REYNOLDS MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, Unveiling of the Statue OF General John F. Reynolds, PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 18, 1884. REYNOLDS MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. Unveiling of the Statue OF General John F. Reynolds, PHIUDELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 18, 1884. t^l fo^ s^" Bxcbanire West. Bee. Hlrt. Boo. -3 I THE REYNOLDS STATUE. CS On the 1st of July, 1881, a meeting was held at the Union League House, Philadelphia, to act upon the offer made by Mr. Joseph E. Temple to subscribe twenty-five thousand dollars for a bronze eques- trian statue of Major-General John Fulton Reynolds. The following letter from Mr. Temple was read : Philadelphia, July 1, 1881. To THE Treasurer Eeyjstolds Monument Association: Dear Sir, — In accordance with and in confirmation of my promise, I agree to pay twenty-five thousand dollars as my subscription for the equestrian statue of General John F. Reynolds. I trust the Commit- tee will be able to secure a further sum through the different military and civil associations of individuals who admired General Reynolds's bravery and devotion to his country. I hope that the General Meade and General Reynolds Committees will act in concert, so that the statues of these two heroic soldiers may typify their friendship by standing together to perpetuate their memory. I should like to have inscribed on the pedestal of the Reynolds statue : GENERAL JOHN F. REYNOLDS, Pennsylvania's hero, Who Fell at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Yours, etc., Joseph E. Temple. After which, the Reynolds Memorial Association was organized as ] follows : ' On the part of The State of Pennsylvania. — The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Speaker of the House, and Adjutant-General. First Corps, Army of the Potomac. — General John C. Robinson, Colonel G. C. Benedict, Captain J. G. Rosengarten. Third Corps, Army of the Potomac. — Colonel Clayton McMichael, Major J. B. Fassitt, Dr. E. L. Welling. Pennsylvania Reserve Association. — General Lemuel Tod, General John Taylor, General C. W. Hazzard. 3 4 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. Association of Graduates of West Point Military Academy. — Professor Kendrick, General Russell Thayer, Lieutenant Braden. Grand Army of the Republic. — General W. W. Dudley, General Hastings, Captain A. M. K. Storrie. Society of the Army of the Potomac. — General W. B. Franklin, General H. W. Slocum, General H. G. Wright. Military Order of the Loyal Legion. — General S. D. Oliphant, Major John W. Duncan, General H. G. Sickel. Third U. 8. Artillery. — General Getty. Fifth U. S. Infantry. — Colonel Lugenbeel. Fourteenth U. S. Infantry. — Colonel Hunt. Eleventh Corps. — General Charles Devens. Buford's Cavalry Division. — General J. B. Mcintosh. Governor A. G. Curtin was elected president, and J. G. Rosen- garten secretary and treasurer. The generous offer of Mr. Temple was heartily and gratefully accepted, and the following appeal was issued. To ALL, Soldiers who Served with Reynolds: At a meeting held at the Union League in Philadelphia, on the 1st of July, 1881, the eighteenth anniversary of the death of General John Fulton Reynolds at Gettysburg, it was resolved to form an association to erect an equestrian statue of that heroic soldier. Mr. J. E. Temple subscribed twenty-five thousand dollars. The Grand Army of the Republic, the Society of the Army of the Potomac, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, the Pennsylvania Reserves, the Third U. S. Artillery, the Fifth and the Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, the Association of Graduates of West Point, the First Corps, the Third Corps, the Eleventh Corps, Buford's Cavalry Division, and other military and civil organizations, heartily endorse the proposed monu- ment as a fitting recognition of Reynolds's services. All soldiers who served with Reynolds are invited to contribute according to their means. A dollar from every man who was with Reynolds in his successive commands, from the time he left West Point until he fell at Gettysburg, will abundantly provide the sum required. Send whatever you can give, be it much or little; do what you can to secure additional subscriptions, and forward them to J. G. Rosengarten, Treasurer, 532 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, who will promptly ac- knowledge the receipt. By order of the Executive Committee Reynolds Monument As- sociation. A r^ m n 'J 1 A. G. Curtin, President. UNVEILING OF TEE STATUE. 5 The Executive Committee consisted of the following : First Corps. — Colonel James Ashworth, succeeded, on his death, by Colonel Alexander Biddle. Third Corps. — Colonel Clayton McMichael. Cavalry Corps. — General J. B. Mcintosh. Society of the Army of the Potomac. — General John C. Robinson, represented by General C. T. H. Collis. Loyal Legion. — Colonel J. P. Nicholson. Ghrmd Army of the Republic. — General Louis Wagner. Pennsylvania Reserves. — General Langhorne Wister. Association of Graditates of West Point Military Academy. — Gen- eral Russell Thayer. Third U. 8. Artillery. — General H. G. Gibson, represented by General James W. Latta. Fifth U. 8. Infantry. — Captain Simon Snyder, represented by Colonel Geo. W. Woodward. Fourteenth U. 8. Infantry. — General Hunt, represented by Captain Geo. W. Davis. Fairmount Park Commission. — Hon. John Welsh. Fairmount Park Art Association. — C. J. Harrah. With these there were also associated the following : Mr. James Beale, Twelfth Massachusetts. Thos. J. Stewart, Assistant Adjutant-General, Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Pennsylvania. The officers of General John F. Reynolds Post, No. 71, Grand Army of the Republic. S. C. Perkins, President, John McArthur, Jr., Architect, Commission for the Erection of the Public Buildings. General Richard Coulter, Wallace W. Johnson, and the repre- sentatives of various regiments formerly serving under Reynolds, and the Grand Army of the Republic Posts, and other organizations and individuals contributing to the memorial fund. The Legislature of Pennsylvania endorsed the proposed memorial by the following joint resolution : Whereas, Mr. Joseph E. Temple, a generous citizen of Philadel- phia, has subscribed the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars for an equestrian statue of General John Fulton Reynolds, to be erected in 6 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. Philadelphia, as a memorial of the gratitude of the people of Penn- sylvania for the services of that gallant soldier, and the sacrifice of his life in defence of the Union on the soil of his native State ; and Whereas, It is eminently proper that the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania should share with its citizens in doing honor to one of its great soldiers ; therefore, Be it Resolved, That the Governor be, and he is hereby, authorized and requested to give such number of old brass guns in the State Arsenal as may be necessary to supply the material for a bronze statue of General Reynolds; and for this purpose the Governor, and the Speakers of the Senate and House of Representatives, together with the Adjutant-General of the State, be appointed a commission on the part of the State to co-operate with the committee appointed by the citizens and soldiers and organizations taking part in the proposed memorial of General Reynolds. Resolved, That the State of Pennsylvania, through its representa- tives, returns its thanks to Mr. Temple for his patriotic example of the recognition due to the services of General Reynolds, and for the noble instance of a private citizen thus voluntarily encouraging his fellow- countrymen in perpetuating the memory of that gallant soldier, to whose bravery and devotion this State, together with the whole country, owe a debt of imperishable gratitude. Subsequently the State appropriated the sum of five thousand dol- lars for a pedestal for the statue. The Society of the Army of the Potomac, at its annual meeting for 1881, at Hartford, Conn., took action as follows: General Franklin, after eulogizing the distinguished services of General John F. Reynolds, deceased, oifered the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : KESOLUTIONS APPEOVING AND INVITING SUBSCRIPTIONS TO A FUND FOR AN EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF GENERAL JOHN F. REYNOLDS, ADOPTED BY THE SOCIETY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Whereas, A generous citizen of Philadelphia, Mr. J. E. Temple, offers to subscribe the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars towards an equestrian statue of General John F. Reynolds ; Resolved, That the Society of the Army of the Potomac heartily approve the proposed memorial, and recommend it to its members, to UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 7 all who served under and with Reynolds, and especially to his own, the First Corps, as well as to the Third and Eleventh Corps and Buford's Cavalry Division, Reynolds's command when he fell at Gettysburg. Resolved, That a committee of three, together with the officers of this Society, be appointed to co-operate with similar committees from other organizations, in taking the requisite steps to raise such additional sum as shall be required to complete the amount needed for the proper execution of the proposed memorial. Resolved, That this Society appeal to the public, as well as to its members and all soldiers, to subscribe to the proposed memorial, that it may suitably record and recall the principal events of Reynolds's long and distinguished military career : his services in the Florida war and the war with Mexico ; his gallant leadership of the Division of the Pennsylvania Reserves through the battles on the Peninsula; his hero- ism in the battles before Washington ; his indomitable perseverance in organizing the militia for the campaign in Maryland ; his distinguished ability in leading the First Corps at Fredericksburg and Chancellors- ville; his skill in handling the three Corps and the Cavalry Division in the campaign that ended in the battle of Gettysburg; his share in securing that victory, and his heroic death on the battle-field at the head of his brave soldiers in the opening hour of the contest. The President appointed as such committee, — General W. B. Franklin, Hartford, Conn. ; General Horatio G. Wright, Washington, D. C. ; General Henry W. Slocum, Brooklyn, N. Y. The Grand Army of the Republic, through General Louis Wag- ner, its commander-in-chief, issued a general order, containing the fol- lowing : The services of General Reynolds during the war were of a char- acter to endear him to the soldiers whose privilege it was to serve under him in the Division of the Pennsylvania Reserves, in the First Army Corps, in the Third and Eleventh Corps, in Buford's Cavalry Division, and the troops he led before and during the Gettysburg cam- paign. His victories were theirs, and their achievements contributed to his renown. The whole country sees in Reynolds the embodiment of that heroism which made the invincible soldier, and a statue in endur- ing bronze will show to coming generations that unselfish, patriotic ser- vices, even unto death, are not forgotten. The Association of Graduates of the United States Military Acad- emy at West Point adopted the following : 8 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. Whereas, It is proposed by a patriotic citizen to erect an eques- trian statue of Major-General John F. Reynolds in Philadelphia ; Resolved, That the erection of a statue to commemorate the services and gallant death of our former comrade, friend, and fellow-graduate, General John F. Reynolds, who fell so nobly at Gettysburg, meets with the earnest approval of this Association ; and Resolved, That our presiding officer be authorized to appoint a member of this organization to act as its representative in the Reynolds Memorial Association. Professor Kendrick, in transmitting the foregoing, wrote : " The project meets with the most cordial approval of all graduates. Reynolds was among the grandest of our great generals. His fellow-citizens, in erecting this statue, will give another illustration of that high appre- ciation of true nobility for which Philadelphia is already so distin- guished." At the Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic at Get- tysburg, on July 26, 1882, the following comrades were appointed a special committee on the Reynolds statue, viz. : Comrade Louis Wagner, Post 6, Philadelphia. " John Taylor, Post 51, Philadelphia. " Chill W. Hazzard, Post 60, Monongahela, Pa. " L. H. Martin, Post 5, Philadelphia. " S. M. Jackson, Post 89, Apollo, Pa. " G. W. Palmer, Post 191, Philadelphia. " Alexander Reed, Post 1, Philadelphia. And resolutions were adopted urging the Legislature to make provision for the pedestal. The following petition was largely signed throughout the State, and was presented by representatives from all sections on behalf of their constituents : To THE Honorable the Senate and House of Representa- tives OF Pennsylvania : The undersigned respectfully petition your honorable bodies to appropriate the sum of five thousand dollars towards the expense of a pedestal for the equestrian statue of Major-General John Fulton UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 9 Reynolds. They remind the members of the Legislature that at the last session concurrent resolutions were adopted in both House and Sen- ate appropriating old brass guns in the State Arsenal, but the bill failed to reach the Governor within the proper time. The generous sub- scription of Mr. Joseph E. Temple has, however, provided the means of defraying the cost of the proposed equestrian statue of General Reynolds, and it is now in the course of preparation by a distinguished sculptor, Mr. John Rogers. It is believed that a State contribution would fitly mark and express the gratitude of the people of Penn- sylvania for the life so nobly sacrificed by General Reynolds in defence of his country upon the soil of his native State at Gettysburg. The soldiers who served with General Reynolds, and those who appreciate his services, alike join in this petition, in the hope that his native State will share in the monument intended to perpetuate his name and fame. A bill appropriating five thousand dollars for the pedestal of the Reynolds statue was introduced in the House of Representatives by Hon. Upton H. White, and, after being eloquently urged by that gentleman and a number of his colleagues, it was finally passed in that House and in the Senate, where it was introduced by the Hon. George Handy Smith, and soon became a law. The Councils of Philadelphia adopted resolutions authorizing the Mayor to accept the custody of the Reynolds statue, and appointed Messrs. McCormick, Walton, and Loeble on the part of Common Council, and Messrs. Patton, Grim, and McDevitt on the part of Select Council, who, together with the Mayor, took part in the ceremonies of unveiling the statue and the re- ception of the guests of the Association on that occasion. The Councils also marked their sense of the importance of the occasion by an early adjournment on the day of the unveiling, for the purpose of being present, and by suitable resolutions of welcome to the distinguished visitors. On the 18th of February, 1882, the Association, in accordance with the suggestion of Mr. Temple, awarded the execution of the statue to Mr. John Rogers, the sculptor, and in November, 1883, the contract for the pedestal was awarded to Messrs. Douglass Bros. On March 20, 1884, Pennsylvania Reserve Post, No. 191, G. A. R., adopted the following : Resolved, That the erection of the statue of the late General John F. Reynolds in Philadelphia meets with the hearty support 10 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. and sympathy of the members of this body, and they desire to express not only their unqualified approval and tiieir deep appreciation of the services rendered to his country during the civil war by General Reynolds, but also their admiration for his great military genius, and their love and respect for him as a commander. As a soldier and officer he had few equals and no superiors in the Army of the Potomac at the time of his death. His name is one of the brightest stars in the constellation of the defenders of the Union, and his memory sliould be cherished and his name revered by every soldier and citizen who loves the glorious Union for which he died. The unveiling of the statue was originally fixed for the 1st of July, the anniversary of the heroic death of General Reynolds at the head of his advance in front of Gettysburg, but owing to unavoidable delay in the completion of the granite base, the day was finally fixed for Thursday, the 18th day of September, 1884; and as that was also appointed Grand Army Day, and the day for the opening of the new United Service Club, under the auspices of the Loyal Legion, and the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Reserve Association, the occasion was made a general holiday, in which large numbers of veterans and great masses of citizens, young and old, joined in doing honor to the memory of Reynolds. The following orders were issued by the Chief Marshal, General H. G. Sickel : UNVEILING OF THE KEYNOLDS STATUE, THURSDAY, SEPTEM- BER 18, 1884, AT 4 p.m., NORTH FRONT OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS, BROAD AND MARKET STREETS, PHILADELPHIA. 3 P.M. The Reynolds Monument Association will meet at the Union League House (which has been generously offered to the Association and its guests by the Directors). The Pennsylvania Reserve Association, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, the Grand Army of the Republic, and all other organ- ized bodies, will report at the Union League House, at 3 p.m., to the Marshal. The Girard College Cadets will be the escort from the Union League House to the Public Buildings, 4 P.M. Unveiling of the Reynolds statue. 1. Ex-Governor Curtin will preside. 2. Rev. J. Hervey Beale, Chaplain of the Pennsylvania Reserve Association, will make a short prayer. UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 11 3. Governor Pattison, on behalf of the State, will present the pedestal. 4. The General John Fulton Reynolds Post, No. 71, G. A. R., will unveil the statue. 5. Ex-Governor Curtin, on behalf of the Association, will present the statue. 6. The Mayor will accept the future custody of the statue. 7. The President of the Public Buildings Commission will take charge of it. 8. The Oration of Colonel R. Biddle Roberts, of Chicago, formerly colonel of the First Pennsylvania Reserves. 5 P.M. The Pennsylvania Reserve Association will meet at the Supreme Court Room (by the courtesy of the Prothonotary, Colonel Greene,) immediately on the completion of the unveiling. 8 P.M. The Reception of the Pennsylvania Reserve Association and their guests at the Union League House. All organizations intending to participate in the unveiling of the Reynolds statue will report forthwith to General H. G. Sickel, Marshal. OflSice, S W. Corner Sixth and Sansom Sts. UNVEILING OF THE EEYNOLDS STATUE. Philadelphia, September 18, 1884. The procession will form at 3J o'clock p.m., on Broad Street, right resting on Sansom Street, facing west, in the following order : I. General John F. Reynolds Post, No. 71, G. A. R., to which is assigned the special duty of unveiling the statue. It will report to General Louis Wagner, Marshal, and Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements. 1. Girard College Cadets, Major John "W. Ryan, commanding, special escort to the Reynolds Monument Association and invited guests. 2. Reynolds Monument Association, ex-Governor A. G. Curtin, President; Colonel R. Biddle Roberts, Orator; Joseph E. Temple, Esq.; Rev. J. Hervey Beale, Chaplain. 12 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. III. 1. Governor Pattison and Staff, and Heads of Departments of the State of Pennsylvania. 2. Members of the Pennsylvania State Senate. 3. Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. 4. Hon. Wm. B. Smith, Mayor of the City of Philadelphia, and Hon. Samuel C. Perkins, President of the Public Buildings Commision. 5. Members of the Public Buildings Commission. IV. 1. Heads of City Departments. 2. Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia. 3. U. S. Government Officials located in Philadelphia. 4. Other invited guests. V. 1. Pennsylvania Reserve Association, acting escort. 2. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. 3. Army and Navy Officers of the United States on duty or leave of absence, and retired officers at Philadelphia. 4. Major-General John F. Hartranft and Staff. 5. Brigade Commanders of the National Guard of Pennsylvania and their respective Staffs. 6. Other officers of the National Guard of Pennsylvania. VI. 1. U. S. Cadets of West Point Military Academy. 2. U. S. Cadets of the Annapolis Naval Academy. VII. 1. The Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic of the United States and Staff. 2. The Commander of the Department of Pennsylvania and Staff, Grand Army of the Republic. 3. Posts of the Grand Army of the Republic. 4. All other organized bodies and delegations. The following committees, announced by the Reynolds Monu- ment Association, will be in attendance at the Union League House (South Broad Street), at 3 o'clock p.m., to receive and entertain invited guests : UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 13 Committee of Arrangements. — General Louis Wagner, James Beale, Esq., and General James W. Latta. Committee of Reception. — Ex-Governor A. G. Curtin, J. G Rosen- garten, Colonel George A. Woodward, Colonel Alexander Biddle, and Colonel Thomas J. Stewart. Committee on Behalf of Select Council. — Edward W. Patton, Esq., John L. Grim, Esq., John J. McDevitt, Esq. Committee on Behalf of Common Council. — Captain James McCor- mick. Captain John M. Walton, U.S.A., J. Frederick Loeble, Esq. The following-named officers are designated as marshals, and will be assigned to their respective duties in future orders : General Louis Wagner, Colonel George A. Woodward, General James W. Latta, Wallace W. Johnson, General S. Duncan Oliphant, Colonel John P. Nicholson, Major John W. Duncan, Captain James McCormick, General Russell Tiiayer, Colonel Alexander Biddle, Captain John Taylor, Colonel Thomas J. Stewart, Colonel A. W. Russell, Major E. M. Woodward, Hon. George Handy Smith, and Hon. Upton H. White. By order of General H. G. Sickel, Chief Marshal. Augustus T. Lynch, Special Aid. The following are some of the numerous tributes paid to General Reynolds by the newspapers on the day of the unveiling: {From '■'■The Times;" September 18, 1884.) IN MEMOKY OF KEYNOLDS. The unveiling to-day of the equestrian statue of General John F. Reynolds in front of the new City Hall will be an event of note in many ways. With the exception of the figure of Washington at Indepen- dence Hall, this will be the first public statue erected in the streets of Philadelphia. There are a number of statues of more or less impor- tance and of various degrees of merit or demerit scattered through Fairmount Park, where most of them, having no relation with any architectural surroundings, ai*e misplaced and inefifective ; but even in- cluding these, Philadelphia has not done very much to commemorate her great men. There is no adequate statue of Penn ; none of Frank- 14 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. lin, except that in front of the Ledger building; none of Morris, or Rittenhouse, or Pastorius, or other of our early civic worthies, and heretofore there has been no public statue of any of the military heroes of the Commonwealth of either the earlier or the later period. The devotion of the soldiers of the Army of the Potomac, aided by the generosity of a public-minded citizen, has now supplied this neglect in the case of Reynolds, and side by side with his statue we may hope soon to see that of Meade, the other Pennsylvania soldier whose name was made illustrious in the defence of the State and of the Union. It is most fitting that this honor should be paid to Reynolds,-a man who fulfilled in every situation in which he was placed the ideal of the soldier and commander. It is idle to speculate upon what might have been had Reynolds survived that fatal first day at Gettysburg which cut short his bright career. That the story of the great battle would have been different cannot be doubted, any more than that he must have risen to higher and more responsible command. It is possible that he too might have been dwarfed by great responsibility, as Burn- side and Hooker, and even Meade were dwarfed, though each had won a brilliant fame in subordinate command. Reynolds himself, like Sedgwick, shrank from this thought, and declined advancement when offered him. But up to, and beyond, the full limit of the charge laid upon him he displayed all the qualities that command confidence in the fulness of his powers and that won for him the distinction of the foremost soldier of the Army of the Potomac. Other officers were brave and daring ; others had the power of command ; others had skill in organization, knowledge of military science, the gift of leadership ; but Reynolds had all of these, and with them a keenness and quickness of perception — the trained military in- stinct that foresaw the occasion and seized it as it arose — that raised him above all his brilliant compeers in that glorious army. It may be that there was an untried place which Reynolds was not big enough to fill ; but he was always bigger than any place he- occupied, — from the organization of his brigade in the Pennsylvania Reserves to the com- mand of the right wing of the Army of the Potomac, — performing every duty with a modest subordination that showed no thought of self, yet rising to the full measure of every opportunity that duty brought to him. It could not have been otherwise than that such a man should win the highest place in military honor and in the gratitude of his countrymen. There have been men who owed all their fame to the accident of an early death, but Reynolds had already w^on his fame, and all the posthumous honors that we can heap upon him we may feel UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 15 sure that he deserves — sure that he would have deserved yet more had he been spared to us. The statue of such a man, — the gallant, modest, true-minded gentle- man and the brave and skilful general, — set up in a public place, does honor to the city and Commonwealth that can claim him as their own. It does not merely commemorate some martial achievement. It tells of a life of courage, endurance and obedience; of large powers consecra- ted to duty and patriotism ; of heroic daring and entire sacrifice — a life cheerfully laid down for country and mankind. It is not we who honor Reynolds to-day ; it is Reynolds that honors us. {From '■'■The Press," September 18, 1884.) GENERAL JOHN F. REYNOLDS. It is peculiarly fitting that the memory of General John F. Rey- nolds should be cherished in the chief city of the State of which he was a native, and upon whose soil and in whose defence he nobly died. The Reynolds statue which has been erected in Philadelphia, and which will be unveiled to-day in the presence of soldiers who escaped the sol- dier's death that fell to his lot, and also in the presence of men and women to whom the civil war is but an epoch in history, will help to recall the patriotism, bravery, as well as the more unusual soldierly qualities of one of the best commanders of the Union army long after the last survivor of the war has passed away. On the twenty-first of this month it will have been sixty-four years since there began in pastoral Lancaster the life which ended at Gettysburg twenty-one years ago. Between the peaceful early days and the heroic ending were many gallant deeds done at Monterey and Buena Vista, long marches across the Continent, and dangers from the stealthy Indian foe along the Pacific coast, the training and prepa- ration which enabled Reynolds to perform the still more conspicuous services to be rendered by him in the great battles of the civil war. Reynolds was the commandant of cadets at West Point in 1860. In 1861 he was placed in command of the First Brigade of the Pennsyl- vania Reserves, and, upon General McCall's resignation, became com- mander of the Reserves. In 1862 he assumed command of the First Corps of the Army of the Potomac, and at the time of Hooker's ad- vance northward towards Gettysburg, General Reynolds commanded the right wing of the army, consisting of three corps. Bull Run, where he preserved the famous stone bridge to the Union army, the 16 REYNOLDS MEMOBIAL. first seven days' fight on the Peninsula, the Chancellorsville cam- paign, wherein he checked Stonewall Jackson's advance, had brought merited promotions. Meade reposed in Reynolds the same confidence which Hooker had placed in him. Commanding half the army, Rey- nolds, at the head of his old First Corps, opened the Gettysburg fight, and died with the command " Forward !" upon his lips. On every field of battle, and in organizing raw troops at Harris- burg immediately after the Bull Run panic, General Reynolds dis- played the highest and rarest qualities of the military commander. Calm, self-possessed, and reticent, his plans were carefully matured; and in action he led his troops with the daring disregard of danger that caused his untimely death. His popular reputation would have been greater had he lived to share the honors that fell to the victors at Gettysburg, and to assist in the pursuit that followed the victory until the fall of the foe at Appomattox. He gave much to his countrymen. It is but a slight return they can make by preserving the memory of so real a hero. {From " The Record," September 18, 1884.) To-day the bronze equestrian statue in honor of General John F. Reynolds will be unveiled on the north front of the City Hall with ap- propriate ceremonies. There will be an imposing civic and military display, as there ought to be. It was the fate of General Reynolds to give up his life for the life of the nation at the very turning point of the war on the soil of Pennsylvania. Some touch of the thankfulness which overspi-ead the country after the result of the struggle at Gettys- burg will again thrill the hearts of the spectators to-day when the statue of General Reynolds is uncovered and the story of his services and death retold. Long may the graven image stand to remind the beholder of the gallant soldier who laid down his life in behalf of his country. Among numerous letters received, the following are of special in- terest : Albany, N. Y., September 14, 1884. Dear Sir, — I regret that owing to the change of programme and a previous engagement I will not be able to participate in the unveiling of the statue of my late commander, General Reynolds. His character and services will doubtless be adequately set forth by your orators, and the painter and the sculptor have done their part to transmit his UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 17 form and features to posterity ; but, as I was associated with him for many years, it may not be out of place for me to give some personal reminiscences. It was my fortune upon leaving West Point to be assigned to the same regiment with him, the old Third Artillery, to which William T. Sherman, George H. Thomas, E. O. C. Ord, Braxton Bragg, and other distinguished men belonged. They were all warmly attached to Reynolds on account of his soldierlike qualities. Indeed his honor, honesty, intelligence, and genial disposition made him a general favorite. I next met Reynolds at a critical period in the Mexican war. I suddenly came upon him in the early gray of the morning in the pass of the Buena Vista, on the high table-land of Mexico, at the foot of the great mountain range of the Sierra Nevada. The scene was indel- ibly impressed upon my boyish memory. There stood Thomas and Reynolds, each leaning upon a gun of Bragg's battery, surrounded by dead Mexicans and the debris of the battle, waiting for the signal to recommence the action. I asked Reynolds afterwards how he felt when he saw the well-appointed army of Santa Anna, 25,000 strong, con- fronting our little force of 5000 men. He replied, "I did not allow myself to think on that subject, for I might have thought wrong." It is not too much to say that the victory we gained that day was due to the admirable manner in which those guns were served. I do not know whether attention has been called to his volunteer- ing to serve as commissary in New Orleans during a severe epidemic of yellow fever, but it was much talked about at the time among the officers of the regular army. In our late civil war I did not meet Reynolds's division until his release by exchange from imprisonment in Richmond. He must have suffered much during his captivity, for he disliked to refer to the subject. On the 28th of August, 1862, the day before the second battle of Bull Run occurred, Gibbon's division and mine were rudely assailed by an overwhelming force under Stonewall Jackson in person. We held our ground stoutly. Reynolds heard the firing, and with the true instinct of a soldier rode across the country to us. He asked me if I needed help, and upon my telling him that we were hard pressed, he said he would bring his division at once to our assistance. He went back for that purpose, but became separated from his men in the dark- ness. Two days afterwards, on the 30th, he rendered a special service to the army by making a dangerous personal reconnoissance in advance 18 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. of his pickets. He found, to his astonishment, that a large force of the enemy under Longstreet were impending over our left, with a view to seize the stone bridge and cut us off from Washington. The knowledge thus obtained by him enabled General Pope to retain his communications and check the enemy by successive echellons of re- sistance. The services of General Reynolds at Chancellorsville and Gettys- burg have already been fully delineated. His confidence in his troops was remarkable. I remember a conversation I had with him upon crossing the Potomac at Edwards' Ferry, on our way to Gettysburg. He expressed much sorrow and anger at the way in which Pennsyl- vania was being plundered, and displayed a strong desire to get at the enemy as soon as possible to stop these ravages. He seemed to think if he could once meet them with the First Corps there would be no doubt of the result. He was right in his estimate, for the desperate fighting of his men on the 1st of July contributed to, if it did not in- sure, the success of the two succeeding days. I think Reynolds, too, is entitled to the credit of selecting the ridge at Gettysburg which gave us the victory; for, as you know personally, he directed General Howard to concentrate his troops there, and this was equivalent to choosing the ground. He had just inspected the country from the steeple of the seminary before giving the order re- ferred to. Upon a recent visit to the battle-field of Fredericksburg, I could not but contrast the warm welcome we received with the bitter contest that occurred there in December, 1862. The Rappahannock, no longer vexed with gun-boats upon its breast and batteries along its banks, went flowing onward through peaceful valleys toward a peaceful sea. The air, no longer murky with the smoke of battle, no longer rent with discharges of musketry, the roar of cannon and the bursting of shells, came over us on that bright spring day like the breath of a benediction. The scene to me brought vividly back the memory of Reynolds as I saw him, just after the gal- lant charge made by Meade and the Pennsylvania Reserves, sitting upon his horse in front of his corps facing the sharp-shooters of Stone- wall Jackson, whose bullets were striking at his feet. If you think there is anything in this humble tribute to his mem- ory worthy of record, it is at your service. Yours very truly, Abner Doubleday, Brevet Major-General U. S. Army, late Major-General XJ. S. Vols. UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 19 "Washington, D. C, September 11, 1884. Dear Governor Curtin, — I should much like to attend the un- veiling of the Reynolds monument, taking as I do a deep interest in the erection of these memorials of heroism and courage and patriotism shown in the defence of liberty. They do honor to this generation, and will serve as reminders to those who succeed us that the necessity for active patriotic effort and exposure and sacrifice may come to them at any time, and thus tend to prepare defenders for the country in any future time of need. But I have official engagements at the time appointed for the meeting which I cannot neglect, and I am compelled to be absent from this interesting ceremony. I am, respectfully, your friend and servant, M. C. Meigs, Quartermaster-Genera] (retired), Brevet Major-General, U.S.A. Hartford, Conn., September 10, 1884. My Dear Governor, — I regret that I cannot be present at the un- veiling of the statue of General John F, Reynolds on the 18th inst. No ordinary engagement should have kept me away, but the Board of Managers of the National Home meets at Dayton, Ohio, on the same day, and I must be present there. Of all the men who gave their lives to the country in the civil war, no one deserved to have his likeness descend to posterity in bronze more than did General Reynolds. The State of Pennsylvania is honored for being his birthplace, and its citizens have honored them- selves by taking care that his statue shall be erected on their most noted site. He was the embodiment of all that is noblest and most patriotic in men. Bred a soldier, with an experience in war second to none, he threw himself into the hurly-burly of the civil war with intense energy and enthusiasm, making soldiers out of raw material, leading his commands, from brigade to army corps, on every field in the very front of the battle, and finally falling at the head of his corps defend- ing the soil of his native State, so ending most honorably and most happily his noble career. He was beloved by his friends far more than is common among men. He was respected by officers of the same grade in the service as one able and brave, always of sound judgment, careful of the lives of his men, but, alas, too careless of his own life when its exposure would do good. Like his friend Sedgwick, he, a corps commander also, was killed in the very front of his corps. 20 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. While every soldier feels that the manner and time of his death were a happy rounding of the circle of a soldier's career, yet his friends whom he left behind never cease to mourn the untimely ending of a glorious life, and sorrow that he did not live to enjoy with the others who went through unscathed the honors and rewards that would have awaited him as one who deserved well of his country. You appreciated him so highly, that it is fit that you should be at the head of the Association formed to do honor to his memory. I congratulate you and the Association that you have so nobly completed the work that you set out to do. Truly your friend, W. B. Franklin. Governor A. G. Curtik, President Reynolds Monument Association. Austin, Texas, June 20, 1884. Seceetaey Reynolds Monument Association, Philadelphia, Pa. : Dear Sir, — The circular letter of invitation of the Reynolds Monument Association, to be present at the unveiling of the statue on July 1st proximo, has reached me here, having been forwarded from Richmond, Va. I express nothing more than I sincerely feel when I say that, did business occupations permit, it would be a source of real pleasure and gratification for me to accept the courteous request and join the ceremonies to be held in memory of a gallant and meri- torious officer of the civil war. The distinguished commander, whose valor and virtue it is the purpose of your Association to so fittingly commemorate, fell at the post of duty in front of my troops, and fighting against me, it is true; but his name and well-earned fame lose none of their lustre, but rather gain additional reverence in my eyes because of the fact that he did a soldier's part, offered up a soldier's heroic life in a cause that was not my own. He belongs to that illustrious host of both armies whose bravery and devotion on earth endeared them to every true admirer of cour- ageous conviction and faithful zeal, and whose kindred chivalry and heroism have blended their banners and clasped their hands on those eternal plains where the war-drums throb no longer and the battle- flags are furled. UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 21 Assuring you of my grateful appreciation of your polite invitation, and of a cordial and earnest sympathy in the graceful and merited tribute you are to pay to a lamented and merited chieftain, I am, with great respect, yours very truly, E-. L. Walker, Late Brigadier-General commanding Third Corps Artillery, Army Northern Virginia. St. Louis, May 8, 1884. The Hon. A. G. Curtin, 532 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. : My Dear Sir, — It will be impossible for me to come to Philadel- phia at the 1st of July, and I write you to express my sense of pleasure at learning that the people of his native State have honored the memory of my old comrade, John F. Reynolds, with an equestrian bronze statue, to be unveiled in front of the majestic Public Buildings in Philadelphia on that date. I knew Reynolds as boy and man from the day he came to West Point, in 1837, to the breaking out of the civil war in 1861. We served nine years together in the same regiment, the Third Artillery, and when, in 1853, I left New Orleans for California he was aide-de- camp to General Twiggs, and volunteered to perform my office of Commissary of Subsistence during my absence on leave for six months, during which I made my resolution to leave the service and embark in civil pursuits. We all supposed he would succeed me in that office, but the Secretary of War, Jefferson Davis, gave the appointment to another — Captain Kilburn. During our civil war our spheres of action were wide apart, but knowing his ability, I watched his upward career with intense interest, and mourned his death as a brother. His death was heroic, at the head of his corps, at the very beginning of the great battle of Gettys- burg, and the State of Pennsylvania does herself honor in thus stamp- ing with approval the career of one of her bravest, best, and most heroic sons. It is thus that the youth of the present generation will be encouraged to imitate his example, and, if need be, shed their life- blood in her cause. I wish I could be with you to witness the cere- mony of unveiling, but distance and other engagements will deprive me of the privilege of assisting in doing this honor to a noble gentle- man and great soldier. With great respect, yours truly, W. T. Sherman. 22 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. The following is an extract of a letter received from General Tru- man Seymour, U.S.A. : General Reynolds was a man I loved and respected so sincerely, so unqualifiedly, that, if in my power, the statue should be of gold rather than of bronze. Our land never produced a citizen more worthy of emulation in all those qualities that make a chivalrous soldier. I was very intimately associated with him from our leaving the Peninsula until just before the battle of South Mountain, Reynolds, Meade, and myself having bivouacked together almost every night of that rather anxious period. Neither then nor at any other time did I ever hear from General Reynolds's lips an impatient, angry, or immodest word, still less an oath ; his mind was seemingly as calm and serene, always, — and my conviction is that his soul was as lofty, — as that of any hero of antiquity. Whoever knew him must have loved and revered him, as I did. General Hancock, who had always manifested the greatest interest in the success of the Reynolds Memorial Statue, wrote on September 17, 1884, regretting his unavoidable absence from the unveiling, in a letter addressed to Colonel John P. Nicholson, Recorder of the Military Order Loyal Legion. . I knew General Reynolds well, and knew him to have been in all respects one of the very best representatives of the military service that appeared during our civil war. He was a model soldier, and, in my judgment, a model man. I have never had any doubt of these facts at any period in the past, and am satisfied of them to-day, and am glad to record my judgment here. I have never heard a con- trary opinion expressed by any person who had the opportunity to form a just determination. And again on September 23d, after thanking Colonel Nicholson for the circular issued by the Pennsylvania Commandery, inviting its members to be present at the unveiling of the statue of Reynolds, he writes : I could not pass the occasion by without feeling it a duty to record my testimony to the excellence of this gallant soldier. I know of no statue too good for such a man, not only in consideration of his great services, but for the brilliant example of the life he presented. UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 23 Other letters of regret were received from General Crawford, Gen- J/ral Schuyler Hamilton, General Fowler, General Rodenbough, Gen- jjral Hunt, General McClellan, General Elliott, General Alvord, Gen- 'jfiral Townsend, General Kilburn, General Newton, General Parke, (General Augur, General Buell, Colonel Paine, General Merritt, Colonel IfJudd, Admiral Porter, and other distinguished officers and civilians. I The following reports from the newspapers of the day give a full ' description of the ceremonies : {From '^The Times.") The noble equestrian statue in bronze of General John F. Reynolds, unveiled yesterday in the superb architectural square on the northern front of the City Hall, is of heroic proportions, like the life it com- memorates. Both horse and rider are modelled on a scale one-half more than life size. From a distance it is impressive, and although it has been and no doubt will continue to be criticised from an artistic stand-point, the statue is undoubtedly a striking one. As the first eques- trian figure in Philadelphia it will command attention. It was erected by a memorial association at an expense of $25,000, furnished by Joseph E. Temple, and stands on a granite pedestal fifteen feet high, paid for by State appropriation. Including the pedestal, the top of the statue is twenty-seven feet above the pavement. It was unveiled in the presence of several thousand people, with soldiers in uniform, veterans with their flags and bands in gay attire grouped around the statue, form- ing a spectacle. It was an occasion that disclosed to what an extent Philadelphia, like so many other old and conservative communities, treasures the three kindred traits of reverence for the dead, patriotism, and love of military spirit. New York, Chicago, and some other busy cities have no time for sentiment; but Philadelphia almost always has a statue to some of its celebrities on hand, and its citizens not only find time to plan it and money to put it up, but they turn out in volume to give the occasion countenance. Thus far most of the statues have been placed in the Park, but now the City Hall is to be a nucleus, and the architecture of the building takes into account statues on top of it, inside of it, and all around it. THE PARADE. The civic and military personages who were to dignify the spectacle, and the organizations that had arranged to participate in the demonstra- tion, gathered at the Union League at half-past 3 o'clock in the after- 24 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. noon. The Girard College Cadets, in gray uniforms and carrying arng made a fine military appearance and came down Broad Street with a flourish, commanded on this occasion by Major Ryan. Drawn up in tie street with them were numerous delegations from Grand Army Post^ and nearly all the members of General Reynolds Post, No. 71, whici was given special prominence. These, with their bands, formed in a pr*. ' cession, and, with General H. G. Sickel as chief marshal, marched as a escort for the city and State officials and officers of the army and nay who had gathered in the Union League building. With epaulettesi aigrettes, cocked hats, cords, stripes, and dangling swords the various staff officers made a gay appearance. Surrounding the tall Governor were General Guthrie and eight or ten colonels. Generals Hartranft and Snowden had each a half a dozen aids in blue and gold. General Huidekoper and Colonel Dechert marched with their Grand Army corps. Colonel Weidersheim, of the First; Captain Jacobus and Chaplain McCook, of the Second ; Colonel Bonnaffon, of the Third, and Colonel Wiley, of the Sixteenth Regiments, were some of the other State military men. ON THE PLATFORM. The regular army was represented by Colonel Grier (retired), General Merrill, Colonel Ludlow, and Colonel Woodward, and the navy by Rear Admiral Mullany, Comodore Roe, Pay Director Russell, Colonel Field, of the Marine Corps, and others. Besides these, many others of prominence were admitted to the large raised platform erected at one side of the statue where the exercises took place. There were ex-United States Senator Scott, Judge Allison, George H. Stuart, Chairman Perkins, of the Building Commission, Colonel Horatio C. King, Secretary of the Society of the Army of the Potomac, Colonel Tailof, of New York, General J. J. Dana, of Washington, and Colo- nel John Beardsley, of New York, a class-mate of General Reynolds at West Point. Among the numerous ladies on the stand were three of General Reynolds's sisters, — Mrs. Landis and the Misses Reynolds, — and the widow of Admiral Reynolds, and his brother, and other members of the family were also present. THE WAR GOVERNOR. As the striking visage of ex-Governor Curtin, the president of the Association, came into view, when he arose to call the meeting to order, a great cheer went up that showed there were some in the crowd who recognized him and identified him with the stirring times called up by the occasion. UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 25 [From the " Ledger.^'') UNVEILING OF THE STATUE OF GENEKAL JOHN F. KEYNOLDS —CIVIC AND MILITARY PROCESSION ON BROAD STREET— THE CEREMONIES AT THE STATUE WITNESSED BY THOU- SANDS OF PEOPLE. The bronze equestrian statue of General John F. Reynolds, on the north side of the new City Hall, was unveiled yesterday afternoon, the ceremonies being witnessed by thousands of people assembled in Broad and Filbert Streets. The many members of the Grand Army of the Republic who participated in the ceremonies had donned their uniforms in the morning for a double purpose. The eighteenth anni- versary of the establishment of the Grand Array in this State was celebrated by a street parade of the organization in the morning. The anniversary day will be in October, but it was decided some time ago to hold the celebration during the State Agricultural Fair. A procession in connection with the unveiling of the statue formed on Broad Street, below Sansom, between three and four o'clock. The Pennsylvania Reserve Association, two hundred and fifty strong, in citizen's dress, and marshaled by Major J. A. McPherran, met in the Supreme Court Room and marched thence to 1431 Chestnut Street, the temporary headquarters of the Loyal Legion of the United States. About one hundred members of the latter, with Colonel John P. Nicholson as marshal, were escorted by the Reserve Association to the Union League House. There the three committees of the Reynolds Monument Association were receiving the invited guests. The Com- mittee of Arrangements was composed of General Louis Wagner, James Beale, and General James W. Latta. On the Reception Committee were ex-Governor A. G. Curtin, J. G. Rosengarten, Colonel George A. Woodward, Colonel Alexander Biddle, and Colonel Thomas J. Stewart. A committee representing the City Councils was composed of Select Councilmen E. W. Patton, John L. Grim, and John J. McDevitt, and Common Councilmen James McCormick, John M. Walton, and J. Frederick Loeble. THE MARCH UP BROAD STREET. There were about two thousand five hundred persons in the proces- sion, which moved from below the League House up Broad Street and through the City Hall to the statue. All walked. General H. G. Sickel was the chief marshal, and Colonel Augustus T. Lynch his special aid. The division marshals were General Louis Wagner, 26 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. Colonel George A. Woodward, General James W. Latta, Wallace W. Johnson, General S. Duncan Oliphant, Colonel John P. Nich- olson, Major John W. Duncan, Captain James McCormick, General Russell Thayer, Colonel Alexander Biddle, Captain John Taylor, Colonel Thomas J. Stewart, Colonel A. W. Russell, Major E. M. Woodward, State Senator George Handy Smith, and Representative Upton H. White. First marched one hundred and thirty-five uniformed members of the General John F. Reynolds Post, No. 71, G. A. R., to whom was assigned the special duty of unveiling the statue. They were headed by Commander William Miller. Then followed two hundred Girard College Cadets, commanded by Major John W. Ryan, and acting as special escort to the Reynolds Monument Association and invited guests. Ex-Governor Curtin, Colonel R. Biddle Roberts, the orator of the day, Joseph E. Temple, and the Rev. J. Hervey Beale, chaplain, walked with the other members of the Association. Then came Governor Pattison and the following uniformed mem- bers of his staff: Adjutant-General P. N. Guthrie; Colonel P. Lacey Goddard, Inspector-General; Colonel R. S. Edwards, Quartermaster- General ; Colonel J. T. M. Thompson, Commissary-General ; Colonel John I. Rogers, Judge Advocate General ; Colonel Thomas J. Hudson, Chief of Artillery ; Colonel L. W. Read, Surgeon-General ; Lieuten- ant-Colonel D. Stanley Hassinger, Assistant Adjutant-General; Lieuten- ant-Colonel W. R. Hartshorne, and Lieutenant-Colonel H. C. Deming. A number of State Legislators, Mayor Smith, and President Perkins and other members of the Public Building Commission, came next. These were followed by numerous representatives of the city depart- ments, members of Councils (the representation of the latter being limited on account of their being sessions of both bodies), and a number of federal government officials stationed in this city. SOME OF THE MILITARY MEN. Among the array officers, retired and active, in the line were General Grier, General J. William Hoffman, General Henry M. Hoyt, Colonel John Devereux, General W. L. James, Colonel G. W. Fred- erick, Captain Thomas Graham, Captain Frederick Boland, Captain P. D. Keyser, Colonel George Meade, Colonel Tailof, Captain George Q. White, Colonel John S. Cunningham, General D. McM. Gregg, Colonel William Brooke-Rawle, General William D. Whipple, Colonel I. Price, and Major E. W. Coffin. Major-General John F. Hartranft and the following members of his staff, all in uniform, also marched : UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 27 Lieutenant-Colonels George H. North, Charles S. Greene, J. Ewing Mears, S. S. Hartranft, E. O. Shakespeare, Walter G. Wilson, and F. Perot Ogden. Following them were representatives of the National Guard of the city, including Brigadier-General George R. Snowden, and Colonels Weidersheim, Dechert, and Bonnaffon. Next came members of the Union League, headed by Major E. N. Benson, the Pennsylvania Reserve Association, and the Loyal Legion, and following these were Commander-in-Chief Robert B. Beath, of the Grand Army of the Republic of the United States, and members of his staff; Commander F. H. Dyer, of the Department of Pennsyl- vania, and staff; Post 2, G. A. R., and many representatives of other Posts. Post 2, the only one with the exception of Reynolds Post that marched as a body, was accompanied by its firing party, in white uni- forms and shakos. THE CEREMONY OF UNVEILING. The formal ceremonies incident to the unveiling of the statue were appointed for 4 p.m., but long before that hour people began to as- semble in large numbers in the streets north of the City Hall, so that when the procession reached its objective point, Broad Street as far north as Arch, and Filbert Street, from Juniper to Merrick, were packed with thousands of spectators. On the spacious platform erected immediately in the rear of the statue were seated many promi- nent citizens and a number of ladies, besides the members of the staffs of Governor Pattison and General Hartranft, in full uniform, and the Girard College Cadets. Ex-Governor Curtin, in calling the assemblage to order, said that they were there "as a great Christain people to do homage to the memory of a soldier who had died that liberty might survive." He then introduced the Rev. J. Hervey Beale, Chaplain of the Pennsyl- vania Reserve Association, who offered up a prayer. Governor Pattison, on behalf of the State of Pennsylvania, next presented the pedestal. He said : GOVERNOR PATTISOn's ADDRESS. Mr. President, Fellow- Citizens, — The pleasant duty has been as- signed to me of presenting to its proper custodians, on behalf of the State of Pennsylvania, the pedestal which supports this noble represen- tation of one of the Commonwealth's bravest heroes. To other hands has been committed the task of telling the story of his great deeds and brilliant heroism. They will be the proud boast of the whole 28 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. country so long as the spirit of patriotism shall inflame the people. But the State of Pennsylvania has an especial pride in the memory of that son of hers who, at a great crisis, and in a moment of supreme danger to the integrity of the republic, did a work of enduring valor and sealed with his blood his devotion to his country. Pennsylvania may well be proud that on her soil is the spot where the flood tide of rebellion was turned to its ebb. Yet more glorious do we esteem the heritage of our honor in the undying record which the sons of our State wrote in that conflict. The name of him whom we to-day honor is both brilliant and mellow, Pennsylvania's hero, valor's son. The pen of history has written that name glorious, and to that judgment there is no demur. His title to fame has been acknowledged from the day when the parched fields of Gettysburg drank his blood. Inseparable from every history will be a full measure of honor to the faithful and heroic services of General John Fulton Reynolds. The State is glad to contribute the pedestal which supports this monumental tribute to his memory. Such a trib- ute should, to youthful minds, be an incentive to zeal in public service and honor in private life. It would fall short of its purpose if it only serves to honor the hero. Its purpose is double — to honor the distin- guished dead and to instruct the living. It will tell the story of a life that was sacrificed for the good of the whole people, and it will also inflame public spirit in the living. The spirit of self-sacrifice and bravery of the soldier is only another form of the same patriotism which should make of the public magistrate a pure and faithful ser- vant ; for a brave warrior can scarcely be a bad citizen, and the record of such a soldier should be a stimulus and an inspiration to those who occupy any position calling for public duty. I take great pleasure in presenting this pedestal, which records for posterity the deeds of that brave and brilliant soldier. General Reynolds. At the conclusion of Governor Pattison's address. Governor Curtin said : " We will now unveil this monument to the memory of a brave man." This was at once done by a committee of Reynolds Post, No. 71, comprising the following : Comrades W. A. Miller, William Mcllvaine, P. Keating, James Atkinson, Lewis R. Robinson, Gery Fisher, and R. Skeen. As the flags which veiled the statue were drawn aside, revealing the massive bronze figure of the distinguished soldier seated on his UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 29 war horse, the air resounded with the saluting cheers of the thou- sands of onlookers and the music of the several bands. Governor Curtiu then introduced Mr. Joseph E. Temple, who con- tributed the cost of the statue, and Mr. John Rogers, the sculptor, both of whom were greeted with applause. Addressing Mayor Smith, Governor Curtin then said : "In the name of the patriotic and liberal citizen who gave his money to form that statue, and in the name of the State of Pennsylvania which contributed the pedestal, I present to you this monument commemorative of the great soldier who shed his blood for our common country." MAYOR smith's ADDRESS. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen, — I have the honor of receiv- ing at the hands of the great War Governor of the State of Pennsyl- vania the monument of one of her bravest and most distinguished heroes, who gave his life to the nation upon the soil of his native State, upon the first day of the greatest battle fought in the war of the re- bellion. In accepting this memorial of the departed and distinguished sol- dier, General Reynolds, permit me on behalf of the municipality to guarantee the reverence and admiration of a liberty-loving and loyal city, whose proudest page in history shall be that which marks her in- fluence in all that makes the nation prosperous, her people happy, and her heroes respected. On behalf of the city, I am pleased to accept the monument, and guarantee its protection and care, feeling satisfied that time will add still greater esteem and glory to the illustrous hero whose fame it cele- brates. The President of the Public Buildings Commission, Mr. Samuel C. Perkins, in a few remarks, then accepted the charge of the statue on behalf of the Commission, promising that it would be preserved with care while the Commission continued in existence, when it would be transferred to the care of the municipality. Mr. Perkins said : 3Ir. President, — It was with special pleasure and satisfaction that the Commissioners for the Erection of the Public Buildings were able to offer an appropriate site within the grounds under their care for the erection of the statue of the gallant soldier, General John F. Rey- 30 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. nolds, to whose efforts, with those of the other brave men who were associated with him for the defence of the Union, the city of Phila- delphia owes it that to-day she is one of the largest and most prosper- ous municipalities of the free, independent, and truly United States. And the Commissioners, in receiving from the Mayor of the city the care and custody of this monument to the patriotism and devotion of the distinguished general who fell so early in the decisive battle upon the soil of this his own native State, promise that, so long as the trust reposed in them shall continue to devolve upon them the care of these buildings and the ground belonging to them, they will see that this monument is sacredly guarded from all harm and damage; and when the trust of the Commissioners shall have been completed, and these buildings handed over to the municipal authorities, finished in all the beauty and magnificence of their design, this monument shall be at the same time delivered to the same authorities to be preserved during all the centuries of the hoped for future of this great city. The Girard College Cadets then presented arms, their band played the national air, and the representatives of the Loyal Legion, the Grand Army of the Republic, the State Fencibles, and other military organizations saluted the statue as it was unveiled, while hearty cheers were given by the assembled multitude for Reynolds, and for Curtin, and Temple, and Rogers, who made their acknowledgments by bowing. Finally, when order was restored, Governor Curtin introduced the orator of the day. Colonel R. Biddle Roberts, of Chicago, formerly of Pittsburg, saying that by the old soldiers of the Pennsylvania Reserves Colonel Roberts was affectionately remembered as the colonel of the First Pennsylvania Reserve Regiment, and that his gallant services in command of that regiment, and of the brigade and division under Reynolds, needed no commendation. Even after his health compelled him to leave the field, Colonel Roberts had served his native State and the Union, and he was sure that he would be heartily welcomed on his return to deliver the address of the day, for no man could speak with fuller knowledge of General Reynolds. Colonel Roberts was received with hearty greetings and long con- tinued cheers by the large audience of representative men and women on the platform and by the great assemblage of his old comrades, the Pennsylvania Reserves, the Loyal Legion, and the Grand Army of the Republic, and the crowded mass beyond, and as soon as quiet was restored, taking his place in the speakers' stand, he delivered the following oration : UNVEILING OF TEE STATUE. 31 OKATION BY COLONEL KOBERTS. Colonel R. Biddle Roberts said : Honored by the invitation of the Reynolds Memorial Association, and still further honored by the request of my old friends and com- rades of the Pennsylvania Reserve Association, I am here to endeavor to say a word to this assemblage, distinguished alike in civic and mili- tary circles; with this surrounding of those men who took part in sus- taining their country's constitution when it was in peril, in this grand Keystone State, in this noble and historic city, amid these beautiful and lofty architectural surroundings, upon this one of the grandest high- ways known in all the cities of the Avorld, to do honor to the memory of a patriot and a hero. Let us first thank this great city of Philadel- phia, that, with a patriotism and a love of duty that will do honor to them for all time to come, has allowed us to place this beautiful and historic work of art upon, as I have already said, her noblest highway. Monumental honors have long been paid to the distinguished of all lands ; but this country is the first that has ever paid those honors to the private soldier as well as to the most elevated in the ranks of her army. He in whose honor the statue just unveiled is erected has since his death, as if " in his ashes glowed their wonted fires," been exalted by every mark of public confidence and of public regard. West Point, from whence his education was originally received, holds upon her walls, placed there with becoming and due reverence, a beautiful oil painting representative of his well-known features. The field of Gettysburg, near the spot on which he fell, has her monument, there placed by the affectionate regard of those who served under him on that great day. And the Hall of the Historical Society of the State of Pennsylvania also contains an oil painting representative of him, made doubly dear from the fact that it was given to that society by his lamented and accomplished brother, the admiral. With that painting, in her archives she holds the admirable paper prepared by Mr. Rosen- garten, upon the occasion of the presentation of that portrait, which contains within a short space a painstaking account of the life and character of the distinguished general. The hand of affection has marked the spot where rest his mortal remains in the Lancaster Ceme- tery with a plain shaft, bearing a modest statement of his military achievements. And we now come together to place, with proper words and fit decorum, this grand equestrian statue commemorative of the same great life. 32 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. Through the generosity of one of your own citizens, I had almost said boundless generosity of Mr. Temple, ample means for the comple- tion of this beautiful work were furnished, and his time and attention, in addition, given in aiding in the completion of the work. We are also indebted to the exertions of the accomplished sculptor, Mr. Rogers, who, with the plastic hand of Phidias, designed and completed this incomparably grand piece of art. What debt of gratitude we owe to the Reynolds Memorial Association for their exertions in this behalf, it is not for me now to say, or attempt to describe ; but, through those exertions, this " pride of every model and perfection of every master" is at last placed upon this, your street, there to be viewed and ad- mired for all time by every passer-by of this or any other land ; there to be admired, there to be, I had almost said, worshipped so long as patriotism has a votary or chivalry an admirer. Let me say a word as to the life and character of the man whose memory we endeavor to perpetuate. Born in this State, educated at West Point, and graduating with her highest honors, early taking his place, as entitled, in the armies of the republic, we follow him step by step, marking a career always animated by a stern sense of duty, and knowing no objective point but the preservation of his country and his country's honor. Whether we view him as a youthful subaltern on the plains of Mexico, striving to preserve with his gallantry there the management of the small portion of artillery with which we were able to make our assaults in that land ; whether we follow him through the snows of Utah in the unfortunate advance of General Johnson, bear- ing all the hardships of that disastrous movement ; whether we come back when he assumed his place at West Point as commandant of cadets, and is earnestly and actively engaged in instilling into the young men under him the high sense of duty which the soldier of the American republic should ever feel ; or whether we see him hur- ried from that point to the command of a brigade in McCall's division early in 1861 ; whether we watch him there, reducing the "raw levies," as they were called, to the absolute discipline and elegant drill of the most accomplished soldier ; whether we witness him commanding the first brigade drill ever had upon this continent, and throwing five regi- ments into a hollow square, and forming them with the beauty and precision of mathematics ; or whether we see him in the command of his division during the battles of the Peninsula; sharing the horrors of Libby, and returning to his command without ever pausing to go home, or asking for a moment's rest, with his determination and sense of duty he reports for orders on the instant he had crossed the James; and who UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 33 that was there can forget his reception by that corps which he had be- fore commanded in battle, who, as he modestly stood in front of them, battle-worn, scar-covered, prison-dirty, made the welkin ring with the swelling chorus of their mingled acclamations at the sight of their old commander? There we see him still undaunted, and animated by the same high sense of military duty which ever characterized him. From thence we see him advancing to the second Bidl Run, and there we know of his high abilities displayed in that last grand stand made in front of the Run, when it is conceded, I believe, that it was owing to his exertions that the rebel army was held in check, and that the army of the United States was enabled to secure the city of Washington from assault. Then, as the army advanced towards South Mountain and Antietam, he received what must have been to him a most trying call, when the patriotic Governor of this State asked that General Reynolds might be sent to take command of the raw levies that were being raised to go to the support of the Array of the Potomac, in case it became necessary. He left his own gallant corps and went back and took command of those, which, while they were truly raw levies, consisted of the best of the sons of this grand old State, who advanced to the defence of her borders with a patriotism and disinter- estedness worthy of all honor. And who will forget at the close of the hard-fought day at Antietam, at the end of that day when victory seemed at last assured to us, how the sound came along the line, "Fifty thousand fresh troops under General Reynolds !" Who will forget the shout with which this intelligence was welcomed? Who will forget that the accomplished and gallant leader of the rebel force, hearing these cheers, and doubtless hearing what they were occasioned by, and, although perhaps doubtful as to fifty thousand fresh troops, never doubtful it was General Reynolds, retired beyond the river and left us to the hard-fought field ? Who can forget that from that time, when soon after he resumed his old command, of all his achievements, of Fredericksburg with all it glories, — yet disasters, — and then of his utter self-abnegation in refusing the command of the army, and urging that it should be given to his life-long friend and fellow-officer. General Meade? Commanding the right wing of that great army, holding that command by the request of his old and tried friend. General Meade, let me depart here for a moment from the current of our thoughts to say that I desire to bear my humble testimony to the worth and strength of that friendship. I knew it from both; I have heard it in the strongest language from both; and I saw General Meade after the close of the war, and had a most pleasing conversation with him in 34 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. relation to the battle of Gettysburg, in which, with tears in his eyes, he exclaimed, " At that moment, on that first day, I lost my great first lieutenant." We follow him to the battle of Gettysburg. The advance was coming. The great rebel host was in force upon the soil of his native State, and desecrated it. Everything, we are told, seemed to excite and arouse him, and he advanced to meet them with all these surroundings, which eagle-plumed his gallant soul as he approached the spot that was soon to become tlie great battle-field of the war, and where was to be left to the arbitration of the sword the question of freedom or slav- ery. We can imagine that, like the "foremost man of all this world," who, when he saw the army that was to oppose him filing into the plain of Pharsalia, Lucan tells us, exclaimed with delight, "The time sought for by me with a thousand prayers is at last presented, and now will be submitted to the extreme arbitrament of the sword the great question of freedom." So Reynolds saw the advancing host, — Heath's division, — headed by Archer's brigade, which he captured, and as he turned to reform, and to bring up the others that were to sustain the position which in after-time was deemed the great question of the de- cision of this battle, the fatal messenger of death, sped by rebel hand, closed his grand career. " There perished a life worth whole hecatombs of lives." But " sine dolore est quod ferendum est vulnus cum victoria."* A word more, and I have done. The war went on and had its results; and here, twenty-one years after the last sad event which we have been discussing, we assemble yet to honor the brave. Perhaps it is not amiss to say that we are told that the ancients, more especially the Greeks, at the close of the civil war, erected wooden monuments to mark the spot, while the monuments in honor of those who had done brave and gallant deeds were made of Corinthian brass and Parian marble. The spot where the civil war took place, it was hoped, would soon be forgotten, and the wooden monument would crumble into dust, but that the achievements of those that had shown valor in that, or any other war, on behalf of their country, should be perpet- uated in everlasting materials. In accordance with and in promotion of this same beautiful sentiment, we unveil this equestrian statue, per- petuating the memory of our hero, praying God that " — Those who fought for freedom here Will guard the heritage they won While these green hillsides feel the sun." *The wound which comes with victory is borne without pain. UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 35 His name and his fame are one and inseparable. We are told there are but two things that are imperishable — fame and a people. May we hope that the memory which we desire to perpetuate shall forever last, and thus shall live, " Unmarred, undimmed, our hero's fame, And years succeeding years shall give Increase of honors to his name !" The formal ceremonies then closed, and the vast and attentive audience gradually dispersed, many stopping to take a long look at the statue. EDITOKIAL COMMENTS. The following are among the numerous editorial comments that subsequently appeared : [From <' The Press.") With a noble pageant and brilliant ceremonies befitting the occasion the superb equestrian bronze statue of General John F. Reynolds was unveiled and delivered to the custody of the city yesterday. It stands like a patriot guard at the northern entrance of the new Public Build- ings, and will there forever testify to the fortitude, the brilliant exploits, and the fealty to the flag of the Union of a gallant son of the Key- stone State. Rising rapidly, he commanded with marvellous skill in action brigade, division, and army corps of troops always to glorious triumph, and on the bloody field of Gettysburg, the grand pitched battle of the rebellion, he sealed the triumph that saved the nation ■with his life. To honor the memory of such an intrepid hero was a pleasure to all those who participated in yesterday's display, and the statue will remain to tell posterity how we appreciated the services of Pennsylvania's great fighting corps commander, General John F. Reynolds. (From " The Times.") The veterans of the late war had possession of the streets yesterday, turning out in great numbers to honor the memory of Reynolds, whose equestrian statue in front of the new City Hall was formally unveiled. Reynolds was identified with Pennsylvania not only in his birth and in his death, but by his continuous command of Pennsylvania troops through two years of severe service, and a very large number of the old soldiers now living in Philadelphia have followed Reynolds on the 36 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. field. It was with more than common enthusiasm, therefore, that they greeted the sculptor's presentation of the familiar figure which had in life so often led them into action. It could be wished that the artist had given to this figure a little more of commanding dignity, even if to do so it had been necessary to give less prominence to the horse, whose showy proportions somewhat dwarf and in part obscure his rider. But there is an alertness about the figure and a power in the serious face that are characteristic, and every soldier of the Army of the Poto- mac will recognize the likeness. The statue is in many ways effective, and will always command attention, fitly handing down to posterity the memory of Pennsylvania's great soldier. The day terminated in a fitting manner with the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Reserves, and the reception held by them for all who had taken part in the unveiling. The Union League House had been generously given to the Reynolds Monument Association for the services of the day, and in the evening for the reception. This was attended by several hundred of the Reserves, by a large body of the Loyal Legion, by the Governor of the State, General Hartranft, General Snowden and his staff, and by guests from other parts of the State and from other States, and it is described in the following report of the proceedings from the Philadelphia Inquirer of the next day, Septem- ber 19th : PENNSYLVANIA RESERVES— ANNUAL MEETING OP THE ASSO- CIATION AND REUNION AT THE LEAGUE. The annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Reserve Association was held last evening in the Supreme Court Room, when the following offi- cers were elected to serve the ensuing year : President. — Ex-Governor Andrew G. Curtin. Vice-Presidents. — General H. G. Sickel, General Ross Hartshorne, and Sergeant John I Faller. Recording Secretary. — Captain John Taylor. Corresponding Secretary. — Colonel Chill W. Hazzard. Treasurer. — Sergeant J. C. Aitkin. Also an Executive Committee of forty-five, three from each regi- ment. Resolutions were adopted appointing a committee to return the thanks of the Association to Mr. Joseph E. Temple for his liberal con- tribution to the Reynolds monument. UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 37 A resolution was also adopted appointing a committee, of which Colonel Woodward is chairman, to take into consideration the matter of erecting a proper tablet on the battle-field at Gettysburg where the Pennsylvania Reserves fought. From 8 to 11 p.m. the Reserves held a reunion at the annex of the Union League building. A band of music stationed on the balcony performed several selections in the course of the evening. One long table, on which was spread a fine collation, extended the length of the beautiful hall, and at another table on the platform at the northern end of the room was another table at which were seated a number of distinguished persons, with ex-Governor Curtin in the centre. The attendance was quite large, among others present being the fol- lowing : Governor Robert E. Pattison, ex-Governor John F. Hartranft, Colonel R. Biddle Roberts, First Regiment Reserves; General John Taylor, First Pennsylvania Cavalry ; Colonel P. McDonough, Second Regiment Reserves; General Ross Hartshorne, Thirteenth Pennsyl- vania Regiment (First Bucktails) ; Colonel R. P. Dechert; General Louis Wagner, Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Regiment; Rev. J. Her- vey Beale, Chaplain of the Association; Colonel George Meade; Col- onel John P. Nicholson, Recorder-in-Chief of the Loyal Legion ; Gen- eral J. W. Latta, Colonel William B. Mann, General H. G. Sickel, Major George Q. White, Colonel Charles S. Greene, Major Moses Veale, and Colonel George A. Woodward. After those present had partaken of the good things provided, Gov- ernor Curtin, being called on for a speech, made a few remarks. He stated that of the war governors of 1862, all were dead but three, Kirkwood, Gray, and himself. He intended to live as long as he could, as this world was good enough for him. He wished to pay his homage of gratitude to this great people of Pennsylvania, who, without regard to party, had given him their confidence during the trying times of the war. He might lose his good looks, but would always retain his cheerful disposition. The next speaker was Governor Pattison, who was much impressed with the statement that only three of the war governors were alive. Many of the events that have failed to be recorded we can obtain only from them. Fifty years hence the Permsylvania Reserves will live in the hearts of the people in greater appreciation than at present. He would rather always remain silent in the presence of the soldiers of the war, to whom we are so greatly indebted. He felt grateful to those who had gone out in defence of the Union. 38 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. Remarks were also made by ex-Governor Hartranffc, Colonel R. Biddle Roberts, Colonel William B. Mann, Colonel H. C. King, Sec- retary of the Society of the Army of the Potomac, Colonel Ivan Tailof, and others, and the gathering did not disperse until a late hour. Dear Sir; DESIGN OF THE STATUE. 23 Union Square, New York, October 24, 1884. You ask me to give you some description of my statue of General Reynolds. The intention of the design was to represent General Reynolds in the front of the battle-field, as he was the first day of Gettysburg. The horse is startled and shying from the noise and danger in the direction he is looking, while the general is pointing to the same spot and giving directions to his aids at his side. Yours truly, John Rogers. INSCRIPTIONS ON THE PEDESTAL: East Front. REYNOLDS. West Front. GETTYSBURG. North Front. JULY 1, 1863. South Front. SEPTEMBER 18, 1884. UNVEILING OF THE STATUE. 39 The following is a LIST OF THE SUBSCKIBERS to the Reynolds Memorial Fund : Joseph E. Temple, Philadelphia. The State of Pennsylvania. Major Philip Schuyler, late Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, New York. Colonel E. A. Irvin, late Thirteenth Pennsylvania Reserves, Cur- wensville. Pa. General George G. Meade Post, No. 1, G. A. R., Philadelphia. Lincoln Post, G. A. R., Washington, D. C. Walter J. Newhall Post, No. 7, G. A. R., Philadelphia. John A. Koltes Post, No. 228, G. A. R., Philadelphia. Twelfth Massachusetts Regimental Association, Boston, Mass. C. C. Wehrum, late Twelfth Massachusetts, New York. Post No. 87, G. A. R., Allentown, Pa. H. T. Bleakley, Allentown, Fa. Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel James Collins, late Third Pennsylvania Reserves, Philadelphia. General Langhorne Wister, late Thirteenth Pennsylvania Reserves, and One Hundred and Fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Phila- delphia. Colonel Thomas Chamberlain, late One Hundred and Fiftieth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Philadelphia. W. R. Wister, Philadelphia. Colonel Alexander Biddle, late One Hundred and Twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, Philadelphia. Post No. 176, G. A. R., Lewisburg, Pa. Captain Charles E. Etting, late One Hundred and Twenty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, Philadelphia. Post No. 2, G. A. R., Philadelphia. Reynolds Post, No. 58, G. A. R., Weymouth, Mass. Captain William Howard Mills, late Fourteenth U. S. Infantry, Washington D. C. Corporal Skelly Post, No. 9, G. A. R., Gettysburg, Pa. General G. A. De Russey, Third U. S. Artillery, St. Augustine, Fla. General H. G. Gibson, Third U. S. Artillery, St. Augustine, Fla. Colonel C. A. Wildrich, Third U. S. Artillery, St. Augustine, Fla. Captain C. W. Hobbs, Third U. S. Artillery, St. Augustine, Fla. Captain W. W. Gibson, Third U. S. Artillery, St. Augustine, Fla. 40 REYNOLDS MEMORIAL. Captain Lewis Smith, Third U. S. Artillery, St. Augustine, Fla. Lieutenant John F. Mount, Third U. S. Artillery, St. Augus- tine, Fla. Lieutenant C. W. Harrold, Third U. S. Artillery, St. Augus- tine, Fla. Edward T. Steel & Co., Philadelphia. J. G. Rosengarten, Philadelphia. General H. G. Sickel, late Third Pennsylvania Reserves, and One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Philadelphia. W. M. Singerly, Philadelphia. John Wauamaker & Co., Philadelphia. J. G. Dittman, Philadelphia. Jessup & Moore, Philadelphia. D. Landreth & Sons, Philadelphia. Drexel & Co., Philadelphia. Colonel Edwin N. Benson, Philadelphia. W. H. Shelmire, Philadelphia. Colonel George A. Woodward, late Second Pennsylvania Reserves, and Fifteenth Infantry, U. S. A., Philadelphia. Colonel James E. McLane, late One Hundred and Forty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, Philadelphia. Colonel John W. McElfresh, late Ninth Pennsylvania Reserves. Morris Fell, late Pennsylvania Reserves, Philadelphia. John C. Cooper, late Pennsylvania Reserves, Philadelphia. Wallace W. Johnson, late Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, Phila- delphia. S. Castner, Jr., Philadelphia. A. Kerr & Bro., Philadelphia. John Lucas & Co., Philadelphia. Horstmann Bros. & Co., Philadelphia. George W. Childs, Philadelphia. George Baskins, Philadelphia. Hamilton Disston, Philadelphia. John Baird, Philadelphia. Joseph F. Tobias, Philadelphia. George W. Nulty, Philadelphia. Major John W. Duncan, late Eighth Pennsylvania Reserves. H. D. Landis, late Captain, Landis's Battery. 1 TRRftRY OF CONGRESS ml. 013 700 0«»^ ^ ^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS illilillllllli 013 700 082 9 pH8^