. 10x12 feet; also a good barn, and all the necessary farm buildings, and every- thing about his place shows the thrift and prosperity of the owner, lie also has an apple orchard of ninety trees, most of them bearine fruit, and an abundance of small fruit; also a good grove. March IS. 1S75, he was united in marriage to Miss Clarissa liailey, who was born April 18, 184 ( .>, in Greene county, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Joab and Pleasant Jane (Rob- erts) Bailey, who were born, reared and edu- cated in Pennsylvania, and afterward moved to DeWitt county. Illinois, where they were prominent and well-known citizens. Mrs. Barrick was the eldest child in a family of eight children, six of whom grew to man- hood and womanhood, two having died in in- fancy. At this writing (1893), two brothers and a sister are the sole survivors of this once large family. She was two years of age when arriving at DeWitt county, Illinois; here she was reared and educated. Joab Pailey was a soldier in the late war. serving as drummer in the One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Infantry, and remains two years and eleven months. While in service his company was stationed at ("amp Douglas eighteen months, and at the close of the struggle, was honorably discharged. He then returned to his home and family, arriving there July 4, 1865. Being a man of excel- lent educational abilities, he taught school in the home of his youth and also in De Witt county, Illinois. He was a farmer by occu- pation; a Republican politically, and was a member of the Methodist Protestant Church. lie died April 26, 1869, at forty-six years of age, his wife following him April 18, 1876, aged forty-nine years. Our subject and wife have "one daughter, Mary Leota, born May 11, 1882,'and the town of Leota was named in her honor. Politically, Mr. Barrick affiliates with the Republican party, and he, his wife and daughter are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is a Trustee. AI.M< >X SELLEY, a successful farmer of Sac county, was born in Oneida county. New York, in 1840, a son of William Selley, a native of England. Talmon was a lad of ten years when he removed to Kane county, Illinois, later located in Am- boy, Lee county, that State, and was there reared to farm life. May 24, 1861, ho en- listed in the Thirteenth Illinois Infantry, and served three years and eight months. His regiment was at Rolla, Missouri, and in the enirajrements airainst Generals Price ami Mar- maduke, in the Southwest and in the vicinity of the Ozark mountains. He participated in the battles of Helena, Yickshurg, Chickasaw CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 597 Bayou, Arkansas Post, Jackson and Black River Bridge. After the close of the strug- gle Mr. Selley returned to Putnam county, Illinois, but in 1881 purchased his present farm of 120 acres in Delaware township, Sac county, Iowa. His place is now under a tine state of cultivation, has a good, modern dwelling, 14 x 24 feet, with an L, 14 x 22 feet, and a beautiful grove and orchard. In February, 1868, in Putnam county, Illinois, our subject was united in marriage to Miss Cornelia Hamm, a native of Co- lumbia county, New York, and a daughter of Henry and Catherine (Coons) Hamm, na- tives also of that county. The father died in 1890, aged seventy-three years, and the mother is still living at the age of seventy- five years. They were the parents of seven children, five sons and two daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Selley have no children of their own, but have raised one boy, Albert Allen, and are now caring for Willie Brown. Polit- ically, Mr. Selley affiliates with the Republi- can party; and socially, is a member of the G. A. R., McDowell Post, of Early. Mrs. Selley is a member of the Methodist Church and was Superintendent of the Sunday-school. P. BULLOCK, a farmer of Douglas township, Ida cpunty, was born in St. 9 Lawrence county, New York, July 21, 1838, a son of Daniel B. Bullock, a na- tive of Fulton county, that State. His father, also named Daniel, was a soldier in the war of 1812. The mother of our subject, nee Eunice Buckley, was also boru in* New York, a daughter of Peter Buckley, a native of Connecticut. Mr. and Mrs. Bullock were the parents of eight children, five now living, two sons and three daughters. The father 43 died in Kansas in his sixty-sixth year, and the mother still resides in Lee county, Illi- nois, aged eighty-two years. The former was a Republican in his political views, and was a member of the Methodist Church, in which be was a local minister. D. P. Bullock, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in New York to the age of fifteen years, when he located near Sycamore, De Kalb county, Illinois, and was employed in farming until the fall of 1861, when, at St. Charles, Illinois, he enlisted in the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, Company K, under Captain E. J. Farnsworth, in the well- known fighting regiment which was stationed in Virginia. Mr. Bullock took part in 300 battles and skirmishes, notably those at Antietam, seven days' fight before Richmond, Gettysburg, where his captain was killed; and was honorably discharged in 1864, as Corporal. H e then remained in Lee county, Illinois, one year, next located on Indian land in Cherokee county, Kansas, seven years later commenced work in the car-shops of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, in Aurora, Illinois, and in 1880 purchased eighty acres of land in Douglas township, Ida county, Iowa. His farm is now under a fine state or cultivation. Mr. Bullock was married December 1, 1870, in Cherokee county, Kansas, to Miss Delia E. Lake, a native of Somonauk, De Kalb county, Illinois, and a daughter of Thomas D. and Sarah A. (Skinner) Lake, the former a native of St. Lawrence county, New York, and the latter of Pennsylvania. The father was a soldier in both the Mexican and civil wars. He now resides in dishing, Woodbury county, Iowa. Our subject and wife have had four sons: Frank, deceased at the age of eight months; Alfred II., born at Aurora, Illinois, October 22, 1873, now at- HWGli.U'IIIi'M. HI8T0RT OF tending .-cliool at Carroll, Iowa; Walter D., born at Amboy, Illinois, April 11. 1876;and George, in Lee county, Illinois, December 22, 1879. Mr. Bnllock votes with the Re- nublican party, has served as Justice of the Peace, as Trustee two or three terms, Assessor one term, and as a memher of the School Board most of the time since coming to this count)-. He takes an active interest in edu- cation and religion, and is earnestly promot- ing tlie welfare of the community in which he resides. Religiously, both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Church at dishing. Iowa. -^XfiSlSu- ■ / ssi^ [LARKE COX, a leading fanner and stn<-k-raiser of Coon Valley township, is one of the proyi t>.-si ve ami repre- sentative men of that section of country. He was horn in JacksOD county, Indiana, duly 25. 18:j'.t. son of Aimer and Sarah (Shoe- maker) Cox, natives of Knoz county, Ken- tucky, and Jackson county, Indiana. The father was a son of Solomon Cox, a memher of an old Kentucky family, while the mother of our subject was a daughter of dame- Shoe- maker. Our subject was a boy of three when the family removed to Henry county, Iowa. Later they located near Oskaloosa, Mahaska county, [ow.i. about 1844, and were among the early settlers of that place. In 1^31 they removed to Polk county, Iowa, locating nine miles north of Des Moines, which was then only a small hamlet. All the surrounding country was wild: game abounded, and even elk were shot by OUr subject. The father died in this county, aged eight] one years. By occupation he was a farmer, and in poli- ties a 1 >enioerat. Like nearly all farmers" sons, our subject was reared to an agricultural life, attending the common schools in the winter. August 10, 1861, he eidisted tor three years, or the entire war, in the Tenth Iowa Infantrj ; was made a veteran in the same company and regiment, and received his honorable dis- charge at Little Rock, Arkansas, August 15, 1865, being paid off at Davenport, Iowa. Mr. Cox was first under fire at Charleston, Missouri; then partipated in the siege of Vickshurg, Champion Hill, Black River Bridge, Island No. 10,New Madrid, Corinth and luka. He also took part in the memor- able march to the sea, under General Sher- man, to Savannah, the Carolina campaign, went on to Raleigh, thence to Washington, District of Columbia, where he participated in the grand review. At the close of the war he returned to Polk county, Iowa, and resumed his peaceful occu- pation in farming. He came to Sac county in 1885, locating in Coon Valley township, where he purchased 101) acres of land, to which he ha8 .-iuce added twenty-six and one- half acres, all of which is in a good Btate of cultivation. His comfortable home lias di- mensions of 16x24 feet, while the barn is a commodious one, 34x42 feet, with 16-foot posts. The crib shed is 24 x "J 1 Eeet. The farm is well watered and adapted to stock- raising. In addition to his other products, Mr. Cox raises some fine fruit in his two acre orchard, and also has some good varieties of small fruit. A good grove on the farm affords grateful shade during the summer, and a protection during the winter Erom the u ind. Mr. Cox was married October 11. 1*66. in l'olk county, Iowa, to Mary Howard, born in Marion county, Indiana, daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Sulgrove) Howard, who moved CRAWFORD, IDA AND HAG COUNTIES. 599 in an early day to Van Buren county, Iowa, then to Wapello county, Iowa, finally settling in Polk county, Iowa. They had nine chil- dren, eight of whom are still living, four sons and four daughters. One of these, John S., of Cedar township, this county, was in the late war, while another one of the family, Ovi, wife of Thompson Lane, is a resident of Jackson township. Three children have been born to our subject and wife, namely: Eleanor E., Sarah and Naomi. Mr. Cox is independ- ent in politics, although formerly a Republican. Socially, he is connected with the G. A. R. Post, of Polk county, Iowa. lie has the characteristics of an old soldier, frank and cordial in manner, and a warm friend to all public enterprises calculated to improve the township. f HO MAS DICKSON, a farmer of sec- tion 34, Crawford county, was born in ^ Penobscot county, Maine, in 1840, a son of Robert and Margaret (Bancroft) Dick- son, natives, respectively, of England and Massachusetts. When a young man the father removed to Canada, thence to Maine, next to Boston, in 1850 returned to Maine., afterward went to Rock Island county, PH- nois, in 1854 to Scott county, Iowa,, then to Clinton, Clinton, county, and next to Craw- ford county, where he died about 1882. The mother died about 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Dickson were the parents of eleven children, viz: Mary, wife of Amos Hamlin, of Moline, Illinois; Edward, of Clinton, Iowa; Robert, who is married and resides in Coun- cil Bluffs; William, who was killed in Chica- go; Martha, a resident of this county; Thomas, our subject; Arthur; Albert; Margaret, wife of Hugh Gass, of Clinton, Iowa; Alexander, of Council Bluffs; and Frank, deceased, was an engineer by occupation. Thomas Dickson was reared in Maine to the age of ten years, and was educated in the schools of that State, Massachusetts, and in Scott county, Iowa. After removing to Massachusetts he was employed in a factory at Lawrence; at the age of fifteen years went to Scott county, Iowa, in 1873 to Benton county, same State, and in 1875 bought 160 acres of his present farm in Crawford county, he has added to li is original purchase until he now owns 320 acres, where he has a good two-story dwelling, 16 x 24 feet, with an L, 12 x 18 feet. In addition to his farming in- terests, he is also engaged in stock-raising to some extent. Politically, Mr. Dickson affili- ates with the Republican party, and has served as a member of the School Board. He was married in Benton county, Iowa, in 1873, to Miss Jane Charles, a native of Cookstown, England, and a daughter of Samuel and Mary (Charles) Charles, also na- tives of that country. The father died in England, and the mother still resides there. Mrs. Dickson came to America with a brother. Our subject and wife have three sons: An- drew, William .Thomas and Chester. Mr. Dickson is one of the early pioneers of Han- over township, and has always taken an act- ive part in everything for the good of his county . H. B O G E T T .—Since 1873, Cedar township, Sac co.inty, Iowa, has been ^M Q the home of our subject. He was born on the Susquehanna river, in Montour county, Pennsylvania, July 25, 1839, a son of John Boyett, who was born in Columbia county. Pennsylvania, and he was a son of <;oo BIOGRAPHICAL BISTORT OF God fret Bogett, a aative of Holland, who served in tliis country in the war of I s 12. The mother of our Buhject was, named in her maiden days, Mary Garmour, born in Schuyl- kill county, Pennsylvania, and both her par- ents diecl in Montour county. The Father was twice married, rearing eight children hy the first marriage and two l>y the second, and three are now living. Our subject was the youngest child by the first marriage. One of his brothers, Aaron, was a member of a Pennsylvania regiment in the late war, and now lives in Montour coun- ty, Pennsylvania. Our subject was reared to farm life, receiving his education in the excellent schools of his native State. In 1865 he removed to St. Joseph, Michigan, where he lived tor two years, engaged in farming, and then removed to Mercer county, Illinois, where he lived for some time, but in 1870 moved to Story county, Iowa, lor two years lie lived near Ames in that county, and then removed to Sac county, Iowa, where he set- tled upon eighty acres of wild land. This land he has opened up and improved, and he now owns 160 acres in Coon and Cedar Val- ley townships. This land is under a high state of cultivation, and our subject has a nice home. The cottage is 14 x 28 feet, with an L, 18 x 28, and this is surrounded hy a tine grove ami an excellent orchard. Tlfe grove is a feature of the place, containing maple, willow, box-elder and cotton wood trees. Besides this, our subject has had the wisdom to set out a large amount of small fruit, and thus provide an abundance of de- licious berries, etc., tor the table. At this plac" may he found all the indications of a | good fanner; a bar I), :!0 \ 5^ feet, with sheds, yard.-, feed hits, and all of this is well fenced and well adapted to stock-raising and feed Our subject was married February 26, 1863, in Montour county, Pennsylvania, to Miss Agnes Stettler. who was born in Mni tour county, a daughter of Joshna and Eliza- beth (Cowsley) Stettler, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania, and are now de- ceased, the father in Pennsylvania, and the mother at White Pigeon, St. Joseph county, Michigan. They reared a family of six chil- dren, one 6on and five daughter-. Our subject and wife had one daughter, Kegina, who died at the age of two and one- half years. Our subject has taken an inter- est in politics, votes with the Democratic party, and has served in the various local offioe8 in the gift of the party. As a incur ber of the School Hoard and as Township Clerk he has given complete satisfaction. He and his excellent wife are among the hon- ored pioneers of Sac county. He has always taken a deep interest in all that tends to the advancement of the county. -:-.: II.O.M FOSDIOK, a farmer of Wall /\ v /flP Lake township, Saccounty, was bom ~^iW^ in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, January 13, 1842, a son of Harry Fosdick, a native of Cazenovia, New York. The hitter's lather, John Fosdick, was a native of France, and a soldier in the Revolutionary war. The ther of our subject, nee Poly Francisco, was horn in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, a daughter of John b'rancisco. Mr. and Mrs. Fosdick were the parent.- of twelve children, si\ sous and six daughters, and two of the sons took part in the late war. Leroy was a member of the Fifth Iowa Infantry, was wounded, and now resides at Wichita. Kan- sas. The father died at Woodstock, Mcllenry CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 601 county, Illinois, in 1886, aged seventy-one years, and the mother still resides in that city. The former was a farmer by occupa- tion, and was identified with the .Republi- can party. Milom Fosdick, the subject of this sketch, was educated in the district schools of Mc- Ilenry county, Illinois. In August, 1862, at the call for 300,000 more volunteers, he enlisted in the Ninety-fifth Illinois Infantry, Colonel Church's regiment, for three years, and participated in the battles of Vicksburg, Black River Bridge, Haines' Bluff, under A. J. Smith, and on the Red River expedition. He was taken prisoner at Guntown, Missis- sippi, confined at Andersonville seven months, and at the time of his release weighed only eighty-six pounds. During that time he es- caped from the prison, but was recaptured by bloodhounds. Mr. Fosdick was paroled and returned home for seventy days, after which he joined his regiment at New Orleans and took part in the battle of Mobile. During his service he received a charge of buckshot, breaking the left hip; also a flesh wound in the right arm. After his discharge, in 1865 he returned to Woodstock, Illinois, and in 1879 came to Wall Lake township, Sac county, Iowa. He now owns eighty acres of land and residence property in Douglas township, and is also the owner of property in Early, Sac county, Iowa. In Woodstock, Illinois, at the age of twenty-seven years, our subject was united in marriage with Lany Singer, a native of Mcllenry county, Illinois, and a daughter of Jacob Singer. To this union have been born three children: Harry J., Jay M. and Herbert Logan. The great loss of Mr. Fosdick's life was in the death of his wife, who died July 12, 1890. Our subject takes an active inter- est in politics, and has served as a member of the School Board. Socially, he is a mem- ber of the William T. Sherman Post, No. 284, of Sac City, of which he was elected Officer of the Day five times by acclamation; of the Masonic order at Lake View, and of the I. O. O. F.. No. 323, of Sac City. He is one of the representative men of Sac county. C. ZUPF, a farmer of section 3, Doug- las township, was born in Lancaster a county, Pennsylvania, September 18, 1835, a son of George Peter Zupp, a native of Paris, France. The latter was a veter- inary surgeon by profession, and was a sol- dier under Napoleon Bonaparte, also in the Mexican war. He married Elizabeth Zen- der, and they afterward came to America, locating in Pennsylvania. When our sub- ject was three years of age they went to Wyandot county, Ohio, and three years later to Hillsdale county, Michigan. The mother died in Ohio, leaving a family of seven children, viz.: W. Z.; George P., who served in an Ohio regiment in the late war; Chris- tiana; Margaret; Caroline; Henry, a resident of Michigan; C. C; and John, who served in the Eighteenth Michigan Infantry, and is now deceased. The father died in Michigan. C. C. Zupp, our subject, was reared to farm life, and educated in the district schools. At the opening of the late war he enlisted in the Eighteenth Michigan Infantry, and after its close returned to Michigan, thence to Buchanan county, Iowa, and in 1869 to Douglas township, Ida county. At that time this county cast only thirty-two votes, and only three families resided in Douglas town- ship, the Moorehead home being the only house between Mr. Zupp's farm and Ida Grove. Our subject experienced the hard- ships common to pioneer life. (!02 8WGRAPHI0AL UlsTiUiY OF Ec was firsl married a1 the age of nineteen years, to Jennie Crawfoot, a native of New York, and a daughter of Seth and Ami Eliza Crawfoot. To this union was born two chil- dren: A. D., of Nebraska, and Ida. In 1867 Mr. Zupp was united in marriage with Julia Crawfoot, a sister of his former wife, and they have had the following children : Jennie wife of M.G. Sherman, of Gushing, Iowa; Jessie; Will; Blanche, wife of Charles Eerrington; Belle, now Mrs. Mertell; and Pearl, at home. The wife and mother died in 1883, having been a consistent member of the Methodist Church. In his political views, Mr. Zupp votes with the Republican party, and has served as Constable, Trustee and a member of the School Board. Be is one of the early pioneers of Ida county, and is frank and cordial. ^^^*£^^ R. DUNN, a farmer and stock-raiser of section 23, Logan township, Ida >tli- cial positions. Socially, beis a member of the G. A. \l. William Baker Post, No. 298, of Correctionville. Mr. and Mrs. Harrison are numbered among the prominent and early pioneers of Ida county. SA. LCTSK, of the firm of Lusk iV Davis, dealers in dry goods, shoes and ° carpets, Ida Grove, Iowa, is one of the leading business men of the town. This tirm occupies the first floor and basement, each 25 x 100 feet, in National Block, which were fitted up expressly for their use in 1MI2. and carry there a very extensive stock of goods, making a specialty of carpets. They employ three efficient assistants in the store. The business was -tarted in 1881, and is now one the best concerns of its kind in the county. Mr. Lusk, the head member of the above firm, is a native of western New York, horn in 1858. son of I. C. and M. C. (Shaw) Lusk. His mother is deceased. His father, a minis- ter in the Methodist Episcopal Church, is a resident of this State. In April. 1868, the Lusk family came to Iowa, and for five years made their home in Jones comity; thence removed to Jackson county. The subject of our sketch attended the public schools, and completed his education with one year at Cornell College. When he was fifteen he be- gan clerking, entering the employ of his present partner, II. .1. Davis, by whom he was engaged as clerk until 1*81. As above stated, they formed a partnership at that time and opened business at [da Grove, and of this establishment Mr. Lusk has since had charge. He has worked up an extensive trade here, and is justly deserving of the large patronage he receives. During the years he has resided at [da Grove, Mr. Lusk has thoroughly identified himself with its best interests, socially, n i litically and otherwise. He is a Knight Tom plar .Mason, holding membership in Rose Croix Com inandery, at Sac City, and his chap- ter and blue lodge membership in Syria Chap- ter, No. Kil, and Kane Lodge, No. :577,at Ida Grove. Is also a Hast Grand and Past Sigh Priest in the Subordinate and Encampment brandies of the I. O. O. F., and has taken an active part of the work of this order. He lias been a member of the City Board of Aldermen nine consecutive years, and for three years has been Chairman of the City Water Board. He affiliates with the Republican party. Mr. Lusk was married in Jackson county, Iowa, in 1879, to Miss Ola Fish, a native of Iowa. They have two children: Edith and Brnce, born in 1885 and 1887. They have a pleasant home on Taylor street, and the entire family are highly esteemed by all who know them. It'll A UD WILLIAMS, County Com- missioner of Ida county, Iowa, was born in Schuylkill county. Pennsylvania, in 1845, the youngest child of Thomas and Margaret (Watters) Williams, natives of Cornwall, England. In 1839 the parents left their native land for the United States, lo- cating in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, where the father was engaged in mining coal, leaving there in 1854 to enter the employ of a London Mining Company of east Ten ne8see. He next worked for that co npany in Carroll county. Virginia, and in 1856 pur- chased a farm in Jo Daviess county. Illinois, where he died March 10, 18t>4. He lost his wife by death in is I s . and he afterward CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 605 married Amelia Tonkin, who now resides in M areus, Iowa. To the first union were born four children: Thomas S., married, and en- gaged in mining in Minnesota; William H., married Grace Williams Fletcher, now de- ceased, and engaged in the same occupation in Nevada; Patience, wife of B. F. Aiken, of Grant township; and Richard, our subject. By their second marriage there were the fol- lowing children: Zachariah, married and re- sides in Marcus, Iowa; James, of the same place; Susan, wife of John Burns, of Da- kota; and John, a fanner of Plymouth county, Iowa. Richard Williams, our subject, was reared and educated in Jo Daviess county, Illinois. From that county, in October, 1864, he en- listed in Battery F, First Illinois Light Ar- tillery, for one year, or during the war, and served principally with Battery I. He took part in the battles of Nashville, followed Hood to Eastport, Mississippi, where he was on garrison duty, and was honorably dis- charged at Chicago in August, 1865. After the close of the struggle, our subject resumed farming in Jo Daviess county, Illinois. In 1868 he removed to Boone county, Iowa, where he engaged in farm labor, and also as- sisted in building the Illinois Central railroad from Webster to Sioux City, in this State. In 1875 Mr. Williams purchased 160 acres of raw prairie land in Grant township, Ida county, which he immediately began improv- ing, and erected a one-story house. In 1890 he built his present two-story residence, 28x30 feet, with a wing, 14x16 feet, and has added to his original purchase until he now owns 240 acres in a good state of culti- vation. Our subject assisted in organizing Grant township, also every school district in the township, takes an active part in the Republican party, and in 1891 was elected County Commissioner, being the only one elected on that ticket in that fall. He has also served as Township Trustee, and is now Treasurer of the School Board. In his social relations, he is a member, of Matthew Gray Post, G. A. R., No. 259, and of Ida Grove Lodge, I. O. O. F. In Boone county, Iowa, in May, 1872, Mr. Williams married Miss Angeline Ewer, a native of Wisconsin, a daughter of Ruel and Ellen (Wamsley) Ewer, natives of En- gland. In an early day the parents came to the United States, to Grant county, Wiscon- sin, but in 1869 made their home in Boone county, Iowa. The father enlisted in the late war from the former county, and died of dis- ease contracted in the service. The mother now resides in Buffalo county, Nebraska. Our subject and wife have eight children: T. F., Ellen, William H., Rosa, Albert Grant, Clara, Omer and Charley. Mr. Williams is one of the earliest pioneers of Grant township, there having been only one house between his home and Ida Grove when he located in the county, and he has made what he now owns by industry and frugality. ^ENRY BELL, the gentleman whose name heads this sketch is the son of one of the pioneers of Crawford county, Sandland Bell. The latter gentleman came to this county in 1858. He was a native of Scotland, where lie was reared to farm life and where he married Mary Jeffery. He and his wife brought, eight children to this coun- try and settled in Harrison county, Iowa, for a year, and then came to Crawford county, where the father died. Henry is one of the youngest children, born in 1849 in Scotland and came to Amer- out; hkkium'HIcal HI8T0BT OF ca with his parents, where he was broughl up Id farm life. He received his education in the public schools of the district, and at the age of twenty one began fanning for himself. In 1880 he came to Dow City and opened a meat market and grocery, operating this business for ten years. I hiring this time he was engaged in buying and shipping stock. In 1890 lie sold out his stock and goods and since that time has been looking after his farm and property interests. The farm lies in I'nion township and is eighty acres in extent, well improved by him. It is now rented. Mr. Bell lias always taken an active part in public affairs, being in sympathy with the Democratic party and now holds the posi- tion that has been his for the past six years, of Deputy Sheriff, lie is a member of M. W. of A., No. 1189. Mr. Hell was married January, 1885, to Ida Crandall, born in Shelby county, Iowa, 1806. They have two children: Mary E., Helen B. The family are among the most worthy representative citizens of the county. -^vw/2,- 1/mnsv f< )I1N KKI.l.Y is one of the leading and representative men of Crawford county. He has been a resident of the county since 18*37. His birth took place in county ( Hare, Ireland, in about 18:57. He is the son of Thomas and Caroline (King) Kelly, both of whom died in this country, the father in Missouri and the mother in Canada. The family came to America when the subject was a small hoy of five years. He was reared in Clinton county, Iowa, and at an early age learned the blacksmith trade, which he fol- lowed after he came into this county, for some five years. He then moved to his farm, which he had bought in 1869. This was in 1872 and the farm was Located in Washing- ton township and was all wild land, consist ing of 1* JO acres. This he placed under good cnltivation and he built a house, barns, etc., and in 1870 he sold this place and then pur- chased a tract of land on section 32 and 83 in Denison township, consisting of 240 acres. This was also wild land and upon it our sub- ject made another home. He kept on until he had one of the finest farms in Denison township. lie made his home on this farm until March, 181H, when he moved to his present home, just south of the corporate limits. Here he lias forty acres and a fine comfortable home. In the spring of 1 s '. t "2 he sold his farm of 240 acres. Mr. Kelly has always been a general farm er and raises and breeds tine'Poland-China hogs and the shorthorn and Hereford cat- tle. He takes especial pains in his stock- breeding and is one of the best in the county, and has some splendid specimens. He gave up the cattle business in 1891 when he moved to his present home, and has given his attention to hogs. These are registered Poland-China. He markets the the most of his stock here, and for many years has done a good business in buying and shipping cat- tle. He is one of the leading agriculturists of the country and will indorse anything he thinks will benefit the county. Mr. Kelly is a wealthy and influential man now, but has had his share of the hard- ships ot life. He started out with a capital of nothing but pluck and energy, and has made them bring the other desirable things of life. He is one of the self-made men of 1 >euison. Our subject was married April 13, 1862, to Miss Bridget Rasp, a native of Canada. A family of seven children have grown up CI; AW FORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 607 around them: Thomas J., Mary A., Martin F., Marcus, Katie, Maggie and Hannah. Our subject is a stanch Democrat and has held the office of Road Supervisor, and has been a member of the Board of Education. He is an honored member of the Roman Catholic Church. -^isi/lft,- -q/ism^- fAMES LAW, a farmer of section 20, Douglas township, Ida county, was born in Ireland in 1849, a son of John and Margaret (Carson) Law, natives of the north of Ireland, and of Scotch descent. In 1850 the father left his native country for the United States, locating in Genesee county, New York, where he purchased and cleared a farm. The parents both still reside on the old homestead in that county. They were the parents of six children, viz.: Anna, wife of John Miller, of Attica, New York; James, our subject; Sarah, now Mrs. A. R. Gordon, of Sac county, Iowa; William, single, and re- sides in New Mexico, where he has been in the employ of a railroad since sixteen years of age; Rosa, wife of Lawrence, of Batavia, New York; John, who came to Ida county in 1889, is married and resides on a farm. James Law, the subject of this biography, was reared in New York until twenty-one years of age, when, in 1871, he came to Iowa, receiving his education in Genesee county, New York, and Grinnell, Iowa. He was afterward engaged in farming in Poweshiek county until 1882, and in that year pur- chased 160 acres of unimproved land in Douglas township, Ida county. His place is now under a fine state of cultivation, with good residence, etc. In Poweshiek county, in 1878, Mr. Law was united in marriage to Delora Lachner, a native of Indiana, and a daughter of Charles Lamb. The latter was an early pioneer of Iowa, at one time resided in Harrison county, and is now deceased. Our subject and wife have four children: Emma, Ruth, Daisy and Lenny. Mr. Law takes an active part in the Republican party, has witnessed nearly the full development of Douglas township, and has always taken an active interest in every- thing for the good of both his township and county. jj^ C. GOODMAN, a farmer of Sac county, Iowa, was born in Birmingham, near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1849, a son of C. G. Goodman, a native of Germany, where he was also reared and edu- cated. He was a soldier in the German army. Mr. Goodman was married in his native country, and his wife died in Dubuque, Iowa, at the age of sixty years. The former is still living, aged seventy years. They were the parents of nine children, six sons and three daughters. H. C. Goodman, the subject of this sketch, was but two and a half years of acre when his parents located in Dubuque, this State, where he was reared and educated. He has been engaged in the lumber business in Minne- apolis, Minnesota, and from 1871 to 1874 in general merchandising in Dubuque, Iowa. In 1880 he came to Sac county, Iowa, where he now owns a good and well improved farm of 300 acres near Early. His residence, 24x28 feet, is located on a natural building site, and surrounded by a beautiful lawn. Five acres of his place are devoted to a grove and orchard, and he is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. In Dubuque county, Iowa, March 21,1877, Mr. Goodman was united in marriage to 608 BIOQRAPIIl' AL HISTOID' OF Rachel Einde, a native of Liverpool, En- gland, who came with her parents to this siat.- at the age "I' seven years, where she was reared ami educated. Ber parents were William ami Jane (Sell) Hindi', natives of the Isle of Man, England. They reared a family of six children, two sons ami Eonr daughters. William Einde was a native of England, ami his wife, Jane Sell, a native of the Isle of Man. The parents died in Dubuque county. Iowa. Our subject ami wife have two chil- dren: Henry W., born August 2, 18~'J; ami Bertha Alice, horn December 30, 1884. Po- litically. Mr. Goodman takes an active inter- est in the Republican party, has served as Township Clerk three terms, ami as Presi- dent of the School Board. iKI'MAN T< » W LE,a farmer of Sac coun- ty, Iowa, was born in Addison county, Vermont, A.ugust4, 1826, a son of Sam- uel 1'. Towle, a native of New Hampshire. The latter's father, Caleb Towle, was a mem- ber of an old New England family. The mother of our subject, formerly Lucinda Washburn, was born in Windsor county, Vermont, and her death occurred at the age of eighty-seven years. The father died at the age of eighty-four years, having been a farmer by occupation. Ue voted with the Repub- lican narty. ami was a member of the Uni- versalist Church. Mr. and Mrs. Towle were the parent- of seven children, five sons and two daughters. Two sons took part in the civil war: William Wallace, a member of a Vermont regiment; and Walter R.,in a Cali- fornia regiment. Truman Towle was reared to the vocation of a farmer, but in early life was engaged in teaching Bchool for several year.-, and served a- A-sessor and Superintendent of Common Schools. Ik' remained in the Mast until 1864, in that year removed to Boone county, Iowa, and two years later took a homestead of 160 acres in Delaware township, Sac county. Mr. Towle now owns 240 acres of rich anil well improved land, has one of the finest groves in the township, and a beautiful or- chard of two acre-. He was married in (io.-hcu, Vermont, De- cember 5, 1850, to Emily II. Blood, who was born, reared and educated in that State, a daughter of Charles and Fanny (Jeperson) in 1. natives of Massachusetts. Mrs. Towle died duly 16, 1890, and September 21, 1892, our subject married Mrs. Agnes W. Randall. a daughter of Samuel and Lucinda Winch) of New York State. Politically. Mr. Towle affiliates with the Republican pa'rty, has served as Township Trustee for twelve years, as Jus- tice of the Peace, and a member of the School Board. Socially, he is a member of the I. O. O. G. T., of Delaware Centre. ^LAUN ROCT1AN, a well-known and re- spected citizen of Galva township, re- sides on section 3. He has been a resi- dent of the township for fifteen years, and is one of the old settlers. Mr. Rochan was born in Germany, near I lol-tein, in 1842, a son of Bans and Cather- ine Rochan, both natives of Germany, where they lived and died. Our subject was reared and educated in his native country, but in I860 left the home of his youth and crossed the great water.- to America. His first loca- tion was in Davenport, Iowa, where he en- gaged in agricultural labors until 1877, when he came to Idaho, at which place he has since remained, residing on the 6ame farm he pur- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 609 chased at the time of location. Mr. Rochan now owns one of the substantial farms of the township, and has accumulated a large for- tune. The farm consists of 640 acres of well-improved land, on which is a comfortable and commodious farm residence, barn and outbuildings, surrounded by a beautiful grove and orchard. Mr. Rochan carries a fine grade of stock and horses, all of which is cared for in the best possible manner. Water is abundant, numerous creeks furnishing the necessary article to the stock. The North- western railroad runs through the farm, thereby greatly enhancing its value. Our subject was married in Davenport, Iowa, to Miss Minnie Bower, a native of Ger- many, who came to America with her parents when quite young. She was the daughter of Carl Bower, who resided in Davenport for a while, and then removed to Iowa county, where they both died. Ten children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Rochan, of whom seven are girls and three boys. Their names are as follows: Gusta, Herman, Annie, Lizzie, Minnie, Emma, Willie, Johnnie, Katy and Alice. In politics Mr. Rochan is a stanch Democrat, and an ardent supporter of the same. By his honest, upright dealings he has gained the respect and esteem of all who know him. The estimation of his character as an honorable citizen, by his fellow-towns- men, is shown by his election to the office of School Director, which office he is still holding. **/t/Znfr?/lrt^~ W. LOGAN/, a farmer of section \ 10. Douglas township, Ida county, ^^SS^ 9 was born in Crawford county, Penn- sylvania, in 1833, a son of Elliot Logan, a native also of that county. The lat*er was a son of Moses Logan, a native of the north of Ireland, who came to Crawford county, Pennsylvania, in a very early day. He made that county his home the remainder of his life, and took part in the war of 1812. The father of our subject was reared in Pennsyl- vania, and was there married to Rose Ann Thompson, a native of Mercer county, that State, and a daughter of John Thompson, a native of Ireland. He came to Mercer county in a very early day, and also took part in the war of 1812. Mr. Logan was the father of eight children, four of whom still survive: Martha, wife of L. Elwood, of Crawford county, Pennsylvania; Melinda, now Mrs. A. Keen, of Clay county, Kansas; M. W., our subject; and Ira, married, and resides in Buffalo, New York. The father died on the old homestead, in Pennsylvania, in 1858, and the mother survived him until 1882. M. W. Logan was reared and educated in his native county, where he afterward fol- lowed farming. In 1856 he engaged in the same occupation in Grand Yiew town- ship, Louisa county, Iowa; in 1859 pur- chased 120 acres of land in Washington county, this State; in 1864 embarked in the general mercantile business at Van Buren, Jackson county; in 1869 began the real-estate business in the same place, next followed contracting and building in Sabula for some time; in 1881 began farming in Tama county; and in 1886 came to Ida county. Mr. Logan immediately purchased 320 acres of land in Douglas township, which was improved by J. C. Averill, and has erected a good home, a barn, and has a beautiful orove of three acres. In 1860, in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, our subject was united in marriage with Mary Jane Stockton, a native of that county, and a daughter of Thomas and Sarah Jane (Wil- 610 llloHltM'HWAL HISTORY OF boii) Stockton, aativea of Venango county, Pennsylvania. In an early day they removed to Crawford county, where they .-pent the re- mainder of their days. Mr. and Mrs. Logan had three children: Lester, married, and lives OH a farm; Frank, at home; and Carrie, wife of Charley Primer, of Lyons, Clinton county, Iowa. The sons are engaged in farming and stock-raising with their father. The wife and mother (lie. l in September, L890. Mr. Logan takes an active interest in politics, voting with the Republican party, and has served in an official capacity in this and Jackson county. Socially, he is a mem her of the A. (). U. W., at Holstein, [owa. He has been identified with thi> State for thirty six years, has wit- nessed many changes in Ida county, and has always taken an active interest in everything for its good. [AVID W. NICHOLAS, a stock-buyer of Grant township, Ida county, wa s bom in Tioga county, Ohio, in 1838, a son of Dennis and Elizabeth (Watrous) N icholas. The father was horn and reared in New Hampshire, but in an early day re- moved with his father to Cleveland, Ohio, where the former lived the remainder of his life. In 1879 the father of our subject lo- cated in Adams county, Nebraska, where he died in April, 1891. The mother now resides at Kenesaw, that State. David W. Nicholas, our subject, removed to Janesville, Wisconsin, at the age of six veai-. where he was educated in the schools of Rock county. In 1848 he came to Fay- ette county, Iowa, and August 4, 1862, he enlisted in Company G, Thirty- eighth Iowa Infantry, lor three years, or during the war. lie was in the Western army, and took part in the battles of New Madrid, at the siesje of Vicksbarg, on the Red River campaign, at the battles of Lake Ponchertrain and Browns- ville, Texas, and was honorably discharged at Connersville, Louisiana, in 1866. After the close of the struggle Mr. Nicholas was en- gaged in buying horses at Denison, T for about three months, returned to Fayette county, Iowa; in 1867 went to Linn county, this State, and in 1873 catne to Grant town ship, Ida county, where he is engaged in buy- ing stock. Our subject was first married at Wes1 Union, Iowa, March 26, 1861, to Elizabeth Loot, a native of Tioga county, Ohio. They had three children, one of whom, Charles, is foreman for Armour & Co., and resides in Kansas City, Missouri. The wife and mother died in 1862. In 1882, in Grant township. Ida county, Mr. Nicholas married Rena Smith, now deceased. Socially, our subject is a member of Matthew Gray Post,G. A. R., of Ida Grove. 3T1RED A. KNOCK, Township Clerk of .'pi Douglas township, Ida county, was born T^ in Jackson county, Iowa, in 1861, a son of Henry and Lydia (Sergeant] Knock, natives of England. In 1855 they came to America, locatingin Jackson county, Iowa, where they purchased and improved a farm, and were identified with the interests of that county for thirty seven years. Fred A., the second of live children, was reared and educated in the district schools of his native county, also attending the graded Schools of Miles, .lackson county, for about four years. In 1NS2 he removed to Sac county, and in l^i to Douglas township, Ida county, where he has purchased and im- OBAWFoKD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 611 proved eighty acres of raw land. He has a good residence, 28 x 28 feet, a barn, 18 x 64 feet, and 24 x 40 feet, and his entire place is under a tine state of cultivation. Mr. Knock takes an active interest in politics, voting with the Republican party, and since 1888 he has held the position ot Township Clerk. Socially, he is a member of Cashing Valley Lodge, I. O. O. F., at dishing. In 1883, in Jackson county, Iowa, Mr. Knock married Miss Minnie Kimball, a native of that county, and a daughter of Lucius Kimball, a very early pioneer of Jackson county, where he still resides. Our subject and wife have two children: Elmer, attend- ing school in Jackson county, Iowa; and Eva. Mr. Knock has witnessed many changes in Ida county, and has always been identified with its interests, politically and otherwise. ^•w,-T|ILLIAM M. DANN, an intelligent '■ \/.\j| and successful farmer of Sac county, L-cfibH Iowa, whose energetic efforts have not only gained prosperity for himself, but have contributed materially to that of the county, was born on Long Island sound, August 4, 1817. He comes of patriotic an- cestors, who fought many hard battles for this country. His father, Jonathan Dann, was a native of Connecticut, and an efficient soldier in the war of 1812. His grand- father, Squire Dann, was of Scotch ancestry, and a brave soldier in the Revolutionary war. The mother of the subject of this sketch, whose maiden name was Mary Stevens, was also a native of Connecticut. Her father, John Stevens, was born in Vermont, and was a farmer by occupation. He died on the old homestead at the age of seventy-three years and the mother died in 1871. Mr. Stevens was a Republican in his political views and was an active worker in the Methodist Church. William M. Dann, whose name head this notice, was reared on a farm, and when twenty-one years of age went to Oneida county, New York. He, however, joined the westward tide of emigration, and, in 1845, settled in White Water, Walworth county, Wisconsin, of which he was one of the pio- neers, this country being then on the frontier of civilization. Here, he followed the coopers' trade for three years, after which he followed the same trade in Janesville, Rock county, two years. He then worked at his trade in FortlAtkinson, and ran a stave factory at the same time, some years, and manufactured a million staves. In 1872 he came to Sac county, Iowa. He engaged for about three years, with R. S. Gates, in the cattle busi- ness on Coon river in Jackson township, when, in 1877, he bought his present farm, which was then wild land, but which he has assiduously cultivated, until he now has 200 acres, and his son, Orey, 120, — all well im- proved. Eight acres are devoted to a tine grove, while he has an excellent orchard of an acre and a half, his farm being altogether one of the best in the county. Mr. Dann was married in 1847, at Dela- van, Wisconsin, by the Rev. Mr. Dudly, to Miss Lucinda Passage, a native of Schenec- tady, New York, who was educated in Genesee county, that State. Her father, John Passage, was also born in the Empire State, and his father, George Passage, was a native of New England, while the great-grandfather, also named George, came to Pennsylvania with William Penn. He and his father, also named George Passage, came from France, the elder gentleman having more than a million dollars in gold. They were aristo- cratic people and very wealthy. The elder 612 HhHiii.U'lllcM. HISTORY OF gentleman gave to his Bon, George, half of his wealth when liis aon bad reached the age of twenty-fonr years. The Latter then went to what is now culled Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania, and bought all the land on which that city now stands, part of which land he sold to William I'enn. He then encouraged set- tlers to locate on the portion of his property Mill remaining, for the purpose of inducing emigration to thai vicinity, but d?d not deed any of the land to those living on it. This young man once saw a German family on a boat coming from Germany, who had eleven daughters, lie selected one of these, who was one of the most beautiful of women, and told her parents he would give them $10,000 Eor ler, and he would buy a house large enough for the family to live in and hire a teacher to instruct her and leave her at home with her parents for three years, urtil she had completed her education at college, whet) he would marry her. This generous offer was accepted and the parents never afterward had reason to regret their action. Both their daughter and her husband lived to be a hun- dred years old, and rounded out in happiness an acquaintance most romantically begun. Mrs. Dann's mother was formerly Eleanor Correll, a native of New York and of Scotch ancestry. She and her husband had ten children, one of whom, a son, served in a California Oavaln Regiment in the civil war for about three years. George Passage. Mrs. Dann's brother re- ferred to, was born in Schenectady, New York, was in the hotel business three years in Castile, that State, and then for fifty years was a merchant at Delavan, Wisconsin. John Passage went to California, in 1851, overland. At one time he had togo fourdays with noth- ing to drink and nothing to eat but four biscuits, and the latter he kept in his pocket to the end of that awful journey, lest he might need them more in a still greater emergency. He also had some trouble with the Mormons. In California he made and spent a fortune, came back to Wisconsin, and re- turned to California, where he followed mining until the spring of 1802. lie then enlisted in the war, and alt hough he expected no pecuniary reward he received, with his comrades, §400. He was in an engagement where only three men escaped alive out of the 100 on his side. Ho was in sixteen bat- tles in all, besides many skirmishes. Was once wounded by a gunshot in his leg. Mr. Dann, the subject of this sketch, after being absent from his boyhood's ho ne forty- seven years, visited it in the fall of 1885, to see his aunt, then 100 years and eleven months old. She presented Mr. Dann with a pair of stockings which his grand- mot her had knit in 1770 for his grandfather to wear in the close of the Kevolut ionary war. They are over two feet long, and are yet as Bound as ever. Mrs. Dann's grandmother Correll was killed by a kick from a cow, at the age of fifty years. Peter Correll was once bit by a mad dog in New York city, and he cut his own leg off with his pocket knife, and escaped all other harm from the bite; but fifteen years after that he was drowned in the Genesee river. Mr. and Mrs. Dann have had three chil- dren: the eldest died before a week old; Orey W. wa- burn in Janosville, Rock county, Wisconsin, educated at Fort Atkinson, Jef- ferson county, same State, has been in the cattle business the most of his lite, and Dann >Y Son now own some road horses of the Black Hawk stock, which are a- line a> any to be found in Sac county; Orey W. is now a resident of Delaware township; and Prank, C HAW FORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 613 the third-born, was drowned at the age of twenty months. Politically, Mr. t)ann votes with the Re- publican party, and has served as Township Trustee, as Judge of Elections and as a mem- ber of the School Board. Socially, he is a member* of the Masonic order, which he joined at Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin; and also belongs to the I. O. O. F., No. 484. Relig- iously, the family are useful members of the Methodist Church, and enjoy the unqualified respect and esteem of all who know them. J. BENNETT, a farmer of section 33, Blaine township, Ida county, was born '° in McHenry county, Illinois, in 1846, a son of Croydon and Evaline (Earl) Bennett, the former a native of New York and the lat- ter of Ohio. When a young man the father moved to the latter State, was there married, and in 1840 went to Chicago; later improved a farm in McHenry county, Illinois; in 1850 located twelve miles from Davenport, Scott county, Iowa; next improved a farm in Ma- haska county, this State, and both he and his wife now reside in Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Renn,ett reared a family of five children, viz.: E- W., engaged h\ the real-estate business at Wakefield, Nebraska; E,. T., an early pioneer Pit Ida county, is now a farmer of Silver Creek township; 0. J., our subject; D. D., who located in this county in 1879, and is now engaged in farming in Silver Croek township; and Sarah A., wife of J. H. King, of Sumner county, Kansas. 0. J. Bennett, our subject, was reared and educated in Scott county, Iowa, and he re- sided in that and Benton county until com- ing to Ida county, in 1885. After locating here he purchased a farm on section 35, but 44 two years later moved to section 34, and in 1892 bought eighty acres of land on section 33, which is now under a fine state of culti- vation. He sold his land in the two former sections for $35 per acre. Politically, Mr. Bennett takes an active interest in the Re- publican party, and religiously, both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Church. In 1869, in Scott county, Iqwa, our subject was united in marriage with Miss Jane Cas- well, a native of Pennsylvania. Her parents, James and Ann Caswell, were born in that State, but in an early day came to Scott county, Iowa, where the father died. The mother died in Illinois. Mrs. Bennett was formerly one of Scott county's successful teachers. Our subject and wife have the fol- lowing-named children: Clinton M., of Silver Creek township; Halroyd, Carrie J., Azalia and Lucille. Mr. Bennett has witnessed many'changes in Ida county since his resi- dence here, has always taken an active part in its upbuilding, and is now one of the pro- gressive farmers of Blaine township. S. CHAPMA.N, a farmer of section 9, Boyer township, Crawford county, ° Iowa, was born in Du Page county, Illinois, in 1852, a son of Thomas and Mary E. (Rogers) Chapman, natives of Chautauqua county, New York. They were married in that State, but in an early day moved to Du Page county, Illinois,where the father opened a farm. In 1861, in that county, he enlisted inCompany D, Eighth Illinois Cavalry, was in the West- ern army, but was discharged on account of sickness after nine months of service. He then returned to Du Page county, Illinois, and in 1874 removed to Minnesota, where he 61 I HKtiiliAl'lIIUAL H18T0RX <>F was in the employ of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and also worked one year in the Indian agency at Otter Tail City. His death occurred in Boyer township, Crawford county, [owa, in L876, and the mother died in l)n Page county, Illinois. They were the parents of nine children, viz.: Edward, who enlisted in the Twenty-second Illinois Infantry for three years, and was killed during service; De Ett, wife of C. D. Nash, of 13oyer town- ship; Lo Ret, wife of R. J. Burwell, of Dan- lap; A. S., our subject; Martha, now Mrs. ,1 . I ). Nelson, of Crawford county; Effie, wife of Frank Schlessig, of Monroe county, Iowa. A. S. Chapman, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his 'native connty. At the age of nineteen years he went to Min- nesota, where he was employed as contractor on the Northern Pacific railroad two years. In 1873 lie worked for the Wisconsin Cen- tra] in Wisconsin; was employed in different parts of northern Wisconsin, and assisted in building the telegraph line from La Crosse to Winona. He was also engaged in logging on the upper Mississippi in the summer, to sup- ply the demand of the Northern Pacific, After marriage, in 1876, he resided in Har- rison county, Iowa, two years, and in 1878 located on his present farm of eighty acres in Boyer township, Crawford county, which is now under a fine state of cultivation. Po- litically, Mr. Chapman is an active worker in the People's party. Socially, he is President oi the Farmers' Alliance, and a member of the Industrial I 'nion. In Harrison county, Iowa, in March, 187(5, our subject married Miss Martha Semple, a native of Indiana, and a daughter of Elon and Jane [Alexander) Semple. The parents were born in that State, but in an early day re- moved to Harrison connty, Iowa. The father \\a> a ma>on by trade, but also followed farm- ing and broom-making. He is a survivor of the Mexican war, and also served three years in the late war. They have resided in Har- rison county, Iowa, for the past twenty-two years. Mr. and Mrs. Chapman have eight children, namely: Henry, Floy, Thomas, Leonard, Yerny, Amy, May and Roland. Mr. Chapman takes an active interest in politics and education, has served as a member of the School Foard, and has always identified himself with every cause for the promotion of the county's welfare. fRANK J. SHADE, a farmer and stock raiser of section 0, Blaine township, Ida county, was born in Clinton county, Iowa, in 1859, a son of Jeremiad and Audel- asia (Page) Shade, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Ohij. In an early day the lather moved to the latter State, was there married, later opened a farm in Clinton county, [owa, and in 1882 came to Corwin township, Ida county. His death occurred in the latter place March 11, 1891, and the mother still resides in that township. Frank J Shade, the second of eight chil- dren, was reared and educated in his native county. In 1881 he removed to Corwin township, Ida county, and in 1885 rented the II. II. Lund farm, in Blaine township, for two years, and in 1887 purchased 120 acres on section t>, Blaine township. His farm is now under a tine state of cultivation, has a good residence, a barn, 24x42 feet, with a shed, 42 x 18 feet, and, in addition to his farming, raises a hi oh grade of stock and Poland -China hog6. Politically, Mr. Shade takes an active interest in the Democratic party, and socially, is a member of the A. <>. I. W. of Ida < rrove. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 615 Our subject was married in Jones county, Iowa, in 1884, to Miss Mary Myers, a native of that county, and a daughter of Billy and Hannah (Kimball) Myers, who came from Pennsylvania to Clinton county, Iowa, in an early day. The parents died in Jones county, this State. Mr. and Mrs. Shade have three children: Fred, Bertha and Delia. Mr. Shade has witnessed many changes in Ida county, and has always taken an active inter- est in everything for the good of both his township and county. ^^^^^^ fAMES McKAY, a fanner and one of the well-known and representative citizens of Garfield township, Ida county, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, October 6, 1839, a son of John and Elizabeth (Strathern) McKay, natives also of that country. The parents both died in Ida county, Iowa, the father in 1876 and the mother in 1874. They were the parents of eight children. James McKay, the subject of this sketch, moved with his parents to Lancashire, En- gland, when six years of age, where lie was reared and educated. At the age of thirty- three years lie engaged in the manufacture of cotton, and in 1863 embarked in the woolen business in Victoria, Australia, remaining at the latter place seven years. In 1872 he landed in New York, next wen,t to New Hampshire, then to Rhode Island, working in different factories in the East, and in 1878 came to Ida county, Iowa. Mr. McKay pur- chased eighty acres of land in Garfield town- ship, which is now under a fine state of cultivation, and to which he has added until he owns a beautiful farm of 320 acres. He has a good frame dwelling, 16 x 26 feet, one and a half stories high, with an L, 12x14 feet, good barns, a windmill, and a grove of one acre. In his political views lie was for- merly a Democrat, but in 1892 voted with the People's party, and has served as Secre- tary of the School Board. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic order, Perseverance Lodge, at Battle Creek. In 1871 our subject was united in marriage with Miss Anna Bennett, a native of En- gland, and a daughter of James Bennett. To this union have been born three children: John, James and Robert. Mr. McKay was reared in the Presbyterian faith, but is now a member of the Evangelical Church. He is one of the most progressive men of Garfield township. N. McGEE, a farmer and stock-raiser of Garfield township, Ida county, wa,s ° born in Armstrong county,, Pennsyl- vania, August 12, 1_856, a son of James H and Nancy (Winkleman) McGee, natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and of Irish and German descent. The parents located near Ida Grove,, Ida county, Iowa. They reared a family of ten children, six sons and four daughters. T. N. McGee, our subject, was reared on a farm, and educated in th,e common schools of Grundy and Livingston counties, Illinois. In 1876 he came to Ida Grove, Ida county, Iowa, and the same year purchased eighty acres of raw prairie land in Garfield township, to which he has since added until he now owns 120 acres, all well improved. He raises a good grade of cattle and horses, has five acres of his place devoted to a grove and orchard, a good barn, 20 x 26 feet, and has a creek flowing through the farm, always giving plenty of stock water. 818 HIOCUAPIIWAL Ills-lour OF Mr. McGee was married, in 1878, to Mi.-s Maggie Warnock, a daughter of Richard Warnock, deceased, formerly a prominent and early pioneer of Ida county. The mother now resides in this township. Our subject and wife have four children: Frances, Gertie, Maud and Mary. In his political views Mr. McGee is a firm believer in the principles of the Republican party, and has served in an official capacity. Socially, he is a member of the K. of P. lodge, No. 257, of Battle Creek. Mr. McGee is yet in the prime of|life, and is active in everything for the "good of his county. OBERT GITTY, a successful farmer of ^ Crawford, county, was born in Alle- gheny county, Pennsylvania, in 1834, a son of Samuel and Lavina (Jones) Gitty. The parents had five sons in the late war: Robert, John, James, Samuel and Jesse. Our subject came to Clinton county, Iowa, in 1852, but in 1854 removed to Illinois, where, at Savanna, he enlisted in the Ninety- second Illinois Infantry. He participated in several battles. In 1873 Mr. Gitty came to Crawford county, Iowa, where he has since made his home. He owns a good farm of 160 acres, is a Republican in his political , and socially, is a member of the G. A. I!., I'.udd Smith Post, of Dow City. He is the father of six children, three sons and three daughters. ■■ » £> ■-- * .i C. LOVE, a farmer of section 556, Blaine township, [da county, was born in Guil- ° ford county, North Carolina, December 13, 1836, the youngest sun of Alden and Elizabeth (Cunningham) Love, natives also of North Carolina. The lather was a dealer in tiour, bacon and general merchandise, and also traded in horses, mules, etc. His death occurred in his native State, in 1871, and his wife died one month previous. Mr. and Mrs. Love were the parents of five children, name- ly: Nancy Jane, who resides with our sub- ject; William .1., who located in Greene coun- ty, Ohio, in 1874, where he followed farming, and his death occurred there June 9, 1891 : Isabelle came to Ida county in 1877, and died here in 1881; Polly A.., wife of H. C. Moore, of Guilford county, North Carolina; and J. C, our subject. Grandfather Samuel Love was a native of North Carolina and of English descent. He was reared, married and died in his native State. One of his sons was a soldier in the war of 1812 u and one in the Mexican war. Grandfather Jeremiah Cunningham was born in Maryland, but re- moved to North Carolina when a boy, where he married Hannah ('cats. They remained there until death. Mr. Cunningham was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, for which his widow afterward drew a pension. J. C. Love, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in the district schools of his native county, also attending the academy at Oak Ridge, that county. Aft- er completing his education he was engaged in teaching for seven years in Guilford county. North Carolina. He next embarked in the tobacco business, milling and farming, and later was conscripted in the Confederate serv- ice, working principally in Virginia and North and South Carolina. In 1877 he came to Ida county, Iowa, purchasing, in company with two sisters, 400 acres of land on section 26, Blaine township, 160 acres of which was cultivated. Mr. Love now owns 540 acres of well-improved land, where, in addition to farming, he raises a CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 617 fine grade of stock. Politically, be affiliates with the Democratic party, has served as President of the School Board, of which he is now Secretary, held the position of As- sessor of his township and was a charter member of the Arthur Coal & Lumber Com- pany, of which he is now one of the directors. Mr. Love was married in Guilford county, North Carolina, in 1862, to Miss Elizabeth L. Brown, a native of that county, and a daughter of Barrett and Louisa (Barham) Brown, who spent their entire lives in Guil- ford county. Grandfather Brown was a na- tive of North Carolina, and Grandfather Nathan Barham was born in England, but in an early day came to North Carolina. The latter was a soldier in the war of 1812. Our subject and wife have had six children, viz.: John, formerly a merchant of Arthur, but now a farmer of this county; James C, who died in Blaine township, in 1879; Emma, wife of D. G. Yorty, of Independence, Ore- gon; Lulu W., who died in 1891, was the wife of S. M. Arthur; William Allen, at home; and Samuel, at home. Mr. Love is one of the prominent and early pioneers of Blaine township, and has always taken an active part in the upbuilding of his township and county. -*S ::•*• , S B IT R Y HERROL D.— Among the prominent farmers and stock-raisers of Cedar township, Sac county, Iowa, occurs the name of our subject, who settled in the township in 1871, hence is considered as one of her representative men and pioneers. Anything calculated to improve the township or county meets with his support and ap- proval, as he is one of those progressive farm- ers who believe that improvement is the order of the age. Mr. Herrold was born in Athens county, Ohio, February 9, 1843, a son of David and Mary (Dorr) Herrold. The former was born in Virginia, son of Joseph Herrold; the latter a connection of Governor Dorr, of Rhode Island. Our subject was the fourth child in a family of eleven children, five sons and six daughters. The mother of this large family is dead, having passed away in La Porte county, Indiana. The father still lives in his seventy-third year. At this latter place our subject was reared to manhood, assisting his father on the farm. Later he engaged for some time in operating a sawmill, but in 1871 came West to Sac county, locating on wild land in Cedar town- ship, where he has improved 160 acres of prairie. His residence is a good frame one, 16 x 32 feet, with an addition, 12 x 24 feet. His stock are supplied with water by a modern windmill, and other appliances of recent date are employed to lessen labor on the farm. Like nearly all of the Iowa farmers Mr. Herrold had to create the grateful shade, as the land on which he settled was bare prairie. Now, however, he has a fine grove, and a good orchard furnishes fruit to the family. The marriage of our subject occurred April 11, 1865, to Miss Margaret Allison, born in Champaign county, Ohio, where she was reared and educated. She was a daugh- ter of Christopher and Elizabeth (Heatwall) Allison, natives of Pennsylvania, of Scotch, Irish and German ancestry, respectively. Both parents died in Champaign county, Ohio. There were twelve children in the family of which Mrs. Herrold was a member, ten of whom grew to maturity, six sons and four daughters. One of her brothers, James was in an Ohio regiment during the late war, and now resides in Fayette county, Ohio. Two children have been born to our subject MS BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0BT OF and wife, Fred and Rilla May, who are liv- inir, and one child, Ed, who died at tin- age of eighteen mouthe. Mr. Herrold takes an active interest in politics, casting his votes for the nominees of the Republican party. He has Berved as Justice of the Peace and member of the School Hoard. He and his wife are prominent members of the Restitu- tion or Church of God. Mr. Hcrrold is one of the officials, being an Elder. In addition to their interest in church work, Mr. and Mrs. Ilerrold are very active in Sunday-school work, he being the Superintendent. fll. DEAL, a farmer of section 16, Hayes township, Ida county, was born in * Montgomery county, Ohio, in 1842, the eldest child of William and Nancy (Bal- lard) Deal, the former a native of Pennsyl- vania, and the latter of Ohio. In an early day the father moved to Ohio, was there married, later went to Clay county, Indiana, in 1850 located on a farm in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1853 opened up a farm of timber land in Boone county, this State, and his death occurred in the latter county in 1863. His wife departed this life in Ida Grove, in 1888. They were the parents of seven children, five now living: J. H., our subject; Joseph, mar- ried, resides in Rock Rapids. Iowa; Carolina, of Virginia; Josephine, wife of John Apple- green, of Chicago; and Jane, now Mrs. Ebb Satterlee, of Ida Grove. J. H. Deal, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Clay county, Indiana, until coming to Iowa, and he received his education in the schools of Boone county, this State. In 1X112 he enlisted in Company K, Sixteenth Iowa Infantry, for the war, was mustered into service at Davenport, Iowa, served in the Army of the Wot. and participated in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth and Inka. He received a gunshot wound in the right leg, on account of which he was confined in the hospital at Jackson, Tennessee, lie was hon- orably discharged at Jefferson Barracks, Mis- souri, in 18(13. and resumed farming in Boone county, Iowa. Tn 1880 Mr. Deal located on what is known as the Ferguson farm, section 16, Hayes township, Ida county, where he has ever since remained. In his political views he is an active worker in the Demo- cratic party. In Boone county, Iowa, in 1870, our sub- ject was united in marriage with Miss Mary E. Parks, a native of England, and a daiu'h- ter of Samuel and Elizabeth Parks, natives also of that country. The parents came to America in an early day, locating in Ohio, thence to Boone county. Iowa, where they spent the remainder of their days. Mr. and Mrs. Deal have seven children, namely: Alma, Stella, Mary, Ilattie, Edgar, Edna and Howard. Our subject is one of the earl}' pioneers of Ida county and is one of its well- known and prominent citizens. fOSEPH HENRY, a farmer of section 23, Garfield township, was born in Crayvford county, Ohio, in 1838, a son of Samuel and Susan (Knisley) Henry, natives also of that State. The father, a farmer by occupa- tion, moved from Pennsylvania to Ross coun- ty, Ohio, in an early day, and later to Crawford county, Iowa, where be died in 1863. The mother still resides in Ohio. • I. Henry, the third in a family of six chil- dren, was reared and educated in Crawford county. In 1*73 he came to Iowa, settling in I lelaware county, later in Cedar county, in CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 619 1876 in Schuyler county, Missouri, and in 1882 to Ida county, Iowa.. After coining to this county he purchased eighty acres of raw prairie land on section 23, Garfield township, which he has improved, and has a good resi- dence, 16x32 feet, a barn, 26 x 28 feet, and other necessary improvements. Mr. Henry was married in Lake county, Illinois, in 1867, to Mrs. Mary E. Neal, a native of that county, and a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Jerome) Neal, nalives of Richland county, Ohio. In 1840 they re- moved to Lake county, Illinois, where they purchased and improved a farm in Shield township. The father died there in 1866, and where the mother still resides. Two of their sons served in the late war from that county, Charles and John. Our subject and wife have three children: Jerome, Susan aud Samuel M., who died in 1891, aged fifteen years. Mr. Henry lias followed farming through life, and has always taken an active interest in the Republican party. He is one of the early pioneers of this township, has witnessed almost its eutire development, and takes much interest in everything for its good. fll. WODELL.— The settlement of Sac- county, Iowa, was accomplished by eu- a terprising men from other sections, who saw the advantages of this section, and could foresee what development would do where Nature had so well prepared the way. Among those who decided to make this their home was J. H. Wodell, who came here in 1869, and located in Sac City, where he re- mained some eighteen years, entering the butchering business and finding it very profit- able. Mr. Wodell bought 280 acres of wild land situated on the Cedar river in what is now known as Cedar township, then Jackson pre- cinct. This place was improved gradually, and now there is a fine jjrove and orchard of five acres, the natural grove consisting of forty-five acres, and some three or four more acres have been planted. In 1888 our sub- ject located on his farm and engaged in farm- ing. This is a favored spot, being well watered by Cedar river and by springs, thus making it a tine stock farm. Our subject located in McHenry county, Illinois, in 1844, coming from New York. Our subject was born in Herkimer county, New York, May 18, 1827, and was a sou of George and Maria (Cornwell) "Wodell, the father a native of Rhode Island, and the mother of New York. The father engaged in farming in Herkimer county; later re- moved to Cattaraugus county, and in 1844 moved to McHenry county, Illinois, and took up Government land which he improved, being one of the early pioneers of McHenry county, Illinois, and always made this county his home during the remainder of his life, his death taking place in 1867. The mother died in 1865, in McHenry county. Our subject had one brother, Clarence L., who served in an Illinois regiment about one year during the late war. Our subject was reared in New York, and was educated in the district schools of Cattaraugus county, and in the spring of 1844, when he was seventeen years of age, he left his native State, and by water and on foot he came to McHenry coun- ty, Illinois, and engaged in farm labor, located land, upon which the family settled, paying $1.25 per acre. Here he owned 320 acres, but after improving it he sold. From 1860 to 1866 he engaged in the packing business in Chicago during the winters, and the com- C.'O RMWAI'IUCM. HI8T0ST OF mission business during the Bummers, and had a Beat in the Chamber of Commerce in that citj . In . I unc, 1851, our Bubject married Miss Etheta M. Tryon, a native of Onoudaga county, New York, daughter of Lemuel and Matilda (Sutherland) Tryon, the lather a native of Massachusetts, and the mother of Connecticut. Grandfather Reuben Suther- land was a pioneer of ( >nondaga county, set- tling there in the wilderness. One of bis sons served in the war of 1812. Grandfather William Tryon was a captain in the Revolu- tionary war, and later settled in Onondaga county, and there the father of our subject was reared and married. lie was a black- smith by trade, and in 1844 came to McIJenry county, Illinois, settling upon a farm, where he died about 1847, the mother surviving until 1887, 'lying at Sac City, where she re- sided with our subject. They had one son, Jerome, who enlisted in 1862 in an Iowa regiment in Buchanan county, and took part in twenty-eight engagements in the Western army, going in as Drum Major, but becoming a private in the ranks, serving his country faithfully. He now resides in Genesee county. New York. Our subject has taken a prominent part in the county affairs, and assisted in the organ- ization of the township. He is a Republican, and has served the county as Supervisor for two terms, and while in otKce the township was organized. He took an active part in the ob- taining of good roads and safe and necessary bridges, being a member of that committee. He has watched with pleasure the growth of the county, and delights in its improvement. Socially, lie is a member of the Accidental Lodge, No. 278, of Sac City. Our Bnbjecl was made a Mason at Richmond, McHenry county, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Wodell have one daughter living, Savilla, wife of J. 0. Criss. of Sac City, where he has been engaged in the mer- cantile business for years. Four childreu of our subject and wife have been removed by death, as follows: Goorgiana, who died at the age of twenty year-, and the wife of George A. Smith, of Sac county. Both of these had been teachers in the county. The others died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Wodell are among the pio- neers of the county, and have seen at least ninety percent of the development, including the railroad through Carroll county. He takes an active interest in all that promises good to the county. -v^w--. 4 VY G. PERROTT, a successful former of section 26, Eden township. Sac county, was born in Somersetshire, England, June 30, 1854, a son of Cornelius and Phoebe (Baker) Perrott, natives also of England. The mother died in October, 1891, and the father is now a well-known and popular citi- zen of Schaller, Iowa. They were the parents of six children, five now living, namely: Belle, Guy G., Ella, Lillian and Alice. Guy G. Perrott, the subject of this sketch, was but a lad when the family came to Du- buque county, Iowa, where he was reared to farm life, and learned the trade of a brick mason and stone and marble cutter. He worked at the same for some years, during which time he assisted in building the State eapitol at Des Moines, Iowa, in 1873. In L880 Mr. Perrott came to Sac county, where he now owns 200 acres of tine land, and on which is a good one and a half story dwell- ing, 16x21 Eeet, with an L, 14 x 16 Eeet. He also has a beautiful grove, an orchard of CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. G21 small fruits, and everything to be found on a well-regulated place. In addition to his farming, he is also engaged in the raising of stock. Our subject was married March 7, 1878, in Dyersville, Dubuque county, Iowa, to Jennie Council, who was born, reared and educated in that county. She is a daughter of John and Matilda (Mogg) Council, natives of Somersetshire, England. The mother died in 1892, and the father still resides in Du- buque county, Iowa. They were the parents of seven children, five now living, viz.: John, James, Charles, Jennie and Anna. Mr. and Mrs. Perrott have fonr daughters: Nettie Florence, Jennie Lillian, Jessie May and Edith Alice. Politically, Mr. Perrott takes an active part in the Republican party, and was a candidate for County Recorder in 1892. Socially, he affiliates with F. & A. M. of Early, St. Elmo Lodge, No. 642, and relig- iously, both he and his wife are active mem- bers in the Methodist Episcopal Church of Early. fO H N BRUS, a gentleman who holds the important office of Trustee for Hayes township, is a resident of section 22, post office, Westside. He located in this township in 1882, coming from Scott county, Iowa. He was born in Prussia, Germany, in 1844, and was the youngest in a family of eight born to Henry and Beatrix (Clans) Brus, natives of Prussia. They set sail in 1847 from Antwerp on a sailing vessel, and after a voyage of forty-nine days landed in New Orleans, coming thence by steamer to St. Louis, settling in Warren county, Missouri, buying a section of land. In 1850 they re- moved to Scott county, Iowa, settling near "Walcott, where the father had bought a three- acre tract, paying $50 an acre for it. It is now in the city limits, but he continued to reside on it until his death, which occurred at Davenport in 1881, the excellent wife hav- ing died five years before. Of the family now living there are six: Theodore died in St. Louis, Missouri; Mary, wife of Gerhart Thegger, farmer of Chickasaw county, Iowa; Jacob, a large land-owner near Davenport, died in 1886, in Scott county; Anna, wife of John Mollenbeck, of Scott county, Iowa; Dena, wife of William Dohans, of Davenport, Iowa; Alice, wife of Henry Hoschag, Chickasaw county, Iowa; and John, our subject. The last named gentleman was only two and one-half years of age when he left his native land, and about six years of age when the family removed to Scott county, Iowa. He was reared in Scott county, and educated in the district schools. After his marriage he settled in Davenport and engaged for eight years in the hotel business, then turned his attention to farming, and in 1884 came to Crawford county. He is largely engaged in farming, having a farm of 345 acres, on which he raises considerable stock. His marriage occurred in Scott county, in 1870, when he was married to Anna Grage, a native of Holstein, Germany, daughter of Christ and Holdurf (Wiette) Grage, natives of Holstein, Germany, coining to Crawford county with her father in 1872, the mother dying in Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Brus have eight children, Hury, born in 1871; Lillas, born in 1873, wife of William Jensen of Mor- gan township, this county; John, born in 1875; Charley, born in 1877; Hugo, born in 1879; Otto, born in 1881; Allie, bornin 1883, and Clara, born in 1885. Politically, Mr. Brus is a Democrat, and is one of^ the Township Trustees. He is a 622 lUodHAl'lIICAI. BISTORT OP member of the Uatholio Church, while his wife is a member of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Brus is one of the enterprising men of the township and has seen many changes in Iowa ami in the county, in whose affairs he takes such a deep interest, being always ready to aid in any way all enterprises calculated to improve the condition of the county. S. BLAIR, a farmer of Logan town- ship, Ida county, was horn in i ° Franklin county, Pennsylvania, Jan- uary 3, 1854, a son of William H. Blair, a native of the same county. He is a member of an old and prominent Pennsylvania family, and was engaged in teaching, about forty terms in one building, in Orrstown, that State. His daughter has also followed that occupation for the past five years. The mother of our subject, nee Mary Jane Smith, was reared and educated in Orrstown, and was a pupil of Mr. Blair. She died about twenty years ago, leaving seven children, three 6ons and four daughters. The father still resides in Pennsylvania. W. S. Blair, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native State, hav- ing attended the same school in which his father was principal. After completing his education he learned the trade of broom- making; later that of a tailor, and also fol- lowed civil-engineering for some time. Mr. Blair next went to the oil regions of Penn- sylvania, to Titusville, and in 1880 located on wild land in Logan township, Ida county, Iowa, which he has since improved. His good dwelling, 16 x 24 feet, is nicely located; has two barns, 30 x 46 and 24 x 60 feet, a beautiful grove and orchard, anil is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. His place of 640 acres is well watered by springs and brooks, and he keeps from fifty to seventy-five head of cattle. January 4, 1876, in Cumberland county. Pennsylvania, our subject was united in mar- riage with Miss Lida C. Rebok, who was bom, reared and educated in that county, a daughter of Jacob and Kate (Bowers) Rebok, natives, respectively, of Franklin aud Cum- berland counties, Pennsylvania. The father, a farmer by occupation, died at Lovington, Moultrie county, Illinois, in 1887, aged seventy-six years, and the mother now resides at Bloomfield, Missouri. They reared six children, live daughters and one son. Mr. and Mrs. Blair have one child, Mearl Irene. Our subject affiliates with the Republican party, and religiously, both he and his wife were members of the Presbyterian Church in Pennsylvania, but are now members of the Church of God. Mr. Blair takes an active interest in education and religion, and is one of the leading citizens of Ida county. -^ :■ I ^ =s3«- mM ILLIAM MARTENS, of Haves town / \ 7r. ship, post office, Aspinwall, came to Hayes township, Crawford county in 1879, and purchased eighty acres of prairie land, which he improved until he had one of the finest farms in the county, on which he has built a nice frame farm house, surrounded with shade and ornamental trees. Our sub- ject was born in Holstein, Germany, in 1848, being the son of Charles and Margaret (Haf- erbier) Martens, natives of Holstein, (ier- many, where they always lived and the mother died. The father is still living. William left Germany when he was nine- teen, and came direct to Clinton county, Iowa, where he engaged in teaching in the public CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 623 and private schools of that county. He en- gaged in teaching for four years in Hayes township, Crawford county. Mr. Martens was married in Clinton county, Iowa, 1874, to Margaret Renfelt, native of the same place as her husband, daughter of Clans and Catherine (Cruse) Ren- felt, natives of Germany, who came to Clin- ton county, Iowa, and then came to Carroll county, same State, where they now reside. Mr. and Mrs. Martens are the parents of eight children, namely: Richard, Henry, Gus, Amelia, Willie, Emil, Kate and Henry. Our subject takes some interest in politics, siding with the Democrats in party measures. He served as Assessor for six years, was Sec- retary of the School Board, is now Justice of the Peace and has been for many years. He is one of the early settlers of Hayes township, and has seen the country open up since his arrival here. He has always taken a deep in- terest in everything calculated to improve the condition of the county. fHOMAS McGRIN", one of the repre- sentative citizens of Crawford county, Iowa, was born in county Clare, Ire- land, in 1847. He is the son of Michael and Ellen (Flahiar) McGrin. The father is a resident of Manilla, this county, where he has lived since 1879, and a resident of Iowa since 1856. The mother died in 1887, after a good, useful life. The father has been en- gaged in farming all his life, and he reared his son, Thomas, from his tenth year to fol- low in his footsteps on the farm. Our subject was only ten years old when he came with his parents to this country. A stop of eighteen months was made in Memphis, then they came direct to Iowa, where Thomas remained with his parents until he was seventeen years of age, when he went to California and engaged in farming, making his home in Merced county princi- pally until 1880, when he returned to Craw- ford county and located on a tract of land he had bought in 1873. The farm was all wild land, on section 22, East Boyer township, with no improvements whatever. On his re- turn from the far West he began to erect a small frame house, and barn for stock and grain, planting groves and orchards, and during his stay upon the farm, which lasted until 1885, he made many valuable improve- ments, and then sold this farm and purchased a tract of 160 acres on section 17, East Boyer township, which was similarly improved, but these were not enough for this energetic farmer, who immediately began to make more improvements and erected a fine, large barn, put up fencing, made an addition to the residence, beside many other improve- ments, until he has one of the finest farms in that part of the county, and it is still in his possession. In the spring of 1892 he uur- chased another farm of 240 acres in Denison township, on sections 32 and 33, and this has all improvements. He rents both of his farms, and now resides in Denison, where he has erected a fine frame house, and here ex- pects to live a retired life. Mr. McGrin is a man of good business ability, as his success in life would indicate, he having started at the bottom of the ladder of fortune, but by pluck, energy and ability has gradually worked himself to the top, until to-day he stands among the prosperous and well-to-do citizens of the county. Of him it certainly may be said that he is a self- made man in every sense of the word. His life is a good example of what a man can do if be has the will and determination to sue- CM BIOGMJPHWAL SI8T0BT OF ceed. Politically, hie sympathies arc with tbe Democratic part] . He was married in California, in the fall of 1878, to Miss Nellie Easter. They have four children: Thomas, Nellie, Delia and Edward, all bright, intelligent children, who are a pride to their loving parents. Mr. McGrin is a public-spirited man, and a lover of law and order. Without doubt he is one of the county's most worthy and re- spected citizens. ■ :•• <3"i» M ' ' ' ;; ' O. JOHNSON, cashier of the Farmers' State Hank, Charter Oak, Iowa, is a 9 man whose business qualifications and experiences entitle him to a place among the representative citizens of Crawford county, and it is with pleasure we present the follow- ing sketch of his life, and some mention of the banking institution with which he is connected: The Farmers' State Bank was organized September 1, 1890, with a capital stock of 82-1,000. They do a general banking busi- ness, represent the Continental, .Ktna, Lon- don, Liverpool, Globe, Queen of America and Guardian insurance companies, and also represent all the steamship lines for trans- portation. The officers of the bank are as follows: K. C. A. Flournoy, president; C. T. Marshall, vice-president; D. O. Johnson, cashier; correspondents, the Sprague Na- tional, of Brooklyn, New York, and the Se- curity National, of Sioux City, Iowa. The bank owns property in Charter Oak to the amount of $3,000. D. O. Johnson was born in Kokomo, Indi- ana, in 1851, son of Rev. Isaac and KKira (Overbiser) Johnson, descendants of Scotcli and Holland ancestry. His father has Berved as a pastor in the Christian Church for fiftj years. He is now a resident of Denison, Iowa. The family came to Iowa in 1857, and settled in Marshalltown, where the sub- ject of our sketch grew up on a farm and attended the public schools. lie completed his education at Grinnell College. In 187-4 he located in Denison, where two years he was engaged in teaming, and three years was employed as a clerk in a mercantile establish- ment. At the expiration of that time he was appointed Deputy Hostmaster, which position he filled six years. Then, a vacancy occurring in the County Treasurer's office, he was appointed to till it, and was subsequently elected to that same office, being elected on the Republican ticket by a majority of 500 votes. The county being a Democratic one, this majority was indeed H flattering one. When his term of office expired he was again elected, and served in all five years as Treas- urer of the county. After that he came to Charter Oak to take his present position, bavins been elected cashier when the bank was organized. Mr. Johnson was married. July 6, 1800, to Miss Katie Malony, of Denison. who for eleven years served as deputy in the au- ditor's office. She is a lady of education and business ability, and during her connection with the office made many acquaintances and warm friends. Mr. Johnson is a member of the K. of P., Adrian Lodge, No. 221, Charter Oak. KX.I. RfENTZER, a farmer of Logan township, Ida county, was born in Mar- ion county, Iowa, in 1854,ason of David and Nancy (Wilds) Mentzer, natives of Penn- sylvania. The parents came to Iowa in CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 625 1850, where the father followed farming. He was a Democrat in his political views, and his death occurred in 1867. His brother, Joseph Mentzer, came over the mountains with a stage coach. The mother of our sub- ject is still living, and makes her home with her son Benjamin. Mr. and Mrs. Mentzer reared a family of ten children, four sons and six daughters. Four of the children are de- ceased. Benj. Mentzer, our subject, was reared on a farm, and received his education in the primi- tive schools of Iowa. In 1883 he located on his present farm of 160 acres in Logan town- ship, Ida county, which he has improved; erected a good residence, 16x24 feet, with wings, one, 12 x 16 feet, and the other 14- foot square; a barn, 24x28 feet, and has a beautiful grove and orchard. Mr. Mentzer also has a modern windmill, stock-scales, and is engaged in general farming. He was married in Linn county, Iowa, in 1876, to Miss Susan Lockard, a native of Ohio, and a daughter of Hamilton Lockard, also born in that State. They had one child, Ivy M. The wife and mother died in 1879, and, in 1881, in Linn county, Mr. Mentzer mar- ried Miss Alice Bice, a native of Dubuque, Iowa, and a daughter of Joseph Rice. Our eubject and wife have live children : Myrtle, Ralph, May, Anna and Robert. Mr. Mentzer takes an active part in the Democratic party, and is one of the leading and representative nnen of Logan township. ^>£^^^- CORDERMAN, a farmer of Wall Lake township, and one of its well- known and respected citizens, was horn in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, February 7, 1835, a son of David Corderman a native of Berks county, that State, and of German ancestry. He married Miss Anna Seygest, also a native of Pennsylvania, and they had two children: David and Anna. David Corderman, the subject of this sketch, was reared to farm life in his native country. In 1857 he located near Kewanee, Henry county, Illinois, but two years afterward went to Johnson county, Iowa. In October, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Fourteenth Iowa Infantry, served two years and fourteen days and took part in the battles of Fort Kendall and Fort Pierre. He was next transferred to the Seventh Iowa Cavalry, stationed at Fort Snelling, and was honorably discharged at Sioux City, in 1865. Mr. Corderman then returned to his home in Johnson county, Iowa, and in 1880 purchased 200 acres of wild land in Wall Lake township, Sac county, Iowa. He has added to this place from time to time until he now owns 280 acres, well improved, with a two-story residence, 22 x 26 feet, an L, 12 x 17 feet, one story, a barn, 38 x 45 feet, with a rock basement, and a fine grove of pines, larches and catalpas laid out in an artistic manner. In addition to his agricultural pursuits, he is also engaged in stock-raising and dairy farming, milking twenty cows, and feeds on an average of one carload each year. Mr. Corderman was married in Illinois, at the age of twenty-two years, to Mary Ann Harris, a native of Eaton county, Ohio. They have one son, Evan, who is married and re- sides in Wall Lake township. Our subject was married to his present wife in 1865, in Johnson county, Iowa, to Miss Exey Akers, a native of Pike county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of John C. Akers. To this union has been born ten children: Ulysses, Henry, Dave, Ira, Ellen, Mauley, John, Clifford, Retta and one deceased. 686 BIOGRAPHICAL H1BT0BT OF Mr. Corderman rotes with the Republican party, has served as Township Trustee, •and is a member of William T. Sherman Post, No. 284, of Sac City. He is a man liiglily honored throughout Shc county, has an ex- tended acquaintance, and is one of the lead- ing fanners of Wall Lake township. *= > 0. IIOYT, a farmer living three and a half miles northwest of Battle • J ( reek, in Maple township, Ida county, [owa, was born in Jackson county, this State, December 6, 1856, a son of N. ('. and Maria (Sleeper) Hoyt, natives of New York. The lather was a son of Samuel Hoyt, also a na- tive of that State. The parents of our sub- ject were married in New York, but after- ward came to Clinton county, Iowa, and later to Jackson county. The mother died when our subject was six years of age, leaving six children, and the father now resides with his son, 0. A. Hoyt, in Maple township. 0. C. Hoyt was reared and educated in his native county. In the spring of 1878 he removed to Woodbury county, Towa, but in the spring of 1892 purchased eighty acres of land in Ida county, which he has improved. He also has a good farm residence, 10x20 feet, with an L of the same dimensions, and a tine grove and orchard of two acres. In October, 1881, in Battle Creek, Mr. Hoyt was united in marriage with Miss Orlanda McCooley, a native of Little Sioux, Harrison county, [owa, and a daughter of John and Theressa i Bowers) ftfcCooley, pioneer settlers of that county. The mother, a native of Baden, Germany, now resides with Mrs. Hoyt. Our subject and bis wife have one child. Minnie Agnes. Mr. and Mrs. Hoyt are members of the Methodist Episcopal Chtirch, and the former also affiliates with the Republican party. He is a very prom- inent man, and takes an active interest in everything for the good of his county. ••- '•y£©' J. ANDRE, a physician and surgeon of Scballer, Iowa, was born in Columbi- ° ana county, Ohio, May 10, 1S57, a son of John L. Andre, a native of Pennsylvania, and a lineal descendant of Major Andre, of Revolutionary fame. The mother of our sub- ject, nee Rachel Ann Taylor, was born in Stark county, Ohio, and was a relative of General Zachariah Taylor. Mr. and Mrs. Andre located at Big Bock, Scott county, Iowa, in 1804, but later went to Bennett, Cedar county, wdiere they still reside. T. J. Andre, the subject of this sketch, re- ceived a good edncation in the Agricultural College at Ames, Iowa, and in New Sharon, this State. After leaving school he taught for some time in Mahaska county, and later be- gan the study of medicine with Dr. Mc- Alister, and next with Dr. Coolidge, a well- known physician of Oskaloosa, Towa. Mr. Andre graduated with honor at the Rush Med- ical College of Chicago, Illinois, in the class of 1882. September 14 of that year he came to Scballer, where he now has a large and ex- tensive practice, and also owns the pioneer drug store of this city. Our subject was married in Storm Lake, Iowa, to Cora Pettit, a native of Clayton county, this State, but reared and educated in Storm Lake. She is a daughter of 0. D. and Eda (Ilutchins) Pettit. Mr. and Mrs. Andre have two children: Edna Rachel and Dorothy Josephine. Politically. Mr. Andre atliliates with the Republican party, and so- cially, is a member of Des Moines Valley Medical Association, of the Maple Valley CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAU COUNTIES. 627 Medical Association, of the Masonic order, Acme Lodge, No. 457, and of the A. O. U. W. Mrs. Andre is a member of the Pres- byterian Church. yaMjBtj L. McELWAIN, a prominent resi- «1fvlW dent of Willow township, near *^S^° Charter Oak, Iowa, is the subject of the present sketch. He is an honorable ex-soldier of the late war, and was born in Morrison county, Illinois, May 25, 1843, a son of A. L. McElwain, who was born near Cleveland, Ohio, and who was one of the first settlers of Morrison county. He came of Scotch ancestry and descent. The mother of onr subject was named in her maiden days Miss Laura Wheeler, born near Cleveland, Ohio, and of New England ancestry. A. L. and Laura McElwain had three sons and five daughters: Mary, Martha. Maria, M. L.; Mar- shal, who was a soldier in the late war in the Forty-ninth Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers, and died at RoUo, Missouri, of measles and lung trouble at the age of nineteen; Marcum and Mina were the other children of this family. In 1847 the family of which we write left Illinois and moved to Grant county, Wiscon- sin, and several years later removed to Potta- wattamie county, Iowa. Onr subject was reared on a farm, and received his education in the common schools of the county. In August, 1861, he enlisted in the Seventh Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers, under Colonel Van Der and Captain Mark Finecom. The regiment was stationed for some time at Arlington Heights, and by an accident our subject in- jured his leg, later breaking it, hence he was honorably discharged, and be returned home to Grant county, Wisconsin. In 1879 our subject moved to Pottawattamie county, Iowa, and remained thereuntil 1883, when he came to this county and settled in Willow township upon a farm of 160 acres. His father died in Pottawattamie county, Iowa, at Oakland, at the age of seventy-two. He had been a farmer all his life, and in his politics a Republican, and for forty years lie had been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for thirty years had held the responsible position in that body of Class-leader. The mother of our subject passed her last days at Council Bluffs, and died about the age of seventy-two also. She lias been a consist- ent church member for forty years, and at death was lamented by a large concourse of friends. The marriage of Mr. McElwain took place in Grant county, Wisconsin, at the age of twenty-one to Miss Lydia Muns, a good woman, who has been a faithful wife. She was born in Michigan, a daughter of Robert and Roxy Muns, all of Michigan, and she had two brothers in the late war: George, who was in the Twelth Wiscon- sin Infantry all through the war, and now lives in Grant county, Wisconsin; and Henry, who was a member of the Twelfth Wisconsin infantry and received a wound which proved fatal. Just before death he wrote a touching letter to his parents, signed his name and then expired, another noble sacrifice to his country. Mr. Muns died in Grant county over eeventy-one years of age, but the mother is still living there. She was the mother of seven daughters and five sons, as follows: Ilarate, July, Mary, Lydia, Ellen, Emma, Evva, George, Perry, Henry, Joe and Lyman. Our subject, in his polities, is a Republican, and a prominent member of the G. A. R., Post, No. 49. He is also a member of the 898 lUiinllM'lIlOAL HISTOItY OF Methodist Episcopal Church in Willowtown- Bhip, in whiob he haa Berved as Class-leader for the past ten years, also as Steward. His family are named Jay, Edwin, Bart, Aretus, Elmer, Arthur, Ora, Emma and Laura. Our subject is one of the most esteemed of the citizens of this place. fOHN R. BROCKELSBY, who has been identified with the farming interests of Hayes township, Crawford county, Iowa, since 1874, is one its most intelligent and prosperous citizens. Mr. Brockelsby was born in Lincolnshire, England, September 19, 1844, son of William and Martha (Cousins) Brockelsby, natives of the same place. The mother died in England in I860, leaving four children, namely: Mary Jane Westoby and Julia Brown, residents of Lincolnshire; and John R. and "VV. H. In 1808 the subject of our sketch came to the United States and located in Clinton county, Iowa, where he lived until 1874. That year he came to his present location, then a wild stretch of country. lie at first bought eighty acres of land, to which he has since added, being now the owner of 160 acres, all well improved. His cottage home is 16 x 22 feet, with an L, 16 x 40 feet, and is located on a natural building site, surrounded with grove and orchard. His barn, 20x32 feet, his granary, cribs, yards, feed lots, fences, etc., are all arranged with reference to convenience and are kept up in good shape. When he was twenty-three years of age, Mr. Brockelsby was married in Clinton county, Iowa, to Alice Cousins, a native <>f olnshire, England, and a daughter of John and Briscilla ( Long) Cousins, natives i pf the same place. Her father is now a resi- dent of Weatside township, tins county, her mother having died in Clinton county. Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Brockelsby have six children: William II., Charles E., George Thomas, John Earl, Alice and James. They lost three chil- dren: Thomas, aged seven months; Rosa, eleven years; and Merritt, seven years. Mr. Brockelsby affiliates with the Repub- lican party. He has served as Township Trustee and as a member of the School Board, performing his duty with the strictest fidelity. He was reared in the faith of the Episcopal Church. He is now in the prime of life, is frank and jovial, and is popular with all who know him. tP. SEARLS, of Eureka township, Sac county, Iowa, was born in Fairfield ° county, Ohio, October 12, 1841, a son of James and Elizabeth (Quinn) Searls, the former a native of Fairfield county, and the latter of Wheeling, West Virginia. The father was a 6on of John Searls, a native of Vermont. The mother of our subject, a suc- cessful teacher before marriage, was a dangh- ter of John Quinn, a native of Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Searls removed to Rock Island county, Illinois, in a very early day, where the former died at the age of seventy-five years, and the latter aged fifty years. The father was a fanner by occupation, a Republican in his political views, and religiously, he and his wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. A. I'. Searls, the subject of this sketch was reared on a farm, and received a good educa- tion in Ml. Morris Seminary, at Easton, Illi- nois. After completing his education he was engaged in teaching for a number of years. At the breaking out of the civil war, he en- CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 629 listed in the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, Com- pany F, Governor-General Farnsworth's regi- ment, and served three years and two months. He was struck by a spent ball at Gettysburg, in which battle his regiment took an active part, but lost heavily. After his discharge Mr. Searls returned to Illinois, and for the following five years was engaged as foreman of a wholesale house in Chicago. In 1875 he came to Eureka township, Sac county, Iowa, where he was among the pioneer settlers, and has ever since made his home in this county. Our subject was married at the age of twenty-four years to Miss Jennette H. Skin- ner, who was educated at Evanston, Illinois, and was a successful and popular teacher be- fore marriage. She is a daughter of A. G. and Eliza (Huff) Skinner. The parents re- moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1836. The. mother died in 1891, and the father is now at Schaller, Iowa Mr. and Mrs. Searls have. two children: A. C. and Mattie E. The latter is now attending Highland Park College, of Des Moines, Iowa. In his political views Mr Searls is a Republican, and has held the office of Township Clerk and Justice of the Peace. Socially, he is a member of the Ma- sonic order, Acme Lodge, No. 457; a charter member of the Q. A. R., William D. Price Post, No. 392, of Schaller; and a Master Workman in the A. O. U. W. Mrs. Searls is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. - ■^nM/ls~2^~ / lflSiri-' - lHARLES CHASE, a prominent resident of Willow township, near Charter Oak, Iowa, is the gentleman of whom this sketch is written. He came here in 1880, and has since made this his home. He was born in De Kalb county, Illinois, April 10, 1853, a son of Jacob Chase, born near Og- 45 densburg, St. Lawrence county, New York, of Scotch ancestry. The mother of our subject was Nancy Babcock in her maiden days. She was born in Rochester, New York, where she married Mr. Chase in 1845, and they came West to De Kalb county, where they were early settlers and pioneers. This was before the days of rail- roads, and the trip was made by wagon. Mr. Chase was a sawyer by trade, and soon ob- tained a situation as head sawyer in a saw mill, but later he engaged in farming. His death occurred in 1877, and had been the father of nine children, five sons and four daughters. One of the sons, Jacob, was a soldier in the la,te war, serving in the Seven- teenth Illinois Cavalry, and died in the serv- ice, of his country. 0,ur subjact was reared in De Kalb county on a, farm,, and received his early education i,n the common schools near his old home. Early displaying a marked talent for music, hie was taught the violin and dulcimer, and played in orchestras and concerts all through De Kalb county. For twenty-three years he has been a musician, and is master of three or four kinds of instruments. He came here in 1880, and bought the George Burch place of 160 improved acres, and here he still re- sides. A large part of the place is rich bot- tom land, and all through here in Willow valley the land is very productive, and yields rich hay crops, and good corn and grain. His comfortable residence is an attractive one, 18x24, with an L, 14x20, and all in one story, surrounded by a nice lawn and grove. Here he has barns, cribs, stables, yards, feed sheds and lots. He has a modern windmill, springs, creek and well, and his meadows and pastures rival those of the Blue Grass region of Kentucky, and here he raises and feeds stock, cattle and hogs. 680 IIIOCHAI'IIWAL HISTORY OF Our Btibjecl was married to Miss Carrie Schairer, of a fine family, well known in Naperville, Du Page county, Illinois. She was a daughter of George Schairer, one of the firal settlers of that place, a descendant of a German family. Mr. and Mrs. Chase have a family of eight children, as follows: Lewis, Myrtle, Elva, Eenry, Sally, Nina Pearl, Earl ami Daniel. Mi-. Chase is a member of the Republican party, and has served in all of the offices of the township except that of Justice of the Peace. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, Dunlap Lodge, No. 244. He is now in the prime of life, a well-informed man on all general topics. He is' well and favor- ably known through the whole of Crawford county. S. CHRISTIE, a farmer of section 19, Boyer township, he having lo- ! ° cated in this township in 1872, is a native of Canada, born in 1834, being the second in a family of four children horn to William and Rachel (Grant) Christie. The father was a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, who came to America at the age of sixteen, landing in Canada, where he married, and id on a farm. His wife was a native of la, daughter of Lewis Grant, of Scot- laud, who was one of the first settlers of Up- per Canada. He was a good surveyor and located lands in Canada and the United States. and married, in Canada, a Miss Gansey, a native nt' Vermont. He settled in Canada and erected a mill, to which lumber was hauled fur many miles around. He and his family ran this mill fur over fifty years. Here these tun Lived and died, lioth dying a natural death. The father, a farmer, had four boy 8: Lewis, married and residing in Farmington, Minnesota: \V. S., our Bubject; Daniel, married and residing in Manitoba, Camula; and Thomas, who is married and re- sides on a farm in Canada. The father was killed by a falling tree in 1842, and the mother died a natural death in 1875. Our subject was reared in Upper Canada, educated in the district schools of that prov- ince, and at the age of nineteen went to work in Ins grandfather's mill, where he stayed for three years. lie then engaged in farming in Canada, where he cleared a timber farm, erected a house and improved the land. He remained on his farm until 1872, when he came to Crawford county, Iowa, and rented land from Taylor Dun- ham for eleven years, and in 1883 he bought 120 acres of raw prairie larfd, improved it, erecting a good house, 18 x 20, also other good buildings, and the farm is well stocked. He planted a good orchard and also shade and ornamental trees. He also has a good vineyard, producing from a ton to a ton and a half yearly. This gentleman takes some interest in politics; votes the Republican ticket. He was Road Supervisor in the township, having held that office for two years. Mr. Christie was married in 1861, in Can- ada, to Sarah Agues Rose, native of Canada, daughter of Charles and Aurilla (Rosseter) Rose, natives of Canada. They moved to Iowa in L871, the father dying in 1886, and the mother still living. Our subject's wife's grandfather was captured by the Indians when a hoy, lived with them two years, was then sold to a blacksmith. lie was treated very cruelly while with him. He roamed around for about six year.-, when he returned home, and died a natural death. Mr. and Mrs. Christie have -even children: Ella, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 031 the wife of Wheeler Robbins, of Monona county, Iowa; Aurilla, wife of Lewis Bas- sett, of Harrison county, Iowa; Charley, at home; Rolla, married, resides in Harrison county, Iowa; Ed; Minnie is one of the successful teachers of Monona county, Iowa; and Ethol, at home. Mr. Christie has seen many changes in the county since he came here, much of it having been raw prairie land when he settled within its limits. He has made his fortune by his own economy and industry. He has borne his part in the building up of Boyer township, and has always taken a great in- terest in everything calculated to improve the county. ff N. HAMILTON", proprietor of the Auburn City Livery & Feed stables a of Auburn, Iowa, is the subject of the present sketch.. He was born in Brown county, Ohio, May 16, 1841, a son of Will- iam Hamilton, who was a native of Kentucky, and his wife, Sarah Knieper, who was bom in Pennsylvania. When our subject was four years old the family moved to Putnam county, Illinois, becoming pioneers of the county, and there the father died. He had two sons en- gaged in the late war, William, a member of the First Illinois Light Artillery and now lives near Ottawa, in La Salle county, Illinois. Our subject was reared to farm life, at- tended the district schools, and enlisted in the army October 9, 1861, entering Battery C, First Illinois Light Artillery, and took part in the battles at Cairo; Bird's Point; Charles- ton, Missouri; Oak Ridge, Missouri; and Fort Holt, Kentucky. He was there engaged in guarding some roads. After the close of the war he returned to La Sal'e county, Illinois, but in 1873 removed to Grundy county, Iowa, where he remained for four years; then re- moved to Calhoun county, Iowa in 1877. After a short residence he located in Carroll, Carroll county, Iowa, where he owns two residences and eight valuable lots in the cen- tral part of the town. His barn in Auburn is large, 48 x 80 feet, also he owns a good frame residence, with dimensions of 16 x 24 feet, with an L, 14 x 16, one and one-half stories in height. Mr. Hamilton was married at the age of twenty-five, in Adams county, Ohio, to Mary Dellinger, also a native of Adams county, a daughter of Jonathan Dellinger, and to our subject and wife three children were born: Charles, a farmer of Carroll county, Iowa; Mertie, the wife of F. Hooke, of Calhoun county, Iowa; and Birdie, still at home. In politics our subject is a Republican, a member of the G. A. R. Post, of Lake City, Iowa, and also a member of the Masonic order, having joined the fraternity in Lake City, and being now connected with Z. A. Bifle Lodge, No. 241. He is one of the prom- inent and representative men of Auburn. His business is an important one and success- fully managed. He has four good teams with outfits for the same and is always ready to accommodate the public at short notice. ILLIAM IMPSOK— Almost forty years ago the honored subject of this sketch located in what was then a wild and unsettled section, but which now is one of the most favored parts of the great State of Iowa. He is recorded as settling in Lake City, Sac county, Iowa, August 8, 1854, where he lived about a year engaged in trap- ping and hunting. Later he broke ten acres for a farm, and in the spring of 1856 he lo- 883 BIOGRAPHICAL HIBTORT OF cated on Coon river north of Grant City, where be opened tip a farm, and in 1861 lie came to Grant City. Our subject was born in Pike county, Pennsylvania, December 27, 1824, the son of Samuel and Martha (Snyder) Impson, natives of Pike county, and in 1825 removed to Tompkins county, New York, and in 1833 to Bradford county, Pennsylvania. This re- moval was followed by another, in 1838, to New York, and in 1857 to Van Buren county, Michigan. They are both deceased. Our subject was reared in New York and in Pennsylvania, and attended the schools of both States, and in 1844 made his way to Cass county, Michigan, where he engaged in the lumber and Bhingle business, also doing some farming until 1853, when he removed to Illinois, first settling in Iroquois county, and in 1854 removed into Calhoun county, Iowa, whence he went into Sac county, follow- ing a life of hunting and trapping for some time. Our subject was married in Van Bnren county, Michigan, to Miss Helen Jane Cou- dron, natives of Ohio, the daughter of John and Mary (Williams) Coudron, the mother being a native of Ohio and the father of Penn- sylvania. In 1856 they came to Sac county, Iowa. The father and mother are both de- ceased . <)nr subject aided in the organization of Sac county, formerly Fox, and also in the township organization, lie was the second Sheriff of Sac county, serving two terms in that office; was Township Trustee and Road Supervisor. In 1860 he removed to Grant City, seeing an opening there for a good busi- ness in wagon-making and blacksmitbins and did all of the work in that line. Socially, he is a member of Jephtha Lodge. No. 28, A. F. & A. M., and also is a member of Sac City Chapter. Also our subject holds a membership in the lodge of Good Temp- lars. Mr. and Mrs. Impson are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in which body Mr. Impson is a Trustee, and a teacher in the Sunday-school. He and his good wife have been the parents of three children: Andrew M. is married and resides in Carroll, Iowa; Mary Melissa is the wife of George Hicks, of Grant City; and William L., is also married and lives in Auburn, Iowa. Our subject was one of the earliest pio- neers, has witnessed the wonderful growth of the country and has assisted in much of its improvement. He was one of the surveyors of East Des Moines, and has been actively identified with the county for tha last thirty- eight years. ~— < S * S > « £ • ^ »-"^— — — [LLIAM COLEMAN, one of the prominent citizens of Crawford county, was born at Oxfordshire, England, October 1, 1848, a son of John anil Dinah (Savage) Coleman, also natives of that place. The father died in his native country, and the mother is .-till living. William Coleman remained in his native place until reaching years of maturity, when, in lSH'.t. |i,. sailed from Liverpool to Quebec, Canada, spent one season at Woodstock, that country, and then, in 1870, removed to near Sabula, Jackson county, Iowa. He was engaged in farming in that county until 1880, when he settled on his present farm. He has added to his original purchase until be now owns 160 acres of as fine land as lies in Crawford county. He has a beautiful dwell- ing, 16 x 24 feet, one and a half stories high, with an L, 14 x 16 feet, situated on a natural building site, and from which a good view of the surrounding country can be obtained. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 633 Mr. Coleman was married, in 1882, to Mary E. Cook, who was born, reared and educated in Jackson county, Iowa, a daughter of Will- iaui Cook, deceased, a native of England. He was a prominent, early settler of Jackson county, and his deatli occurred in November, 1891. His widow, nee Elizabeth Fox, re- sides in that county. Our subject and wife have had one child, now deceased. Mr. Cole- man is a Democrat in his political views. His wife is a member of the Methodist Church of Vail, and both are worthy and respected citizens of Crawford county. fRANK L. CROUCH, one of the promi- nent and successful business men of Crawford county, was born at Brimtield, Massachusetts, July 19, 1844, a son of Will- iam Crouch, who was born and reared in the same State. The latter was a eon of Will- iam Crouch, Sr., a native of Massachusetts, and a member of an old and prominent fam- ily of that State. Our subject's mother, nee Sarah Wedges, was a native of Brinifield, Massachusetts, and also a member of an old family of that State. Mr. and Mrs. Crouch were the parents of five children, four now living, viz.: Sarah Shove, of this city; Alex- ander, a resident of Westside; Frank, our subject; and Madison M., of Emmet county, Iowa. In 1853, the father removed to Ogle county, Illinois, settling near Byron, where he was among the pioneer settlers. His deatli occurred at the age of seventy-eight years, and the mother's at the age of fifty- two years. The former was a blacksmith by trade; was a Republican in his political views; and religiously was a member of the Methodist Church. Frank L. Crouch was a lad of nine years when he went to Ogle county, Illinois, where he was reared to farm life, and educated in the common schools. October 4, 1861, at Dixon, Illinois, he enlisted in the Ninety- second Illinois Infantry, Company K, and the regiment was stationed for a time at Greensboro, North Carolina. After the close of the war he was honorably discharged and returned to Illinois, but a short time after- ward removed to Linn county, Iowa. In 1875 he settled on the Crouch farm, then wild prairie land, but which is now one of the most valuable places in the county. Mr. Crouch has a good frame house, 16x22 feet, one and a half-stories high, with an L, 12x20 feet, one story high-. Everything about the place shows the thrift and good management of its owner. Our subject was married at Valley Farm, Linn county, Iowa, at the age of twenty-six years, to Matilda M. Smith, a native of New York, and who was reared in that State, Wis- consin and Iowa. She is a daughter of Harry A. and Ann Elizabeth (Hotchkiss) Smith, the former deceased, and the latter a resident of Buffalo county, Nebraska. Mr. and Mrs. Crouch have one child, Pearl Frances, born September 14, 1886. Politi- cally, our subject affiliates with the Republi- can party; and religiously, both he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Crouch is a man of intelligence, frank and jovial in his manner, and is a popular citizen in his township, where he has resided for seventeen years. ILLIAM C. RANNELLS, farmer of section 8, Boyer township, post office, !£JS Dunlap, has been a resident of this section since 1881. Then it was that he pur- BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0BT OF chased 320 acres of raw prairie laud, which he has since improved to a great degree. Be war- bom in Noble county, Ohio, 1834. He was the third in a family of eight children born to David and Harriet (Cnlvertson) Ran- nells, natives of Pennsylvania, the mother coming from Washington county, that State. The father, who was horn in 1812, was mar- ried to his wife in Ohio, nd his calling was thai of farmer. In 1854 he removed to Gentry county, Missouri, where his death occurred in 1857, his wife surviving him until 1878, when she, too, died in the same county. Their family of children were as follows: Louisa, died in Ohio; Caroline mar- ried Harvey White, of Gentry county, Mis- souri; W. C, our subject; Mildred, wife of .lames W. Owens, of Gentry county, Mis- souri; Lucretia, wife of Luther Knott, of Kan- sas; Amanda, wife of Lee Evans, of Gentry- country, Missouri; Eliza Jane, wife of Will- iam Duncan, of Missouri; David V., married, farmer of western Nebraska. William was reared and educated in Nohle county, Ohio, until he was twenty, when lie went West to Missouri, locating in Gentry count v, where lie became a member of the militia. He followed farming in Missouri and Mercer county, Illinois, and in 1874 came to Iowa and bought his present farm in 1881. He has improved it to a remarkable degree, erecting a good residence, two-story, 15x26, with an L, 15x16, also aline barn 36x44. He has planted an acre in an orchard and all of this large farm is fenced in but ten acres. He raises considerable stock. Mr. Rannells was married in Caldwell county, Missouri, January, 1865, to Sabilla Longstreth, native of Morgan county, Ohio, daughter of James and Mary Longstreth. na- tives of Ohio, who removed about 1864 to Missouri, where they both died. Mr. and Mrs. Rannells have had eight chil- dren, namely: Minnie, a teacher, who has been connected with the schools for ten yens; she is one of the teachers in the public schools of Des Moines, Iowa; Anna is also one of the Crawford county teachers, she be- ing engaged in the home district; Flora, an- other teacher of the same county, in Denison; Charles; William: Harriet, who died when &he was six months old; Edgar, Arthur and Luthur. Mrs. Rannells is a member of the Method - isl Episcopal Church and is an earnest Chris- tian woman. Her husband is a member of the Republican party and takes considerable interest in politics, having considerable in- fluence in that direction. This gentleman has seen many changes in the county where he has become one of the enterprising, ener- getic business men of his community. P. L'NDERIIILL is a fanner of sec- tion 5, Boyer township, who located 9 on this section in 1871, having bought a farm of prairie land at that time. The sub- ject came from Whiteside county. Illinois, having come to that State in 1867, from < Miio. his native State, having been born in Ilolnies county, in 1840. He was the third in a fam- ily of four born to Arnold and Sarah (Chase) Underbill, natives of New York and Massa- chusetts, respectively^. Their marriage was celebrated in New York, from which State they removed to Pennsylvania, thence to Holmes county, Ohio, settling on a farm, from which he removed soon after the mar- riage of our subject to Boyer township, where his death occurred in 1886. His wife died in Holmes county, Ohio, in 1879. Of this family our subject is the only surviving member. CRAWFORD, IDA AND 8 AC COUNTIES. 635 N. P. Underbill was reared and educated in his native county, attending the district schools. He enlisted in 1864 in Holmes county, in Company E, One Hundred and Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, being mustered into service in Louisiana. He was assigned to the Gulf Department and was in the bat- tles of Mobile, Selnia, Spanish Fort and Forts Blakely and Orleans, continuing in service until the close of the war. He was honorably discharged at Sedgwick, Louisiana, in 1865, and returned to his old home, and after gaining health removed to Illinois. Mr. Underbill was married in Holmes county, in 1859, to Miss Eliza Ann Gleason, native of Licking county, daughter of Alonzo Gleason, an early pioneer of Ohio, who lived and died in Ohio, the latter event occurring in Richland county, Ohio, 1891. Mrs. Underbill was reared in Licking county, Ohio, and was a teacher for many years. Mr. and Mrs. Underhill have three loving children: Ira, married and residing in Dundee, Illinois; Ohio M., married and re- siding in the same township, on the father's farm; and Charley, married and resides in Arion, Crawford county, engaged in the mer- cantile business. In 1871 Mr. Underhill bought 160 acres of raw prairie land and continued improving it, erected a good frame house, 16 x 22 feet, with an L, 24 x 24, with all modern improve- ments. He has fenced the farm and planted a good orchard, also has shade trees in the lawn around his comfortable dwelling. He added to the farm until he owns 420 acres of land in a good state of cultivation. Mr. Underbill takes an active interest in Republican politics and is one of the Town- ship Trustees and has been a member of the School Board. He is, socially, a member of Shields' G. A. R. Post, No. 93, Dunlap, be- ing one of the charter members. He is one of the pioneers of Boyer township and has seen the full development of the county. He has made his way in life by his own in- dustry and perseverance, and richly deserves all of the worid's goods now in his possession. R. KNIGHT, a member of the firm of Romans Bros. & Co., dealers in hard- ware and agricultural implements, at Charter Oak, Iowa, is a native of Harrison county, Ohio, born December 12, 1854, son of O. P. and Mary (Baker) Knight, also na- tives of that county. Grandfather John Knight went to Ohio from Maryland in 1806. Grandmother Knight's maiden name was Catharine Brown. In 1858 Mr. Knight's parents moved to Iowa and settled in De Witt, in Clinton county. There the father was engaged as a cabinet-maker until the spring of 1876. At that time he came to Crawford county and located on a farm at Westside, eight years later moved to Gage county, and from there moved back to this county, being now a resident of Charter Oak. The subject of our sketch attended school at De Witt, and completed his education with a course at Cornell College. He came to this county with his parents in 1876, and after remaining at Westside one year went to Denison and engaged with W. J. Waggoner in the real-estate business. He afterward clerked for E. H. Plimpton in a general store two years. Then he went to Gowrie, Webster county, and ran a store one year. Returning to Denison, he engaged in the grocery business a year, spent two years as solicitor on the road, and subsequently en- tered the employ of J. B. Romans, hardware dealer. Two years later he came to Charter 036 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY <>!■' ( »ak and took charge of a hardware am! agri cultural implement Btore for Mr. Romans, an- of the war of 1812, a descendant of English ancestors, The mother of our subject was Hannah Col- lins, a native of Cumberland, Ohio, a daugh- ter of Finley Collins who was a soldier in the Indian wars at Fort Defiance, Ohio. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 637 The parents of our subject, William and Hannah Johnson, were parents of three chil- dren: Emma, Abiram and Ira M. The par- ents lived in Cumberland until death, the father passing away at the age of sixty-five years, and the mother at the age of sixty. The father was a harness-maker by trade, a fine and capable workman, a Jackson Demo- crat in politics and a Presbyterian in religion. Our subject served an apprenticeship to the trade with his father, and received his educa- tion in the common schools. During the war he enlisted, December 8, 1861, in Company F, Seventy-eighth Ohio Infantry Volunteer, and he was under fire at Fort Donelson, where he got so wet that he captured the haversack of a rebel soldier and put on his clothes to get dry, and in this way he was taken for a rebel and carried off to Chicago as a prisoner of war. He had to get papers from the State before he could be returned to his regiment, but he got back in time to take part in the battles of Shiloh.Corinth,Iuka, Jackson, Hatcher's Run, Champion Hills — where our subject fired 138 rounds — the siege of Vicksburg, and then returned home on vet- eran furlough. He was with the army of General Sherman at Lost Mountain, Kenesaw mountain, Jonesboro, and at the two battles of Atlanta, and when brave General McPher- son was killed at Atlanta. Then the regiment marched through Georgia and the Carolinas, and took part in the grand review at Wash- ington City, District of Columbia, and was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, and discharged at Chicago. Mr. Johnson returned to Guernsey county, Ohio, where lie remained until 1879, when he came to Crawford county, Iowa, and in 1882 he settled upon his present farm. This was wild land with no improvements of any kind, and now he has 200 acres, well improved, with groves as well as cultivated fields. His resi- dence is 22 x 28, one and a half stories, very comfortable, and it is surrounded with all of the buildings pertaining to a tirst-class farm and he feeds and raises horses, cattle and hogs. Our subject was married December 7, 1867, to Miss O. Downey, a woman of intelligence and education. She was the daughter of Merriman and Jennie Van Horn Downey, the mother dying at the age of seventy, the father still living at Zanesville, Ohio, at the age of ninety-two years. Our subject has one son, Clyde M., born October 15, 1874. Mr. Johnson is independent in politics, a member of G A. R.,Dow City Post, and is a member of the Independent orderof Odd Fel- lows. Mrs. Johnson is au active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Dow City. She was reared in the Cumberland Presbyter- ian Church, as her father was a member of that denomination. Mr. Johnson is a very pleasant, amiable gentleman, frank and jovial in his manner, and enjoys the plenty and coin- fort he has surrounded himself with. USENRY W. MA.YNARD, one of the prominet farmers and stock-raisers of Crawford county, was born at Hamp- shire, Kane county, Illinois, May 29, 1850, a son of Abraham Maynard, a native of Boone county, New York, and a prominent old set- tler of Kane county. He married Ann Ter- williger, a native also of Boone county, and they were among the pioneer settlers of Kane county, Illinois. They celebrated their gol- den wedding January 12, 1892. Mr. and Mrs. Maynard were the parents of eight children, six sons and two daughters, and two of the sons were soldiers in thelate war. lllOailM'llWM. HI8T0R7 OF James, a resident of this county, was a mem- ber of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry. I Ifii ry \V. Maynard was reared at the old home farm in Kane county, and received his education at Hampshire. He now owns 320 acres of as good land as can he found in Craw- ford county, has a comfortable residence, and all conveniences necessary for a well-regulated farm. He feeds large number a of cattle and hogs, and is a successful stock-breeder. Mr. Maynard was married at Hampshire, Illinois, at the age of twenty-three years, to Julia C. Lane, a native of New York, and a daughter of William and Julia Lane. The father is deceased, and the mother now resides at Omaha, Nebraska. Our subject and wife have had six children, viz.: Ruby A., Lilly M., George, William, James and Harrison. Mr. Maynard affiliates with the Republican party, is frank and jovial in his manner, hon- est and reliable, and a popular citizen. While a resident of Kane county, Illinois, he served as Constable and Deputy Sheriff. S+®®*E==§ (HARLES HOWLETT, of section 31, Willow township, is one of the promi- nent citizens of the township, and a soldier of the late war, who came here in LS8N. He was horn in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, June 16, 1838, the son of Charles Howlett, a native of England, who settled in Pennsylvania at the age of twenty- one. He was married to Martha Croft, mother of subject, she being a native of Lycoming county. They were parents of ten children, four sons and six daughters, three of the sons serving in the late war, namely: Thomas, member of a Pennsylvania regi- ment; William, in the One Hundred and Sixth Pennsylvania Infantry, and our sub- ject, in the Twenty-sixth Infantry. The lather of our subject was a merchant, a pro- nounced Republican, and a Protestant, while the mother was a member of the Society of Friends. The schooling of our subject was inter- rupted at the age of fourteen by his being placed in a sawmill, where he served his full time, and became master of his trade, oper- ating a circular saw for over thirty years afterward, and was an expert in the lumber business. In 1862, upon Lincoln's call for 300,000 more men, he enlisted in Company C. Twenty-sixth Volunteer Infantry, aud took an active part in the great battle of Gettysburg. At the end of his service he was honorably discharged, and returned to Pennsylvania, where he engaged in the lum- ber business until 1888, whe*n he came to Willow township, and bought the valuable farm of O. W. Rogers, a prominent and well- known citizen, the tract consisting of 300 acres, for which he paid $8,580, it being one of the very best in the western part of the county, well improved; and in good shape every way. The residence is comfortable, the main portion having seven rooms, and the L two rooms besides the kitchen. There is a nice lawn and garden, in which are shade and ornamental trees, shrubs, a fine grove of five acres, containing maple, walnut, box- elder and willow. The barn is 40 x 60, with a reach 20 x 30, and commodious basement; a large crib and a granary, a carriage shed, and great sheds for cattle, feed lots, yards, windmill for water, and pipes to the various van Is for use in the house. The farm is nicely divided up into fields for meadows, pastures, grain, etc., and is well watered. Our subject is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, and has everything con- venient for the purpose. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 639 He was married at the age of twenty-two to Margaret Rogers, a lady of excellent sense and judgment, and of good family, daughter of Wesley and Effie (Carson) Rogers, natives of Pennsylvania. A brother of hers, 0. U. Rogers, formerly of this township, is engaged in the building of bridges. Mr. and Mrs. Howlett have eight children, namely: De Witt, Howard, William, Emeline, Chester, Joseph, Thomas and Clay. De Witt and William are operating a ranch in Colorado, and all of the sons were trained to a knowl- edge of the lumber business in Pennsylvania. Our subject is an ardent Republican, giving ready support to the nominees of that party. He is a member of the G. A. R., Shields Post, of Dunlap, and a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, together with his wife and daughter. Mr. Howlett is known as a superior lumberman and a skilled me- chanic. In his character, he is frank and manly, disposed to look upon the bright side of life, and his strong and vigorous frame, with perfect health, enables him to enjoy life. He is much interested in the cause of educa- tion, religion and temperance. The Howlett family is one of the most respected and es- teemed in the township. £ > §A. SEWALL is a prominent business man of Denison, Iowa, a contractor, Q builder and architect by profession. He is a native of Norfolk, St. Lawrence county, New York, born in 1843, and was the son of Joseph and Sarah (Honsinger) Sewall, natives of Ireland and Germany, respectively, the families dating back several generations in this country. The grandfather, Joseph Sewall, was a colonel in the war of 1812, and Grandfather Honsinger participated in the war of the Revolution. The latter died at the advanced age of ninety-nine years, and his wife was quite aged when her death occurred. The parents of the subject of this sketch died while he was quite young. He was reared in the State of New York, and re- ceived his education, in part, at an academy. When the civil war broke out he was only a lad of seventeen, but patriotism burned in his breast, and he was among the first to offer his young life to the service of his country. He enlisted in Battery F, First Illinois Light Artillery, in October, 1861, and was mustered out of the army, January 4, 1865. The bat- tles in which he was engaged were: Shiloh, Corinth, Iuka, the siege of Vicksburg, the siege of Jacksonville, Mission Ridge, Ring- gold Station, Resaca, New Hope, Peach Tree Creek, the two battles of Atlanta, Lovejoy, Nashville, and a large number of skirmishes, where his life was just as much in danger as in the pitched battles. He was taken prisoner several times, but was always fortunate enough to escape. He was twice slightly wounded, once in the leg and once on the scalp. He was a valiant soldier, and did many daring deeds upon the field of battle. He is one of the number so feelingly referred to in the late letter from the Chief Magistrate, where he takes occasion to refer to the brave men who can not receive too much honor nor too many tributes of love from all true Ameri- cans. His boyhood days were full of experience. The year prior to entering the army he had worked his way to Oregon, Illinois, where his uncle, H. A. Mix, a well-known lawyer, resided. He entered that gentleman's office as a copyist, and would probably have suc- ceeded his uncle in his business had he re- mained with that irentleman. When the war 640 BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0RY OF broke out tln« lad could not wait, hut stole off and enlisted before Ms uncle could use any influence to procure him some position above private. He refused assistance, and was determined to row hie own boat, and when he was offered the position of captain in a colored regiment he refused it. After bis return from the army he went to Chicago and entered the office of Ed brook, architect, where be learned the art of archi- tectural designing, at which he was engaged for three years. In 1868 he came to Deni- son, where he took a contract and erected a business building, after which be returned to Illinois. He spent the winter in that State, and then went into the employ of Borce & Duffin, of Omaha, Nebraska, as foreman on the Union Pacific railroad, as architect in the building of hotels and depots along the route of that road. After three years thus occu- pied he went to California, where he spent one year and erected tin- Golden Eagle Hotel, at Sacramento, California. He returned to Iowa, and Battled in Denison, where he has since made his home. He has been engaged in the erection of buildings ever since, as far West as the Black Hills. The marriage of Mr. Sewall occurred in Denison in August, 1872, to Miss Almina Weiting, a native of Otsego county, New ^ (irk. ami they have four children: John, a graduate of the class of 1892; Lewis, Ada and Allie are at home. In politics Mr. Sewall believes in the principles of the Democratic party, and is a man well and favorably known in this lo- cality. He [s the leading contractor and builder of Denison. Be is also a land-owner, possessing 200 acres in Denison township, mi section 7. which lie has improved and operates as a general farm. He has also made many improvements, and has erected a fine residence in Denison. He has built and sold a number of other houses. He is a live, energetic man, and has dune much toward the prosperity of his town. He can be called a self-made man. a- he began at the bottom. and has arrived by his own efforts at his present comfortable position. Socially, his family ranks with the best in Denison. f*£ >®#. fAMES SOESBE. one of the representa- tive citizens of Ida county, Iowa, has been a resident of Battle Creek since 'he spring of 1882. Following is a brief sketch of his life: James Soesbe was born in Whiteside coun- ty, Illinois, in April, 1838, son of Samuel and A. L. (Butler) Soesbe, natives of Ken- tucky and Pennsylvania, respectively, both now deceased. When he was two years old the family moved to Cedar county, Iowa, and located at what, is now JVIechanicsville, where he was reared on a farm and received a lim- ited education in the primitive subscription schools of that place. Being a close observer, however, and having natural business ability, he has in the school of experience obtained a fair education. In his youthful days he had Indian children for playmates, there being many more Indians in Cedar county than white people. He remained on the home farm, assisting his father until after he had reached his majority. In 18G0, at the age of twenty-two, he be- gan dealing in stock in Cedar county, and -from that time forward has been engaged in this business. In 1871 he went to Story county, and in 1881 came from there to Ida comity. During his early experience in the Stock business he often epenl days and weeks in driving hoirs from various places to the CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 041 shipping points, and has marketed dressed hogs at 2 cents per pound, taking in exchange one-half in merchandise and the other half in "wild-cat" currency. When the taxes came due this money was comparatively worthless, as gold and silver were demanded, and he had to sacrifice thirty per cent on the currency. Mr. Soesbe has experienced all the hardships incident to pioneer life, and has, unaided, won his way to financial success. Since his residence in this county he has been one of its most active and public-spirited men. He is a stockholder and director in the City Bank of Battle Creek. He owns considerable real estate in the county, which he has improved, having 320 acres devoted to agricultural pur- poses. Politically, he is an independent, and, socially, he affiliates with the A. F. & A. M., Perseverance Lodge, No. 446, of which he is Treasurer. Mr. Soesbe was married in 1865 to Miss A. M. Fuller, of New Hampshire. They have two children: Minnie E. and Ada L., both at home. jEUBEN HEFFELFINGER, one of the 1| early settlers of Crawford county, has been a resident here since September, 1866. He is a native of Tontogany, Wood county, Ohio, and was born February 18, 1839. He is the son of Archibald and Jane (Bernthistle) Heffelfinger, both of Pennsyl- vania and of German extraction. Reuben was reared in his native State to life on a farm and went to the public schools, and at the age of seventeen he began to look out for himself. He came as far West as Illinois, where he remained for four years engaged in farming. When the war broke out he was one of the first brave men to enlist, and he entered Company B, Thirteenth Illinois Vol- unteer Infantry, and was mustered out at Springfield, Illinois, June 23, 1864. He was in active service the most of the time and en- gaged in the following battles: Chickamaugua, Jackson (Mississippi), siege of Vicksburg, Chattanooga or Lookout mountain, aside from the number of skirmishes. After his service he returned to Illinois and resumed his for- mer position as clerk in a hardware store at Sterling, Illinois, as clerk and bookkeeper, and remained with this firm for some two years after his return from the army. In 1866 he came to Denison, Iowa, with a stock of hardware worth $5,000, and formed a partnership with his former employers, Thomas A. Gait & Co. under the firm name of Heffelfinger & Co. This firm existed for four years, when our subject bought the whole stock and conducted the business alone for four years. He then disposed of his stock, and in 1867 he was appointed Postmaster of Denison, Iowa, and held this office in connection with his business for seven years, the office being kept in his place of business. He was also agent for the American Express Company for the same period. After he sold his hard- ware business he gave up the post office and express business, and in 1876 he organized the Crawford County Bank, and continued with this company for eight years. He then withdrew from this business, and engaged for two years in farming, at which time he pur- chased the Climent Elevator, and engaged in the grain business, and after two years he formed a partnership with E. McKiin, under the firm name of Heffelfinger & Co., when they erected the Boyer Vailey Roller Mills at Denison, at which business our subject is still engaged. In 1889 he was appointed again to the position of Postmaster, and he 642 lUntlUAl'HlGAL HI STOUT <>t- now holds that position. lie affiliates with the Republican party, and baa acted officially as Mayor and as Trustee, and member of the School Board for .1 number of years, and for ten years was Treasurer of the School Board. Socially, he is a member of G. A. B., No 58, John A. Logan Post. He was married in Sterling, Illinois, to Miss Jennie Shepherd, a native of Illinois, and they have four children: Fred, who is the manager of the Hover Valley Roller Mills; Maud, de- ceased; Edna, at home; and Raymond W., also as home. Fred IleHVllinger was horn in Denison, Iowa, July 8, 1807, and grew to manhood and was educated in Deni6on, Iowa. He completed li is education with two years at Bit. Vernon, Iowa, and in 1885 he was taken into partnership with his father, in the grain and milling business. November 9, 1889, occurred bis marriage to Miss Nellie Mc- Clelland, of Denison, who was born Septem- ber 8, 1870. He is a stanch Republican, and a member of K. of P., Dowdall Lodge, No. 90, and is Chancellor-Commander of the order. He also belongs to the Sons of Vet- erans, and is a rising young man. •wisi/i/' ins^- ~? W. FLACK, member of the firm of De Wolf & Flack, merchants of Deni- ' son, Iowa, is a native of St. Lawrence county, New York, born March 16, 1844. He is the son of Thomas and Mary (Wallace) Flack. The family are descended from Irish and Scotch ancestors, and dates back several generations in the country, being among the early New England settlers. Both of the parents are deseased, the father d\ ing in New Iforfc Stale, and the mother in Iowa. Our subject was one of a family of twelve, of whom seven grew to manhood and woman- li I. Mr, Flack has two brothers in Iowa. N. B., of Boone, Iowa, and P. P.., of Early, Iowa. The others are: D. W., our subject; S. W., resident of Waddington, New York; Amanda A., wife of N. II. Reynolds, of Lis bon, New York. These five are all that are now living. Our subject was reared and educated in bis native place until he was nineteen years of age, when, December 24, he enlisted in Com- pany M, Sixtli New York Heavy Cavalry, lie was mustered out as Orderly Sergeant, May 24, 1864, on account of his being dis- abled. He returned to St. Lawrence county, New York, and remained there until Decem- ber, 1S65, when he came to Chicago and spent the winter of 1865- '66, attending the commercial college, having previously at- tended a like college at Poughkeepsie, New York, a branch of the school at Chicago, and was transferred to the latter after completing his course in Chicago. He then went to Michigan in 1866, making the trip overland, and remained until September, when he went to Salt Lake City, and remained until the last of December, and then went to Los Angeles, California, where lie remained over a year, when he went to San Francisco; going from there to Valparaiso, Chili, with a view to lo- cating there, but, owing to a smallpox epi- demic there, he at once returned to San Francisco, and thence to New York. His trip lasted over two years, and caused him a great ileal of trouble. New York did not suit him, so he remained there only a short time, and then went to Atchi- son county, Missouri, and engaged in op- erating a lumber and flour mill for four years, when, in 1872, he came to [owa, local ing on a farm in Sac county. He followed farming here quite extensively for four years, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 643 during which time he served as Deputy Reg- ister of Deeds for two years. After this he opened a livery stable at Sac City, and con- tinued in that business for two years. His next move was to Silver Cliff, Colorado, Cus- ter county, where he had charge of a steam- mill. The following two years were spent in Odebolt, Sac county, Iowa, engaged in agri- cultural implement business. He was then cashier of the Bank of Odebolt for two years. The following year he engaged in the general mercantile business at Sac City, and the next year went to Springfield, where he engaged in farming, after which he came to Denison in 1890, and has since been in business at this point. Mr. Flack is a thorough business man, and is a courteous, affable gentleman. During his six years' residence in Sac City, he served as Deputy Sheriff of Sac county, and while in that position did some good detective work, handling several cases quite successfully. He is a strong Republican, and a member of A. F. & A. M.,Mt. Zion Lodge, Darius Chapter, No. 78, Sac City, Rose Croix Commandery, No. 58. He was married July 29, 1882, to Miss Mary A. Hall, daughter of John and Mary Hall. She was born in Davenport, Iowa, 1859, March 26. They have one child, Dotty. Both Mr. and Mrs. Flack are very estimable people, and are highly esteemed by all who know them. tW. FIENHOLD, who has been identi- fied with the farming interests of 3 Crawford county, Iowa, since 1881, is one of its prominent and well-to-do citizens. His fine farm of 360 acres is located in sec- tion 14, Paradise township, and Ids post office address is Kenwood. Following is a brief review of Mr. Fienhold's life : He was born in Prussia, Germany, in 1841, son of John and Mary Fienhold, natives of that province. When he was twelve years old the family came to the United States and settled in Peru, La Salle couuty, Illinois, where he grew to manhood. The war coming on, our young friend en- listed in the service of his adopted country, in August, 1862, becoming a member of Company K, One Hundred and Fourth Illi- nois Infantry Volunteers. He was in the battle of Hartsville, Kentucky, where his regiment was captured. He was paroled and went into camp at Camp Fry, Ohio, until exchanged by the custom of war, after which he was with the Army of the Cumberland, participating in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge and Chattanooga, and being with General Sher- man ou his memorable march from Atlanta to the sea; thence to the Carolinas, on to Richmond, and then to Washington, where he witnessed the grand review. The war over, Mr. Fienhold was honorably discharged, and returned to his home in Peru, Illinois. A year later he went to Pontiac, Livingston county, that State, where he lived until 1879, then coming to Iowa, and locat- ing in Carroll county. In 1881 he came to Crawford county, and purchased the William A. Mctlenry farm, a well-improved and most desirable property. Paradise creek runs through it, and makes it specially adapted for stock purposes. Mr. Fienhold is also engaged in general farming. At the age of twenty-seven he was mar- ried at Pontiac, Illinois, to Miss Eva Zepp, a lady of social culture and refinement, and before her marriage a successful te usher in Livingston county. She was born in Wur- 044 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF temburg, Germany, and was a small girl wlien she came with her parents to the United States. They tirsi located in Ohio, from where they subsequently moved to Pontine, Illinois. Her parents died in Livingston county, that State. Mr. and Mrs. Fienhold have three children: Eda, Seth W. and Will- iam ( >scar. Mr. Fienhold is a Republican, and lias served as Township Trustee, lie is a mem- ber of the G. A. R., Bud Smith Post, No. 164, Dow City. fC. CONNOR, who is ranked with the intelligent and progressive men of 01 Washington township, is justly entitled to some mention in the history of Crawford county. Briefly given, a sketch of his life is as follows: J. C. Connor dates his birth in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, March 22, I860. His parents, -lames and Mary fGorry) Connor, natives of Ireland, came to America, and set- tled in Pennsylvania when young, and in that State were married. When. I. C. was three years old the family came to Iowa, and lo- cated near Georgetown, in Dubuque county, where they lived several years. In 1877 they came to Crawford county, first settling near Deinson, then south of Vail, and finally moved into Vail, where they now reside. The subject of our sketch was reared on a farm. At the age of nineteen he went to Mills comity, Iowa, later to Denver and Og- den, and then on to Idaho and Oregon, having charge of a gravel outfit for Samuel Tate, a prominent railroad contractor. Mr. Connor served two years as chock clerk, and afterward eight years as bill clerk at Pocatello, Idaho. Returning to Crawford county, he bought his farm of X * J* > acres in section 25, Washington township, ,,1' Mrs. W. I!. Warren. Thisprop- erty is nicely improved. His cottage home is 16x24 feet, a story and a half, with a one- story L, 14 x 16 feet. lie does general farming, and is also engaged in stock-rais- ing. Mr. Connor was married, in October, 1884, at Denison, Iowa, to Mary A. Jones, a native of Clinton county, Iowa. Her father died in Clinton county, Illinois, and her mother is now a resident of Dension, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Connor have two children: Maud .Julia, and Kmma May. They lost two sons, namely : Charles, who died in Idaho, at the age of five years; and Morris, who died in 1892, also aged liveyear8. Mr. Connor is one of the wheel horse6 of the Democratic party in his township. He is a man in the prime of life* is frank and cordial in his intercourse with his fellow- men, and is popular with all who know him. A. IRWIN, one of the prominent farmers of Coon Valley township, °Sac county, Iowa, was born in Des Moines county, this State, November 10, 1854. His parents, Robert and Mary (Bales) Irwin, were born and married in Ohio, his father a descendant of Scotch-Irish ancestry. After their marriage they came West and lo- cated near Burlington, Iowa, and from there subsequently moved to Tama county. In early life Robert Irwin was engaged in clerk- ing, but later settled on a farm and has since been identified with agricultural pursuits, lie is a Democrat and a member of the Meth- odist Kpiscopal Church. He and his wife reared a family of six children, namely: M. A.. N. B., E. E., Tama L., George and Minnie. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 64i The subject of our sketch was reared to farm life and received his education in the common schools of Tama county and at Iowa City. From 1876 until 1879 he lived in Des Moines county, and from there came to his present location in Sac county. Here he first bought eighty acres, afterward purchased forty acres more, and now owns 120 acres in section 23, which is well improved and nicely cultivated. His residence a story and a half, is 14 x 18 feet, with an L, 12 x 16 feet, and he has a good barn, 24 x 32 feet, with 16-foot posts. A modern windmill and an orchard and grove of three acres are among the other improvements on his farm. At the age of twenty-seven Mr. Irwin was married to Miss Sarah Wolf, a native of Stephenson county, Illinois, and a daughter of Daniel Wolf. Her father was a soldier in the late war and died while in the service. She died in 1882. In 1883 Mr. Irwin mar- ried her half-sister, Miss Jennie Greenwalt, daughter of Benjamin Greenwalt. They have six children: Roy L., Ruby Mav, Rob- ert Benjamin, Gracie E., Lola May and Lillian. He is a member of the Baptist Church, and in politics is a Democrat. IHARLES WILLARD COOK, of Cpok township. Sac county, Iowa, post office, Odebolt, a well-known capitalist and the owner of a large tract of land in this county, was born in Haddam, Connecti- cut, July 13, 1832. His parents, Wiilard and Abigail (Brainerd) Cook, were both de- scendants from old and prominent families of that State. Both families, originally, from England, were among the first to settle in this country, and were with the colony that went 46 among the Indians and settled on the banks of the Connecticut river, where the city of Hartford now stands. The genealogy of the Brainerd family can be found in all large public libraries. Mr. Cook lived in his native town until he was twelve years old, when his father, who was largely interested in the granite quarries of New England, wished to try his fortune in the great West, and removed with his family to a farm in Lake county, Illi- nois. Here they remained about eight years, when, as Chicago had commenced to grow rapidly, the father removed with his family, in 1854, to that city, where he engaged in the stone business, owning and operating a quarry in Joliet, Illinois, into which business. he took his two sons, Ansel B. and Charles W. Mr. Cook, of this sketch, was engaged with his father and brother until 1869. He then became interested in the wholesale coal busi- ness, with his office and yard on the north- western corner of Market and Adams streets, and at the same time commenced a money- brokerage business, his office being on East Washington street. He owned a large tract of timber land in Michigan, with a railroad track running back into the timber and ex- tending to the end of a large pier, where five vessels could load at a time with wood for Chicago. He was also largely interested in real estate in Chicago, in connection with which he erected large blocks of buildings each year on his vacant property, and he built the first block of stone-front buildings in West Chicago. He was at one time a director in three insurance companies, one of the founders and directors of two of the National Banks, and a director in a steam railroad and of the West Division Street Car Company. All of these, and other interests, and without a partner, made serious inroads on his health, until, at the age of thirty-two, he was obliged 646 BIOOHAt'lIfCAL IirsTOHY OF to retire from business; and, :i f t < r struggling with poor health for a year to get business closed, so In 1 could leave it. went with his wife and three children t>> Kurope for three years. Returning to this country with health too poor to re-enter business, he commenced investing money in different ways. Among his investments was the purchase, in 1874, of between 7,000 and 8,000 acres of land in the western part of Sac county, Iowa. This he commenced to improve by plowing strips of laud on each side of all roads, and then planted two rows of trees on each strip, forming beautiful avenues all over this large tract of land. He then divided this tract into farms of 320 acres each, and has put line improvements on all, and surrounded each set of buildings with a nice grove of trees. All of this makes it almost like a beautiful park, which has done much to improve and beautify the sur- rounding country. All of these farms are occupied by a fine elass of tenants, and with four Bchoolhouses on this tract, and a church situated at each end of it, it is a very desir- able place for those who are not able to pur- chase a comfortable home for themselves. Several of these first tenants have bought fine farms adjoining. Near the center of tin's tract, and on the line of Cook and Richland townships, Mr. Conk has erected a large and beautiful residence for his family. This is heated by hoi water and lighted by gas and has all other modern improvements. Here he passes his summers, while his winters are spent at the Hotel del Coronado, situated on the banks of the Pacific ocean in southern ( 'alifornia. Mr. Cook has been twice married. First, in 1857, to Miss Sarah A. ( loonley,of Ubanj . ork, who died in 1872, leaving three children: Charles tra, a wholesale merchant of Menominee, Michigan; Albert Eugene, manager of the Sac counts estate; and Emma, wife of Fredric [vee Carpenter, of Chicago. On dune 18, lS7f, Mr. Cook married Mrs. Jennie \V. Sterges, of Washington, District of Columbia, and a daughter of ( 'aptain John Wade, who was lost at sea with the steamer, Cuba, September 3, 1842. Mr. Cook's life has been a busy one, and as a citizen his actions have always been char- acterized by honor, integrity and affability, and lie justly enjoys the universal esteem of his fellow men. <©s G. ALLEN, residing on a farm near Lake View, in Coon Valley township, ° .Sac county. Iowa, is one of the well- known pioneers of the county* he having lo- cated here in 1866, when this country was all new and wild. Mr. Allen was born in Essex county. New York, in February, 1843, son of Ira and Sarah (Goodspeed) .Mien, natives of a place near Otter Creek. Vermont. The Aliens are of [rish descent, and the Goodspeeds of En- glish. Grandfather Allen served in the war of 1812, and Grandfather Goodspeed had a rother in that war. Ira and Sarah Allen had a family of eight children, se\ en son one daughter. Two of the sons, N. S. and S. G., served in the late war. Mrs. Allen died in St. Lawrence county. New York, at the age of Eorty-seven years, and Mr. Allen passed away in the same county at the age of eighty. He was a farmer all his life. In politics he was at first a Whig and afterward a Republican. S. ( ;. Allen was reare 1 in his native I lty, receiving his education in the district s. J D Iii 1862 lie enlisted in Com] any L, Eleventh New York Cavalry, for a term of three year-. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG 00VNT1ES. 647 and was in the Army of the Potomac. In 1863 the regiment was stationed at New Or- leans for six months and at Baton Rouse three months; was on garrison duty a portion of the time and was also in pursuit of bush- whackers. He was honorably discharged in July, 1865, at Memphis, Tennessee, after which he returned to his home in Essex county, New York. The following spring he came to Sac county, Iowa, and settled in Coon Valley township, where he rented land until the spring of 1892. Then he purchased eighty acres oi improved land, the property on which he now resides. Mr. Allen was married in 1866, in Essex county, New York, to Miss Mary Jane Bob- bins, a native of St. Lawrence county, that State, and a daughter of George Robbins. Mr. and Mrs. Allen have had live children, three of whom are living: Henry S., Sadie E., and Mabel Sylva. Nellie and Frank are deceased. Mr. Allen was identified with the Repub- lican party, and is a member of the G. A. R. Post, at Grant City, Iowa. JW^a*" ILLIAM MOOREHEAD.— I The father of our subject, John H. Moorehead, was born in Zanesville, Ohio, September 21, 1808, and was the son of Thomas and Rachel (Cochran) Moorehead, natives of Maryland and Virginia, respect- ively, being of Scotch-Irish descent. Johu Moorehead was reared in Zanesville, and in his life recalled the fact of seeing stumps still standing in some of the principal streets of that city. He was one of a family of six children, being the second, the names of the Others being: Washington, Joseph, William, Chaplin, Thomas, Mary and Louisa. Wash- ington was a physician and practiced for a long time in Zanesville. John, at an early age, turned his attention to the mercantile business, which he continued in his native city until 1851, when he migrated to Iowa, locating near Iowa City on a farm, and in 1856 coming to Ida county, became the first settler in the county. He purchased a tract of 1,000 acres, which was his first purchase, and to which he afterward added large tracts, becoming one of the largest land-owners in this part of that State. The farm has been divided into several pieces, but the old home place has been retained in the family, and upon this place the widow and the oldest son still reside. Mr. Moorehead was the first County Judge and served in many of the offices of trust in the county, organizing the county, becoming its Treasurer and proving himself of benefit in many ways. He was married November 14, 1844, to Miss Martha C. F. Good, of Charleston, Virginia, born July 6, 1814, a daughter of William and Anna (Forest) Good, natives of Maryland and Washington, District of Columbia, respect- ively. Mrs. Moorehead was born in Mar- tinsburg, Virginia, and was there reared and educated. She was one of a family of three, having a brother, Alexander, and a sister, Mary, both deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Moore- head became the parents of five children, as follows: Anna, wife of Rev. L. H. Wood- worth, D. D., of Ida Grove, Iowa; William, our subject, residing on the old home farm; Hammond, mercantile business, at Cleveland, Tennessee; Frank, a lawyer, residing in Ida Grove; and Giles, a physician of Ida Grove. Mr. Moorehead was the original platter of Ida Grove. He was much interested in real estate and endeavored to build up the county. A Republican in his politics; and he and his worthy wife were members of the Episcopal 048 ItloniiM'lIICAL HISTORY OF Church. .Mr. Moorehead devoted much time to agriculture and the raising of fine stock. William, the oldest son of the family and 0Ur6ubject, has always made his homo on the homestead, where he has given his attention to forming and the raisins of stock. He is much interested and has been very successful in the breeding of Shorthorn and Jersey cattle, of which he has a large herd, and raises Poland-China hogs. Mr. Moorehead is striving to improve the class of cattle raised in the State. Hi- was born March 4, 1849. Was educated at college, at Davenport, Iowa. The marriage of our subject occurred July 3, 1882, to Miss May Bassett, daughter of Thomas Bassett, born in Zanesville, Ohio, but she was removed by death November 27, 18N~. at the a beginning of the American Involution. in 177(5, this branch of the family remained loyal to the crown and removed to the British province of New Brunswick, and in 1800 removed to Little York (now Toronto), when that place con- sisted of but four dwellings. Two members Of the family were prominent figures for man; years (hiring the early formation of the Provincial Government. On the ont- Itreak of the war of 1M2 they took arms against the invaders in defense of their conn- try. One member of the New Jersey Mont- gomery s, General Montgomery, fell at the head of his troops at Quebec. The subject of our sketch began the active business of life in the capacity of steward of the Algoma, a steamer of the Lake Superior A: l.ike Huron Steam Navigation Com- pany's line, continuing thus for four years. In 1870 he came to Stuart, Iowa, with his family, and in December, 1871, lost his all by tire. Shortly after this he removed to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and was identified with the wholesale house of Smith, Mnllin it Vorhees. as traveling salesman, covering the territory of northern Iowa for five years, dnring which time he enjoyed the confidence of his employers, and made a wide acquaint- ance among the most progressive men of the State. In November, 1885, he purchased the drug and stationery business of William Warner at Battle Creek, Iowa, and began the building of a business which is a credit to that little city. In the following year be as- iated with himself Mr. E. C. Bronson, a graduate of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, a practical dispenser of many year.-" expend who in his Capacity as such enjoys the entire confidence of the people. Misfortunes, beyond his power to avert, have twice come to Mr. Montgomery, with crushing force. On July 4, 1875, be lost 1) is wife, wlio was Miss Emily Plant, of Owen Sound, Canada, two sons and his father, by drowning at the ford through Middle river, on the homestead, while returning from a celebration, himself out with the family; and on October 15, 1892, he again lost two sons in a similar manner, one little fellow ac- cidently falling into the Maple river, and the older one lost his life also by nobly endeavor- ing to save his brother. The oidy surviving child, Fred Alexander, is now twenty-one years of age. Mr. Montgomery's present wife was Miss Ethel B. Piper, daughter of John Piper, Esquire, of Devonshire, Eng- land. Religiously. Mr. Montgomery and his family are Episcopalians. He is a Royal Anli Mason, a member of the Grand Lodge of Masons, of Iowa. 1892, also a member of the Knights of Pythias. Politically, he is a Cleveland Democrat; of a literary and artistic turn, much of his time has been devoted to pursuit in those directions, resulting in a la- cilty with pen and pencil, which make many demand.- on both. Mr. Montgomery is also the regular cor- respondent of several leading newspapers. Many •• bits "from his pencil have found their way into various magazines and periodicals of the country, and several paintings and por- traits from his brush are prized by their pos- sessors. Thinking to find more time to de- vote to those pursuits in the country, and being satisfied with a modest income, he de- cided to settle in Battle Creek, as before stated, and the somewhat rare spectacle of an CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 651 Iowa drug store, from which no liquor is sold is here afforded. He is known as a social and active business man, who is thoroughly alive to the interests of the community, and the section of country in which he lives. F. JUDIESCH, Postmaster of Hol- stein, Ida county, Iowa, was born in i ® Muscatine county, this State, Feb- ruary 14, 1853, a 6on of Rev. F. W. and Louisa (Weeise) Judiesch, natives of Prussia, Ger- many. The father was a minister in the Congregational Church. They came to Mus- catine county, Iowa, in 1841, where they were among the pioneer settlers. Both now reside at Davenport, Iowa. Of their nine children, one son took part in the late war, A. F., a member of the Ninth Iowa Cavalry, and served three years and three months. W. F. Judiesch was reared and educated at Grand View, Louisa comity, Iowa, and at an early age began teaching, spending fourteen years as an educator and teacher, with good success. In 1884 he located in Holstein, Ida county, where he was principal of the schools for some years; later engaged in the hard- ware trade with E. A. McCutchen. and after- ward purchased his partner's interest in the establishment. As a business man he has met with great success, having the confidence of all with whom he has dealings. Politi- cally, Mr. Judiesch affiliates with the Repub- lican party, has served as City Recorder, and as a member of the School Board. Socially, he is a charter member of the K. of P., Ingomar Lodge, No. 55, in which he has served in official capacity. W. F. Judiesch was married in Jones county, Iowa, in 1876, to Carrie Sinkey, who was born, reared and educated in that county, and was a successful teacher three years before marriage. Her parents, Thomas and Emily (Hildreth) Sinkey, were natives of Ohio. Our subject and wife have six children: William F., Louisa May, Thomas O, Marv, Winifred, James and Ezra. Mr. Judiesch is a member of the Methodist Church, and is Superintendent of the Sunday-school. He is one of Holstein's business men, is active in education and religion, and also in every moral enterprise. fS. M ANSON, a dealer in grain, seeds and coal, in Holstein, Iowa, was born in Dodge county, Wisconsin, Septem- ber 30, 1851, a son of John and Christena (McMullen) Manson, natives of Nova Scotia, and of Scotch ancestry. The family came to Wisconsin in 1845, where the father died in 1888, aged sixty-eight years, and the mother is now living at Shawano county, that State. The former was a millwright by trade, and for many years was engaged in lumbering and operating sawmills. Mr. and Mrs. Man- son were the parents of twelve children, five sons and seven daughters. One son, Alec, was a soldier in the late war. F. S. Manson, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native State. In 1877 he located in Cherokee county, Iowa, where he improved a good farm south of Aurelia, in Diamond township. He came to his present location in 1882. His grain ele- vator lias a capacity of 10,000 bushels an- nually, and he handles about 400 carloads of grain. Mr. Manson deals in both hard and 6oft coal, and is one of the most prominent and progressive business men of Holstein. Politically, he affiliates with the Republican party, and has served as Alderman of this BIOGRAPHICAL HISTOBT OF city, and ae a member of the Town Council. Socially, he is a member of the Masonic Order, and a charter member of the K. of 1'., [ngomar Lodge, No. r>5, in which he has served as I district I >eputy. Our subject was married in this city to Miss May Pratt, and they have < >ne son, Scotl I'". Mr. Manson is interested in numer- ous enterprises in Holstein, and is one of its well-known and respected citizens. -^sinszs- ~7/Ws<^- |ARL SCHUKKE,a member of the firm of Harm & Schurke, Charter < >ak, [owa, was born in Prussia, Germany, January 13, 1847, son of Carl and Sophia (Enap) Schurke. The father was a farmer all his life. He died in Clinton county. Iowa, in 1872, the same year he came to America. The mother is now a resident of Crawford county, Iowa. They had a family of -i\ children, all of whom reside in ('raw ford county. Carl Schurke was reared and educated in his native country, and when he was in his twenty-fifth year, in 1870. came to America and located in Clinton county, Iowa, where he engaged in farming five years. He then came to Crawford county, bought 200 acres in Stockholm township, settled on it and at once began its improvement. He erected a good house and barn and other farm build- ings, and developed the place into one of the best in this vicinity. The house was built at a cost of $1,800. He also planted groves and an orchard, and here he lived for twelve year-, engaged in general farming and stock- raising. In 1887 Mr. Schurke came to Charter < >ak and engaged in the general merchandise business, and ha,- since been associated with Mr. Harm, under the firm name given at the beginning of this Bketch. They carry one of the l>e.-t assorted stocks of g Is in this county, and both being obliging men, are doing a thriving business. Mr. Schurke is politically a Democrat. He held the offices of School Director and Road Supervisor in Stockholm township, and since coming to Charter Oak has been City Councilman and a member of the School Hoard. Both politically and financially he ranks with the leading citizens of Charter Oak. he began life without any capital, and unaided lias worked his way up to his present position of wealth and influence. Besides hi- residence ami business property here, he also owns a farm of 160 acres in Brnle county, South Dakota. He was married February 43, 1870, just before leaving his native land, to Miss Caro- line Petersen, daughter of William and Sophia (Quondt) Petersen. She was born in Germany, -Inly 26, 1847. They have a fam- ily of eight children, namely: Amelia. Ma tibia. Amil, Alvena, Lena, William, Barney and Paul. Amelia is the wife of J. L. Wal- ter, Charter Oak, Iowa. The family are members of the Lutheran Church. K. I5ARNKS, contractor and builder, Ida (hove, Iowa, is ranked with the ° early settlers of Ida county, he having located here in the spring of 1872. Follow- ing is a brief resume of his life: Mr. Barnes is a native of Sheldon, frank- lin county, Vermont, born November 5, 1846, son of Edmond and Lanrinda (Alford) B arnes , natives of Maine and Vermont, re- spectively, and now residents of Ida < hove. From hi- tenth year the subject of our CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 653 sketch was reared in Delaware county, Iowa, to which place the family had moved at that time and settled on a farm. The father, however, was a carpenter by trade, and with him G. F. first worked at that business. From the time he was twenty-one his chief occupation has been that of carpenter, con- tractor and builder. October 8, 1862, Mr. Barnes enlisted in Company B, Fourth Iowa Cavalry, and after serving faithfully all through the war, was mustered out at Atlanta, Georgia, August 11, 1865. He was taken prisoner at or near La Grange, Tennessee, and was held for some time at Macon, Georgia. While being transferred from there to Anderson ville, he and a number of others made their escape from a car by cutting a hole through the floor and dropping through it when the train stopped for wood and water. He was away from his company about three months. He participated in numerous skirmishes and battles, prominent among which we mention those of Vicksburg, Jackson, Nashville, Sel- ma and Guntown. The war over, Mr. Barnes returned to his old home, where, after a year's sickness, he took up his present occupation. In 1870 he moved to Knoxville, Marion county, and two 3'ears later came to Ida Grove, where he has since made his home. He has been identi- fied with the building interests of Ida Grove from the time the town started, and has erected perhaps as many buildings as any man in the county. Mr. Barnes has also taken a prominent part in public affairs. He served as Deputy Sheriff six years, City Assessor ten years, Township Clerk four years, and is at present a candidate for County Clerk, chosen by the Democratic Convention in August, 1892. He has been a prominent worker in the Democratic party. He organized the first Democratic caucus in this county, and was a delegate to the State Convention. Fraternally, he is associated with the A. F & A. M., Kane Lodge, No. 377, and also with the G. A. R., Matthew Gray Post. Mr. Barnes was married, in 1870, to Miss Melvina Clark, a native of New York State. They have three children, namely: Rosa L., an accomplished young lady, in the employ of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail- road, at Sioux City, Iowa; Gertrude L., aged fourteen years; and Raymond, twelve years old. The family are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. ->-^£^*^ BsF SLATER. — Few men are more T|| widely and favorably known through- o^° out Crawford county, Iowa, than the subject of this sketch, whose name is synony- mous with all that is upright and honorable. F. J. Slater, thecapable and popular man- ager of the business of McConnell tfc Sons, extensive dealers in grain, at Manilla, Iowa, is an old settler of the county, having resided here for twenty years, and is well known and highly respected throughout the community. He took charge of his present position in August, 1891, and his ability has been well tested by the extensive operations in which he is engaged. He lias charge of an elevator of 8,000 bushels capacity, and buys and ships large quantities of grain. The subject of this sketch was born in Albion, Dane county, Wisconsin, June 5, 1854, son of John and Harriet (Slagg) Slater, natives of England, the former born in Shef- field. The father was reared to the trade of a mechanic, and was married in the " tieht little isle," and shortly afterward emigrated .;.-> I lilOfillM'lUCM. H18T0RY OF with liis wife to America, becoming early Bettlere of Wisconsin. W Jit- 1 1 the subject of this sketch was Beven years of age his parents removed from Dane to Iowa county, in the same State, where they resided until young Slater was seventeen years of age. Be was reared to farm life, and received a common- school education in Iowa county. In ls72 the family removed to Crawford county, [owa, settling on wild laud south of Vail, where they improved a farm. The subject of this notice afterward went to Perry, Iowa, where he was engaged in the grain trade, but in 1891, as previously stated, accepted his present position, in which he has been very successful. His father is also a resident of Manilla, where lie follows his trade of a mechanic. Politically. Mr. Slater advocates the prin- ciples of the Republican party. Socially, he affiliates with the I. O. O. F., being a worthy member of Lodge No. 312, of Manilla. He is in the prime of life, of strong physique, and frank and jovial in manner, and as a business man and citizen enjoys universal esteem. [AVID POWERS, who is pleasantly situated on a farm of 100 acres, located two miles and a half from Manilla, is one of the substantial and highly respected citizens of Crawford county. lie has lived here since 1883, is thoroughly identified with the best interests of the community, and it is with pleasure that we present the following sketch of his life: David Powers was horn on Prince Edward [eland, July 15, L849, son of David and Elizabeth (Barstow) Power.-, both natives of that place. When he was eighteen months old his parents moved to Iowa county. Wis- consin, being among its pioneer Bettlere. There the father improved a fine farm and reared his family. He died in that county, aged pevenfy-five years. All his life was spent in agricultural pursuits. For a num- ber of years he was a Republican, hut later in life affiliated with the Prohibitionists. He was a man of stronj_ r religions convic- tions, was an Elder in the United Presby- terian Church, and an active worker in the same. The mother, now a venerable woman of eighty years, still resides in Iowa county, Wisconsin. < >f their eight children only three are now living, namely: John, Iowa county, Wisconsin; Mrs. William Flint. Crawford county, Iowa; and David, whose name heads this article. One son was a soldier in the late war, and diud at Memphis. David Powers was reared in Wisconsin, on his father's farm, and early in life was taught that industry and honesty formed the foundation of all true success. He had o-ood educational advantages. His common-school education was supplemented by a course at Albion Academy, Albion, Wisconsin. After completing his studies, he was for fourteen years engaged in teaching, during which time he gained an enviable reputation as an educator. Five years he taught in Ashland, Wisconsin. It was on account of failing health, caused by too close confinement, that he was obliged to retire from the profession and seek an occupation more conducive to health. He then came to Crawford county, Iowa, where he had some friends and rela- tives, and here bought 10(1 acres of wild prairie land. To the development of this laud he has since devoted his attention, the result being his present nicely improved farm. His house is 20 \ 26 feet, located on a natural building site, and surrounded with CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 655 lawn, grove and orchard. He has four acres and a half set out in maple, ash and cotton- wood trees, all showing fine growth. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, having some good grades of horses, cattle and hogs. Mr. Powers was married at Albion, Wis- consin, November 29, 1878, to Miss Ger- trude Hurdick, she too being a popular and successful teacher. She was reared and edu- cated in Albion, daughter of Charles and Mary A. (Wood) Burdick. Her father was born in New York, and is now deceased. Her mother resides at Milton, Rock county, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Powers have two children: Harvey E. and Ruby Elizabeth, aged eleven and five years respectively. Mr. Powers takes an active interest in ad- vancing education, temperance, good morals and religion, and every laudable public enter- prise is sure to find in him a hearty sup- porter. Re is now serving as Clerk of his township. Both he and his wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is a teacher in the Sabbath-school. =r'.C?>.-:-^ -*-*<- RICHARD BURNS is a farmer residing JVK on section 1, in Boyer township, Craw- ford county, Iowa. He located here in 1872 and bought a farm of raw prairie. He was born in Fulton county, New York, in December, 1840, and was the fifth child in a family of seven children born to Barney and Margaret (McCauley) Burns. The father was from the north of Ireland and when a young man he left his native country and came to America with his wife some time be- tween 1823 and 1831. He settled in Fulton county, New York, and carried on his trade of glove-maker in the town of Gloversville. He always made his home in that State and his death occurred in Johnstown in 1866. His excellent wife survived him until August, 1891. They reared a family of seven chil- dren, of whom four are now living: Barney resides in Johnstown, New York; George re- sides at Gloversville, New York; James 1. lives in Davenport, Iowa, and is there em- ployed in the Government employ in the ar- senal. Our subject was reared in the town of Johnstown, New York, and was educated in the district schools there. He was one of the brave men who took up the musket for the defense of the Union and enlisted Sep- tember 30, 1862, for three years. He entered Company D, One Hundred and Fifty-third New York Infantry, and was mustered into service October 17. His experience began under General Sheridan in the Shenandoah valley, and he was engaged in the battles of Cedar Creek, Winchester, and all of the minor engagements of the section, and then was transferred to New Orleans and was on the Red river campaign at AleAandria, Opelonsas aud thence to Manstield, Louisiana, and then was returned to the Shenandoah valley and remained there until the surrender of Lee. Then this company was sent to Savannah city to do provost duty until the close of the war. He was honorably discharged at Savannah, October 17, 1865, and retnrned to Johns- town, New York. He then engaged in work in the glove factory until he decided to move to the West and came to Crawford county, Iowa. Our subject was married in 1868 to Miss Margaret Vosburg, a native of Fulton county, New York, who was the daughter of Barent and Margaret (Hubbs) Vosburg. The father was a native of Montgomery county, New York, who had moved to Iowa in 1855, but <;.-,(-, BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF who returned to .New York. He now resides in Boyer township, Crawford county, and also own* 1 JO acres near Woodbine, in Har- rison county. He then returned to New York, where Ids death occurred in 1859. His estimable wife survived him until 1861. Mrs. Burns is the only member of her family now living. This land purchase remained as prairie and in 1872 our subject came and located on the place. He commerced extensive improve merits and soon had about two acres planted in shade, ornamental and orchard trees. Our subject now owns some 280 acres and has all under cultivation and fenced. He raises some stock and is considered a very success- ful farmer in this section. Mr. Burns takes some interest in politics and always votes with the Democratic party. He was a member of a G. A. R. Post while in New York. There are five children in the family of Mr. Burns: Kittie, Lott'e, Lilian. Aaron and Belle. The Methodist Church is the denom- ination which claims this family as members and in this connection they are highly valued. The changes which Mr. and Mrs. Burns have seen in this neighborhood have been wonderful and Mr. Burns has never been be- hind when the object has been to favor any interest for the development of his chosen home. W. SUTTON, a prominent and influ- ential citizen of Odebolt, Iowa, is a ' 9 member of the firm, C. W. Sutton & Son, hardware merchants. This business was established in the city, June, 1873. in a small store in the same location, occupied by the firm ever since. When thev began busi- ness the stock was very small, but now they carry a very large assortment of go<>d> in their line, consisting <>f hardware, stoves, tinware, pumps, oils, a full line of farming implements, cooper and Old's wagons; wag- ons from I). M. Seder, of Moline, Moline Buggy Company Works, and the Iladock Buggy Works, of Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1892 the firm erected a fine two-story im- plement building, 100 x 26, which is one of the finest in the county. Under this is a basement. This building was built for bag- gies, implements, hardware and cutlery, and a room in the rear accommodates the tin shop. Another room, 26 x 70 feet, contains the paints, oils, pumps, etc. The stock is valued from $12,000 to §15,000. C. W. Sutton, the senior member of this firm, was born in Wayne county. New York, July 17, 1835, son of Charles C. 11. and Ito- sella (Bishop) Sutton, natives of Massachu- setts and Rhode Island, respectively, although of English extraction. Our subject was reared in his native State, and educated at the high school of his native place. At the age of twenty he came West to Iowa, locating in James county, where he engaged in farm- ing for several years, when in 1875 he en- gaged in the hardware business, which he pursued until coming to Odebolt in 1879, where he established the above mentioned firm. Mr. Sutton is practically a self-made man, and has accumulated his present wealth by his own persistent effort. Mr. Sutton was married, in 1858, to Miss Fannie Hause, who died in IStiS, after bear- ing her husband four children, namely: George, member of the firm of Sutton & Son; Rosella, wife of Allen Duke of James county, Iowa; Florence, wife of West McDaniel, of .lames county, Iowa; and Edith, wife of W. S. Faiker, of Iowa, is a graduate of Barton CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 657 Conservatory of Music. Mr. Sutton was mar- in Odebolt, in 1882, February, to Lucinda Taylor, and four children have been born of this union, namely: Lula, Nora, Charles, and Alice. Politically, Mr. Sutton is a Republican, and has held the office of Justice of the Peace for several years. Has also held the position of Mayor of the city of Odebolt, and at the present time is a memberof the School Board. Socially, Mr. Sutton is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, being connected with Wheeler Lodge, No. 398. He is one of the most ac- tive members, as well as Trustee of the Methodist Church, and is highly esteemed in that body. « • . fRED L. BOYNTON, an attorney-at-law ofWestside,was born inBoston, Massachu- setts, March 14, 1863, a son of S. T. and Mary F. Boynton. In 1870 the family moved to Carroll county, Iowa, settling four miles south of Arcadia. Their nearest neighbor was four miles distant, and the most common sight in the morning was a small herd of deer, or a few scam- pering wolves. In 1875 they came to W«stside. Mr. and Mrs. Boynton were the parents of two children: Fred L., the sub- ject of this sketch; and Gertrude Belle, a successful and popular teacher of this city. Siie was educated at the Iowa State Normal School. Fred L. Boynton was a lad of seven years when his parents came to this State, and he grew to manhood in Carroll and Crawford counties. He attended the State Normal School, at Cedar Falls, and the State Agri- cultural College, at Ames, Iowa. Our sub- ject entered college under sixteen yearsof age, and was the youngest student on record for a decade. He was the youngest law graduate of the State University of Iowa, at Iowa city during its history, having graduated a few days after bis twentieth birthday, his diploma being dated with class diplomas, June 19, 1883 following, and was held in suspension until his majority was attained, as required by law. He was admitted to the bar at Har- lan, Iowa, under Hon. James Lyman, who was a warm friend of our subject. The latter was for a time in the office of Judge George W. Paine, of Carroll. He came to this city to settle the business of the Exchange Bank of Westside, and has gained an enviable position among the leading attorneys here. Mr. Boynton was married on Thanksgiv- ing Day, 1889, in this city, to Mamie Har- ris, a native of Clinton county, and a daughter of George L. Harris. She was a successful and popular teacher before mar- riage. To this union was born one daughter, Margarete. Mr. Boynton has attained prom- inence in secret society circles. Soon after being made a Mason, our sub- ject was elected Worshipful Master of Set- ting Sun Lodge, where he served three years, attending Grand Lodge sessions. He takes great pride in the Masonic institution, hav- ing nearly reached the summit of those hon- ors attainable in the Masonic institution, and enjoys a wide acquaintance with prominent people of the West who are members of the Mystic Shrine, of which he is a Noble. In 1889-90 he was District Deputy Grand Chancellor of the Grand Lodge of Knights of Pythias of Iowa, and a member of the Iowa Grand Lodge. Mr. Boynton finds great pleasure in hunt- ing, boating, and fishing, being an expert with a rifle and shotgun. He is a popular young man, and enjoys a wide and extensive acquaintance with prominent men through- out the State. 058 UhHiliM'llH'M. IIISTOHY OF Since the above sketch was diafted, Mr. Boynton has removed to Kingfisher, Okla- homa Territory, where he has at a single stride stepped to the front rank, lie has during six months' residence become one of the best known, as well as favorably known, business man of that enterprising city. As a member of the Board of Trade, lie was made chairman of one of the most important com- mittees, and was intrusted with the drawing of several hills to he placed before the Leg- islature of 1893. jAKNETT BRAZELL, who for thirteen years was prominently identified with the farming interests of Crawford coun- ty, Iowa, departed this life September 20, 1887. It is appropriate that more than a passing mention be made of him in this work, and a resume of his life is herewith presented: Baruett Brazell was born in Indiana in the .year 1842, son of Andrew Jackson and Ber- nice(McGuire) Brazell, descendants of French and Irish ancestry. He was reared on a farm in his native State, and in 1802 came to Iowa and located in Clinton county. He came to Iowa a poor boy, and, unaided, worked his way up until at the time of his death he was ranked with the wealthy and influential men of his community. He married soon after coming to this State, bought some land and settled on it, and all his life was devoted to agricultural pursuits. lie and his brother owned a half-section of land in partnership in Clinton county. After living on it sev- eral years he sold if in 1874, and came to Crawford county. His first purchase here was eighty acres of partially improved land on section 2, Charter dak township, ami on this place he passed the rest of his life. As prosperity attended him he made purchases of other land from time to time until he be- came the owner of 1,200 acres in Charter Oak ami Soldier township-. He was one of the most progressive and public-spirited men of the county, his life was characterized by honest industry and frugality, and bis many estimable qualities won for him hosts of friends. He was a man of broad and pro- gressive views, and in politics was an active worker in the Democratic party. Mr. Brazell married Miss Marjraret, dauirh- ter of William Squibb. They had four chil- dren, namely: Jerome; Jennie B., wife of Edward G. Hess, Charter Oak township; William B., Soldier township; and Flora, who resides with her brother Jerome on the 4 old home place. Jerome Brazell was born in Clinton county, Iowa, December 27, 1861, and was brought up to farm life, receiving his education in the public schools. He remained at home some three years after he had attained his ma- jority, and then farmed two years in Hanover township, this county. After the death of his father he came back to the old home, and has since had the management of affairs here. He is a young man of integrity and business ability, and as an enterprising farmer is fol- lowing in the footsteps of his honored father. Politically, he is a Democrat. C. HARDY, one of the representative citizens of Charter Oak township, 1 Crawford county, Iowa, is well known throughout this section of the country for the in teres 1 he has taken in the breeding of fine stock. He began life a pool- boy, and un- aided has worked his way up until he now CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 659 ranks with the well-to-do men of the county. Mr. Hardy was born in White county, In- diana, April 1, 1859, son of C. and Elizabeth (Guss) Hardy, the former of Irish and the lat- ter of German extraction. His father is de- ceased and his mother still resides in Indiana. He was reared on a farm in his native State, and remained there until March, 1879, when he came West and took up his abode in Charter Oak township, Crawford county. Iowa. Here he worked on a farm by the month for three years. Then he bought 160 acres of prairie land in section 32 and put a herd of cattle on it. About this time he married, settled on his land, and began its cultivation and improvement. From there he moved to his present farm of 120 acres in section 28, Charter Oak township. He has made all the improvements on this place ex- cept building the residence. In 1888 he sold his first purchase. While Mr Hardy is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, he has since 1886 given special attention to the breeding of fine hogs, the Poland-China stock. His herd is composed of over 200 head, to which he has recently added a fine hog bred by J. H. Be- bant, of Rushville, Indiana. This hog, " Free Trade," was sired by " Free Trade," one of the greatest prize Manners in the United States, valued at §800, his sons bringing from $100 to $300. Mr. Hardy's herd is sired principally by " George Wilks," a tine speci- men of hog flesh, which he owns. Our sub- ject was also the first to introduce the Percheron horse into this county. In 1886 he bought a tine stallion of Mr. Dunham, of Illinois, and two years later purchased an- other. For several years he raised a large number of horses. He has some full-blooded registered shorthorn cattle, and breeds for special sale. Mr. Hardy was married in December, 1882, to Miss Mary A. Mains, daughter of Thomas Mains, of Perry county, Ohio. They have two children: Ed and Daisy. He affiliates with the Republican party. fOSEPH SLAGG, whose pleasant home is located a mile and a half from Manilla, is one of the early settlers of Crawford county, Iowa, having been identified with its interests since 1876. Mr. Slacrs was born in Derbyshire, En- gland, March 27, 1839, son of Henry and Elizabeth (Parker) Slagg, natives of that place. In 1849 the family came to America, sailing from Liverpool, and landing at New York, after a voyage of four weeks. They settled near Albion, Dane county, Wisconsin, where the father improved a good farm, ard where he and his wife passed the rest of their days and died, the mother at the age of fifty- six years, and the father, at eighty-three. Their la?t resting place is in Albion Prairie Cemetery. They were members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, and his political affiliations were with the Republican party. This worthy couple had a family of eleven children, nine sons and two daughters. Two of the sons, Alexander and Joseph, were in the late war. The former was a member of the Twenty-third Wisconsin Infantry Volun- teers. He died at Milliken's Bend, Louisi- ana. in 1863, aged tAenty-six years. Joseph was a lad of ten years when the family took up their abode in Dane county, AVisconsin, and there he grew up on his father's farm and received his education in the district school near home. At Lincoln's call for « 300,000 more," he enlisted August 15 1862, in the Twenty third Wisconsin In- iw;o nioiiHAi'iiicM. liisnnn of fantry Volunteers, Company D, ColoDelJ. J. Guppey ami Captain Joseph E. Green, lie participated in numerous battles and skir- mishes throughout the South, ever actingthe pari of a brave soldier, and at Mobile. Ala- bama, was honorably discharged July 4, L865. 1 1 <- was paid off and mustered out at Madi- Bon, Wisconsin. "While in the service he received injury to his eyes, from the effects of which he has never recovered. After the war Mr. Slali in. March 26, IN 17, and was a son of Nathan Williams. He spent his hoy 1 1 days on a farm, and Learned the trade of carpenter, at which he was engaged Eor several years. His education was limited, but he was a man who sought after knowledge, and he took up the business of surveying, at which he became an expert. In the State of Michigan he met Miss Martha Ingraham, and to her hewa9 married November 1, 1S43, and they made their home in Van Buren county, Michigan, until cum ing to Sac county, Iowa, in 1856; While in Michigan he was engaged in the mercantile business, and after coming to Sac county, he engaged in farming, combined with surveying. He started the first store in Grant City, and also erected the first sawmill at that point. He was one of the most active men of the county in building up the same, in favoring the erection of schoolhouses, bridges, etc. The faithful wife of Mr. Williams was born in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, January 26. L824, a daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth (Day) [ngraham, natives of Connecticut. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have been the parents of twelve children, six of whom are deceased. The names of this family are as follows: Richard M., a resident of Nebraska; Elizabeth, de- ceased; Wintield S., a resident of Calhoun county, Iowa; Erances A., the wife of J. Webb, of Wall Lake; William II. , a physician of Wall Lake; Joseph M., a merchant in Wall Lake; and Clara May, the wife of O. 11. Me- nold, of Wall Lake. Mrs. Williams is a member of the Methodist Church, an 1 she and her husband are well advanced in years, but hear the crown of age well, and are in the enjoyment of health. In 1880, they re- moved to Nebraska, where they spent one year, and then returned to Iowa, and in l^s6 they located at Wall Lake. Iowa. The fam- ily is one of the re] ive families of the neishborh 1. CRAWFOBD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 661 Dr. W. H. Williams, the son of the worthy people, whom it was a pleasure to mention as above, was one of the first, children born in Sac county, Iowa, August 9, 1861. He was comfortably reared and attended school, also assisted his father in the store, early display- ing a taste for medical studies. At the age of fourteen years he began the study of the healing art, and when he had reached the age of twenty years he became a student in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keo- kuk, Iowa, in 1881-'82. He returned to Grant City for a short time, and then located at Lake View, where he was engaged in prac- tice some four years. At this time he took a course at Rush Medical College, Chicago, graduating in the class of 1885- , 86, and then he located at "Wall Lake, December 1, 1886, where he accepted a position as Surgeon for the Northwestern Railroad. Dr. Williams gives especial attention to the diseases of women, to nose, throat and ear troubles, and is now one of the leading physicians and surgeons of the county. He makes surgery a special line. The Doctor is a stanch Republic.au, a mem- ber of A. F. & A. M., Lake Lodge, No. 390, Darius Chapter, Rose Croix Commandery, No. 38, and also of I. O. 0. F. and K. of P. He is also a member of the Iowa Medical Society; Central Iowa Medioal Association: American Medical Association; also the American Railroad Surgeons' Association, and the American Health Association. |EORGE BLASS, one of the well-known and representative citizens of Sac county, was born in Hesse Darmstadt, Ger- many, in October, 1836, a son of Lenhart and Anna May (Hoch) Blass. The mother 47 died in Germany, at the age of seventy- six years, and the father afterward came to Lee county, Illinois, where hedied at the age of sev- enty years. He was a farmer by occupation, and a member of the Lutheran Church. George Blass, our subject, was reared and educated in his native land. In 1857, at the age of twenty-one years, he sailed from Ham- burg, reaching New York on May 1 follow- ing, and on the following 14th he left for Lee county, Illinois, locating near Mendota. He was engaged in farming there until in October, 1861, when he enlisted in the Fifty- fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry; was first under fire at Shiloh, and was there wounded by a minie ball on the left side of the face. After spending three months in the hospital, Mr. Blass returned home for six weeks; later joined his regiment at Memphis, Tennessee; took part in the siege of Vicksburg, Jack- son, Black River Bridge, Haine's Bluff, and in the latter place his regiment met with a heavy loss. He then returned to Vicksburg; later went to Jackson, took part in the bat- tles of Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge, and his regiment on the extreme left; then marched to Nashville, reaching there after a severe inarch, and barefooted. Our subject afterward received a veteran furlough, joined the division at Big Shanty, took part in the battles of Kenesaw Mountain, Jonesboro, followed Hood back to Tennessee, went to Atlanta, thence to Savannah, Fort, McAllis- ter, Columbia, Richmond, Washington, Dis- trict of Columbia, Louisville, and was honorably discharged at Arkansas Post. After the close of the struggle Mr. Blass returned to Lee county, Illinois, and in 1874 began improving a farm in Benton county, Iowa. In 1882 he traded his land there for 160 acres in Boyer Valley, Sac county, where he now resides. The farm is well improved, oca BIOOliM'IllCM. 11 1 STOUT OF has a >_ r 1 frame house, ■ and a half stories high, lti x 24 feet, ami all other farm con- veniences. In 1805, in Leu county. Illinois, our sub- ject was united in marriage with Miss Mar- garet Uessler, a native of Saxotiy, and a daughter of Bonial and Margaret (Baum- gardner) Kessler, natives also of Germany. The mother died in her native country, and the father in Illinois, at the age of sixty- three years. lie was a farmer by occupation, and a member of the Lutheran Church. He had one son in tho late war, Ilartman, a member of the Ninth Illinois Cavalry, and now a resident of Benton county, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Blass have nine children: George, Lena II.; Rosa It.; Rosetta, attending school in Sac City; Katie, Anna, Fred, Christian and Herman. Our subject takes an active in- terest in the Republican party, and, socially, is a member of Colonel Goodrich Post, No. 117, of Odebolt. Both he and his wife were reared in the Lutheran faith. Mr. Blass is well known and respected, and is one of the prominent men of his township. IHOMAS BATIK, another one of the representative citizens of Coon Valley township. Sac county, Iowa, resides on a fine farm of 260 acres, jn section 33. He has lived in this township since 1878, and is well known throughout the county, having at one time served as County Sheriff. A resume of his life will he read with interest by many, and is as follows: Thomas Batie was born in London, Can- ada, July 19, 1835, son of Adam and Man (Robson) Batie, natives of Scotland. His parents settled in London, Canada, at an early day, and in 1851 emigrated to Grant county. Wisconsin, settling near Blooming ton, where they passed the rest of their lives. The father died in L857, and the mother in 18(53. The father was by occupation a farmer, and in religion a Presbyterian. They reared a family of twelve children, seven sons and five daughters. The subject of our sketch came to his present location in 1873. His lirst purchase of land here was eighty acres, and to this he has since added, making improvements from year to year, until he is now the owner of a fine farm of 2 * > ( > acres. His cottage home, a story and a half, is 20x26 feet, with an L. 12 x 16 feet. His barn is 60x64 feet, and a grove, orchard and evergreens are among the other improvements he has put upon his place. Mr. Batie was married at the age of twenty- four, in Grant county, Wisconsin, to Miss Letitia Wildman, a native of Sullivan county. New York, and a daughter of James and Margaret (Whitman) Wildman. Mr. and Mrs. Wildman had a family of eight children. One son, Henry, served in the late war as a member of Company D, Thirtv-third Wis- consin. Mr. and Mrs. Batie had four chil- dren, namely: William F., a farmer of Coon Valley township; Henry A., at home, is one of Sac county's successful teachers; Adam R., at home; and Maggie, wife of J. J. Fitz- Bimmons, of Elm Grove. Mrs. Batie de- parted this life December 5. 1890. Politically, Mr. Batie's views arc in har- mony with Republican principles, and to that party he gives hiB vote ami influence. He has served as Justice of the Peace, and baa twice been elected Sheriff of Sac county, in 1885 and 1886, faithfully performing the duties of that office tWO terms. He i> a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, having been made a Mason in Sac City, Occidental Lodge, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. m-i in 1886, and now having his membership in Laurel Lodge, No. 517. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church at Auburn. Mr. Batie has the characteristics of a pioneer, is frank and cordial in his manner, and is inter- ested in every thing tending to benefit the community in which he resides. M A. MAINS, who is engaged in the in- surance business at Charter Oak, Iowa, ^ Q is one of the prominent citizens of Crawford county. Mr. Maiiio dates his birth in Perry county, Ohio, June 18, 1853. He is a son of Thomas S. and Sarah^ (Hazelton) Mains, both of German descent. His mother is deceased, and his father is a resident of New Lexington, Perry county, Ohio. Thomas S. Mains is a veteran of the late war. He enlisted in June, 1861, and as a member of Company A, Nineteenth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, served all through the war. When he went into the army he left a family of four little children, the oldest being only eight years old; his wife had died the pre- vious March. Following are the names of his children: I. A., the subject of our sketch; Hannah J., wife of J. B. Wilson, resides in Ohio; John II., Ute, Iowa; and Mary A., wife of C. C. Hardy, Crawford county, Iowa. His father being a farmer, the subject of our sketch was reared to farm life. He came West in 1875, and located in Clark county, Iowa, where he lived two years. In the spring of 1877 he came to Crawford county, and here he has since lived, with the excep- tion of two years spent with his father in Ohio. Upon coming to Crawford county, he located a tract of 145 acres of land in sec- tion 31, Charter Oak township, upon which he conducted general fanning and stock-rais- ing. In the spring of 1891 he disposed of his farm and moved to Charter Oak, since which time he has been engaged with the Mutual Life Insurance Company, of New York, and he also represents the Singer Man- ufacturing Company. Mr. Mains is a stanch Republican, and an, active worker in the ranks of his party. He was Assessor of this township ten years. In 1888 he was a candidate on the Republican, ticket for representative. The county at that time was 800 Democratic, and although he was not elected he reduced that number to 119, which in itself is sufficient evidence of his popularity. Mr. Mains is a member of A. F. & A. M., No. 249, New Lexington, Ohio, and also of the chapter of that place, No. 149. He also affiliates with the K. of P., Odin Lodge, No. 221. March 3, 1875, he married Miss Catharine Adams, of New Lexington, Ohio, daughter of William and Amelia (Taylor) Adams. They have four children: William F., Harry H., Charles A. and Grace. •E > E. TERRY, of the firm of W. E Terry & Co., general merchants at l-ej&H ° Charter Oak, Iowa, is one of the enterprising young business men of the town, and as such is entitled to some personal men- tion in the history of Crawford county. W. E. Terry was born in Boonesborough Boone county, Iowa, August 15, 1869, son of Charles and Melissa (Richards) Terry. After the death of his father, his mother married Charles Reiher, and is now a resi- dent of Dunlap, Iowa. Until he was twelve years old Mr. Terry lived in his native town, and from that time until 1887 made his home in Dunlap. In 1887 he went to i;i;i lilonRAPUWAL II I STORY OF Omaha, where he was employed as clerk in a grocery establishment one year. The follow ing year he came to Charter Oak and took a position as clerk in the Charter Oak post office, which lie held until the spring of 1889 under W. W. Cushman, and live months longer under . I. J. McWilliams. In the fall of 1889 he engaged in business with R. W. Bamford, under the firm name of W. E. Terry & Co., this firm being dissolved in January, L890, by Mr. Terry disposing of his interest. In March. 1890, he formed a partnership with \Y. W. Cushman, under the style of W. W. Cushman & Co. This relation, however, lasted only a short time, Mr. Cushman retir- ing October 22, 1890. The firm then be came Terry, Rethlefren & Co., and contin- ued as such until June 1, 1892, when the present association was formed, C. M. Learn- ing, of Mapletcn, being the company. This tirm carries a complete line of dry- g Is, groceries, boots and shoes, hats and oaps, qneensware, etc., the estimated value of their stock being $6,000, and their annual sales amounting to $27,000. Mr. Terry takes an active interest in the welfare of his town and county, and, polit- ically, affiliates with the Democratic party, lie is a member of the I. O. O. F., No. 105, and Charter Oak Encampment, No. 142. lie was married June 1, 1891, to Miss Frances Beck, daughter of F. Beck. She was born in Camanche, Iowa, in 1872. They have one son. W. ALLEN, a prominent farmer and Btock-raiser of Crawford county, was born in Richmond county, < >bio, Janu- ary 27, 1843, a son of James and Eliza | Mor- ris) Allen, natives of Maryland and Pennsyl- vania. The parents were married in the latter State, and afterward moved to Rich ml COUnty, Ohio. They reared a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters. After the mother's death the father was again mar- lied, and by the last union there were eight children. Two of his sons 6erved in the late war: John I)., in the Thirty-fifth Iowa In- fantry, and now resides in Nebraska; and ( 'harles Thomas, a member of the Third ( )hio Cavalry, now lives in Palo Alto county, Iowa. J. W. Allen was about four years of age when his mother died, and his boyhood days were spent on an Ohio farm. At the age of nineteen years he removed to Cedar county, Iowa, engaged in agricultural pursuits ten miles east of Tipton, the county seat, and in 1874 purchased 16C acres of raw land in Crawford county. He has added to bis original purchase until he now owns 32<» acres, all well improved, has a good bouse, 16x26 feet, one and a half stories high, with an L, 14x24 feet, one story high, and a tine grove and orchard of five acres. His land is well fenced and watered, and his pastures will rival the blue grass of Kentucky. In addition to his farming. Mr. Allen is also ex- tensively engaged in stock-raising. <)n bis north 160 acres, which are fanned by his son, John T., he has a good house, 16x24 feet, also fine barns and everything necessary for a well-regulated farm. The Allen place is known far and near as a valuable farm for stock and grain. Mr. Allen was married at the age of twenty- two years, in Cedar county. Iowa, to Mary K. Mardis, a native of Pennsylvania, but reared and educated in Cedar county, Iowa, and a daughter of J. S. and Margaret (White) Mardis, residents of Sac county. Iowa. Our subject and wife have had five children: John Thomas, Charles, Margaret L. and Mary CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAG COUNTIES. 665 Josephine. William Lewis, the third child, died at the age of twelve years. John Thomas was born, reared and educated in Cedar county, and was married October 19, 1890, to Mary Hollarn, a native of Michigan, and a daughter of P. and Catherine Hollarn. To this union has been born one son, James Hugh. Mr. Allen is a Democrat in his po- litical views, and has served as Township Trustee. Religiously, the family are mem- bers of the Catholic Church. fAMES CONNOR, a farmer and stock- raiser of Crawford county, was born at Bathurst, Canada, in 1842, a son of Peter and Catherine (Cain) Connor, natives of Ire- land. The parents removed to Canada when young, where they were educated and married, and when James was sixteen years of age they came to Cedar county, Iowa. The mother died in May, 1874, and the father now resides in southwestern Kansas, aged seventy- six years. They were the parents of eight children, four sons and four daughters. One son, Michael, was a soldier in the late war, a member of the Thirty-fifth Iowa Infantry, and died of small-pox at the age of twenty-one years, while in the service of his country. James Connor, our subject, remained in Canada until sixteen years of age, was then a resident of Cedar county, Iowa, until 1875, and in that year settled on his present farm of 160 acres in Crawford county. His land is now well improved, has a good dwelling, 16 x 24 feet, one and a half stories high, and all necessary improvements for a well-regu- lated faum. He pays special attention to the raising of hogs, and now has over 200 head of as good as can be found in western Iowa. He has been in the business nearly twenty years, and has also high-grade draft horses of English shire and Norman breed. Mr. Connor was married at DeWitt, Clin- ton county, Iowa, to Mary A. Flynn, a native of Pike county, Pennsylvania, and a daugh- ter of John and Mary A. (Dooly) Flynn, The father died at Denver, Colorado, in 1885, and his widow still resides in that city. Our subject and wife have had eleven children, namely : Mary E., Katy F., Anna, Emma, Tazy, Maggie, Susan, Mabel, Chessie, Gertie and James Lee. They lost one child when a babe, Frances O. Katy *F. is one of Crawford county's successful and popular teachers, and Emma is attending the Vail High School. Mr. Connor is a Democrat in his political views, is an intelligent and progressive citizen, frank and genial in his manner, and an hon- orable business man. PfHOMAS COSTELLO, a successful farmer of Crawford county, was born at Bearful, county Clare, Ireland, in 1832, a son of Michael and Bridget (Hare) Costello, who were born, reared and married in that county. The father died there in 1861, and the mother afterward came to Davenport, Iowa, where she lived to the age of seventy years. Thomas Costello was reared in his native place, and was early taught that honest labor was the foundation for a bright and prosper- ous future. When twenty-nine years of age he came to the United States, and was em- ployed as a stone and brick mason near Akron, Ohio. For a time he was a resident of Scott county, Iowa, and in 1875 came to Crawford county, where he was among the pioneer settlers. He bought a tract of wild land, erected a small frame house, broke and 066 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF tilled the Boil, and has remained on this place for seventeen years. The dwelling is a Bed for a tool house and granary, and a beautiful home now Btands on a hill overlooking the neighborhood. It was erected in lSS'.l, and is lb' x 24 feet, with an L of the same dimen- sions, and is two stories high. Mr. Costello was married at Davenport, Iowa, at the age of thirty-one years, to Mary O'Donuell, a native of county Clare, Ireland, and a daughter of Barney and Johanna (Dows) O'Donuell, also natives of that county. Our subject and wife have four sons and three daughters, viz.: Michael, Thomas, Francis, John, Margaret, Johanna and Mary Ann. The family are among the honored and respected cititizens of Crawford county. -sxa/W,- -l/lSi/if t AVII> W. BELT, whoreeideson a farm of 240 acres in section 32, of Coon Val- ley township. Sac county, Iowa, is one of the well-known early pioneers of the town- ship and is ranked with the representative citizens of the county. Briefly a sketch of his life is as follows: David \Y. licit was born in Licking county. Ohio, May 3, 1839. Benjamin Belt, his father, also a native of Ohio, was a descend- ant of early settlers of America, some of his ancestors having been participants in the Rev- olutionary war. Our subject's mother was before her marriage Miss Mary Ann Jewell, and she, too, was a native of Ohio. When he was three years old his parents moved to \\* li iteside county, Illinois, and located near Lyndon, on a tract of Government land. There the mother died. The father Bubse quently came to Sac county, Iowa, where his death ocenrred. aged eighty -i\ year*. They reared a family of six children, namely: David W., whose name heads this article; Moses M., who served in the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, during the late war; George ('., also a membe- of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, is now a resident of Portland, Oregon; Mar- tha J., Ed., and Marilda. Mr. Belt was reared on a farm and educated in the public schools. In September, 18*51, he enlisted in Company C, Eighth Illinois Cavalry, under General Farns worth and Cap- tain (tlendenning, and reinlisted in 1863. He participated in the memorable battle of Gettysburg, where his regiment lost heavily. Bis regiment was in eighty-two battles and skirmishes, a greater part of the time waging warfare against General Mosby. Mr. Belt entered the service as a private and was pro- moted to Corporal. At the close of the war he returned to Whiteside county, Illinois, and a few years later came from there to Sac county, Iowa. At that time this part of the country was all wild and new and there were no houses for miles around except a few at Wall Lake. He settled on Coon river, where he bought 210 acres of land; has de- veloped it into a line farm, and for twenty- two years has been engaged in farming and stock-raising here. Mr. Belt was married at the age of twenty- eight to Miss Martha Jane Cargay, a native of Ohio and a daughter of James Cargay. They had three children: Walter A., a resi- dent of this township; Fannie Edith Jose- phine, a music, teacher, residing at home; and William Anson. Mrs. Belt departed this life in L881, Mr. Belt affiliates with the Republican party, and has served as Township Trustee and as a member of the School Board. He is a member of the G. A. R.. W. T. Sherman Boat, No. 284, Sac City, in which he has served as Junior Vice two years. He CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COUNTIES. 067 has a membership in the I. O. O. F., at Lake View. Mr. Belt is a man in the prime of life, is frank and cordial in manner, and is one of the representative men of Sac county. •£ > fLAEK WINANS, a prominent citizen of Crawford county, was born at Ma- eon's Grove, this county, September 12, 1859, a son of Clark Winans, deceased, who was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, in 1814, of German-Irish ancestry. He was married in his native State, to Catherine Shivley, who was born and reared in Beaver county, Pennsyl- vania. After marriage the parents removed to Bureau county, Illinois, where they remained until the fall of 1854, and then settled on the old farm at Mason's Grove, where his widow still resides. He bought a claim with a log house and a few acres broken, later erected a good frame dwelling, and added to the place until he owned 133 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Winan8had ten children, namely: Samantha, deceased at the age of eight years; Henry, a resident of Vail, Iowa; Elizabeth, who resides with her mother; Sarah, deceased, was the wife of Sol Slater; George, of Milford town- ship; Mary, wife of Sol Slater; Josiah, a resi- dent of Milford township; Julia L., wife of Taylor Pierce; and Clark, our subject. The father died September 24, 1887. He served as County Supervisor many years, and was a popular man in his community. His widow is now seventy-six years of age. Clark Winans, our subject, remained at home until 1883, when he bought his present farm of 236 acres. He has a good frame dwell- ing, 16 x22 feet, one and a half stories high, built on the Southern style, t nd surrounded by a beautiful grove and orchard. A good spring of pure water is piped by a windmill to a tank in the house, which holds forty-five barrels, and there are also pipes to the feed- yards and barns. Mr. Winans home farm contains 236 acres, and he also owns 240 acres in Milford township, sections 25 and 26, also valuable land near Vail. In addition to his farming interests he is largely engaged in stock-raising, having fine grades of horses, cattle and hogs. Our subject was married April 24, 1883, to MaryE. Joslin, a native of Johnson county, Iowa, and a daughter of William Joslin, who lost his life at Red river, Arkansas, while in the service of his country. He was a mem- ber of the Twenty-eighth Iowa Infantry, and at his death left a widow and one child. The former is now the wife of Bacy Day, of Goodrich township, this county. Mr. and Mrs. Winans have had two children: a baby boy deceased at the age of eleven years; and Edna Alice, born October 22, 1887. Politi- cally, our subject affiliates with the Demo- cratic party, and, religiously, his wife is a member of the Methodist Church. £ > ARL KRUTHOFF, one of the repre- Ki sentative farmers of Crawford county, was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, September 16, 1840, a son of John and Sophia (Kruse) Kruthoff, also natives of that conn- try. The parents reared a family of six chil- dren, four sons and two daughters, and the entire family came to this country except one brother, John, who still resides in Germany. The parents died in Crawford county, Iowa, the father at the age of sixty-four years, and the mother at seventy-two years. Carl Kruthoff received a good education in the German language, and at the age of fif- teen years began work on a farm. In com- 668 BIOGRAPHICAL HIST0R7 OF pany with his Bister, Sophia Vbckman, he came to the United States, and was the tirel Bottler of Westaide, Iowa. He first worked on tlic railroad Beveral years, and in 1^77 bought wild prairie land, where he located two rears later. He now owns a tine farm of 120 acres, all well improved, has a com- fortable residence, 24x24 feet, one and a half stories high, a tine grove of box-elders and maples, and everything necessary for a well regulated farm. Mr. Kruthotf was married in Germany, at the age of twenty-nine years, to Fredricka Sudrow, who was born, reared and educated in that country. To this union has been born five children: William F., Louisa, Win- nie, Carl and Anna, all at home. The chil- dren were horn in this county, and all have received a good education in both the Ger- man and English languages. Mr. Kruthoff i- a Democrat politically, and religiously, both he and his wife are Lutherans. The family are enterprising and progressive, take an active interest in education and religion, ami are popular with all who know them. |0 B E R T M cL All G II L I N, of Wil- low township, is a well-known early Bettler of Willow township, where be hi - become identified with the beet interests of the place. He was liom in Licking county, <>|)io, January 18, 1830, and a son of Robert and Margaret (Lyons) McLaughlin, of Scotch- Irish and Irish birth, respectively. Our subject was reared in Licking county, Ohio, on a farm and there received his edu- cation in the common schools. He resided in this county until lM>2, when he removed to Stark enmity, Illinois, where he lived for a short time and then removed to Bureau and Whiteside counties, Illinois, and from the laBt named to Washington county, Iowa, where he resided until 1S7C, when he again made a change and this time to Willow town- ship, where lie bought a tract of 560 acres, which he has improved in every way, erect- ing a good house, substantial barn and all necessary outbuildings and fenced in the farm. Here he has resided for the past six- teen years. He was married in Licking county, Ohio, to Elizabeth Meats, a daughter of Henry and Hannah Meats, of Ohio. Our subject and wife are the parents of six children, namely: Margaret E., May II., Elizabeth, Stella M., Famback, F. E. and Robert. Two children are deceased: .lames E. died at the age of twenty-seven and little Lillie died at the age of two. All the daughters have been suc- cessful school teachers in Washincton and Crawford counties. All these children have received a good education and are now among the esteemed and prosperous people of the township. Mr. McLaughlin is a Republican in pol- itics and was reared a member of the Presby- terian Church. He is a man of intellect with broad and progressive views ■^si/VL- nsis>^- fOSHUA WILSON, one of the intel- ligent, enterprising, successful and hon- orable men of Willow township, owns 160 acres upon section 11. He came here in the spring of 1882 and since thai time has made this place his home. He was born in Cass county, Iowa, June 13, 1856, the son of K. II. Wilson, an esteemed and respected citizen of Pottawattamie, Iowa, who was born near Cincinnati, Ohio. The latter was a son of John Wilson and Julia Ann Hartels. (See sketch of John X. Wilson, this hook.) CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 669 Our subject was the fifth in a family of fourteen children and was one of a pair of twins, his sister, Mary Isabella, being the other. Our subject was a boy of eight years when the family moved to Mills county, Iowa, where he grew up to manhood. He was reared on a farm and became accustomed to the work on a new place, in Iowa, and re- ceived his education in the public schools. He had a quick understanding and was easily taught, and laid a good foundation for future success. He had reached the age of eighteen when the family moved to Pottawattamie county, near Wheeler Grove, and there re- mained until 1882, when our subject came to this county. He first bought eighty acres of wild land, upon which there were no im- provements, and he was one of the first pio- neers of his neighborhood. He has prospered and now owns 160 acres of good land, located just four and one-half miles southeast of Charter Oak, which is a town on the Milwau- kee railroad. He is convenient to the schools and is in a good, moral neighborhood. His residence, which is located on a site which cannot be excelled in the county, is two stories high, 16 x 24, and the land has been decided to be the best one-quarter section in that township. He has groves, orchards, stables, pastures, feed lots, meadows, plowed lots, all in good shape, which show to the ad- vantage of the proprietor. He has made a success of grain and stock-raising. He was married January 17, 1878, in Mills county, Iowa, to Miss Flora B. McMillen, a woman of intelligence, of good family. She was born in Stark county, Illinois, where she was reared and educated and was the daugh- ter of Thomas McMillen, now of Dow City, who formerly lived in this township. He was born in Ohio and the mother, Elizabeth Tilley, now deceased, was born in Illinois. The five children of our subject and his wife are: Myrtie Alice, Clyde Allen, Florence Edna, Edgar and Jessie Pearl; three are de- ceased: Charlie died at the age of two, a babe not named and Cora A. died at five months. Our subject is a Republican, and is one of the most zealous and active workers in the Methodist Church. He is a Class-leader and local preacher, and his wife is, also. He has always been much interested in education, religion and temperance work. He is frank and genial, is a good speaker, and is one of Willow township's most popular citizens. -■•>' fll F. HOWELL, manufacturer and dealer in harness, robes, whips, etc., Ida Grove, Iowa, has been identified with the business interests of this place since 1889. He carries a $3,000 stock of goods and has a well-equipped establishment, in the manu- facturing department of which he employs two men. Mr. Howell was born in Fletcher, Miami county, Ohio, November 3, 1856, son of Will- iam and Elizabeth (Eyer) Howell, natives of Ohio. When he was a year old his parents moved to Ottumwa, Iowa, and subsequently to Webster City, Hamilton county, where they now reside. At the latter place our subject was reared. His youthful days were spent on the farm. At the age of fourteen he began work at the harness trade, and in this business has ever since been engaged. He learned his trade in Webster City, and before establishing himself in business worked as a journeyman in various places in Iowa and Nebraska. In 1880 he located in Lohrville, Iowa, where he did a successful business from that time until 1889, the year he came to Ida Grove. When Mr. Howell began life for 670 BIOGRAPHICAL IIlsTnllY OF himself, his only capital was hi- willing hands and his determination to Bucceed, and by hie industry and good management he has worked his way up until he is now regarded as one of the substantial business men of the county. Politically, he is a Republican. He is a member of Ida Grove Lodge, No - I. O. 0. 1'.. having been demitted from No. 469. Lohrville Lodge. He is also a member of the M. W. of A., Ida Grove ('amp. No. 12, of which he is Advisor. He lias passed all the chairs in the first named lodge. Mr. Howell was married November 25, l sv i3, to Miss Lucy Rasty, a native of Ohio, and a daughter of Christian and Sarah [tasty. They have three children: Ethel, Edgar and F.ank. ■ tt = :® :=3 ' \R. R. M. GETM A N & SON, as the man- ufacturers of Getman's Pain Relief or Mountain Herb Liniment and also of Getman's Celebrated Cough Syrup, have gained considerable notoriety, and are entitled to some mention in this volume. Dr. Getman l>eo;an the manufacture of his pain-relief liniment in 18S7. with a capital of £3, all the money he had. and in the 6hort time he has been manufacturing the same he has sold over 300,000 bottles of it. He tirst started out on foot with a little tin box, going through the country and making 6mall sales. Now he has six teams on the road and has his medicine on sale at 150 places. The following wholesale drug houses handle it: Uarwick, Hesse A: Moure, of Sioux \; Hansons, Sionx City: and Olney Slc- Daid, of Clinton. Iowa. Dr. Getman war- rants every bottle of his medicine. He claims for his liniment a sure cure for rheumatism, neuralgia, lame back, headache, toothache, earache, burns, sore throat, chilblains, sprains, colic, cholera morbus, horse colic, bowel com- plaint, dysentery, weak stomach, colds and coughs ami also the grip. It is, indeed, a blessing for man and beast. I >r. Getman was born in Jefferson county. New York. January 31. 1845, son of Nicho- las and Jane (Janes) Getman. His father died January 6, 1892, aged Beventy-two years, ami his mother passed away in l* s '.*. aged seventy. The Doctor is of German and Welsh extraction. He was eight or nine years old when his parents moved to Wisconsin, and in that State he grew up to manhood, spending his early life on the farm and receiving his education in the public schools. From Wis- consin he went to Minnesota, where. 1 •■ ber 1, 1872, he married Miss Evaline E. "Williams, a native of Ohio. She died at Ida Grove, Iowa, October 28, 1896. aged thirty- three years. The children of this union are as follows: Nathan E.. in business with his father: Ada L., deceased: Maud I., and Al- bert L. The Doctor married again, in March. 1*88. Mrs. Sarah A. Wilson, nee Jewell. She is a native of Illinois. They have one child, Hattie M. The Doctor is a stanch Republican. He came to Ida Grove in 1881, and has since been a resident of Ida county. He is a mem- ber of the M. W. of A., and for the past seventeen years has been connected with the Friends Church. § Y.MAX B. IIIGLEY, who resides on a farm of 160 acres in section 12, Union township, Crawford county, Iowa, his post office being Dow City, is one of the well- known early settlers of the neighborhood. He has been identified with the interests of this place since 1876. Following is a brief sketch of his life: CRAWFOIUj. IDA AND 8 AC COUNTIES 871 Mr. Higley was born in Whiteside county, Illinois, July 4, 1841, son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Wilcoxj Higley, the former being of Scotch descent and a native of Ohio, and the latter a native of Rhode Island. Tli<- father was an early pioneer of Whiteside county, Illinois, where he died in 1854. The mother died in Crawford county, Iowa, in 1878, at the age of seventy-three years. They had three children: Charles, Mary and Lyman B. The father was a farmer by occupation: in politics, a Democrat; and in religion, a Methodist, he being an earnest Christian and a Class-leader. Lyman B. was reared on his father's farm in Illinois. In 1865 he went to the Pacific coast, spending some three years in Wash- ington Territory and British America, en- gaged in prospecting and miningand various other occupations. In 1868 he returned to Whiteside county, Illinois, where he lived until 1876. That year he came to Crawford county, Iowa, and settled on his present farm, then wild land. Here he has iived for six- teen years, during which time he has devel- oped a tine property. His comfortable frame house, 16 x 26 feet, a story and a half, with an L, 10 x 18 feet, is located on a natural building site, some thirty rods back from the road. He has good farm buildings, fine orchard and grove, and every thing conven- iently arranged for successfully carrying on agricultural pursnits. Mr. Higley, at the age of twenty-four, married Mis- Caroline I. Summers, who was born in West Virginia, but reared and edu- cated in Whiteside county, Illinois, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Summers. Her father died in Oregon, at the age of fifty-three years. Her mother passed away in 1845. Mr. and Mrs. Higley have seven children. Mary, who was a successful and popular teacher, married Pearl D. \'ore, and liv< this township. They have one child, Etta. The other member- of the family a N., Lyman D.. Rachel E., SemanthaJ., Will- iam 8. and Caroline I. They lost two chil- dren, viz.: Samuel P., a bright, prornisintr young man. who died at theage of twenty -two years: and William H.. who died in infancy. Politically, Mr. Higley casts hie vote and influence with the Democratic party. He i- a member of the School Board and ta deep interest in educational matt- cially, he is a member of the Modern Wood- men. Mrs. Higley and daughter, Mary, are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Dow City. EORGE W. AHART. of D< Iowa, is one of the enterprising and sue ful young man of Crawford comity, and - entitled to Fome mention in this work. rge W. Ahart was born in Crawford county, Iowa. August 31,186? and Elizabeth (Wielandj Ahart. nativ- Baden. Germany. In the spring of 1865 his parents came to America and located in Iowa, where the father helped to build the North- ern railroad from Boone to the Missouri river. In 1875 he settled on the land where he now lives, a well-improved farm of 320 "horoughly identified with the interests of his township and is one of its mo~t prominent citizens. He and his wife have six children, namely: Thomas, of Cnion .ip: George W.. our subject: Kate, wife of Charles Smith, of Denison township; Mary, wife of Joseph Stepanek, of Union township; and John and Edmond, at home. In politics the father is a Democrat; in re- ligion, a Catholic. 672 BIOGHM'lth'AL SKTOBF OF George W. was reared to farm life. In 1888 lie bought and moved to a part of tlif property known as the John R. Rudd farm, one of the best farms in this part of the ( ntv. It is nicely improved and located one mile from Dow ( 'ity. Mr. Ahart was married October 23, 1888, to Mary Uohni, a native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of Frederick and Franciska Rohm, both of whom died in this county. She was seven years old at the time her parents moved here, and in this county she grew up and was educated. Mr. and Mrs. Ahart have two sons, Charles, Eugene and John Edwin. The family are Catholics, and, like his father, Mr. Ahart casts his vote with the Democratic party. fOIIX HOFFMAN, Justice of the Peace, is a resident of Soldier township, on section 13, where he located February 14, 1882. He was the fourth in a family of seven children born to Samuel and Ann (Spitz) Hoffman, natives of Switzerland, who emi- grated to Scott county, Iowa, in December, 1852. They settled on the farm where the father always lived, and on which he died in 1867. Hi- wife lived until 1883, and the members of the family who are still living are: .) . C, who resides in Oregon; Henry, who lives in Davenport; Samuel, also in Davenport; John, our subject; Frank, who lives in Jones county, Iowa; and Catherine, who became the wife of Christian Koley, of Tama county, Iowa; Andrew died in Jones county, [owa. John was reared in Scott, Clinton and Jackson COnntieS, Iowa, and received his edu- cation in the schools of Scott county. In 1802 he eidisted in Company A, Fourteenth Iowa Infantry, for three years, and was mus- tered in at Davenport. He was then Bent to the Western Army, Third Division, Second Brigade, Sixteenth Army Corps. He was in two battles at Champion Hills, Pleasant Hill and Old Oaks, Louisiana; at Tupelo, Missis- sippi; Old Town Creek, Pilot Knob, Iron- ton; thence to Sedalia, Missouri, and Fort Rousseau, Louisiana, lie also took part in many minor engagements, and was discharged at Sedalia, in lstil, and mustered out of the service at Davenport. He returned to Scott county, Iowa, and engaged in farming. In 1867 Mr. Hoffman was married in Clinton county, Iowa, to Miss Catherine Dus- sel, a native of Switzerland, and a daughter of Andrew and Agatha (Schlegel) Dussel, na- tives of Switzerland, who came to Davenport in May, 1852, and died there of cholera, and Mrs. Hoffman was reared among strangers. Our subject bought a farm in Clinton county, but sold that and bought one in Jackson county, living there for ten years. In 1882 he came to Soldier township, and bought 160 acres of prairie, which he improved. He immediately began building, doing his own carpenter and mason work. His house was 20 x 32 feet, a story and a half high, with Other commodious farm buildings; planted an orchard, putting in one acre in fruit, and an acre and a half in cotton wood, maple, etc. He now has his farm under cultivation, and fenced and well watered by streams. Mr. Hoffman is a Democrat in politics, and has been Justice of the Peace for four years. Mr. and Mrs. Hoffman have nine chil- dren: Rose, wife of W. B. Brazell, of this township; Andrew, a clerk in Charter Oak; Frank, a school teacher; Sam, Emma, Bertha, Mabel, Earl and Gladys. CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 673 Our 6ubject has seen the full growth of his township, has made all he now possesses by his own industry, and has always taken an interest in everything for the good of the county. < > HHil FITZGERALD ' a physician and WMvf surgeon of Vail, was born on State ^^SP^o street, Chicago, July 4, 1844, a son of Thomas and Catherine (Spencer) Fitzger- ald, natives of Ireland. The parents came to Chicao-o, in 1838, when that city was but a hatnlet, and they remained there until their death. When our subject was but a boy the war broke out, and he was one of the first to enlist in the Twenty-third Illinois In- fantry, Mulligan's brigade, which made a record second to none in Illinois. Mr. Fitz- gerald participated in the nine days' fight at Lexington, Missouri, where he served as Color Sergeant, and was wounded by aminie ball. He took an active part in the battles before Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, and in the three battles of Winchester, un- der Generals Shields, Maher and Sheridan. For gallant and brave service on the battle tick!, he was promoted to Sergeant- Major, a position formerly occupied by General Lynch, who was later noted as the great Fenian leader in Canada. Our subject was honorable dis- charged as First Lieutenant. After the close of hostilities he returned to Chicago and finished his education, also en- tering the Post Medical College. He grad- uated with honor in 1873, after which he fol- lowed the practice of his profession in that city until 1877, and in that year located in this city. In addition to his large medical practice, Mr. Fitzgerald lias conducted the leading drug store of Vail for six years, carry- ing a full stock of drugs, toilet articles, and all goods found in a first class store of that kind. Politically, he affiliates with the Dem- ocratic party and is a wheel horse of the or- ganization; and socially, is a charter member of the G. A. R, John Logan Post, of Denison; of the Masonic order, and the K. of P. Our subject was married at Toronto, Clin- ton county, Iowa, in April, 1881, to Ellen O'Connell, a native of Madison, Indi- ana, but reared and educated in Clinton county Iowa. She is a daughter of James and Bridget (Barrett) O'Connell, residents of Vail. Mr. and Mrs. Fitzgerald have three children: James, Catherine M., and Mary A. The Doctor and wife are worthy and re- spected members of the Catholic Church. Our subject is yet in the prime of life, of full physique, of soldierly appearance and bearing, intelligent and progressive, takes an active interest in religion and education, and every worthy cause has his support. i J. CASEY, one of the leadino- mer- chants and business men of Craw- ^lP^ a ford county, has been a resident of Vail since 1880. The Casey store has a rep- utation established of good goods, fair and honorable dealings and courteous treatment to all, and the proprietor has the happy fac- ulty of making and retaining friends, both in a business and social way. The storeroom is 22 x 80 feet and contains a stock of $6,000 worth of dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes, staple and fancy groceries and notions. From two to three clerks are employed. M. J. Casey was born in Boston, Massa- chusetts, January 30, 1851, a son of Francis and Julia (Long) Casey. The father died at DeWitt, this State, and the mother now re- 674 BIOGRAPHICAL HI8T0R7 OF Bides in Vail. The formei was a mechanic and wagon-maker by trade. Our subject was only three years <>f age when he came with his parents to DeWitt, Iowa, where lie was reared and educated. At the age of nineteen years he engaged in the hardware busi- ness, later in the grocery trade, and in 1N80 estahlished his mercantile store at Vail. Mr. Casey takes an active interest in the Demo- cratic party, and in 1885 was appointed Post- master, under President Cleveland, where he served three and a half years. He was a member of the City Council six years, and was one of the early delegates in the An- cient Order of Hibernians. He was married at DeWitt, Iowa, to Mies Mary J. Burns, a native of New York city, and a daughter of John and Bridget Burns. To this union has been born one child, Liz- zie, aged eleven years. Our subject is a man yet in the prime of life, is a good ^business man, frank and cordial with all, and a popu- lar citizen of Vail. A.NIEL GRUVER, one of the promi- nent and pioneer settlers of Lake View, Sac county, was horn in Huron county. Ohio, in 1832, a son of Isaac and Nancy (Rarick) Graver, natives of Pennsylvania, hut reared in Ohio. The father, a farmer by occupation, purchased and improved Govern- ment land in Kendall county, Illinois, in 1836, but in 1848 came overland with ox teams to Oregon, spending the winter in the Willamette \ alley. The following spring he went to the gold mine- on the north fork of the American river, in California, hut one year later returned to Kendall county, Illi- nois, by water, and purchased a farm. In that year he went to Miami county, Kansas, where he died in 1885. The mother depart- ed this life in 1883. They reared a family of Dine sons and one daughter, and one son, Isaac', served in the late war, in an Illinois regiment. Daniel Graver, our subject, was reared and educated in the subscription schools of Ken- dall county, Illinois. At the age of sixteen years he spent two years in < >regon and ( !ali- fornia, and at the age of twenty-two years, in 1854, he purchased 200 acres of Government land in Huron township, Clinton county, Iowa, paying §1.25 per acre. He afterward improved and sold this place, and in 1878 located in Wall Lake township, Sac county. Mr. Graver purchased 214 acres of wild prai- rie land, which he has since improved, has erected a one and a half story residence, 14 x 20 feet, with an L, 16 X 24 feet, and has a grove and orchard of one and a half acres. In 1881 he added eighty acres to his original purchase, and he continued farming on this place until 1887, when he came to Lake View. In his political views our subject takes an active interest in the Democratic party, and has served as a member of the Town Council. In Clinton county, Iowa, in 1856, Mr. Graver married Miss Margaret Perry, a na- tive of Kentucky, and a daughter of John and Julia (Lester) Perry, natives also of that State, but were among the early pioneers of Clinton county, Iowa. To this union were horn the following children: Caroline, wife of Jerry Lesher, of Livey township, Sac county; John Riley, a resident of O'Brien county, Iowa; Douglas, who was killed by the Indians in the bad lands of Dakota, in 1885; Julia L. wife of J. King, of Prime har. [owa; Stella, who was accidentally burned to death, in L890, at the age of eighteen rears; Herman, of O'Brien county, [owa; CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 675 Olive, one of Sac county's successful teach- ers; Nancy and Otto D. Mr. Gruver was again married, in Sac county, in September, 1887, to Margaret Shaw, a native of Jeffer- son county, New York, and the widow of Henry Sheffield. She is a daughter of Willis and Lodicia (Eggleson) Shaw, natives of New York. The father died in Jefferson county, that State, in 1880, and the mother in No- vember, 1884. They reared a family of eleven children, of whom two sons were sol- diers in the late war. Freeman served through the struggle in a New York regi- ment, went into the regular army, and died in New York, in 1866.. Oliver served in the Thirty-fifth New York Infantry for three years, and now resides at New York. Mr. Gruver is one of the early pioneers of Sac county, Iowa, and has witnessed, almost its complete development. -E= H. WIGGINS, the skillful blacksmith of the town of Dow City, was born in * Holmes county, Ohio, July 13, 1840, 6on of Amos and Miranda (Johnston) Wig- gins. Our subject was reared and educated in his native county, and learned his trade in his father's smithy. He continued at his trade at home until July 13, 1861, when he enlisted in Company A, Fifth Illinois Vol- unteer Infantry, and served eighteen months, when he was returned home. He enlisted again in Company D, Ninth Illinois Vol- unteer Cavalry, and was discharged March 1866, being mustered out at Davenport. He participated in the battles of Crotan, Missouri; New Madrid, Missouri; Corinth and other minor ones. After his discharge he retired to Cedar county, Iowa, and resumed his work, whicli lie had so bravely thrown aside to en- gage in the defense of his country. He re- mained here one year and then removed to Wyoming, where he resided for six months and then returned to Wheatland, Clinton county, Iowa, and February 2, 1868, was mar- ried to Elizabeth Organ. In the fall of the next year they came to Denison, where Mr. Wiggins pursued his trade, nntill 1877, when he removed to James county and from there came to Dow City, where he has since resid- ed. He carries on a general blacksmithing business and his work is very neatly done. Politically, he is a Republican, and is a member of the G. A. R., Smith Post, and he served as Commander of the post during the first two years of its organization. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Wiggins have six children: Miranda M., wife of George W. Brake; Fran- ces Matilda, engaged in teaching; Jessie, Maude, Decoration and Harriet. Mr. and Mrs. Wiggins are highly respected people, and are greatly liked for their many qualities. -*£: FARQUHAR,M. D., a physician and surgeon of Early, Iowa, located here in 1882, the year the town was platted and lias engaged in the practice of his profes- sion at this place ever since. He was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1840, a son of David and Hannah (Shaw) Farquhar. The father was a native of East Bethlehem township, and died in Washington county, Pennsylvania, of whicli county the mother was a native, and there died in 1882. They reared a family of nine children, seven of of whom are living, namely: Joseph, resid- ing in East Bethlehem township; Mary, mar- 67B JilOOIiAPnWAI. HISTORY OF ried Samuel Thistlewhaite, of East Bethlehem township; Caroline is the widow of Thomas West, of California, Pennsylvania; Sannah is the widow hio. daughter of David and Martha Miller, natives of Pennsylvania. The father died in Ohio, but the mother lives in Colum- biana county, Ohio. In 1882 our subject came to Sac county, as above stated. Dr. ami Mrs. Parqnhar bare three children: Elwood, Martha and Clayton. He takes some in- terest in politics, voting the Republican ticket, but is much occupied with his profes ..id aional duties. At the present time he holds the honorable position of Meyor of the city, serving his second term. Socially, he i> a member of St. Elmo Lodge, A. I'. & A. M., No. 462, of Early, and is a Chapter Mason at Mt. Pleasant. He is also a member of McDowell Post, and has been Surgeon of the same. He and his wife are respected mem hers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are among the most respected citizens of the place. ■ 1 ^ :8: — = 3 * TRINKLE, a retired farmer of Lake View, was born in Crawford county, * Indiana, on the Ohio river, April 14, 1824, a son of Adam Trinkle, a native of Germany. The father was four years of age when he came to the United States, settling in Virginia, wherehegrew to years of maturity. He was there married to Miss Hannah Ruth- erford, a native of Ireland. After residing for a time in Virginia, they went to Crawford county, Indiana, where they were among the early pioneers, and thence to Clay county. Illinois. The father died there at the age of fifty-two years, and the mother aged fifty-three years. They reared a family of ten children, three sons and seven dainditers. A. Trinkle, our subject, spent the first few- years of his life in Crawford county, Indiana, was afterward engaged in farming in Illinois, returned to his native place, in 1866, went to Beardstown, Illinois, thence to Jackson town- ship, Crawford county, Iowa, and next to Mil ford township, same county. Tlmt town- ship then contained only seven voters, and there was not a single house between that place and Deloit. Mr. Trinkle erected the tirst log cabin where James Maynard now resides, improved his land, and now owns 44<> acres CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAO COVNTIES. 67? under a tine state of cultivation. He also fed the first cattle and sheep in this locality, shipped the first carload of cattle from Vail and Westside, and is now feeding 100 head in Jackson township, Crawford county. Mr. Trinkle moved to Lake View in 1892, pur- chasing; five and three-fourth acres of land, where he has erected a fine residence. Dur- ing the civil war he was one of its best soldiers, participated in the battle of Wilson's Creek, Missouri, was assigned to the invalid corps and stationed at Alton, Illinois. In Clay county, Illinois, at the age of twenty-five years, our subject was united in marriage with Miss Margaret Riley, a native of Wayne county, Illinois, and a daughter of John and Mary Jane Riley. To this union have been born four children, only one of whom is still living: Elizabeth, wife of James May- nard, of Jackson township. They lost two daughters and one son, Margaret Jane, de- deased at the age of seventeen years; Sarah, at the age of six years; and Stephen, at the age of one month. Mr. Trinkle takes an active interest in politics, and has served with credit as County Surveyor. He is one ot the early pioneers, and one of the prominent men of Lake View. ■ «> o . —I- * 3^ IRWIN D. HOWLAND.— The subject of the present sketch is a farmer, resid- ing on section 30, in Boyer township, Crawford county, Iowa. He settled on the farm in 1887. The birth of our subject took place in Berkshire county, Massachusetts, in 1857. He was one in a family of four born to Asaph and Abigail (Miller) Howland, who were na- tives of Massachusetts. The father was a 48 farmer and was reared in the Bay State, and, in the fall of 1878, came West, locating in Mills county, Iowa, and later opened up a farm in Pottawattamie county, Iowa. He afterward moved to Grant, Nebraska, and there engaged in the mercantile business. The mother of our subject died in Massachu- setts, in 1861. His brother Truman came West in 1877, settling in Mills county, Iowa, and latter returned to his old home. Still later he came to Pottawattamie county, and from there he went to Richardson county, Nebraska, and engaged in farming and stock- raising. Emory came West to Mills county, Iowa, in 1877, and married in the county and later moved to Boyer township, and thence to Harrison county, Iowa, where he now resides. The sister of our subject came to Mills county with her father, and in 1878, was mar- ried to Mr. Wilson, and now resides in But- ler county, Nebraska. Our subject was reared in Berkshire county, Massachusetts, and was educated in the schools of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and en- gaged in farming there. In 1879 he emi- grated to Mills county, Iowa, where he fol- lowed farming and resided there until 1885. At this time occurred a great and interest- ing event in the life of Mr. Howland, his mar- riage to Miss Angelica Bailey, of Schenec- tady, New York. She was the daughter of William and Angelica (Van Slick) Bailey. Her mother was born in Sclmectady and her father in Emdand. He came to New York when a child and followed the trade of a car- penter. He moved to Plattsmouth, Nebraska, in December, 1879, settling on what is known as the Stocking farm. He still lives on the farm, but the mother died in January, 1892. Her family came from Holland and there are a number of the name living in the Mohawk valley. 078 BiooiiApnicAL nrsTonY of After marriage our subject settled where he now lives, and lie began to make improve ments. He take- some id teres t in politics and votes with the Republican party, and is a member of the School Hoard. Mrs. Howland is a devoted member of t ho Methodist Epis- copal Church. By aformer marriage she had one child, Miss Bertha Seeley, who is now attending college at Fremont, Nebraska, and will complete her course soon. She expects to become a teacher in Nebraska. Mr. and Mrs. Howland have one little daughter, Eula, a bright and beautiful child. They have seen many changes in the county 6ince coming here. Mr. Howland has had much to do with the general improvements as he has ever been ready with advice and means to further any ami every enterprise forthe public good. — *•£*■ iWj^+-~- — |HARLES ATHERTON, a farmer of section 30, I '.oyer township, located on his present farm in 1891, He was born in Flintshire, North Wales, May 29, 1845, and was the third in a family of nine, eight now living. II is parents were James and Elizabeth (Jones) Atherton, the former a na- tive of Lancashire, England, and the mother of Flintshire, North Wales. The father was a farmer in his native country, and, in 1881, lie left there and came to Monona county, Iowa, and now make- hi- Imme with his chil- dren in Harrison county. The mother died in Flintshire, Wales, in 1*74. Of the family living, Edward A., came to LaCrosse county, Wisconsin, in 1869, and in the Eallof the same year went to Saunders county, Nebraska, with his brother Charles, and October 26, bought land, but sold it and returned to Wisconsin. In 1870 he came to Dow City, Crawford county, Iowa, and thence to Monona county, where lie now resides. .I<>lm . I. , married at Emporia, Kansas, where he has an extensive market. He came first to LaCrosse, Wisconsin, in the fall of 1869, and in the spring of 1870 went to St. Joseph, Missouri, and in 1*71 made his way to Kansas. James is married and re-ides in Harrison county, Iowa. lie came to Wisconsin in ISO!), and that fall went to Saunders county. Nebraska; bought land with his brother Edward, sold it the same fall, and returned to Wisconsin; and in the spring of 1*71 came to Boyer township, and worked at farm labor for Samuel and Taylor Dunkham, where he remained eight years, and then set- tled in Monona county, where he opened up a farm, which he now rents, and resides in Har- rison county. Elizabeth is the widow of David Griffith, of Brown county, Dakota. She came to La Crosse county, Wisconsin, in 1809, and married and moved to Dakota. El- eanor is the wife of Bernard, married in Eng- land, and in 1882, they, with the family of two. came to Monona county, and he is in the employ of the railroad, and resides at Missouri Valley. Henry E. is married and resides at Missouri Valley, having come to Monona county, Iowa, in 1**1, from Liverpool, En- gland, and later went to Missouri Valley, in the employ of the railroad company. Koger tlied at the age of nine months. Sarah is the wife of Mi-. ( )f the popular business men of his city. Mr. Arnold was married at Beloit, Wis- consin, to Miss Nelly II. Packard, a native of Winnebago couuty, Illinois, and a daughter of Jacob Packard, a prominent citizen of that County. Our subject and wife have two children: Lola 1'.. and Tom. Mr. Arnold is a Republican in his political views; socially, affiliates with the K. of I'., No. 166; and religiously, his wife is an active member of the Presbyterian ( Ihurch. .1. DIETER, proprietor of the Westside Livery, Sale and Feed Barn, was born i 3 in Canton, Ohio, May 3, 1857, a son of George and Ellen (McKinn) Dieter, of German and Irish parentage. The mother died in Ohio when our subject was ten years of aire, and the father now resides at Vail. They were the parents of ten children, of whom R.J. was the eldest child. He was reared and educated in his native State, and after reaching a suitable age was employed by a market gardener eight years.' He then Conducted B meat market for a time, and in 1885 came to this county, where he was en- gaged in farming until opening his livery business in this city. He bought the ham in September, 1891, of W.J. Glasscock, who had conducted tin- business in this city for three or four years. Mr. Dieter keeps the best of driving horses, both Bingle and double teams, good carriages and wagons, and every- thing is found in tirst class order. lie is well acquainted with the people of Crawford and Carroll counties, and takes a traveler quickly and safely to any point, at reasonable rates. Although in business but a short time, he has made many friends, by his >ocial and jovial ways. His barn is located just west of the hotel. Mr. Dieter is the owner of the well known Hambletonian, Gee McPherson, a horse of groat beauty, .-ixteun and a half hands high, of good action, and weighing L,250 pounds. He is one of the best horses in the county, and gives promise of great speed. Our Bubject was married at Toledo, Ohio, in 1885, to Miss Lizzie Shnll, a native of that city. They have one child, Olive Gertrude. In his social relations Mr. Dieter is a mem- ber of the K. of P.. Ainsworth Lodge, No. 14S. He is yet in the prime of life, intel- ligent and genial in his manner, an 1 is a popular business man. P. II A KVFV.one id' the successful and popular citizens of Crawford county. i° was born iii Am boy, Lee county, Illi- Mav I, 1852, a -on of Michael Harvey, a native id' Ireland. He came to the United State- when a hoy, grew to manhood in New York city, and was there married to Ellen Met Hll. The parents came West in 1850, CRAWFORD, IDA AND SAC COUNTIES. 687 locating at Amboy, Illinois, where the father died at the age of forty-eight years. The niotlier now resides in that city, aged seventy- four years. Mr. and Mrs. Harvey were the parents of nine children, eight sons and one daughter. • C. P., our subject, was reared to farm life in Lee coirnty, Illinois, and in 1871 he re- moved to Chicago, where he was first em- ployed in driving teams, and then as clerk in a mercantile house. He was there during the great tire of 1871. In 1875 he located, near Clinton, Clinton county, Iowa, made his home at Westside from 1875 until the spring of 1892, and in that year bought his present farm of 120 acres, located five and one-half miles east of Denison. He has a beautiful dwelling, 18x24 feet, one and a half stories high, situated on a natural building site, and surrounded by a grove and orchard. Mr. Harvey was married in Clinton county, at the age of twenty-four years, to Hannah Polhamus, a native of that county, and a daughter of Thomas Polhamus, also of Clin- ton county. To this union has been born two children: Thomas Berry and James, aged respectively fifteen and eleven years. Mr. Harvey is a leader in the Democratic party, has served as County Supervisor three years, having been elected in the fall of 1881, and has made a good record as a county official. Socially, he is a member of the I. D. O. F., of Vail, and of the Knights of Pyth- ias, Ainsvvorth Lodge, No. 148, of West- side. C. DRAKE, proprietor of the Schaf- fer Livery Barn, Ida Grove, Iowa, .^SJiiM Q has been a resident of Ida county since 1874. Coming here at that time, he settled on forty acres of wild land in section 27, Blaine township, and erected a small frame house, 12x14 feet. After living on this farm one year he purchased forty acres on section 28, to which he subsequently added until he had 160 acres. This was all wild land at the time of purchase, and he im- proved it by planting groves and orchard, etc., it being now one of the best farms in the township. On this place he made his home until 1886, when he sold it, and from 1886 to 1892 he was engaged in farming and the restaurant business. Iu the last named year he rented his present barn, and has since been conducting a boarding and feed stable. Having located here when this highly cul- tivated country was on tire frontier, Mr. Drake has witnessed its growth and development, and has taken an active part in bringing about this change. Through his generosity and willingness to assist his fellow-men he has been taken undue advantage of, and has suf- fered in consequence. He has struggled hard to build himself up, and has maintained a reputation for integrity, which places him in an enviable position — a position which many, who can boast of their thousands, would be glad to occupy. He is a stanch Republican, has been a member of the School Board, and has served as Constable and Road Supervisor. He is a member of the I. O. O. P., Charter Oak Lodge, No. 105. Mr. Drake was married in October, 1872, to Miss Julia A. Miller, a native of Ohio. She died June 5, 1884, "aged twenty-nine years. Three of their five children are liv- ing: Mary E., "William II. and Winnie E. Lewis aud an infant son are deceased. March 11, 1886, Mr. Drake married Hannah McGee, a native of Pennsylvania. Their only child is named Ulysses W. ►3K-*3»- BIOGRAPHICAL HIBT0R7 OF |CB \ DE & HOSE, furniture dealers and undertakers, established their business at [da Grove in July, L892, commen- cing operations with a stuck of goods worth some $2,300. They occupy a new building, which was erected in the Bpring of 1892 bj Mr. dose. This building is 23$x90x 14 feet, with a basemenl under the whole of it. In the rcai- part of the building some twenty feet contains an upstairs, in which is kept the .-t.>ck of plush goods. They do a general re- pairing and upholstering business. Following is a brief sketch of Mr. Hose. A biography of Mr. Schade will be found in this work. J. Hose was born in Ogle comity, Illinois, in the town of Oregon, October 3, 1S55, old- est of the thirteen children of Samuel and Emeline (Lester) Hose, who came West from Maryland, and located in Illinois. His father is now a resident of Portland, Oregon, and his mother is deceased. He was reared in Illinois. At the age of eighteen he com- menced teaching school in Dallas county. Iowa, where he located in L872, and continued thus occupied for some sis years. In 1881 he entered the employ of the Northwestern Railroad Company as operator at Statu Centre, lie was afterward at Moville, Dan bury and Mapleton, and < >ctol>er lit, 1890, was sent by the company to Ida Grove to act as agent in the office here. He filled this position un- til April, 1892, when on account of failing health, was obliged to resign and seek a change of business, and since July has been connected with the above mentioned firm. Mr. Hose was married May 12, 1884, to Miss Nellie McKeen.a native of < >reeon, Till— nois, and a daughter of J. and M. Mclveen. They have an only child, Jennie. Politically, Mr. Hose Democratic. He is a member of Kane Lodge, No. 377 (Masonic), and of Ida Grove Lodge, I. O. O. F. i'/ Iw ■*\ 4 . --* * * * *» A ^ ■%. •» \V -v 'c \ ^ % % $ ,\ i ^ %. •